Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire: past approaches, future prospects
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Stuttgart
Franz Steiner Verlag
[2021]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Oriens et occidens
Band 32 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 359-415 |
| Beschreibung: | 437 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm x 17 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783515127752 3515127755 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of Contents Acknowledgements................................................................................................... Bibliographic Abbreviations and Editions of Sources............................................. Philological Abbreviations and Transliteration Conventions................................. 7 9 n Chapter 1: A History of Research......................................................................... 1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 1.2 Early Classical Scholarship: Delbrück, Meyer, and the Specialists................... 1.3 Broad Works 1962-1983·. Hignett, Burn, Green, Rahe...................................... 1.4 Alternatives to the Classical Tradition.............................................................. 1.5 The Achaemenid History Workshops and the Encyclopaedia Iranica............ 1.6 Western and Eastern Ways of War..................................................................... 1.7 Hellenistic Warfare as Cultural Synthesis......................................................... 1.8 The First Monographs: Bittner, Head, and Sekunda........................................ 1.9 Scholarship Since 1992....................................................................................... 1.9.1 The Classicists Tradition Since 1992........................................................... 1.9.2 Alternative Approaches Since 1992.............................................................. 1.9.3 A Sense ofAporia
2003-2018....................................................................... 1.10 Achaemenid Army Studies, Roman Army Studies, and Early Greek Warfare.. 1.11 Aims of the Work................................................................................................ 1.12 Scope of the Work.............................................................................................. 21 21 22 26 30 33 35 40 41 46 46 48 51 54 61 63 Chapter 2: The Ancestors ofAchaemenid Armies............................................. 2.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 2.2 Setting the Scope................................................................................................ 2.2.1 Chronological Scope................................................................................... 2.2.2 Geographical Scope..................................................................................... 2.3 Methodology...................................................................................................... 2.4 The Scale of Warfare.......................................................................................... 2.5 Origin of Soldiers............................................................................................... 65 65 65 65 66 67 69 73
16 Table of Contents 2.6 Types of Troops........................................................................................................... 77 2.6.1 Dezső s Model ofAssyrian Troop Types.......................................................... 77 2.6.2 Ratios between Different Troop Types.............................................................. 79 2.6.3 Organization....................................................................................................... 81 2.7 Life on Campaign......................................................................................................... 83 2.8 Combat Mechanics..................................................................................................... 85 2.8.1 Skirmishes............................................................................................................. 90 2.8.2 Sieges..................................................................................................................... 90 2.8.3 Success and Failure.............................................................................................. 95 2.9 Technology................................................................................................................... 96 2.9.1 Chariots................................................................................................................. 97 2.9.2 Aramaic.................................................................................................................. 100 2.9.3
