Along the amber route: St. Petersburg to Venice
Following the Amber Route from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, C. J. Schüler charts the origins of amber, the myths and legends that have grown around it, and the dazzling artefacts crafted from it and traded along the way. Schüler reflects on the route's violent history through the centuries,...
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Inverness, Scotland
Sandstone Press
2020
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | Following the Amber Route from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, C. J. Schüler charts the origins of amber, the myths and legends that have grown around it, and the dazzling artefacts crafted from it and traded along the way. Schüler reflects on the route's violent history through the centuries, not least his own family's experience of persecution and flight. |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite [323]-329 |
| Beschreibung: | 344 Seiten 2 Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781912240913 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Introduction: Flies in Amber PART I: The Amber Coast - St Petersburg to Kaliningrad i: The Mystery of the Amber Room 2: Crossing the Gulf 3: Exiles in their Own Land 4: Shifting Sands 5: Back in the USSR i n 30 48 68 85 PART II: Ancestral Voices — Gdańsk to Vienna 6: The Delta and the Lagoon 7: Slav and Teuton 8: Island City 9: The Moravian Gate 10: Mozart’s Requiem 115 138 161 i8z 202 PART III: Fortress Europe — Carnuntum to Venice 11: Borderlands 12: Old Gods 13: By the Dragon Bridge 14: A Haven Blessed 15: Waterlogged 225 244 263 282 297 Acknowledgements Bibliography Index 321 323 331
BIBLIOGRAPHY The greatest part of a writer’s time is spent in reading, in order to write: a man will turn over half a library to make one book. Samuel Johnson Allan, Charles, ‘Amber Route’. In Northrup, Cynthia (ed.), World Trade: A Historical Encyclopedia of Economics, Politics, Society and Culture, Voi. 1. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2005. Ammianus Marcellinus, The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354—378), trans. Walter Hamilton. London: Penguin, 1986. Andrée, Karl, Bernstein und seine Bedeutung. Königsberg: Gräfe und Unzer, 1937. Barnavi, Eli, (ed.), A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People. London: Kuperard, 1994. Bastéa, Eleni (ed.), Memory and Architecture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004. Beck, Curt W., Bouzek, Jan Dreslerova, Dagmar, Amber in Archaeology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference: Liblice 1990. Prague: Institute of Archaeology, 1993. Bliujien, Audron, Northern Gold: Amber in Lithuania. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
324 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Borchers, Roland, Berent: Ein Landkreis in Westpreußen. Hude: Schadrau Verlag, [1998]. Calvi, Maria Carina, Aquileia: Le Ambre Romane. Aquileia: Associazione Nazionale per Aquileia, 2005. Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, Letters, trans. Thomas Hodgkin. London: Henry Frowde, 1886. Čižmárova, Jana, ‘Bernstein auf dem keltischen Oppidum Staré Hradisko in Mähren’. Arbeolški vestnik 47,1996. Clark, Christopher M., Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1945. London: Allen Lane, 2006. Clark, Neil, Amber: Tears of the Gods. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, 2010. Clark, Peter B., The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany’s Easternmost Province. Chevy Chase, MD: Andover Press, 2013. Cohn, Willy, No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941, ed. Norbert Conrads, trans. Kenneth Kronenberg. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. Conwentz, H. W., Die Moorbrücken im Thal der Sorge auf der Grenze zwischen Westpreußen und Ostpreußen. Danzig: T. Bertling, 1897. Coryat, Thomas, Coryat’s Crudities: Hastily Gobled up in Five Moneths Travells. Glasgow: James MacLehose Sons, 1905. Cosmas of Prague, The Chronicle of the Czechs, trans. Lucy Wolverton. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2009. Davies, Norman, God’s Playground: A History of Poland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 32.5 Davies, Norman Moorhouse, Roger, Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City. London: Jonathan Cape, 2002. Diaz-Andreu, Margarita Champion, Timothy (eds), Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. London: UCL Press, 1996. Długosz, Jan, The Annals of Jan Długosz: A History of Eastern Europe from ad 965 to ad 1480, trans. Maurice Michael. Chichester: IMP Publications, 1997. Dönhoff, Marion, Before the Storm: Memories of My Youth in Old Prussia, trans. Jean Steinberg. New York: Knopf, 1990. Freely, John, Celestial Revolutionary: Copernicus, the Man and his Universe. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2014. Freeman, Lucy, The Story of Anna O: The Woman Who Led Freud to Psychoanalysis. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1994. Freud, Sigmund c Breuer, Joseph, Studies in Hysteria, trans. Rachel Bowlby. London: Penguin, 2004. Glückei of Hameln, The Memoirs of Glückei of Hameln, trans. Marvin Lowenthal. New York: Schocken, 1977. Grabowska, Janina, Amber in Polish History. Edinburgh: City of Edinburgh Museums, 1978. Graetz, Heinrich, Tagebuch und Briefe, ed. Michael Reuven. Tübingen: Mohr, 1977. Grempler, Wilhelm, Der Fund von Sackrau. Berlin: Lunitz Verlag, 1887. Grunfeld, Frederic, Prophets Without Honour: Freud, Kafka, Einstein, and Their World. New York: Kodansha, 1996. Guttman, Melinda Given, The Enigma of Anna O: A Biography of Bertha Pappenheim. Wickford, RI: Moyer Bell, 2001.
3Z¿ ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Haffner, Sebastian, The Rise and Fall of Prussia, trans. Ewald Osers. London: Weidenfeld C Nicolson, 1988. Istenie, Janka, Roman Stories from the Crossroads. Ljubljana: Narodni muzej Slovenije, 2015. Joenniemi, Pertti Prawitz, Jan (eds.), Kaliningrad: The European Amber Region. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998. Kershaw, Ian, To Hell and Back: Europe 1914—1949. London: Allen Lane, 2015. Kieser, Egbert, Danziger Bucht 1945: Dokumentation Katastrophe. Esslingen am Neckar: Bechtle, 1978. einer King, Rachel, ‘Whose Amber? Changing Notions of Amber’s Geographical Origin’, in Haug, H., Bushart, M. Lipińska, A. (eds.), Gemeine Artefakte. Zur gemeinschaftsbildenden Funktion von Kunstwerken in den vormodernen Kulturräumen Ostmitteleuropas. Ostblick 2.2014 Kronberger, Michaela (ed.), Vindobona; Roman Vienna. Vienna: Wien Museum, 2009. Laar, Mart, War in the Woods: Estonia’s Struggle for Survival, 1944-1956, trans. Tina Ets. Washington, DC: Howells House, 1992. Łagiewski, Maciej, An Old Jewish Cemetery in Wroclaw. Wroclaw: [nd]. Lehndorff, Hans von, Ostpreußisches Tagebuch. Munich: DTV, 1997. Michaels, Anne, Fugitive Pieces. London: Bloomsbury, 1996. Musil, Robert, Young Törless, trans. Eithne Wilkins Ernst Kaiser. St Albans: Granada Publishing, 1979.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 327 ----- The Man Without Qualities, trans. Eithne Wilkins Շ Ernst Kaiser. (3 vols). London: Pan Books, 1979. Navarro, J. M. de, ‘Prehistoric Routes between Northern Europe and Italy Defined by the Amber Trade.’ Geographical Journal 66: 481-507. 1925. Nick, Dagmar, Jüdisches Wirken in Breslau. Würzburg: W. G. Korn, 1998. ------Eingefangene Schatten: Mein jüdisches Familienbuch. Munich: C. H. Beck, 2015. Nicolaus von Jeroschin, The Chronicle of Prussia, trans. Mary Fischer. Farnham: Ashgate, 2010. Pescheck, Christian, Die Frühwandalische Kultur in Mittelschlesien. Leipzig: C. Kabitzsch, 1939. Piotrowska, Danuta, ‘Biskupin 1933-1996: Archaeology, Politics and Nationalism.’ Archaeologia Polona 35-36, 1997/98, 255-285. Ransome, Arthur, Racundra’s First Cruise. London: Allen, 1923. Rice, Patty C., Amber: The Golden Gem of the Ages. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1980. Richmond, Theo, Konin: A Quest. London: Cape, 1995. Rigby, Elizabeth, Letters from the Shores of the Baltic. London: John Murray, 1846. Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.), The Atlas of the Crusades. London: Guild Publishing, 1990. Roemer, Nils, Jewish Scholarship and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Germany: Between History and Faith. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005.
З2·8 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Scheyer, Ernst, Breslau—so wie es war. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1969. Schreiber, Hermann, The History of Roads from Amber Route to Motorway, trans. Stewart Thomson. London: Barrie Rockliff, 1961. Scott-Clark, Catherine Levy, Adrian, The Amber Room. London: Atlantic Books, 2004. Somers Cocks, Anna, ‘The Coming Death of Venice’. New York Review of Books, 20th June 2013. Spekke, Arnolds, The Ancient Amber Routes and the Geographical Discovery of the Eastern Baltic. Stockholm: Ares, 1957. Stern, Fritz, Five Germanys I Have Known. New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux, 2006. Strakauskaitė, Nijolė, Klaipėda, Curonian Spit, Königsberg: A Guide. Vilnius: R. Paknio leidykla, 2005. Teuber, Alfons, Die Schlesischer Bilderbibel (4th ed.). Munich: Verlag ‘Christ Unterwegs’, 1953. Thum, Gregor, Die fremde Stadt: Breslau 1945. Munich: Siedler, 2003. Tiefenbach, Josef Fertl, Evelyn (eds), Die Bernsteinstraße: Evolution einer Handelsroute. Eisenstadt: Landesmuseum Burgenland, 2008. Turnbull, Stephen, Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (1 ): The Red-Brick Castles of Prussia. Oxford: Osprey, 2003. Tweedie, Mrs Alec, Through Finland in Carts. London: Adam Charles Black, 1897. Weinreich, Max, Hitler’s Professors. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 3*9 Wells, Peter S., ‘The Excavations at Stična in Slovenia by the Duchess of Mecklenburg, 1905-1914’. Journal of Field Archaeology 5(2) (summer, 1978), pp. 215-226. Wielowiejski, Jerzy, Główny szlak bursztynowy w czasach cesarstwa rzymskiego (The main amber route in the time of the Koman Empire). Wroclaw: Ossolineum, 1990. Zweig, Stefan, The World of Yesterday, trans. Anthea Bell. London: Pushkin Press, 2009.
