Informal institutions in policy implementation: comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia
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Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA, USA
Edward Elgar Publishing
[2020]
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| Beschreibung: | xiv, 194 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781789902013 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Informal institutions in policy implementation |b comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia |c Anna Korppoo (research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Iselin Stensdal research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Marius Korsnes (research scientist, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA, USA |b Edward Elgar Publishing |c [2020] | |
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| 653 | 0 | |a Clean energy / Government policy / China | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Clean energy / Government policy / Russia (Federation) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents vii ix x xiii List of tables About the authors Preface List ofacronyms and abbreviations 1 Introduction 1 Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes and Iselin Stensdal 2 Administrative-political systems and climate policies in China and Russia: a comparison 10 Anna Korppoo, Iselin Stensdal and Marius Korsnes 3 Theoretical framework: formal and informal institutions in policy implementation 31 Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes and Iselin Stensdal 4 Case study 1 : the Shanghai emissions trading scheme pilot 60 Iselin Stensdal 5 Case study 2: domestic solar power policy in China 85 Marius Korsnes 6 Case study 3: limitations to associated petroleum gas flaring in Russia 109 Anna Korppoo 7 Case study 4: energy-efficiency law ֊ energy-saving companies in Russia 131 Anna Korppoo 8 Case study 5: energy-efficiency law - tax instruments in Russia Anna Korppoo V 148
vi Informal institutions in policy implementation 9 Discussion Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes andIselin Stensdal 163 10 Conclusion Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes and Iselin Stensdal 172 Appendix 1 : list of interviewees Appendix 2: announced companies enrolled in the Shanghai ETS First Operating Period, 2013-15 Index 179 182 188
Index 18th Communist Party Congress (Russia, 2013) 60-61 ‘31 May’ policy changes (China) 99-100 blat networks (Russia) 3, 37,40-41, 47, 48, 142,167,175 bribery 39,117, 124 case-specific background data 49-52 CCER (Chinese Certified Emission Reduction) 63, 70-71, 73 CCP (Chinese Communist Party) 11,12, 13, 14,24,31,51, 174 CDU TEK data 110-12 centre-local informal rales 41-2, 43, 47 China built-in flexibility 163-5 climate policy and energy balance 15-17, 25-6 commitment to emissions reduction 2,4,15-16,25-6, 32,177 Constitution of 11,12, 42 data secrecy/falsification 43-4 economic development 10-11 five-year plans 11,15,24, 31,41-2, 60-61,64-5, 87, 90,102-3, 173 GDP data 10, 15-16,25-6,42, 60, 95 GHG emissions data 1-2 guanxi networks (China) 3, 39-40, 47, 175, 176 hypotheses 173-5 influence of informal institutions 31,34 influence of informal institutions in policy implementation 167-70, 172-3 influential mechanisms on climate policy 3 informal institutional phenomena 38-40,41-4 methodological considerations 4-6 methodology of case studies 48-51, 53-4 accelerated depreciation 149-50, 151, 155,157 accommodating informal institutions 37, 103,125, 144,158 aim of study 2-4 APG (associated petroleum gas) flaring 109-13, 123-5, 165-6,167, 168, 169,174 access to gas pipeline network 118, 122,124 background data 51-2 categorizing informal institutions 121-3 data comparisons 110-13 detecting informal institutions 115-21 exemptions 118-19, 122 formal legal framework for limitations 113-15, 124 legislation on 113-14 metering 113, 114, 115-17, 119, 120,121,124,125,169 political
influence of oil sector 120-21, 122-3, 124 pollution fees/fines 114-15,121-2, 124 reimbursements 119-20, 122, 124 representativeness of study 53-4 subsoil-use licensing 115,117-18, 122, 124 auctions 67-8, 72, 74—5, 78 Baoshan 62 ‘beautiful China’ vision 13 ‘black boxes’ of policy implementation 4,31 188
