Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750:
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The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization
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| Schriftenreihe: | Polin
volume 33 |
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| Beschreibung: | xiii, 549 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Note on Place Names xii Note on Transliteration xv PART I JEWISH RELIGIOUS LIFE IN POLAND SINCE 1750 Introduction 3 ADA RAPOPORT-ALBERT AND MARCIN WODZIŃSKI THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Leah Horowitz’s Tkhine Imohos: A Proto-Feminist Demand to Increase Jewish Women’s Religious Capital 17 MOSHE ROSMAN ‘A girl! He ought to be whipped’: The Hasid as Homo Ludens 51 DAVID ASSAF Individualism, Truth, and the Repudiation of Magic as the Tsadik's Prerogative: Pshiskhe-Like Elements in the Theology of Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Kosov 77 BENJAMIN BROWN Table Talk and the Bond of Reading: A Jewish Broadsheet for Meals 97 AVRIEL BAR-LEVAV THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Shtrayml: An Ethnographic Tale of Law and Ritualization 117 LEVI COOPER The Narcissism of Small Differences? Rituals and Customs as Hasidic Identity-Markers 151 GADI SAGIV The Vilna Talmud as a Reflection of Changing Patterns of Study EDWARD FRAM 173
xii Contents Popular Religion and Modernity: Jewish Magic Books in Eastern Europe in the Nineteenth Century 185 URIEL GELLMAN Hasidic Performance as a Reconstruction of Biblical Life 203 DANIEL REISER Preserving a Synagogue: Cultural, Material, and Sacred Values 219 SERGEY R. KRAVTSOV The Laws of Moses and the Laws of the Emperor: Austrian Marriage Legislation and the Jews of Galicia 235 RACHEL MANEKIN A Forgotten Network? New Perspectives on Progressive Synagogues in Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland 261 ALICJA MAŚLAK-MACIEJEWSKA І914-І939 To Enlist the Enthusiasm of the Young: Orthodox Jewish Non-Political Responses to the Challenges of Interwar Poland 285 GERSHON BACON The Scroll of 19 Kislev and the Construction of an Imagined Habad Lubavitch Community in Interwar Poland. 309 WOJCIECH TWOREK At the Centre of Two Revolutions: Beit Ya’akov in Poland between Neo-Orthodoxy and Ultra-Orthodoxy 339 IRIS BROWN (hOIZMAN) HOLOCAUST AND POST-HOLOCAUST Gerer Youths in the Holocaust: A Representative Blind Spot in Holocaust Research 371 HAVI DREIFUSS The Afterlife of Religion: Memoirs of the Holocaust and the Haredi Spiritualization of Modernity 401 NAFTALI LOEWENTHAL Being and Becoming: Polish Conversions to Judaism and the Dynamics of Affiliation JAN LORENZ 425
Contents xiii PART II NEW VIEWS Foul-Weather Friends: Reinterpreting Jewish-Christian Urban Interaction in the Final Decades of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 441 CURTIS G. MURPHY The Vilna Pogrom of 19-21 April 1919 463 SZYMON RUDNICKI Jewish Medical Activity in the Ghettos under the Nazi Regime: Characteristics and Broad Historical Context 495 MIRIAM OFFER PART III OBITUARIES Jerzy Wyrozumski 519 ANTONY POLONSKY Claude Lanzmann 521 ANTONY POLONSKY Ada Rapoport-Albert 527 DAVID ASSAF Notes on the Contributors 529 Index 535
Index A Aaron ‘the Great’ of Karlin 52 n. 3,60,63 Aaron (the Second) of Karlin 155 Aaron Halevi of Staroselye 156 Abraham Gershon of Kuty 68 Abraham ibn Ezra 23 η. 29 Abraham Jacob of Sadegura, R. 73-4 n. 88,155 Abraham of Kalisk 58-60,156 Abraham of Slonim, R. 69 Abraham of Trisk (Turzysk) 165,167 Abramowicz, Witold 471 Abramowicz, Władysław 492 Abramsky, R. Yehezkel 364 Abras, Ozjasz 277 Adelkind, Daniel 178 Aescoli, Aaron Ze’ev 72 Agnon, S. Y. 120-1 Agudas Achim association 271,274 Agudat Yisrael (Agudas Yisroel) 288,291-3,301, 306,340,352-3,357-8,367,375 adoption of Beit Ya’akov schools 345-6 Agudat Yisrael Girls, see Benot Agudat Yisra’el Agudat Yisrael Youth, see Tse’irei Agudat Yisra’el Ahad Ha’am (Asher Hirsh Ginsberg) 73-4 n. 88 Akiva, R. 408,418 alcohol monopoly, disputes about 455-7 Alexander I, Tsar 141 Alexander II, Tsar 200 Alfasi, R. Isaac 178 Allerhand, Maurycy 231-2 All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee 229 Alsberg, Henry 464 Alter, R. Abraham Mordecai (Gerer Rebbe; Imrei Emes) 294,308,342,345,375-9,4°3,4°5 Alter, R. Isaac Meir (Rim) 372,396 Alter, Israel, R. 378,405 Alter, Lieber 383 Alter, R. Ya’akov Aryeh 118 (Fig. 2) Althaus, Eliyahu Hayim 331-2 Altman, Abraham 395 Anderson, Benedict 309 An-sky, S. 222,226,228-9,289 antisemitism: Christian 525 Nazi 525 in Paris 521 in Poland 491,509 in Vilna 469 see also Christian-Jewish relations appearance, Jewish 411 maintained during Holocaust 382-400,404 Apt, see Opatów Arad,Yitshak 379 Aramaic, prayers in 35-8 Asher ben Yehiel, R. 175-82 Pisket harosh 177 Ashkenazy, Severyn 433 Assaf, David 7-8 assimilation 291
Association of Jewish Physicians 508 Association of the Students of the Tomkhei Temimim Yeshiva (Hanikhei Yeshivat Tomkhei Temimim) 317-18 Auerbach, R. Israel Matityahu, Shomeryisra 'el 194 Auschwitz death camp 393,405,522 imagined Wer in 416 nakedness of women in 414 Avrutin, Eugene 442 Awin, Józef 220-1,230-2 Azulai, Hayim Yosef (Hida) 105 В Ba’al Shem Tov (the Besht; Israel ben Eliezer) 93, 124,126,224,328 as seen by Romantics 5 beit midrash in Mezhbizh (Międzybóż) Ζ25 historiography 7, Í99,213-14 joking reference to beating 68 and magic 189-90,192 pilgrimage to 208-9 Bach, Alexander von 254-5 Bais Yaakov, see Beit Ya’akov Bakban, Majer 12,220,262 Barukh, Isaac 105
