Harbin: a cross-cultural biography
"This book offers an intimate portrait of early-twentieth-century Harbin, a city in Manchuria where Russian colonialists, and later refugees from the Revolution, met with Chinese migrants. The deep social and intellectual fissures between the Russian and Chinese worlds were matched by a multitu...
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| Sprache: | English |
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Toronto ; Buffalo ; London
University of Toronto Press
[2020]
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| Zusammenfassung: | "This book offers an intimate portrait of early-twentieth-century Harbin, a city in Manchuria where Russian colonialists, and later refugees from the Revolution, met with Chinese migrants. The deep social and intellectual fissures between the Russian and Chinese worlds were matched by a multitude of small efforts to cross the divide as the city underwent a wide range of social and political changes. Using surviving letters, archival photographs, and rare publications, this book also tells the personal story of a forgotten city resident, Baron Roger Budberg, a physician who, being neither Russian nor Chinese, nevertheless stood at the very centre of the cross-cultural divide in Harbin. The biography of an important city, fleshing out its place in the global history of East-West contacts and twentieth-century diasporas, this book is also the history of an individual life and an original experiment in historical writing."-- |
| Beschreibung: | 383 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781487506285 9781487544249 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Bibliography Archival and Unpublished Sources Family Papers in Private Possession Köhler family albums, Hamburg, Germany. Popoff family papers and albums, Liège, Belgium. Courtesy of the late Victor Popoff. Raczyński family papers and albums, Santiago, Chile. Courtesy of the Raczyński family. Raczyński, Joseph A., ed. ‘Lebenserinnerung meiner Mutter. Notizen zur Geschichte der Familie Budberg. Unpublished typescript, Munich, 1980-1. Courtesy of the Raczyński family. Cited as Lebenserinnerung. - Roger Budberg: Briefe an seine Schwester Antoinette 1903-1925. Unpublished typescript, Munich, 1986. Courtesy of the Raczyński family. Cited as Briefe. Unpublished Secondary Sources Lackschewitz, Klas, genealogy of Barons von Bönninghausen gen. Budberg, the extinct line Gemauert-Poniemon. Typescript (2002). Courtesy of the author. Interviews Author s interview with Victor Popoff. Liège, Belgium, August 2005. Author s interviews in Budberga village, Latvia, October 2008. Author s interviews with former Harbin residents (identified and dated in the text). Esther Kallen, née Komarovskaia, interview with family members in Washington, DC, 17 October 1965. Recording, courtesy of Eugene Lipkowitz, Wyckoff, NJ.
332 Bibliography Vasily V. Ushanoff, Recollections of Life in the Russian Community in Manchuria and in Emigration, interview by Richard A. Pierce at Laguna Beach, CA, July 1981. Typescript, Bancroft Library, University of California. Archives (collections are specified in the text) Estonian Historical Archives (EHA), Tartu. Historical Archive of Omsk oblast, Omsk. Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Latvian State Historical Archives (LVVA), Riga. Museum of Russian Culture, San Francisco. National Archives of the United Kingdom, Kew. Political Archive of the Federal Foreign Office, Berlin. Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), St Petersburg. Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East (RGIA DV), Vladivostok. Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA), Moscow. Société des Missions Étrangères de Paris. State Archive of Irkutsk oblast (GAIO), Irkutsk. State Archive of Khabarovsk Region (GAKhK), BREM collection. State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), Moscow. State Archive in Tobolsk City. Published Sources AJ. [Anna K. Ivashkevich]. Poślednie dni v Man chzhurii (iz lichnykh vospominanii) (Last Days in Manchuria: From Personal Reminiscences). Russkoe bogatstvo 10 (October 1900): 143-68. Abe, Hiroshi. The Movement to Restore Educational Prerogatives in Manchuria during the 1920s: One Aspect of Nationalism in Modern Chinese Education. East Asian Cultural Studies 21, no. 3 (1981): 1-31. Ablazhei, Natal ia N. Russkie emigranty iz Kitara. Repatriatsiia, karateľnaia politika i trudoispoľzovanie vo vtoroi polovine 1940-kh godov (Russian
Émigrés from China: Repatriation, Repressive Measures, and Labour Use in the Second Half of the 1940s). Vestnik Rossiiskogo gumanitarnogo fonda 4 (2006): 24-35. Ablova, Nadezhda E. KVZhD і rossiiskaia emigratsiia v Kitae. Mezhdunarodnye і politicheskie aspekty istorii (pervaia polovina XX veka) (The CER and the Russian Emigration in China: International and Political Aspects of History in the First Half of the Twentieth Century). Moscow: Russkaia panorama, 2005. Abrosimov, Igor A. Pod chuzhim nebom (Under an Alien Sky). Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1990.
Bibliography 333 Abrosimov, N.I. Izuchenie kitaiskogo iazyka і KVZhD (The Study of the Chinese Language and the CER). Ekonomicheskii biulleten 35 (6 September 1925): 6-8. Agranovskii, Zalman L. Evreiskaia obshchina Kharbina 1948-1962 (The Jewish Community of Harbin, 1948-62) [1962]. Bulletin Igud Yotsei Sin, nos. 374-381 (2002-4). Ah Cheng. Ha’erbin ren (The Harbin Person). Taipei: Daotian, 1997. Aleksandrov, V. [Viktor A. Veinshtok], Argun і priargun e. Putevye zametki і ocherki (The Argun and Its Adjacent Region: Travel Notes and Sketches). Vestnik Evropy 39, no. 5 (September 1904): 281-310. Alkin, Sergei V. Arkheolog Vladimir Iakovlevich Tolmachev (Archaeologist Vladimir la. Tolmachev). In Na pol zu і razvitie russkoi nauki (For the Benefit and Development of Russian Science), ed. A.D. Stoliar and Iu.V. Ivanova, 2nd rev. ed., 90-100. Novosibirsk: Sibirskoe Otdelenie RAN, 2005. - Arkheologicheskie і antropologicheskie issledovaniia V.V. Ponosova v Man chzhurii (The Archaeological and Anthropological Research of V.V. Ponosov in Manchuria). In Vtorye chteniia im. G.I. Nevel skogo (The Second Nevelskoi Readings), 113-17. Khabarovsk: n.p., 1990. Alpern Engel, Barbara. In the Name of the Tsar: Competing Legalities and Marital Conflict in Late Imperial Russia. Journal of Modern History 77 (March 2005): 70-96. Altman, Avraham. Controlling the Jews, Manchukuo Style. In From Kaifeng ...to Shanghai: Jews in China, ed. Roman Malek, 279-317. Sankt Augustin: Monumenta Serica Monograph Series, vol. 46, 2000. Ancelāne, Alma, ed. Latviešu tautas teikas (Latvian