Iron......................................................................................................................... 101 2.9.4 Hand Weapons....................................................................................................... 104 2.9.5 Armour...................................................................................................................106 2.9.6 Composite Bows......................................................................................................108 2.9.7 Organizational Technologies.............................................................................. 110 2.9.8 Neither Revolution nor Stability......................................................................... 110 2.10 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 111 Chapter 3: Kings at War: The Perspective of the Royal Inscriptions................. 115 3.1 The Cyrus Cylinder and Babylonian Royal Inscriptions...................................... 115 3.1.1 Who Spoke and Wrote Late Babylonian ?......................................................... 117 3.1.2 Who Heard and Read Royal Inscriptions ?......................................................... 120 3.1.3 The Relationship between Ideology and Practice.............................................. 123 3.2 Teispid Ideology............................................................................................................ 125 3.2.1 The Cyrus
Cylinder.................................................................................................126 3.2.2 Other Sources for Teispid Ideology..................................................................... 132 3.3 Achaemenid Ideology.................................................................................................... 133 3.3.1 Why Did Darius Become King? His Own Answer............................................ 135 3.3.2 The Model ofPeople and Land in DB.................................................................. 136 3.3.3 The Cause of War at Behistun................................................................................139 3.3.4 Actors at Behistun.................................................................................................. 140 3.3.5 Organization and Equipment ofArmies in Behistun....................................... 141 3.3.6 The Sinews of War...................................................................................................142 3.3.7 Initiative.................................................................................................................. 143 3.3.8 Decisive Battle........................................................................................................144 3.3.9 Lack ofInterest in Details ofArmies or Fighting................................................ 147 3.3.10 Capture and Punishment ofRingleaders.............................................................. 148
Table of Contents 17 3.3.11 Space, Time, and Empire at Behistun........................................................... 149 3.3.12 Palace Art.................................................................................................... 150 3.4 Conclusion......................................................................................................... 153 Chapter 4: Commoners at War: the Perspective of Letters and Documents.. 155 4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 155 4.2 Methodological Problems Posed by Documents............................................. 157 4.3 UCP 9/3 269 ff.: The Gadal-Jâma Contract........................................................159 4.4 The Haţru Organizations.....................................................................................164 4.5 Soldiers Outside the Haţru Organizations......................................................... 167 4.5.1 Temple Dependents.......................................................................................167 4.5.2 Citizen Soldiers............................................................................................ 168 4.5.3 Chaldean Tribes Living Outsidethe Cities..................................................... 170 4.5.4 Contingentsfrom the Subject Dominions.................................................... 171 4.5.5 Mercenaries, Military Colonists, orWandering Experts................................ 172 4.5.6 The Gardu
Troops....................................................................................... 175 4.6 Service and Substitution..................................................................................... 177 4.7 Ethnicity and Service.......................................................................................... 179 4.8 Bowmen, Horsemen, and Charioteers............................................................... 183 4.9 Equipping the Troops...........................................................................................187 4.10 The Muster at Uruk.............................................................................................. 192 4.11 Life Ina Madãkti...................................................................................................194 4.11.1 Activities of Soldiers..................................................................................... 194 4.11.2 Organizing, Feeding, and Paying.................................................................. 195 4.11.3 Nostoi......................................................................................................... 202 4.12 Theories of Decline..............................................................................................203 4.12.1 Overtaxation and Military Decline: The Rahe/Lane Fox Thesis...................203 4.12.2 Challenging the Premises of the Rahe/Lane Fox Thesis.................................205 4.12.3 The Feudal Theory....................................................................................... 215 4.13