53б Basan, Zadok 128,132 (Fig. 12) Batyah 347 Bauer, Yehuda 501 Baumel, Judith 421 beards 141 see also appearance, Jewish beating: joking reference to by the Besht 68 ordered by rabbi 52-5 as sign of joy 67-75 Beer-Hofmann, Richard 359 Beinish, R. Benjamin, of Krotshin, Shem tov katan 188 BeitYa’akov 305,376 early history 340 schools 11,300-3,307,339-69 summer courses 355 Belina-Prażmowski, Colonel 470-1 Beizer Rebbe, see Roke’ah, R. Issachar Dov Ben-Sefer, Ellen 421 Benedict XIV, Pope, on mixed marriages 251 Benisch, Pearl 342,421 Benot Ágúdat Yisra’el (Bnoys Agudas Yisroel; Agudat Yisrael Girls) 302,347 Benski family 477 bentsherlekh (blessing booklets) 99 Berdyczewski, Micha Yosef 72,352 Berger, Israel 200 Bergman, Stefan 463,478-9 Bernstein, Herman 485 Bersohn, Mathias 219-20 Bertinoro, R. Obadiah 19,26 Besht, the, see Ba’al Shem Tov Betsalel, R. Moshe 382,388-9 Beyer, Karol 128,131 (Fig. 11) Biberfeld, R. Eduard 351 Bieberstein, Aleksander 398 Billikopf, Jacob 464 Blady-Szwajger, Adina 513 Bleich, Judith 422 Blumenthal, Tsilah 380 Bnoys Agudas Yisroel, see Benot Agudat Yisra’el Bobover Rebbe, see Halberstam, R. Ben-Zion Bogen, Boris 465,487-8 Boguchwalski,Józef 456 Bolsheviks: in Poland 491 in Vilna 466-77 Bolshevism 467 Bomba, Abraham 523 Index Bomberg, Daniel 175 ‘bond of reading’, definition 105 Borwicz, Michal 524 Brandstetter, Mordecai David 71-2 Brandt, Emanuel 222 Braude, Markus 275,277,280 Braun, R. Israel, of Zawiercie 390 Brawer, Avraham Ya’akov 259-60 Brayer, R. Nahum Dov 119 (Fig. 3) Breiter, Isaac 304 Breşler, Moses 222 Breuer, Isaac 359,367 Brin, Yossele
398 Brody, Richard 522 Brown (Hoizman), Iris 11 Browning, Christopher R. 510 Bruegel the Elder, Pieter 123 Brumberg, Abe 524 Buber, Martin 151-2,352 Buckser, Andrew 428 burial, see cemeteries Buxhoeveden, Fedor von 459 C Camhi, Leslie 522 Çaplan, Kimmy 403 Carlebach, R. Joseph Hirsch 351,357 Caro,Jecheskiel 269,275-6 Castro, Jessica 503 Catholic clergy in Warsaw, offer of hiding place declined 418-19 cemeteries: burial of damaged holy objects in Jewish 227-8 ritual encircling of 329 Central Relief Committee 312 Central Society for the Care of Orphans 508 Central Union of Progressive Synagogues in Poland 280,283 charms, see magic: books on Chetmno concentration camp 522-3 childbirth, Nazi prohibition against in ghetto 499 Christian-Jewish relations: billeting of soldiers, conflicts over 441,453-4, 459 inChehn 455-8 expulsion of Jews from towns 446-7 perceptions of Jews in Christian folk cultures 12 stereotypes of Jews 432 in urban settings 441-61
Index Christian Union of Workers 469 Chromowiczjan 448-9,455 Churchill, Winston 132 CIS Holocaust Diary project 409-14 Civilian Administration of the Eastern Lands (Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich) 465, 468 clothing,Jewish: hasidic 133-9,141-2 traditional, taxed 140 white 133,163-4 woollen 138 see also appearance, Jewish; headwear, fur; shtrayml·, tekhelet fringe; tsitsit commandment; wigs Cohen, Nava 497 Comaroff, John and Jean 427 Commission for the Preservation of Jewish Art 231-2 Committee for the Defence of the Eastern Borderlands 465 Confederation of Bar 454 conversion to Catholicism 9,238 and marriage 241-2 conversion to Christianity 134,258 and divorce 247-51 pressure for 446 conversion to Judaism: authority to approve 432-5 courts for 427 motivated by marriage 431 -2 motivated by a significant ancestor 430 to Orthodox Judaism 11-12; from Progressive Judaism 433-4 in Poland 425-37 revoked 428 of Russian immigrants 428 self-understanding of Jewish identity 430 see also giyur Corrsin, Stephen D. 12,263 Council of Four Lands as religious institution 4 Council for the Publication of Hasidic Discourses (Va’ad Lehadpasat Derushei Hasidut) 323 Council of Torah Sages of Agudat Yisrael 301-2 Council of Yeshivas 299,308 Crown of Monomakh 124,125 (Fig. 8) culture, vernacular religious 14 Cylków, Izaak 269,277-8 Czartoryski, Józef 447-8 Czartoryski, Stanisław 453 537 Czerniaków, Adam 498 Czetwertyński, Prince 450-1 D Dąbski (parliamentarian) 473 Daczkiewiz, Paweł 447-52,455 Dankowicz, Szymon, R. 275-8 Dánsky, Miriam 364-5 David of Maków 59-64 David of Tolne, R. 67 death and
concentration camps, Nazi 522 see also Auschwitz; Chełmno; DoraNordhausen; Płaszów; Sobibór; Treblinka Dembowski, Leon 133 Der Israelit 360 Der moment 304 Deryid 375 Deutscher, Mordecai 391 Deutschländer, Leo 307,339-40,346,349-69 Deutschländer, R. Nathaniel 350 Devenishski, Ayzik Meyer (Vayten) 479 Dewald, Lieutenant 473,487 Dienna, R. Azriel 177 Dienna, Samson 177 Dinezon, Ya’akov 162 divorce in Jewish law 241-60 Dmowski, Roman 466 Dolyna, synagogue in 231 Dora-Nordhausen concentration camp 404 Douglas, Mary 154,170 Dov Ber of Bolechów (wine merchant) 18, 27 n. 66,133 Dov Ber of Lubavitch, R. (Mitteler Rebbe) 147-8,156 Poke’ahivrim 19t Dov Ber of Mezeritsh (of Torchyn, Magid of Mezeritsh (Międzyrzecz)) 152,156 custom of shoving after third sabbath meal (shtifen zikh) 63-4 dislike of beating 58-60 invitation to Old Kloyz in Rivne 224 and prophecy 217 Salomon Maimon’s visit to 51-5,133 Shneur Zalman’s relationship with 314,328 wearing white clothing 133 Dreifuss, Havi (Ben-Sasson) 403 dress: German 141 Russian 141-2 see also clothing, Jewish