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334 Bibliography Argudiaeva, Iulia V. Istochniki po istoriko-demograficheskim protsessam u russkikh Trekhrech ia (Sources on Historical-Demographic Processes among the Russians of Trekhrech e). Istoricheskaia demografik 1 (2016): 66-70. Arsen ev, Vladimir K. Dersu Uzak. In Sobrante sochinenii v shesti tomakh (Collected Works in Six Vols.), chief ed. P.F. Brovko, vol. 1. Vladivostok: Rubezh, 2007-. Avenarius, Georgii G. Shuanchenpu i Shuanchensian (Shuangcheng Town and County). Vestnik Man chzhurii 12, no. 8 (August 1934): 114-19. Baikov, Nikolai A. Moi priezd v Man chzhuriiu (1902 god) (My Arrival in Manchuria in 1902). Reprinted in Polytechnic 10 (1979): 76-83. - Sobrante (Collection), in 3 vols. Vladivostok: Rubezh, 2009-12. Vol. 1: Velikii Van (The Great Wang). Voi. 2: Vgorakh і lesakh Man chzhurii (In the Mountains and Forests of Manchuria). Voi. 3: Taiga shumit (The Taiga Rustles). Baker, Hugh D.R. Life in the Cities: The Emergence of Hong Kong Man. China Quarterly 95 (September 1983): 469-79. Bakich, Olga. Did You Speak Harbin Sino-Russian? Itinerario 35, no. 3 (December 2011): 23-36. - Émigré Identity: The Case of Harbin. In Harbin and Manchuria, ed. Thomas Lahusen, special issue of South Atlantic Quarterly 99, no. 1 (2000): 51-73. - Harbin Russian Imprints: Bibliography as History, 1898-1961. Materials for a Definitive Bibliography. New York: Norman Ross, 2002. - A Russian City in China: Harbin before 1917. Canadian Slavonic Papers 28, no. 2 (June 1986): 129-48. - Russian Education in Harbin, 1898-1962. Transactions of the Association of Russian-
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Bibliography 335 - Kitaiskii Novyi god (The Chinese New Year). Ibid., 42-67. - Kraevedenie v kartinakh khudozhnika Sungurova (Local Lore Studies in the Works of Painter Sungurov), Vestnik Man chzhurii 3 (1934): 172-5. - Po kitarskim khramam Ashikhe (Among the Chinese Temples of Ashihe), Vestnik Man chzhurii 1-2 (1926): 120-212. Barshay, Andrew E. The Gods Left First: The Captivity and Repatriation of Japanese POWs in Northeast Asia, 1945-1956. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013. Baskhanov, Mikhail K. Russkie voennye vostokovedy do 1917 goda. Biobibliograficheskii slavar (A Bio-bibliographical Dictionary of Russian Military Orientalists before 1917). Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura RAN, 2005. Bayly, C.A. The Birth of the Modem World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004. Becker, Jasper. The City of Heavenly Tranquillity: Beijing in the History of China. London: Allen Lane, 2008. Bekkin, Renat I. Pis ma leitenanta LI. Isliamova к rodnym iz Man chzhurii. 1904 god (Letters of Lieutenant Isliamov to Relatives from Manchuria in 1904). Vostochnyi arkhiv 1 (2017): 31-5. Beloglazov, Gennadii P. Kitaiskii vektor tsivilizatsionno-kuľturnogo vzaimodeistviia (The Chinese Vector of Civilizational-Cultural Interaction). In Rossiia i narody Dal nego Vostoka. Istoricheskii opyt mezhetnicheśkogo vzaimodeistviia (Russia and the Peoples of the Far East: The Historical Experience of Cross-Ethnic Interaction), ed. V.A. Turaev, 250-75. Vladivostok: DVO RAN, 2016. -Russkaia zemledeľcheskaia kuľtura v Man chzhurii (seredina XVII -pervaia tret
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336 Bibliography Віх, Herbert P. Japanese Imperialism and the Manchurian Economy, 190031. China Quarterly 51 (July 1972): 425-43. Blagoveshchenskii [Ivan G. Pryzhov], Zapiski o Sibiři. I. Okhota na brodiag. II. Starovery (Notes on Siberia: 1. Hunting for Rovers. 2. The Old Believers). Vestnik Evropy 17, no. 9 (September 1882): 291-325. Bo Yang. Lishu diming tanyuan (An Exploration of the Origins of the Place Name Lishu). Zhongguo diming 11 (2014): 67, 71. Boloban, Andrei P. Otchet kommercheskogo agenta Kitaiskoi Vostochnoi zheleznoi dorogi A.P. Bolobana po obsledovaniiu ό 1911 godu raionov Khei-lun-tszianskoi, Girinskoi і Mukdenskoi provintsil (Severmi Man chzhurii), tiagoteiushchikh к Kitaiskoi Vostochnoi zheleznoi doroge, v zemledeľcheskom i khlebopromyshlennom otnosheniiakh (Report by Commercial Agent of the Chinese Eastern Railway A.P. Boloban on Inspection in 1911 of the Regions of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Mukden Provinces Adjacent to the CER, with Respect to Agriculture and the Bread Industry). Harbin: Tipografiia Kitaiskoi Vostochnoi zheleznoi dorogi, 1912. Bong, InYoung. A White Race without Supremacy: Russians, Racial Hybridity, and Liminality in the Chinese Literature of Manchukuo. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 26, no. 1 (2014): 137-90. Borisov, B. Dal nii Vostok (The Far East). Vienna: Izdanie Novoi Rossii, 1921. Böttcher, Bernhard. Die Kolonne Ihrer Majestät. Briefe eines Arztes aus dem fernen Osten. Riga: Verlag von Jonck Poliewsky, 1904. Borodin, Aleksei, et al. Semeinye khroniki (Family Chronicles). Moscow: author s edition, 2000. Botkin,
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Index Ablamskii, Vladmir, 126 Acheng. See Ashihe Afanas ev, Mikhail, 149 Ah Cheng (Wang Acheng), 133-4, 214-15,236 Aigun, 22-3,26-7 Aigun Treaty, 4,15,19, 23-4 Akel, Friedrich, 227 Aleksandrovskii, Sergei, 259-60ո78 Alekseev, Evgenii, 51,71 Alexandria, 233, 235 Alsace, 146 Amur River, 16,22-6,29-30, 50-1, 136,204. See also Aigun Treaty An Chunggűn, 91 Anrep, Vasilii, 49-50 Anrep-Elmpt, Cecilia (grandmother of Roger Budberg), 38-9,48-9, 99, 149,161 Anrep-Elmpt, family, 35,38-9 Anrep-Elmpt, Helen ( Aunt Lonny ), 43,162 Anrep-Elmpt, Reinhold ( Uncle Raimond ), 38-40, 92 Antonoff, Nadezhda, 165 Antonova, Sophia, 147,150,164-5, 172 Argun River, 8,16,19-20,29 Arnold, Roman, 145,313nl7 Arsen ev, Vladimir, 84 Ashihe, 69,83,101,104,160-1,188, 207,237 Augustusburg (Obrzycko), 88, 111, 151,223 Australia, 9, 39,206,212,213,233, 279n28,295nl09 Avshalomov, Aaron, 309n30 Babii, Vladimir, 86 Baikov, Nikolai, 84,119 Bakich, Andrei, 203 Bakich, Mikhail, 213 Bakich, Olga, 204 Baltic Germans, 36-8,49-50,91,158, 172,220; in Harbin, 21,192; in First World War, 144r-6,151; and late tsarist Russia, 45-6,230-1; and Latvian Republic, 151-2,155-6; and nostalgia for the Baltic, 235; in Second World War, 223-7,229. See also Tartu banner system, 16,26-8,69,70,81 Baranov, Aleksei, 75 Baranov, Ippolit, 160-1,207 Baturin, Kirill, 121 Bauska, 40, 220 Beijing, 16,27,63, 72,95,100,110, 143,162,209,225; foreigners in, 7, 65, 78,88,114,130,136,146,147,
