Verfügbarkeit: Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War

Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War: the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Mazurkiewicz, Anna 1957- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin De Gruyter Oldenbourg [2021]
Schriftenreihe:	Rethinking the Cold War volume 8
Schlagworte:	Assembly of Captive European Nations Geschichte 1954-1972 Ost-West-Konflikt Kommunismus Kalter Krieg Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Sachregister
Beschreibung:	War zeitweise Open Access bei De Gruyter 1.7.2022
Beschreibung:	XVII, 446 Seiten 24 cm, 804 g
ISBN:	9783110657050 3110657058

Internformat

MARC


LEADER	00000nam a2200000 cb4500
001	BV047190806
003	DE-604
005	20220719
007	t\|
008	210311s2021 gw \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d
015			\|a 19,N40 \|2 dnb
015			\|a 21,A09 \|2 dnb
016	7		\|a 1195884540 \|2 DE-101
020			\|a 9783110657050 \|c Festeinband : EUR 79.95 (DE) (freier Preis), EUR 79.95 (AT) (freier Preis) \|9 978-3-11-065705-0
020			\|a 3110657058 \|9 3-11-065705-8
024	3		\|a 9783110657050
035			\|a (OCoLC)1231982131
035			\|a (DE-599)DNB1195884540
040			\|a DE-604 \|b ger \|e rda
041	0		\|a eng
044			\|a gw \|c XA-DE-BE
049			\|a DE-B1533 \|a DE-M100 \|a DE-12 \|a DE-634 \|a DE-1052 \|a DE-521 \|a DE-1102 \|a DE-1046 \|a DE-1047 \|a DE-1028 \|a DE-Aug4 \|a DE-573 \|a DE-M347 \|a DE-92 \|a DE-898 \|a DE-859 \|a DE-860 \|a DE-863 \|a DE-862 \|a DE-523 \|a DE-70 \|a DE-2174 \|a DE-127 \|a DE-155 \|a DE-150 \|a DE-154 \|a DE-91 \|a DE-384 \|a DE-473 \|a DE-19 \|a DE-355 \|a DE-703 \|a DE-706 \|a DE-824 \|a DE-739
082	0		\|a 322.40869140973 \|2 23/ger
084			\|a OST \|q DE-12 \|2 fid
084			\|a HIST \|q DE-12 \|2 fid
084			\|a NQ 5910 \|0 (DE-625)128664: \|2 rvk
084			\|8 1\p \|a 320 \|2 23sdnb
100	1		\|a Mazurkiewicz, Anna \|d 1957- \|e Verfasser \|0 (DE-588)1127341197 \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War \|b the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972 \|c Anna Mazurkiewicz
264		1	\|a Berlin \|b De Gruyter Oldenbourg \|c [2021]
300			\|a XVII, 446 Seiten \|c 24 cm, 804 g
336			\|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|b n \|2 rdamedia
338			\|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
490	1		\|a Rethinking the Cold War \|v volume 8
500			\|a War zeitweise Open Access bei De Gruyter 1.7.2022
610	2	7	\|a Assembly of Captive European Nations \|0 (DE-588)4259-6 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
648		7	\|a Geschichte 1954-1972 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Ost-West-Konflikt \|0 (DE-588)4075770-5 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Kommunismus \|0 (DE-588)4031892-8 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
653			\|a Kommunismus
653			\|a Kalter Krieg
653			\|a Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
689	0	0	\|a Assembly of Captive European Nations \|0 (DE-588)4259-6 \|D b
689	0	1	\|a Geschichte 1954-1972 \|A z
689	0		\|5 DE-604
689	1	0	\|a Kommunismus \|0 (DE-588)4031892-8 \|D s
689	1	1	\|a Ost-West-Konflikt \|0 (DE-588)4075770-5 \|D s
689	1		\|5 DE-604
710	2		\|a De Gruyter Oldenbourg \|0 (DE-588)1065492103 \|4 pbl
776	0	8	\|i Erscheint auch als \|n Online-Ausgabe, pdf \|o 10.1515/9783110661002 \|z 978-3-11-066100-2
776	0	8	\|i Erscheint auch als \|n Online-Ausgabe, epub \|o 10.1515/9783110661002 \|z 978-3-11-065718-0
776	0	8	\|i Erscheint auch als \|n Online-Ausgabe, EPUB
830		0	\|a Rethinking the Cold War \|v volume 8 \|w (DE-604)BV044885918 \|9 8
856	4	2	\|m DNB Datenaustausch \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Inhaltsverzeichnis
856	4	2	\|m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Literaturverzeichnis
856	4	2	\|m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Register // Sachregister
883	2		\|8 1\p \|a dnb \|d 20210222 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb
940	1		\|n oe
940	1		\|q BSB_NED_20210707
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 09045 \|g 947.08
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 09047 \|g 947.08
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 09046 \|g 947.08
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 09047 \|g 181
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 09045 \|g 181
942	1	1	\|c 909 \|e 22/bsb \|f 09046 \|g 181
943	1		\|a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032596006

Datensatz im Suchindex

DE-BY-FWS_katkey	976730
_version_	1819742322814877696
adam_text	CONTENTS LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES * IX ABBREVIATIONS * XI PREFACE * XIII INTRODUCTION * 1 1 * FOR EUROPE WHOLE AND FREE * - ACEN WITHIN THE ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK ----- 21 1.1 ASSEMBLY OF CAPTIVE EUROPEAN NATIONS * 22 1.2 THE FREE EUROPE COMMITTEE ----- 51 1.3 AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CAPTIVE NATIONS * 86 2 * VOICE OF THE SILENCED PEOPLES * - ACEN AND THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE ----- 101 2.1 ACEN SESSIONS IN FRANCE AT STRASBOURG ----- 105 2.2 CACOPHONY * 113 3 * FREE ELECTIONS AND WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS * - ACEN AND THE COMMUNIST REGIMES * 123 3.1 ACEN REACHES OUT TO THE UN ----- 126 3.2 AMERICAN SUPPORT FOR ACEN * S AGENDA ----- 133 3.3 POZNAN TRIALS * 137 4 THE * LITTLE U.N. * - ACEN AND THE UNITED NATIONS * 149 4.1 ACEN * S ACTION IN THE UN DURING THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION ----- 151 4.2 * THE FREE WORLD MADE A MAJOR ERROR * * 167 4.3 * HUNGARY UNDER SOVIET RULE * ----- 171 4.4 * SOVIET COLONIALISM * * 178 5 * CAPTIVE NATIONS * - ACEN AND THE U.S. CONGRESS * 189 5.1 ACEN ON THE FLOOR OF CONGRESS * 191 5.2 CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK ----- 201 6 * ASIAN PEOPLE * S FREEDOM DAY * - ACEN AND THE APACL * 211 6.1 ACEN AND APACL ----- 220 VI * CONTENTS 6.2 FREEDOM DAY ------ 228 7 * NACIONES CAUTIVAS EUROPEAS * - ACEN IN LATIN AMERICA * 241 7.1 BETWEEN HUNGARY AND CUBA (1956-1959) * 246 7.2 AFTER CUBA, BEFORE THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (1960-1965) * 263 7.3 DIVERGENCE * 281 8 * WE CAN ONLY BUY THEIR TIME . * - FREE EUROPE COMMITTEE AND ACEN ------ 291 8.1 FROM PARTNERSHIP TO * EXILE FRONT * * 296 8.2 ACEN * S CHOICES VERSUS * VIS MAIOR * * 303 9 CONCLUSION, OR WHAT WAS ACEN? * 321 10 EPILOGUE----- 331 APPENDICES * 343 ACEN CHARTER AND RULES OF PROCEDURE (AS OF 1958) * 343 ACEN DELEGATES (1954-1971) ----- 358 ACEN PUBLICATIONS (1954-1971) ----- 417 BIBLIOGRAPHY----- 421 ARCHIVES ----- 421 ONLINE ARCHIVES * 422 LITERATURE, INCLUDING MEMOIRS * 424 SUBJECT INDEX * 431 Bibliography Archives Columbia University Libraries (New York, NY) — Bakhmeteff Archive, Ferenc Nagy Papers, Dwight D, Eisenhower Presidential Library (Abilene, KS) — C. D. Jackson Papers, 1931-1967 — C. D. Jackson Records, 1953-1954 Harry S. Truman Library (Independence, MO) — Charles Hulten Papers Hoover Institution Archives (Stanford, CA) — Brutus Coste Papers — Christopher T. Emmet Papers — Stefan Korboński Papers — Sig Mickelson Papers — Štefan Osuský Papers — Arch Puddington Papers — RFE/RL Corporate Files Immigration History Research Center (Minneapolis, MN) — Assembly of Captive European Nations Józef Piłsudski Institute of America (New York, NY) — Subject Archive, ACEN National Archives College Park (College Park, MD) — Record Groups: 59 — CREST — Nixon Presidential Materials Project Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences (New York, NY) — Karol Popiel/PNDC Papers Princeton University Library (Princeton, NJ) — John F. Dulles Papers Open Society Archives (Budapest, Hungary) — Claire de Héderváry Collection: United Nations Special Committee Documents on the Problem of Hungary in 1956 — General Collection (HU OSA) — Fekete Doboz Alapítvány Video Archive Ossoliński National Institute, ZNiO (Wroclaw, Poland) — Gadomski Papers Private collections — Jadwiga Gadomska (Warsaw, Poland) — John F. Leich (Canaan, CT) — Christopher Simpson (Washington, D.C.) — Ralph Walter Papers (Berlin, Germany) https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110661002-016 422 Bibliography Author’s Interviews in person: Zofia Korbońska, John F. Leich, Ralph Walter, János Horváth, Stanisław Gebhardt via telephone/e-mail: Zbigniew Brzeziński, Paul B. Henze, John F. Leich, Ralph Walter Published sources (print) ACEN publications (see complete list in the Appendix) — “ACEN News” (1955-1972) — ACEN Sessions. Organization, Resolutions, Reports, Debate, 1-9 (1954-1963) — Hungary Under Soviet Rule in six volumes: I (April-August 1957), II (September 1957-August 1958); III (Revolution to August 1959); IV (August 1959-August 1960); V (1959-1961); VI (1961-1962). — ACEN Seminars in Latin America. Lectures in the Seminar held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 8-М, 1963 (New York: ACEN, [1964?]). — ACEN Seminars in Latin America. Lectures of the Seminar Heid in Medellin, Colombia, Nov. 29-Dec. 4, 1964 (New York: ACEN, [1965]). Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 3: The President, 1959-1963 Compilation (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964). Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) — FRUS, 1955-1957, vol. XXV: Eastern Europe (Washington: GPO, 1990) — FRUS, 1952-1954, National Security Affairs, Vol. II, part 2 (Washington: GPO, 1984) — FRUS, The Intelligence Community 1950-55. Organization of U.S. Intelligence (Washington: GPO, 2007) — FRUS, 1952-1954, Vol. II, Part 2: National Security Affairs (Washington: GPO 1984) — FRUS, 1958-1960, American Republics, Vol. V (Washington: GPO, 1991) Stefan Korboński, Listy amerykańskie, 1953-1983, ed. Roman W. Rybicki, Bartosz Nowożycki (IPN: Warsaw, 2019). Polska emigracja polityczna. Informator, reprint, D. Piskorska (ed.), introduction Cenckiewicz Sławomir (Warszawa: Adiutor, 2004) Public papers of the Presidents of the United States. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1956, Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President, January 1 to December 21, 1956 (Washington: GPO, 1958) Wielkie Mowy Historii, vols. 1-4 (Warsaw: Polityka-Spółdzielnia Pracy, 2006). Online Archives Internet Archive https://archive.org — Department of State Bulletin — Wayback Machine (archive of web pages) Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training — Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, https://adst.org/oral-history/ HeinOnline, https://home.heinonline.org/ — Congressional Record, 1945-1989 Online Archives 423 CIA electronic reading room, www.foia.cia.gov Council of Europe — https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/home The National Film Archive’s Digitai Repository (Poland) http://www.repozytorium.fn.org.pl Hungarian Electronic Library (Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár), http://mek.oszk.hu/indexeng. phtml Mary Ferrell Foundation, https://www.maryferrell.org/pages/Archive.html NATO Library, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/publications.htm ProQuest Historical Newspapers, https://www.proquest.com/products-services/pq-hist-news. html — “The New York Times” (1947-1989) — “Chicago Tribune” (1947-1989) United Nations, https://www.un.org/ — UN Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/ — Dag Hammarskjöld library, https://research.un.org/en/ United States Government — Office of the Law Revision Counsel, House of Representatives, U.S. Code https://uscode. house.gov/ — U.S. Government Accountability Office, https://www.gao.gov — U.S. Government information for all, https://www.govinfo.gov/ — The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/ — U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian Foreign Relations of the United States, https://history.state.gov/historicaidocuments — U.S. Census, https://data.census.gov/cedsci/ — U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov Wilson Center (Washington, D.C.), History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, — Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (A. Ross Johnson collection) https://digitalarchive. wilsoncenter.org/coUection/104/radio-free-europe-and-radio-liberty — Asian Peoples’ Anti-Communist League (Syngman Rhee Institute) https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/193/asian-peoples-anti-communist-league Reference online materials Słownik biograficzny Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej XX wieku (Warsaw: ISP PAN-Rytm, 2004). Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, ed. Wojciech Roszkowski, jan Kofman (Abingdon OX-New York: Routledge, 2015). Lawrence H. Officer and Samuel H. Williamson, “Purchasing Power of Money in the United States from 1774 to 2008,” MeasuringWorth, 2009. URL http://www.measuringworth. com/ppowerus/. Diccionario Biographico Ecuador, http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/ tomoll/c7.htm IPN, Poznański czerwiec ’56, https://czerwiec56.ipn.gov.pl IPN, Korboński, http://korbonski.ipn.gov.pl/portal/kor/1116/8545/Polityk_na_emigracji.html Ukrainian Diaspora Eiectronic Library http://diasporiana.org.ua 424 Bibliography Wilson Center, Cold War International History Project, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/ cold-war-international-history-project World League for Freedom and Democracy http://www.wlfdroc.org.tw/ NYS Department of State, Division of Corporations, www.dos.ny.gov/corps Literature, Including Memoirs Aldrich Richard, The Hidden Hand. Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence (London: Gerald Duckworth Co. Ltd., 2006). Aldrich Richard, “OSS, CIA and European Unity: The American Committee on United Europe, 1948-60,” Diplomacy Statecraft 8/1 (1997). Robert J. Alexander, International Labor Organizations and Organized labor in Latin America and the Caribbean. A History (Santa Barbara, CA-Denver, CO-Oxford, England: Praeger, ABC Clio, 2009). Bailey Bernadine, The captive nations, our prst line of defense (Chicago: Chas. Hallberg, 1969). Beezley P. C, The captive nations handbook (Seattle: Captive Nations Council, 1966). Beichman Arnold, “The story of Radio Free Europe,” National Review 36/21 (1984). Borili László, Hungary in the Cold War, 1945-1956. Between the United States and the Soviet Union (New York, Budapest: CEU Press). Brogan Patrick, The Captive Nations: Eastern Europe, 1945-1990 (New York: Avon Books, 1990). Broquetas Magdalena, San Martin, Demócratas y nacionalistas. La reacción de ias derechas en el Uruguay (1959-1966), Tesis de Doctorado en Historia, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2013). Brown James F., Radio Free Europe: An Insider's View (Washington D.C.: Vellum/New Academia Publishing, 2013). Butariu Miron, “Assembly of Captive European Nations. The Little United Nations - The Voice of the People,” Journal of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences 10 (Davis, CA, 1987). Carlson Peter, К Blows Top: A Cold War Comic interlude starring Nikita Khrushchev, America’s most unlikely tourist (New York: Public Affairs, 2010). Carruthers Susan L., Cold War Captives. Imprisonment, Escape, and Brainwashing (BerkeleyLos Angeles-London University of California Press, 2009). Carruthers Susan L., Between Camps: Eastern Bloc “Escapees” and Cold War Borderlands, American Quarterly 57/3 (2005). Collis Larry D., “The Free Europe Committee. An American Weapon of the Cold War,” Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Political Science, Carleton University, November 1973. Kenneth Conboy, James Morrison, The CIA’s Secret War in Tibet (Lawrence: Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2002). Congdon Lee W., Király Béla K. (eds.), The Ideas of the Hungarian Revolution, Suppressed and Victorious, 1956-1999 (Highland Lakes, NJ: Social Science Monographs, Boulder CO; New York: dist. Columbia Univ. Press, 2002). Literature, Including Memoirs 425 DeWitt Copp, Marshall Peck, Betrayal at the UN. The Story of Paul Bang-Jensen (New York: The Devin-Adair Company, 1961). Csicsery-Rónay István (ed.), Nagy Ferenc miniszterelnök: visszaemlékezések, tanulmányok, cikkek (Budapest: Occidental Press, 1995). Cummings Bruce (ed.) Child of Conflict: the Korean-American Relationship, 1943-1953 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1983). Cummings Richard H., Cold War Radio. The Dangerous History of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950-1989 (Jefferson, North Carolina, London: McFarland 8t Company, Inc. Publishers, 2009). Cummings Richard H., Radio Free Europe’s “Crusade for Freedom": Rallying Americans behind Cold War Broadcasting, 1950-1960 (Jefferson NC, London: McFarland 8ւ Company, 2010). Defty Andrew, Britain, America and Anti-Communist: The Information Research Department (Oxfordshire: Routlege 2004). Dorril Stephen, MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service (New York: Free Press, 2000). Durin-Hornyik Veronika, “Le Collège de ‘Europe libre et la préparation de la construction démocratique de l’Europe de l’Est (1948-1958)/The Free Europe University in Exile: Preparing for democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (1948-1958), Relations internationales 180/4 (2019). Dziak Waldemar, Korea, pokój czy wojna (Warszawa: Świat Książki, 2003). Epstein Julius, The Bang-Jensen Tragedy. A Review based on the Official Records, “American Opinion. An Informal Review” 3/5 (May 1960). Europe: Nine panel Studies by Experts from Central and Eastern European Studies. An Examination of the Post-Liberation Problem of the Position of Central and Eastern European Nations in a Free European Community (New York: Free Europe Committee, 1954). Faure Justine, Croisade américaine en 1950: La délivrance des “Nations captives” ď Europe de 1’ Est, “Vingtième Siècle. Revue ď histoire” 73 (2002). Ferreira Roberto Garda, “Espionaje politica: La Guerra Fria y la inteligencia political Uruguaya, 1947-64,” Revista Historia 63-64 (enero-diciembre 2011). Fousek John, To Lead The Free World: American Nationalism The Cultural Roots of the Cold war (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000). Gadomski Feliks, Zgromadzenie Europejskich Narodów Ujarzmionych. Krótki zarys (New York: Bicentennial Publishing Corporation-Nowy Dziennik, 1995). Garrett Stephen A., “Eastern European Ethnic Groups and American Foreign Policy,” Political Science Quarterly 93/2 (Summer 1978). Gati Charles, Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006). Gaspar Edmund, United States, Latin America: A Special relationship? (Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1978). Gleijeses Piero, “Hope Denied: the U.S. Defeat of the 1965 Revolt in the Dominican Republic,” Cold War International History Project, Working Paper 72 (Washington: CWIHP, 2014). Griese Noel L., Arthur W. Page. Publisher, Public Relations Pioneer, Patriot (Atlanta: Anvil Publishers Inc., 2001). 426 Bibliography Grose Peter, Operation Rollback. America’s Secret War behind the Iron Curtain (Boston-New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000). Gross Feliks, “Political Emigration from Iron Curtain Countries,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 271: Moscow’s European Satellites (September 1950). Grow Michael, U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions. Pursuing Regime Change in the Cold War (Lawrence, K5: University Press of Kansas, 2008). GUlstorff Torben, Warming Up a Cooling War: An Introductory Guide on the CIAS and Other Globally Operating Anti-Communist Networks at the Beginning of the Cold War Decade of Détente, Cold War International History Project, Working Paper no. 75 (Washington: CWIHP, 2015). Harrigan john J., Politics and the American Future (New York: Random House, 1987), 420. Hawthorne Daniel, The ordeal of the captive nations (Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1958). Heikkilä Pauli, Estonians for Europe. National Activism for European Integration, 1922-1991 (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2014). Heiss Mary Ann, Exposing “Red Colonialism”: U.S. Propaganda at the United Nations, 1953-1963, Journal of Cold War Studies, 17/3 (Summer 2015). Hermes Walter G., Truce Tent and Fighting Front (Washington D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army 1992). Hershberg james G., Zúbok Vladislav (transi.), “Russian Documents on the Korean War, 1950-53. Introduction,” Cold War International History Profeet Bulletin 14/15 (Winter/ Spring 2003-2004). Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann Anna D., The exile mission: The Polish political diaspora and Polish Americans, 1939-1956. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004. Johnson A. Ross, “To the Barricades: Did Radio Free Europe Inflame the Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1956? Exploring One of the Cold War’s Most Stubborn Myths,” Hoover Digest no. 4 (2007). Johnson A. Ross, Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. The CIA Years and Beyond (Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010). Kádár Lynn Katalin (ed.), Inauguration of Organized Political Warfare: Cold War Organizations Sponsored by the National Committee for a Free Europe, ed. Katalin Kádár Lynn (St. Helena, Budapest: Helena History Press, 2013-distributed by Central European University Press, New York, Budapest). Kaiser Wolfram, Co-operation of European Catholic Politicians in Exile in Britain and the USA during the Second World War, Journal of Contemporary History 35/3 (2000). Kohler Foy D., Harvey Mose L. (eds.), The Soviet Union: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. A Report on A Colloquy of American Long-Timers in Moscow ([Coral Gables, FL: Center for Advanced International Studies, University of Miami, 1975). Korbel Josef, The Captive Nations, Behind the headlines, v. 15, no. 5. (Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1955). Korboñski Stefan, W imieniu Polski walczącej (Warszawa: Rytm, 1999). Korboñski Stefan, Warsaw in Exile (New York-Washington D.C.: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966). Kosicki Piotr H., Lukasiewicz Sławomir (eds.), Christian Democracy Across the Iron Curtain: Europe Redefined (Cham, Switzerland: Paigrave Macmillan, 2018). Literature, Including Memoirs 427 Kula Marcin, Paryż, Londyn i Waszyngton patrzą na października 1956 r. w Polsce (Warszawa: ISS PAN, A. Marszałek, 1992). Laville Helen, Wilford Hugh (eds.), The U.S. Government, Citizen Groups and the Cold War. The state-private network (London-New York: Routledge, 2006). Lăptos Józef, “Projekty organizacji państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (1942-1950). Analiza porównawcza,” Prace Komisji Środkowoeuropejskiej PAU 3 (1995). taptos Józef, Europa marzycieli: wizje i projekty integracyjne środkowoeuropejskiej emigracji politycznej 1940-1956 (Kraków: Wyd. Nauk. Uniw. Pedagogicznego, 2012). Leffler Malvyn P., Westad Odd Arne (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, vol. 1: Origins (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). Leich John F., “Great Expectations: The National Councils in Exile 1950-1960,” Polish Review 35 (1990). Lowe Peter, Wojna Koreańska (Warsaw: Bellona, 1995). Lucas Scott, Freedom’s War. The American Crusade against the Soviet Union (New York: New York University Press, 1999). Lukasiewicz Sławomir, Trzecia Europa. Polska myśl federalistyczna w Stanach Zjednoczonych, 1940-1971 (IPN: Warszawa, Lublin, 2010). Lukasiewicz Sławomir, Third Europe. Polish federalist thought in the United States, 1940-1970S (Reno NV: Helena History Press, 2016). Lukasiewicz Sławomir, Partia w warunkach emigracji. Dylematy Polskiego Ruchu Wolnościowego “Niepodległość i Demokracja" 1945-1994 (Lublin-Warszawa: IPN, 2014). Lukasiewicz Sławomir (ed.), Tajny oręż czy ofiary zimnej wojny. Emigracje polityczne z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, ed. Sławomir Lukasiewicz (Lublin-Warszawa: IPN, 2010). Lukasiewicz Sławomir (ed.), Jalta- rzeczywistość, miti pamięć (Warsaw: IPN, 2019). Lurie Mark I., Galandere. The Lost Generation’s Forgotten Man (West Palm Beach, FL: Overlook Press LLC, 2017). Machcewicz Paweł, Emigracja w polityce międzynarodowej (Warszawa: Biblioteka “Więzi,” 1999). Machcewicz Paweł, Poland’s war on Radio Free Europe, 1950-1989 (Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Press, Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2014). Mania Andrzej, Department of State i Foreign Service w polityce zagranicznej USA lat gorącej i zimnej wojny 1939-1989 (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jegiellońskiego, 2019). Mathias Jr. Charles Mc. C, “Ethnic Groups and Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs 59/5 (1981). Matthews John P.C., Tinderbox: East-Central Europe in the spirng, summer, and early fall of 1956 (Tucson, AZ: Fenestra Books, 2003). Marės Antoine, Wojciech Prażuch and Inga Kawka (eds.), Les exilés polonais en France et la réorganisation pacifique de l’Europe (1940-1989), ed. (Peter Lang: Frankfurt am Main 2017), Marinescu Aurel Sergiu, O contributie ia istoria exilului românesc: Activităţi în exil: ANEC şi PNL, (Bucharest: Vremea, 2005). Mazurkiewicz Anna, Dyplomacja Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec wyborów w Polsce w latach 1947 i 1989 (Warsaw: Neriton, 2007). Mazurkiewicz Anna, Die “Stimme Freies Polen” aus München. Radio Free Europe, die amerikanische Deutchlandpolitik und die deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen, Inter Finítimos. Jahrbuch zur deutsch-polnischen Bezlehungsgaschichte 6 (2008). 428 Bibliography Mazurkiewicz Anna, Uchodźcy z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w amerykańskiej polityce zimnowojennej, 1948-1954 (Warsaw-Gdańsk, IPN-University of Gdańsk, 2016). Mazurkiewicz Anna, “’Narody ujarzmione’” - lobby polityczne czy projekt propagandowy? Studia Historica Gedanensia 5 (Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo UG, 2014). Mazurkiewicz Anna, ‘“Join, or Die’ The Road to Cooperation Among East European Exiled Political Leaders in the United States, 1949-1954,” Polish American Studies 69/2 (2012). Mazurkiewicz Anna, “Unwilling Immigrants: Transnational Identities of East Central European Exiles during the Cold War,” Stadia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny 4 (158), (2015). Mazurkiewicz Anna (ed.), East Central Europe in Ezile, vol. 1-2 (Cambridge-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013). Mazurkiewicz Anna (ed.), East Central European Migrations During the Cold War. A Handbook (Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter, 2019). Meyer Cord, Facing Reality: From World Federation to the CIA (New York: Harper and Row, 1980). Mickelson Sig, America’s Other Voice. The Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (New York: Praeger, 1983). Mikkonen Simo, Exploiting the Exiles. Soviet Émigrés In U.S. Cold War Strategy,” Journal of Cold War Studies 14/2 (Spring 2012). Mitrovich Gregory, Undermining the Kremlin, America’s Strategy to subvert the Soviet Bloc 1947-1956 (Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press, 2000). Munters Vilhelms, The own people’s enemies (Riga: Zvaigzne, 1965). Nekola Martin, Petr Ženki: politik a člověk (Prague: Mladá Fronta, 2014). Nowak-Jeziorańskl Jan, Wojna w eterze (Kraków: Znak, 2005). Osgood Kenneth A., Total Cold War. Eisenhower’s Secret Propaganda Battle (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2006). Osgood Kenneth A., Etheridge Brian C. (eds.), The United States and Public Diplomacy. New Directions in Cultural and International History (Leiden-Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010). Offner Arnold A., Another Such Victory. President Truman and the Cold War 1945-1953 (Stanford University Press, 2002). Paczyńska Irena (ed.), Stadia z historii Polski XIX і XX wieku ofiarowane Profesorowi Józefowi Buszce w pięćdziesięciolecie doktoratu (Kraków: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze “Historia lagellonica,” 1999). Paleček Pavel, “Protikomunistická propaganda ve studené válce. Výbor pro svobodnou Evropu a exit”, PhD Dissertation (manuscript), Brno: Masaryk University 2010. Parker Jason C., Hearts, Minds, Voices. ԱՏ. Cold War Public Diplomacy and the Formation of the Third World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). Anna Péczeli, Zsolt Pálmai (eds.), Our Past and Present in the Shadow of the Cold War: The Legacy and re-emergence of a conflict between the United States and Russia (Budapeszt: Antall József Knowledge Centre, 2017). Pieczewski Andrzej, Komisja do Spraw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej Ruchu Europejskiego (1949-1973) - glos emigracji w sprawie europejskiego zjednoczenia,” Stadia Polityczne ISP PAN 21 (2008). Pisani Sadie, The CIA and the Marshall Plan (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991). Literature, Including Memoirs 429 Matek Agnieszka, Praszałowicz Dorota (eds.), The United States Immigration Policy and Immigrants’ Responses: past and present, (Peter Lang Edition: Frankfurt am Main 2017). Pomian Jan, Józef Retinger. Życie i pamiętniki pioniera Jedności europejskiej (Warszawa: Pavo, 1994 (reprint of 1972 edition). Edward Prus, Pannacjonalizm. Polityczna działalność emigracyjna byłych kolaboracjonistów z Europy wschodniej i południowo-wschodniej (Katowice: Śląski Instytut Naukowy, 1976). Puddington Arch, Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2015). Racz Barnabas, Hungary and the United Nations 1956-1962: A Legal and Political Analysis (Budapest: United Nations Association of Hungary, 2007). Raška Francis D., Fighting Communism from Afar: the Council of Free Czechoslovakia (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 2008). Reisch Alfred, Hot Books in the Cold War. The CIA-Founded Secret Western Book Distribution Program Behind the Iron Curtain (Budapest-New York: CEU Press, 2013). Richardson John, A New Vision for America (New York: Ruder Finn Press: 2006). Rowiński Jan (ed.), Polski Październik 1956 w polityce światowej (Warszawa: PISM 2006). Scott-Smith Giles, “The Free Europe University in Strasbourg: U.S. State-Private Networks and Academic ‘Rollback,’” Journal of Cold War Studies 16/2 (2014). Scott-Smith Giles, Networks of Empire. The U.S. State Department’s Foreign Leader Program in the Netherlands, France, and Britain, 1950 -70 (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2008). Scott- Smith Giles, The Politics of Apolitical Culture. The Congress for Cultural Freedom, the CIA and post-war American hegemony (London-New York: Routledge, 2002). Scott-Smith Giles, “A Radical Democratic Political Offensive”: Melvyn J. Lasky, Der Monat, and the Congress for Cultural Freedom,” Journal of Contemporary History 35/2 (2000). Siwik Anna, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna na emigracji w latach 1945-1956 (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 1998). Siwik Anna, Polskie uchodźstwo polityczne: socjaliści na emigracji w latach 1956-1990 (Kraków: Abrys, 2002). Shain Yossi, The Frontier of Loyalty. Political Exiles in the age of a nation state (Wesleyan University Press, Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1989). Smal-Stocki Roman, The Captive Nations: Nationalism of the Non-Russian Nations in the Soviet Union (New York: Bookman Associates, 1960). Smith Richard Harris, OSS: The Secret History of America’s First Central Intelligence Agency (Guildford, CT: Lyons Press 2005). Smith Tony, American Mission. The United States and the Worldwide Struggle for Democracy (Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2012). Sosin Gene, Sparks of Liberty: an insider’s memoir of Radio Liberty (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania University Press, 2005). Stanek Piotr, Stefan Korboński (1901-1989): działalność polityczna i społeczna (Warsaw: IPN, 2014). Stanek Piotr, “Powstanie i działalność Zgromadzenia Europejskich Narodów Zjednoczonych (ACEN) w świetle Archiwum Feliksa Gadomskiego,” Prace uczestników studium doktoranckiego. Historia 9 (2007). Stern John Allen, C. D. Jackson. Cold War Propagandist for Democracy and Globalism (Lanham: University Press of America Inc., 2012). 430 Bibliography Stonor Saunders Frances, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, The New Press, New York 2001, 2013). Szymczak Robert, “Hopes and Promises: Arthur Bliss Lane, the Republican Party, and the Slavic-American Vote, 1952,” Polish American Studies 45/1 (Spring 1988): 12-28. Taubman William, Krushchev: The Man and His Era (New York, London: W.W. Norton Company: 2003). Trachtenberg Marc, A Constructed Peace. The making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963 (New Jersey: Princeton University Press 1999). Tromly Benjamin, Cold War Exiles and the CIA. Plotting to Free Russia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019). Tyszkiewicz, Jakub, Rozbijanie monolitu. Polityka Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Polski 1945-1988 (Warsaw: PWN, 2015). Ubriaco, Jr., Robert D., “Bread and Butter Politics or Foreign Policy Concerns? Class versus Ethnicity in the Midwestern Polish American Community during the 1946 Congressional Elections,” Polish American Studies 51/2 (Autumn 1994). Urban, George R., Radio Free Europe and the Pursuit of Democracy: My War within the Cold War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997). Urban, George R., The Nineteen Days: A Broadcaster’s Account of the Hungarian Revolution (London: Heinemann, 1957). Valkanier Elizabeth K., “Eastern Europe in Exile,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 317 (May 1958). Van Dongen Luc, Roulin Stéphanie, Scott-Smith Giles (eds.), Transnational Anti-Communism and the Cold War. Agents, Activities, and Networks (New York: Paigrave Macmillan, 2014). Walaszek Adam, Pezda Janusz (eds.) The Polish Diaspora in America and the Wider World, (Kraków: Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2012). Weiner Tim, Legacy of Ashes. The History of the CIA (New York-London-Toronto-SydneyAuckland: Doubleday, 2007). Wilford Hugh, The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America (London-Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). Wolanski Marian, Thomas Lane, Poland and European Integration. The Ideas and Movements of Polish Exiles in the West, 1939-91 (London: Paigrave Macmillan, 2009). Wright Quincy, Subversive Intervention, American Journal of International Law 54/3 (1960). Zahniser Marvin R., Weis W. Michael, “A Diplomatic Pearl Harbor? Richard Nixon’s Goodwill Mission to Latin America in 1958,” Diplomatic History 13/2 (Spring 1989). Zake leva (ed.), Anti-Communist Minorities: The Political Activism of Ethnic Refugees in the United States (New York: Paigrave Macmillan 2009). Ziętara Pawel, Anders, Korboński, Sieniewicz. Szkice z dziejów Drugiej Wielkiej Emigracji (Łomianki: LTW 2016). Ziętara, Emigracja wobec Października. Postawy polskich środowisk emigracyjnych wobec liberalizacji w PRL w latach 1955-1957 (Warszawa: LTW, 2001). Subject Index Neither the footnotes, nor the names listed in appendices were indexed. Abbakuks, Auguste 67 academic elites and intellectuals xiv, 49, 62, 82-83, 89, 92, 105, 110, 136, 201, 237, 243, 249-250, 258, 264, 274-6, 281, 288, 302, 329 Acheson, Dean 154, 211 Ackerson, Garret G. 254 advisory role (of the exiles to the FEC) 57, 66, 69, 322 Africa 78, 83, 164, 181, 183,186 f., 209, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 266, 283, 295, 301, 325 aggression 55, 70,126f., 154,158f., 165, 169 f., 194,198, 211, 221f. agrarians 21, 31 f., 34 agriculture 271, 275 f., 287 Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals 92 Albania xivf., 22, 27, 32-35, 58, 66, 87, 121, 123, 144, 147, 150f., 225f., 339f. Albanian American Literary Society 87, 89 Aldrich, Richard 101 Aldunate, Roberto L. 249 Alessandri, Fernando 250 Alexander, Archibald S. 75, 96, 111, 298 Algeria 130, 136 All American Conference to Combat Commu nism 1 Alliance for Progress 263, 287, 290, 301 Alliance of Latin American Patriots against Colonialism and Imperialism 3 Alter, Victor 91 Altmaier, Jakob 108 Amadeo, Mario 260 American Afro-Asian Educational Exchange 238 American Bulgarian League 87 American Committee for a United Europe 101 American Committee for Cultural Freedom 92 American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, AMCOMLIB 25, 220 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110661002-017 American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, AFL-CIO 48, 87, 145 American Friends of Captive Nations, AFCN 15, 47, 86, 88, 90-98, 138, 142, 172f., 174, 198, 205, 257, 260, 313, 316, 323, 326 American Friends of Vietnam 92 American Hungarian Federation 87, 89 American-Latvian Association 87 American-Lithuanian Council 87 American Security Council 309 Amery, Julien 103 Amigos de la Naciones Cautivas Europeas 257 Amigos de las Naciones Unidas 249 Anders, Władysław 94, 94 f. Andrews, George xv Ankara 25, 43,117 Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, ABN 1, 218 f., 223, 226-8 anti-communist 1, 21, 25, 80, 87, 91f., 135, 149, 165, 187, 191, 202, 214, 216 f., 218, 221f., 225, 228, 230, 233, 235, 254, 265, 270, 274, 277, 309, 314, 324, 329, 333 -opposition in East Central Europe xiiif., 8, 50,124, 151 f., 158, 212, 294, 298, 300 ֊ organizations and groups 88, 90, 93, 95, 99, 137, 221, 241, 243, 257f., 280 - political activities 4f., 16 f., 24, 80-82, 97, 199, 231, 236, 293, 305, 326 Anti-Communist Brazilian Crusade 248 Anti-Communist Freedom Day 215, 234, 238 Anti-Communist League of America 1 apartheid 186 appeasement 117 Aramburu, Pedro Eugenio 249, 253-4 Aramburu, Carlos Aleonada 259 432 Subject Index Arbenz, Jacobo 129 Argentina 46, 80, 146, 160,169, 246, 249, 253f., 256f„ 259, 261f., 266f„ 270, 272, 275, 278, 288 f., 290 Armenia 202 Arosemena, Carlos Julio 258 Arrow Crossists 219 Artigas, José Gervasio 249 Asia 5, 11, 14,16 f., 21, 26, 40, 43, 48, 77f., 83f., 164,178, 180,183, 185-187, 214-218, 220-225, 228, 230-235, 237-239, 294f., 301, 334 Asian Freedom Day 215 Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League, APACL 11, 215, 224 Asian People’s Freedom Day 211, 214 f., 220f., 235f., 302 as-Sa’id, Nuri 160 Assembly of Captive European Nations, ACEN xii, 2-5, 8, 21, 40f., 46-49, 55-57, 79 f., 86, 99, 104,114,135, 285 - 287, 291-296, 301, 321-330 - ACEN House (Captive Nations Center) 29, 40, 64, 77, 149,183 f., 206 - ACEN News 36, 39, 45 f., 73, 95, 160, 171, 177, 183, 209, 269, 308 f., 323 - as voice of the silenced peoples xvi, 21, 37, 84,101, 321 - awards given 48,115-116,192, 200, 226, 311-312 - budget (of ACEN) 5,17, 36, 47, 49, 61, 63f., 114, 268f., 299, 302, 310-313, 338, 334 f., 315-317, 319 - exhibits 43, 48, 89, 195, 243 f„ 265, 302 - member profile xvif., 3f., 21f., 25-27, 32-35, 39, 49 f., 65 f. -organization 22f„ 27-33, 36-38, 74f., 84, 87f., 96 f., 121, 257 - regional representations 17 f., 38 f., 80, 206, 241, 261, 290 - seminars in Latin America 272f., 281 - Strasbourg sessions 12,105-110,180 -world and regional tours 35, 236f., 243, 246, 248 f. Assembly of Captive European Nations, Inc. (1972-1989) If., 4, 9-11, 22f., 27, 43, 45, 57, 108, 133, 141,147, 292, 338, 341 Association of Hungarian Students in North America 245 Association of Uruguayan Friends of the Cap tive Nations 289 associations of friends of captive nations 257, 264, 268 f., 272 atom and nuclear policies 113,116,121, 245, 282 Auer, Pál (Paul) 214, 39, 65 f., 102,129, 135 f., 160, 225 f. Auschwitz