SSS Drimmer, Solomon 140 Dubno, synagogue in 222-3 Dubnow, Simon 6, 58,60 Durkheim, Emile 154 Duschak, R. Moritz 257-8,275 Dworzecki, Meir Marek 496 E Ebert, Roger 523 edict ‘De non tolerandis Judaeis’ 451,453 Edict of Toleration (1789) 244 education, Jewish 296 for children in the Holocaust 391-2 for children in interwar Poland 290-1 for girls 288,341 ; see also Beit Ya’akov haredi opposition to secular 364 at home 341-4 for men, see yeshivas Orthodox 340-1 secular 508 teacher training 353-4 for women 300-8,376 Eger, Friedrich 242 Eibeschutz, R. David Solomon, Sefer harefuot 197 Eichenstein, R. Isaac Ayzik 144 Eichenstein, R. Tsevi Hirsh 144 Eilenberg-Eibeshitz, Anna (Chanka Landman) 410-20 Einhorn, Chaim 512 Eisenbach, Artur 4 Eisenberg, Israel 397-8 Eisenberg, Mali 403 Eisenstadt, R. Abraham Hirsh, of Białystok 180 Eisner, Beri (Beri Viroshover, Hoikhe Beri) 380, 390,396 Ekstein, Menahem 305 Elazar ben Azariah, R. 26 η. 64 Eleazar, R. 81 Eliade, Mircea 171,211 Elias, Norbert 100 Elijah of Khelm, R., Toledot adam 188 Elijah, Gaon of Vilna, R. 59,129,328 Elimelekh of Lizhensk (Leżajsk), R. 61,86-7 Elkes, Elhanan 500 Emanuel, Yona 417,422 employment on Saturdays 291 Ephraim Solomon of Luntshits (Łęczyca), R. 26 n. 63,182 Epstein, Aharon 208 Index Evsektsiya 299 expulsion of Jews from towns 446-7 F faith, weakening of 287 Falk, R. Joshua 182 Faloch, Moshe David 390 farbrengen (visit to rabbi), custom of 315-17,3234,327,33A334 exclusion of women 336 Scroll of 19 Kislev as substitute for 330 Feinstadt, Pinhas 392 Feivishof Uhnów 65 Felman, Shoshana 105 Final Solution 510-11
Finkelsztejn, A. 464,476-7 Firkovich, Abraham 10 Flatau, Izaak 264 Flesch, R. Moritz 288,301,344,366 Foa,Tuvyah 178 Foges, Baruch Benedikt 221-2 Folks-gezunt 499 Folman, Dawin 281 Foucault, Michel 429 Francis II, Emperor, and the Jews 246,248 Francis Joseph, Emperor, and the Jews 255 Frank, Jacob 9-10 Friede, Maria 228-9 Friedensohn, Yosef 392 Friedenson, Eliezer Gershon 341,347 Friedman, Arthur 224 Friedman, R. Dov Ber 210 Friedman, R. Israel, of Ruzhin 7-8,155,211 Friedman, Menachem 402 Fruchter, Solomon 121,143 Frumkin, Michael Levi (Rodkinson) 313,319 fur: and women 127 see also headwear, fur G Galicia, Jewish population 235-6 Ganzach Kidush Hashem 372 Gaon of Vilna, see Elijah, Gaon of Vilna Garfunkel-Glocer, Sabina 513 Garliński, Józef 524 Geffen, Ya’akov (Yankei, Yanchi) 391,393-7 Gellman, Uriel 79-80,211-і 2 Gelman, Mathias 373,380-1,391-3,396 genocide: and medicine, research on 501-6 term 501
Index Gerer Rebbe, see Alter, R. Abraham Mordecai Gerondi, R. Nişim 178 Gershenzon, Mikhail 479 get, delivery of, see divorce in Jewish law ghettos: Jewish births forbidden in 499 Jewish medical activity in 495-516 Judenrat 497-8,500 marriage in 411-12 not favoured by Goring and Heydrich 509 see also Kovno; Kraków; Łódź; Shavli; Szydłowiec; Theresienstadt; Vilna; Warsaw Gibson, Hugh 465,484,487-9,493 Gibson, Michael 465 Gierowski, Józef 524 Ginsburg, Moisey 226-7 giyur 427-37 Godiner, Samuel 322 Godson, Colonel 473,487 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 359 Golberg, Leizer 379-80 Gold, Ben-Zion 285,294,296,299 Goldberg, Abraham 466 Goldberg, Amos 497 Goldberg, Elisha (Elisha Bendiner) 380 Goldberg, Jakub 4-5 Goldgart, Moses 227 Goldschmidt, Abraham 277 Goluchowski, Agenor 255-6 Gombiner, R. Abraham Abele 125 η. 16 Gordon, S. 464,480,482,487,490 Goring, Hermann 509 Grace after Meals 97-116 Grassi, Ignaz 250 Green, Arthur 204,211 Greenberg, Gershon 403 Gries, Zeev 188-9 grimoires 187 Grodzinski, R. Hayim (Chaim) Ozer Grodzinski 308,468 Groziński, säröstä of Chełm 455-6 Gurary, Shermaryahu 336 Gurary, Shneur Zalman 313,324 Guser, Abram 477 Guterman, Alexander 12 Guterman, Isaac 392 Gutman, Samuel Wolf 269 H Habad 15 j-3,156-7,309-37 539 kasha festive meal of 333 Lubavitch 300 opposition to magic 191 tsadikim, tales about 319-20 see also Otwock; Scroll of 19 Kislev Hafets Hayim, see Kagan, R. Israel Meir Hagen, Wilhelm 497 Halbersberg, Hayim Isaiah 195-6 Halberstam, R. Ben-Zion (Bobover Rebbe) 295, 298,345-6 Halberstam, R. Hayim 161,207-8 Halberstam, Issachar Ber 161 Halberstam, R.
Solomon, of Bobov (Bobowa) 143 Halberstam, Yehezkel Shraga 161 Halberstam, R. Yekutiel Judah 120,161 Halevi, Abraham 99-100,104,106 Halevi, R. David 65 Hamuy, Abraham 198 Handeles, Leibel 394 Hanicher, R. Yossele 387 Hanikhei Yeshivat Tomkhei Temimim, see Association of the Students of the Tomkhei Temimim Yeshiva Hanukah 325 Hashomer Hadati 292 Hashomer Hatsa’ir 292,295 hasidim: Alexander 296,388 customs 196 fasts, extra 165-6 Gerer youth during Holocaust 371-99 Habad 166 hasid as homo ludens 51-75 headwear 133-9 identity 293-303 lifestyle, as based on Bible 206-7 membership 293-303 NaNah 64 recruitment of new 321-2 shaving heads on wedding day 162-3 shtifen zikh (exchange of pushes and shoves) 63-4 somersaulting 55-60 hasidism: Apt 157-60 Beizer і6і~з Bobover 143 Bratslaver 164,304 Gerer 94,294 Habad 309-37