376 Index 161-2,176,183,206-8,236,238, 267ո82 Belloni, Giulio Andrea, 224 Bellona, Marie, 41,52,154-6,221,224 Bely, Andrei, З Bergmann, Georg, 298nl64 Beta, Boris, 318n93 Binjiang. See Fujiadian Blagoveshchensk, 10,22-7, 30,50,51, 60,110,209 Blumenfeld, Sergei, 298nl64 Bodune. See Songyuan Boodberg, Peter, 38,206 Borovskii, Nikolai, 134 Boxer Uprising, 5,22-9, 57, 78, 80,93, 101, ПО, 136,139; memory of, 23, 82,98,130,204 Brazil, 207-8, 224, 242 Bubnik, Leopold, 185-6 Bubnik, Luis, 155,159,164-6,171-2, 185-6,219,221,223,230-1 Bubníková, Anna, 185, 316n55 Budberg, Aleksei, 38,144 Budberg, Alexander (father), 35-6,40, 44,52-3,56, 235 Budberg, Alexander Paul, 37,54 Budberg, Alexandrine (mother), 35, 39,43-4,46,50,151-2 Budberg, Alexandrine (sister). See Paine, Alexandra Budberg, Annette, 37,219 Budberg, Antoinette (daughter). See under Popoff Budberg, Antoinette (sister). See under Raczyński Budberg, Cecile (sister). See under Diestelhorst Budberg, Elfriede (sister-in-law), 153, 155 Budberg, Gotthard (brother), 41,46, 56,152-3,155,219,257ո52 Budberg, Joseph (brother), 41,46-7, 90,101,153-5,219-21,286nl28 Budberg, Marie (sister). See under Belloni Budberg, Moura, 38,261n87 Budberg, Nikolai, 176,225,275n48 Budberg, Roger: childhood, family background, and education, chap. 2; work in Harbin, marriage, opinions and writings on China, and role in the plague epidemic of 1910, chap. 4; arrest and imprisonment, relations with siblings and friends, plague of 1920, book publications, turn to the occult, and death, chap. 6; appraisal, epilogue Budberg, Theodor, 37,144 Budberg, Wilhelm
(brother), 41,43-5, 154-5,219-23 Budberga village, 40-2 Bureau for the Affairs of Russian Emigrants in the Manchurian Empire (BREM), 8,192,207 California, 38,102,196,212 Canada, 68,260n81 cemeteries, 23,40-3,104,154,157, 181; and burial, 30-4,82-3,172-4, 202,241; destruction of, 212-14, 235 Chang Shun, 28-9 Changbai Mountains, 14,314n26 Changchun, 5, 9,52,94,124,195,205 Chefoo, 21,29,78,161 Chen Jiying, 212 Cheng Dequan, 28 Chiang Kai-shek, 179-80,183 Chile, 223-4,314n21 Chilikin, Vasilii, 298nl67 Chinese Civil War, 198-9 Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), 5-6, 8,29,33-4,56,64-80 (passim), 90-2, 112,125,129-31,135,144-50,156-7, 168,189,201-5; Chinese employees
Index of, 65, 72,131,157; sale to Japan, 8, 66, 76,78,193-4,203 Chinese Revolution (1911), 16, 71, 104,142-3,225 Chistiakov, Petr, 163-4,239 Chita, 5,51,184 cholera, 47,91,112,174,187 Christian Science, 162 Christie, Dugald, 285nll8 Chuguevskii, Leonid, 206-7 Churin s department store (Harbin), 125-6,144,228 Cixi, 102 Coltman, Robert, 33 Commercial School (Harbin), 64, 69-70,165,204-5 Confucius, 96,108,117,157,172,209 Corps of Pages, 38-9 Cossacks, 16,19-20,50, 72,92-3,139, 176,189-92,206,230-2; during the Boxer Uprising, 20, 24-5; in Manchukuo period, 191-2. See also Trekhrech e Coué, Émile, 186 Courland, 35-6,40, 43,46-7, 51,134, 192,220,235,260ո80, 317ո72; in First World War, 144,151 Cultural Revolution, 9,132,210, 212-15,236 Dairen. See Dalian Dalian, 5,32,62,142,176,184,209,242 Dal nii. See Dalian Daoli, 6, 62,86,89-90,110,128,134-5, 167,202,210; contrasted with Fujiadian, 128; Kitaiskaia (Chinese) Street in, 86,126,150,173,187,189, 214-15 Daowai. See Fujiadian Daugava River, 44-6 Deich, Lev, 25 Dement, Sergei, 195-6 Deng Jiemin, 68,137 377 D iakov, Ivan, 188-9 Diestelhorst, Cecile, 41,56,154-5, 160,167,221,293n77 Dimitrii, Bishop, 304n70 Diplomatic Bureaux (jiaosheju), 6, 70-1, 75-6 Dombrovskii, Pavel, 53 Dorpat. See Tartu Du Xueying, 284n99 Eliason, Iulii, 149 Erdberg, Oskar, 138 Eshchin, Leonid, 128,130,241 Estonia (and Estland), 43,45,47-50, 114,145,146,151-2,172,174, 224-5,227,230; Budberg relatives in, 38,56,155,162. See also Baltic Germans; Tartu Eurasianism, 76-7,158 Faculty of Law (Harbin), 66, 74, 78, 195,196,208 Faraj (?), Abdallah, 41-2,52,235 Fascist Party
in Harbin, 8, 74,192,203 Fedorov, Nikolai, 78 feng shui, 31,137,209 Feng Yuxiang, 179,183 Freytag von Loringhoven, Léocardie, 46 Fujiadian, 5-6,10, 65, 70,88,104, 122-4,128-9,135,146,149,154, 156,160,170,173,187,202,207, 210,238,241; during plague of 1910,110-13,115 Fujin, 33 Gao Mang, 309n29 Gemauert Poniemon. See Poniemon Goldingen. See Kuldiga Göldner, Jan Alexander, 90,165 Gondatti, Nikolai, 168 Gongzhuling, 94 Grause, Iurii, 207 Gribskii, Konstantin, 24-6
378 Grosberg, Oskar, 158,172 Grotthuss, Barons, 42-3, 315n30 Guins, Georgii, 196-7 Guo Zongxi, 71 Habsburg Empire, 147,218,230 Hailar, 17,146,171 Hailun, 147,186 Halun-Arshan, 171 Han Jingsheng, 309n29 Hankou, 127,183,267n82 Harbinites (kharbintsy), 8-9,137, 201-8,233-6, 241 Heihe, 26,195 Heymann, Leonfried, 317n72 Hintze, Mikhail, and Hintze family, 64, 314nl7 Hong Kong, 40,188,232-3,238 Hu Hong, 211 Huían, 85,104,107,144,184,186, 289n29 Hunchun, 177 Iankovskaia, Viktorba, 314ո21 Iľina, Nataľia, 282n70 Imperial Chinese Maritime Customs, 161 interpreters, 6,57-61,64, 68,161, 169,182,195-6,206; training of, 37, 57-8, 74,195 Irkutsk, 28, 37,145,148,177 Itõ Hirobumi, 91-2 Iugovich, Alexander, 125 Ivanov, Nikolai, 53 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 76-9,191,193, 241 Ivanovskii, Aleksei, 243n2,274n43 Izako circus, 135 Japanese in Harbin, 6,122,126,130, 147-8,187-98 Jews, 21,41,46,65, 77,80, 86,128, 153,188,192,212,223,230,232, Index 233; and anti-Semitism, 25,108-9, 203; and Israel, 9, 69,207,234-5 Ji Fengtai, 61-3,118,134,177 Jia Shuhua, 238-9 Jiandao (now Yanbian), 18,118 Jiang Chunfang, 135-6 Jilin (town), 147,214 Jin Chang, 28 Jin Jianxiao, 135-6 Jinan, 77,181-4 Jurchens, 83,160 Kaifeng, 27, 77,183 Kalacs, Jānis, 226-7 Kalmykov, Ivan, 177 Kaspe, Iosif, 209 Katajs, Edgars, 206-7 Katz, Galia, ЗОбпИб Kaufman, Aleksandr, 25 Kaufman, Teddy, 234 Kawashima Yoshiko, 62 Kazakhstan, 9,45,206 Kazan, 37 Kegel, Richard, 157,289n29 Kerzhenets River, 219-20 Keyserlingk family, 219 Khabarovsk, 10,30,51,60-1, 63,84, 149 Khaindrova, Lydia, 242 Kheidok, Aľfred, 192-3,206 Khilkov, Stepan, 33 Khorvat,
Camilla, 65,207 Khorvat, Dmitrii, 6-7,64-5, 72,118, 145,148-9 khunkhuzy (hong /иш), 52,59,79,81, 92-4,96, 98,119,145,168,182,186, 195; used in warfare, 62,146,177 Kiakhta, 10,17, 79,286nl28 Kirchev, Nikolai, 151 Kiselev, Aaron, 144 Klerzhe, Georgii, 175-6,184 Koch, Wilhelm, 47-8,90