INDEX Note: the entry ‘f.’ in brackets indicates the former or alternative name(s) of the place indexed. Achtermann, Hans 24 Acre (city) 139, 300 Adler, Cäcilie 2.11, 212, 215 Adler, Jakob 177 Adler, Joseph 211 Ajdovščina (f. Aidussina) 278-80 Alaric (Visigoth) 279, 295 Albrecht II, Holy Roman Emperor 214 Alemanni people 273 Alexander I, Tsar 31, 33,109,155 Alexander II, Tsar 18, 29, 31, 32 Alexander III, Tsar 59 Alexandra, Empress (wife of Nicholas I) 30 Alexei II, Patriarch of Moscow 40 Alfred the Great 119 Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (German Workers’ Association) 177 Almásy, László 240, 241 Altinum (Roman city) 297, 299, 311 Alzheimer, Alois 171 amber as a special gift of God 118 as a symbol of hope 7 as a symbol of liberation 128 beachcombing for 58, 61, 6z, 66, 67, 80 cycle route 8, 238, 306 deposits of 2-4 electrostatic properties of 1,2 healing powers of 3 Imperial collection of 206 international trade in 3,4, 35, 52, 60, 64,121-23,133,161,195, 209, 237, 258, 289, 300 Mesolithic use of 124,133,151 names for 7, 8 Neolithic use of 48, 62, 64, 73, 89, 124,141 origins of 2, 3, 28, 308 theft of 42 world’s longest string of (Liepaja) 61 Amber Bay 72, 73 Amber Coast 57,95,115,128
332 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Amber, Lords of — see Teutonic Knights Amber Room 14,18,20-25, 27,71, 90,98,99,142, 206 Amber Train 109 Amberif trade show, Gdańsk 129 Ammianus Marcellinus (historian) 22é, 246, 273 Amnesty International 41 Andrich, Lucio 315-17 Andrich, Paolo 315-17, 319 Andropov, Yuri 14 Anna Ioannovna, Empress 71 Anna О — see Pappenheim Antonine Itinerary 226 Antoninus Pius, Emperor 209, 261 Aquileia 5, 226, 237, 258, 271, 276, 280, 283-91, 293-95, 299, 318 amber trade 290, 293 National Archaeological Museum 288, 290 Roman mosaic 285, 286 Arius, Bishop 286 286 Asch, Bettina 120 Asch, Jenny (née Bauer) 163,175 Asch, Sigismund 163,165,175,184, 212 Ashkenazi Jews 303 Ashmolean Museum, Oxford 1, 271 Ataulf (Visigoth) 295 Attila the Hun 7, 273, 278, 288, 294, 297 Augustus, Emperor 271, 276, 292, 293 Auschwitz 176, 231, 247, 284 Austro-Prussian War (1866) 163 Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 225,227 Carnuntum Museum 227 Baker, Capt Joseph 57 Baltiysk 109, no Bamiyan, Buddhas of 139 Bassano del Grappa 307 Báthory, Countess Elizabeth 238 Batthyány, Count Adam 241, 248 Bauer, Alfred 120 Bauer, Albert 162,163,166,168, i77 178 Bauer, Fanny (née Adler) 163,177, 178 Bauer, Otto 202 Bauer, Wilhelm (brother of Albert) 162 Bauer, Wilhelm (son of Albert) 163 Becker, Moritz 73 Berent — see Kościerzyna Bergau, Martin 105 Berger-Almásy, Alex and Andrea 240-43 Berlin Wall 234 Bernstein (f. Borostyánkő) 239, 240 Berti, Dr Eleanora 8 Bezalel, Judah Loew ben 196 Biskupin 138,150-52,156, iéi, 318 Blumenthal, Nathan 158 Boii people 22è, 228 Bolesław the Pious, Duke 155 Bolsheviks 3è, 60 Bourbon-
Palma, Zita von 220, 221 Brahms, Johannes 170 Braidotti, Elena 291-94 Brandenburg Gate, Berlin 16γ Braniewo (f. Braunsberg) né Braun, Georg 122,123, 207, 301 Břeclav (f. Lundenburg) 199 Brezhnev, Leonid 14 Breslau - see Wrocław Breslau Synod (184è) ié8 Breslau, University of 171,173 Breuer, Josef 2ié, 217
INDEX Brezhnev, Leonid 14,16,17, 88, 89 Brodsky, Joseph no, 302, 309 Browning, Robert 319, 320 Brücke, Die 77 Bruckneudorf 227 Brüster Ort 104 Buchenwald concentration camp 231 Bunsen, Robert 171 búrja (wind) 279-81 Bystrzyca Kłodzka 185 Bytow (f. Bütow) 126 Byzantines 289 Cantacuzino, Balasa 203 Capistrano, John of 167 Caracalla, Emperor 259, 302 Carmont, Lady Barbara 143 Carnuntum 5, 225-27, 236, 318 Catherine Palace 14,18 Catherine the Great, Empress 20, 22, 25, 41 Catherine I, Empress 19 Ceausescu, Nicolae 292 Celeia (Roman town, see also Celje) 259, 260 Celje (Slovenia) 252, 258, 259 Celje Ceiling 259 Counts of 259 Princely Palace 258 Charles I 56 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor — see Karl VI Chernyakhovsk (f. Insterburg) 10Ճ Chernyakhovsky, Marshal Ivan 91, 92,107 Chernyenko, Konstantin 14 Chernyshevskoye (f. Eydtkuhnen) 107 Chromatius, Archbishop of Aquileia 286 Chrysolith serpentine 242 333 Claudius, Emperor 244, 292 Claustra Alpium Iuliarum (Barrier of the Julian Alps) 273 Clive-Bailey, A.M.C. 32 Cohn, Ferdinand 176 Cohn, Sara 126 Cohn, Willy 108,180 Comb Ware Culture 35 Comenius, J.A. 194 Conrad of Masovia, Duke 145 Constans, Emperor 288 Constantine I, Emperor 285, 288, 291, 292 Constantine II, Emperor 288 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Byzantine Emperor 311 Constantius II, Emperor 225, 278, 288, 295 Conwentz, Hugo Wilhelm 121 Copernicus, Nicolaus 117,118,148 Copernicus Tower, Frombork 117 Cosmas of Prague 185,188 Council of Europe 8, 41 Council of People’s Commissars 98 Council of Ten, Venice 303 Courland and Semigallia, Duchy of 56, 57, 60 annexed by Russia 57
invaded by Sweden 56 Curonian Lagoon 68,109 Curonian Spit 64, 68,71,74,75, 84, 115 major migratory route for birds 83 Danzig — see Gdańsk Déchelette, Josef 270 Decree of Toleration (1781) 196 Deutschkreutz 237 Diocletian, Emperor 277, 291, 295 Dollfuss, Engelbert 202
334 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Domitian, Emperor 246 Dönhoff, Countess Marion 90,92, 100,101 Dönniges, Héléne von 176 Dorsoduro 299, 300 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor 13,14,107 Dubravius, Jan (Bishop of Olomouc) 194 Dürer, Albrecht 206 Ebert, Filip 60 Ehrlich, Paul 171 Eisenstadt (f. Kismarton) 229-31 Burgenland State Museum 230 Esterházy Palace 230 Elagabalus, Emperor 290 Elbling 96,116,120 Elbląg né, 119,134 Museum of Archaeology and History 120 Elizabeth, Empress 19-21, 69, in Emona (Roman town, see also Ljubljana) 263, 265, 271, 276 Engels, Friedrich 176,177 English Civil War 5 6 Epha, Franz 82 Ermland - see Warmia Esterházy, court of 230 Estländische Literarische Gesellschaft 43 Estonian independence recognised 42 ethnic cleansing 92,14è Eugen, Archduke of Austria 210 Evans, Sir Arthur 1 Fantuzzi, Giacomo 123 Faustina, Empress 133 Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 188, 206 Fermor, Patrick Leigh 203 Feuchtwangen, Siegfried von 140 Fidesz Party (Hungary) 234, 319 Finland, Russian Annexation of 31 First World War 4,12, 60, 69,120, 131,178, 220, 228, 282, 284 Flisar, Evald 267, 268 Fondazione Aquileia 289 Forest Brothers 46, 47 Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (later Francis I of Austria) 206 Franco-Prussian War 72,101 Frankfurt Synod (1845) 168 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 188, 220 Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria 188, 208, 219, 220, 227, 240 Frederick the Great 140,184 Freedom Party (Austria) 214 Freikorps 179 Freud, Julius 192 Freud, Sigmund 77,192, 204, 207, 215-16 Freytag Berndt maps 5 Friedrich I, King of Prussia 88 Friedrich Wilhelm I, Elector of Prussia 22 Friedrich III, Elector of
Prussia 21, 22, 88 Frombork (f. Frauenberg) 116,117,148 Fröse, Dorothea and Fritz 77 Fröse, Johann Michael 78 Gaius Spectatius Finitus 260 Gaius Spectatius Prisciaiius 260 Gaius Spectatius Secundinus 261 Gaius Vindonius Successus 260 Galla Piacidia 295 Galuppi, Baldassare 319, 320 Gautier, Théophile 20 Gdańsk (f. Danzig) 8, 60,134 Amber Museum 124
INDEX Archaeological Museum 132. Lenin Shipyard 127 Old Town 124 Town Hall 123 West Prussian Provincial Museum 120 Geiger, Abraham 158,163,167,168, 180 Gentileschi, Artemesia 300 Gentileschi, Orazio 300 Georg Ots Academy, Tallinn 53 German Workers’ Association — see Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein Gierlowska, Gabriela 124 Glückei of Hameln 122,123,217, 305 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 43 Goldoni, Carlo 303, 319 Goldschmidt, Jozef 305 Goldschmidt, Wilhelm 217 Golem, The (Prague) 196 Gorbachev, Mikhail 233 Göring, Hermann 79 Gorizia 283, 284 Goths 103,121, 279, 286, 288, 289, z95 313 Göttingen, University of 73 Graetz, Heinrich 147,159,176 Grass, Günter 124, 214 Great Northern War 31, 37, 50, 60, 63 Grosse Dirschkeim 96 Grunovii, Simonis 95,96 Grunwald, Battle of 149 guilds 125 Gustavus Vasa, King of Sweden 31 Gvardeysk (f. Tapiau) 106 Haapsalu (f. Gapsal) 47-51 Haber, Fritz 171,172,176 335 Haber-Bosch Process 171 Habsburg Empire 7,186, 204, 218, 228, 231, 253, 264 Hadrian, Emperor 133,246,251 Hakluyt, Richard 122 Halley, Edmond 269 Hallstadt culture 270 Hanseatic League 37, 52, 54, 68, 119,146 Harrington, William 56, 57 Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène 208 Haydn, Franz Joseph 227, 230 Heine, Heinrich 168 Helsinki 30-35 National Museum 34 Hemingway, Ernest 312 Herzog, Werner 238 Hitchens, Christopher and Peter 158 Hitler, Adolf 7,16,20, 34, 60, 69, 90,92,167, 215, 231 Hoffmann, E.T.A. 87, 317 Hoffmanstahl, Hugo von 203 Hogenberg, Franz 122,123, 207, 301 Hohenau-an-der-March 200 Hohenzollern, Albrecht von 140 Hohenzollern, Dorothea-Sybilla, Duchess of Brzeg 142