540 hasidism (cont.)՛. hitkashrut, concept of 322-3 and joy 55-67 Karlin 155-7 Kosov 78 Kotsker 151-2,160 and magic 190,194 ‘mystical’ and ‘of faith’ 153 performative aspects of 203-18,329 ‘Polish’ 157 ‘practical’and‘intellectual’ 153 as a prophetic movement 217 Pshiskhe 77-96 Radziņ 163-5 Sadegura 15 5-6,161 scholarship on 4-9 self-renewal (hithadeshut), concept of 90-4 in Szydłowiec: underground hasidic activity during Holocaust 391-2 Tshernobil 150-1 see alsofarbrengen՛, pilgrimages; tish; tsadik Haskalah 134,186 see also maskilim Hatamim (journal) 322-5,327,330,334-5 Hayim Abraham, R. 147 Hayim Haikel of Amdur (Indura) 58,60,62 Hayim Mordecai, R. 180 Hayim of Volozhin, R. 183 Hayomyom 333-4 Hazon Ish, see Karelitz, Avraham Yeshayahu headwear, fur: Cossack 123 (Fig. 7) forbidden in Russia 139-42 Jewish 117-49 as mark of shame 119-23 Ukrainian 122 (Fig. 6) see also kolpik; shtrayml; spodik headwear, hasidic 133-9 see also kolpik՛, shtrayml՛, spodik health, public 506-7 Hebei, Johann Peter 352,359 Hebrew, press in 287 heder 290 attended by girls 341 Heilman, Hayim Meir 314 Heller, R. Samuel, Sefer refuot usegulot 197 Heller, R. Yom Tov Lipmann 124,182 Megilatevah 325 Hepstein, R. Ahrale 294-5 Herder, Johann Gottfried 352 Index heritage, Jewish artistic 220 Heshel, R. Avraham Yehoshua, of Apt 65,77 n. 2, 126-7,157-60,165-6,200,306 Heydrich, Reinhard 509 Hida, see Azulai, Hayim Yosef Hilberg, Raul 495 Hillel the Elder 84 Hirsch, R. Samson Raphael 344,359-60,364-6 Hirschler, Gertrude 421 Hirszfeld, Ludwik 498,512-13 hitkashrut, concept of, see hasidism Hitler, Adolf, attitude
to Jews 509 Hiya Me’ir ben David, R. 175 Hollaenderski, Léon 134-7 (Figs. t3՜15) Hollander, R. Shemuel Meir 144-6 Holocaust: Gerer youths in 371-99 hunger in ghettos, study of 498 Jewish medical activity during 495-516 memoirs 11; Orthodox 401-24 religious observance during 373-99 Torah study during 372-99 see also death camps; Final Solution; ghettos; kashrut observance; shemad Homberg, Herz 251 Home Army 405 Hoogstraten, Samuel Dirksz van 124 Hoover, Herbert 472 Hopsztajn, R. Israel, Magid of Kozienice 133 Horensztajn, Hayah Mushka 311-12 Horensztajn, Moses 311 Horowitz, R. Isaiah 101,158-9,165,179,182 Horowitz, Leah 11,17-50 Horowitz, Shemuel 67 n. 69 Huberband, R. Shimon 388-90 Hughes, Charles Evans 487 Hundert, Gershon 456 Hurwitz, Shalom David 384 Hurwitz, Yosef Yoizl 299,308 I Idei, Moshe 6,170 Igud Talmidéi Hatemimim, see Union of Temimim Students International Socialist Congress Commission on Vilna pogrom 491-2 interwar Jewish religious life, historiography of 289-90 Isaac ben Meir of Düren, Sha ’arei dura 181 Isaac Meir of Zinkov 159
Index Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, R. 180 Isaac of Neskhiz 158 Isaac of Vurke (Warka), R. 213 Ishmael, R. 179 Israel ben Eliezer, R., see Ba’al Shem Tov Israel of Krems, R. 176,180 Israel of Ruzhin, see Friedman, Israel of Ruzhin Isserles, R. Moses i8r Ivashkevish, Cornet 459 Iwański, Arkadiusz 477 Izraelita 269-73 J Jacob ben Asher, R. 19 Arba’ah turim 176-7 Jacob Isaac of Pshiskhe (‘the Yehudi’) 151 Jacques, Heinrich 256 Jadwin, Gen. Edwin 489-90,493 Jaffe, Lev 478,489 Jaffe, R. Mordecai 182 Jakobsohn, R. Benjamin Ze’ev 354,359,361-6 Jankielowicz, Modka 458-9 Jastrow, Markus 268,278 JDC, see Joint Distribution Committee Jedność 272 Jerusalem: Belz Great Synagogue 225-6 Great Bratslav Yeshiva 225 Hebron Keneset Israel Yeshivah 403 Temple 206-7 Jewish Agency 405 Jewish identity: nostalgia as identity-building tool 321 self-understanding of 430 ‘Jewish problem’ 525 ‘Jewish question’ 446 Jewish relations with Christians, see Christian— Jewish relations Joel of Zamość, R., Mifalot elohim 188-9 Johnson, Homer 489 Johnston, Robert 133-4 Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) 307,463-5, 5°7֊9 commission 487,489 summer camps 431 Joseph ben Jacob 229 Joseph II, Emperor 122 and marriage laws concerning Jews 237-44 Judaica Library (Warsaw) 280 541 Judaism, east European heterodox, scholarship on 9-10 see also hasidim; hasidism; Progressive Judaism Jung, R. Leo 302 Justiniani, Marco 176-7 Jutrzenka 272 К kabbalah 160 practical 187-202 Kagan, R. Israel Meir (Hafets Hayim) 296,301, 345 Kaidonover, Aaron Samuel 182 Kąkol, Kazimierz 524 Kalish, Ita 286 Kalisz: progressive prayer house 269
progressive synagogue 266,270 Kamelhar, R. Yekutiel Aruyeh 54-5 Kamionka, R. Mordecai Joseph 382 Kamyanka-Burka, synagogue in 231 Kamyar, R. Azriel 57-8 Kaplan, Chaim 511 Karaism, scholarship on 10 Karelitz, Abraham Yeshayahu, R. (Hazon Ish) 130,402-3 Karo, R. Joseph 180 Karski, Jan 525 kashrut, observance during Holocaust 419 Katz, Isaac 228 Katz,Jacob 6,13,418 Katz, R. Naftali Hakohen 98 Kauffman, Tsippi 80,84 Kaufman, David 466 Kaufman, R. Moses Yekutiel 124-6 Keren Hatorah 357,345,352,361,363 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 123 Khmelnytsky massacres 418 Kibel, Wolf 377,383 Kiddush 98 kidush hahayim (sanctification of life), concept of 419-20 kidush hashem (sanctification of the Divine Name), concept of 417-18 Kidushin, 1553 edition of tractate 178 Ki-Τον, Eliyahu 72 n. 82 Klausenberg, Dr 500 Klemenc, Marcin 459-60 Klüger, Herman 269,276,278 Klüger, Moritz 275