379 Index Kochendörffer, Konstantin, 51-3 Kokovtsov, Vladimir, 91-2 Kolchak, Alexander, 38, 78,148-9, 175,177 Kolosova, Marianna, 224 Komarov, Petr, 197-8 Komarovskaia, Esther, 109-10 Korea, Russians in, 77,314n21 Koreans, 17-18,65, 91,118,125,139, 187,189,207,280n48,282n75 Korganov, Leon, 176 Kornilov, Ivan, 169 Kostrov, Innokentii, 182-3 Kowalski, Władisław, 209 Kramer, Paul, 53,90 Kravkov, Vasilii, 139 Krieglstein, Eugen, 274n24 Krusenstem-Peterets, Iustina, and Krusenstem family, 146,314nl7 Kuanchengzi, 52,99-100 Kudlaenko, Dmitrii, 175,184 Kuldiga, 46-7,109 Kulebiakin, Gavriil, 176 Kunst Albers, 144 Kuroki Chikayochi, 175,176 Kuropatkin, Aleksei, 54 Kwantung leasehold, 32,58,71 Lachinov, Vasilii, 72 Lahasusu. See Tongjiang Lattimore, Owen, 33, 98,139,195 Latvia (and Livland), 35-6,40-3, 45-6,53,151-6,174,177,192, 220,224-6,317n72. See also Baltic Germans; Riga Laufer, Berthold, 92 legal status of Harbin Russians, 7, 10-11,131,138,181,194,199-200, 202-3,214 Li Ruizhen (wife of Roger Budberg), 87-8,101-8,145,149-50,154,158, 161,164,170,174,175,184-5,232 Li Shaogeng, 70 Li Yanling, 209 Liaozuo sanren. See Liu Jingyan Liège, 12,184,186 Lieven, Anatol, 225 Lieven, Maria, 260n82 Lieven, Paul, 53,149 Lithuania, 36,38,40-1,125,152, 154-5,229,231 Liu Jingyan, 122,124,137,195 Liu Zhe, 71 Liuba, Vladimir, 58 Lobanov, Mikhail, 207 Loginov, Vasilii, 283n85 Lopato, Iľia, 149 Loti, Pierre, 119 Lu Xun, 310ո40 Lundstrem, Oleg, 127 Ma Zhanshan, 63 Ma Zhongjun, 70-1,214 Magaram, Eliazar, 120-1 magnetism, 164-5 Magnushof, 41,44-5,56,144,154-5, 220 Maimaigai, 53-4 Majiagou, 71,135,167,202
Makaroff, Victor, 102-3 Manchukuo, 3,8,21, 70, 74,122,189, 191-8,203, 207, 213,219,224-5,232 Manchuria: native peoples of, 16-17, 25, 31, 33, 84; Soviet occupation of (1945), 9,63,137,184,195-200,206, 213,236; term, 3,197 Manchus, 14-16,26,33-4,69, 81,1015,168,170,184-5,225,231-2,239 Manzhouli, 17, 72,177,189 Mao Hong, 80,117,195 Mao ershan, 188 Maria Fedorovna, Empress, 50 Mart, Venedikt, 123 Martini, Erich, 141-2
380 Index Matiushenskii, Aleksandr, 248n54 Mefodii, Archbishop, 164,169 Melikhov, Georgii, 206-7,234 Mēmele River, 35,40-1,44 Mennonites, 221 Migdisov, Stepan, 150,172,298nl64 Milosz, Czeslaw, 38 Molokans, 22-3,25,29 Mongolia, 3,8,28, 73, 76, 78-9,145, 171,177, 188-9,192,195 Mongols, 16-17,20-1,28,34,69,92, 176,230-1 Moor, The. See Faraj (?), Abdallah motherland/fatherland, 35, 61-2,91, 146,196,198,202,204,220,224-5, 227-9,234,242,288n27, ЗЮпЗб, 315n43,317n72 Mudanjiang, 16,197 Mukden, 6,7,14,28,29,53,54,77,83, 114,142,146-7,149,169,175,179, 184,207,285nll8 Mukden Agreement, 7,202 Munthe, Alexandra, 162 Munthe, Johan W.N., 161-3,170-1, 241 Muraoka, Kumiko, 239 Nangang, 6,65, 66, 71, 89,125,127, 137,165,202,205,212-13,215 Nanking (Nanjing), 70, 80,183 native peoples of Manchuria. See under Manchuria Nazi Germany, 198,223-6,229,231 Nechaev, Konstantin, 178-84 Nenjiang, 16,146 Nestor, Bishop, 188 New Town (Novyi gorod). See Nangang Nicholas II, Tsar, 22,37,50,54,153 Ning an, 33,197 Ningbo, 161 Ninguta. See Ning an Nurhachi, 27,83 Old Believers, 8,21-2,29,191,220 Old Harbin. See Xiangfang Olmert, Mordechai, 68-9,136 Omsk, 149,151,153,177 Ossendowski, Ferdynand, 150 Ostroumov, Boris, 7,122,131,156, 168,170,172,186 Ostroumova, Olga, 168 Paine, Alexandra, 41,43,56,154-5 Paine, Tamara, 156 Palladii, Archimandrite, 269nll2 Pan, Otto, 298nl64 Peking. See Beijing Pereleshin, Valerii, 208,241,242 Permiakov, Georgii, 206-7 Pemikoff, Alexandre, 304n75 Peterets, Nikolai, 282n77 Philippines, 224 P iankovich, Viacheslav, 163 pidgin, 25,30,48, 79-86,129,132, 138-9,182,196-7,241 plague,
102,109-15,141-2, 150,154, 156-9,172,174,187,237-9 Pleshkov, Mikhail, 178 Poland, 21,36,38, 88, 151,153,223-5, 229,247n46,307nll9,318n89 Polytechnic Institute (Harbin), 66-72, 74,78,195,205,212,233 Poniemon, 40-5,52,56,105,152, 154-6,220, 226,235 Ponosov, Vladimir, 159-60 Popoff, Antoinette, 87-8,104-5, 149-50,158-9,162,165,170,172, 174,175,184-6 Popoff, Nikolai, 175-6,178,184-6, 275n48 Popoff, Victor, 12,176,186,303n61 Popov, Georgii, 290n52 Popov, Mikhail, 172 Port Arthur, 4,5,28,32,51,62, 71, 118,197,311n53 POWs, 147-8,198,229
Index Pozdneev, Aleksei, 24 Pozdneev, Dmitril, 243ո2 Pratt, Emmanuel, 207 Pristan . See Daoli prostitution, 39,85,90, 94-5,104,110, 120-1,123-4,147-8,157,162,194, 196,282n69,294nl03 Przhevalsky, Nikolai, 20,276n78 Puyi, 8,62,206,232 Qingdao, 124,141,193 Qiqihar, 16,26-8,60,68,139,147,209, 267n82 Qu Qiubai, 72-3 queue, 31,61,79,112,118-19,141-3 Rabe von Pappenheim, Werner, 146 Rachinskaia, Elizaveta, 313nl7 Raczyński, Andreas, 223 Raczyński, Antoinette, 39,41, 43-5,52,53,88,109,149,151,154, 172,184,186,220-1,223; Roger Budberg s letters to, 39,49, 88, 90, 100, 111, 149,161-2,224,253nl Raczyński, Joseph A., 45,185-6,223, 253nl Raczyński, Sigismund, 223 Raczyński, Edward Bernard, 223 Raupach, Friedrich, 90,144,171, 291n58,298nl64,299nl74,300nl81 Reni, Wilhelm, 291n58 Rennenkampf, Pavel, 27,53,144-5 repatriation, 8-9, 78,120,146,187, 194, 200,204,207,219,225-32, 234, 238-40 Richter, Otto, 53,91 Riga, 36,39,40-1,43-7,50,52,56, 151-3,156,158,172,224,226,233, 235 Rimsky-Korsakoff Dyer, Svetlana, 206 Riutin, Martem ian, 148 Roerich, Helena, 163 381 Roerich, Nicholas, 163-4,192-3,207 Roerich, Vladimir, 163 Rosicrucian Order, 163-5,239 Rufina (nun), 168-9,193 Russian Civil War, 7,21,38,116,17580,187,197,202,213-14,219 Russian Red Cross, 49-53, 91,149, 173 Russian Revolution (1905), 54-5,208 Russian Revolution (1917), in Harbin, 148 Russo-Japanese War, 5,49-54,57-8, 63,80,90-4,116,124,134,136,139, 148-9,165,174,177,180,202,227; interpreters in, 57,74; memory of, 197,213 St Nicholas Cathedral (Harbin), 82, 137-9,198,209-10,212-13,215-16, 236-7 St Nicholas of Myra, 138,139,188, 210 St
Sophia Cathedral (Harbin), 118, 210-11,237 Sakhalian, 22,25-6 Sanxing. See Yilan Savitskii, Petr, 76 Segalen, Victor, 295nll9 Semenov, Grigorii, 176-8,184,191, 206 Serebrennikov, Ivan, 78-9 Setnitskii, Nikolai, 78 Seuberlich, Wolfgang, 206,268nl04 Severnyi, Pavel, 119-21,145-6,227-8 Shandong, 5,18,21,30, 33,61-3, 69, 119,125,141-2,180-1,183, 214,232 Shanghai, 85,127,151,158,161,193; compared with Harbin, 6,10,60, 117,122,202,237; Russians in, 8, 77-8,119-21,165,171,181,193, 202,207 Shangzhi, 165 Shchegolev, Nikolai, 279n26