Conclusion............................................................................................................218 Chapter 5: Material Remains: The Perspective ofArchaeology........................ 223 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 223 5.2 Obstacles............................................................................................................. 227 5.3 Notable Sites........................................................................................................229 5.3.1 Persis and the Zagros................................................................................... 229 5.3.2 Babylonia.....................................................................................................232 5.3.3 Syria.............................................................................................................234 5.3.4 The Levant...................................................................................................235
18 Table of Contents 5-3-5 Egypt...................................................................................................................... 237 5.3.6 Eastern Iran........................................................................................................... 238 5.3.7 Cyprus.................................................................................................................... 239 5.3.8 Anatolia..................................................................................................................240 5.3.9 Aegean.................................................................................................................... 243 5.3.10 Objects Of Unknown Origin............................................................................... 246 5.4 Classes ofEvidence............................................................................................ 248 5.5 Larger Themes....................................................................................................252 5.6 Conclusion...........................................................................................................257 Chapter 6: Greek Literature, and the Army in Action....................................... 261 6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 261 6.2 Methodological Challenges.................................................................................262 6.2.1 The Problem of Writing a Battle
Piece’............................................................... 262 6.2.2 Greek Warfare as a Moving Target...................................................................... 264 6.2.3 Synchronic and Diachronic Models.................................................................... 266 6.2.4 How Greek is the Greek Tradition?................................................................... 267 6.2.5 Conflation ofReliability and Literary Skill....................................................... 268 6.2.6 Facing Methodological Problems: The Scythed Chariot.................................. 269 6.3 Methodological Problems in Using the Classical Sources...............................278 6.3.1 Uncritical Use of Classical Sources as a Framework.......................................... 278 6.3.2 Rationalizing Sources............................................................................................ 282 6.3.3 Confusing Sources with Glosses: Xenoi at The Granicus...................................283 6.4 How Did the Persians Fight? Eduard Meyer s Answer....................................... 286 6.4.1 Did Persian Warfare Depend on Superior Numbers?........................................290 6.5 An Alternative Model of Combat Mechanics..................................................... 292 6.1.1 The Problem ofLabelling Persian Infantry..........................................................293 6.5.2 The Equipment ofPersian Infantry in Herodotus.............................................. 295 6.5.3 Equipment and Fighting
Style............................................................................... 302 6.5.4 An Analogy for Herodotean Combat................................................................... 303 6.5.5 Combat Mechanics in Later Sources................................................................... 308 6.5.6 Persian Armies in the Alexander Historians...................................................... 312 6.5.7 Greeks as a Cause of Change............................................................................... Зіб 6.6 Three Case Studies.............................................................................................. 319 6.6.1 Calculating The Size ofArmies........................................................................... 319 6.6.2 The Idea of the Persians Adopting Greek Weapons........................................... 331 6.6.3 Siege Warfare................................................................................................ 334 6.7 Conclusion...........................................................................................................344 Chapter 7: Conclusion and Future Research 349