Index political system 10-15,24-5 population 10,24, 25,42, 177 poverty rate 10 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-7 PV-generated electricity see PV-generated electricity regional competition 42-3 Shanghai ETS see Shanghai ETS social stability 10-11 state and institutions 33 theoretical considerations 175-6 clientelism 37,39,123, 164,167 Climate Action Tracker 2 Climate Doctrine (Russia) 20 climate scepticism 21,25, 177 competing informal institutions 36, 37, 43,44,45, 157, 158, 166 APG flaring 121-2, 123, 124, 125 ESCOs 142, 144 Shanghai ETS 77, 78 solar PV-generated electricity 101, 103 ‘competitive authoritarianism’ 18-19 complementary informal institutions 36, 102,103,125,144,158 compliance cycles 62, 64, 65-7, 72, 75 Constitution (China) 11, 12,42 Constitution (Russia) 18,19 Copenhagen Summit (2009) 16 corruption 13-14, 18, 35, 37, 38,41,43, 48, 117, 121,141, 157 data secrecy/falsification 43-6 decarbonization 15,23 Decree 636 (Russia) 135-6 ‘directed improvisation’ 11-12 Donskoy, Sergey 115,119,120 dual states 5, 18,24, 32, 41, 59, 123, 157-8,168,173-t, 175 ‘ecological civilization’ vision 13 EEIs (energy-efficiency indicators) 152, 155, 157,158 Electricity Law (China, 1995)93 ELVs (emission limit values) 114 energy audits 140,142, 154,174 Energy Conservation Law (China, 1997, 2007) 15 189 Energy Efficiency Programme (Russia) 22 Energy Saving and Emissions Reduction Centre (China) 61-2 Environmental Protection Law (China, 2014)15 ESCOs (energy-saving companies) 131^1,143^4,165-6,167,168, 169,174, 178 background data 49, 52 categorizing informal institutions 141-3
detecting informal institutions 136-41,144 energy audits 140, 142 ‘Federal Law 44’ 133, 135, 137, 139 ‘Federal Law 261’ 131,132,134-5, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141-2, 143-4 formal legal institutions 134—6, 143-4 housing sector 136,138-9,142, 143-4 improving public sector conditions 136-8 public procurement 135-6,137 representativeness of study 53-4 shared-savings model 131,134 verification practices 139-40, 142 wider legal frameworks 140^-1 exploitation potential 163, 165-6,167, 168 APG flaring 121, 122, 124, 125 ESCOs 142,144 Shanghai ETS 64, 68, 69, 74, 77, 78 solar PV-generated electricity 98, 101 tax instruments 157, 158 theoretical framework 34, 38,42 ‘fair dispatch’ principle 93,101 Federal Assembly (Russia) 18 Federal Law 44 (Russia) 133,135, 137, 139 Federal Law 261 (Russia) 22, 23 ESCOs 131, 132, 134-5, 136, 138, 139, 140,141-2,143-4 tax instruments 149,151-2, 153, 158 Federation Council (Russia) 18, 19
190 Informal institutions in policy implementation FiTs (feed-in tariffs) 86, 91-2, 94, 100-101, 102 five-year plans (China) 11, 15,24, 31, 41-2, 60-61, 64—5, 87, 90, 102-3, 173 formal institutions 31—4 APG flaring 113-15, 124 defining and identifying 3 ESCOs 134-6, 143-4 policy outcomes/outputs 33-4 Shanghai ETS 62-5 solar PV-generated electricity 89-94,102-3 and state 32-3 tax instruments 151-3, 158 fossil fuel exports (Russia) 2, 21-3, 25, 109 fragmented authoritarianism 4—5,12-13, 33 FTS (Federal Tax Service, Russia) 151, 156 Gazpromnefi 110, 114,118,120, 121, 122,125 GDP data China 10,15-16, 25-6,42, 60, 95 Russia 17,22-3,25-6 GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions APG flaring 112-13, 123 commitment to reduction of 2, 4, 5, 16, 25-6, 32, 177 data 1-2 effectiveness of reduction policies 1 methodology of study 4-6 political systems and climate policy 10, 13, 15-17, 20-21,22-3, 25-6 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8 Shanghai ETS see Shanghai ETS global financial crisis (2008/9) 33, 85, 88 Golden Sun Demonstration Programme (China) 88 GOST standards 139—40, 142 ‘grey areas’ 34,37, 38,121, 167,172, 175 guarní networks (China) 3, 39-40, 47, 175, 176 Han Zheng 65 high energy efficiency regulations 151, 152-3, 155 hypotheses 173-5 ICAP (International Carbon Action Partnership) 72 IEA (International Energy Agency) 17 INDC (intended nationally determined contribution) 20-21 informal communication 50, 65-7, 72, 75, 167 informal institutional phenomena 34, 38-47, 53-4 interlinkages between 47 related to informal institutions 39—41 related to political system 41-7 informal
institutions 31-5 accommodating informal institutions 37, 103, 125, 144, 158 APG flaring 115-25, 165-6,167, 168,169,174 built-in flexibility (China) 163-5 categorizing 74-7, 100-102, 121-3, 141-3,157-8 competing informal institutions see competing informal institutions complementary informal institutions 36, 102, 103, 125, 144, 158, defining and identifying 3, 34-5 detecting 65-74, 94-100, 115-21, 136-41,144,153-6, ESCOs 136-44,165-6, 167, 168, 169, 174, 178 exploitation potential see exploitation potential hypotheses 173-5 impact on formal policy goals 35-8 influence in policy implementation 167-70, 172-3 informal institutional phenomena see informal institutional phenomena methodology of case studies 48-54 and non-institutional behavioural patterns 35, 38, 172, 176 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8