382 Index Shenyang. See Mukden Shi Yi, 309n29 Shields, Jody, 318n85 Shilka River, 20,50 Shirokogoroff, Sergei, 26 Shkurkin, Pavel, 84,118,134,140,147 Shou Chang, 28 Shou Shan, 26-8 Shteinfeľd, Nikolai, 202 Shuangcheng, 69,101 Sie Grabowski, Jerzy, 117 sinology in Harbin, 24, 73-9,84,134, 140,160,203-7 Siping, 54, 94 Sisson documents, 150,159 Sjödro, 52-3,56,105,174 Slizhikov, Arkadii, 175-6 Solov ev, Vladimir, 78 Song Xiaolian, 71-3,129,214 Songhua River. See Sungari Songyuan, 148,289n29 Soskin, Semen, 209 South Manchuria Railway (SMR), 5, 62,68,195 Soviet occupation of Manchuria. See under Manchuria Spitsyn, Aleksandr, 75 Spurgot, Mikhail, 282n77 Sretensk, 50-1 Starikov, Vladimir, 206-7 Stern, Hellmut, 80 Stöffler, August, 146-7,150-1,157, 241 Storozhev, Vladimir, 206 Suifenhe, 17,18, 72,169,177 Sun Chuanfang, 182-3 Sun Yunxuan, 69,125,212 Sungari River, 6,16,24,30,33,49, 89-90,132-4,138-9,148,168,171, 174,187-8,193,198,207,213,237; bathing in, 121-3,128,185; floods of, 187,213 Sungurov, Antonin, 207 Svetlov, Nikolai, 309n33 Sýkorová, Věra, 206 Sze, Sao-ке Alfred, 93^1,108,142-3 Taiwan, 4, 70,212,239 Tallinn, 50,172,185,224,227,235 Tartu (and Dorpat University), 45-50, 53,56, 90-1,104,114-15,143,170, 172,184-5,225,227,233,235; Tartu graduates in Harbin, 90,109,150, 152,165,298nl64 Taskin, Vsevolod, 206-7 Taskina, Elena, 234 Tcherepnin, Alexander, 207-8 theosophy, 162,164 Three Rivers area. See Trekhrech e Tianjin, 8,29, 68, 77,78,100,161, 181-2,184,202,207,242 Tieling, 93 Tientsin. See Tianjin Tiflis, 37,52 Tifontai. See Ji Fengtai Tobolsk, 152-3 Todenwarth, Paul Wolff,
147 tolkai-tolkai, 132-3,196,207 Tolmachev, Vladimir, 160 Tomson, Leonhardt, 144 Tongjiang, 30,33,61 Trautschold, Wilhelm, 144 Trekhrech e, 8,29,116,189-90,195 Trubetzkoy, Nikolai, 76 Ufa, 153,155,159,163-4,219,221, 223,231 Ukrainians, 20-1,65,230-1 Ungern-Stemberg, Roman, 145,177, 193,231,296nll9 Usov, Sergei, 74 Ussuri River and region, 4,15,17, 19,29 Vasil chikov, Boris, 50-2 Vertinsky, Alexander, 228
383 Index Vladivostok, 10,17,19,28,58, 60-1, 63,84,88,144,169; Oriental Institute in, 24, 74-5, 206 Vortisch-van Vloten, Hermann, 142 Wang Fengrui, 68 Wen Peiyun, 209 Wlad, Franz, 289n29 Wrangel, Petr, 58,79 Wu Baixiang, 137 Wu Junsheng, 186 Wu Lien-teh, 113-14,142,237-9 Wu Peifu, 177,179 Wyrzykowski, Władysław, 147 Xenia Aleksandrovna, Grand Duchess, 50 Xiangfang, 65, 71 Xiao Hong, 33,85-6,117,131,188, 193 Xiao Jun, 85-6,117,193,309n36 Xinjiang, 15,188 Yakeshi, 188 Yilan, 30-1,33-4,139 Yin Chang, 162 YMCA, 205-7,233 Yuan Shikai, 71,161 Zabolotny, Danylo, 112-14,158 Zaili hui, 57 Zamesova, Aleksandra, 172,223,231 Zdanskii, Konstantin, 307nll9 Zeng Yizhi, 236 Zhalantun, 28 Zhang Tingge, 63 Zhang Xueliang, 8,178,180,183,184, 186,212 Zhang Zongchang, 177-84 Zhang Zuolin, 7,138,169,175,17780,184,186 Zhao Erxun, 64-5,143 Zheltuga, 204 Zheng Xingwen, 125 Zhifu. See Chefoo Zhong-De-Hua (daughter of Roger Budberg). See Popoff, Antoinette Zhou Mian, 60,263n35,284n99 Zhu Shipu, 235-6 Zoege von Manteuffel, Werner, 50 fІ Staatsbibliothek Bayerische ļ I München 1
Contents List of Illustrations ix Introduction 3 1 Of Ethnicity and Identity 14 2 Beginnings 35 3 Intermediaries and Channels of Communication 57 4 A Chinese-German Flower 87 5 Daily Life in a Mixed City 116 6 Trials and Endings 141 7 Russians and Chinese under Japanese Rule 175 8 Kharbintsy and Ha erbin ren 201 Epilogue: The General and the Particular 218 Notes 243 Glossary of Chinese Terms 321 Bibliography 331 Index 375
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Bibliography Archival and Unpublished Sources Family Papers in Private Possession Köhler family albums, Hamburg, Germany. Popoff family papers and albums, Liège, Belgium. Courtesy of the late Victor Popoff. Raczyński family papers and albums, Santiago, Chile. Courtesy of the Raczyński family. Raczyński, Joseph A., ed. ‘Lebenserinnerung' meiner Mutter. Notizen zur Geschichte der Familie Budberg. Unpublished typescript, Munich, 1980-1. Courtesy of the Raczyński family. Cited as Lebenserinnerung. - Roger Budberg: Briefe an seine Schwester Antoinette 1903-1925. Unpublished typescript, Munich, 1986. Courtesy of the Raczyński family. Cited as Briefe. Unpublished Secondary Sources Lackschewitz, Klas, genealogy of Barons von Bönninghausen gen. Budberg, the extinct line Gemauert-Poniemon. Typescript (2002). Courtesy of the author. Interviews Author's interview with Victor Popoff. Liège, Belgium, August 2005. Author's interviews in Budberga village, Latvia, October 2008. Author's interviews with former Harbin residents (identified and dated in the text). Esther Kallen, née Komarovskaia, interview with family members in Washington, DC, 17 October 1965. Recording, courtesy of Eugene Lipkowitz, Wyckoff, NJ.
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Index Ablamskii, Vladmir, 126 Acheng. See Ashihe Afanas'ev, Mikhail, 149 Ah Cheng (Wang Acheng), 133-4, 214-15,236 Aigun, 22-3,26-7 Aigun Treaty, 4,15,19, 23-4 Akel, Friedrich, 227 Aleksandrovskii, Sergei, 259-60ո78 Alekseev, Evgenii, 51,71 Alexandria, 233, 235 Alsace, 146 Amur River, 16,22-6,29-30, 50-1, 136,204. See also Aigun Treaty An Chunggűn, 91 Anrep, Vasilii, 49-50 Anrep-Elmpt, Cecilia (grandmother of Roger Budberg), 38-9,48-9, 99, 149,161 Anrep-Elmpt, family, 35,38-9 Anrep-Elmpt, Helen ("Aunt Lonny"), 43,162 Anrep-Elmpt, Reinhold ("Uncle Raimond"), 38-40, 92 Antonoff, Nadezhda, 165 Antonova, Sophia, 147,150,164-5, 172 Argun River, 8,16,19-20,29 Arnold, Roman, 145,313nl7 Arsen'ev, Vladimir, 84 Ashihe, 69,83,101,104,160-1,188, 207,237 Augustusburg (Obrzycko), 88, 111, 151,223 Australia, 9, 39,206,212,213,233, 279n28,295nl09 Avshalomov, Aaron, 309n30 Babii, Vladimir, 86 Baikov, Nikolai, 84,119 Bakich, Andrei, 203 Bakich, Mikhail, 213 Bakich, Olga, 204 Baltic Germans, 36-8,49-50,91,158, 172,220; in Harbin, 21,192; in First World War, 144r-6,151; and late tsarist Russia, 45-6,230-1; and Latvian Republic, 151-2,155-6; and nostalgia for the Baltic, 235; in Second World War, 223-7,229. See also Tartu banner system, 16,26-8,69,70,81 Baranov, Aleksei, 75 Baranov, Ippolit, 160-1,207 Baturin, Kirill, 121 Bauska, 40, 220 Beijing, 16,27,63, 72,95,100,110, 143,162,209,225; foreigners in, 7, 65, 78,88,114,130,136,146,147,
376 Index 161-2,176,183,206-8,236,238, 267ո82 Belloni, Giulio Andrea, 224 Bellona, Marie, 41,52,154-6,221,224 Bely, Andrei, З Bergmann, Georg, 298nl64 Beta, Boris, 318n93 Binjiang. See Fujiadian Blagoveshchensk, 10,22-7, 30,50,51, 60,110,209 Blumenfeld, Sergei, 298nl64 Bodune. See Songyuan Boodberg, Peter, 38,206 Borovskii, Nikolai, 134 Boxer Uprising, 5,22-9, 57, 78, 80,93, 101, ПО, 136,139; memory of, 23, 82,98,130,204 Brazil, 207-8, 224, 242 Bubnik, Leopold, 185-6 Bubnik, Luis, 155,159,164-6,171-2, 185-6,219,221,223,230-1 Bubníková, Anna, 185, 316n55 Budberg, Aleksei, 38,144 Budberg, Alexander (father), 35-6,40, 44,52-3,56, 235 Budberg, Alexander Paul, 37,54 Budberg, Alexandrine (mother), 35, 39,43-4,46,50,151-2 Budberg, Alexandrine (sister). See Paine, Alexandra Budberg, Annette, 37,219 Budberg, Antoinette (daughter). See under Popoff Budberg, Antoinette (sister). See under Raczyński Budberg, Cecile (sister). See under Diestelhorst Budberg, Elfriede (sister-in-law), 153, 155 Budberg, Gotthard (brother), 41,46, 56,152-3,155,219,257ո52 Budberg, Joseph (brother), 41,46-7, 90,101,153-5,219-21,286nl28 Budberg, Marie (sister). See under Belloni Budberg, Moura, 38,261n87 Budberg, Nikolai, 176,225,275n48 Budberg, Roger: childhood, family background, and education, chap. 2; work in Harbin, marriage, opinions and writings on China, and role in the plague epidemic of 1910, chap. 4; arrest and imprisonment, relations with siblings and friends, plague of 1920, book publications, turn to the occult, and death, chap. 6; appraisal, epilogue Budberg, Theodor, 37,144 Budberg, Wilhelm