542 Index Kohn, Abraham 265 Kohn, Oskar 491 kolpik (fur headwear) 117,119 (Fig. 3), 130-1,161 Kopański, Stanisław 471,392 Korczak, Janusz 419 Korner, Eliasz 277 Kornitzer, R. Joseph Nehemiah 131-2 Korwin-Milewski, Hipolit 468 Kossakowski, Michał 465,468-9,475 Kostecki, Major 481 Kotik, Yehezkel 69-70 Koder, R. Aaron 408 Kovets lyubavitsh 336 Kovno (Kaunas): ghetto 500 Realgymnasium 351 Kozienice Magid, see Hopsztajn, R. Israel Kraków: progressive prayer house 268 synagogues 261 n. 1; progressive 262,265,270 teacher-training seminary 302-3,353,356-7 Kraków ghetto 389-90,394 Kramsztyk 278 Kravel-Tovi, Michal 428 Rremenchug (Krzemieńczuk), yeshiva in 317 Kristallnacht 509 Krugieler, Leib 69 Krzemieniec, oppression of Jews in 458-60 Krzyżanowski, Bronislaw 469 Kugler, Eve Rosenzweig 409-10 Kwiatkowski, Teodor 459 L Lakewood, NJ, Beth Medrash Govoha 408-9 Landau, R. Samuel 128,275 Landau, R. Yehezkel (Noda Biyehudah) 128-9, 130 (Fig. 10), 243-4 Landsberg, Eva 357 Langer, Lawrence 404 Lanzmann, Angélique 526 Lanzmann, Claude: films 521-6; see also Shoah obituary 521-6 Lanzmann, Félix 526 Lasker, R. Max 282 Lefkowitz, Meyer 143 legal codes 176-7 Lehmann, Meyer 359,366 Lehmann, Yissakhar Berend 120 Leib, Aryeh 105 Leiner, R. Gershon Hanokh 163-5 Leiner, Mordecai Joseph 164 Lemkin, Raphael 501 Leopold II, Emperor, and the Jews 244-5 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 359 Levertov, R., of Kraków 384 Levine, Yitshak 406 Levites, songs of 208-9,212 Levytska, Yelyzaveta 229 Liberman, Haim 17,324 Liebkind, Henryk 273-4 Lifschitz, Shmelka 397-8 Lilienblum, Moses Leib 185 Lilienthal, Max 134
Lindenberger, Resi 351-2 Lipschitz, Shabetai, Sefer hahayim hanikra segulot yisrael 194-5 Lipschitz, Yudl Shabetai 198 Łódź: havurot in 390 progressive synagogue in 266,268,270,280 Łódź ghetto 384,387,396,412,500 Loewenthal, Naftali 11 Lomdei Torah association 278 Londres, Albert 297 Lorenz,Jan il love: of one’s fellow 410-11 types of 91-2 Löw, R. Judah (Maharal) 182 Löwenstein, Bernard 276,278-9 Lubavitch (Lubawicze), Tomkhei Temimim yeshiva 315,327 Kovets lyubavitsh 336 Lublin 397,460 Yeshivat Hakhmei Lublin 297-9,380 Lubliner, H. 231 Lubomirski, Prince 223 Luck (Luts'k), conflict between starosta and burghers 447-55 Luria, Isaac 158 Luria, Solomon, R. 179,181 Lwów: Golden Rose Synagogue 231 progressive synagogue 262,265-6,270 synagogues in 220-1 M ma’amadot, recitation of 157-60,165-6 Machek, Antonin 128,129 (Fig. 9)
Index magic: bookson 185-202 dissemination by hasidic rabbis 194 opposition to 191-3 repudiation of 86-90 Magid of Mezeritsh, see Dov Ber Magid, Shaul 204 Magre, Judith 526 Maharal, see Löw, R. Judah Mahler, Raphael 4 Mahler, Teofila 262 Mahzikei Hadat 163 Maimon, Salomon 51-5,68,73-5,133 Maimonides 19,26 Mishnehtorah 176 Makower, Dr 481,486 Malageh, Hayim 58 Mandelstam, Benjamin 134 Manekin, Rachel 12,265 Marcus, Ahron 120 Margoliot, R. Ephraim Zalman 180 Margolioth, R. Meir 214 Margoshes, Yosef 130-1 Maria Theresa, Empress, and the Jews 235-6, 242 Markusen, Eric 503 marriage: arranged 343 clandestine 252-5,258-9 and conversion to Judaism 431-2 cross-group 162-3,167 in the ghetto 411-12 legislation, Austrian, effect on Jews of Galicia 235-60 mixed 241,251,258 permission for in Galicia 236-7 between relatives 244,246-7; in Jewish law 241-4 taxon 236-7,240,244 see also divorce in Jewish law; weddings Marshall, Louis 493 maskilim: anti-hasidic posture 5 and popular religion 186 religious beliefs of 12-13 on tsadikim 152-3 medicine: and genocide 501-6 Jewish, in ghettos 495-516 543 medical services forJews in the interwar period 507-9 Nazi, research on 496 Meierhenrich, Jens 502 Meir of Ostroh 214 Me’ir of Rothenburg, R. 176 Meisels, R. Dov Ber 128,13г (Fig. 11) memoirs, Orthodox, of the Holocaust 401-24 Menahem Mendel of Kosov, R. 77-96 Menahem Mendel of Kotsk, R. 151,164 Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk 58-9,328 Menahem Mendel of Vizhnits 161 Mendelsohn, Ezra 508 Mendelssohn, Moses 352 Ritualgesetze derJuden 239-40 Mevorakh, Joshua Boaz 177-8 Ein mishpat ner mitsvah 176 Mezhbizh
(Międzybóż), beit midrash of the Besht 225 Michalowska-Mycielska, Anna 456 Mieses, Izaak 277 migration and loss of tradition 286-7 Milejkowski, Izrael 498 miracles by tsadikim 86-90 mitnagedim 314,328 Mizrahi 313 Mocker, Joseph 222 modernity: haredi spiritualization of 401-24 and popular religion 185-202 modesty 360 Mondshine, Yehoshua 58,417 Montefiore, Moses 491 Mordecai ben Hillel 178 Mordekhai hagadol 175,177 Mordecai of Tshernobil 160-1 Morgenstern, Isaac Zelig 294 Morgenthau, Henry 465,467,472,475,484,486, 489-90 Morgenthau Commission 463-4,466,477-9, 487,489-90,493 Mościcki, Ignacy 132 Moses of Coucy, R., Sefer mitsvot gadol 176-7 Moses of Kobrin 69 Moshe of Boyan, R. 380 Moszyński, Franciszek 447-8 Muckerman, Fr. Friedrich 469 Murmelstein, R. Benjamin 525 Musar movement 299 Mykhailivka, synagogue in 229
Index 544 N Nach’lat Z’mi 365 Nahman of Bratslav, R. 68,86,225,329 grave in Uman (Humań) 304 Na Nah, followers of 64 Sefer hamidot 190-1 Nahman of Horodenka, R. 126 Neufeld, Daniel 273 Niger, Shmuel 479,489 Nissenbaum, R. Isaac 419-20 Noda Biyehudah, see Landau, R. Yehezkel Nussbaum, Hilary 12 О Odesser, Israel Dov 64 Ojczyzna 269-73 Opatów 395-6 Orlean, R. Judah Leib 340,357-8,365-6,368 Orthodoxy and secularization 13 Osmolowski, Jan 470,475,484-5,490 Osmolowski, Jerzy 464-5,470 Ottolengo,R. Joseph 177 Otwock 332 Centos orphanage 312 centre of an imagined Habad community 309-37 Habad yeshiva 311 Tomkhei Temimim yeshiva 313,321 P Paderewski, Ignacy 472,486 Pechersky, Aleksandr ‘Sasha’ Aronovich 525 Pedaya, Haviva 73 Pejsachowicz, Szmul 458-9 Pergen, Anton 236 periodicals, Polish Jewish 269-73 Perl,Joseph 249-50,254,265 Perlov, R. Israel, of Stolin 224 Petithory, Dominique 526 pidyonot payments 211-12,215-16 Piekarz, M. 95 pilgrimages: to courts of rabbis 322,343,378 to graves of rabbis 304 pilpul 180-2 Piłsudski, Jan 466 Piłsudski, Józef 469,471-2,476,480-1,485-6, 488,490,492-3 Piskor, Major 470 piyutim 271 Aramaic 35-8 plague 191 Płaszów 398-9,404 poetry, Yiddish 305-6 pogroms, see Vilna Polish Ministry of Art and Culture 230 Pollack, R. Jacob 180-1 Pollock, Karen 524 Polska Partia Socjalistyczna 482 Potashnik, David 299 Potashnik, Yankei 299 Prager, R. Moshe 372-4,380-1,397,403-6,411 Prager, Yehudah Leib 403 Prague, Old New Synagogue 221-2 Prashker, Solomon 396 prayer: Kaddish, addition to 165,167 loud vs. silent 155-7,168 Tahanun 314 women and 17-50 in Yiddish 38-41 see