xvi-xvii, 138 f. Australia 18, 46, 48,126 f., 131,156,160, 164, 167, 171, 178, 184 f., 216, 236, 315 Austria 32,160 Austrian treaty 159 autonomy (of exiles) 17, 86, 303f., 306, 325, 327, 334 Azerbaijan 202 Babickas, Peter 279 Bachvarova, Svetlana 36 Bagatsing, Ramon 178,184 Baggio, Sebastian 249 Baghdad Pact 80 Bakách-Bessenyey, Gyöorgy [George] Ba!abanov, Nikola 37,102 161 Balkūnas, Msgr. Jonas 89 Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) 9 f., 19, 24, 74 f., 103, 150 f. Baltic Women’s Council 87 Balts (Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians) 5, 26, 65, 89,117 Banaitis, Walter 121 Bandung Declaration, 1955 179 Bang-Jensen, Povl 167, 175-176 Barankovics, István 242, 273 Baráth, Magdolna 19 Barnes, Maynard xv Bartok, László 124 Batista, Fulgencio 131, 250 f., 280, 327 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 263, 280, 332 Beam, Jacob 140, 298 Beaulac, Willard L. 253 Beddington-Behrens, Edward Beichman, Arnold 317 106,119 Subject Index Beijing 211, 221 Beirut 39 Belarus 202 Belaunde, Victor 131,161 Belgium 111, 127, 156, 185 Bentley, Alvin M. 192,196,198 Berle Jr., Adolf A. 237 Berlin Airlift 335 Bersetsche, Martinez 249 Bērziņš, Alfrēds [Jēkabs] 32 Biega, Bolestaw 65, 67, 96 Bjodnieks, Ādolfs 66 Board for International Broadcasting 11, 334 Bolivia 269,272 Bolsheviks 32, 77, 294 Bonn 5, 39, 47, 50,109, 111, 114, 117, 121 Boothe, Luce Claire 25, 73 Bosch, Albert H. 192 Bosch, Juan 287, 289 Bossy, Raoul V. 37 f., 66 Bow, Frank T. 197 boycott (by the exiles) 117, 119 f., 154, 159, 211 Braden, Thomas W. 44, 200 brainwashing 212, 214 Bratislava 32 Braun, Jerzy xiv Brazil 46, 880,127, 131,160 f„ 169, 237, 246, 248, 251, 255, 259, 263f., 266f., 269, 272, 279, 290 Brazilian Center for a Free Europe 243 Brezhnev doctrine 121 Bridge-building, U.S. policy 210, 310 Bridges, Stiles 331 Brinkley, Joseph W. 67, 74, 186, 269, 271, 274, 308 Brioni 123 Brussels 9 f., 62, 117,119, 216, 315 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 324 Bucharest 11,109 Budapest 12 f., 15,19, 32,109,136,151,154, 162,168, 172, 266, 289 Buenos Aires 249, 251, 253 f., 256, 262, 269 f, 272, 274 f., 288 Buffalo 92 Bulganin, Nikolai 123 433 Bulgaria xivf., 6, 22, 58, 102, 123,136, 150, 256, 267 Bulgarian National Committee 6, 27 Bulgarians 34, 48,166 f., 219, 337 Bulnes, Francisco Sanfuentes 49 Bundeswehr 116 Bundy, McGeorge 304 Burdick, Usher L. 192 Burma 179,216 Busek, Vratislav 124,139 Buss, Tālivaldis 256 Butariu, Miron 11, 36 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 26 Cabot Lodge Jr., Henry 128,130,132, 138, 140,154, 305 Caldera, Rafael 242 Campanaro, Anne 67 Canada 189 Capehart, Homer E. 195 captive nations 1-9,16, 21 f., 26, 28, 36, 40, 46, 54, 58, 70, 79 f., 83 f., 88 f., 95, 98, 104, 109, 114 f., 121, 136, 142, 149, 151, 156, 166, 182,189 f., 196,198, 200, 201, 203f., 222f., 235f., 247, 251, 257, 264 f., 267, 270 - 273, 275, 278 f., 282, 293, 298, 302, 306, 321 f., 335, 337 Captive Nations Week 12, 97,182,189 f., 200, 201-210, 244, 258, 264, 268 f., 309 f., 325, 336 Carabajal Victorica, Juan José 9,162 Caracas 247-248, 262, 267, 272 Caranfil, Nicolae George 37 Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation 227 Carnegie Endowment International Center 29 Caro Rodríguez, José María (Cardinal) 249 Carruthers, Susan 1-4 Castano, Rolando 280 Castmeiras, Pedro 253 Castro, Fidel 246, 264, 280, 287 Catholic Church 4,15, 33, 89 censorship 183,309 Center for International Placement 245 Central and Eastern European Federation of Christian Trade Unions 28 - Central European Federation of Christian Trade Unions 37 434 Subject Index Central Intelligence Agency, CIA xv, 3, 5f., 8,10, 13, 43f., 51 f., 57-62, 72, 80, 87, 90, 92,129,195, 218, 223, 263, 267, 280, 283-287, 294-296, 300 f., 303 f., 313, 319, 322-326, 331 f., 334, 336 Centro Húngaro (Argentina) 289 Centro Latinoamericano de Informaciones Democráticas (El Salvador) 243 Chang, Myon 231 Charter of Punta del Este, 1961 263, 281f. Cheme, Leo 142-143,173 Chiang, Kai-shek 212, 215 f., 225, 231 f., 235 f. Chile 242, 246f., 249f., 253 - 256, 263, 265, 267, 272, 275, 289-290 China, Peoples Republic of (Communist) 1, 202, 213, 233, 239, 276, 333 f., 334 China, Republic of (Taiwan) 131,149,151, 156, 162, 171, 178, 215f., 221-224, 231-232, 235, 238, 262 Choi, Woonsang 237 Christian Democratic Center 245 Christian Democratic Union 245, 248 Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe, CDUCE 28, 34f., 38, 242, 273, 284 Christian Democrats 6, 77, 242, 264, 274, 284 Čibiras (Verax), Casimiro 277 Cienfuegos, Camilo 246 Ciolkosz, Adam 116,125,131f. Citizens’ Committee for a Free Cuba 92 citizenship 3, 35, 41, 46, 314, 319 civil rights 23,186, 332 Clay, Lucius 335f. Cleveland, Harland 295 Clifford, Case 332 f. Cold War xiiif., If., 5-9, Ilf., 14f., 18f„ 23, 25, 40, 42, 50, 58, 78, 83, 92, 115, 145, 177 f„ 203, 212, 234, 246, 260, 281, 297, 300, 316, 325, 327 f., 330, 333, 335 collectivization 31f., 152,177 Colombia 127, 156, 244, 257, 263, 267, 270, 272, 274 - 276, 279 - 281, 288 colonialism 11, 47, 58, 73f., 84,107,109, 135, 163, 178-182, 184-186, 234, 295, 323 Colson, Charles 333 f. Cotumbus Day 304 Cominform 26 commemorations (public, by exiles) 48, 50, 77,134, 171,177-8, 201, 205-6, 228, 234-5, 238, 244, 249, 268, 289, 294 Committee against Mass Expulsions 91 Committee for a Fair Trial for Draža Mihailo vich 91 Committee for a Just Peace with Italy 91 Committee for Free Asia 217 Committee for Free Czechoslovakia 25-30 Committee for Free Estonia 27 Committee for Free Latvia 27 Committee for Free Lithuania 27 Committee for Self-Determination 245, 284 Committee of Civic Organizations of Republic of China in Support of Struggle for Free dom Behind the Iron Curtain 222 Committee of One Million 92 Committee to Aid Britain by Reciprocal Trade 91 Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies 91 Communist xiiif., xvi, 1, 21, 23f., 31, 36, 43, 49, 55, 77, 79, 81 f., 97, 118,130, 134,138 f„ 143 f., 154, 163, 172, 174, 177, 179 f., 183, 185, 195, 202 f., 212 f., 217, 220, 224 f., 228, 230, 246, 262 f„ 269f., 273f., 277, 282, 298, 306, 318, 334 f., 337 ֊ delegates to the UN 29,123,126,183, 289 f., 291f., 295, 321 - propaganda 58, 71, 75, 83, 98,114,146, 221, 253, 269, 281, 287 f., 293, 302, 321 - regimes 1, 11, 15, 35, 53, 58, 76, 104, 109, 123 f., 127, 144,147, 150 f., 183, 211, 218, 222 f., 226, 233, 239, 244, 251, 271, 297, 310 f., 315, 321, 324, 326, 328 f., 329, 333, 340 - subversion/overthrow/takeover xiv, 3, 15, 24, 60, 70, 82, 88, 198, 209, 242, 259, 269, 272, 276, 236, 272, 276, 292 Condon, Richard 103 Confederation to Defend Latin American Con tinent 248 Subject Index 435 Conference of Americans of Central and East Cyprus European Descent, CACEED 15, 36, 88 f., 92, 94 f., 99, 159, 205 Congress for Cultural Freedom 101,138 Cyrankiewicz, Józef 123, 136,138-139,145 Czechoslovakia xivf, 22, 27, 44, 50, 58, 66, 102, 121, 136, 150, 189, 211, 213, 226, 237, 256 Czechoslovak National Council of America 87, 89 Czernichowska Irena 19 Congress for the Defense of Culture 250 Congressional Record 36, 46,189C, 191f., 193 f., 198 f., 200, 210, 339 Copenhagen 115,121 Cornut-Gentille, Bernard 156 Cossackia 202 Costa Leite da, João Pinto 111 Coste, Brutus 31, 33, 66, 84, 119, 131-2, 157,162, 176, 223, 255, 259, 266, 269-70, 303, 305-19 Council Against Communist Aggression 1, 238 Council of Baltic Women (New York) 28, 38 Council of Europe 8, 15,18, 23, 29, 69, 74, 77, 79 f., 101, 103-106, 108-110, 112, 115, 117, 120f., 139, 157, 160, 169, 292294, 298, 323 f. Council of European Women in Exile 28, 37 Council of Free Czechoslovakia 10, 27 Council of Free Youth of Central and Eastern Europe (Paris) 28, 38 coup d’état xiv, 32,130, 272, 287 covert funding 319, 332 covert operations 9,140 Crawford, William A. 134 Crittenberger, Willis 163 Croats 226 Crusade for Freedom 2, 6, 59, 93, 218 f., 293, 311 f. Cuba 246, 250 - 251, 255, 263 - 264, 280, 290 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 23f., 26, 43, 81, 234, 297 Cuban Revolution 81, 239, 245 f. Cultural Assistance Uruguay-Free Hungary 265 Cultural Boliviana (radio) 279 Cundinamarca 281 Cunha, Paulo A.V. Ill Curzon line 91 Cutzarida, Radu 256, 260 CX 50 Radio Independencia CX 58 Radio Clarín 278 277 142 Dalai, Lama 235 Danielopol, Dumitru 317 Danubian Inquiry 101 Dargas, Antoni 46,121 Davies, Clement 103 Davis, Richard H. 185 Debrecen 154 decolonization 84,180, 239 defector 177, 184, 212, 214 Dehousse, Fernand 48, 139,157 Delgado, Mudo F. 67,116,118,120, 281, 316, 318 Democratic Party (U.S.) 96,192,196, 209, 305-306, 313, 315 Denmark 46, 111, 161, 167 Dent, Harry 337 Department of State 5, 8,13, 40-43, 52, 57-59, 62, 67, 74, 106, 109 f., 119 f., 129,132 f., 135,140, 165, 175, 179 f., 185, 207, 223, 251, 298, 315, 322, 327, 333-339 deportation 36, 55, 170, 292 Derwinski, Edward J. 192,197, 200 détente 217, 297, 334, 337 Diem, Ngo Dinh 224, 235 f. differentiation policy (U.S.) 86, 306 Dillon, Douglas 106, 208 Dimitrov, Georgi M. “Gemeto” xv, 30-31, 33, 66, 102, 129, 131-132, 142, 146, 185,197, 303, 312, 319 Dineva, Detelina 358 Dingėti, John D. 196 diplomats 4,18, 21, 29, 33 f., 39, 49,105, 298 Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil de Cuba, Cali (Colombia) 280 discontent (stimulating behind the Iron Cur tain) 33, 53,124, 212, 329 436 Subject Index division of Europe 107,117 Dobriansky, Lev E. 12,201-204, 223, 225-227 Dobrynin, Anatoly 176 Dodd, Thomas J. 192,197,199, 200, 224, 308, 313, 318 Dolapchiev, Nikola 136 Dolbeare, Frederic 219 Domachowska Agata 358 Dominican Republic 5, 23f., 47f., 160,185, 316, 327 Dominick, Peter H. 237 Donovan, William J. 94 Dosti, Hasan 37 Duke, Angier Biddle 94,174 Dulles, Allen W. 43 f., 85, 195 Dulles, John F. 36, 40 f„ 54, 69, 106, 109, 123, 138, 141, 145, 157, 205, 322 Dunning John L. 281 Durán, Julio 250 Durin-Hornyik, Veronika 6 Düsseldorf 68 Dunning John L. 281 Durán, Julio 250 Durin-Hornyik, Veronika 6 Düsseldorf 68 East Central Europe xiii-xvi, 1, 4f., 8f., 14, 21 f., 26f., 36, 42, 44, 49, 55, 58ff., 68, 76, 84, 91, 95 f., 99,103 f., 107,110, 120, 158,164, 166, 169,177,184, 187, 190 f., 194-198, 202, 208, 226, 235 f., 238 f., 244, 248 f., 258 f„ 269-271, 275 f., 279 f., 289, 300, 302, 311, 322324, 327, 329 f. - definition of 18,24-27 - ethnic voting bloc in the U.S. 159,190, 192,199 f., 203 f., 305, 336 -world diaspora 14f., 25, 34, 48, 80, 89, 241, 248 Eastman, James 331 Ecuador 127, 160, 258, 264, 267, 269 f., 272, 275 f., 279 f. Eden, Anthony 127, 136 educating the elites (by the exiles) 40, 46, 93, 185 Egypt 153, 241 Ehrlich, Henryk 91 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 2-5,7-10,13, 16-24, 28, 31, 34, 37f., 42, 74 - doctrine 168 - President’s Committee on Information Ac tivities Abroad (The Sprague Commit tee), 1960 299 elections 3, 9, 34, 36, 50f„ 75f., 96,123, 132,141,145,147, 149f., 161f., 182, 184, 196, 245 f, 272, 312, 322, 334, 340 - elections, U.S. 95,158, 192, 297 - fraudulent xiii f., 3, 27, 45,130 Elow, Adavia 19 El Prado (radio station) 279 El Salvador 258 émigrés 10, 23, 27, 41, 49 f., 52, 57 f., 76, 89, 102, 147, 170, 220, 223, 248, 250, 255, 293, 296, 334, 336, 338 Emisora Central (radio) 279 Emmet, Christopher T. 14, 88, 91-98,138, 174-175, 198, 221, 309, 313 - 318, 326 f. Ernő, Gero 152 Escape 1, 3, 27, 49, 89, 93, 97, 235 - escapee 89, 212 Estonia xiii, 22, 24, 27, 58, 66f„ 123,194, 211, 256, 267 Estonian Evangelic-Lutheran Conference 87 Estonian House 339 Estonian National Committee in the USA 87 ethnics 3, 88f., 90, 97f., 159, 260, 306 European Council for World Freedom 216 European Freedom Council 227 European integration 15, 36,101, 104,107, 120 European Movement 102,106, Ulf., 117120, 315 executions 170, 174, 177, 292 Executive Committee (of the CIA) 13, 57, 59-62, 263, 283-287, 301, 307 Executive Committee (of the FEC Board of Di rectors) 13, 62, 294, 298 f., 301, 304, 323 exiles xiii ff., 1-18, 21-28, 34f., 37, 40-44, 47-51, 53-58, 60 f., 63, 65 f., 68-74, 76-86, 87f., 90, 94 f., 97, 101105,107-119, 124 f., 128-137, 146 f., 149 f., 158-166,168 f., 172,175-178, Subject Index 180-187,190,193 ff., 197, 200, 202, 204-207, 210, 214, 222, 224, 228 f., 234, 237, 241-244, 247, 250 f., 260 f., 264, 266, 268 ff., 272, 276, 280 f., 283, 286, 289, 291, 293-299, 301-307, 310 f., 315-319, 321-330 -definition 3f. - networks 16, 39 f., 70, 80,105,187, 241, 242, 257, 325 Fabian, Béla xvi f., 126, 138,174, 260 Faget, Maria Sara 289 fascists 31,114, 220, 289 Faure, Maurice 136 f., federalism 1,101,107 Federation of Women’s Clubs 38 Feighan, Michael A. 194 Fic, Miroslav V. 36 Fitelson, William 142 f. Flanagan, Richard H. 67 Flood, Daniel J. 192, 196f., 200 Fong, Hiram 224 forced labor 36 f., 55 Foreign Affairs Round Table on the WEVD sta tion in New York 91 Foreign Agents Registration Act 60, 87 France 29, 46, 80, 103, 105,110, 112,115, 127, 130, 137, 151, 153, 156, 160, 169 François-Poncet, André 111 Franklin, Benjamin 235 Frashëri, Midhat 11 Frashëri, Ragip 121 Frazer jr., John 90 Free Albania Committee 27, 339 freedom 1-2, 22 f., 41, 46, 58, 70, 92-95, 103 f., Ill, 118-121, 124, 133 f., 139, 142-147, 150, 156-164, 169, 178, 182f., 195, 198, 201-209, 212, 217f., 222, 224f., 227-230, 232f., 235, 239, 242, 267, 269, 275 f., 291f., 301, 306, 310, 321, 323, 326, 336-340 Freedom Day 17, 134, 211, 215, 223, 228239, 291 Freedom Fighters (Hungarians) 134,144, 164, 173 ff., 222, 224, 327, 333 freedom train 2 Freedom Week 229 437 Free Europe Citizens’ Service, FECS 71, 172 Free Europe Committee, FEC 1-19, 51-86, 291-319 - budget (of FEC) 58f., 63, 65, 68, 72f., 282, 293f., 300f., 305 - control of exile activities 42, 56, 62f., 68f., 72, 80, 98 f., 283f., 295f., 305, 307, 308, 325, 327, 331 ֊ Division of Exile Relations, DER, FEER 7, 55, 57, 63, 71-74, 77 ff., 85, 90, 98, 108, 125, 155, 293, 329 Free Europe Organizations and Publications, FEOP 63, 74, 134, 181, 245, 291, 299 Free Europe Press, FEP 3f., 45, 61-63, 71, 257, 265, 293 Free Europe University in Exile, FEUE 6, 62 free world (non-Communist states) xiv, 1-8, 15, 21, 23, 29, 38, 47, 61, 70, 77, 79, 84, 86, 101,112, 123, 126, 130, 132, 134 f., 141, 144, 146 f., 149, 154, 156, 163, 165, 167, 171 f., 177, 179, 182, 183, 230, 232ff., 245, 261f., 266f„ 270, 292 ff., 301 f„ 321, 323 f., 327, 329, 331, 334 Freiburg 91 Frei Montalva, Eduardo 242 Friends of Captive Nations 18, 30, 32 f., 83, 88, 302, 323 front organization 81-82, 91-92, 323, 334 Fulbright, William J. 224, 332 f. fundraising 95 Gabaccia, Donna 19 Gadomska, Jadwiga 19 Gadomski, Feliks xvii, lOf., 31, 36, 41, 48, 63, 89, 94, 107, 116, 121, 169, 186, 289, 321, 334, 340 Gaete, Luis Cornejo 258, 267, 270, 276, 279 f. Gafencu, Grigore 102,160 Galandere, Lewis 14, 53f., 57, 62, 82, 270 Gamarotta, Juan Carlos 278 Gamarra, Francisco 249 Garret, Stephen 204 Gaspar, Edmund 186, 256f., 260, 264֊ 278, 281, 288-289, 303, 314 438 Subject Index gatekeepers 319, 325 Gdańsk xiii, 33 Gebhardt, Stanisław 19, 321 Geneva 97, 106, 140, 175, 224 Geneva Conference, 1955 47, 86,106 f., 123 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 1949 170, 211f. Georgia 202 Germany 49f., 54, 106, UOf., 116,137, 197 - East; German Democratic Republic 24, 27, 130,133, 202 ֊ West; Federal Republic of Germany 76, 80, 91,114, U6f., 169, 235, 298, 333 Gërmenji, Themistokli 32 Gërmenji, Vasil xvii, 31 f., 225-227, 310, 313 Gimesz, Miklós 174 Glassboro 297 Goedhart, Frans J. 106,108, 111 Góis de, Monteiro Pedro Aurélio 248 Goldberg, Arthur J. 238 Goldwater, Barry 313 Gomes, Souza 161 Gomułka, Władysław 146 government in exile xiv, 26, 52, 58, 91, 119, 147, 173,199 Granja Estrella, Luis Eduardo 279 Graužinis, Kazimieras 251f. Great Britain xv, 32, 46, 92,118,136, 151, 153,156,161 - British assistance to exiled politicians xv, 128, 132, 136 Greenwood, Arthur 103 Griffith, William E. 103, 297 Grisonas, Anatolius 278 Gross, Ernest A. 304 Gross, Feliks 51 Guatemala 129-130,160,264,268 Güell, Gonzalo 250 Guevarra, Ernesto Che 246 Gulf of Tonkin (incident) 332, 234 Guimaraes, Ulysses 161 Guttenberg von und zu Freiherr, Karl Theodor 311 Gyula, Kovács 174 Hague 138 Hague Congress, 1948 102 Hajdú, George 174 Hall, Thomas R. xv Halpern, Seymour 192 Halychyn, Dmytro 89 Hamilton, Ira C. xv Hammarskjöld, Dag 127, 153, 157 f., 174 f. Harriman, Averell 133 f. Hart-Celler Act of 1965 264f. Hatami, Abolhassan 176 Havana 247, 251, 255 Hawley, Haven E. 67 Healy Jr., William L. 67 Héderváry de, Claire 171,173 Hegedűs, András 152 Heikkilä, Pauli 358 Helfant, Henry 256 Helsinki Youth Festival 245 Henderson, Horace E. 267, 282, 305 Hennyey, Gustav 39,114 Henry, Patrick 235 Herter, Christian A. 97 Hidalgo Zelaya, Luis Roberto 243, 258, 288 Hohler, Henry A. F. “Harry” 136 Holub, Václav 136 Honduras 258, 264 Hong Kong 215 Hoover Institution Archives, HIA 12-14,19, 92 Hoover Jr., Herbert 247, 255 hope (maintaining behind the Iron Curtain) 3, 54, 70, 85, 134, 208, 230, 292, 301, 306, 337 Horm, Arvo 225 Horváth, János 19, 275 f., 321 Howard, Keyana 19 Hruška, Roman L. 200 Hsueh, Yu-Chi 162, 232 Hsu, Victor 216 Hughes, John C. Ill, 300, 304 humanism 242 Humanitás 28, 37 Human Rights 23, 36, 88,104,107,130, 138 f„ 146, 150,170, 198, 235, 272, 275 f. Humphrey, Hubert 198 Subject Index Hungarian Committee 27, 97f., 168,173, 245, 265 f., 317 f. Hungarian Freedom Fighters 173f., 327, 333 Hungarian Freedom Fighters Federation 173 Hungarian National Council 27,144,157, 173, 222, 229, 260, 265 Hungarian National Sports Federation (in exile) 6 Hungarian Red Cross Relief Committee 265 Hungary xiv-xvi, 16, 22, 32, 58, 96,102, 107, 123, 150, 152-177, 179, 182, 185, 194, 196, 221 f., 233, 246, 255 f., 259, 261, 265, 267, 273, 295, 304, 340 - Revolution of 1956 5,16, 29, 32, 54, 148, 151, 155, 158, 163 f., 167 f., 170 f., 172, 174, 177 f., 182, 187, 221, 224, 233, 246, 260, 264 f., 289, 292-294, 303, 325, 334 Hungary Under Soviet Rule (by ACEN) 47, 97 f., 149,171 f. Huston, Cloyce K. 98,134, 291 Ibáñez del Campo, Carlos 249, 254 lde!