(brother), 41,43-5, 154-5,219-23 Budberga village, 40-2 Bureau for the Affairs of Russian Emigrants in the Manchurian Empire (BREM), 8,192,207 California, 38,102,196,212 Canada, 68,260n81 cemeteries, 23,40-3,104,154,157, 181; and burial, 30-4,82-3,172-4, 202,241; destruction of, 212-14, 235 Chang Shun, 28-9 Changbai Mountains, 14,314n26 Changchun, 5, 9,52,94,124,195,205 Chefoo, 21,29,78,161 Chen Jiying, 212 Cheng Dequan, 28 Chiang Kai-shek, 179-80,183 Chile, 223-4,314n21 Chilikin, Vasilii, 298nl67 Chinese Civil War, 198-9 Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), 5-6, 8,29,33-4,56,64-80 (passim), 90-2, 112,125,129-31,135,144-50,156-7, 168,189,201-5; Chinese employees
Index of, 65, 72,131,157; sale to Japan, 8, 66, 76,78,193-4,203 Chinese Revolution (1911), 16, 71, 104,142-3,225 Chistiakov, Petr, 163-4,239 Chita, 5,51,184 cholera, 47,91,112,174,187 Christian Science, 162 Christie, Dugald, 285nll8 Chuguevskii, Leonid, 206-7 Churin's department store (Harbin), 125-6,144,228 Cixi, 102 Coltman, Robert, 33 Commercial School (Harbin), 64, 69-70,165,204-5 Confucius, 96,108,117,157,172,209 Corps of Pages, 38-9 Cossacks, 16,19-20,50, 72,92-3,139, 176,189-92,206,230-2; during the Boxer Uprising, 20, 24-5; in Manchukuo period, 191-2. See also Trekhrech'e Coué, Émile, 186 Courland, 35-6,40, 43,46-7, 51,134, 192,220,235,260ո80, 317ո72; in First World War, 144,151 Cultural Revolution, 9,132,210, 212-15,236 Dairen. See Dalian Dalian, 5,32,62,142,176,184,209,242 Dal'nii. See Dalian Daoli, 6, 62,86,89-90,110,128,134-5, 167,202,210; contrasted with Fujiadian, 128; Kitaiskaia (Chinese) Street in, 86,126,150,173,187,189, 214-15 Daowai. See Fujiadian Daugava River, 44-6 Deich, Lev, 25 Dement, Sergei, 195-6 Deng Jiemin, 68,137 377 D'iakov, Ivan, 188-9 Diestelhorst, Cecile, 41,56,154-5, 160,167,221,293n77 Dimitrii, Bishop, 304n70 Diplomatic Bureaux (jiaosheju), 6, 70-1, 75-6 Dombrovskii, Pavel, 53 Dorpat. See Tartu Du Xueying, 284n99 Eliason, Iulii, 149 Erdberg, Oskar, 138 Eshchin, Leonid, 128,130,241 Estonia (and Estland), 43,45,47-50, 114,145,146,151-2,172,174, 224-5,227,230; Budberg relatives in, 38,56,155,162. See also Baltic Germans; Tartu Eurasianism, 76-7,158 Faculty of Law (Harbin), 66, 74, 78, 195,196,208 Faraj (?), Abdallah, 41-2,52,235 Fascist Party
in Harbin, 8, 74,192,203 Fedorov, Nikolai, 78 feng shui, 31,137,209 Feng Yuxiang, 179,183 Freytag von Loringhoven, Léocardie, 46 Fujiadian, 5-6,10, 65, 70,88,104, 122-4,128-9,135,146,149,154, 156,160,170,173,187,202,207, 210,238,241; during plague of 1910,110-13,115 Fujin, 33 Gao Mang, 309n29 Gemauert Poniemon. See Poniemon Goldingen. See Kuldiga Göldner, Jan Alexander, 90,165 Gondatti, Nikolai, 168 Gongzhuling, 94 Grause, Iurii, 207 Gribskii, Konstantin, 24-6
378 Grosberg, Oskar, 158,172 Grotthuss, Barons, 42-3, 315n30 Guins, Georgii, 196-7 Guo Zongxi, 71 Habsburg Empire, 147,218,230 Hailar, 17,146,171 Hailun, 147,186 Halun-Arshan, 171 Han Jingsheng, 309n29 Hankou, 127,183,267n82 Harbinites (kharbintsy), 8-9,137, 201-8,233-6, 241 Heihe, 26,195 Heymann, Leonfried, 317n72 Hintze, Mikhail, and Hintze family, 64, 314nl7 Hong Kong, 40,188,232-3,238 Hu Hong, 211 Huían, 85,104,107,144,184,186, 289n29 Hunchun, 177 Iankovskaia, Viktorba, 314ո21 Iľina, Nataľia, 282n70 Imperial Chinese Maritime Customs, 161 interpreters, 6,57-61,64, 68,161, 169,182,195-6,206; training of, 37, 57-8, 74,195 Irkutsk, 28, 37,145,148,177 Itõ Hirobumi, 91-2 Iugovich, Alexander, 125 Ivanov, Nikolai, 53 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 76-9,191,193, 241 Ivanovskii, Aleksei, 243n2,274n43 Izako circus, 135 Japanese in Harbin, 6,122,126,130, 147-8,187-98 Jews, 21,41,46,65, 77,80, 86,128, 153,188,192,212,223,230,232, Index 233; and anti-Semitism, 25,108-9, 203; and Israel, 9, 69,207,234-5 Ji Fengtai, 61-3,118,134,177 Jia Shuhua, 238-9 Jiandao (now Yanbian), 18,118 Jiang Chunfang, 135-6 Jilin (town), 147,214 Jin Chang, 28 Jin Jianxiao, 135-6 Jinan, 77,181-4 Jurchens, 83,160 Kaifeng, 27, 77,183 Kalacs, Jānis, 226-7 Kalmykov, Ivan, 177 Kaspe, Iosif, 209 Katajs, Edgars, 206-7 Katz, Galia, ЗОбпИб Kaufman, Aleksandr, 25 Kaufman, Teddy, 234 Kawashima Yoshiko, 62 Kazakhstan, 9,45,206 Kazan, 37 Kegel, Richard, 157,289n29 Kerzhenets River, 219-20 Keyserlingk family, 219 Khabarovsk, 10,30,51,60-1, 63,84, 149 Khaindrova, Lydia, 242 Kheidok, Aľfred, 192-3,206 Khilkov, Stepan, 33 Khorvat,
Camilla, 65,207 Khorvat, Dmitrii, 6-7,64-5, 72,118, 145,148-9 khunkhuzy (hong /иш), 52,59,79,81, 92-4,96, 98,119,145,168,182,186, 195; used in warfare, 62,146,177 Kiakhta, 10,17, 79,286nl28 Kirchev, Nikolai, 151 Kiselev, Aaron, 144 Klerzhe, Georgii, 175-6,184 Koch, Wilhelm, 47-8,90
379 Index Kochendörffer, Konstantin, 51-3 Kokovtsov, Vladimir, 91-2 Kolchak, Alexander, 38, 78,148-9, 175,177 Kolosova, Marianna, 224 Komarov, Petr, 197-8 Komarovskaia, Esther, 109-10 Korea, Russians in, 77,314n21 Koreans, 17-18,65, 91,118,125,139, 187,189,207,280n48,282n75 Korganov, Leon, 176 Kornilov, Ivan, 169 Kostrov, Innokentii, 182-3 Kowalski, Władisław, 209 Kramer, Paul, 53,90 Kravkov, Vasilii, 139 Krieglstein, Eugen, 274n24 Krusenstem-Peterets, Iustina, and Krusenstem family, 146,314nl7 Kuanchengzi, 52,99-100 Kudlaenko, Dmitrii, 175,184 Kuldiga, 46-7,109 Kulebiakin, Gavriil, 176 Kunst Albers, 144 Kuroki Chikayochi, 175,176 Kuropatkin, Aleksei, 54 Kwantung leasehold, 32,58,71 Lachinov, Vasilii, 72 Lahasusu. See Tongjiang Lattimore, Owen, 33, 98,139,195 Latvia (and Livland), 35-6,40-3, 45-6,53,151-6,174,177,192, 220,224-6,317n72. See also Baltic Germans; Riga Laufer, Berthold, 92 legal status of Harbin Russians, 7, 10-11,131,138,181,194,199-200, 202-3,214 Li Ruizhen (wife of Roger Budberg), 87-8,101-8,145,149-50,154,158, 161,164,170,174,175,184-5,232 Li Shaogeng, 70 Li Yanling, 209 Liaozuo sanren. See Liu Jingyan Liège, 12,184,186 Lieven, Anatol, 225 Lieven, Maria, 260n82 Lieven, Paul, 53,149 Lithuania, 36,38,40-1,125,152, 154-5,229,231 Liu Jingyan, 122,124,137,195 Liu Zhe, 71 Liuba, Vladimir, 58 Lobanov, Mikhail, 207 Loginov, Vasilii, 283n85 Lopato, Iľia, 149 Loti, Pierre, 119 Lu Xun, 310ո40 Lundstrem, Oleg, 127 Ma Zhanshan, 63 Ma Zhongjun, 70-1,214 Magaram, Eliazar, 120-1 magnetism, 164-5 Magnushof, 41,44-5,56,144,154-5, 220 Maimaigai, 53-4 Majiagou, 71,135,167,202