191 Index Russian policy agenda 165-7 Shanghai ETS 65-78,163-4, 169 solar PV-generated electricity 92-103,163-4, 168, 173, 174 and state 32, 33 substitutive informal institutions 36-7, 76, 77, 78,100,103, 125,142 subversive informal institutions 36, 37,45-6,47, 75,78, 103, 122,124, 125,144,158,165, 173 tax instruments 153-8,165,166-7, 169-70,173, 174 theoretical considerations 175-6 typology of 36-8 informal practices 3, 12-14, 67, 98, 157-8,176 APG flaring 116,122-3, 124 ESCOs 137-8,143-4 theoretical framework 34, 38,49, 50, 51-2, 54 informal rules 18, 35-6, 41-2, 43, 47, 103, 121,157, 172 Information Office (Economic and Information Commission, China) 61 interviews/interviewees 48-52,179-81 ITC (investment tax credit) 149, 150-51, 153,155-6, 157-8, 165, 166-7 kompromot 41,46, 122 Kyoto Protocol 20 law, selective use of 46 local protectionism 35,43, 86-7, 101, 103, 164,168 Lukoil 110,120 Marxism 12 media 19, 21, 64 Medvedev, Dmitry 18, 23 MEE (Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China) 13,61 metering 22, 91, 113, 114, 115-17, 119, 120,121,124,125, 169 methodologies 4-6, 48-54 Ministry of Finance (China) 89, 99 Ministry of Finance (Russia) 148,153—4, 155 MNR (Ministry of Natural Resources, Russia) 114,115, 116, 119, 120 MoE (Ministry of Energy, Russia) 114, 115, 116-17,120-21, 123, 124, 133, 143-4, 152,154-5 MRV (monitoring, reporting and verification) guidelines 62, 73, 77 National Bureau of Statistics (China) 44 National Climate Change Programme (China, 2007) 15 NDRC (National Development and Reform Commission, China) 13, 14, 61, 65, 72, 74, 89, 92, 99 NEA (National
Energy Administration, China) 89, 91, 95, 99 NEC (National Energy Commission, China) 13 New Energy Demonstration City programme (China) 95 New Institutionalism 31-2 non-institutional behavioural patterns 35, 38,172,176 North, Douglass 32 NPC (National People’s Congress, China) 11 Obama, Barack 16 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) 28, 148 ‘one country, two systems’ concept 11 Order 889 (Russia) 22 Paris Climate Agreement (2015) 2, 16, 21 patrimonialism 32, 37 patron-client relationships 39, 40-41, 43-4, 45, 47, 76, 78, 141-2, 157, 164 personal relationships 39—40 policy experimentation 14—15, 24, 87, 175 policy failures 1,173,176 Politburo Standing Committee (of CCP) 11 political systems
192 Informal institutions in policy implementation Chrna 10-15, 24—5 climate policy and energy balance 15-17, 20-23, 25-6 comparative analysis 24-6 key indicators 25-6 Russia 10,17-20,24-5 pollution 17, 114-15,117, 119, 121-2, 124 population China 10,24,25,42, 177 Russia 17, 24, 25,45 poverty/poverty alleviation projects 1-2, 10, 87, 99 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8 protectionism, local 35,43, 86-7,101, 103, 164, 168 public-private partnerships 134 public procurement 135-6,137 Putin, Vladimir 18, 23, 31,46, 120 RAESCO 131 renewable energy 14-15,16, 17, 21,152, 153,164 solar power see solar PV-generated electricity Renewable Energy Law (ReLaw, China) 15, 89-90, 93, 94, 95, 97,98, 100, 101, 102-3 representativeness of case studies 53-4 Roshydromet 21 Rosnedra 115, 117 Rosneft 110,117,120,121 Rosprirodnadzor 21 Rosprirodnadzor 21, 114, 115,116, 117-18,121 Rosstat 44-5,46 RSPP (Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs) 150 rale of law 12,46 Russia APG flaring see APG flaring Wat networks 3, 37, 40-41, 47,48, 142,167, 175 climate policy and energy balance 20-23,25-6 commitment to emissions reduction 2,4,20-22,25-6, 32,177 Constitution 18, 19 data secrecy/falsification 44-6 ESCOs see ESCOs fossil fitel exports 2,21-3, 25,109 GDP data 17, 22-3,25-6 GHG emissions data 1,2 hypotheses 173-5 influence of informal institutions 31,34 influence of informal institutions in policy implementation 167-70, 172-3 influential mechanisms on climate policy 3 informal institutional phenomena 38-9,40-41,44-7 informal institutions and policy agenda 165-7 methodological
considerations 4-6 methodology of case studies 48-9, 51-2, 53-4 political system 10,17-20, 24-5 population 17,24,25,45 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8 selective use of law 46 state and institutions 32 tax instruments see tax instruments theoretical considerations 175-6 Russian Energy Strategy 22 Shanghai DRC (Development and Reform Commission) 61, 62 Shanghai Energy Conservation Regulations (1998) 65 Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange 62, 64, 67, 68,69, 70-71, 72, 75, 76 Shanghai ETS (emissions trading scheme) 15, 24, 60-61, 77-8, 163-4, 169 acquiring advantages 74-5 announced companies 182-7 auctions 67-8, 72, 74-5, 78 background data 49-50 categorizing informal institutions 74-7 changing rales 68-70 compliance cycles 62, 64, 65-7, 72, 75 data transparency 73, 77, 78 data uncertainties 72-3 detecting informal institutions 65-74