-Ural 202 ideological gueriUas 80-82 Ignatavitius Msgr. 279 Immigration History Research Center, IHRC 12,19 immigration to the U.S. 228f., 265 - by the exiles xvi, 75, 264, 266 India 213, 235, 325 Indochina 81, 221 industry 201, 275 infighting 16, 24, 49, 303 f. - among exiles 44, 116, 256, 312 - between ACEN and FEC 84,109f., 119, 303-309, 311, 313, 318 Institute for international Youth Affairs 245 Inter-American Bar Association 257 Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIO 241 inter-ethnic cooperation in exile 50 International Advisory Council 245 International Broadcasting Act, 1973 334 International Center for Social Research 245 439 International Development Foundation, IDF 83, 283 International Feature Service 245 International Federation of Free Journalists, Free News Service, FNS 245 International Free Academy of Sciences and Letters (Paris) 37 f. International League for the Rights of Man (also as: for Human Rights) 176 International Peasant Union, IPU 28, 31, 34 f., 56,129 International Union of Students 242 Iran 127,156 Iraq 156,160 f., 216 Ireland 192 Iron Curtain 2f., 6,11,15, 37, 58, 71, 75, 88, 93, 95, 107,112, 120, 125 f., 132, 134, 147, 149, 155, 168, 177, 194, 201, 208 f., 214, 217, 222, 235, 244, 247 f., 257, 292, 322, 324, 329, 337, 344 Italy 46, 80, 111 lujnevich, Ceferino 278 lujnevich, Francisco J. 276, 278 Jackson, C.D. 13f., 24, 51, 85, 96, 98,112, 195, 282, 298, 300, 322 Jackson, William H. 51, 57, 217f., 299 Jaksch, Wenzel 311 Jandrey, Frederick W. 43 Japan 80,169,179, 222 Javits, Jacob K. 48,192,195 f., 200, 202 Jenner, William 331 Jewish Labor Committee 137 Jinhae (also as: Chinhae) 215, 217 Johnson, A. Ross 2, 5-8,13-14,19, 21f., 42, 44, 52, 54-5, 59, 69f., 72, 155, 220, 296-299, 306, 308-310, 313, 316, 331f., 332, 334 Johnson, Lyndon B. 209f., 332 Johnson, U. Alexis 42 Jordan, William M. 167,173 f. Joynes-Walker, Jerome 19 JUS publishing house, Mexico 273-4 Kádár, Janos 152, 154, 164 f., 175, 295 Kádár Lynn, Katalin 6,10,19, 59 Kaiser, Wolfram 7 440 Subject Index Kappel, Albert D. 67,115, 225, 274 f., 277, 280, 305, 307-312, 315 Karaganda labor camp 134 Katek, Charles xv Katzenbach, Nicholas 332 Katzenstein, Rodolfo 278 Kaunas 30 Keating, Kenneth B. 192,196,199 Kecskés, Gusztáv 178 Kelly, Edna F. 192 Kendrick, J. T. 109 Kennan, George F. 24f., 51, 54, 329 Kennedy, John F. 8, 94,112,196 f., 209, 234, 263, 297, 300, 304, 306 Kennedy, Robert 81 Kenya 143 Kersten, Charles J. 194-196 Khrushchev, Nikita 42, 84, 86,123-125, 142, 178, 181-184, 204, 207 f., 210, 303 Kim, ll-sung 211, 213 Király, Béla 66, 168, 174, 222, 224 Kirschen, Leonard 274 Kissinger, Henry 335-337 Knowland, William F. 94,145 Kohler, Foy D. 109 f., 175, 180 Kokoshi, Gjergj xiv Kolk, Raimond 67 Korbońska, Zofia 19 Korboński, Stefan xii-xvii, lOf., 14, 31f., 35, 65 f., 80, 109 f., 113f., 116,119,145, 161,173,180,184, 204, 236 f., 246252, 255, 276 f., 310 f., 315, 319, 321, 335, 338-340 Korea 154, 202, 213-215, 224 - North, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 202 f„ 224 - South, Republic of Korea 149, 202 f., 225, 230 f., 234, 237, 239 Korean Freedom Day 215, 230 Korean War 211 f„ 214, 221 Kosicki, Piotr H. 6,19 Kossuth Foundation 245 Kosygin, Alexei 297 Kotta, Kcço 33 Kotta, Nuci xvii, 31, 33, 66 Kovács, Bela xiv, 31, 245 Kovács, Imre 32 Kővágó, József 31f., 66,168, 266 Kraft, Giullermo 274 Krasniqi, Rexhep 66 Krek, Miha 34 Kubitschek, Juscelino 248 Ku, Cheng-kang 220, 222, 226 Kuomintang 211 Kütt, Aleksander 31-32, 66-67, 236, 306, 308 La Fayette de, Marie Joseph 134 Laguardia, A. (Miss) 276 Laļti, István 38 Laloy, Jean 136 Landaburu, Laureano 249 Landsbergis, Algirdas 36 Lang, Robert 57, 68 Laos 160, 224, 234 taptos, Józef xiii, 19 Larrain, Luis Valdes 249 Latin America 5,17, 39, 43, 77 f., 80-83, 145,164,178,187, 206, 228, 239, 241֊ 250, 255, 259 - 274, 277 ff., 281-290, 294 f., ЗОЇ, 325, 334 Latvia xiii-xvii, 22, 24, 27, ЗО, 32, 58, 67, 123, 194, 211, 256, 267 la Voz de Polonia Libre (radio program) 278 la Voz de Riobamba 279 League and Union of American-Romanian So cieties 87 League of Nations ЗО Lebanon 39, 241, 283 Legal Commission for Poznań Trials, New York 138,142 legitimacy (of exile political representations) 7-9, 35, 49, 79, 86 Leich, John F. 11, 19, 26, 67f., 71ff., 87, 98,118,120, 219, 324, 327, 339 Lettrich, József 31 f., 66, 312, 319 Lewis Jr., Fulton 331 Liberal Democratic Union of Central Eastern Europe, LDUCEE 28 liberation xiv, 3f., 22 f., 51, 81, 85, 93, 95 f., 107,120, 124,126,132, 136, 146, 149,163, 168, 208, 226, 232, 235, 254, 321, 324 - U.S. policy of 40, 54, 58, 69, 334 Subject Index life under communism 2, 31,170,180, 229, 242, 248, 275, 289 Lima 248, 250, 262 f„ 267, 270, 272 Limb, Ben C. 230 Lincoln, Abraham 195, 235 Lisbon 33 Lithuania xiii, 22ff., 27, 58, 67, 123, 194, 211, 256, 267 lobbying 3, 16, 22, 46 f., 49, 108, 117, 151, 190, 201, 203 f., 245, 255, 261, 292 f., 307 London 5,14, 27, 30, 33, 94, 101, 103, 105, lllf., 114, 118 f., 121, 132, 135 f., 159, 311f., 339 L.R. Radiodifusora Antártida 278 Lukasiewicz, Sławomir 8,10,19 Macao 216 Maček, Vladko 34 Machrowicz, Thaddeus M. 145, 196 Macmillan, Harold 102 Maim, Nikoai 66 Majer, Vaclav 237 Malaya 216 Maleter, Pál 170,174, 177 Maisin, Raphael 98 Manhattan xvi, 149, 281, 206 Manila 218, 221, 223, 232, 235, 238 Maniu, Uiu xiv Manley, Conrad 252 Mara, Nicolas 270 Marinescu, Aurel Sergiu 11 Marshal Piłsudski Association 278 Marshall Plan 101, 263 Martin, David 318 Martinez Gómez, Fernando 259 Martin, Jr., Joseph W. 196 Marxists 288 Masaryk, Jan xv Māsēns, Vilis xvif., 30f., 33, 43, 56, 66f., 105, 109 f., 126, 135 f., 145, 161, 163, 169,186, 246 f., 251-255, 321 mass (religious ceremony) 205, 244, 258, 260 Mathias Jr., Charles Mc. C. 203 Mauthausen 139 Max, Alphonse 276 441 Mazurkiewicz, Marcjanna 19 McCargar, James xiii, 26, 67, 77, 98,108, 293 McCarthyism 213, 218 McClure, Robert A. 212 McCormack, John W. 196, 202 McDonald, Robert E. 60 McDowell, Arthur G. 238 McHale, Edward 98 McNulty, Henry P. 84, 96, 229 Meany, George 48 Mei, Aksel 37 meritorious exile program 7,18, 63, 65, 302 Merrill, Frederick T. 56, 67, 229 Mewshaw, Franklin A. 140 Mexico 46, 80,169, 243 f., 246, 273 f., 288 Mexico City 256, 276 f. Meyer, Cord 85, 195, 200, 259, 267, 270, 272, 282, 304, 319 Michael (King of Romania) xvii Michalak, Władysław xvii, 237 Mickelson, Sig 44 Mid-European Studies Center, MESC 4, 61, 101 Middle East 43,140, 153,164,168 Middle East Solidarity Council 216 Midtown Letter Service Co., Inc. 46 migration xiiif., 19, 27, 34f., 107 Mihailovič, Draža 138 Mikkonen, Simo 10 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław xv, 27, 34, 66,102, 125 Mikoyan, Anastas 152 Minton, Robert 181, 266 Misuinas, Carlos 278 Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic 26 Mollet, Guy 127 Molnar, Mirjam 19 Monagan, John S. 196 Montevideo 248, 251, 256, 262, 265, 270, 276 f., 288 f„ 414 Morawski, Kajetan 66,160 Moscow 15, 76, 109, 123 f., 126, 133, 142, 149,151,174,180, 183, 204, 206, 221, 246, 275, 282, 292, 300, 304, 314, 337 442 Subject Index Movimiento Cristiano del Uruguay Pro Defen sa de ia Libertad y los Derechos Mumanos 243 Mowrer, Edgar Ansel 317 Mundt, Kari E. 224 257 f., 261, 264, 268 f., 273, 275, 292, 298, 317, 324, 338 f., 341 New Zealand 168 Munich 62, 67f., 109, Ulf., 115,145, 219, 222, 297 f., 317, 333 Murphy, Robert D. 161 Myroniuk, Hälynä 19 Nixon, Richard M. 262 f., 297, 305, 332334, 337 Nixon-Lodge ticket 305 non-aligned nations/countries 81,113,179 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO 76, 80,101f., 117,155, 166, 340 Novedades de la ANCE 45, 257, 269 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963 282 nuncio (papal) 248f., 251 Nurkiewicz, Ignatius 88 Nagórski Sr., Zygmunt 129 f. Nagy, Ferenc 31f., 233-234, 236, 282 Nagy, Imre 152-154, 168, 170, 174,177 Nanticoke 192 National Archives at College Park, NARA il 13 National Captive Nations Committee, NCNC 1, 12f., 201, 205, 223, 225, 227f., 235 national committees and councils (East Cen tral European in exile) 3, 7, 22, 56 f., 103, 155, 229, 304 National Committee for a Free Europe - see Free Europe Committee (FEC) National Committee for Free Albania - see Free Albania Committee national communism 40,124, 331, 335 National Confederation of American Ethnic Groups 87 nationalist globalism 208 National Labor Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno-trudovoi soiuz) 218220 National Representation of Free Hungary 173 National Security Act, 1947 60 National Security Council, NSC 52, 339 National Student Association 332 naturalization 35 Nazis 32, 48, 219 Ñecas, Daniel 19 Negaro, de Lima Francisco 248 Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission 213 New Left 332 News From Behind the Iron Curtain 257 New York 169, 174,177f., 181, 186, 193, 195, 199 f., 206, 225 f„ 229 f., 244, Nicaragua 160 Niebuhr, Reinhold Quemoy 236 Quirino, Elpidio 173 215 racial discrimination 186,197 Raczyński, Eward 66, 102, 119 Radio Belgrano 289 Radio Bolivariana 276 Radio Ecuatoriana 279 Radio Free Asia, RFA 12, 218 Radio Free Europe, RFE 2-7,12f., 44, 52-54, 59-61, 69 f., 72, 114, 116, 155, 218, 226, 296, 298 f., 309, 328, 331f., 334-336 Radio in American Sector, RIAS 52 Radio Liberty, RL 6,12,14, 25, 52, 54, 59 f., 137, 299, 328, 331f. Radio Sutatenza 279 Radio Vanguardia 279 Radio Vera Cruz 279 Ramadier, Paul 103 Ramsbotham, Peter E. 128 Rapacki, Adam 127 Rasin, Miroslav 256 Raška, Francis D. 19, 358 Ratiu, Ion 102,119 Ray, John H. 119 refugees xii, xvi, 3f., 16, 23, 36 f„ 44, 54, 71, 75, 81 f., 89, 93,105-107, 113,117120,123,125,128,133, 141, 143, 147, 150, 170, 175, 197, 210, 222, 234, 236, 238, 247, 254, 329 Subject Index Regules, Dardo 249 Rehak, Edmund 39,121 Rei, August 102 Reisch, Alfred 6 repatriation 55,211-214, 254 Republican Party (U.S.) 96, 192, 305 f., 311 ff„ 315 Ressel, Edward 256 f., 272 Retinger, Joseph (Józef) 102 Reuss, Henry S. 196 Reyman, Karl 226 Reynaud, Paul 103 Rhee, Syngman 215, 231 Richardson Jr., John 2, 60f., 72,113, U7f., 282, 286, 299-306, 308, 311, 313, 316 f„ 324 Riga 30 Rio de Janeiro 243, 248, 257, 270, 272, 277, 279 Rio Grande (U.S. border) 241, 259 Ripka, Hubert 102 Rochambeau de, Jean-Baptiste 134, 291 Rockefeller, Ne(son 195 Rojas, Isaac 249 Rojek Fr., Arthur W. 142 Romania xivf., 22, 33, 50, 58,102,119, 123, 150,185, 211, 247, 256, 267, 274, 315, 319 Romanian American National Committee 88 f. Romanian National Committee 27 Romanians 34, 48, 65, 117, 220, 311, 337 Rome 48,101, 121,136 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 133 - Four Freedoms Speech 208 Ross, Thomas B. 331 Roulin, Stéphanie 10 Roux, Jacques 160 Rowson, Richard C. 41, 62, 302 Rozmarek, Charles 96 Rusk, Dean 42, 86,112, 281 f., 299f., 306 f., 332 Russians 24f., 40, 202, 218f., 333 Rybicki, Roman W. 19 Rymančius, Wenceslao 278 Rymarz, Teresa and Zdzisław 19 Ryukyu 215 443 Saigon 215 f., 223, 227, 235-237 Sainte-Marie Soruco, Osvaldo 250 Salgado, Clovis 248 Samsel, Stanisław 278 San Diego 317 Sandinista 290 San Martin, José de 249 Santiago 247, 249, 251f., 256, 267, 270, 272, 276 São Paulo 248, 272 Savarius, Vincent 274 schism 49,118 Schuman, Robert HOf. Scott-Smith, Giles 10 Scranton 192 Scutaru Beatrice 358 self-determination (principle) 14, 21, 29, 43, 45, 48, 50, 55, 82, 88, 114, 146, 157, 162, 185-187, 222, 234, 295, 300 Seoul 215 f., 224, 227, 231 Separatists 24 f., 219, 226 - Slovak 219 - Ukrainian 25, 219 Serbs 226 Shepardson, Whitney H. 56f., 105,135 Sherer, Albert W. 110 Shmelev, Anatol 19 show trials 144, 146 Sidzikauskas, Vaclovas 170f., 175,185186, 223, 231, 235-236, 238, 266, 318 Siekierski, Maciej 19 Sieniewicz, Konrad 242 Simon, László 288-289 Simon, Peter 19 Simpson, Christopher 13, 19 Singapore 216,236 Sirutis, Stany 257, 274 Siudyla, Wanda 276, 278 Skoryna-Lipski, Jerzy 270, 273-276, 288 slave labor 211 Śleszyński, Janusz 242, 284 Śliwiński, Stanisław 256, 262 Slovaks 34, 48, 117, 220, 226 Slovakia 25,340 Slovenes 226 Sobolev, Arkady 164 Subject Index Socialist Union of Central Eastern Europe, SUCEE 28, 159 social progress 82 soft power 8, 263 Soumar, Bolesław 66 South East Asia Treaty Organization, SEATO 80 Soviet Bloc (satellite countries) 40, 52, 61, 82,197, 209 f., 254, 298, 300, 304, 313, 340 - troops, withdrawal of 50, 123, 132, 145, 152, 154, 159, 161-166,169, 182, 247, 322, 334 Soviet Union, USSR xv, 1, 10, 24 f., 36, 54, 81, 109, 112 f., 117, 123 ff., 128-135, 142, 145-147, 149-153,156 f., 162 ff., 166,169 f., 175 f., 180 ff., 194 f., 197, 202, 204 f., 209, 212, 224, 236, 245 f., 247, 256, 259, 264, 297, 300, 304, 330, 332 ff. - as coionial empire 85, 179,180, 182, 194 Spain 46, 80,160 Special Committee to watch over the Inter ests of European Nations not represent ed in the Council of Europe 104,157 sputnik 78 Stanek, Piotr 10,19 Stansky, Jan 67, 275-276 Stetsko, Yaroslav 219 Stevens, Francis B. 132 Stevenson, Adlai 141, 145,158 Stevenson-Kefauver Campaign Committee 158 f. stipends for exile leaders 18, 50, 60, 300, 335 Stockholm 39,48 Stonek, Eva R. 289 Strasbourg ЗО, 38, 46, 48, 80,104,105 f., 114-117, 121,169, 180 struggle for hearts and minds 11,179, 290 Struna, Marijan 38 Stypulkowski, Zbigniew 135 Suez Canal, crisis 1956 79,142,153-155, 158 Sumulong, Lorenzo 183 f., 221 support for exile activities 21 f. -ethnic 1-6, 8-13, 15-17, 21, 28f., 57, 61, 66-68, 75, 79 -financial 3, 6-9,12-14,17f., 23-26, 29, 31, 36 f., 39, 41-43, 45, 47, 69 - foreign 1-28, 32-34, 36-41, 45, 47, 53 f., 57-63, 65-67, 71, 76 -political 1-69,71,73-78 Sweden 46,127,156, 213 Switzerland 2, 6, 32, 106, 111, 213 Szász, Béla 274 Széchényi, Andres 289 Szent-Miklosy, István 174 Szilágyi, József 174 Taft jr., Robert 237 Taipei 162, 211, 216, 220-223, 225-227, 231 f., 235 Taiwan 10,16,144,149,151,156,162,171, 178, 211f., 214-216, 221f., 225, 227, 231-236, 238 f. Talvari, Evald 256 Tamoslunas, Myk M. 244, 274 f., 279 Tanner, Sophia S. 19 Tarnowski, Jan 256 Teheran (Conference) 211 Thailand 161,168,179, 215 f., 227 Thaw (post-Stalinist relaxation) 86,145 f., 152 Tibet 14, 185, 224, 235 Tito, Josip Broz 26,123 Tokyo 224, 236 Torres de Leon, Fernand 276 Toth, Csanad 275 f. trade unionism 28, 37, 68,125,137, 160, 201, 237, 242, 267 Tran, Tam 216, 222-224, 236 f. Trimakas, Antanas 67 Trinh, Duong 19 Tromly, Benjamin 10, 220 Truitt, George A. 78, 80f., 241, 280f. Trujillo, Rafael Leonidas 24, 47, 327 Tsankov, Aleksandar 219 Tsiang, Tingiu F. 131, 162,178,184, 222, 230, 232, 262 Turkestan 202 Subject Index Turkey 179, 216 Tustanowskl, Roman 278 U-2 incident 332 Ukraine 24-26,202 - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 26 Ukrainian Congress Committee of America 89, 201 Ukrainians 24 f., 48, 89, 98 f„ 219 Ulmanis, Karlis 32 uncommitted nations 5, 71, 74, 78, 80 f., 84, 241, 301, 322 underdeveloped countries 31 Union Civica International (Mexico) 243 United National Committees and Councils in Exile, UNCCE 56 United Nations, UN 123,127-131, 137, 145,149 f., 164-165, 171,174, 181, 183, 196, 214, 223, 236, 239, 292, 303 f., 321 - Charter violations 209, 129, 144, 147, 157, 159, 166 f. - Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 11, 55,140, 323 - Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi zation, UNESCO 197 - Resolutions re: Hungary 154-162,167f. - Special Committee on Hungary 167-171, 175 f. - Universal Declaration of Human Rights 130 United States xiii-xv, 1-917, 21, 24, 38, 48, 51ff„ 69, 80, 95, 101, 103, 105, 124 f., 128 f., 133, 140,151, 158,161, 197, 201-209, 216 f., 231, 237, 239, 262, 264, 267, 285, 302, 325, 329, 333, 336 - U.S. Congress 8, 16, 18, 35, 40, 57, 95, 97, 125, 129, 133, 138 f., 189-196, 198, 204, 200, 206, 210, 322, 339, 332, 324 - U.S. Government 2f., 8, 24f., 27, 41 ff., 58, 69, 97,129, 140 f., 165,174, 190, 194, 202, 205, 212, 254, 262, 300, 304, 306, 322, 325 ff., 331, 337, 339 - U.S. state-private network 3, 9,101, 217218, 296 United States Escapee Program 212 445 United States Information Service, USIS 252 United States Information Agency, USIA 12, 46 unity 23, 49, 89, 96,101, 103, 110 f., 114, 116-119, 219, 231, 324, 326 Uruguay 46, 160,162, 167, 169, 243, 246, 248, 251 f., 255 f., 260 f., 263-267, 272, 275 - 278, 281, 288 - 290 Uruguayan League to Fight Communism 248 Usulután 258 Vahter, Leonhard xvi-xvii Vajda, Paul 36, 221 Vallée Poussin, Charles Jean de la 106 Valtcho, Vanguelov 38 Van Dongen, Luc 10 Varga, Bela, Msgr xvi, 66,173, 266, 303, 317 f., 340 Venezuela 2, 7,18, 21-23, 32f., 160, 242, 247f., 258, 262f., 267, 272f. Veniamin, Virgil 102 Veracruz 275 Vidovics, Ferenc 174 Vienna 25, 62, 67 f., 170, 172, 175, 219 Vietnam 224,234 - North, Democratic Republic of Vietnam 202, 224 - South, Republic of Vietnam 16,149,160, 215 f., 224, 230, 235, 237 f. - wars in 42, 332 Vişoianu, Constantin xv, xvii, 66,145, 246 - 7, 252, 308, 312, 318 - 9, 337 Vlasovites 220 Voice of America 17, 52,134, 333 Volman, Sacha 241 Volunteer Christian Committee to Boycott Nazi Germany 91 Vorkuta labor camp 133 Vorrink, Koos 103 Vrzala, Jaroslav 38 Vu, Van Mau 237 Wadsworth, James J. 165 Wagner, Robert F. 145 Wales 192 446 Subject Index Walker, E. Ronald 126 f., 131 World Buddhist Sangha Council Walter, H. Judd 8, 12, 93, 238, 337f. World Council of Churches Walter, Ralph World Federation of Trade Unions 19, 45, 69, 73, 84, 219, 327 f. World Freedom Day Warma, Aleksander Warsaw 10, 39 227 5 242 230, 239 World League for Freedom and Democracy 8,10-12,16, 30, 33, 50,102, 216 109, 124, 127, 129, 131, 133, 137 f., 142, World Peace Council 145 f., 152 f., 157, 164, 211, 298, 321, World War II 326, 340 242 3f., 7,12, 20f., 91f., 94,101, 114,179, 211, 219, 237, 308, 340 Warsaw Pact 76, 121, 152 f„ 159 Washington Wortzel, Arthur I. 6f., 10,13, 17-19, 21, 23 f., 28, 33, 35, 43, 46-48, 51, 57f., 87,114, 185 Wright, Jr., Frank C. Wright, Quincy 21, 76, 97f. 209 117, 128, 132,135,140f„ 155,161, 211, 213 f., 217, 226, 298, 312 f., 319, 324, Yalta Conference, 1945 327, 338 f. Yarrow, Bernard Wentworth, William C. 178,184 f. 172,185, 222, 291, 305, 311 West European Advisory Committee (by FEC) year of Africa, 1960 Yen, Chia-kan 69,110 White House (U.S. President) 44 f., 57, 86, Yin, Pao-Yu 250 Yu, Chi Hsueh 333-339 Yugoslavia White Ruthenia Wilkes-Barre 143,163, 245, 285 Williams, Harrison 10 Zakšauskienė, Inga 228 Zanin, Mario 94 358 249 Zawadowski, Zygmunt 331 Wojdon, Joanna 162 Zake, leva 4 Wistrand, Karl Yu, K.W. 48 Williamsburg Declaration, 1952 Wise, David 232 14, 24, 26, 37, 42, 48, 67, 75, 102, 127,156 202 Wierzbicka, Nina 181 226 94,132, 159, 297, 300, 304, 309, 331, Wierzbiański, Bolesław 92 63, 65-67, 73, 98,125, Zdziechowski, Jerzy 106, 108, 111, 169 Zeeland van, Paul 19 Women for Freedom of Europe Workers Defense league Zenkl, Petr 28, 38 138, 142 World Anti-Communist League, WACL Ziętara, Pawel 227 i Bayerische j Staatsbibliothek 1 klA«jikAM I 111 xv-xvii, 10, 31-2, 48, 66, 111, 185, 230 216, 39, 241 102,136 19