Hohenzollern, Johan Georg von, Duke of Prussia 142 Holocaust 69,196, 212, 213 Honecker, Erich 233, 234 Honigmann, Anna 163,174,177, 178 Honigmann, David 147,156,158, 159» 163,165.170,174,176-78, 180 Honigmann, Elise 171 Honigmann, Franz 171,178,181 Honigmann, Georg 15,16
336 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Honigmann, Loebel Schaje 158 Honorius, Emperor 295 Hoxha, Enver 292 Hranice na Moravě (f. Mährisch Weisskirchen) 191,192,198 Hranice Chasm 192,193 Hrušica Roman fort 273,275-77, 288 Humboldt, Wilhelm von 72 Humperdinck, Engelbert 77 Hungarian Uprising (1956) 14, 47, 250 Huns 253, 263, 288, 299, 3x1 Hussain, Saddam 292 Hussites 167 Immerwahr, Clara 171,176 Imperial Edict of Toleration (1713) 167 International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN) 269 Iron Curtain 6, 7,15,93,195, 233, 319 Isis, Temple of 246 Jacobs, Michael 203 Jadwiga, Queen of Poland 148, 149 Jaenicke, Karl 120 Jaenicke, Wolfgang 120 James, Henry 4, 302, 309 Jehovah’s Witnesses 186 Jencks, Charles 297 Jeroschin, Nicolaus von 139,145 Jewish girls, trafficking of 45, 217 Jewish Institute for the Blind 211 Jews leaving Breslau 179,180 mass killing of 60, 61, 69,104, 105,108,135,153,154,159, 167,181,196, 212, 2x4, 235 to concentration camps 61,108, 181, 212, 247, 284 Jogalia or Jogailo, ruler of Lithuania (later Władisław Jagiełło) 148, 149 John XXIII, Pope 287 John Paul II, Pope 176 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 254 Joyce, James 32,244 Jüdischer Frauenbund (League of Jewish Women) 217 Julian Alps 253,272 Barrier of the (Claustra Alpium Iuliarum) 273 Julian the Apostate 288 Julianus (supervisor of Roman Games) 3 Julius Caesar 188 Jung, Moritz 198 Jungingen, Ulrich von 149 Juodkrantė (f. Schwarzort) 72, 73 Treasure 73, 89,99 Jurkalne (f. Feliksberg) 57 Kafka, Franz 129,192 Kaiserwald concentration camp 61 Kalinin, Mikhail 86 Kaliningrad (f. Königsberg, Królewiec, Karaliaučius) 19, 24, 70,
85,95 Amber Museum 89 Cathedral 88,101 Fort Stein 101 Friedland Gate Museum 120 Knights’ Hall 99 siege of 91 taken by Russia 91,92 Kalischer, Zvi Hirsch 146,147 Kalisz 138,155,156
INDEX Kalisz Statute 155 Kant, Immanuel 87, 89, 90 Kapuzinergruft 218, 220, 221 Käräjämäki 35 Karkle (f. Karkelbeck) 66 Karl (or Charles) VI, Holy Roman Emperor 219, 220 Karvaiciai (f. Karwaiten) 75 Kaunas 104,107 Kempen 174 Kępno (f. Kempen) 156-60,174 Kettler, Gotthard 56 Kettler, Jacob 56, 60 KGB 14,23,47,55 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 305 King’s Lynn 52 Kirsteins, Aleksandr 54 Klaipėda (f. Memel) 29, 65, 68-70, 72- Monument to the United Lithuania 70 Klebs, Prof Richard 73 Kłodzko (f. Glatz) 182-85, Σ95 255 Knights Hospitallers 139 Knights Templar 139 Kniprode, Winrich von 140 Kohlmann, Litzi 15, 202 Koljaicek, Anna 129 Konin 138,152-55 Königsberg, University of 73 Kościerzyna (f. Berent) 126,127, 131,132 Kristallnacht 152,169, 211 Krenz, Egon 233, 234 Kuchumov, Anatoly 20, 23,99 Rupšytė, Ramunė 307-09 Kurowski, Alexander 154 La Tene culture 194, 236, 271 Łagiewski, Maciej 175,177,181 337 Lake Boryzstan 250 Lake Družno 122 Lake Fertő (or Neusiedler See) 228, 231, 232 Lake Ladoga 13,34 LakeLanskie 133 Lake Liepaja 62 Lake Tschaika 83 Langhans, Carl Ferdinand 166 Langhans, Carl Gotthard 166,167 Lanišče Roman fort 275 Lasch, General Otto 90, 92 Lassalle, Ferdinand 176,177 Law and Justice Party (Poland Prawo I Sprawiedliwość) 319 League of German Housewives 163 League of Jewish Women - see Jüdischer Frauenbund Leithagebirge 228, 229, 232 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 16,104 Leningrad, siege of 13, 20 Leopold I, Emperor of Austria 170 Leslie, Walter 256 Levi, Cesare Augusto 312, 313 Liepaja (f. Libau, Livs) 29, 56-62 Liszt, Franz 238 Lithuania, Grand Duchy of 65 Lithuanian Soviet Socialist
Republic 70 Livonian Confederation 50 Livonian Order 48, 56 Ljubljana (f. Laibach) 250, 253, 263-73, 2-94 Dragon Bridge 264 National Museum 277 Old Town 263 Lloyd’s of London 49, 71 Logatec 273, 274 Longaticum Roman town 274 Louis I, King of Poland 148
33 8 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Lueger, Karl 207, 214 Luise, Queen of Prussia 76,109 Lusatian culture 161 Lvov Ossolineum 173 Magdaleńska Gora 270 Mahler, Gustav 187, 203, 203 Malbork (f. Marienburg) 138,144, 148 Amber Museum 141,142 Cathedral of St Mary 138 Malé Hradisko 193 Mamluks 139 Mandelstam, Osip 44 Mann, Thomas 78, 79, 81,180 Marcomanni people 211, 226 Marcus Aurelius, Emperor 5, 209, 226 Marcus Aurelius Romanus (legionary) 245 Maria Theresia, Empress 219 Marie, Duchess of MecklenburgSchwerin 270 Marie-Louise of Austria (Duchess of Palma, wife of Napoleon) 301 Marx, Karl 176 Masovia, Duke Konrad of 145 Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor 206 Mauthausen concentration camp 284 Maximian, Emperor 291 Maximilian, Archduke 210, 220 Maximinus I, Emperor (the Thracian) 288 Mayerne, Theodore de 300 Mehmet IV, Sultan 255 Melno, Treaty of 65, 66 Memelland 64-66,69-71, 73, 74, 81, 82 Mendelssohn, Moses 158 Menshikov, Alexander 15, 22 Merkel, Angela 234 Merovingian people 35 Messalina (wife of Claudius) 292 Mestre 297, 313 Migration Era 209, 299 Mikulov (f. Nikolsburg) 195-99, 2-55 Svaty Kopeček (Holy Hill) 197 Mithras, cult of 211,236, 247, Z55S7, 2-59 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 43,107 Montelius, Oscar 5 Moravian Gate 186 Morgenstern, Lina 163,177 Morgenstern, Theodor 163,169, 177 Morris, Jan 302 Morskoye (f. Pillkoppen) 77, 82 Moscow 28,95 Conference (1943) 214 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 43, 167, 207,210,212,220 Münster, Sebastian 118, 288 Murano glass 294, 310 Murdoch, Iris 267 Musil, Robert 192,193, 205 Mussolini, Alessandra 283 Mussolini, Benito 284 Nagliai Reserve 74 Napoleon, Emperor
206-08, 2x0, 220, 299, 301, 318 as King of Italy 207 capturing Venice 306 dissolving Holy Roman Empire 206, 210 signing Treaty of Tilsit 109 Napoleonic Wars 57,153
339 INDEX Narodnaya Volya (People’s Will) 18 National Alliance (Italy) 283 Navarro, J.M. de 4,7,138,173 Nazism 6, 26, 79,151-53,162,164, 172,179,190, 213, 217 Németh, Miklós 233 Nero, Emperor 3, 5,128 Neusiedler See (or Lake Fertő) 228, 231, 232 Nevsky, Alexander 40 Newhouse, Irene 6,127 Nicholas I, Tsar 49 Nicholas II, Tsar 33 Nick, Dagmar 177 Nida (f. Nidden) 75-80 No Big Ships group 307 Northern League (Italy - Lega Nord) 319 Nova Gorica 280, 281 Novo Mesto 270 Nylands Yacht Club, Helsinki 36 Olomouc (f. Olmütz) 184-90, 195-99 Café Mahler 187 Jewish Cemetery 197 Moravian Theatre 187 St Wenceslas Cathedral 189 Olsztyn 117,124 Olympic Games 37, 286 Ondaatje, Michael 240, 243 Orange Revolution (Ukraine) 103 Orbán, Viktor 234, 249, 319 Order of St Mary of the Germans 139 Ösel-Wiek, Bishopric of 50 Osterna, Poppo von 68 Österreichische Bernsteinstraße 200 Ottoman Empire 7,208,229,247, 255, 306 Owen, Wilfred 287 Oxford University 1, 271, 322 Palanga 62-65,74 Amber Museum 62-64,74 amber production 63 centre for smuggling 63 Palladio, Andrea 307 Pan-European Picnic 233, 234 Pappenheim, Bertha (Anna O) 216, 2Ī7 Pärnu 52, 53 Partynice (f. Hartlieb) 172,182 Passion Plays 231 Peer, Josefine 193 PEN Writers for Peace 268 Penny Unions 163 people trafficking 45, 217, 233, 234, 253,283 People’s Will — see Narodnaya Volya Pepys, Samuel 56, 57 Peter the Great, Tsar 15,19, 21, 22, 27, no Peter III, Tsar 69 Peutinger Table 277 Pfennig-Verein (Penny Union) 163 Philby, Kim 15, 47, 202 Plečnik, Joze 265 Poland First Partition of (1772) 117 German invasion of (1939) 154 Second Partition of
(1793) 152,156 Third Partition of (1795) 63,152 Polish Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology 121 Poor Clares, Order of 190 Potsdam Conference (1945) 86,183 Pound, Ezra 309,317 Prešeren, France 258, 266 Prussia, Dukes of 63
340 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Prussian State Agency for Natural Monument Care 121 Przeworsk culture 161 Ptolemy, Claudius 118,152,155 Ptuj (Slovenia) 253-57, 293 Orpheus Monument 254,257 Purbach (f. Fekete Város) 228, 249 Pushkin (town) 19 Putin, Vladimir 20, 24 Putrih, Karel 266 Quadi people 211, 226, 246 Quarto d’Altino 297 Queen Luise Bridge, Sovetsk 109 Quintus Ennius Liberális 260 Raab, Julius 214 Racowitza, Count Janko von 176 Radziejowski’s Tower 116 Ragged Guards 235 Ransome, Arthur 36, 38, 41, 47, 50 Rapallo, Treaty of (1920) 279 Rebane, Alfons 46,47 Red Army 26, 46, 91,93,144,164 Reform Judaism 147,158,167 Rėza, Liudvikas (Ludwig Rhese) 75 Rhaue, Hans 124 Richmond, Theo 155 Riga 29, 55, 60-62 Bay of 48 National Museum 62 Rigby, Elizabeth 12 Riigikogu (Estonian parliament) 41, 47 Rijeka (f. Tarsatica) 273 Rilke, Rainer Maria 192 River Bečva 191,192 River Danube 5,115,186,188, 204, 225, 278 River Djye (Thaya) 198,199 River Drava 253 River Dvina 54 River Dzierzgoń (Sorge) 121 River Elbling 119 River Hubelj 279 River Isonzo 278,284 River Kłodzko 185 River Ljubljanica 263,265, 272, 278 River Morava (March) 5,186,188, 189,194, 200 River Motława 132 River Nemunas (Memel) 68,109 River Neisse (Nyasa) 115,183 River Neva 15,16,22,27 River Nógat 140,143 River Odra (Oder) 5,115,138,161, 162,186 River Oława 161 River Pavlovski 253 River Pesnica 253 River Piave 316 River Po 26 River Pregolya 88, 89 River Prosną 155 River Rába 248 River Rhine 115 River Saka 58 River Sava 253,262, 278 River Savinja 260, 262 River Scinawka 185 River Šlqza 161,182 River Šventoji 63 River Timavo