also Grace after Meals; та 'amador, piyutim; psalms, recitation of; Tkhine imohos; tkhines prayer books 97,157-8,273-4 preachers 265,275-9 see also sermons Progressive Association in Lwów 281 Progressive Judaism 12 Central Union of Progressive Synagogues in Poland 280,283 conversion from to Orthodox Judaism 433-4 Progressive Association in Lwów 281 World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ) 281-2 progressive synagogues, see Kalisz; Kraków; Łódź; Lwów; Przemyśl; Stanisławów; synagogues; Tarnopol; Warsaw Przemyśl, progressive synagogue in 266,268,270 psalms, recitation of 166 Purim 325-6 R Rabinovitch, R. Yitshak Ya’akov 118 (Fig. 1) Rabinowich, Abraham 384 Raczkiewicz 475,490 Radyvyliv, Great Synagogue 226-9 Radziwiłł, Karol Stanisław 457 Raižei bat Heschel 18 Rapoport, R. Solomon Judah Leib (Shir) 128, 129 (Fig. 9) Rapoport-Albert, Ada 151-2 obituary 527-8
Index Rappoport, Yitshak 435 Rashi 174-6,178,180-1,359 refugees: during First World War 287-8 from Russia 299,311 from the Soviet Union 307 Reines, R. Isaac Jacob 287 Rekhtman, Avrom 222,226 religion: Jewish folk 12 migration and loss of tradition 286-7 Orthodoxy and secularization 13 popular, and modernity 185-202 women’s opposition to 341-4 religious life, egalitarian aspects of 14 Renaudel, Pierre 465,491 Renaudel Commission 468 Reshit hokhmah 98 resistance movement 499 rhetoric,Judaeophobic 443,445-6 Ricchi, Immanuel Hai, Mishnat hasidim 191 Richardson, James T. 435 Ringelblum, Emanuel 495 rituals and customs, Jewish 15,97 burial of damaged holy objects 227-8 hasidic, as identity-markers 151-71 for meals, 97-116; printed broadside 102 (Fig. 1), 103-4 vernacular culture 14 Rivne, Old Kloyz synagogue 224-5 Rottenberg, R. Hayim 227 Roke’ah, R. Aaron 225 Roke’ah, R. Issachar Dov, of Belz 162,345 Roke’ah, R. Mordecai 389 Roke’ah, R. Shalom (Sar Shalom) 163,225 Roke’ah, Yehoshua, of Belz 161-2 Ronald Lauder Foundation 426 Rosanes, Judith 18 Rose, Hansi 359-60 Rosen, Eljezer 477 Rosen, Michael 81 Rosenbaum,Judith (Grunfeld) 339,342-3,352, 354-7,362,364-5 Rosenberg, Yudl, Sefer refa ’el hamalakh 196-8 Rosenzweig, Franz 217-18 Rosman, Moshe 7,10-11,205 Rossel, Maurice 525 Rostov-on-Don, yeshiva 317 Różański, Przemysław 463,466-7,479-80,488, 490-1,494 545 Rubinstein, R. Izaak 477,479-80,485,488, 490-1,494 Rydz-Śmigly, commander of Polish troops 476 S Sadan, Dov 259 Safrin, R. Isaac Ayzik, of Komárno 214 Salant, R. Samuel 128-9, U2 (Fig· 12) Samelsohn, Szymon 274 Samuel, Stuart,
and Samuel Commission on Vilna pogrom 465-93 Samuel of Sélestat (Schlettstadt), R. 177 Sarna, R. Yehezkel 403 Scharf, Rafael 524 Schenirer, Sarah 11,288,300-2,339-69 legacy 365-9 myth of 348 Schiller, Friedrich 359 Schlesinger, R. Akiva Joseph 138-9 Schmukler, Leib 57-8 Schneersohn, R. Joseph Isaac 300,309-13, 316-29,331-7,405 Schneersohn, Menahem Nahum, of Nizhyn 326 Schneersohn, Shalom Dovber 315-17,327 Schneerson, Hayah Mushka 311 Schneerson, R. Menachem Mendel 311,335-7, 406,408 Schneerson, Sheyna 312 Schneider, David 429 Scholem, Gershom 6,151 on hasidism 4 school system: Orthodox 296 see also Beit Ya’akov Schorr, Mojżesz 280 Schrobsdorff, Angelika 526 Schwartzman, Meyer 356 Scroll of i9Kislev 309-37 secularization: fear of 290 reaction to of Orthodox Jews 292 Sefer razi’el hamalakh 191 Seferrefuot 191 Segal, Aryeh Leib 100 Segal, R. David 98 Segal, YehielMikhl 99-101,104,107 Segal-Horowitz, R. Mordecai 19 Segal-Horowitz, R. Yokel ben Meir 18-19 Seidman, Hillel 367
54б Index sermons: German 264-6 guest 269 in Polish 264—7,273,275-6 Shabetai ben Binyamin 18 shaleshudes (third sabbath meal) 213,218 Shapira, Kalman 499 Shapira, R. Kalonymus Kalmish, of Piaseczno 65-6,209,214,216-17,303-4,308 Shapira, R. Meir 297-8,308,373 Shapira, R. Pinhas, of Korets (Korzec) 144 Shapiro, R. David 418 Shapiro, Ya’akov 394 Shaul, Michal 348,402,410,412 Shavei Israel 426,434-5 Shavli ghetto 499-500 Shaw, Thomas 491 Sheinfeld, Moshe 394 Shekalim (talmudic tractate) 179 Shekhinah 25-6,28,37-8,92,205 shemad (religious persecution), time of, difference between Poland and Germany 385 Shimon bar Yohai, R. 23 Shinover, Shmuel (Shmuel of Sieniawa), R. 77, 93,212 Shklarczik, Mordecai 397 Shneur Zalman of Liady, R. 86 arrest and imprisonment 309,313-14,318, З27-9,332,337 conflict with Solomon of Karlin 156-7 ‘Nigunarbabavot’ 316,331-2 portrait of 334 ruling that shtrayml required when reading the Torah 147 on somersaulting 59-60 stories about 313 Tanya 330,333 Shnur, Alter (Israel Dov Itzinger) 306-7 Shoah (film dir. Lanzmann) 521-5 Shomeryisra ’el, see Auerbach Shor, Alexander 159 Shor, Avraham Abish 58,63-4,156,168 shtetl, the, disappearance of 286 shtrayml (fur headwear) 118 (Fig. ։) analogy with tejilin 144-5 as appropriate for rabbis 12:8-32 fashionsin 117-49 as a gift 126-7 andhasidim 142-4 modern 121 (Fig. 5) number of tails 146 as part of wedding ritual 145 as religious object 144-8 for sleeping 144-5,147 see also headwear, fur Shulhan arukh 19,25, tot, 180,183,249,387 Simhah Bunem of Pshiskhe (Przysucha), R. 77-80,86,90,93-5,151,161,212 Simner, R.