adam_txt	CONTENTS LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES * IX ABBREVIATIONS * XI PREFACE * XIII INTRODUCTION * 1 1 * FOR EUROPE WHOLE AND FREE * - ACEN WITHIN THE ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK ----- 21 1.1 ASSEMBLY OF CAPTIVE EUROPEAN NATIONS * 22 1.2 THE FREE EUROPE COMMITTEE ----- 51 1.3 AMERICAN FRIENDS OF CAPTIVE NATIONS * 86 2 * VOICE OF THE SILENCED PEOPLES * - ACEN AND THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE ----- 101 2.1 ACEN SESSIONS IN FRANCE AT STRASBOURG ----- 105 2.2 CACOPHONY * 113 3 * FREE ELECTIONS AND WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS * - ACEN AND THE COMMUNIST REGIMES * 123 3.1 ACEN REACHES OUT TO THE UN ----- 126 3.2 AMERICAN SUPPORT FOR ACEN * S AGENDA ----- 133 3.3 POZNAN TRIALS * 137 4 THE * LITTLE U.N. * - ACEN AND THE UNITED NATIONS * 149 4.1 ACEN * S ACTION IN THE UN DURING THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION ----- 151 4.2 * THE FREE WORLD MADE A MAJOR ERROR * * 167 4.3 * HUNGARY UNDER SOVIET RULE * ----- 171 4.4 * SOVIET COLONIALISM * * 178 5 * CAPTIVE NATIONS * - ACEN AND THE U.S. CONGRESS * 189 5.1 ACEN ON THE FLOOR OF CONGRESS * 191 5.2 CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK ----- 201 6 * ASIAN PEOPLE * S FREEDOM DAY * - ACEN AND THE APACL * 211 6.1 ACEN AND APACL ----- 220 VI * CONTENTS 6.2 FREEDOM DAY ------ 228 7 * NACIONES CAUTIVAS EUROPEAS * - ACEN IN LATIN AMERICA * 241 7.1 BETWEEN HUNGARY AND CUBA (1956-1959) * 246 7.2 AFTER CUBA, BEFORE THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (1960-1965) * 263 7.3 DIVERGENCE * 281 8 * WE CAN ONLY BUY THEIR TIME . * - FREE EUROPE COMMITTEE AND ACEN ------ 291 8.1 FROM PARTNERSHIP TO * EXILE FRONT * * 296 8.2 ACEN * S CHOICES VERSUS * VIS MAIOR * * 303 9 CONCLUSION, OR WHAT WAS ACEN? * 321 10 EPILOGUE----- 331 APPENDICES * 343 ACEN CHARTER AND RULES OF PROCEDURE (AS OF 1958) * 343 ACEN DELEGATES (1954-1971) ----- 358 ACEN PUBLICATIONS (1954-1971) ----- 417 BIBLIOGRAPHY----- 421 ARCHIVES ----- 421 ONLINE ARCHIVES * 422 LITERATURE, INCLUDING MEMOIRS * 424 SUBJECT INDEX * 431 Bibliography Archives Columbia University Libraries (New York, NY) — Bakhmeteff Archive, Ferenc Nagy Papers, Dwight D, Eisenhower Presidential Library (Abilene, KS) — C. D. Jackson Papers, 1931-1967 — C. D. Jackson Records, 1953-1954 Harry S. Truman Library (Independence, MO) — Charles Hulten Papers Hoover Institution Archives (Stanford, CA) — Brutus Coste Papers — Christopher T. Emmet Papers — Stefan Korboński Papers — Sig Mickelson Papers — Štefan Osuský Papers — Arch Puddington Papers — RFE/RL Corporate Files Immigration History Research Center (Minneapolis, MN) — Assembly of Captive European Nations Józef Piłsudski Institute of America (New York, NY) — Subject Archive, ACEN National Archives College Park (College Park, MD) — Record Groups: 59 — CREST — Nixon Presidential Materials Project Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences (New York, NY) — Karol Popiel/PNDC Papers Princeton University Library (Princeton, NJ) — John F. Dulles Papers Open Society Archives (Budapest, Hungary) — Claire de Héderváry Collection: United Nations Special Committee Documents on the Problem of Hungary in 1956 — General Collection (HU OSA) — Fekete Doboz Alapítvány Video Archive Ossoliński National Institute, ZNiO (Wroclaw, Poland) — Gadomski Papers Private collections — Jadwiga Gadomska (Warsaw, Poland) — John F. Leich (Canaan, CT) — Christopher Simpson (Washington, D.C.) — Ralph Walter Papers (Berlin, Germany) https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110661002-016 422 Bibliography Author’s Interviews in person: Zofia Korbońska, John F. Leich, Ralph Walter, János Horváth, Stanisław Gebhardt via telephone/e-mail: Zbigniew Brzeziński, Paul B. Henze, John F. Leich, Ralph Walter Published sources (print) ACEN publications (see complete list in the Appendix) — “ACEN News” (1955-1972) — ACEN Sessions. Organization, Resolutions, Reports, Debate, 1-9 (1954-1963) — Hungary Under Soviet Rule in six volumes: I (April-August 1957), II (September 1957-August 1958); III (Revolution to August 1959); IV (August 1959-August 1960); V (1959-1961); VI (1961-1962). — ACEN Seminars in Latin America. Lectures in the Seminar held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 8-М, 1963 (New York: ACEN, [1964?]). — ACEN Seminars in Latin America. Lectures of the Seminar Heid in Medellin, Colombia, Nov. 29-Dec. 4, 1964 (New York: ACEN, [1965]). Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 3: The President, 1959-1963 Compilation (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964). Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) — FRUS, 1955-1957, vol. XXV: Eastern Europe (Washington: GPO, 1990) — FRUS, 1952-1954, National Security Affairs, Vol. II, part 2 (Washington: GPO, 1984) — FRUS, The Intelligence Community 1950-55. Organization of U.S. Intelligence (Washington: GPO, 2007) — FRUS, 1952-1954, Vol. II, Part 2: National Security Affairs (Washington: GPO 1984) — FRUS, 1958-1960, American Republics, Vol. V (Washington: GPO, 1991) Stefan Korboński, Listy amerykańskie, 1953-1983, ed. Roman W. Rybicki, Bartosz Nowożycki (IPN: Warsaw, 2019). Polska emigracja polityczna. Informator, reprint, D. Piskorska (ed.), introduction Cenckiewicz Sławomir (Warszawa: Adiutor, 2004) Public papers of the Presidents of the United States. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1956, Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President, January 1 to December 21, 1956 (Washington: GPO, 1958) Wielkie Mowy Historii, vols. 1-4 (Warsaw: Polityka-Spółdzielnia Pracy, 2006). Online Archives Internet Archive https://archive.org — Department of State Bulletin — Wayback Machine (archive of web pages) Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training — Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, https://adst.org/oral-history/ HeinOnline, https://home.heinonline.org/ — Congressional Record, 1945-1989 Online Archives 423 CIA electronic reading room, www.foia.cia.gov Council of Europe — https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/home The National Film Archive’s Digitai Repository (Poland) http://www.repozytorium.fn.org.pl Hungarian Electronic Library (Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár), http://mek.oszk.hu/indexeng. phtml Mary Ferrell Foundation, https://www.maryferrell.org/pages/Archive.html NATO Library, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/publications.htm ProQuest Historical Newspapers, https://www.proquest.com/products-services/pq-hist-news. html — “The New York Times” (1947-1989) — “Chicago Tribune” (1947-1989) United Nations, https://www.un.org/ — UN Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/ — Dag Hammarskjöld library, https://research.un.org/en/ United States Government — Office of the Law Revision Counsel, House of Representatives, U.S. Code https://uscode. house.gov/ — U.S. Government Accountability Office, https://www.gao.gov — U.S. Government information for all, https://www.govinfo.gov/ — The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/ — U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian Foreign Relations of the United States, https://history.state.gov/historicaidocuments — U.S. Census, https://data.census.gov/cedsci/ — U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov Wilson Center (Washington, D.C.), History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, — Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (A. Ross Johnson collection) https://digitalarchive. wilsoncenter.org/coUection/104/radio-free-europe-and-radio-liberty — Asian Peoples’ Anti-Communist League (Syngman Rhee Institute) https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/193/asian-peoples-anti-communist-league Reference online materials Słownik biograficzny Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej XX wieku (Warsaw: ISP PAN-Rytm, 2004). Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, ed. Wojciech Roszkowski, jan Kofman (Abingdon OX-New York: Routledge, 2015). Lawrence H. Officer and Samuel H. Williamson, “Purchasing Power of Money in the United States from 1774 to 2008,” MeasuringWorth, 2009. URL http://www.measuringworth. com/ppowerus/. Diccionario Biographico Ecuador, http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/ tomoll/c7.htm IPN, Poznański czerwiec ’56, https://czerwiec56.ipn.gov.pl IPN, Korboński, http://korbonski.ipn.gov.pl/portal/kor/1116/8545/Polityk_na_emigracji.html Ukrainian Diaspora Eiectronic Library http://diasporiana.org.ua 424 Bibliography Wilson Center, Cold War International History Project, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/ cold-war-international-history-project World League for Freedom and Democracy http://www.wlfdroc.org.tw/ NYS Department of State, Division of Corporations, www.dos.ny.gov/corps Literature, Including Memoirs Aldrich Richard, The Hidden Hand. Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence (London: Gerald Duckworth Co. Ltd., 2006). Aldrich Richard, “OSS, CIA and European Unity: The American Committee on United Europe, 1948-60,” Diplomacy Statecraft 8/1 (1997). Robert J. Alexander, International Labor Organizations and Organized labor in Latin America and the Caribbean. A History (Santa Barbara, CA-Denver, CO-Oxford, England: Praeger, ABC Clio, 2009). Bailey Bernadine, The captive nations, our prst line of defense (Chicago: Chas. Hallberg, 1969). Beezley P. C, The captive nations handbook (Seattle: Captive Nations Council, 1966). Beichman Arnold, “The story of Radio Free Europe,” National Review 36/21 (1984). Borili László, Hungary in the Cold War, 1945-1956. Between the United States and the Soviet Union (New York, Budapest: CEU Press). Brogan Patrick, The Captive Nations: Eastern Europe, 1945-1990 (New York: Avon Books, 1990). Broquetas Magdalena, San Martin, Demócratas y nacionalistas. La reacción de ias derechas en el Uruguay (1959-1966), Tesis de Doctorado en Historia, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2013). Brown James F., Radio Free Europe: An Insider's View (Washington D.C.: Vellum/New Academia Publishing, 2013). Butariu Miron, “Assembly of Captive European Nations. The Little United Nations - The Voice of the People,” Journal of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences 10 (Davis, CA, 1987). Carlson Peter, К Blows Top: A Cold War Comic interlude starring Nikita Khrushchev, America’s most unlikely tourist (New York: Public Affairs, 2010). Carruthers Susan L., Cold War Captives. Imprisonment, Escape, and Brainwashing (BerkeleyLos Angeles-London University of California Press, 2009). Carruthers Susan L., Between Camps: Eastern Bloc “Escapees” and Cold War Borderlands, American Quarterly 57/3 (2005). Collis Larry D., “The Free Europe Committee. An American Weapon of the Cold War,” Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Political Science, Carleton University, November 1973. Kenneth Conboy, James Morrison, The CIA’s Secret War in Tibet (Lawrence: Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2002). Congdon Lee W., Király Béla K. (eds.), The Ideas of the Hungarian Revolution, Suppressed and Victorious, 1956-1999 (Highland Lakes, NJ: Social Science Monographs, Boulder CO; New York: dist. Columbia Univ. Press, 2002). Literature, Including Memoirs 425 DeWitt Copp, Marshall Peck, Betrayal at the UN. The Story of Paul Bang-Jensen (New York: The Devin-Adair Company, 1961). Csicsery-Rónay István (ed.), Nagy Ferenc miniszterelnök: visszaemlékezések, tanulmányok, cikkek (Budapest: Occidental Press, 1995). Cummings Bruce (ed.) Child of Conflict: the Korean-American Relationship, 1943-1953 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1983). Cummings Richard H., Cold War Radio. The Dangerous History of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950-1989 (Jefferson, North Carolina, London: McFarland 8t Company, Inc. Publishers, 2009). Cummings Richard H., Radio Free Europe’s “Crusade for Freedom": Rallying Americans behind Cold War Broadcasting, 1950-1960 (Jefferson NC, London: McFarland 8ւ Company, 2010). Defty Andrew, Britain, America and Anti-Communist: The Information Research Department (Oxfordshire: Routlege 2004). Dorril Stephen, MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service (New York: Free Press, 2000). Durin-Hornyik Veronika, “Le Collège de ‘Europe libre et la préparation de la construction démocratique de l’Europe de l’Est (1948-1958)/The Free Europe University in Exile: Preparing for democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (1948-1958), Relations internationales 180/4 (2019). Dziak Waldemar, Korea, pokój czy wojna (Warszawa: Świat Książki, 2003). Epstein Julius, The Bang-Jensen Tragedy. A Review based on the Official Records, “American Opinion. An Informal Review” 3/5 (May 1960). Europe: Nine panel Studies by Experts from Central and Eastern European Studies. An Examination of the Post-Liberation Problem of the Position of Central and Eastern European Nations in a Free European Community (New York: Free Europe Committee, 1954). Faure Justine, Croisade américaine en 1950: La délivrance des “Nations captives” ď Europe de 1’ Est, “Vingtième Siècle. Revue ď histoire” 73 (2002). Ferreira Roberto Garda, “Espionaje politica: La Guerra Fria y la inteligencia political Uruguaya, 1947-64,” Revista Historia 63-64 (enero-diciembre 2011). Fousek John, To Lead The Free World: American Nationalism The Cultural Roots of the Cold war (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000). Gadomski Feliks, Zgromadzenie Europejskich Narodów Ujarzmionych. Krótki zarys (New York: Bicentennial Publishing Corporation-Nowy Dziennik, 1995). Garrett Stephen A., “Eastern European Ethnic Groups and American Foreign Policy,” Political Science Quarterly 93/2 (Summer 1978). Gati Charles, Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006). Gaspar Edmund, United States, Latin America: A Special relationship? (Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1978). Gleijeses Piero, “Hope Denied: the U.S. Defeat of the 1965 Revolt in the Dominican Republic,” Cold War International History Project, Working Paper 72 (Washington: CWIHP, 2014). Griese Noel L., Arthur W. Page. Publisher, Public Relations Pioneer, Patriot (Atlanta: Anvil Publishers Inc., 2001). 426 Bibliography Grose Peter, Operation Rollback. America’s Secret War behind the Iron Curtain (Boston-New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000). Gross Feliks, “Political Emigration from Iron Curtain Countries,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 271: Moscow’s European Satellites (September 1950). Grow Michael, U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions. Pursuing Regime Change in the Cold War (Lawrence, K5: University Press of Kansas, 2008). GUlstorff Torben, Warming Up a Cooling War: An Introductory Guide on the CIAS and Other Globally Operating Anti-Communist Networks at the Beginning of the Cold War Decade of Détente, Cold War International History Project, Working Paper no. 75 (Washington: CWIHP, 2015). Harrigan john J., Politics and the American Future (New York: Random House, 1987), 420. Hawthorne Daniel, The ordeal of the captive nations (Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1958). Heikkilä Pauli, Estonians for Europe. National Activism for European Integration, 1922-1991 (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2014). Heiss Mary Ann, Exposing “Red Colonialism”: U.S. Propaganda at the United Nations, 1953-1963, Journal of Cold War Studies, 17/3 (Summer 2015). Hermes Walter G., Truce Tent and Fighting Front (Washington D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army 1992). Hershberg james G., Zúbok Vladislav (transi.), “Russian Documents on the Korean War, 1950-53. Introduction,” Cold War International History Profeet Bulletin 14/15 (Winter/ Spring 2003-2004). Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann Anna D., The exile mission: The Polish political diaspora and Polish Americans, 1939-1956. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004. Johnson A. Ross, “To the Barricades: Did Radio Free Europe Inflame the Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1956? Exploring One of the Cold War’s Most Stubborn Myths,” Hoover Digest no. 4 (2007). Johnson A. Ross, Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. The CIA Years and Beyond (Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010). Kádár Lynn Katalin (ed.), Inauguration of Organized Political Warfare: Cold War Organizations Sponsored by the National Committee for a Free Europe, ed. Katalin Kádár Lynn (St. Helena, Budapest: Helena History Press, 2013-distributed by Central European University Press, New York, Budapest). Kaiser Wolfram, Co-operation of European Catholic Politicians in Exile in Britain and the USA during the Second World War, Journal of Contemporary History 35/3 (2000). Kohler Foy D., Harvey Mose L. (eds.), The Soviet Union: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. A Report on A Colloquy of American Long-Timers in Moscow ([Coral Gables, FL: Center for Advanced International Studies, University of Miami, 1975). Korbel Josef, The Captive Nations, Behind the headlines, v. 15, no. 5. (Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1955). Korboñski Stefan, W imieniu Polski walczącej (Warszawa: Rytm, 1999). Korboñski Stefan, Warsaw in Exile (New York-Washington D.C.: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966). Kosicki Piotr H., Lukasiewicz Sławomir (eds.), Christian Democracy Across the Iron Curtain: Europe Redefined (Cham, Switzerland: Paigrave Macmillan, 2018). Literature, Including Memoirs 427 Kula Marcin, Paryż, Londyn i Waszyngton patrzą na października 1956 r. w Polsce (Warszawa: ISS PAN, A. Marszałek, 1992). Laville Helen, Wilford Hugh (eds.), The U.S. Government, Citizen Groups and the Cold War. The state-private network (London-New York: Routledge, 2006). Lăptos Józef, “Projekty organizacji państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (1942-1950). Analiza porównawcza,” Prace Komisji Środkowoeuropejskiej PAU 3 (1995). taptos Józef, Europa marzycieli: wizje i projekty integracyjne środkowoeuropejskiej emigracji politycznej 1940-1956 (Kraków: Wyd. Nauk. Uniw. Pedagogicznego, 2012). Leffler Malvyn P., Westad Odd Arne (eds.), The Cambridge History of the Cold War, vol. 1: Origins (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). Leich John F., “Great Expectations: The National Councils in Exile 1950-1960,” Polish Review 35 (1990). Lowe Peter, Wojna Koreańska (Warsaw: Bellona, 1995). Lucas Scott, Freedom’s War. The American Crusade against the Soviet Union (New York: New York University Press, 1999). Lukasiewicz Sławomir, Trzecia Europa. Polska myśl federalistyczna w Stanach Zjednoczonych, 1940-1971 (IPN: Warszawa, Lublin, 2010). Lukasiewicz Sławomir, Third Europe. Polish federalist thought in the United States, 1940-1970S (Reno NV: Helena History Press, 2016). Lukasiewicz Sławomir, Partia w warunkach emigracji. Dylematy Polskiego Ruchu Wolnościowego “Niepodległość i Demokracja" 1945-1994 (Lublin-Warszawa: IPN, 2014). Lukasiewicz Sławomir (ed.), Tajny oręż czy ofiary zimnej wojny. Emigracje polityczne z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, ed. Sławomir Lukasiewicz (Lublin-Warszawa: IPN, 2010). Lukasiewicz Sławomir (ed.), Jalta- rzeczywistość, miti pamięć (Warsaw: IPN, 2019). Lurie Mark I., Galandere. The Lost Generation’s Forgotten Man (West Palm Beach, FL: Overlook Press LLC, 2017). Machcewicz Paweł, Emigracja w polityce międzynarodowej (Warszawa: Biblioteka “Więzi,” 1999). Machcewicz Paweł, Poland’s war on Radio Free Europe, 1950-1989 (Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Press, Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2014). Mania Andrzej, Department of State i Foreign Service w polityce zagranicznej USA lat gorącej i zimnej wojny 1939-1989 (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jegiellońskiego, 2019). Mathias Jr. Charles Mc. C, “Ethnic Groups and Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs 59/5 (1981). Matthews John P.C., Tinderbox: East-Central Europe in the spirng, summer, and early fall of 1956 (Tucson, AZ: Fenestra Books, 2003). Marės Antoine, Wojciech Prażuch and Inga Kawka (eds.), Les exilés polonais en France et la réorganisation pacifique de l’Europe (1940-1989), ed. (Peter Lang: Frankfurt am Main 2017), Marinescu Aurel Sergiu, O contributie ia istoria exilului românesc: Activităţi în exil: ANEC şi PNL, (Bucharest: Vremea, 2005). Mazurkiewicz Anna, Dyplomacja Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec wyborów w Polsce w latach 1947 i 1989 (Warsaw: Neriton, 2007). Mazurkiewicz Anna, Die “Stimme Freies Polen” aus München. Radio Free Europe, die amerikanische Deutchlandpolitik und die deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen, Inter Finítimos. Jahrbuch zur deutsch-polnischen Bezlehungsgaschichte 6 (2008). 