(karstie) 289 River Vipava 278, 279 River Vistula 5,91,115,138,144 186 River Warta 152,153,155 River Widawa 161 River Zal 250, 251 robinia (false acacia) 247
INDEX Rohde, Alfred 99,128 Rot-Schwarz Allianz 229 Roth, Joseph 204, 216, 218, 220 Royal Geographical Society, London 4 Royal Society, London 269 Rozhestvensky, Admiral Zinovy 40 Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor 264 Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor 206 Ruskin, John 298, 316, 318 Russian Academy of Sciences 83 Russian Revolution (1905) 17, 33 Russian Revolution (1917) 33, 36 Rust (town) 231 Rust, Bernhard 173 Rybachy (f. Rossitten) 83 Biological Station 83 Rzucewo culture 141 Saaremaa 51 Saarinen, Eliel 34, 38 Säckler Library, Oxford 172 St Ambrose 286 St Donà di Piave 297 St Fosca 303, 311, 314 St Francis of Assisi 282 St Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of 228, 235 St Gertrude 278 St Jerome 294 St John Nepomuk 192 St John of Capistrano 167 St Margarethen 231, 232 St Marijos-Juru 63 St Martin of Tours 245, 275 St Martin’s Way 275 St Pavel 274 St Petersburg {see also Leningrad) 11-29, 33, 48 З41 Academy of Sciences 28 Church of the Saviour on Spilled Blood 18 Hermitage 25, 26 Kazan Cathedral 17 Mikhailovsky Palace 28 Moskovský station 12,19 museums 16, 28 Nevsky Prospekt 17,18, 28 Summer Palace 22 ‘Venice of the North’ 15 Winter Palace 22, 25, 27 Salla (Roman town, see also Zalalövő) 251 Salza, Hermann von 140 San Giovanni di Duino 289 Santa Maria della Consolazione, Venice 298 Santiago de Compostela 8 Sartori, Egida 316,320 Saunders, Fernando 189, 272 Savaria (Roman town, see also Szombathely) 244, 245 Scarbantia (Roman town, see also Sopron) 235-37 Schauberger, Johann Georg 188 Scheffler, Friedrich Wilhelm 157 Scheffler, Karl Friedrich 157 Schlüter, Andreas 21,22 Schnitzler, Arthur 203,
215 Schoenberg, Arnold 203,215 Schüler, Adolf 126,129,130,174, 180,181 Schüler, Alfred 170,182 Schüler, Cäcilie (later Adler) 130, 174 Schüler, Frieda 130 Schumann, Julius 74 Schwahn, Christian 128 Schwarzort Treasure 73
342 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Second German Empire 128 Second World War 14,19, 88,120, 123,128,139,146, 201 Seger, Professor Hans 173 Šempeter Roman cemetery 259 Sentia Secunda 294 Sephardic Jews 304 Seven Years War 68 Shaw, George Bernard 4 shipwrecks 48, 49, 71 Shostakovich, Dmitri 55 Silk Road 4 skype, invention of in Tallinn 39 Slovenian Writers’ Association 267 Social Democratic Party (Germany) 176, i77 202 Solidarity movement (Solidarność) 8,127,128,162 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 65 Sophie Charlotte, Electress of Prussia 21 Sopot 116,133 Sopot International Song Festival 126,128 Sopron (f. Oden burg, see also Scarbantia) 2.35-39, 2.93 Fabricius House 235 Sovetsk 109 Spanish Civil War 180 Spitz, Baruch 170-74,178 Spitz, Elise 178,180,181 Spitz, Hannah 174 Staatliche Bernstein Manufaktur 89, 125 Stalin, Joseph 7,16,17, 34, 61,91, 125 Stanisław August Poniatowski, King of Poland 143 Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland 142 Ständen, Wilhelm 73 Stantien und Becker 73,128, 209 Starć Czarnowo cemetery 144 Staré Hradisko 193 Šteger, Aleš 266 Stein, Edith 176 Strabo 272,289 Stroheim, Erich von 192 Strugatsky, Arkady and Boris 44 Strzelce Krajeńskie 124 Stutthof concentration camp 104, 135 Sudety Mountains 182,186 Sun Stone 64 Svetlogorsk (f. Rauschen) 104 Szczecin (f. Stettin) Szombathely (see also Savaria) 244, 245, 247 Cathedral 245 Savaria Museum 244, 245 Temple of Isis 246 Tallinn 35-47, 53 Nevsky Cathedral 40 Old Town 36, 37,42 Raekoja (Town Hall) 37 Song Festival 42 Toompea 38,40 Tannenberg, Battle of 149 Tarkovsky, Andrei 43, 44,103 Tarkovsky, Arseny 44 Tartar, HMS 57
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 49, 52, 54 Ten Days War (Slovenia) 266 Teutonic Knights 37, 38, 60,63, 68, 77, 82, 86, 88,98,119,132, 138-40,144,145,152, 201, 300 at war with Lithuania 65 Battle of Grunwald 149 building mills 89
INDEX controlling Danzig 123 controlling Warmia 117 Lords of Amber 66 loss of West Prussia 125,149 monopoly of amber trade 43,128 in Venice 300 in Vienna 210 strongholds 116 Thales of Miletus 2 Theodore, Archbishop of Aquileia 285 Theodoric, King of Italy 121 Theodosius, Emperor 277-79 Theresienstadt concentration camp 231 Thienemann, Johannes 83 Third Partition of Poland (1795) 63 Thirteen Years War 117 Thirty Years War 162 Thorn, Peace of 149 Tiberius, Emperor 226, 271 Tilsit, Treaty of 109 Tiškevičius, Felix 63 Tiškevičius, Count Mykolas 63 Tito, Marshal Josip Broz 280 Tiussi, Cristiano 289-91, 294 Torcello 310-17 Museum 312, 313 Santa Fosca church 311, 314, 315 Santa Maria Assunta cathedral З11։ З14 Torelli, Luigi 312 Toruń (f. Thorn) 138,144,146,147 Church of St John 147 Town Hall 147,148 Trajan, Emperor 253, 302 Treblinka concentration camp 189, 231 Tromiasto (Tri-City) — see Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot 343 Trotsky, Leon 36 Trubar, Primož 266 Tsarskoye Selo (f. Saarskaya Myaza) 14,19, 20, 22, 99 Tsushima, Battle of (1905) 49 Tsvetayeva, Marina 44 Tumski Island, Wroclaw 161 Turk, Dr Peter 271 Turku 31 Tweedie, Mrs Alec 32 UNESCO World Heritage Site status 72 Uniradzc 134 Urbańczyk, Przemysław 121 Valens, Emperor 286 Valentinian I, Emperor 24è Valentinian III, Emperor 295 Valvasor, Janez Vajkard 269, 276, 278 Vandals 7,161 Vasilievsky, Marshal Alexsandr 91 Velleius Paterculus (historian) 226 Velvet Revohition (1989) 192 Venice 298-320 Archaeological Museum 300 Doge’s Palace 299 Ghetto 303, 305, 306 Jewish Museum 305 Piazza San Marco 298-301 Rialto 298, 311 San Giorgio
Maggiore 33 San Michele Cimiterio 309 synagogues 304 Ventspils (f. Windau) 56 Versailles, Treaty of 69,119,120, 128,132,178,183 Vespasian, Emperor 246, 302 Via Baltica 53
ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE 344 Via Gemina 5, 276 Vienna (Wien) 202-19 café society 203-05 centre of Jewish scholarship 214 Church of St Mary of the Angels 219 City Temple synagogue 211 Hofburg Palace 208 Kunsthistorisches Museum 207, 208 Ottoman sieges of 208 St Stephen’s Cathedral 209 Vienna, Congress of 153 Vilnius 29 Vindobona 204 Visigoths 279 Vistula Lagoon no, 115 Vistula Spit 134 Vogelsang Castle 145,146 Vogelwarte Rossitten 83 Vrhnika 273, 274 Waffen SS 46,151 Waldheim, Kurt 214 Walesa, Lech 125 Wallenstein, Albrecht von 256 War of St Sabas 300 Warmia, Duchy of (Ermland) 117 Warsaw, Duchy of 153 Weber, Carl Maria von 167 Weizmann, Chaim 172 Wertheimer, Samson 230, 231 West Estonian Archipelago 48-53 ships wrecked off Saaremaa 48, 49 Whiteread, Rachel 212, 213 Wielowiejski, Jerzy 138,173 Wiesenthal, Simon 213 Wilhelm I, Kaiser 140 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 271 Władisław Jagiełło, King of Poland 149 Wolf, Hugo 203 Wolfram, Gottfried 21, 22 Wollstonecraft, Mary 217 Woolson, Constance Fenimore 310 World Amber Council 129 World Amber Hunting Championships 134 Wotton, Sir Henry 305 Wrocław (f. Breslau, Vretslav) 5, 138,157-59,161-66 Jewish cemetery 175 New Synagogue 169 Old Town 164 Opera House 166 Rynek 164-66 Stork Synagogue 169 Town Hall 165 University 169,173 Wulfstan 119,122 Yantarny (f. Palmnicken) 73,93-96, 104 Yugoslav People’s Army 266 Yushchenko, Viktor 103 Zalalövő (see also Salla) 250,251 Zell, Heinrich 118 Zernebach, Johann Georg 125 Žižek, Slavoj 266, 267 Zimmerman, Julius Heinrich 87 Zola, Emile 180 Zoroastrianism 256 Zuckmayer, Karl 77 Zweig, Stefan 12,180 Zygmunt II
Vasa, King of Poland 123 Zyklon В, discovery of 172 Ssyedscbs1
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CONTENTS Introduction: Flies in Amber PART I: The Amber Coast - St Petersburg to Kaliningrad i: The Mystery of the Amber Room 2: Crossing the Gulf 3: Exiles in their Own Land 4: Shifting Sands 5: Back in the USSR i n 30 48 68 85 PART II: Ancestral Voices — Gdańsk to Vienna 6: The Delta and the Lagoon 7: Slav and Teuton 8: Island City 9: The Moravian Gate 10: Mozart’s Requiem 115 138 161 i8z 202 PART III: Fortress Europe — Carnuntum to Venice 11: Borderlands 12: Old Gods 13: By the Dragon Bridge 14: A Haven Blessed 15: Waterlogged 225 244 263 282 297 Acknowledgements Bibliography Index 321 323 331