Makaroff, Victor, 102-3 Manchukuo, 3,8,21, 70, 74,122,189, 191-8,203, 207, 213,219,224-5,232 Manchuria: native peoples of, 16-17, 25, 31, 33, 84; Soviet occupation of (1945), 9,63,137,184,195-200,206, 213,236; term, 3,197 Manchus, 14-16,26,33-4,69, 81,1015,168,170,184-5,225,231-2,239 Manzhouli, 17, 72,177,189 Mao Hong, 80,117,195 Mao'ershan, 188 Maria Fedorovna, Empress, 50 Mart, Venedikt, 123 Martini, Erich, 141-2
380 Index Matiushenskii, Aleksandr, 248n54 Mefodii, Archbishop, 164,169 Melikhov, Georgii, 206-7,234 Mēmele River, 35,40-1,44 Mennonites, 221 Migdisov, Stepan, 150,172,298nl64 Milosz, Czeslaw, 38 Molokans, 22-3,25,29 Mongolia, 3,8,28, 73, 76, 78-9,145, 171,177, 188-9,192,195 Mongols, 16-17,20-1,28,34,69,92, 176,230-1 "Moor, The." See Faraj (?), Abdallah motherland/fatherland, 35, 61-2,91, 146,196,198,202,204,220,224-5, 227-9,234,242,288n27, ЗЮпЗб, 315n43,317n72 Mudanjiang, 16,197 Mukden, 6,7,14,28,29,53,54,77,83, 114,142,146-7,149,169,175,179, 184,207,285nll8 Mukden Agreement, 7,202 Munthe, Alexandra, 162 Munthe, Johan W.N., 161-3,170-1, 241 Muraoka, Kumiko, 239 Nangang, 6,65, 66, 71, 89,125,127, 137,165,202,205,212-13,215 Nanking (Nanjing), 70, 80,183 native peoples of Manchuria. See under Manchuria Nazi Germany, 198,223-6,229,231 Nechaev, Konstantin, 178-84 Nenjiang, 16,146 Nestor, Bishop, 188 New Town (Novyi gorod). See Nangang Nicholas II, Tsar, 22,37,50,54,153 Ning'an, 33,197 Ningbo, 161 Ninguta. See Ning'an Nurhachi, 27,83 Old Believers, 8,21-2,29,191,220 Old Harbin. See Xiangfang Olmert, Mordechai, 68-9,136 Omsk, 149,151,153,177 Ossendowski, Ferdynand, 150 Ostroumov, Boris, 7,122,131,156, 168,170,172,186 Ostroumova, Olga, 168 Paine, Alexandra, 41,43,56,154-5 Paine, Tamara, 156 Palladii, Archimandrite, 269nll2 Pan, Otto, 298nl64 Peking. See Beijing Pereleshin, Valerii, 208,241,242 Permiakov, Georgii, 206-7 Pemikoff, Alexandre, 304n75 Peterets, Nikolai, 282n77 Philippines, 224 P'iankovich, Viacheslav, 163 pidgin, 25,30,48, 79-86,129,132, 138-9,182,196-7,241 plague,
102,109-15,141-2, 150,154, 156-9,172,174,187,237-9 Pleshkov, Mikhail, 178 Poland, 21,36,38, 88, 151,153,223-5, 229,247n46,307nll9,318n89 Polytechnic Institute (Harbin), 66-72, 74,78,195,205,212,233 Poniemon, 40-5,52,56,105,152, 154-6,220, 226,235 Ponosov, Vladimir, 159-60 Popoff, Antoinette, 87-8,104-5, 149-50,158-9,162,165,170,172, 174,175,184-6 Popoff, Nikolai, 175-6,178,184-6, 275n48 Popoff, Victor, 12,176,186,303n61 Popov, Georgii, 290n52 Popov, Mikhail, 172 Port Arthur, 4,5,28,32,51,62, 71, 118,197,311n53 POWs, 147-8,198,229
Index Pozdneev, Aleksei, 24 Pozdneev, Dmitril, 243ո2 Pratt, Emmanuel, 207 Pristan'. See Daoli prostitution, 39,85,90, 94-5,104,110, 120-1,123-4,147-8,157,162,194, 196,282n69,294nl03 Przhevalsky, Nikolai, 20,276n78 Puyi, 8,62,206,232 Qingdao, 124,141,193 Qiqihar, 16,26-8,60,68,139,147,209, 267n82 Qu Qiubai, 72-3 queue, 31,61,79,112,118-19,141-3 Rabe von Pappenheim, Werner, 146 Rachinskaia, Elizaveta, 313nl7 Raczyński, Andreas, 223 Raczyński, Antoinette, 39,41, 43-5,52,53,88,109,149,151,154, 172,184,186,220-1,223; Roger Budberg's letters to, 39,49, 88, 90, 100, 111, 149,161-2,224,253nl Raczyński, Joseph A., 45,185-6,223, 253nl Raczyński, Sigismund, 223 Raczyński, Edward Bernard, 223 Raupach, Friedrich, 90,144,171, 291n58,298nl64,299nl74,300nl81 Reni, Wilhelm, 291n58 Rennenkampf, Pavel, 27,53,144-5 repatriation, 8-9, 78,120,146,187, 194, 200,204,207,219,225-32, 234, 238-40 Richter, Otto, 53,91 Riga, 36,39,40-1,43-7,50,52,56, 151-3,156,158,172,224,226,233, 235 Rimsky-Korsakoff Dyer, Svetlana, 206 Riutin, Martem'ian, 148 Roerich, Helena, 163 381 Roerich, Nicholas, 163-4,192-3,207 Roerich, Vladimir, 163 Rosicrucian Order, 163-5,239 Rufina (nun), 168-9,193 Russian Civil War, 7,21,38,116,17580,187,197,202,213-14,219 Russian Red Cross, 49-53, 91,149, 173 Russian Revolution (1905), 54-5,208 Russian Revolution (1917), in Harbin, 148 Russo-Japanese War, 5,49-54,57-8, 63,80,90-4,116,124,134,136,139, 148-9,165,174,177,180,202,227; interpreters in, 57,74; memory of, 197,213 St Nicholas Cathedral (Harbin), 82, 137-9,198,209-10,212-13,215-16, 236-7 St Nicholas of Myra, 138,139,188, 210 St
Sophia Cathedral (Harbin), 118, 210-11,237 Sakhalian, 22,25-6 Sanxing. See Yilan Savitskii, Petr, 76 Segalen, Victor, 295nll9 Semenov, Grigorii, 176-8,184,191, 206 Serebrennikov, Ivan, 78-9 Setnitskii, Nikolai, 78 Seuberlich, Wolfgang, 206,268nl04 Severnyi, Pavel, 119-21,145-6,227-8 Shandong, 5,18,21,30, 33,61-3, 69, 119,125,141-2,180-1,183, 214,232 Shanghai, 85,127,151,158,161,193; compared with Harbin, 6,10,60, 117,122,202,237; Russians in, 8, 77-8,119-21,165,171,181,193, 202,207 Shangzhi, 165 Shchegolev, Nikolai, 279n26
382 Index Shenyang. See Mukden Shi Yi, 309n29 Shields, Jody, 318n85 Shilka River, 20,50 Shirokogoroff, Sergei, 26 Shkurkin, Pavel, 84,118,134,140,147 Shou Chang, 28 Shou Shan, 26-8 Shteinfeľd, Nikolai, 202 Shuangcheng, 69,101 Sie Grabowski, Jerzy, 117 sinology in Harbin, 24, 73-9,84,134, 140,160,203-7 Siping, 54, 94 Sisson documents, 150,159 Sjödro, 52-3,56,105,174 Slizhikov, Arkadii, 175-6 Solov'ev, Vladimir, 78 Song Xiaolian, 71-3,129,214 Songhua River. See Sungari Songyuan, 148,289n29 Soskin, Semen, 209 South Manchuria Railway (SMR), 5, 62,68,195 Soviet occupation of Manchuria. See under Manchuria Spitsyn, Aleksandr, 75 Spurgot, Mikhail, 282n77 Sretensk, 50-1 Starikov, Vladimir, 206-7 Stern, Hellmut, 80 Stöffler, August, 146-7,150-1,157, 241 Storozhev, Vladimir, 206 Suifenhe, 17,18, 72,169,177 Sun Chuanfang, 182-3 Sun Yunxuan, 69,125,212 Sungari River, 6,16,24,30,33,49, 89-90,132-4,138-9,148,168,171, 174,187-8,193,198,207,213,237; bathing in, 121-3,128,185; floods of, 187,213 Sungurov, Antonin, 207 Svetlov, Nikolai, 309n33 Sýkorová, Věra, 206 Sze, Sao-ке Alfred, 93^1,108,142-3 Taiwan, 4, 70,212,239 Tallinn, 50,172,185,224,227,235 Tartu (and Dorpat University), 45-50, 53,56, 90-1,104,114-15,143,170, 172,184-5,225,227,233,235; Tartu graduates in Harbin, 90,109,150, 152,165,298nl64 Taskin, Vsevolod, 206-7 Taskina, Elena, 234 Tcherepnin, Alexander, 207-8 theosophy, 162,164 Three Rivers area. See Trekhrech'e Tianjin, 8,29, 68, 77,78,100,161, 181-2,184,202,207,242 Tieling, 93 Tientsin. See Tianjin Tiflis, 37,52 Tifontai. See Ji Fengtai Tobolsk, 152-3 Todenwarth, Paul Wolff,