428 Bibliography Mazurkiewicz Anna, Uchodźcy z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w amerykańskiej polityce zimnowojennej, 1948-1954 (Warsaw-Gdańsk, IPN-University of Gdańsk, 2016). Mazurkiewicz Anna, “’Narody ujarzmione’” - lobby polityczne czy projekt propagandowy? Studia Historica Gedanensia 5 (Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo UG, 2014). Mazurkiewicz Anna, ‘“Join, or Die’ The Road to Cooperation Among East European Exiled Political Leaders in the United States, 1949-1954,” Polish American Studies 69/2 (2012). Mazurkiewicz Anna, “Unwilling Immigrants: Transnational Identities of East Central European Exiles during the Cold War,” Stadia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny 4 (158), (2015). Mazurkiewicz Anna (ed.), East Central Europe in Ezile, vol. 1-2 (Cambridge-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013). Mazurkiewicz Anna (ed.), East Central European Migrations During the Cold War. A Handbook (Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter, 2019). Meyer Cord, Facing Reality: From World Federation to the CIA (New York: Harper and Row, 1980). Mickelson Sig, America’s Other Voice. The Story of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (New York: Praeger, 1983). Mikkonen Simo, Exploiting the Exiles. Soviet Émigrés In U.S. Cold War Strategy,” Journal of Cold War Studies 14/2 (Spring 2012). Mitrovich Gregory, Undermining the Kremlin, America’s Strategy to subvert the Soviet Bloc 1947-1956 (Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press, 2000). Munters Vilhelms, The own people’s enemies (Riga: Zvaigzne, 1965). Nekola Martin, Petr Ženki: politik a člověk (Prague: Mladá Fronta, 2014). Nowak-Jeziorańskl Jan, Wojna w eterze (Kraków: Znak, 2005). Osgood Kenneth A., Total Cold War. Eisenhower’s Secret Propaganda Battle (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2006). Osgood Kenneth A., Etheridge Brian C. (eds.), The United States and Public Diplomacy. New Directions in Cultural and International History (Leiden-Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010). Offner Arnold A., Another Such Victory. President Truman and the Cold War 1945-1953 (Stanford University Press, 2002). Paczyńska Irena (ed.), Stadia z historii Polski XIX і XX wieku ofiarowane Profesorowi Józefowi Buszce w pięćdziesięciolecie doktoratu (Kraków: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze “Historia lagellonica,” 1999). Paleček Pavel, “Protikomunistická propaganda ve studené válce. Výbor pro svobodnou Evropu a exit”, PhD Dissertation (manuscript), Brno: Masaryk University 2010. Parker Jason C., Hearts, Minds, Voices. ԱՏ. Cold War Public Diplomacy and the Formation of the Third World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). Anna Péczeli, Zsolt Pálmai (eds.), Our Past and Present in the Shadow of the Cold War: The Legacy and re-emergence of a conflict between the United States and Russia (Budapeszt: Antall József Knowledge Centre, 2017). Pieczewski Andrzej, Komisja do Spraw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej Ruchu Europejskiego (1949-1973) - glos emigracji w sprawie europejskiego zjednoczenia,” Stadia Polityczne ISP PAN 21 (2008). Pisani Sadie, The CIA and the Marshall Plan (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991). Literature, Including Memoirs 429 Matek Agnieszka, Praszałowicz Dorota (eds.), The United States Immigration Policy and Immigrants’ Responses: past and present, (Peter Lang Edition: Frankfurt am Main 2017). Pomian Jan, Józef Retinger. Życie i pamiętniki pioniera Jedności europejskiej (Warszawa: Pavo, 1994 (reprint of 1972 edition). Edward Prus, Pannacjonalizm. Polityczna działalność emigracyjna byłych kolaboracjonistów z Europy wschodniej i południowo-wschodniej (Katowice: Śląski Instytut Naukowy, 1976). Puddington Arch, Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2015). Racz Barnabas, Hungary and the United Nations 1956-1962: A Legal and Political Analysis (Budapest: United Nations Association of Hungary, 2007). Raška Francis D., Fighting Communism from Afar: the Council of Free Czechoslovakia (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 2008). Reisch Alfred, Hot Books in the Cold War. The CIA-Founded Secret Western Book Distribution Program Behind the Iron Curtain (Budapest-New York: CEU Press, 2013). Richardson John, A New Vision for America (New York: Ruder Finn Press: 2006). Rowiński Jan (ed.), Polski Październik 1956 w polityce światowej (Warszawa: PISM 2006). Scott-Smith Giles, “The Free Europe University in Strasbourg: U.S. State-Private Networks and Academic ‘Rollback,’” Journal of Cold War Studies 16/2 (2014). Scott-Smith Giles, Networks of Empire. The U.S. State Department’s Foreign Leader Program in the Netherlands, France, and Britain, 1950 -70 (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2008). Scott- Smith Giles, The Politics of Apolitical Culture. The Congress for Cultural Freedom, the CIA and post-war American hegemony (London-New York: Routledge, 2002). Scott-Smith Giles, “A Radical Democratic Political Offensive”: Melvyn J. Lasky, Der Monat, and the Congress for Cultural Freedom,” Journal of Contemporary History 35/2 (2000). Siwik Anna, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna na emigracji w latach 1945-1956 (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 1998). Siwik Anna, Polskie uchodźstwo polityczne: socjaliści na emigracji w latach 1956-1990 (Kraków: Abrys, 2002). Shain Yossi, The Frontier of Loyalty. Political Exiles in the age of a nation state (Wesleyan University Press, Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1989). Smal-Stocki Roman, The Captive Nations: Nationalism of the Non-Russian Nations in the Soviet Union (New York: Bookman Associates, 1960). Smith Richard Harris, OSS: The Secret History of America’s First Central Intelligence Agency (Guildford, CT: Lyons Press 2005). Smith Tony, American Mission. The United States and the Worldwide Struggle for Democracy (Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2012). Sosin Gene, Sparks of Liberty: an insider’s memoir of Radio Liberty (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania University Press, 2005). Stanek Piotr, Stefan Korboński (1901-1989): działalność polityczna i społeczna (Warsaw: IPN, 2014). Stanek Piotr, “Powstanie i działalność Zgromadzenia Europejskich Narodów Zjednoczonych (ACEN) w świetle Archiwum Feliksa Gadomskiego,” Prace uczestników studium doktoranckiego. Historia 9 (2007). Stern John Allen, C. D. Jackson. Cold War Propagandist for Democracy and Globalism (Lanham: University Press of America Inc., 2012). 430 Bibliography Stonor Saunders Frances, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, The New Press, New York 2001, 2013). Szymczak Robert, “Hopes and Promises: Arthur Bliss Lane, the Republican Party, and the Slavic-American Vote, 1952,” Polish American Studies 45/1 (Spring 1988): 12-28. Taubman William, Krushchev: The Man and His Era (New York, London: W.W. Norton Company: 2003). Trachtenberg Marc, A Constructed Peace. The making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963 (New Jersey: Princeton University Press 1999). Tromly Benjamin, Cold War Exiles and the CIA. Plotting to Free Russia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019). Tyszkiewicz, Jakub, Rozbijanie monolitu. Polityka Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Polski 1945-1988 (Warsaw: PWN, 2015). Ubriaco, Jr., Robert D., “Bread and Butter Politics or Foreign Policy Concerns? Class versus Ethnicity in the Midwestern Polish American Community during the 1946 Congressional Elections,” Polish American Studies 51/2 (Autumn 1994). Urban, George R., Radio Free Europe and the Pursuit of Democracy: My War within the Cold War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997). Urban, George R., The Nineteen Days: A Broadcaster’s Account of the Hungarian Revolution (London: Heinemann, 1957). Valkanier Elizabeth K., “Eastern Europe in Exile,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 317 (May 1958). Van Dongen Luc, Roulin Stéphanie, Scott-Smith Giles (eds.), Transnational Anti-Communism and the Cold War. Agents, Activities, and Networks (New York: Paigrave Macmillan, 2014). Walaszek Adam, Pezda Janusz (eds.) The Polish Diaspora in America and the Wider World, (Kraków: Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2012). Weiner Tim, Legacy of Ashes. The History of the CIA (New York-London-Toronto-SydneyAuckland: Doubleday, 2007). Wilford Hugh, The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America (London-Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). Wolanski Marian, Thomas Lane, Poland and European Integration. The Ideas and Movements of Polish Exiles in the West, 1939-91 (London: Paigrave Macmillan, 2009). Wright Quincy, Subversive Intervention, American Journal of International Law 54/3 (1960). Zahniser Marvin R., Weis W. Michael, “A Diplomatic Pearl Harbor? Richard Nixon’s Goodwill Mission to Latin America in 1958,” Diplomatic History 13/2 (Spring 1989). Zake leva (ed.), Anti-Communist Minorities: The Political Activism of Ethnic Refugees in the United States (New York: Paigrave Macmillan 2009). Ziętara Pawel, Anders, Korboński, Sieniewicz. Szkice z dziejów Drugiej Wielkiej Emigracji (Łomianki: LTW 2016). Ziętara, Emigracja wobec Października. Postawy polskich środowisk emigracyjnych wobec liberalizacji w PRL w latach 1955-1957 (Warszawa: LTW, 2001). Subject Index Neither the footnotes, nor the names listed in appendices were indexed. Abbakuks, Auguste 67 academic elites and intellectuals xiv, 49, 62, 82-83, 89, 92, 105, 110, 136, 201, 237, 243, 249-250, 258, 264, 274-6, 281, 288, 302, 329 Acheson, Dean 154, 211 Ackerson, Garret G. 254 advisory role (of the exiles to the FEC) 57, 66, 69, 322 Africa 78, 83, 164, 181, 183,186 f., 209, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 266, 283, 295, 301, 325 aggression 55, 70,126f., 154,158f., 165, 169 f., 194,198, 211, 221f. agrarians 21, 31 f., 34 agriculture 271, 275 f., 287 Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals 92 Albania xivf., 22, 27, 32-35, 58, 66, 87, 121, 123, 144, 147, 150f., 225f., 339f. Albanian American Literary Society 87, 89 Aldrich, Richard 101 Aldunate, Roberto L. 249 Alessandri, Fernando 250 Alexander, Archibald S. 75, 96, 111, 298 Algeria 130, 136 All American Conference to Combat Commu nism 1 Alliance for Progress 263, 287, 290, 301 Alliance of Latin American Patriots against Colonialism and Imperialism 3 Alter, Victor 91 Altmaier, Jakob 108 Amadeo, Mario 260 American Afro-Asian Educational Exchange 238 American Bulgarian League 87 American Committee for a United Europe 101 American Committee for Cultural Freedom 92 American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, AMCOMLIB 25, 220 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110661002-017 American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, AFL-CIO 48, 87, 145 American Friends of Captive Nations, AFCN 15, 47, 86, 88, 90-98, 138, 142, 172f., 174, 198, 205, 257, 260, 313, 316, 323, 326 American Friends of Vietnam 92 American Hungarian Federation 87, 89 American-Latvian Association 87 American-Lithuanian Council 87 American Security Council 309 Amery, Julien 103 Amigos de la Naciones Cautivas Europeas 257 Amigos de las Naciones Unidas 249 Anders, Władysław 94, 94 f. Andrews, George xv Ankara 25, 43,117 Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, ABN 1, 218 f., 223, 226-8 anti-communist 1, 21, 25, 80, 87, 91f., 135, 149, 165, 187, 191, 202, 214, 216 f., 218, 221f., 225, 228, 230, 233, 235, 254, 265, 270, 274, 277, 309, 314, 324, 329, 333 -opposition in East Central Europe xiiif., 8, 50,124, 151 f., 158, 212, 294, 298, 300 ֊ organizations and groups 88, 90, 93, 95, 99, 137, 221, 241, 243, 257f., 280 - political activities 4f., 16 f., 24, 80-82, 97, 199, 231, 236, 293, 305, 326 Anti-Communist Brazilian Crusade 248 Anti-Communist Freedom Day 215, 234, 238 Anti-Communist League of America 1 apartheid 186 appeasement 117 Aramburu, Pedro Eugenio 249, 253-4 Aramburu, Carlos Aleonada 259 432 Subject Index Arbenz, Jacobo 129 Argentina 46, 80, 146, 160,169, 246, 249, 253f., 256f„ 259, 261f., 266f„ 270, 272, 275, 278, 288 f., 290 Armenia 202 Arosemena, Carlos Julio 258 Arrow Crossists 219 Artigas, José Gervasio 249 Asia 5, 11, 14,16 f., 21, 26, 40, 43, 48, 77f., 83f., 164,178, 180,183, 185-187, 214-218, 220-225, 228, 230-235, 237-239, 294f., 301, 334 Asian Freedom Day 215 Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League, APACL 11, 215, 224 Asian People’s Freedom Day 211, 214 f., 220f., 235f., 302 as-Sa’id, Nuri 160 Assembly of Captive European Nations, ACEN xii, 2-5, 8, 21, 40f., 46-49, 55-57, 79 f., 86, 99, 104,114,135, 285 - 287, 291-296, 301, 321-330 - ACEN House (Captive Nations Center) 29, 40, 64, 77, 149,183 f., 206 - ACEN News 36, 39, 45 f., 73, 95, 160, 171, 177, 183, 209, 269, 308 f., 323 - as voice of the silenced peoples xvi, 21, 37, 84,101, 321 - awards given 48,115-116,192, 200, 226, 311-312 - budget (of ACEN) 5,17, 36, 47, 49, 61, 63f., 114, 268f., 299, 302, 310-313, 338, 334 f., 315-317, 319 - exhibits 43, 48, 89, 195, 243 f„ 265, 302 - member profile xvif., 3f., 21f., 25-27, 32-35, 39, 49 f., 65 f. -organization 22f„ 27-33, 36-38, 74f., 84, 87f., 96 f., 121, 257 - regional representations 17 f., 38 f., 80, 206, 241, 261, 290 - seminars in Latin America 272f., 281 - Strasbourg sessions 12,105-110,180 -world and regional tours 35, 236f., 243, 246, 248 f. Assembly of Captive European Nations, Inc. (1972-1989) If., 4, 9-11, 22f., 27, 43, 45, 57, 108, 133, 141,147, 292, 338, 341 Association of Hungarian Students in North America 245 Association of Uruguayan Friends of the Cap tive Nations 289 associations of friends of captive nations 257, 264, 268 f., 272 atom and nuclear policies 113,116,121, 245, 282 Auer, Pál (Paul) 214, 39, 65 f., 102,129, 135 f., 160, 225 f. Auschwitz xvi-xvii, 138 f. Australia 18, 46, 48,126 f., 131,156,160, 164, 167, 171, 178, 184 f., 216, 236, 315 Austria 32,160 Austrian treaty 159 autonomy (of exiles) 17, 86, 303f., 306, 325, 327, 334 Azerbaijan 202 Babickas, Peter 279 Bachvarova, Svetlana 36 Bagatsing, Ramon 178,184 Baggio, Sebastian 249 Baghdad Pact 80 Bakách-Bessenyey, Gyöorgy [George] Ba!abanov, Nikola 37,102 161 Balkūnas, Msgr. Jonas 89 Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) 9 f., 19, 24, 74 f., 103, 150 f. Baltic Women’s Council 87 Balts (Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians) 5, 26, 65, 89,117 Banaitis, Walter 121 Bandung Declaration, 1955 179 Bang-Jensen, Povl 167, 175-176 Barankovics, István 242, 273 Baráth, Magdolna 19 Barnes, Maynard xv Bartok, László 124 Batista, Fulgencio 131, 250 f., 280, 327 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 263, 280, 332 Beam, Jacob 140, 298 Beaulac, Willard L. 253 Beddington-Behrens, Edward Beichman, Arnold 317 106,119 Subject Index Beijing 211, 221 Beirut 39 Belarus 202 Belaunde, Victor 131,161 Belgium 111, 127, 156, 185 Bentley, Alvin M. 192,196,198 Berle Jr., Adolf A. 237 Berlin Airlift 335 Bersetsche, Martinez 249 Bērziņš, Alfrēds [Jēkabs] 32 Biega, Bolestaw 65, 67, 96 Bjodnieks, Ādolfs 66 Board for International Broadcasting 11, 334 Bolivia 269,272 Bolsheviks 32, 77, 294 Bonn 5, 39, 47, 50,109, 111, 114, 117, 121 Boothe, Luce Claire 25, 73 Bosch, Albert H. 192 Bosch, Juan 287, 289 Bossy, Raoul V. 37 f., 66 Bow, Frank T. 197 boycott (by the exiles) 117, 119 f., 154, 159, 211 Braden, Thomas W. 44, 200 brainwashing 212, 214 Bratislava 32 Braun, Jerzy xiv Brazil 46, 880,127, 131,160 f„ 169, 237, 246, 248, 251, 255, 259, 263f., 266f., 269, 272, 279, 290 Brazilian Center for a Free Europe 243 Brezhnev doctrine 121 Bridge-building, U.S. policy 210, 310 Bridges, Stiles 331 Brinkley, Joseph W. 67, 74, 186, 269, 271, 274, 308 Brioni 123 Brussels 9 f., 62, 117,119, 216, 315 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 324 Bucharest 11,109 Budapest 12 f., 15,19, 32,109,136,151,154, 162,168, 172, 266, 289 Buenos Aires 249, 251, 253 f., 256, 262, 269 f, 272, 274 f., 288 Buffalo 92 Bulganin, Nikolai 123 433 Bulgaria xivf., 6, 22, 58, 102, 123,136, 150, 256, 267 Bulgarian National Committee 6, 27 Bulgarians 34, 48,166 f., 219, 337 Bulnes, Francisco Sanfuentes 49 Bundeswehr 116 Bundy, McGeorge 304 Burdick, Usher L. 192 Burma 179,216 Busek, Vratislav 124,139 Buss, Tālivaldis 256 Butariu, Miron 11, 36 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 26 Cabot Lodge Jr., Henry 128,130,132, 138, 140,154, 305 Caldera, Rafael 242 Campanaro, Anne 67 Canada 189 Capehart, Homer E. 195 captive nations 1-9,16, 21 f., 26, 28, 36, 40, 46, 54, 58, 70, 79 f., 83 f., 88 f., 95, 98, 104, 109, 114 f., 121, 136, 142, 149, 151, 156, 166, 182,189 f., 196,198, 200, 201, 203f., 222f., 235f., 247, 251, 257, 264 f., 267, 270 - 273, 275, 278 f., 282, 293, 298, 302, 306, 321 f., 335, 337 Captive Nations Week 12, 97,182,189 f., 200, 201-210, 244, 258, 264, 268 f., 309 f., 325, 336 Carabajal Victorica, Juan José 9,162 Caracas 247-248, 262, 267, 272 Caranfil, Nicolae George 37 Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation 227 Carnegie Endowment International Center 29 Caro Rodríguez, José María (Cardinal) 249 Carruthers, Susan 1-4 Castano, Rolando 280 Castmeiras, Pedro 253 Castro, Fidel 246, 264, 280, 287 Catholic Church 4,15, 33, 89 censorship 183,309 Center for International Placement 245 Central and Eastern European Federation of Christian Trade Unions 28 - Central European Federation of Christian Trade Unions 37 434 Subject Index Central Intelligence Agency, CIA xv, 3, 5f., 8,10, 13, 43f., 51 f., 57-62, 72, 80, 87, 90, 92,129,195, 218, 223, 263, 267, 280, 283-287, 294-296, 300 f., 303 f., 313, 319, 322-326, 331 f., 334, 336 Centro Húngaro (Argentina) 289 Centro Latinoamericano de Informaciones Democráticas (El Salvador) 243 Chang, Myon 231 Charter of Punta del Este, 1961 263, 281f. Cheme, Leo 142-143,173 Chiang, Kai-shek 212, 215 f., 225, 231 f., 235 f. Chile 242, 246f., 249f., 253 - 256, 263, 265, 267, 272, 275, 289-290 China, Peoples Republic of (Communist) 1, 202, 213, 233, 239, 276, 333 f., 334 China, Republic of (Taiwan) 131,149,151, 156, 162, 171, 178, 215f., 221-224, 231-232, 235, 238, 262 Choi, Woonsang 237 Christian Democratic Center 245 Christian Democratic Union 245, 248 Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe, CDUCE 28, 34f., 38, 242, 273, 284 Christian Democrats 6, 77, 242, 264, 274, 284 Čibiras (Verax), Casimiro 277 Cienfuegos, Camilo 246 Ciolkosz, Adam 116,125,131f. Citizens’ Committee for a Free Cuba 92 citizenship 3, 35, 41, 46, 314, 319 civil rights 23,186, 332 Clay, Lucius 335f. Cleveland, Harland 295 Clifford, Case 332 f. Cold War xiiif., If., 5-9, Ilf., 14f., 18f„ 23, 25, 40, 42, 50, 58, 78, 83, 92, 115, 145, 177 f„ 203, 212, 234, 246, 260, 281, 297, 300, 316, 325, 327 f., 330, 333, 335 collectivization 31f., 152,177 Colombia 127, 156, 244, 257, 263, 267, 270, 272, 274 - 276, 279 - 281, 288 colonialism 11, 47, 58, 73f., 84,107,109, 135, 163, 178-182, 184-186, 234, 295, 323 Colson, Charles 333 f. Cotumbus Day 304 Cominform 26 commemorations (public, by exiles) 48, 50, 77,134, 171,177-8, 201, 205-6, 228, 234-5, 238, 244, 249, 268, 289, 294 Committee against Mass Expulsions 91 Committee for a Fair Trial for Draža Mihailo vich 91 Committee for a Just Peace with Italy 91 Committee for Free Asia 217 Committee for Free Czechoslovakia 25-30 Committee for Free Estonia 27 Committee for Free Latvia 27 Committee for Free Lithuania 27 Committee for Self-Determination 245, 284 Committee of Civic Organizations of Republic of China in Support of Struggle for Free dom Behind the Iron Curtain 222 Committee of One Million 92 Committee to Aid Britain by Reciprocal Trade 91 Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies 91 Communist xiiif., xvi, 1, 21, 23f., 31, 36, 43, 49, 55, 77, 79, 81 f., 97, 118,130, 134,138 f„ 143 f., 154, 163, 172, 174, 177, 179 f., 183, 185, 195, 202 f., 212 f., 217, 220, 224 f., 228, 230, 246, 262 f„ 269f., 273f., 277, 282, 298, 306, 318, 334 f., 337 ֊ delegates to the UN 29,123,126,183, 289 f., 291f., 295, 321 - propaganda 58, 71, 75, 83, 98,114,146, 221, 253, 269, 281, 287 f., 293, 302, 321 - regimes 1, 11, 15, 35, 53, 58, 76, 104, 109, 123 f., 127, 144,147, 150 f., 183, 211, 218, 222 f., 226, 233, 239, 244, 251, 271, 297, 310 f., 315, 321, 324, 326, 328 f., 329, 333, 340 - subversion/overthrow/takeover xiv, 3, 15, 24, 60, 70, 82, 88, 198, 209, 242, 259, 269, 272, 276, 236, 272, 276, 292 Condon, Richard 103 Confederation to Defend Latin American Con tinent 248 Subject Index 435 Conference of Americans of Central and East Cyprus European Descent, CACEED 15, 36, 88 f., 92, 94 f., 99, 159, 205 Congress for Cultural Freedom 101,138 Cyrankiewicz, Józef 123, 136,138-139,145 Czechoslovakia xivf, 22, 27, 44, 50, 58, 66, 102, 121, 136, 150, 189, 211, 213, 226, 237, 256 Czechoslovak National Council of America 87, 89 Czernichowska Irena 19 Congress for the Defense of Culture 250 Congressional Record 36, 46,189C, 191f., 193 f., 198 f., 200, 210, 339 Copenhagen 115,121 Cornut-Gentille, Bernard 156 Cossackia 202 Costa Leite