Zechariah, of Plungian, Sefer zekhirah 188-9 Sír, František 128,130 (Fig. 10) Sirkes, Joel, R. 179 Slavuta, synagogue in 223-4 Smith, Jonathan Z. 153-4,170-1 Smolenskin, Peretz 71 Smolka, Franciszek 269 Smotrych, synagogue in 228-9 Sobibór death camp 525 Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland (Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludnościej w Polsce; TOZ) 498,507-8 Sofer, Ephraim 224 Sofer, R. Shimon 130 Solomon of Karlin 156-7,166 Soncino, Gershom 175 Soncino,Joshua Г74-5 Soncino family 178 songs, Polish, in synagogues 267 Sperling, Abraham Isaac, of Lwów, Ta 'amei hamingahim untékor hodinim 196 Spitzer, Salomon 271,274 spodik (fur headwear) 117,118 (Fig. 2), 128,130, 132,161 Srebrnik, Szymon 523 Stanislaw August Poniatowski, King, reforms 442-3,445-7 Stanisławów: progressive synagogue in 266,268-70 synagogue 262 starosta, judicial authority of 444-61 Statman, Daniel 514 Stępniak, Sergey 200 stereotypes of Jews 432 Sternbuch, Gutta 341 Stier, Pinche 385 Stockhamer, R. Samson 418 Stone, Daniel 457 storytelling 329 Strauch, Fabian 273
Index Straus, Scott 503-4 Strauss, Hermann 499 Streit, Leon 262,269 Stroop, Jürgen 397,403 Suchomel, Franc 523 Swerczek 487 Swerczek, Ronald Emil 465 Świniarski, Micha! 446 synagogues 15 choirs in 264-6 Conservation of 219-20 harmoniums in 265-6 mixed choirs in 265-6 organsin 264,266 Polish songs in 267 prayer books in 273-4 preachers in 275-9 progressive, in Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland 261-83 see also Dolyna; Dubno; Jerusalem; Kalisz; Kamyanka-Burka; Kraków; Łódź; Lwów; Mykhailivka; preachers; Przemyśl; Radyvyliv; Rivne; sermons; Slavu ta; Smotrych; Stanisławów; Tarnopol; Vilna; Warsaw; Wroclaw Szabad, Dr 476,480-9,492 Szeptycki, Stanislaw 466 Sztejn, Rojza 477 Szydłowiec: ghetto 392 underground hasidic activity during Holocaust 391-2 Szyma, Tadeusz 524 T Taglit-Birthright trips to Israel 430-1 Tahanun, see prayer Talmud: Babylonian: early printed versions 174-9; manuscripts of 174 Jerusalem 179-80 legal texts added to 175-80 Vilna 173-83 Tarnopol, progressive synagogue 265-6 Taubeles, Samuel Aron 276,278 Tauber, S.D. 278 tax, see marriage: tax on ‘Teheran children’ 405-6 Teitelbaum, Bernard 231 547 Teitelbaum, R. Yoel 209 tekhelet fringe 163-5 Teller, Adam 442 Theresienstadt ghetto 525 medical system in 499 Thon,Ozjasz 277 tish (rebbe’s table) 208,294,329 Tkhineimohos 17-50 tkhines, 17-50 Yiddish 38-41 Tokarczuk, Olga 9 Tomaszewski,Jerzy 524 Tomhard, Captain 489 torah im derekh erets philosophy 340,344,349, 35։,354,358֊б9 Torah study 296,340,407 during the Holocaust 372-99 women and 17-5°, 343,345,349 Tosafists 174-6,179,181 Totten, Samuel 503-4 Towarzystwo Ochrony
Zdrowia Ludnościej w Polsce, see Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland towns, private and royal 443-6 TOZ, see Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland tradition, abandonment of 285-308 Treblinka death camp 522-3 Trunk, Yehiel Yeshaya 72-3 truth, Pshiskhe concept of 82-6 tsadik՛. argument whether like Jesus 204-5 court as substitute for Jerusalem 210-12 feasting and drinking 213-14 Habad, tales about 319-20 kol (all), attribute of 84-6,88 and magic 77-96,190 miracles by 86-90 pidyonot payments to 211-12,215-16 pilgrimage to 208-12 as replacing sage 207-8 role of 77-96 sermon as receiving Torah on Mount Sinai 215 soul roots of 152 table in place of altar 207-9,294,329 see alsofarbrengen tsadikim, Habad, tales about 319-20 tsadikism, materialist 78 Tse’irei Ágúdat Yisra’el (Agudat Yisrael Youth) 294 351
548 Index Tsenah menah 19 Tsevi Elimelekh of Dinov, R. 417 tsitsit commandment 163 Turner, Victor 70 Turnheim, R. Yissakhar Dov, of Wolbórz 213 Turowicz, Jerzy 524 Twersky, R. Ya’akov Yitshak, of Makarov 120 (Fig. 120) Twersky, Yitshak Menahem Nahum, of Shpikov 162 U Union of Rabbis with Higher Education in Poland 280 Union of Temimim Students (Igud Talmidéi Hatemimim) 322 Uri of Strelsk (Strzeliska Nowa) 155 V Va’ad Lehadpasat Derushei Hasidut, see Council for the Publication of Hasidic Discourses Vilímková, Milada 222 Vitaa: Eliaszew synagogue 484 Gaonsynagogue 484 pogrom of 19—21 April 1919 463-94 Vilna Gaon, see Elijah, Gaon of Vilna Vilna ghetto 496 Hekdesh Hospital 499 medical system in 499 Vital, R. Hayim 101,191 W Walden, Aaron 200 Warnian, Chaim 480 Warsaw: Beit Warszawa 426,431,433 Danilowiczowska Street synagogue 262,264, 268-9,273, 27б 278,280 Ec Chaim synagogue 426,433 Habad yeshiva 300,312 Metivtayeshiva 297,376 Nalewki Street synagogue 264,273,275,277 Orthodox Nożyk Synagogue 426,433 progressive synagogue in 268,270,426,431, 433 Tlomackie Street synagogue 261 n. 1,264, 268-9,281 Tomkhei Temimim yeshiva 310-11,321 yeshiva of R. Kalonymus Shapira 303 Warsaw ghetto 397,403,419,510-11 Bersohn and Bauman Children’s Hospital 497,51З Czyste Jewish Hospital 497 medical system in 497-8 uprising 404 Warshauer, Jonathan 268 Wasser, Ozjasz 281 Weber, Maurycy 274 Weber de Rittersdorf, Johann 457 weddings: ceremony 163 customs 145 Weil, Nathaniel 182 Weiss,Joseph 153 Weisshof 277 Weitz, Israel 390 wigs 162 Wilensky, Mordecai 58 Wiszniewicz, Joanna 291 Włodzimierz 453
Wojciechowicz, R. Stas 429 Wolf, Lucien 491 Wolf, Michał 274 Wołkonowski, Jarosław 463,466,478,494 women: education for 339-69 excluded fromfarbrengen 336 forbidden to sing before men outside family 410 and fur 127 hasidic attitude to 51-75 modesty 360 nakedness in Auschwitz 414 opposition to religion 341-4 and prayer 17-50 scholarship on 11-12 see also Horowitz, Leah; marriage; weddings; wigs World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ) 281-2 World Union of Habad Hasidim and Temimim 333 Wright, P. 473,49։ Wróblewski, Andrzej Krzysztof 524 Wroclaw, Orthodox synagogue 434 Wulf, Joseph 497 Wygodzki,Jakub 464,467-9,472,475,480-2, 489,49։ Wyrozumski, Jerzy, obituary 519-20 Wyszczelski, Leon 464,470