Table of Contents 19 Bibliography................................................................................................................... 359 Index.................................................................................................................................. 418 Index of Assyriological Sources Cited........................................................................... 418 Index of Biblical Sources Cited.......................................................................................419 Index of Classical Sources Cited.....................................................................................419 Index ofWords in Ancient Languages........................................................................... 423 Index of Persons, Places, and Technical Terms.............................................................425
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| adam_txt |
Table of Contents Acknowledgements. Bibliographic Abbreviations and Editions of Sources. Philological Abbreviations and Transliteration Conventions. 7 9 n Chapter 1: A History of Research. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Early Classical Scholarship: Delbrück, Meyer, and the Specialists. 1.3 Broad Works 1962-1983·. Hignett, Burn, Green, Rahe. 1.4 Alternatives to the Classical Tradition. 1.5 The Achaemenid History Workshops and the Encyclopaedia Iranica. 1.6 Western and Eastern Ways of War. 1.7 Hellenistic Warfare as Cultural Synthesis. 1.8 The First Monographs: Bittner, Head, and Sekunda. 1.9 Scholarship Since 1992. 1.9.1 The Classicists' Tradition Since 1992. 1.9.2 Alternative Approaches Since 1992. 1.9.3 A Sense ofAporia
2003-2018. 1.10 Achaemenid Army Studies, Roman Army Studies, and Early Greek Warfare. 1.11 Aims of the Work. 1.12 Scope of the Work. 21 21 22 26 30 33 35 40 41 46 46 48 51 54 61 63 Chapter 2: The Ancestors ofAchaemenid Armies. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Setting the Scope. 2.2.1 Chronological Scope. 2.2.2 Geographical Scope. 2.3 Methodology. 2.4 The Scale of Warfare. 2.5 Origin of Soldiers. 65 65 65 65 66 67 69 73
16 Table of Contents 2.6 Types of Troops. 77 2.6.1 Dezső s Model ofAssyrian Troop Types. 77 2.6.2 Ratios between Different Troop Types. 79 2.6.3 Organization. 81 2.7 Life on Campaign. 83 2.8 Combat Mechanics. 85 2.8.1 Skirmishes. 90 2.8.2 Sieges. 90 2.8.3 Success and Failure. 95 2.9 Technology. 96 2.9.1 Chariots. 97 2.9.2 Aramaic. 100 2.9.3
Iron. 101 2.9.4 Hand Weapons. 104 2.9.5 Armour.106 2.9.6 Composite Bows.108 2.9.7 Organizational Technologies. 110 2.9.8 Neither Revolution nor Stability. 110 2.10 Conclusion. 111 Chapter 3: Kings at War: The Perspective of the Royal Inscriptions. 115 3.1 The Cyrus Cylinder and Babylonian Royal Inscriptions. 115 3.1.1 Who Spoke and Wrote Late Babylonian ?. 117 3.1.2 Who Heard and Read Royal Inscriptions ?. 120 3.1.3 The Relationship between Ideology and Practice. 123 3.2 Teispid Ideology. 125 3.2.1 The Cyrus
Cylinder.126 3.2.2 Other Sources for Teispid Ideology. 132 3.3 Achaemenid Ideology. 133 3.3.1 Why Did Darius Become King? His Own Answer. 135 3.3.2 The Model ofPeople and Land in DB. 136 3.3.3 The Cause of War at Behistun.139 3.3.4 Actors at Behistun. 140 3.3.5 Organization and Equipment ofArmies in Behistun. 141 3.3.6 The Sinews of War.142 3.3.7 Initiative. 143 3.3.8 Decisive Battle.144 3.3.9 Lack ofInterest in Details ofArmies or Fighting. 147 3.3.10 Capture and Punishment ofRingleaders. 148
Table of Contents 17 3.3.11 Space, Time, and Empire at Behistun. 149 3.3.12 Palace Art. 150 3.4 Conclusion. 153 Chapter 4: Commoners at War: the Perspective of Letters and Documents. 155 4.1 Introduction. 155 4.2 Methodological Problems Posed by Documents. 157 4.3 UCP 9/3 269 ff.: The Gadal-Jâma Contract.159 4.4 The Haţru Organizations.164 4.5 Soldiers Outside the Haţru Organizations. 167 4.5.1 Temple Dependents.167 4.5.2 Citizen Soldiers. 168 4.5.3 Chaldean Tribes Living Outsidethe Cities. 170 4.5.4 Contingentsfrom the Subject Dominions. 171 4.5.5 Mercenaries, Military Colonists, orWandering Experts. 172 4.5.6 The Gardu
Troops. 175 4.6 Service and Substitution. 177 4.7 Ethnicity and Service. 179 4.8 Bowmen, Horsemen, and Charioteers. 183 4.9 Equipping the Troops.187 4.10 The Muster at Uruk. 192 4.11 Life Ina Madãkti.194 4.11.1 Activities of Soldiers. 194 4.11.2 Organizing, Feeding, and Paying. 195 4.11.3 Nostoi. 202 4.12 Theories of Decline.203 4.12.1 Overtaxation and Military Decline: The Rahe/Lane Fox Thesis.203 4.12.2 Challenging the Premises of the Rahe/Lane Fox Thesis.205 4.12.3 The Feudal Theory. 215 4.13
Conclusion.218 Chapter 5: Material Remains: The Perspective ofArchaeology. 223 5.1 Introduction. 223 5.2 Obstacles. 227 5.3 Notable Sites.229 5.3.1 Persis and the Zagros. 229 5.3.2 Babylonia.232 5.3.3 Syria.234 5.3.4 The Levant.235
18 Table of Contents 5-3-5 Egypt. 237 5.3.6 Eastern Iran. 238 5.3.7 Cyprus. 239 5.3.8 Anatolia.240 5.3.9 Aegean. 243 5.3.10 Objects Of Unknown Origin. 246 5.4 Classes ofEvidence. 248 5.5 Larger Themes.252 5.6 Conclusion.257 Chapter 6: Greek Literature, and the Army in Action. 261 6.1 Introduction. 261 6.2 Methodological Challenges.262 6.2.1 The Problem of Writing a 'Battle