BIBLIOGRAPHY The greatest part of a writer’s time is spent in reading, in order to write: a man will turn over half a library to make one book. Samuel Johnson Allan, Charles, ‘Amber Route’. In Northrup, Cynthia (ed.), World Trade: A Historical Encyclopedia of Economics, Politics, Society and Culture, Voi. 1. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2005. Ammianus Marcellinus, The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354—378), trans. Walter Hamilton. London: Penguin, 1986. Andrée, Karl, Bernstein und seine Bedeutung. Königsberg: Gräfe und Unzer, 1937. Barnavi, Eli, (ed.), A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People. London: Kuperard, 1994. Bastéa, Eleni (ed.), Memory and Architecture. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004. Beck, Curt W., Bouzek, Jan Dreslerova, Dagmar, Amber in Archaeology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference: Liblice 1990. Prague: Institute of Archaeology, 1993. Bliujien, Audron, Northern Gold: Amber in Lithuania. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
324 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Borchers, Roland, Berent: Ein Landkreis in Westpreußen. Hude: Schadrau Verlag, [1998]. Calvi, Maria Carina, Aquileia: Le Ambre Romane. Aquileia: Associazione Nazionale per Aquileia, 2005. Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, Letters, trans. Thomas Hodgkin. London: Henry Frowde, 1886. Čižmárova, Jana, ‘Bernstein auf dem keltischen Oppidum Staré Hradisko in Mähren’. Arbeolški vestnik 47,1996. Clark, Christopher M., Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1945. London: Allen Lane, 2006. Clark, Neil, Amber: Tears of the Gods. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, 2010. Clark, Peter B., The Death of East Prussia: War and Revenge in Germany’s Easternmost Province. Chevy Chase, MD: Andover Press, 2013. Cohn, Willy, No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941, ed. Norbert Conrads, trans. Kenneth Kronenberg. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012. Conwentz, H. W., Die Moorbrücken im Thal der Sorge auf der Grenze zwischen Westpreußen und Ostpreußen. Danzig: T. Bertling, 1897. Coryat, Thomas, Coryat’s Crudities: Hastily Gobled up in Five Moneths Travells. Glasgow: James MacLehose Sons, 1905. Cosmas of Prague, The Chronicle of the Czechs, trans. Lucy Wolverton. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2009. Davies, Norman, God’s Playground: A History of Poland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 32.5 Davies, Norman Moorhouse, Roger, Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City. London: Jonathan Cape, 2002. Diaz-Andreu, Margarita Champion, Timothy (eds), Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. London: UCL Press, 1996. Długosz, Jan, The Annals of Jan Długosz: A History of Eastern Europe from ad 965 to ad 1480, trans. Maurice Michael. Chichester: IMP Publications, 1997. Dönhoff, Marion, Before the Storm: Memories of My Youth in Old Prussia, trans. Jean Steinberg. New York: Knopf, 1990. Freely, John, Celestial Revolutionary: Copernicus, the Man and his Universe. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2014. Freeman, Lucy, The Story of Anna O: The Woman Who Led Freud to Psychoanalysis. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1994. Freud, Sigmund c Breuer, Joseph, Studies in Hysteria, trans. Rachel Bowlby. London: Penguin, 2004. Glückei of Hameln, The Memoirs of Glückei of Hameln, trans. Marvin Lowenthal. New York: Schocken, 1977. Grabowska, Janina, Amber in Polish History. Edinburgh: City of Edinburgh Museums, 1978. Graetz, Heinrich, Tagebuch und Briefe, ed. Michael Reuven. Tübingen: Mohr, 1977. Grempler, Wilhelm, Der Fund von Sackrau. Berlin: Lunitz Verlag, 1887. Grunfeld, Frederic, Prophets Without Honour: Freud, Kafka, Einstein, and Their World. New York: Kodansha, 1996. Guttman, Melinda Given, The Enigma of Anna O: A Biography of Bertha Pappenheim. Wickford, RI: Moyer Bell, 2001.
3Z¿ ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Haffner, Sebastian, The Rise and Fall of Prussia, trans. Ewald Osers. London: Weidenfeld C Nicolson, 1988. Istenie, Janka, Roman Stories from the Crossroads. Ljubljana: Narodni muzej Slovenije, 2015. Joenniemi, Pertti Prawitz, Jan (eds.), Kaliningrad: The European Amber Region. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998. Kershaw, Ian, To Hell and Back: Europe 1914—1949. London: Allen Lane, 2015. Kieser, Egbert, Danziger Bucht 1945: Dokumentation Katastrophe. Esslingen am Neckar: Bechtle, 1978. einer King, Rachel, ‘Whose Amber? Changing Notions of Amber’s Geographical Origin’, in Haug, H., Bushart, M. Lipińska, A. (eds.), Gemeine Artefakte. Zur gemeinschaftsbildenden Funktion von Kunstwerken in den vormodernen Kulturräumen Ostmitteleuropas. Ostblick 2.2014 Kronberger, Michaela (ed.), Vindobona; Roman Vienna. Vienna: Wien Museum, 2009. Laar, Mart, War in the Woods: Estonia’s Struggle for Survival, 1944-1956, trans. Tina Ets. Washington, DC: Howells House, 1992. Łagiewski, Maciej, An Old Jewish Cemetery in Wroclaw. Wroclaw: [nd]. Lehndorff, Hans von, Ostpreußisches Tagebuch. Munich: DTV, 1997. Michaels, Anne, Fugitive Pieces. London: Bloomsbury, 1996. Musil, Robert, Young Törless, trans. Eithne Wilkins Ernst Kaiser. St Albans: Granada Publishing, 1979.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 327 ----- The Man Without Qualities, trans. Eithne Wilkins Շ Ernst Kaiser. (3 vols). London: Pan Books, 1979. Navarro, J. M. de, ‘Prehistoric Routes between Northern Europe and Italy Defined by the Amber Trade.’ Geographical Journal 66: 481-507. 1925. Nick, Dagmar, Jüdisches Wirken in Breslau. Würzburg: W. G. Korn, 1998. ------Eingefangene Schatten: Mein jüdisches Familienbuch. Munich: C. H. Beck, 2015. Nicolaus von Jeroschin, The Chronicle of Prussia, trans. Mary Fischer. Farnham: Ashgate, 2010. Pescheck, Christian, Die Frühwandalische Kultur in Mittelschlesien. Leipzig: C. Kabitzsch, 1939. Piotrowska, Danuta, ‘Biskupin 1933-1996: Archaeology, Politics and Nationalism.’ Archaeologia Polona 35-36, 1997/98, 255-285. Ransome, Arthur, Racundra’s First Cruise. London: Allen, 1923. Rice, Patty C., Amber: The Golden Gem of the Ages. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1980. Richmond, Theo, Konin: A Quest. London: Cape, 1995. Rigby, Elizabeth, Letters from the Shores of the Baltic. London: John Murray, 1846. Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.), The Atlas of the Crusades. London: Guild Publishing, 1990. Roemer, Nils, Jewish Scholarship and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Germany: Between History and Faith. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005.
З2·8 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Scheyer, Ernst, Breslau—so wie es war. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1969. Schreiber, Hermann, The History of Roads from Amber Route to Motorway, trans. Stewart Thomson. London: Barrie Rockliff, 1961. Scott-Clark, Catherine Levy, Adrian, The Amber Room. London: Atlantic Books, 2004. Somers Cocks, Anna, ‘The Coming Death of Venice’. New York Review of Books, 20th June 2013. Spekke, Arnolds, The Ancient Amber Routes and the Geographical Discovery of the Eastern Baltic. Stockholm: Ares, 1957. Stern, Fritz, Five Germanys I Have Known. New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux, 2006. Strakauskaitė, Nijolė, Klaipėda, Curonian Spit, Königsberg: A Guide. Vilnius: R. Paknio leidykla, 2005. Teuber, Alfons, Die Schlesischer Bilderbibel (4th ed.). Munich: Verlag ‘Christ Unterwegs’, 1953. Thum, Gregor, Die fremde Stadt: Breslau 1945. Munich: Siedler, 2003. Tiefenbach, Josef Fertl, Evelyn (eds), Die Bernsteinstraße: Evolution einer Handelsroute. Eisenstadt: Landesmuseum Burgenland, 2008. Turnbull, Stephen, Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (1 ): The Red-Brick Castles of Prussia. Oxford: Osprey, 2003. Tweedie, Mrs Alec, Through Finland in Carts. London: Adam Charles Black, 1897. Weinreich, Max, Hitler’s Professors. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 3*9 Wells, Peter S., ‘The Excavations at Stična in Slovenia by the Duchess of Mecklenburg, 1905-1914’. Journal of Field Archaeology 5(2) (summer, 1978), pp. 215-226. Wielowiejski, Jerzy, Główny szlak bursztynowy w czasach cesarstwa rzymskiego (The main amber route in the time of the Koman Empire). Wroclaw: Ossolineum, 1990. Zweig, Stefan, The World of Yesterday, trans. Anthea Bell. London: Pushkin Press, 2009.