193 Index development rules and regulations 63-4 entities with multiple roles 76-7 financial products 70-71 formal legal institutions 62-5 full compliance 53, 71-2, 73, 164, 169 informal communication 65-7, 72, 75 policy targets 64-5 representativeness of study 53—4 stakeholders 61-2, 77 shared-savings model 131,134 SHEA (Shanghai Emission Allowance) 63,69 Sibur 118,120 SINOPEC 62 sistema networks 5,41,47,48, 142, 167, 175 social stability 10-11 SOEs (state-owned enterprises) 50, 62, 66,76 Solar Building Programme 88 solar PV-generated electricity 34-5,43, 85-7,102-3, 163-4,168,169, 173,174 ‘31 May’ policy changes 99-100 background data 50-51 categorizing informal institutions 100-102 China’s electric power system 92-4 curtailment of 35, 85, 86, 89, 96-9, 101-2,103,169 detecting informal institutions 94-100 development of solar sector 88-9 feed-in tariffs 86, 91-2, 94, 100-101,102 formal legal institutions 89-94, 102-3 governance mismatch 95-6 installation targets 90 quotas 91, 93, 94-5,99,100-101, 102,103,174 rapid growth of 85-7 ReLaw 89-90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100,101, 102-3 representativeness of study 53-4 risk factors 86 Top-Runner Programme 92, 99 Special Administrative Regions (China) 11 special economic zones 43 state capture 37,47,165,173 State Council (China) 11,12,13, 15, 42,61 State Duma (Russia) 18 State Electricity Regulatory Commission (China) 93 State Power Corporation (China) 93 subsoil-use licensing 115,117-18, 122, 124 substitutive informal institutions 36-7, 76, 77, 78,100,103,125,142 subversive informal institutions 36, 37, 45-6,47, 75,78,103, 122, 124,
125, 144,158, 165, 173 Supreme People’s Court (China) 11 Supreme People’s Procuracy (China) 11 Surgutnefiegas 110,120 suspended punishment 46, 167 tax breaks 43, 149-50,151-8, 165 tax code 151-3, 154, 155-6 tax instruments 148-51,165,166-7, 169-70,173,174 accelerated depreciation 149-50, 151,155,157 background data 49, 52 categorizing informal institutions 157-8 detecting informal institutions 153-6 energy-efficiency indicators 152, 155, 157, 158 Federal Law 261 149, 151-2,153, 158 formal legal institutions 151-3, 158 high energy efficiency regulations 151, 152-3,155 investment tax credit 149,150-51, 153,155-6, 157-8, 165, 166-7 representativeness of study 53-4 tax breaks 149-50,151-8,165 tax code 151-3, 154, 155-6 TELVs (temporary emission limit values) 114 TFC (total final energy consumption) 22 theoretical considerations 175-6 Third Plenum of CCP, 1978) 12
194 Informal institutions in policy implementation tolkachi 36-7 Top-Runner Programme 92, 99 TPES (total primary energy supply) 22-3 transparency 31,44,73, 77,78,122,144 Trump, Donald 16 VAT (value added tax) 141 Xi Jinping 13, 16, 87 Yang Xiong 65 Yeltsin, Boris 18 UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention for climate change) 16,112 Bayerische І Staatsbibliothek I |
| adam_txt |
Contents vii ix x xiii List of tables About the authors Preface List ofacronyms and abbreviations 1 Introduction 1 Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes and Iselin Stensdal 2 Administrative-political systems and climate policies in China and Russia: a comparison 10 Anna Korppoo, Iselin Stensdal and Marius Korsnes 3 Theoretical framework: formal and informal institutions in policy implementation 31 Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes and Iselin Stensdal 4 Case study 1 : the Shanghai emissions trading scheme pilot 60 Iselin Stensdal 5 Case study 2: domestic solar power policy in China 85 Marius Korsnes 6 Case study 3: limitations to associated petroleum gas flaring in Russia 109 Anna Korppoo 7 Case study 4: energy-efficiency law ֊ energy-saving companies in Russia 131 Anna Korppoo 8 Case study 5: energy-efficiency law - tax instruments in Russia Anna Korppoo V 148
vi Informal institutions in policy implementation 9 Discussion Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes andIselin Stensdal 163 10 Conclusion Anna Korppoo, Marius Korsnes and Iselin Stensdal 172 Appendix 1 : list of interviewees Appendix 2: announced companies enrolled in the Shanghai ETS First Operating Period, 2013-15 Index 179 182 188