Piece’. 262 6.2.2 Greek Warfare as a Moving Target. 264 6.2.3 Synchronic and Diachronic Models. 266 6.2.4 How Greek is the Greek Tradition?. 267 6.2.5 Conflation ofReliability and Literary Skill. 268 6.2.6 Facing Methodological Problems: The Scythed Chariot. 269 6.3 Methodological Problems in Using the Classical Sources.278 6.3.1 Uncritical Use of Classical Sources as a Framework. 278 6.3.2 Rationalizing Sources. 282 6.3.3 Confusing Sources with Glosses: Xenoi at The Granicus.283 6.4 How Did the Persians Fight? Eduard Meyer s Answer. 286 6.4.1 Did Persian Warfare Depend on Superior Numbers?.290 6.5 An Alternative Model of Combat Mechanics. 292 6.1.1 The Problem ofLabelling Persian Infantry.293 6.5.2 The Equipment ofPersian Infantry in Herodotus. 295 6.5.3 Equipment and Fighting
Style. 302 6.5.4 An Analogy for Herodotean Combat. 303 6.5.5 Combat Mechanics in Later Sources. 308 6.5.6 Persian Armies in the Alexander Historians. 312 6.5.7 Greeks as a Cause of Change. Зіб 6.6 Three Case Studies. 319 6.6.1 Calculating The Size ofArmies. 319 6.6.2 The Idea of the Persians Adopting Greek Weapons. 331 6.6.3 Siege Warfare. 334 6.7 Conclusion.344 Chapter 7: Conclusion and Future Research 349
Table of Contents 19 Bibliography. 359 Index. 418 Index of Assyriological Sources Cited. 418 Index of Biblical Sources Cited.419 Index of Classical Sources Cited.419 Index ofWords in Ancient Languages. 423 Index of Persons, Places, and Technical Terms.425 |
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| geographic | Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Iran Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV047129448 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:31:52Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:03:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16075408-2 |
| isbn | 9783515127752 3515127755 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032535606 |
| oclc_num | 1226362140 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-739 |
| physical | 437 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm x 17 cm |
| psigel | gbd_4_2104 BSB_NED_20220221 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Franz Steiner Verlag |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Oriens et occidens |
| series2 | Oriens et occidens |
| spelling | Manning, Sean Verfasser (DE-588)1225703565 aut Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects Sean Manning Stuttgart Franz Steiner Verlag [2021] © 2021 437 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm x 17 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oriens et occidens Band 32 Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 359-415 Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Quellenkritik (DE-588)4128542-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd rswk-swf Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 gnd rswk-swf Perserkriege (500 - 478 v. Chr.) (DE-2581)TH000003540 gbd Perserreich (bis Alexander) (DE-2581)TH000003410 gbd Militärwesen des Alten Orients (DE-2581)TH000007242 gbd Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 s Quellenkritik (DE-588)4128542-6 s DE-604 Franz Steiner Verlag (DE-588)16075408-2 pbl (DE-604)BV047130022 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-515-12777-6 (DE-604)BV047130022 Oriens et occidens Band 32 (DE-604)BV013284155 32 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=d49c2fb7e56f48dd833827523f2023aa&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm 2020-10-28 Verlag Inhaltstext http://www.sehepunkte.de/2022/12/35029.html rezensiert in: sehepunkte 22 (2022), Nr. 12 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032535606&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Manning, Sean Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects Oriens et occidens Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Quellenkritik (DE-588)4128542-6 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4128542-6 (DE-588)4020531-9 (DE-588)4072922-9 |
| title | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects |
| title_auth | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects |
| title_exact_search | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects |
| title_full | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects Sean Manning |
| title_fullStr | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects Sean Manning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire past approaches, future prospects Sean Manning |
| title_short | Armed force in the Teispid-Achaemenid empire |
| title_sort | armed force in the teispid achaemenid empire past approaches future prospects |
| title_sub | past approaches, future prospects |
| topic | Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Quellenkritik (DE-588)4128542-6 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Militär Quellenkritik Geschichtsschreibung Iran Altertum |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=d49c2fb7e56f48dd833827523f2023aa&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.sehepunkte.de/2022/12/35029.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032535606&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013284155 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manningsean armedforceintheteispidachaemenidempirepastapproachesfutureprospects AT franzsteinerverlag armedforceintheteispidachaemenidempirepastapproachesfutureprospects |