INDEX Note: the entry ‘f.’ in brackets indicates the former or alternative name(s) of the place indexed. Achtermann, Hans 24 Acre (city) 139, 300 Adler, Cäcilie 2.11, 212, 215 Adler, Jakob 177 Adler, Joseph 211 Ajdovščina (f. Aidussina) 278-80 Alaric (Visigoth) 279, 295 Albrecht II, Holy Roman Emperor 214 Alemanni people 273 Alexander I, Tsar 31, 33,109,155 Alexander II, Tsar 18, 29, 31, 32 Alexander III, Tsar 59 Alexandra, Empress (wife of Nicholas I) 30 Alexei II, Patriarch of Moscow 40 Alfred the Great 119 Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (German Workers’ Association) 177 Almásy, László 240, 241 Altinum (Roman city) 297, 299, 311 Alzheimer, Alois 171 amber as a special gift of God 118 as a symbol of hope 7 as a symbol of liberation 128 beachcombing for 58, 61, 6z, 66, 67, 80 cycle route 8, 238, 306 deposits of 2-4 electrostatic properties of 1,2 healing powers of 3 Imperial collection of 206 international trade in 3,4, 35, 52, 60, 64,121-23,133,161,195, 209, 237, 258, 289, 300 Mesolithic use of 124,133,151 names for 7, 8 Neolithic use of 48, 62, 64, 73, 89, 124,141 origins of 2, 3, 28, 308 theft of 42 world’s longest string of (Liepaja) 61 Amber Bay 72, 73 Amber Coast 57,95,115,128
332 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Amber, Lords of — see Teutonic Knights Amber Room 14,18,20-25, 27,71, 90,98,99,142, 206 Amber Train 109 Amberif trade show, Gdańsk 129 Ammianus Marcellinus (historian) 22é, 246, 273 Amnesty International 41 Andrich, Lucio 315-17 Andrich, Paolo 315-17, 319 Andropov, Yuri 14 Anna Ioannovna, Empress 71 Anna О — see Pappenheim Antonine Itinerary 226 Antoninus Pius, Emperor 209, 261 Aquileia 5, 226, 237, 258, 271, 276, 280, 283-91, 293-95, 299, 318 amber trade 290, 293 National Archaeological Museum 288, 290 Roman mosaic 285, 286 Arius, Bishop 286 286 Asch, Bettina 120 Asch, Jenny (née Bauer) 163,175 Asch, Sigismund 163,165,175,184, 212 Ashkenazi Jews 303 Ashmolean Museum, Oxford 1, 271 Ataulf (Visigoth) 295 Attila the Hun 7, 273, 278, 288, 294, 297 Augustus, Emperor 271, 276, 292, 293 Auschwitz 176, 231, 247, 284 Austro-Prussian War (1866) 163 Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 225,227 Carnuntum Museum 227 Baker, Capt Joseph 57 Baltiysk 109, no Bamiyan, Buddhas of 139 Bassano del Grappa 307 Báthory, Countess Elizabeth 238 Batthyány, Count Adam 241, 248 Bauer, Alfred 120 Bauer, Albert 162,163,166,168, i77 178 Bauer, Fanny (née Adler) 163,177, 178 Bauer, Otto 202 Bauer, Wilhelm (brother of Albert) 162 Bauer, Wilhelm (son of Albert) 163 Becker, Moritz 73 Berent — see Kościerzyna Bergau, Martin 105 Berger-Almásy, Alex and Andrea 240-43 Berlin Wall 234 Bernstein (f. Borostyánkő) 239, 240 Berti, Dr Eleanora 8 Bezalel, Judah Loew ben 196 Biskupin 138,150-52,156, iéi, 318 Blumenthal, Nathan 158 Boii people 22è, 228 Bolesław the Pious, Duke 155 Bolsheviks 3è, 60 Bourbon-
Palma, Zita von 220, 221 Brahms, Johannes 170 Braidotti, Elena 291-94 Brandenburg Gate, Berlin 16γ Braniewo (f. Braunsberg) né Braun, Georg 122,123, 207, 301 Břeclav (f. Lundenburg) 199 Brezhnev, Leonid 14 Breslau - see Wrocław Breslau Synod (184è) ié8 Breslau, University of 171,173 Breuer, Josef 2ié, 217
INDEX Brezhnev, Leonid 14,16,17, 88, 89 Brodsky, Joseph no, 302, 309 Browning, Robert 319, 320 Brücke, Die 77 Bruckneudorf 227 Brüster Ort 104 Buchenwald concentration camp 231 Bunsen, Robert 171 búrja (wind) 279-81 Bystrzyca Kłodzka 185 Bytow (f. Bütow) 126 Byzantines 289 Cantacuzino, Balasa 203 Capistrano, John of 167 Caracalla, Emperor 259, 302 Carmont, Lady Barbara 143 Carnuntum 5, 225-27, 236, 318 Catherine Palace 14,18 Catherine the Great, Empress 20, 22, 25, 41 Catherine I, Empress 19 Ceausescu, Nicolae 292 Celeia (Roman town, see also Celje) 259, 260 Celje (Slovenia) 252, 258, 259 Celje Ceiling 259 Counts of 259 Princely Palace 258 Charles I 56 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor — see Karl VI Chernyakhovsk (f. Insterburg) 10Ճ Chernyakhovsky, Marshal Ivan 91, 92,107 Chernyenko, Konstantin 14 Chernyshevskoye (f. Eydtkuhnen) 107 Chromatius, Archbishop of Aquileia 286 Chrysolith serpentine 242 333 Claudius, Emperor 244, 292 Claustra Alpium Iuliarum (Barrier of the Julian Alps) 273 Clive-Bailey, A.M.C. 32 Cohn, Ferdinand 176 Cohn, Sara 126 Cohn, Willy 108,180 Comb Ware Culture 35 Comenius, J.A. 194 Conrad of Masovia, Duke 145 Constans, Emperor 288 Constantine I, Emperor 285, 288, 291, 292 Constantine II, Emperor 288 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Byzantine Emperor 311 Constantius II, Emperor 225, 278, 288, 295 Conwentz, Hugo Wilhelm 121 Copernicus, Nicolaus 117,118,148 Copernicus Tower, Frombork 117 Cosmas of Prague 185,188 Council of Europe 8, 41 Council of People’s Commissars 98 Council of Ten, Venice 303 Courland and Semigallia, Duchy of 56, 57, 60 annexed by Russia 57
invaded by Sweden 56 Curonian Lagoon 68,109 Curonian Spit 64, 68,71,74,75, 84, 115 major migratory route for birds 83 Danzig — see Gdańsk Déchelette, Josef 270 Decree of Toleration (1781) 196 Deutschkreutz 237 Diocletian, Emperor 277, 291, 295 Dollfuss, Engelbert 202
334 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Domitian, Emperor 246 Dönhoff, Countess Marion 90,92, 100,101 Dönniges, Héléne von 176 Dorsoduro 299, 300 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor 13,14,107 Dubravius, Jan (Bishop of Olomouc) 194 Dürer, Albrecht 206 Ebert, Filip 60 Ehrlich, Paul 171 Eisenstadt (f. Kismarton) 229-31 Burgenland State Museum 230 Esterházy Palace 230 Elagabalus, Emperor 290 Elbling 96,116,120 Elbląg né, 119,134 Museum of Archaeology and History 120 Elizabeth, Empress 19-21, 69, in Emona (Roman town, see also Ljubljana) 263, 265, 271, 276 Engels, Friedrich 176,177 English Civil War 5 6 Epha, Franz 82 Ermland - see Warmia Esterházy, court of 230 Estländische Literarische Gesellschaft 43 Estonian independence recognised 42 ethnic cleansing 92,14è Eugen, Archduke of Austria 210 Evans, Sir Arthur 1 Fantuzzi, Giacomo 123 Faustina, Empress 133 Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 188, 206 Fermor, Patrick Leigh 203 Feuchtwangen, Siegfried von 140 Fidesz Party (Hungary) 234, 319 Finland, Russian Annexation of 31 First World War 4,12, 60, 69,120, 131,178, 220, 228, 282, 284 Flisar, Evald 267, 268 Fondazione Aquileia 289 Forest Brothers 46, 47 Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (later Francis I of Austria) 206 Franco-Prussian War 72,101 Frankfurt Synod (1845) 168 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 188, 220 Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria 188, 208, 219, 220, 227, 240 Frederick the Great 140,184 Freedom Party (Austria) 214 Freikorps 179 Freud, Julius 192 Freud, Sigmund 77,192, 204, 207, 215-16 Freytag Berndt maps 5 Friedrich I, King of Prussia 88 Friedrich Wilhelm I, Elector of Prussia 22 Friedrich III, Elector of
Prussia 21, 22, 88 Frombork (f. Frauenberg) 116,117,148 Fröse, Dorothea and Fritz 77 Fröse, Johann Michael 78 Gaius Spectatius Finitus 260 Gaius Spectatius Prisciaiius 260 Gaius Spectatius Secundinus 261 Gaius Vindonius Successus 260 Galla Piacidia 295 Galuppi, Baldassare 319, 320 Gautier, Théophile 20 Gdańsk (f. Danzig) 8, 60,134 Amber Museum 124
INDEX Archaeological Museum 132. Lenin Shipyard 127 Old Town 124 Town Hall 123 West Prussian Provincial Museum 120 Geiger, Abraham 158,163,167,168, 180 Gentileschi, Artemesia 300 Gentileschi, Orazio 300 Georg Ots Academy, Tallinn 53 German Workers’ Association — see Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein Gierlowska, Gabriela 124 Glückei of Hameln 122,123,217, 305 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 43 Goldoni, Carlo 303, 319 Goldschmidt, Jozef 305 Goldschmidt, Wilhelm 217 Golem, The (Prague) 196 Gorbachev, Mikhail 233 Göring, Hermann 79 Gorizia 283, 284 Goths 103,121, 279, 286, 288, 289, z95 313 Göttingen, University of 73 Graetz, Heinrich 147,159,176 Grass, Günter 124, 214 Great Northern War 31, 37, 50, 60, 63 Grosse Dirschkeim 96 Grunovii, Simonis 95,96 Grunwald, Battle of 149 guilds 125 Gustavus Vasa, King of Sweden 31 Gvardeysk (f. Tapiau) 106 Haapsalu (f. Gapsal) 47-51 Haber, Fritz 171,172,176 335 Haber-Bosch Process 171 Habsburg Empire 7,186, 204, 218, 228, 231, 253, 264 Hadrian, Emperor 133,246,251 Hakluyt, Richard 122 Halley, Edmond 269 Hallstadt culture 270 Hanseatic League 37, 52, 54, 68, 119,146 Harrington, William 56, 57 Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène 208 Haydn, Franz Joseph 227, 230 Heine, Heinrich 168 Helsinki 30-35 National Museum 34 Hemingway, Ernest 312 Herzog, Werner 238 Hitchens, Christopher and Peter 158 Hitler, Adolf 7,16,20, 34, 60, 69, 90,92,167, 215, 231 Hoffmann, E.T.A. 87, 317 Hoffmanstahl, Hugo von 203 Hogenberg, Franz 122,123, 207, 301 Hohenau-an-der-March 200 Hohenzollern, Albrecht von 140 Hohenzollern, Dorothea-Sybilla, Duchess of Brzeg 142
Hohenzollern, Johan Georg von, Duke of Prussia 142 Holocaust 69,196, 212, 213 Honecker, Erich 233, 234 Honigmann, Anna 163,174,177, 178 Honigmann, David 147,156,158, 159» 163,165.170,174,176-78, 180 Honigmann, Elise 171 Honigmann, Franz 171,178,181 Honigmann, Georg 15,16