Index 18th Communist Party Congress (Russia, 2013) 60-61 ‘31 May’ policy changes (China) 99-100 blat networks (Russia) 3, 37,40-41, 47, 48, 142,167,175 bribery 39,117, 124 case-specific background data 49-52 CCER (Chinese Certified Emission Reduction) 63, 70-71, 73 CCP (Chinese Communist Party) 11,12, 13, 14,24,31,51, 174 CDU TEK data 110-12 centre-local informal rales 41-2, 43, 47 China built-in flexibility 163-5 climate policy and energy balance 15-17, 25-6 commitment to emissions reduction 2,4,15-16,25-6, 32,177 Constitution of 11,12, 42 data secrecy/falsification 43-4 economic development 10-11 five-year plans 11,15,24, 31,41-2, 60-61,64-5, 87, 90,102-3, 173 GDP data 10, 15-16,25-6,42, 60, 95 GHG emissions data 1-2 guanxi networks (China) 3, 39-40, 47, 175, 176 hypotheses 173-5 influence of informal institutions 31,34 influence of informal institutions in policy implementation 167-70, 172-3 influential mechanisms on climate policy 3 informal institutional phenomena 38-40,41-4 methodological considerations 4-6 methodology of case studies 48-51, 53-4 accelerated depreciation 149-50, 151, 155,157 accommodating informal institutions 37, 103,125, 144,158 aim of study 2-4 APG (associated petroleum gas) flaring 109-13, 123-5, 165-6,167, 168, 169,174 access to gas pipeline network 118, 122,124 background data 51-2 categorizing informal institutions 121-3 data comparisons 110-13 detecting informal institutions 115-21 exemptions 118-19, 122 formal legal framework for limitations 113-15, 124 legislation on 113-14 metering 113, 114, 115-17, 119, 120,121,124,125,169 political
influence of oil sector 120-21, 122-3, 124 pollution fees/fines 114-15,121-2, 124 reimbursements 119-20, 122, 124 representativeness of study 53-4 subsoil-use licensing 115,117-18, 122, 124 auctions 67-8, 72, 74—5, 78 Baoshan 62 ‘beautiful China’ vision 13 ‘black boxes’ of policy implementation 4,31 188
Index political system 10-15,24-5 population 10,24, 25,42, 177 poverty rate 10 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-7 PV-generated electricity see PV-generated electricity regional competition 42-3 Shanghai ETS see Shanghai ETS social stability 10-11 state and institutions 33 theoretical considerations 175-6 clientelism 37,39,123, 164,167 Climate Action Tracker 2 Climate Doctrine (Russia) 20 climate scepticism 21,25, 177 competing informal institutions 36, 37, 43,44,45, 157, 158, 166 APG flaring 121-2, 123, 124, 125 ESCOs 142, 144 Shanghai ETS 77, 78 solar PV-generated electricity 101, 103 ‘competitive authoritarianism’ 18-19 complementary informal institutions 36, 102,103,125,144,158 compliance cycles 62, 64, 65-7, 72, 75 Constitution (China) 11, 12,42 Constitution (Russia) 18,19 Copenhagen Summit (2009) 16 corruption 13-14, 18, 35, 37, 38,41,43, 48, 117, 121,141, 157 data secrecy/falsification 43-6 decarbonization 15,23 Decree 636 (Russia) 135-6 ‘directed improvisation’ 11-12 Donskoy, Sergey 115,119,120 dual states 5, 18,24, 32, 41, 59, 123, 157-8,168,173-t, 175 ‘ecological civilization’ vision 13 EEIs (energy-efficiency indicators) 152, 155, 157,158 Electricity Law (China, 1995)93 ELVs (emission limit values) 114 energy audits 140,142, 154,174 Energy Conservation Law (China, 1997, 2007) 15 189 Energy Efficiency Programme (Russia) 22 Energy Saving and Emissions Reduction Centre (China) 61-2 Environmental Protection Law (China, 2014)15 ESCOs (energy-saving companies) 131^1,143^4,165-6,167,168, 169,174, 178 background data 49, 52 categorizing informal institutions 141-3
detecting informal institutions 136-41,144 energy audits 140, 142 ‘Federal Law 44’ 133, 135, 137, 139 ‘Federal Law 261’ 131,132,134-5, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141-2, 143-4 formal legal institutions 134—6, 143-4 housing sector 136,138-9,142, 143-4 improving public sector conditions 136-8 public procurement 135-6,137 representativeness of study 53-4 shared-savings model 131,134 verification practices 139-40, 142 wider legal frameworks 140^-1 exploitation potential 163, 165-6,167, 168 APG flaring 121, 122, 124, 125 ESCOs 142,144 Shanghai ETS 64, 68, 69, 74, 77, 78 solar PV-generated electricity 98, 101 tax instruments 157, 158 theoretical framework 34, 38,42 ‘fair dispatch’ principle 93,101 Federal Assembly (Russia) 18 Federal Law 44 (Russia) 133,135, 137, 139 Federal Law 261 (Russia) 22, 23 ESCOs 131, 132, 134-5, 136, 138, 139, 140,141-2,143-4 tax instruments 149,151-2, 153, 158 Federation Council (Russia) 18, 19