da, João Pinto 111 Coste, Brutus 31, 33, 66, 84, 119, 131-2, 157,162, 176, 223, 255, 259, 266, 269-70, 303, 305-19 Council Against Communist Aggression 1, 238 Council of Baltic Women (New York) 28, 38 Council of Europe 8, 15,18, 23, 29, 69, 74, 77, 79 f., 101, 103-106, 108-110, 112, 115, 117, 120f., 139, 157, 160, 169, 292294, 298, 323 f. Council of European Women in Exile 28, 37 Council of Free Czechoslovakia 10, 27 Council of Free Youth of Central and Eastern Europe (Paris) 28, 38 coup d’état xiv, 32,130, 272, 287 covert funding 319, 332 covert operations 9,140 Crawford, William A. 134 Crittenberger, Willis 163 Croats 226 Crusade for Freedom 2, 6, 59, 93, 218 f., 293, 311 f. Cuba 246, 250 - 251, 255, 263 - 264, 280, 290 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 23f., 26, 43, 81, 234, 297 Cuban Revolution 81, 239, 245 f. Cultural Assistance Uruguay-Free Hungary 265 Cultural Boliviana (radio) 279 Cundinamarca 281 Cunha, Paulo A.V. Ill Curzon line 91 Cutzarida, Radu 256, 260 CX 50 Radio Independencia CX 58 Radio Clarín 278 277 142 Dalai, Lama 235 Danielopol, Dumitru 317 Danubian Inquiry 101 Dargas, Antoni 46,121 Davies, Clement 103 Davis, Richard H. 185 Debrecen 154 decolonization 84,180, 239 defector 177, 184, 212, 214 Dehousse, Fernand 48, 139,157 Delgado, Mudo F. 67,116,118,120, 281, 316, 318 Democratic Party (U.S.) 96,192,196, 209, 305-306, 313, 315 Denmark 46, 111, 161, 167 Dent, Harry 337 Department of State 5, 8,13, 40-43, 52, 57-59, 62, 67, 74, 106, 109 f., 119 f., 129,132 f., 135,140, 165, 175, 179 f., 185, 207, 223, 251, 298, 315, 322, 327, 333-339 deportation 36, 55, 170, 292 Derwinski, Edward J. 192,197, 200 détente 217, 297, 334, 337 Diem, Ngo Dinh 224, 235 f. differentiation policy (U.S.) 86, 306 Dillon, Douglas 106, 208 Dimitrov, Georgi M. “Gemeto” xv, 30-31, 33, 66, 102, 129, 131-132, 142, 146, 185,197, 303, 312, 319 Dineva, Detelina 358 Dingėti, John D. 196 diplomats 4,18, 21, 29, 33 f., 39, 49,105, 298 Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil de Cuba, Cali (Colombia) 280 discontent (stimulating behind the Iron Cur tain) 33, 53,124, 212, 329 436 Subject Index division of Europe 107,117 Dobriansky, Lev E. 12,201-204, 223, 225-227 Dobrynin, Anatoly 176 Dodd, Thomas J. 192,197,199, 200, 224, 308, 313, 318 Dolapchiev, Nikola 136 Dolbeare, Frederic 219 Domachowska Agata 358 Dominican Republic 5, 23f., 47f., 160,185, 316, 327 Dominick, Peter H. 237 Donovan, William J. 94 Dosti, Hasan 37 Duke, Angier Biddle 94,174 Dulles, Allen W. 43 f., 85, 195 Dulles, John F. 36, 40 f„ 54, 69, 106, 109, 123, 138, 141, 145, 157, 205, 322 Dunning John L. 281 Durán, Julio 250 Durin-Hornyik, Veronika 6 Düsseldorf 68 Dunning John L. 281 Durán, Julio 250 Durin-Hornyik, Veronika 6 Düsseldorf 68 East Central Europe xiii-xvi, 1, 4f., 8f., 14, 21 f., 26f., 36, 42, 44, 49, 55, 58ff., 68, 76, 84, 91, 95 f., 99,103 f., 107,110, 120, 158,164, 166, 169,177,184, 187, 190 f., 194-198, 202, 208, 226, 235 f., 238 f., 244, 248 f., 258 f„ 269-271, 275 f., 279 f., 289, 300, 302, 311, 322324, 327, 329 f. - definition of 18,24-27 - ethnic voting bloc in the U.S. 159,190, 192,199 f., 203 f., 305, 336 -world diaspora 14f., 25, 34, 48, 80, 89, 241, 248 Eastman, James 331 Ecuador 127, 160, 258, 264, 267, 269 f., 272, 275 f., 279 f. Eden, Anthony 127, 136 educating the elites (by the exiles) 40, 46, 93, 185 Egypt 153, 241 Ehrlich, Henryk 91 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 2-5,7-10,13, 16-24, 28, 31, 34, 37f., 42, 74 - doctrine 168 - President’s Committee on Information Ac tivities Abroad (The Sprague Commit tee), 1960 299 elections 3, 9, 34, 36, 50f„ 75f., 96,123, 132,141,145,147, 149f., 161f., 182, 184, 196, 245 f, 272, 312, 322, 334, 340 - elections, U.S. 95,158, 192, 297 - fraudulent xiii f., 3, 27, 45,130 Elow, Adavia 19 El Prado (radio station) 279 El Salvador 258 émigrés 10, 23, 27, 41, 49 f., 52, 57 f., 76, 89, 102, 147, 170, 220, 223, 248, 250, 255, 293, 296, 334, 336, 338 Emisora Central (radio) 279 Emmet, Christopher T. 14, 88, 91-98,138, 174-175, 198, 221, 309, 313 - 318, 326 f. Ernő, Gero 152 Escape 1, 3, 27, 49, 89, 93, 97, 235 - escapee 89, 212 Estonia xiii, 22, 24, 27, 58, 66f„ 123,194, 211, 256, 267 Estonian Evangelic-Lutheran Conference 87 Estonian House 339 Estonian National Committee in the USA 87 ethnics 3, 88f., 90, 97f., 159, 260, 306 European Council for World Freedom 216 European Freedom Council 227 European integration 15, 36,101, 104,107, 120 European Movement 102,106, Ulf., 117120, 315 executions 170, 174, 177, 292 Executive Committee (of the CIA) 13, 57, 59-62, 263, 283-287, 301, 307 Executive Committee (of the FEC Board of Di rectors) 13, 62, 294, 298 f., 301, 304, 323 exiles xiii ff., 1-18, 21-28, 34f., 37, 40-44, 47-51, 53-58, 60 f., 63, 65 f., 68-74, 76-86, 87f., 90, 94 f., 97, 101105,107-119, 124 f., 128-137, 146 f., 149 f., 158-166,168 f., 172,175-178, Subject Index 180-187,190,193 ff., 197, 200, 202, 204-207, 210, 214, 222, 224, 228 f., 234, 237, 241-244, 247, 250 f., 260 f., 264, 266, 268 ff., 272, 276, 280 f., 283, 286, 289, 291, 293-299, 301-307, 310 f., 315-319, 321-330 -definition 3f. - networks 16, 39 f., 70, 80,105,187, 241, 242, 257, 325 Fabian, Béla xvi f., 126, 138,174, 260 Faget, Maria Sara 289 fascists 31,114, 220, 289 Faure, Maurice 136 f., federalism 1,101,107 Federation of Women’s Clubs 38 Feighan, Michael A. 194 Fic, Miroslav V. 36 Fitelson, William 142 f. Flanagan, Richard H. 67 Flood, Daniel J. 192, 196f., 200 Fong, Hiram 224 forced labor 36 f., 55 Foreign Affairs Round Table on the WEVD sta tion in New York 91 Foreign Agents Registration Act 60, 87 France 29, 46, 80, 103, 105,110, 112,115, 127, 130, 137, 151, 153, 156, 160, 169 François-Poncet, André 111 Franklin, Benjamin 235 Frashëri, Midhat 11 Frashëri, Ragip 121 Frazer jr., John 90 Free Albania Committee 27, 339 freedom 1-2, 22 f., 41, 46, 58, 70, 92-95, 103 f., Ill, 118-121, 124, 133 f., 139, 142-147, 150, 156-164, 169, 178, 182f., 195, 198, 201-209, 212, 217f., 222, 224f., 227-230, 232f., 235, 239, 242, 267, 269, 275 f., 291f., 301, 306, 310, 321, 323, 326, 336-340 Freedom Day 17, 134, 211, 215, 223, 228239, 291 Freedom Fighters (Hungarians) 134,144, 164, 173 ff., 222, 224, 327, 333 freedom train 2 Freedom Week 229 437 Free Europe Citizens’ Service, FECS 71, 172 Free Europe Committee, FEC 1-19, 51-86, 291-319 - budget (of FEC) 58f., 63, 65, 68, 72f., 282, 293f., 300f., 305 - control of exile activities 42, 56, 62f., 68f., 72, 80, 98 f., 283f., 295f., 305, 307, 308, 325, 327, 331 ֊ Division of Exile Relations, DER, FEER 7, 55, 57, 63, 71-74, 77 ff., 85, 90, 98, 108, 125, 155, 293, 329 Free Europe Organizations and Publications, FEOP 63, 74, 134, 181, 245, 291, 299 Free Europe Press, FEP 3f., 45, 61-63, 71, 257, 265, 293 Free Europe University in Exile, FEUE 6, 62 free world (non-Communist states) xiv, 1-8, 15, 21, 23, 29, 38, 47, 61, 70, 77, 79, 84, 86, 101,112, 123, 126, 130, 132, 134 f., 141, 144, 146 f., 149, 154, 156, 163, 165, 167, 171 f., 177, 179, 182, 183, 230, 232ff., 245, 261f., 266f„ 270, 292 ff., 301 f„ 321, 323 f., 327, 329, 331, 334 Freiburg 91 Frei Montalva, Eduardo 242 Friends of Captive Nations 18, 30, 32 f., 83, 88, 302, 323 front organization 81-82, 91-92, 323, 334 Fulbright, William J. 224, 332 f. fundraising 95 Gabaccia, Donna 19 Gadomska, Jadwiga 19 Gadomski, Feliks xvii, lOf., 31, 36, 41, 48, 63, 89, 94, 107, 116, 121, 169, 186, 289, 321, 334, 340 Gaete, Luis Cornejo 258, 267, 270, 276, 279 f. Gafencu, Grigore 102,160 Galandere, Lewis 14, 53f., 57, 62, 82, 270 Gamarotta, Juan Carlos 278 Gamarra, Francisco 249 Garret, Stephen 204 Gaspar, Edmund 186, 256f., 260, 264֊ 278, 281, 288-289, 303, 314 438 Subject Index gatekeepers 319, 325 Gdańsk xiii, 33 Gebhardt, Stanisław 19, 321 Geneva 97, 106, 140, 175, 224 Geneva Conference, 1955 47, 86,106 f., 123 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 1949 170, 211f. Georgia 202 Germany 49f., 54, 106, UOf., 116,137, 197 - East; German Democratic Republic 24, 27, 130,133, 202 ֊ West; Federal Republic of Germany 76, 80, 91,114, U6f., 169, 235, 298, 333 Gërmenji, Themistokli 32 Gërmenji, Vasil xvii, 31 f., 225-227, 310, 313 Gimesz, Miklós 174 Glassboro 297 Goedhart, Frans J. 106,108, 111 Góis de, Monteiro Pedro Aurélio 248 Goldberg, Arthur J. 238 Goldwater, Barry 313 Gomes, Souza 161 Gomułka, Władysław 146 government in exile xiv, 26, 52, 58, 91, 119, 147, 173,199 Granja Estrella, Luis Eduardo 279 Graužinis, Kazimieras 251f. Great Britain xv, 32, 46, 92,118,136, 151, 153,156,161 - British assistance to exiled politicians xv, 128, 132, 136 Greenwood, Arthur 103 Griffith, William E. 103, 297 Grisonas, Anatolius 278 Gross, Ernest A. 304 Gross, Feliks 51 Guatemala 129-130,160,264,268 Güell, Gonzalo 250 Guevarra, Ernesto Che 246 Gulf of Tonkin (incident) 332, 234 Guimaraes, Ulysses 161 Guttenberg von und zu Freiherr, Karl Theodor 311 Gyula, Kovács 174 Hague 138 Hague Congress, 1948 102 Hajdú, George 174 Hall, Thomas R. xv Halpern, Seymour 192 Halychyn, Dmytro 89 Hamilton, Ira C. xv Hammarskjöld, Dag 127, 153, 157 f., 174 f. Harriman, Averell 133 f. Hart-Celler Act of 1965 264f. Hatami, Abolhassan 176 Havana 247, 251, 255 Hawley, Haven E. 67 Healy Jr., William L. 67 Héderváry de, Claire 171,173 Hegedűs, András 152 Heikkilä, Pauli 358 Helfant, Henry 256 Helsinki Youth Festival 245 Henderson, Horace E. 267, 282, 305 Hennyey, Gustav 39,114 Henry, Patrick 235 Herter, Christian A. 97 Hidalgo Zelaya, Luis Roberto 243, 258, 288 Hohler, Henry A. F. “Harry” 136 Holub, Václav 136 Honduras 258, 264 Hong Kong 215 Hoover Institution Archives, HIA 12-14,19, 92 Hoover Jr., Herbert 247, 255 hope (maintaining behind the Iron Curtain) 3, 54, 70, 85, 134, 208, 230, 292, 301, 306, 337 Horm, Arvo 225 Horváth, János 19, 275 f., 321 Howard, Keyana 19 Hruška, Roman L. 200 Hsueh, Yu-Chi 162, 232 Hsu, Victor 216 Hughes, John C. Ill, 300, 304 humanism 242 Humanitás 28, 37 Human Rights 23, 36, 88,104,107,130, 138 f„ 146, 150,170, 198, 235, 272, 275 f. Humphrey, Hubert 198 Subject Index Hungarian Committee 27, 97f., 168,173, 245, 265 f., 317 f. Hungarian Freedom Fighters 173f., 327, 333 Hungarian Freedom Fighters Federation 173 Hungarian National Council 27,144,157, 173, 222, 229, 260, 265 Hungarian National Sports Federation (in exile) 6 Hungarian Red Cross Relief Committee 265 Hungary xiv-xvi, 16, 22, 32, 58, 96,102, 107, 123, 150, 152-177, 179, 182, 185, 194, 196, 221 f., 233, 246, 255 f., 259, 261, 265, 267, 273, 295, 304, 340 - Revolution of 1956 5,16, 29, 32, 54, 148, 151, 155, 158, 163 f., 167 f., 170 f., 172, 174, 177 f., 182, 187, 221, 224, 233, 246, 260, 264 f., 289, 292-294, 303, 325, 334 Hungary Under Soviet Rule (by ACEN) 47, 97 f., 149,171 f. Huston, Cloyce K. 98,134, 291 Ibáñez del Campo, Carlos 249, 254 lde!-Ural 202 ideological gueriUas 80-82 Ignatavitius Msgr. 279 Immigration History Research Center, IHRC 12,19 immigration to the U.S. 228f., 265 - by the exiles xvi, 75, 264, 266 India 213, 235, 325 Indochina 81, 221 industry 201, 275 infighting 16, 24, 49, 303 f. - among exiles 44, 116, 256, 312 - between ACEN and FEC 84,109f., 119, 303-309, 311, 313, 318 Institute for international Youth Affairs 245 Inter-American Bar Association 257 Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIO 241 inter-ethnic cooperation in exile 50 International Advisory Council 245 International Broadcasting Act, 1973 334 International Center for Social Research 245 439 International Development Foundation, IDF 83, 283 International Feature Service 245 International Federation of Free Journalists, Free News Service, FNS 245 International Free Academy of Sciences and Letters (Paris) 37 f. International League for the Rights of Man (also as: for Human Rights) 176 International Peasant Union, IPU 28, 31, 34 f., 56,129 International Union of Students 242 Iran 127,156 Iraq 156,160 f., 216 Ireland 192 Iron Curtain 2f., 6,11,15, 37, 58, 71, 75, 88, 93, 95, 107,112, 120, 125 f., 132, 134, 147, 149, 155, 168, 177, 194, 201, 208 f., 214, 217, 222, 235, 244, 247 f., 257, 292, 322, 324, 329, 337, 344 Italy 46, 80, 111 lujnevich, Ceferino 278 lujnevich, Francisco J. 276, 278 Jackson, C.D. 13f., 24, 51, 85, 96, 98,112, 195, 282, 298, 300, 322 Jackson, William H. 51, 57, 217f., 299 Jaksch, Wenzel 311 Jandrey, Frederick W. 43 Japan 80,169,179, 222 Javits, Jacob K. 48,192,195 f., 200, 202 Jenner, William 331 Jewish Labor Committee 137 Jinhae (also as: Chinhae) 215, 217 Johnson, A. Ross 2, 5-8,13-14,19, 21f., 42, 44, 52, 54-5, 59, 69f., 72, 155, 220, 296-299, 306, 308-310, 313, 316, 331f., 332, 334 Johnson, Lyndon B. 209f., 332 Johnson, U. Alexis 42 Jordan, William M. 167,173 f. Joynes-Walker, Jerome 19 JUS publishing house, Mexico 273-4 Kádár, Janos 152, 154, 164 f., 175, 295 Kádár Lynn, Katalin 6,10,19, 59 Kaiser, Wolfram 7 440 Subject Index Kappel, Albert D. 67,115, 225, 274 f., 277, 280, 305, 307-312, 315 Karaganda labor camp 134 Katek, Charles xv Katzenbach, Nicholas 332 Katzenstein, Rodolfo 278 Kaunas 30 Keating, Kenneth B. 192,196,199 Kecskés, Gusztáv 178 Kelly, Edna F. 192 Kendrick, J. T. 109 Kennan, George F. 24f., 51, 54, 329 Kennedy, John F. 8, 94,112,196 f., 209, 234, 263, 297, 300, 304, 306 Kennedy, Robert 81 Kenya 143 Kersten, Charles J. 194-196 Khrushchev, Nikita 42, 84, 86,123-125, 142, 178, 181-184, 204, 207 f., 210, 303 Kim, ll-sung 211, 213 Király, Béla 66, 168, 174, 222, 224 Kirschen, Leonard 274 Kissinger, Henry 335-337 Knowland, William F. 94,145 Kohler, Foy D. 109 f., 175, 180 Kokoshi, Gjergj xiv Kolk, Raimond 67 Korbońska, Zofia 19 Korboński, Stefan xii-xvii, lOf., 14, 31f., 35, 65 f., 80, 109 f., 113f., 116,119,145, 161,173,180,184, 204, 236 f., 246252, 255, 276 f., 310 f., 315, 319, 321, 335, 338-340 Korea 154, 202, 213-215, 224 - North, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 202 f„ 224 - South, Republic of Korea 149, 202 f., 225, 230 f., 234, 237, 239 Korean Freedom Day 215, 230 Korean War 211 f„ 214, 221 Kosicki, Piotr H. 6,19 Kossuth Foundation 245 Kosygin, Alexei 297 Kotta, Kcço 33 Kotta, Nuci xvii, 31, 33, 66 Kovács, Bela xiv, 31, 245 Kovács, Imre 32 Kővágó, József 31f., 66,168, 266 Kraft, Giullermo 274 Krasniqi, Rexhep 66 Krek, Miha 34 Kubitschek, Juscelino 248 Ku, Cheng-kang 220, 222, 226 Kuomintang 211 Kütt, Aleksander 31-32, 66-67, 236, 306, 308 La Fayette de, Marie Joseph 134 Laguardia, A. (Miss) 276 Laļti, István 38 Laloy, Jean 136 Landaburu, Laureano 249 Landsbergis, Algirdas 36 Lang, Robert 57, 68 Laos 160, 224, 234 taptos, Józef xiii, 19 Larrain, Luis Valdes 249 Latin America 5,17, 39, 43, 77 f., 80-83, 145,164,178,187, 206, 228, 239, 241֊ 250, 255, 259 - 274, 277 ff., 281-290, 294 f., ЗОЇ, 325, 334 Latvia xiii-xvii, 22, 24, 27, ЗО, 32, 58, 67, 123, 194, 211, 256, 267 la Voz de Polonia Libre (radio program) 278 la Voz de Riobamba 279 League and Union of American-Romanian So cieties 87 League of Nations ЗО Lebanon 39, 241, 283 Legal Commission for Poznań Trials, New York 138,142 legitimacy (of exile political representations) 7-9, 35, 49, 79, 86 Leich, John F. 11, 19, 26, 67f., 71ff., 87, 98,118,120, 219, 324, 327, 339 Lettrich, József 31 f., 66, 312, 319 Lewis Jr., Fulton 331 Liberal Democratic Union of Central Eastern Europe, LDUCEE 28 liberation xiv, 3f., 22 f., 51, 81, 85, 93, 95 f., 107,120, 124,126,132, 136, 146, 149,163, 168, 208, 226, 232, 235, 254, 321, 324 - U.S. policy of 40, 54, 58, 69, 334 Subject Index life under communism 2, 31,170,180, 229, 242, 248, 275, 289 Lima 248, 250, 262 f„ 267, 270, 272 Limb, Ben C. 230 Lincoln, Abraham 195, 235 Lisbon 33 Lithuania xiii, 22ff., 27, 58, 67, 123, 194, 211, 256, 267 lobbying 3, 16, 22, 46 f., 49, 108, 117, 151, 190, 201, 203 f., 245, 255, 261, 292 f., 307 London 5,14, 27, 30, 33, 94, 101, 103, 105, lllf., 114, 118 f., 121, 132, 135 f., 159, 311f., 339 L.R. Radiodifusora Antártida 278 Lukasiewicz, Sławomir 8,10,19 Macao 216 Maček, Vladko 34 Machrowicz, Thaddeus M. 145, 196 Macmillan, Harold 102 Maim, Nikoai 66 Majer, Vaclav 237 Malaya 216 Maleter, Pál 170,174, 177 Maisin, Raphael 98 Manhattan xvi, 149, 281, 206 Manila 218, 221, 223, 232, 235, 238 Maniu, Uiu xiv Manley, Conrad 252 Mara, Nicolas 270 Marinescu, Aurel Sergiu 11 Marshal Piłsudski Association 278 Marshall Plan 101, 263 Martin, David 318 Martinez Gómez, Fernando 259 Martin, Jr., Joseph W. 196 Marxists 288 Masaryk, Jan xv Māsēns, Vilis xvif., 30f., 33, 43, 56, 66f., 105, 109 f., 126, 135 f., 145, 161, 163, 169,186, 246 f., 251-255, 321 mass (religious ceremony) 205, 244, 258, 260 Mathias Jr., Charles Mc. C. 203 Mauthausen 139 Max, Alphonse 276 441 Mazurkiewicz, Marcjanna 19 McCargar, James xiii, 26, 67, 77, 98,108, 293 McCarthyism 213, 218 McClure, Robert A. 212 McCormack, John W. 196, 202 McDonald, Robert E. 60 McDowell, Arthur G. 238 McHale, Edward 98 McNulty, Henry P. 84, 96, 229 Meany, George 48 Mei, Aksel 37 meritorious exile program 7,18, 63, 65, 302 Merrill, Frederick T. 56, 67, 229 Mewshaw, Franklin A. 140 Mexico 46, 80,169, 243 f., 246, 273 f., 288 Mexico City 256, 276 f. Meyer, Cord 85, 195, 200, 259, 267, 270, 272, 282, 304, 319 Michael (King of Romania) xvii Michalak, Władysław xvii, 237 Mickelson, Sig 44 Mid-European Studies Center, MESC 4, 61, 101 Middle East 43,140, 153,164,168 Middle East Solidarity Council 216 Midtown Letter Service Co., Inc. 46 migration xiiif., 19, 27, 34f., 107 Mihailovič, Draža 138 Mikkonen, Simo 10 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław xv, 27, 34, 66,102, 125 Mikoyan, Anastas 152 Minton, Robert 181, 266 Misuinas, Carlos 278 Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic 26 Mollet, Guy 127 Molnar, Mirjam 19 Monagan, John S. 196 Montevideo 248, 251, 256, 262, 265, 270, 276 f., 288 f„ 414 Morawski, Kajetan 66,160 Moscow 15, 76, 109, 123 f., 126, 133, 142, 149,151,174,180, 183, 204, 206, 221, 246, 275, 282, 292, 300, 304, 314, 337 442 Subject Index Movimiento Cristiano del Uruguay Pro Defen sa de ia Libertad y los Derechos Mumanos 243 Mowrer, Edgar Ansel 317 Mundt, Kari E. 224 257 f., 261, 264, 268 f., 273, 275, 292, 298, 317, 324, 338 f., 341 New Zealand 168 Munich 62, 67f., 109, Ulf., 115,145, 219, 222, 297 f., 317, 333 Murphy, Robert D. 161 Myroniuk, Hälynä 19 Nixon, Richard M. 262 f., 297, 305, 332334, 337 Nixon-Lodge ticket 305 non-aligned nations/countries 81,113,179 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO 76, 80,101f., 117,155, 166, 340 Novedades de la ANCE 45, 257, 269 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963 282 nuncio (papal) 248f., 251 Nurkiewicz, Ignatius 88 Nagórski Sr., Zygmunt 129 f. Nagy, Ferenc 31f., 233-234, 236, 282 Nagy, Imre 152-154, 168, 170, 174,177 Nanticoke 192 National Archives at College Park, NARA il 13 National Captive Nations Committee, NCNC 1, 12f., 201, 205, 223, 225, 227f., 235 national committees and councils (East Cen tral European in exile) 3, 7, 22, 56 f., 103, 155, 229, 304 National Committee for a Free Europe - see Free Europe Committee (FEC) National Committee for Free Albania - see Free Albania Committee national communism 40,124, 331, 335 National Confederation of American Ethnic Groups 87 nationalist globalism 208 National Labor Alliance of Russian Solidarists (Narodno-trudovoi soiuz) 218220 National Representation of Free Hungary 173 National Security Act, 1947 60 National Security Council, NSC 52, 339 National Student Association 332 naturalization 35 Nazis 32, 48, 219 Ñecas, Daniel 19 Negaro, de Lima Francisco 248 Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission 213 New Left 332 News From Behind the Iron Curtain 257 New York 169, 174,177f., 181, 186, 193, 195, 199 f., 206, 225 f„ 229 f., 244, Nicaragua 160 Niebuhr, Reinhold Quemoy 236 Quirino, Elpidio 173 215 racial discrimination 186,197 Raczyński, Eward 66, 102, 119 Radio Belgrano 289 Radio Bolivariana 276 Radio Ecuatoriana 