336 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Honigmann, Loebel Schaje 158 Honorius, Emperor 295 Hoxha, Enver 292 Hranice na Moravě (f. Mährisch Weisskirchen) 191,192,198 Hranice Chasm 192,193 Hrušica Roman fort 273,275-77, 288 Humboldt, Wilhelm von 72 Humperdinck, Engelbert 77 Hungarian Uprising (1956) 14, 47, 250 Huns 253, 263, 288, 299, 3x1 Hussain, Saddam 292 Hussites 167 Immerwahr, Clara 171,176 Imperial Edict of Toleration (1713) 167 International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN) 269 Iron Curtain 6, 7,15,93,195, 233, 319 Isis, Temple of 246 Jacobs, Michael 203 Jadwiga, Queen of Poland 148, 149 Jaenicke, Karl 120 Jaenicke, Wolfgang 120 James, Henry 4, 302, 309 Jehovah’s Witnesses 186 Jencks, Charles 297 Jeroschin, Nicolaus von 139,145 Jewish girls, trafficking of 45, 217 Jewish Institute for the Blind 211 Jews leaving Breslau 179,180 mass killing of 60, 61, 69,104, 105,108,135,153,154,159, 167,181,196, 212, 2x4, 235 to concentration camps 61,108, 181, 212, 247, 284 Jogalia or Jogailo, ruler of Lithuania (later Władisław Jagiełło) 148, 149 John XXIII, Pope 287 John Paul II, Pope 176 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 254 Joyce, James 32,244 Jüdischer Frauenbund (League of Jewish Women) 217 Julian Alps 253,272 Barrier of the (Claustra Alpium Iuliarum) 273 Julian the Apostate 288 Julianus (supervisor of Roman Games) 3 Julius Caesar 188 Jung, Moritz 198 Jungingen, Ulrich von 149 Juodkrantė (f. Schwarzort) 72, 73 Treasure 73, 89,99 Jurkalne (f. Feliksberg) 57 Kafka, Franz 129,192 Kaiserwald concentration camp 61 Kalinin, Mikhail 86 Kaliningrad (f. Königsberg, Królewiec, Karaliaučius) 19, 24, 70,
85,95 Amber Museum 89 Cathedral 88,101 Fort Stein 101 Friedland Gate Museum 120 Knights’ Hall 99 siege of 91 taken by Russia 91,92 Kalischer, Zvi Hirsch 146,147 Kalisz 138,155,156
INDEX Kalisz Statute 155 Kant, Immanuel 87, 89, 90 Kapuzinergruft 218, 220, 221 Käräjämäki 35 Karkle (f. Karkelbeck) 66 Karl (or Charles) VI, Holy Roman Emperor 219, 220 Karvaiciai (f. Karwaiten) 75 Kaunas 104,107 Kempen 174 Kępno (f. Kempen) 156-60,174 Kettler, Gotthard 56 Kettler, Jacob 56, 60 KGB 14,23,47,55 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 305 King’s Lynn 52 Kirsteins, Aleksandr 54 Klaipėda (f. Memel) 29, 65, 68-70, 72- Monument to the United Lithuania 70 Klebs, Prof Richard 73 Kłodzko (f. Glatz) 182-85, Σ95 255 Knights Hospitallers 139 Knights Templar 139 Kniprode, Winrich von 140 Kohlmann, Litzi 15, 202 Koljaicek, Anna 129 Konin 138,152-55 Königsberg, University of 73 Kościerzyna (f. Berent) 126,127, 131,132 Kristallnacht 152,169, 211 Krenz, Egon 233, 234 Kuchumov, Anatoly 20, 23,99 Rupšytė, Ramunė 307-09 Kurowski, Alexander 154 La Tene culture 194, 236, 271 Łagiewski, Maciej 175,177,181 337 Lake Boryzstan 250 Lake Družno 122 Lake Fertő (or Neusiedler See) 228, 231, 232 Lake Ladoga 13,34 LakeLanskie 133 Lake Liepaja 62 Lake Tschaika 83 Langhans, Carl Ferdinand 166 Langhans, Carl Gotthard 166,167 Lanišče Roman fort 275 Lasch, General Otto 90, 92 Lassalle, Ferdinand 176,177 Law and Justice Party (Poland Prawo I Sprawiedliwość) 319 League of German Housewives 163 League of Jewish Women - see Jüdischer Frauenbund Leithagebirge 228, 229, 232 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 16,104 Leningrad, siege of 13, 20 Leopold I, Emperor of Austria 170 Leslie, Walter 256 Levi, Cesare Augusto 312, 313 Liepaja (f. Libau, Livs) 29, 56-62 Liszt, Franz 238 Lithuania, Grand Duchy of 65 Lithuanian Soviet Socialist
Republic 70 Livonian Confederation 50 Livonian Order 48, 56 Ljubljana (f. Laibach) 250, 253, 263-73, 2-94 Dragon Bridge 264 National Museum 277 Old Town 263 Lloyd’s of London 49, 71 Logatec 273, 274 Longaticum Roman town 274 Louis I, King of Poland 148
33 8 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Lueger, Karl 207, 214 Luise, Queen of Prussia 76,109 Lusatian culture 161 Lvov Ossolineum 173 Magdaleńska Gora 270 Mahler, Gustav 187, 203, 203 Malbork (f. Marienburg) 138,144, 148 Amber Museum 141,142 Cathedral of St Mary 138 Malé Hradisko 193 Mamluks 139 Mandelstam, Osip 44 Mann, Thomas 78, 79, 81,180 Marcomanni people 211, 226 Marcus Aurelius, Emperor 5, 209, 226 Marcus Aurelius Romanus (legionary) 245 Maria Theresia, Empress 219 Marie, Duchess of MecklenburgSchwerin 270 Marie-Louise of Austria (Duchess of Palma, wife of Napoleon) 301 Marx, Karl 176 Masovia, Duke Konrad of 145 Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor 206 Mauthausen concentration camp 284 Maximian, Emperor 291 Maximilian, Archduke 210, 220 Maximinus I, Emperor (the Thracian) 288 Mayerne, Theodore de 300 Mehmet IV, Sultan 255 Melno, Treaty of 65, 66 Memelland 64-66,69-71, 73, 74, 81, 82 Mendelssohn, Moses 158 Menshikov, Alexander 15, 22 Merkel, Angela 234 Merovingian people 35 Messalina (wife of Claudius) 292 Mestre 297, 313 Migration Era 209, 299 Mikulov (f. Nikolsburg) 195-99, 2-55 Svaty Kopeček (Holy Hill) 197 Mithras, cult of 211,236, 247, Z55S7, 2-59 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 43,107 Montelius, Oscar 5 Moravian Gate 186 Morgenstern, Lina 163,177 Morgenstern, Theodor 163,169, 177 Morris, Jan 302 Morskoye (f. Pillkoppen) 77, 82 Moscow 28,95 Conference (1943) 214 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 43, 167, 207,210,212,220 Münster, Sebastian 118, 288 Murano glass 294, 310 Murdoch, Iris 267 Musil, Robert 192,193, 205 Mussolini, Alessandra 283 Mussolini, Benito 284 Nagliai Reserve 74 Napoleon, Emperor
206-08, 2x0, 220, 299, 301, 318 as King of Italy 207 capturing Venice 306 dissolving Holy Roman Empire 206, 210 signing Treaty of Tilsit 109 Napoleonic Wars 57,153
339 INDEX Narodnaya Volya (People’s Will) 18 National Alliance (Italy) 283 Navarro, J.M. de 4,7,138,173 Nazism 6, 26, 79,151-53,162,164, 172,179,190, 213, 217 Németh, Miklós 233 Nero, Emperor 3, 5,128 Neusiedler See (or Lake Fertő) 228, 231, 232 Nevsky, Alexander 40 Newhouse, Irene 6,127 Nicholas I, Tsar 49 Nicholas II, Tsar 33 Nick, Dagmar 177 Nida (f. Nidden) 75-80 No Big Ships group 307 Northern League (Italy - Lega Nord) 319 Nova Gorica 280, 281 Novo Mesto 270 Nylands Yacht Club, Helsinki 36 Olomouc (f. Olmütz) 184-90, 195-99 Café Mahler 187 Jewish Cemetery 197 Moravian Theatre 187 St Wenceslas Cathedral 189 Olsztyn 117,124 Olympic Games 37, 286 Ondaatje, Michael 240, 243 Orange Revolution (Ukraine) 103 Orbán, Viktor 234, 249, 319 Order of St Mary of the Germans 139 Ösel-Wiek, Bishopric of 50 Osterna, Poppo von 68 Österreichische Bernsteinstraße 200 Ottoman Empire 7,208,229,247, 255, 306 Owen, Wilfred 287 Oxford University 1, 271, 322 Palanga 62-65,74 Amber Museum 62-64,74 amber production 63 centre for smuggling 63 Palladio, Andrea 307 Pan-European Picnic 233, 234 Pappenheim, Bertha (Anna O) 216, 2Ī7 Pärnu 52, 53 Partynice (f. Hartlieb) 172,182 Passion Plays 231 Peer, Josefine 193 PEN Writers for Peace 268 Penny Unions 163 people trafficking 45, 217, 233, 234, 253,283 People’s Will — see Narodnaya Volya Pepys, Samuel 56, 57 Peter the Great, Tsar 15,19, 21, 22, 27, no Peter III, Tsar 69 Peutinger Table 277 Pfennig-Verein (Penny Union) 163 Philby, Kim 15, 47, 202 Plečnik, Joze 265 Poland First Partition of (1772) 117 German invasion of (1939) 154 Second Partition of
(1793) 152,156 Third Partition of (1795) 63,152 Polish Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology 121 Poor Clares, Order of 190 Potsdam Conference (1945) 86,183 Pound, Ezra 309,317 Prešeren, France 258, 266 Prussia, Dukes of 63
340 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Prussian State Agency for Natural Monument Care 121 Przeworsk culture 161 Ptolemy, Claudius 118,152,155 Ptuj (Slovenia) 253-57, 293 Orpheus Monument 254,257 Purbach (f. Fekete Város) 228, 249 Pushkin (town) 19 Putin, Vladimir 20, 24 Putrih, Karel 266 Quadi people 211, 226, 246 Quarto d’Altino 297 Queen Luise Bridge, Sovetsk 109 Quintus Ennius Liberális 260 Raab, Julius 214 Racowitza, Count Janko von 176 Radziejowski’s Tower 116 Ragged Guards 235 Ransome, Arthur 36, 38, 41, 47, 50 Rapallo, Treaty of (1920) 279 Rebane, Alfons 46,47 Red Army 26, 46, 91,93,144,164 Reform Judaism 147,158,167 Rėza, Liudvikas (Ludwig Rhese) 75 Rhaue, Hans 124 Richmond, Theo 155 Riga 29, 55, 60-62 Bay of 48 National Museum 62 Rigby, Elizabeth 12 Riigikogu (Estonian parliament) 41, 47 Rijeka (f. Tarsatica) 273 Rilke, Rainer Maria 192 River Bečva 191,192 River Danube 5,115,186,188, 204, 225, 278 River Djye (Thaya) 198,199 River Drava 253 River Dvina 54 River Dzierzgoń (Sorge) 121 River Elbling 119 River Hubelj 279 River Isonzo 278,284 River Kłodzko 185 River Ljubljanica 263,265, 272, 278 River Morava (March) 5,186,188, 189,194, 200 River Motława 132 River Nemunas (Memel) 68,109 River Neisse (Nyasa) 115,183 River Neva 15,16,22,27 River Nógat 140,143 River Odra (Oder) 5,115,138,161, 162,186 River Oława 161 River Pavlovski 253 River Pesnica 253 River Piave 316 River Po 26 River Pregolya 88, 89 River Prosną 155 River Rába 248 River Rhine 115 River Saka 58 River Sava 253,262, 278 River Savinja 260, 262 River Scinawka 185 River Šlqza 161,182 River Šventoji 63 River Timavo
(karstie) 289 River Vipava 278, 279 River Vistula 5,91,115,138,144 186 River Warta 152,153,155 River Widawa 161 River Zal 250, 251 robinia (false acacia) 247
INDEX Rohde, Alfred 99,128 Rot-Schwarz Allianz 229 Roth, Joseph 204, 216, 218, 220 Royal Geographical Society, London 4 Royal Society, London 269 Rozhestvensky, Admiral Zinovy 40 Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor 264 Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor 206 Ruskin, John 298, 316, 318 Russian Academy of Sciences 83 Russian Revolution (1905) 17, 33 Russian Revolution (1917) 33, 36 Rust (town) 231 Rust, Bernhard 173 Rybachy (f. Rossitten) 83 Biological Station 83 Rzucewo culture 141 Saaremaa 51 Saarinen, Eliel 34, 38 Säckler Library, Oxford 172 St Ambrose 286 St Donà di Piave 297 St Fosca 303, 311, 314 St Francis of Assisi 282 St Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of 228, 235 St Gertrude 278 St Jerome 294 St John Nepomuk 192 St John of Capistrano 167 St Margarethen 231, 232 St Marijos-Juru 63 St Martin of Tours 245, 275 St Martin’s Way 275 St Pavel 274 St Petersburg {see also Leningrad) 11-29, 33, 48 З41 Academy of Sciences 28 Church of the Saviour on Spilled Blood 18 Hermitage 25, 26 Kazan Cathedral 17 Mikhailovsky Palace 28 Moskovský station 12,19 museums 16, 28 Nevsky Prospekt 17,18, 28 Summer Palace 22 ‘Venice of the North’ 15 Winter Palace 22, 25, 27 Salla (Roman town, see also Zalalövő) 251 Salza, Hermann von 140 San Giovanni di Duino 289 Santa Maria della Consolazione, Venice 298 Santiago de Compostela 8 Sartori, Egida 316,320 Saunders, Fernando 189, 272 Savaria (Roman town, see also Szombathely) 244, 245 Scarbantia (Roman town, see also Sopron) 235-37 Schauberger, Johann Georg 188 Scheffler, Friedrich Wilhelm 157 Scheffler, Karl Friedrich 157 Schlüter, Andreas 21,22 Schnitzler, Arthur 203,