190 Informal institutions in policy implementation FiTs (feed-in tariffs) 86, 91-2, 94, 100-101, 102 five-year plans (China) 11, 15,24, 31, 41-2, 60-61, 64—5, 87, 90, 102-3, 173 formal institutions 31—4 APG flaring 113-15, 124 defining and identifying 3 ESCOs 134-6, 143-4 policy outcomes/outputs 33-4 Shanghai ETS 62-5 solar PV-generated electricity 89-94,102-3 and state 32-3 tax instruments 151-3, 158 fossil fuel exports (Russia) 2, 21-3, 25, 109 fragmented authoritarianism 4—5,12-13, 33 FTS (Federal Tax Service, Russia) 151, 156 Gazpromnefi 110, 114,118,120, 121, 122,125 GDP data China 10,15-16, 25-6,42, 60, 95 Russia 17,22-3,25-6 GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions APG flaring 112-13, 123 commitment to reduction of 2, 4, 5, 16, 25-6, 32, 177 data 1-2 effectiveness of reduction policies 1 methodology of study 4-6 political systems and climate policy 10, 13, 15-17, 20-21,22-3, 25-6 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8 Shanghai ETS see Shanghai ETS global financial crisis (2008/9) 33, 85, 88 Golden Sun Demonstration Programme (China) 88 GOST standards 139—40, 142 ‘grey areas’ 34,37, 38,121, 167,172, 175 guarní networks (China) 3, 39-40, 47, 175, 176 Han Zheng 65 high energy efficiency regulations 151, 152-3, 155 hypotheses 173-5 ICAP (International Carbon Action Partnership) 72 IEA (International Energy Agency) 17 INDC (intended nationally determined contribution) 20-21 informal communication 50, 65-7, 72, 75, 167 informal institutional phenomena 34, 38-47, 53-4 interlinkages between 47 related to informal institutions 39—41 related to political system 41-7 informal
institutions 31-5 accommodating informal institutions 37, 103, 125, 144, 158 APG flaring 115-25, 165-6,167, 168,169,174 built-in flexibility (China) 163-5 categorizing 74-7, 100-102, 121-3, 141-3,157-8 competing informal institutions see competing informal institutions complementary informal institutions 36, 102, 103, 125, 144, 158, defining and identifying 3, 34-5 detecting 65-74, 94-100, 115-21, 136-41,144,153-6, ESCOs 136-44,165-6, 167, 168, 169, 174, 178 exploitation potential see exploitation potential hypotheses 173-5 impact on formal policy goals 35-8 influence in policy implementation 167-70, 172-3 informal institutional phenomena see informal institutional phenomena methodology of case studies 48-54 and non-institutional behavioural patterns 35, 38, 172, 176 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8
191 Index Russian policy agenda 165-7 Shanghai ETS 65-78,163-4, 169 solar PV-generated electricity 92-103,163-4, 168, 173, 174 and state 32, 33 substitutive informal institutions 36-7, 76, 77, 78,100,103, 125,142 subversive informal institutions 36, 37,45-6,47, 75,78, 103, 122,124, 125,144,158,165, 173 tax instruments 153-8,165,166-7, 169-70,173, 174 theoretical considerations 175-6 typology of 36-8 informal practices 3, 12-14, 67, 98, 157-8,176 APG flaring 116,122-3, 124 ESCOs 137-8,143-4 theoretical framework 34, 38,49, 50, 51-2, 54 informal rules 18, 35-6, 41-2, 43, 47, 103, 121,157, 172 Information Office (Economic and Information Commission, China) 61 interviews/interviewees 48-52,179-81 ITC (investment tax credit) 149, 150-51, 153,155-6, 157-8, 165, 166-7 kompromot 41,46, 122 Kyoto Protocol 20 law, selective use of 46 local protectionism 35,43, 86-7, 101, 103, 164,168 Lukoil 110,120 Marxism 12 media 19, 21, 64 Medvedev, Dmitry 18, 23 MEE (Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China) 13,61 metering 22, 91, 113, 114, 115-17, 119, 120,121,124,125, 169 methodologies 4-6, 48-54 Ministry of Finance (China) 89, 99 Ministry of Finance (Russia) 148,153—4, 155 MNR (Ministry of Natural Resources, Russia) 114,115, 116, 119, 120 MoE (Ministry of Energy, Russia) 114, 115, 116-17,120-21, 123, 124, 133, 143-4, 152,154-5 MRV (monitoring, reporting and verification) guidelines 62, 73, 77 National Bureau of Statistics (China) 44 National Climate Change Programme (China, 2007) 15 NDRC (National Development and Reform Commission, China) 13, 14, 61, 65, 72, 74, 89, 92, 99 NEA (National
Energy Administration, China) 89, 91, 95, 99 NEC (National Energy Commission, China) 13 New Energy Demonstration City programme (China) 95 New Institutionalism 31-2 non-institutional behavioural patterns 35, 38,172,176 North, Douglass 32 NPC (National People’s Congress, China) 11 Obama, Barack 16 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) 28, 148 ‘one country, two systems’ concept 11 Order 889 (Russia) 22 Paris Climate Agreement (2015) 2, 16, 21 patrimonialism 32, 37 patron-client relationships 39, 40-41, 43-4, 45, 47, 76, 78, 141-2, 157, 164 personal relationships 39—40 policy experimentation 14—15, 24, 87, 175 policy failures 1,173,176 Politburo Standing Committee (of CCP) 11 political systems