147 tolkai-tolkai, 132-3,196,207 Tolmachev, Vladimir, 160 Tomson, Leonhardt, 144 Tongjiang, 30,33,61 Trautschold, Wilhelm, 144 Trekhrech'e, 8,29,116,189-90,195 Trubetzkoy, Nikolai, 76 Ufa, 153,155,159,163-4,219,221, 223,231 Ukrainians, 20-1,65,230-1 Ungern-Stemberg, Roman, 145,177, 193,231,296nll9 Usov, Sergei, 74 Ussuri River and region, 4,15,17, 19,29 Vasil'chikov, Boris, 50-2 Vertinsky, Alexander, 228
383 Index Vladivostok, 10,17,19,28,58, 60-1, 63,84,88,144,169; Oriental Institute in, 24, 74-5, 206 Vortisch-van Vloten, Hermann, 142 Wang Fengrui, 68 Wen Peiyun, 209 Wlad, Franz, 289n29 Wrangel, Petr, 58,79 Wu Baixiang, 137 Wu Junsheng, 186 Wu Lien-teh, 113-14,142,237-9 Wu Peifu, 177,179 Wyrzykowski, Władysław, 147 Xenia Aleksandrovna, Grand Duchess, 50 Xiangfang, 65, 71 Xiao Hong, 33,85-6,117,131,188, 193 Xiao Jun, 85-6,117,193,309n36 Xinjiang, 15,188 Yakeshi, 188 Yilan, 30-1,33-4,139 Yin Chang, 162 YMCA, 205-7,233 Yuan Shikai, 71,161 Zabolotny, Danylo, 112-14,158 Zaili hui, 57 Zamesova, Aleksandra, 172,223,231 Zdanskii, Konstantin, 307nll9 Zeng Yizhi, 236 Zhalantun, 28 Zhang Tingge, 63 Zhang Xueliang, 8,178,180,183,184, 186,212 Zhang Zongchang, 177-84 Zhang Zuolin, 7,138,169,175,17780,184,186 Zhao Erxun, 64-5,143 Zheltuga, 204 Zheng Xingwen, 125 Zhifu. See Chefoo Zhong-De-Hua (daughter of Roger Budberg). See Popoff, Antoinette Zhou Mian, 60,263n35,284n99 Zhu Shipu, 235-6 Zoege von Manteuffel, Werner, 50 fІ Staatsbibliothek Bayerische ļ I München 1
Contents List of Illustrations ix Introduction 3 1 Of Ethnicity and Identity 14 2 Beginnings 35 3 Intermediaries and Channels of Communication 57 4 A Chinese-German Flower 87 5 Daily Life in a Mixed City 116 6 Trials and Endings 141 7 Russians and Chinese under Japanese Rule 175 8 Kharbintsy and Ha'erbin ren 201 Epilogue: The General and the Particular 218 Notes 243 Glossary of Chinese Terms 321 Bibliography 331 Index 375 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Gamsa, Mark 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)136256082 |
| author_facet | Gamsa, Mark 1970- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Gamsa, Mark 1970- |
| author_variant | m g mg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047192743 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1252702044 (DE-599)BVBBV047192743 |
| era | Geschichte 1898-1959 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1898-1959 |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Harbin (DE-588)4072316-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Harbin |
| id | DE-604.BV047192743 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:48:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:05:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781487506285 9781487544249 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032597908 |
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| physical | 383 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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| publishDate | 2020 |
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| publisher | University of Toronto Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Gamsa, Mark 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)136256082 aut Harbin a cross-cultural biography Mark Gamsa Toronto ; Buffalo ; London University of Toronto Press [2020] 383 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "This book offers an intimate portrait of early-twentieth-century Harbin, a city in Manchuria where Russian colonialists, and later refugees from the Revolution, met with Chinese migrants. The deep social and intellectual fissures between the Russian and Chinese worlds were matched by a multitude of small efforts to cross the divide as the city underwent a wide range of social and political changes. Using surviving letters, archival photographs, and rare publications, this book also tells the personal story of a forgotten city resident, Baron Roger Budberg, a physician who, being neither Russian nor Chinese, nevertheless stood at the very centre of the cross-cultural divide in Harbin. The biography of an important city, fleshing out its place in the global history of East-West contacts and twentieth-century diasporas, this book is also the history of an individual life and an original experiment in historical writing."-- Boenningshausen-Budberg, Roger A. Baron von 1867-1926 (DE-588)126340994 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1898-1959 gnd rswk-swf Harbin (DE-588)4072316-1 gnd rswk-swf Budberg, Baron Roger Harbin (China) / History Harbin (China) / Ethnic relations Harbin (China) / Biography Physicians / China / Harbin / Biography Russia / Relations / China China / Relations / Russia Ethnic relations International relations Physicians China China / Harbin Russia Biographies History (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Boenningshausen-Budberg, Roger A. Baron von 1867-1926 (DE-588)126340994 p DE-604 Harbin (DE-588)4072316-1 g Geschichte 1898-1959 z Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-1-4875-3376-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, pdf 978-1-4875-3375-5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032597908&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032597908&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032597908&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gamsa, Mark 1970- Harbin a cross-cultural biography Boenningshausen-Budberg, Roger A. Baron von 1867-1926 (DE-588)126340994 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)126340994 (DE-588)4072316-1 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Harbin a cross-cultural biography |
| title_auth | Harbin a cross-cultural biography |
| title_exact_search | Harbin a cross-cultural biography |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Harbin a cross-cultural biography |
| title_full | Harbin a cross-cultural biography Mark Gamsa |
| title_fullStr | Harbin a cross-cultural biography Mark Gamsa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harbin a cross-cultural biography Mark Gamsa |
| title_short | Harbin |
| title_sort | harbin a cross cultural biography |
| title_sub | a cross-cultural biography |
| topic | Boenningshausen-Budberg, Roger A. Baron von 1867-1926 (DE-588)126340994 gnd |
| topic_facet | Boenningshausen-Budberg, Roger A. Baron von 1867-1926 Harbin Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032597908&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032597908&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032597908&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gamsamark harbinacrossculturalbiography |