279 Radio Free Asia, RFA 12, 218 Radio Free Europe, RFE 2-7,12f., 44, 52-54, 59-61, 69 f., 72, 114, 116, 155, 218, 226, 296, 298 f., 309, 328, 331f., 334-336 Radio in American Sector, RIAS 52 Radio Liberty, RL 6,12,14, 25, 52, 54, 59 f., 137, 299, 328, 331f. Radio Sutatenza 279 Radio Vanguardia 279 Radio Vera Cruz 279 Ramadier, Paul 103 Ramsbotham, Peter E. 128 Rapacki, Adam 127 Rasin, Miroslav 256 Raška, Francis D. 19, 358 Ratiu, Ion 102,119 Ray, John H. 119 refugees xii, xvi, 3f., 16, 23, 36 f„ 44, 54, 71, 75, 81 f., 89, 93,105-107, 113,117120,123,125,128,133, 141, 143, 147, 150, 170, 175, 197, 210, 222, 234, 236, 238, 247, 254, 329 Subject Index Regules, Dardo 249 Rehak, Edmund 39,121 Rei, August 102 Reisch, Alfred 6 repatriation 55,211-214, 254 Republican Party (U.S.) 96, 192, 305 f., 311 ff„ 315 Ressel, Edward 256 f., 272 Retinger, Joseph (Józef) 102 Reuss, Henry S. 196 Reyman, Karl 226 Reynaud, Paul 103 Rhee, Syngman 215, 231 Richardson Jr., John 2, 60f., 72,113, U7f., 282, 286, 299-306, 308, 311, 313, 316 f„ 324 Riga 30 Rio de Janeiro 243, 248, 257, 270, 272, 277, 279 Rio Grande (U.S. border) 241, 259 Ripka, Hubert 102 Rochambeau de, Jean-Baptiste 134, 291 Rockefeller, Ne(son 195 Rojas, Isaac 249 Rojek Fr., Arthur W. 142 Romania xivf., 22, 33, 50, 58,102,119, 123, 150,185, 211, 247, 256, 267, 274, 315, 319 Romanian American National Committee 88 f. Romanian National Committee 27 Romanians 34, 48, 65, 117, 220, 311, 337 Rome 48,101, 121,136 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 133 - Four Freedoms Speech 208 Ross, Thomas B. 331 Roulin, Stéphanie 10 Roux, Jacques 160 Rowson, Richard C. 41, 62, 302 Rozmarek, Charles 96 Rusk, Dean 42, 86,112, 281 f., 299f., 306 f., 332 Russians 24f., 40, 202, 218f., 333 Rybicki, Roman W. 19 Rymančius, Wenceslao 278 Rymarz, Teresa and Zdzisław 19 Ryukyu 215 443 Saigon 215 f., 223, 227, 235-237 Sainte-Marie Soruco, Osvaldo 250 Salgado, Clovis 248 Samsel, Stanisław 278 San Diego 317 Sandinista 290 San Martin, José de 249 Santiago 247, 249, 251f., 256, 267, 270, 272, 276 São Paulo 248, 272 Savarius, Vincent 274 schism 49,118 Schuman, Robert HOf. Scott-Smith, Giles 10 Scranton 192 Scutaru Beatrice 358 self-determination (principle) 14, 21, 29, 43, 45, 48, 50, 55, 82, 88, 114, 146, 157, 162, 185-187, 222, 234, 295, 300 Seoul 215 f., 224, 227, 231 Separatists 24 f., 219, 226 - Slovak 219 - Ukrainian 25, 219 Serbs 226 Shepardson, Whitney H. 56f., 105,135 Sherer, Albert W. 110 Shmelev, Anatol 19 show trials 144, 146 Sidzikauskas, Vaclovas 170f., 175,185186, 223, 231, 235-236, 238, 266, 318 Siekierski, Maciej 19 Sieniewicz, Konrad 242 Simon, László 288-289 Simon, Peter 19 Simpson, Christopher 13, 19 Singapore 216,236 Sirutis, Stany 257, 274 Siudyla, Wanda 276, 278 Skoryna-Lipski, Jerzy 270, 273-276, 288 slave labor 211 Śleszyński, Janusz 242, 284 Śliwiński, Stanisław 256, 262 Slovaks 34, 48, 117, 220, 226 Slovakia 25,340 Slovenes 226 Sobolev, Arkady 164 Subject Index Socialist Union of Central Eastern Europe, SUCEE 28, 159 social progress 82 soft power 8, 263 Soumar, Bolesław 66 South East Asia Treaty Organization, SEATO 80 Soviet Bloc (satellite countries) 40, 52, 61, 82,197, 209 f., 254, 298, 300, 304, 313, 340 - troops, withdrawal of 50, 123, 132, 145, 152, 154, 159, 161-166,169, 182, 247, 322, 334 Soviet Union, USSR xv, 1, 10, 24 f., 36, 54, 81, 109, 112 f., 117, 123 ff., 128-135, 142, 145-147, 149-153,156 f., 162 ff., 166,169 f., 175 f., 180 ff., 194 f., 197, 202, 204 f., 209, 212, 224, 236, 245 f., 247, 256, 259, 264, 297, 300, 304, 330, 332 ff. - as coionial empire 85, 179,180, 182, 194 Spain 46, 80,160 Special Committee to watch over the Inter ests of European Nations not represent ed in the Council of Europe 104,157 sputnik 78 Stanek, Piotr 10,19 Stansky, Jan 67, 275-276 Stetsko, Yaroslav 219 Stevens, Francis B. 132 Stevenson, Adlai 141, 145,158 Stevenson-Kefauver Campaign Committee 158 f. stipends for exile leaders 18, 50, 60, 300, 335 Stockholm 39,48 Stonek, Eva R. 289 Strasbourg ЗО, 38, 46, 48, 80,104,105 f., 114-117, 121,169, 180 struggle for hearts and minds 11,179, 290 Struna, Marijan 38 Stypulkowski, Zbigniew 135 Suez Canal, crisis 1956 79,142,153-155, 158 Sumulong, Lorenzo 183 f., 221 support for exile activities 21 f. -ethnic 1-6, 8-13, 15-17, 21, 28f., 57, 61, 66-68, 75, 79 -financial 3, 6-9,12-14,17f., 23-26, 29, 31, 36 f., 39, 41-43, 45, 47, 69 - foreign 1-28, 32-34, 36-41, 45, 47, 53 f., 57-63, 65-67, 71, 76 -political 1-69,71,73-78 Sweden 46,127,156, 213 Switzerland 2, 6, 32, 106, 111, 213 Szász, Béla 274 Széchényi, Andres 289 Szent-Miklosy, István 174 Szilágyi, József 174 Taft jr., Robert 237 Taipei 162, 211, 216, 220-223, 225-227, 231 f., 235 Taiwan 10,16,144,149,151,156,162,171, 178, 211f., 214-216, 221f., 225, 227, 231-236, 238 f. Talvari, Evald 256 Tamoslunas, Myk M. 244, 274 f., 279 Tanner, Sophia S. 19 Tarnowski, Jan 256 Teheran (Conference) 211 Thailand 161,168,179, 215 f., 227 Thaw (post-Stalinist relaxation) 86,145 f., 152 Tibet 14, 185, 224, 235 Tito, Josip Broz 26,123 Tokyo 224, 236 Torres de Leon, Fernand 276 Toth, Csanad 275 f. trade unionism 28, 37, 68,125,137, 160, 201, 237, 242, 267 Tran, Tam 216, 222-224, 236 f. Trimakas, Antanas 67 Trinh, Duong 19 Tromly, Benjamin 10, 220 Truitt, George A. 78, 80f., 241, 280f. Trujillo, Rafael Leonidas 24, 47, 327 Tsankov, Aleksandar 219 Tsiang, Tingiu F. 131, 162,178,184, 222, 230, 232, 262 Turkestan 202 Subject Index Turkey 179, 216 Tustanowskl, Roman 278 U-2 incident 332 Ukraine 24-26,202 - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 26 Ukrainian Congress Committee of America 89, 201 Ukrainians 24 f., 48, 89, 98 f„ 219 Ulmanis, Karlis 32 uncommitted nations 5, 71, 74, 78, 80 f., 84, 241, 301, 322 underdeveloped countries 31 Union Civica International (Mexico) 243 United National Committees and Councils in Exile, UNCCE 56 United Nations, UN 123,127-131, 137, 145,149 f., 164-165, 171,174, 181, 183, 196, 214, 223, 236, 239, 292, 303 f., 321 - Charter violations 209, 129, 144, 147, 157, 159, 166 f. - Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 11, 55,140, 323 - Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi zation, UNESCO 197 - Resolutions re: Hungary 154-162,167f. - Special Committee on Hungary 167-171, 175 f. - Universal Declaration of Human Rights 130 United States xiii-xv, 1-917, 21, 24, 38, 48, 51ff„ 69, 80, 95, 101, 103, 105, 124 f., 128 f., 133, 140,151, 158,161, 197, 201-209, 216 f., 231, 237, 239, 262, 264, 267, 285, 302, 325, 329, 333, 336 - U.S. Congress 8, 16, 18, 35, 40, 57, 95, 97, 125, 129, 133, 138 f., 189-196, 198, 204, 200, 206, 210, 322, 339, 332, 324 - U.S. Government 2f., 8, 24f., 27, 41 ff., 58, 69, 97,129, 140 f., 165,174, 190, 194, 202, 205, 212, 254, 262, 300, 304, 306, 322, 325 ff., 331, 337, 339 - U.S. state-private network 3, 9,101, 217218, 296 United States Escapee Program 212 445 United States Information Service, USIS 252 United States Information Agency, USIA 12, 46 unity 23, 49, 89, 96,101, 103, 110 f., 114, 116-119, 219, 231, 324, 326 Uruguay 46, 160,162, 167, 169, 243, 246, 248, 251 f., 255 f., 260 f., 263-267, 272, 275 - 278, 281, 288 - 290 Uruguayan League to Fight Communism 248 Usulután 258 Vahter, Leonhard xvi-xvii Vajda, Paul 36, 221 Vallée Poussin, Charles Jean de la 106 Valtcho, Vanguelov 38 Van Dongen, Luc 10 Varga, Bela, Msgr xvi, 66,173, 266, 303, 317 f., 340 Venezuela 2, 7,18, 21-23, 32f., 160, 242, 247f., 258, 262f., 267, 272f. Veniamin, Virgil 102 Veracruz 275 Vidovics, Ferenc 174 Vienna 25, 62, 67 f., 170, 172, 175, 219 Vietnam 224,234 - North, Democratic Republic of Vietnam 202, 224 - South, Republic of Vietnam 16,149,160, 215 f., 224, 230, 235, 237 f. - wars in 42, 332 Vişoianu, Constantin xv, xvii, 66,145, 246 - 7, 252, 308, 312, 318 - 9, 337 Vlasovites 220 Voice of America 17, 52,134, 333 Volman, Sacha 241 Volunteer Christian Committee to Boycott Nazi Germany 91 Vorkuta labor camp 133 Vorrink, Koos 103 Vrzala, Jaroslav 38 Vu, Van Mau 237 Wadsworth, James J. 165 Wagner, Robert F. 145 Wales 192 446 Subject Index Walker, E. Ronald 126 f., 131 World Buddhist Sangha Council Walter, H. Judd 8, 12, 93, 238, 337f. World Council of Churches Walter, Ralph World Federation of Trade Unions 19, 45, 69, 73, 84, 219, 327 f. World Freedom Day Warma, Aleksander Warsaw 10, 39 227 5 242 230, 239 World League for Freedom and Democracy 8,10-12,16, 30, 33, 50,102, 216 109, 124, 127, 129, 131, 133, 137 f., 142, World Peace Council 145 f., 152 f., 157, 164, 211, 298, 321, World War II 326, 340 242 3f., 7,12, 20f., 91f., 94,101, 114,179, 211, 219, 237, 308, 340 Warsaw Pact 76, 121, 152 f„ 159 Washington Wortzel, Arthur I. 6f., 10,13, 17-19, 21, 23 f., 28, 33, 35, 43, 46-48, 51, 57f., 87,114, 185 Wright, Jr., Frank C. Wright, Quincy 21, 76, 97f. 209 117, 128, 132,135,140f„ 155,161, 211, 213 f., 217, 226, 298, 312 f., 319, 324, Yalta Conference, 1945 327, 338 f. Yarrow, Bernard Wentworth, William C. 178,184 f. 172,185, 222, 291, 305, 311 West European Advisory Committee (by FEC) year of Africa, 1960 Yen, Chia-kan 69,110 White House (U.S. President) 44 f., 57, 86, Yin, Pao-Yu 250 Yu, Chi Hsueh 333-339 Yugoslavia White Ruthenia Wilkes-Barre 143,163, 245, 285 Williams, Harrison 10 Zakšauskienė, Inga 228 Zanin, Mario 94 358 249 Zawadowski, Zygmunt 331 Wojdon, Joanna 162 Zake, leva 4 Wistrand, Karl Yu, K.W. 48 Williamsburg Declaration, 1952 Wise, David 232 14, 24, 26, 37, 42, 48, 67, 75, 102, 127,156 202 Wierzbicka, Nina 181 226 94,132, 159, 297, 300, 304, 309, 331, Wierzbiański, Bolesław 92 63, 65-67, 73, 98,125, Zdziechowski, Jerzy 106, 108, 111, 169 Zeeland van, Paul 19 Women for Freedom of Europe Workers Defense league Zenkl, Petr 28, 38 138, 142 World Anti-Communist League, WACL Ziętara, Pawel 227 i Bayerische j Staatsbibliothek 1 klA«jikAM I 111 xv-xvii, 10, 31-2, 48, 66, 111, 185, 230 216, 39, 241 102,136 19
any_adam_object	1
any_adam_object_boolean	1
author	Mazurkiewicz, Anna 1957-
author_GND	(DE-588)1127341197
author_facet	Mazurkiewicz, Anna 1957-
author_role	aut
author_sort	Mazurkiewicz, Anna 1957-
author_variant	a m am
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV047190806
classification_rvk	NQ 5910
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1231982131 (DE-599)DNB1195884540
dewey-full	322.40869140973
dewey-hundreds	300 - Social sciences
dewey-ones	322 - Relation of state to organized groups
dewey-raw	322.40869140973
dewey-search	322.40869140973
dewey-sort	3322.40869140973
dewey-tens	320 - Political science (Politics and government)
discipline	Politologie Geschichte
discipline_str_mv	Politologie Geschichte
era	Geschichte 1954-1972 gnd
era_facet	Geschichte 1954-1972
format	Book
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047190806</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220719</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t\|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">210311s2021 gw \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">19,N40</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">21,A09</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1195884540</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783110657050</subfield><subfield code="c">Festeinband : EUR 79.95 (DE) (freier Preis), EUR 79.95 (AT) (freier Preis)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-11-065705-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3110657058</subfield><subfield code="9">3-11-065705-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783110657050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1231982131</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DNB1195884540</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-BE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-B1533</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M100</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-634</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1052</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1102</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1047</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1028</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-573</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M347</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-92</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-863</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-862</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-70</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-2174</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-127</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-155</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-150</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-154</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">322.40869140973</subfield><subfield code="2">23/ger</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HIST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NQ 5910</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)128664:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">320</subfield><subfield code="2">23sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mazurkiewicz, Anna</subfield><subfield code="d">1957-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1127341197</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War</subfield><subfield code="b">the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972</subfield><subfield code="c">Anna Mazurkiewicz</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Berlin</subfield><subfield code="b">De Gruyter Oldenbourg</subfield><subfield code="c">[2021]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XVII, 446 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="c">24 cm, 804 g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rethinking the Cold War</subfield><subfield code="v">volume 8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">War zeitweise Open Access bei De Gruyter 1.7.2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="2" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Assembly of Captive European Nations</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4259-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1954-1972</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ost-West-Konflikt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4075770-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Kommunismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4031892-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kommunismus</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kalter Krieg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Assembly of Captive European Nations</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4259-6</subfield><subfield code="D">b</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1954-1972</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Kommunismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4031892-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Ost-West-Konflikt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4075770-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">De Gruyter Oldenbourg</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1065492103</subfield><subfield code="4">pbl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, pdf</subfield><subfield code="o">10.1515/9783110661002</subfield><subfield code="z">978-3-11-066100-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, epub</subfield><subfield code="o">10.1515/9783110661002</subfield><subfield code="z">978-3-11-065718-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, EPUB</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Rethinking the Cold War</subfield><subfield code="v">volume 8</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV044885918</subfield><subfield code="9">8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">DNB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Sachregister</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">dnb</subfield><subfield code="d">20210222</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20210707</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09045</subfield><subfield code="g">947.08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09047</subfield><subfield code="g">947.08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09046</subfield><subfield code="g">947.08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09047</subfield><subfield code="g">181</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09045</subfield><subfield code="g">181</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09046</subfield><subfield code="g">181</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032596006</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
id	DE-604.BV047190806
illustrated	Not Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T16:47:49Z
indexdate	2024-12-29T04:05:15Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)1065492103
isbn	9783110657050 3110657058
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032596006
oclc_num	1231982131
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-B1533 DE-M100 DE-12 DE-634 DE-1052 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1028 DE-Aug4 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-523 DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-150 DE-154 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-706 DE-824 DE-739
owner_facet	DE-B1533 DE-M100 DE-12 DE-634 DE-1052 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1028 DE-Aug4 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-523 DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-150 DE-154 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-706 DE-824 DE-739
physical	XVII, 446 Seiten 24 cm, 804 g
psigel	BSB_NED_20210707
publishDate	2021
publishDateSearch	2021
publishDateSort	2021
publisher	De Gruyter Oldenbourg
record_format	marc
series	Rethinking the Cold War
series2	Rethinking the Cold War
spellingShingle	Mazurkiewicz, Anna 1957- Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972 Rethinking the Cold War Assembly of Captive European Nations (DE-588)4259-6 gnd Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4259-6 (DE-588)4075770-5 (DE-588)4031892-8
title	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972
title_auth	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972
title_exact_search	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972
title_exact_search_txtP	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972
title_full	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972 Anna Mazurkiewicz
title_fullStr	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972 Anna Mazurkiewicz
title_full_unstemmed	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972 Anna Mazurkiewicz
title_short	Voice of the silenced peoples in the global Cold War
title_sort	voice of the silenced peoples in the global cold war the assembly of captive european nations 1954 1972
title_sub	the assembly of captive European nations, 1954-1972
topic	Assembly of Captive European Nations (DE-588)4259-6 gnd Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd
topic_facet	Assembly of Captive European Nations Ost-West-Konflikt Kommunismus
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032596006&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV044885918
work_keys_str_mv	AT mazurkiewiczanna voiceofthesilencedpeoplesintheglobalcoldwartheassemblyofcaptiveeuropeannations19541972 AT degruyteroldenbourg voiceofthesilencedpeoplesintheglobalcoldwartheassemblyofcaptiveeuropeannations19541972

Verfügbarkeit

Inhaltsverzeichnis

MARC

Datensatz im Suchindex

Ähnliche Einträge