192 Informal institutions in policy implementation Chrna 10-15, 24—5 climate policy and energy balance 15-17, 20-23, 25-6 comparative analysis 24-6 key indicators 25-6 Russia 10,17-20,24-5 pollution 17, 114-15,117, 119, 121-2, 124 population China 10,24,25,42, 177 Russia 17, 24, 25,45 poverty/poverty alleviation projects 1-2, 10, 87, 99 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8 protectionism, local 35,43, 86-7,101, 103, 164, 168 public-private partnerships 134 public procurement 135-6,137 Putin, Vladimir 18, 23, 31,46, 120 RAESCO 131 renewable energy 14-15,16, 17, 21,152, 153,164 solar power see solar PV-generated electricity Renewable Energy Law (ReLaw, China) 15, 89-90, 93, 94, 95, 97,98, 100, 101, 102-3 representativeness of case studies 53-4 Roshydromet 21 Rosnedra 115, 117 Rosneft 110,117,120,121 Rosprirodnadzor 21 Rosprirodnadzor 21, 114, 115,116, 117-18,121 Rosstat 44-5,46 RSPP (Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs) 150 rale of law 12,46 Russia APG flaring see APG flaring Wat networks 3, 37, 40-41, 47,48, 142,167, 175 climate policy and energy balance 20-23,25-6 commitment to emissions reduction 2,4,20-22,25-6, 32,177 Constitution 18, 19 data secrecy/falsification 44-6 ESCOs see ESCOs fossil fitel exports 2,21-3, 25,109 GDP data 17, 22-3,25-6 GHG emissions data 1,2 hypotheses 173-5 influence of informal institutions 31,34 influence of informal institutions in policy implementation 167-70, 172-3 influential mechanisms on climate policy 3 informal institutional phenomena 38-9,40-41,44-7 informal institutions and policy agenda 165-7 methodological
considerations 4-6 methodology of case studies 48-9, 51-2, 53-4 political system 10,17-20, 24-5 population 17,24,25,45 prospects for low-carbon policies 176-8 selective use of law 46 state and institutions 32 tax instruments see tax instruments theoretical considerations 175-6 Russian Energy Strategy 22 Shanghai DRC (Development and Reform Commission) 61, 62 Shanghai Energy Conservation Regulations (1998) 65 Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange 62, 64, 67, 68,69, 70-71, 72, 75, 76 Shanghai ETS (emissions trading scheme) 15, 24, 60-61, 77-8, 163-4, 169 acquiring advantages 74-5 announced companies 182-7 auctions 67-8, 72, 74-5, 78 background data 49-50 categorizing informal institutions 74-7 changing rales 68-70 compliance cycles 62, 64, 65-7, 72, 75 data transparency 73, 77, 78 data uncertainties 72-3 detecting informal institutions 65-74
193 Index development rules and regulations 63-4 entities with multiple roles 76-7 financial products 70-71 formal legal institutions 62-5 full compliance 53, 71-2, 73, 164, 169 informal communication 65-7, 72, 75 policy targets 64-5 representativeness of study 53—4 stakeholders 61-2, 77 shared-savings model 131,134 SHEA (Shanghai Emission Allowance) 63,69 Sibur 118,120 SINOPEC 62 sistema networks 5,41,47,48, 142, 167, 175 social stability 10-11 SOEs (state-owned enterprises) 50, 62, 66,76 Solar Building Programme 88 solar PV-generated electricity 34-5,43, 85-7,102-3, 163-4,168,169, 173,174 ‘31 May’ policy changes 99-100 background data 50-51 categorizing informal institutions 100-102 China’s electric power system 92-4 curtailment of 35, 85, 86, 89, 96-9, 101-2,103,169 detecting informal institutions 94-100 development of solar sector 88-9 feed-in tariffs 86, 91-2, 94, 100-101,102 formal legal institutions 89-94, 102-3 governance mismatch 95-6 installation targets 90 quotas 91, 93, 94-5,99,100-101, 102,103,174 rapid growth of 85-7 ReLaw 89-90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100,101, 102-3 representativeness of study 53-4 risk factors 86 Top-Runner Programme 92, 99 Special Administrative Regions (China) 11 special economic zones 43 state capture 37,47,165,173 State Council (China) 11,12,13, 15, 42,61 State Duma (Russia) 18 State Electricity Regulatory Commission (China) 93 State Power Corporation (China) 93 subsoil-use licensing 115,117-18, 122, 124 substitutive informal institutions 36-7, 76, 77, 78,100,103,125,142 subversive informal institutions 36, 37, 45-6,47, 75,78,103, 122, 124,
125, 144,158, 165, 173 Supreme People’s Court (China) 11 Supreme People’s Procuracy (China) 11 Surgutnefiegas 110,120 suspended punishment 46, 167 tax breaks 43, 149-50,151-8, 165 tax code 151-3, 154, 155-6 tax instruments 148-51,165,166-7, 169-70,173,174 accelerated depreciation 149-50, 151,155,157 background data 49, 52 categorizing informal institutions 157-8 detecting informal institutions 153-6 energy-efficiency indicators 152, 155, 157, 158 Federal Law 261 149, 151-2,153, 158 formal legal institutions 151-3, 158 high energy efficiency regulations 151, 152-3,155 investment tax credit 149,150-51, 153,155-6, 157-8, 165, 166-7 representativeness of study 53-4 tax breaks 149-50,151-8,165 tax code 151-3, 154, 155-6 TELVs (temporary emission limit values) 114 TFC (total final energy consumption) 22 theoretical considerations 175-6 Third Plenum of CCP, 1978) 12