215 Schoenberg, Arnold 203,215 Schüler, Adolf 126,129,130,174, 180,181 Schüler, Alfred 170,182 Schüler, Cäcilie (later Adler) 130, 174 Schüler, Frieda 130 Schumann, Julius 74 Schwahn, Christian 128 Schwarzort Treasure 73
342 ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE Second German Empire 128 Second World War 14,19, 88,120, 123,128,139,146, 201 Seger, Professor Hans 173 Šempeter Roman cemetery 259 Sentia Secunda 294 Sephardic Jews 304 Seven Years War 68 Shaw, George Bernard 4 shipwrecks 48, 49, 71 Shostakovich, Dmitri 55 Silk Road 4 skype, invention of in Tallinn 39 Slovenian Writers’ Association 267 Social Democratic Party (Germany) 176, i77 202 Solidarity movement (Solidarność) 8,127,128,162 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 65 Sophie Charlotte, Electress of Prussia 21 Sopot 116,133 Sopot International Song Festival 126,128 Sopron (f. Oden burg, see also Scarbantia) 2.35-39, 2.93 Fabricius House 235 Sovetsk 109 Spanish Civil War 180 Spitz, Baruch 170-74,178 Spitz, Elise 178,180,181 Spitz, Hannah 174 Staatliche Bernstein Manufaktur 89, 125 Stalin, Joseph 7,16,17, 34, 61,91, 125 Stanisław August Poniatowski, King of Poland 143 Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland 142 Ständen, Wilhelm 73 Stantien und Becker 73,128, 209 Starć Czarnowo cemetery 144 Staré Hradisko 193 Šteger, Aleš 266 Stein, Edith 176 Strabo 272,289 Stroheim, Erich von 192 Strugatsky, Arkady and Boris 44 Strzelce Krajeńskie 124 Stutthof concentration camp 104, 135 Sudety Mountains 182,186 Sun Stone 64 Svetlogorsk (f. Rauschen) 104 Szczecin (f. Stettin) Szombathely (see also Savaria) 244, 245, 247 Cathedral 245 Savaria Museum 244, 245 Temple of Isis 246 Tallinn 35-47, 53 Nevsky Cathedral 40 Old Town 36, 37,42 Raekoja (Town Hall) 37 Song Festival 42 Toompea 38,40 Tannenberg, Battle of 149 Tarkovsky, Andrei 43, 44,103 Tarkovsky, Arseny 44 Tartar, HMS 57
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 49, 52, 54 Ten Days War (Slovenia) 266 Teutonic Knights 37, 38, 60,63, 68, 77, 82, 86, 88,98,119,132, 138-40,144,145,152, 201, 300 at war with Lithuania 65 Battle of Grunwald 149 building mills 89
INDEX controlling Danzig 123 controlling Warmia 117 Lords of Amber 66 loss of West Prussia 125,149 monopoly of amber trade 43,128 in Venice 300 in Vienna 210 strongholds 116 Thales of Miletus 2 Theodore, Archbishop of Aquileia 285 Theodoric, King of Italy 121 Theodosius, Emperor 277-79 Theresienstadt concentration camp 231 Thienemann, Johannes 83 Third Partition of Poland (1795) 63 Thirteen Years War 117 Thirty Years War 162 Thorn, Peace of 149 Tiberius, Emperor 226, 271 Tilsit, Treaty of 109 Tiškevičius, Felix 63 Tiškevičius, Count Mykolas 63 Tito, Marshal Josip Broz 280 Tiussi, Cristiano 289-91, 294 Torcello 310-17 Museum 312, 313 Santa Fosca church 311, 314, 315 Santa Maria Assunta cathedral З11։ З14 Torelli, Luigi 312 Toruń (f. Thorn) 138,144,146,147 Church of St John 147 Town Hall 147,148 Trajan, Emperor 253, 302 Treblinka concentration camp 189, 231 Tromiasto (Tri-City) — see Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot 343 Trotsky, Leon 36 Trubar, Primož 266 Tsarskoye Selo (f. Saarskaya Myaza) 14,19, 20, 22, 99 Tsushima, Battle of (1905) 49 Tsvetayeva, Marina 44 Tumski Island, Wroclaw 161 Turk, Dr Peter 271 Turku 31 Tweedie, Mrs Alec 32 UNESCO World Heritage Site status 72 Uniradzc 134 Urbańczyk, Przemysław 121 Valens, Emperor 286 Valentinian I, Emperor 24è Valentinian III, Emperor 295 Valvasor, Janez Vajkard 269, 276, 278 Vandals 7,161 Vasilievsky, Marshal Alexsandr 91 Velleius Paterculus (historian) 226 Velvet Revohition (1989) 192 Venice 298-320 Archaeological Museum 300 Doge’s Palace 299 Ghetto 303, 305, 306 Jewish Museum 305 Piazza San Marco 298-301 Rialto 298, 311 San Giorgio
Maggiore 33 San Michele Cimiterio 309 synagogues 304 Ventspils (f. Windau) 56 Versailles, Treaty of 69,119,120, 128,132,178,183 Vespasian, Emperor 246, 302 Via Baltica 53
ALONG THE AMBER ROUTE 344 Via Gemina 5, 276 Vienna (Wien) 202-19 café society 203-05 centre of Jewish scholarship 214 Church of St Mary of the Angels 219 City Temple synagogue 211 Hofburg Palace 208 Kunsthistorisches Museum 207, 208 Ottoman sieges of 208 St Stephen’s Cathedral 209 Vienna, Congress of 153 Vilnius 29 Vindobona 204 Visigoths 279 Vistula Lagoon no, 115 Vistula Spit 134 Vogelsang Castle 145,146 Vogelwarte Rossitten 83 Vrhnika 273, 274 Waffen SS 46,151 Waldheim, Kurt 214 Walesa, Lech 125 Wallenstein, Albrecht von 256 War of St Sabas 300 Warmia, Duchy of (Ermland) 117 Warsaw, Duchy of 153 Weber, Carl Maria von 167 Weizmann, Chaim 172 Wertheimer, Samson 230, 231 West Estonian Archipelago 48-53 ships wrecked off Saaremaa 48, 49 Whiteread, Rachel 212, 213 Wielowiejski, Jerzy 138,173 Wiesenthal, Simon 213 Wilhelm I, Kaiser 140 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 271 Władisław Jagiełło, King of Poland 149 Wolf, Hugo 203 Wolfram, Gottfried 21, 22 Wollstonecraft, Mary 217 Woolson, Constance Fenimore 310 World Amber Council 129 World Amber Hunting Championships 134 Wotton, Sir Henry 305 Wrocław (f. Breslau, Vretslav) 5, 138,157-59,161-66 Jewish cemetery 175 New Synagogue 169 Old Town 164 Opera House 166 Rynek 164-66 Stork Synagogue 169 Town Hall 165 University 169,173 Wulfstan 119,122 Yantarny (f. Palmnicken) 73,93-96, 104 Yugoslav People’s Army 266 Yushchenko, Viktor 103 Zalalövő (see also Salla) 250,251 Zell, Heinrich 118 Zernebach, Johann Georg 125 Žižek, Slavoj 266, 267 Zimmerman, Julius Heinrich 87 Zola, Emile 180 Zoroastrianism 256 Zuckmayer, Karl 77 Zweig, Stefan 12,180 Zygmunt II
Vasa, King of Poland 123 Zyklon В, discovery of 172 Ssyedscbs1 |
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| author_sort | Schüler, C. J. |
| author_variant | c j s cj cjs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047188293 |
| classification_rvk | NW 3300 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1261740009 (DE-599)KXP1691560650 |
| dewey-full | 914.704 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 914 - Geography of and travel in Europe |
| dewey-raw | 914.704 |
| dewey-search | 914.704 |
| dewey-sort | 3914.704 |
| dewey-tens | 910 - Geography and travel |
| discipline | Geschichte Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte Geographie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europe, Eastern Description and travel Europe, Eastern History Bernsteinstraße (DE-588)4222560-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europe, Eastern Description and travel Europe, Eastern History Bernsteinstraße |
| id | DE-604.BV047188293 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:46:59Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:05:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781912240913 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032593542 |
| oclc_num | 1261740009 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 344 Seiten 2 Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210803 DHB_BSB_FID gbd_0 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Sandstone Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Schüler, C. J. Verfasser (DE-588)1016808275 aut Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice C. J. Schüler Inverness, Scotland Sandstone Press 2020 344 Seiten 2 Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis: Seite [323]-329 Following the Amber Route from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, C. J. Schüler charts the origins of amber, the myths and legends that have grown around it, and the dazzling artefacts crafted from it and traded along the way. Schüler reflects on the route's violent history through the centuries, not least his own family's experience of persecution and flight. Schüler, C. J Travel Europe, Eastern Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Amber History Europe, Eastern Description and travel Europe, Eastern History Bernsteinstraße (DE-588)4222560-7 gnd rswk-swf Bernsteinstraße (DE-588)4222560-7 g Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-912240-92-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032593542&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032593542&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032593542&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Schüler, C. J. Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice Schüler, C. J Travel Europe, Eastern Amber History |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4222560-7 |
| title | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice |
| title_auth | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice |
| title_exact_search | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice |
| title_full | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice C. J. Schüler |
| title_fullStr | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice C. J. Schüler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Along the amber route St. Petersburg to Venice C. J. Schüler |
| title_short | Along the amber route |
| title_sort | along the amber route st petersburg to venice |
| title_sub | St. Petersburg to Venice |
| topic | Schüler, C. J Travel Europe, Eastern Amber History |
| topic_facet | Schüler, C. J Travel Europe, Eastern Amber History Europe, Eastern Description and travel Europe, Eastern History Bernsteinstraße |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032593542&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032593542&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032593542&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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