194 Informal institutions in policy implementation tolkachi 36-7 Top-Runner Programme 92, 99 TPES (total primary energy supply) 22-3 transparency 31,44,73, 77,78,122,144 Trump, Donald 16 VAT (value added tax) 141 Xi Jinping 13, 16, 87 Yang Xiong 65 Yeltsin, Boris 18 UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention for climate change) 16,112 Bayerische І Staatsbibliothek I |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Korppoo, Anna Stensdal, Iselin Korsnes, Marius |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1161372970 (DE-588)1230828443 (DE-588)1230828613 |
| author_facet | Korppoo, Anna Stensdal, Iselin Korsnes, Marius |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Korppoo, Anna |
| author_variant | a k ak i s is m k mk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047158076 |
| classification_rvk | MH 50915 MG 85915 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1273710579 (DE-599)BVBBV047158076 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047158076 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:39:51Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-30T17:03:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781789902013 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xiv, 194 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210421 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Edward Elgar Publishing |
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| spelling | Korppoo, Anna Verfasser (DE-588)1161372970 aut Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia Anna Korppoo (research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Iselin Stensdal research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Marius Korsnes (research scientist, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA, USA Edward Elgar Publishing [2020] © 2020 xiv, 194 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Informelle Institution (DE-588)4412578-1 gnd rswk-swf Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 gnd rswk-swf Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Energy policy / China Energy policy / Russia (Federation) Clean energy / Government policy / China Clean energy / Government policy / Russia (Federation) Informal sector (Economics) / China Informal sector (Economics) / Russia (Federation) Energy policy Informal sector (Economics) China Russia (Federation) Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 s Informelle Institution (DE-588)4412578-1 s Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 s DE-604 Stensdal, Iselin Verfasser (DE-588)1230828443 aut Korsnes, Marius Verfasser (DE-588)1230828613 aut Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032563740&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032563740&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Korppoo, Anna Stensdal, Iselin Korsnes, Marius Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia Informelle Institution (DE-588)4412578-1 gnd Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4412578-1 (DE-588)4164507-8 (DE-588)4014715-0 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia |
| title_auth | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia |
| title_exact_search | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia |
| title_full | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia Anna Korppoo (research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Iselin Stensdal research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Marius Korsnes (research scientist, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) |
| title_fullStr | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia Anna Korppoo (research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Iselin Stensdal research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Marius Korsnes (research scientist, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia Anna Korppoo (research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Iselin Stensdal research professor, Fridthof Nansen Institute, Norway), Marius Korsnes (research scientist, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) |
| title_short | Informal institutions in policy implementation |
| title_sort | informal institutions in policy implementation comparing low carbon policies in china and russia |
| title_sub | comparing low carbon policies in China and Russia |
| topic | Informelle Institution (DE-588)4412578-1 gnd Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Informelle Institution Kohlendioxidemission Energiepolitik China Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032563740&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032563740&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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