Index Y Yalkut ¡himoni 19 Yavneh 305 Yerahmiel Mosheh of Kozienice, R. 64 yeshivas: Ashkenazi 175 Beit Yosef 299 hasidic, in interwar Poland 296-300 Lithuanian 9,308 non-hasidic 298-9 ¡ee aho Jerusalem; Kremenchug; Lakewood, NJ; Lubavitch; Lublin; Otwock; Rostov-onDon; Warsaw Yeshivat Hakhmei Lublin 373,397 Yiddish: language 360; banned 484 prayers in 38-41 pressin 287 Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut (YIVO) 467, 482 archives 463 Yohanan Twersky of Tolne-Bayit Vagan, R. 66-7 Yom Tov of Seville, R. 178 Yose, R. 215 549 Young Agudat Yisrael in Riga 332 youth movements 288,292-3,347,374,376 Z Zaks, Veivel 227 Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich, ¡ее Civilian Administration of the Eastern Lands Zasztowt (activist) 482 Zeitlin, Hillel 304-5 Zemba, R. Menahem 418 Zemir arinim veharvot Hurim 55—6 Zhitnitsky, R. Yehiel Manes 387 Zholtovsky, Pavlo 225 Zilber, R. Raphael, of Freiman 209 Zilbersztejn, Sara 262 Zionism 287 Zionist Organization in Lwów 220 Zionists 403 Zohar 19,24-5,91,101 Żółtowski, Adam 466 Zuckerman, Yitzhak 523 Zusha of Annopol 329 Zweig, Stefan 359 Zygmunt I the Old, King of Poland 120-1 Bayerische I Staatsbibliothek München j |
| adam_txt |
Contents Note on Place Names xii Note on Transliteration xv PART I JEWISH RELIGIOUS LIFE IN POLAND SINCE 1750 Introduction 3 ADA RAPOPORT-ALBERT AND MARCIN WODZIŃSKI THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Leah Horowitz’s Tkhine Imohos: A Proto-Feminist Demand to Increase Jewish Women’s Religious Capital 17 MOSHE ROSMAN ‘A girl! He ought to be whipped’: The Hasid as Homo Ludens 51 DAVID ASSAF Individualism, Truth, and the Repudiation of Magic as the Tsadik's Prerogative: Pshiskhe-Like Elements in the Theology of Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Kosov 77 BENJAMIN BROWN Table Talk and the Bond of Reading: A Jewish Broadsheet for Meals 97 AVRIEL BAR-LEVAV THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Shtrayml: An Ethnographic Tale of Law and Ritualization 117 LEVI COOPER The Narcissism of Small Differences? Rituals and Customs as Hasidic Identity-Markers 151 GADI SAGIV The Vilna Talmud as a Reflection of Changing Patterns of Study EDWARD FRAM 173
xii Contents Popular Religion and Modernity: Jewish Magic Books in Eastern Europe in the Nineteenth Century 185 URIEL GELLMAN Hasidic Performance as a Reconstruction of Biblical Life 203 DANIEL REISER Preserving a Synagogue: Cultural, Material, and Sacred Values 219 SERGEY R. KRAVTSOV The Laws of Moses and the Laws of the Emperor: Austrian Marriage Legislation and the Jews of Galicia 235 RACHEL MANEKIN A Forgotten Network? New Perspectives on Progressive Synagogues in Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland 261 ALICJA MAŚLAK-MACIEJEWSKA І914-І939 To Enlist the Enthusiasm of the Young: Orthodox Jewish Non-Political Responses to the Challenges of Interwar Poland 285 GERSHON BACON The Scroll of 19 Kislev and the Construction of an Imagined Habad Lubavitch Community in Interwar Poland. 309 WOJCIECH TWOREK At the Centre of Two Revolutions: Beit Ya’akov in Poland between Neo-Orthodoxy and Ultra-Orthodoxy 339 IRIS BROWN (hOIZMAN) HOLOCAUST AND POST-HOLOCAUST Gerer Youths in the Holocaust: A Representative Blind Spot in Holocaust Research 371 HAVI DREIFUSS The Afterlife of Religion: Memoirs of the Holocaust and the Haredi Spiritualization of Modernity 401 NAFTALI LOEWENTHAL Being and Becoming: Polish Conversions to Judaism and the Dynamics of Affiliation JAN LORENZ 425
Contents xiii PART II NEW VIEWS Foul-Weather Friends: Reinterpreting Jewish-Christian Urban Interaction in the Final Decades of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 441 CURTIS G. MURPHY The Vilna Pogrom of 19-21 April 1919 463 SZYMON RUDNICKI Jewish Medical Activity in the Ghettos under the Nazi Regime: Characteristics and Broad Historical Context 495 MIRIAM OFFER PART III OBITUARIES Jerzy Wyrozumski 519 ANTONY POLONSKY Claude Lanzmann 521 ANTONY POLONSKY Ada Rapoport-Albert 527 DAVID ASSAF Notes on the Contributors 529 Index 535
Index A Aaron ‘the Great’ of Karlin 52 n. 3,60,63 Aaron (the Second) of Karlin 155 Aaron Halevi of Staroselye 156 Abraham Gershon of Kuty 68 Abraham ibn Ezra 23 η. 29 Abraham Jacob of Sadegura, R. 73-4 n. 88,155 Abraham of Kalisk 58-60,156 Abraham of Slonim, R. 69 Abraham of Trisk (Turzysk) 165,167 Abramowicz, Witold 471 Abramowicz, Władysław 492 Abramsky, R. Yehezkel 364 Abras, Ozjasz 277 Adelkind, Daniel 178 Aescoli, Aaron Ze’ev 72 Agnon, S. Y. 120-1 Agudas Achim association 271,274 Agudat Yisrael (Agudas Yisroel) 288,291-3,301, 306,340,352-3,357-8,367,375 adoption of Beit Ya’akov schools 345-6 Agudat Yisrael Girls, see Benot Agudat Yisra’el Agudat Yisrael Youth, see Tse’irei Agudat Yisra’el Ahad Ha’am (Asher Hirsh Ginsberg) 73-4 n. 88 Akiva, R. 408,418 alcohol monopoly, disputes about 455-7 Alexander I, Tsar 141 Alexander II, Tsar 200 Alfasi, R. Isaac 178 Allerhand, Maurycy 231-2 All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee 229 Alsberg, Henry 464 Alter, R. Abraham Mordecai (Gerer Rebbe; Imrei Emes) 294,308,342,345,375-9,4°3,4°5 Alter, R. Isaac Meir (Rim) 372,396 Alter, Israel, R. 378,405 Alter, Lieber 383 Alter, R. Ya’akov Aryeh 118 (Fig. 2) Althaus, Eliyahu Hayim 331-2 Altman, Abraham 395 Anderson, Benedict 309 An-sky, S. 222,226,228-9,289 antisemitism: Christian 525 Nazi 525 in Paris 521 in Poland 491,509 in Vilna 469 see also Christian-Jewish relations appearance, Jewish 411 maintained during Holocaust 382-400,404 Apt, see Opatów Arad,Yitshak 379 Aramaic, prayers in 35-8 Asher ben Yehiel, R. 175-82 Pisket harosh 177 Ashkenazy, Severyn 433 Assaf, David 7-8 assimilation 291
Association of Jewish Physicians 508 Association of the Students of the Tomkhei Temimim Yeshiva (Hanikhei Yeshivat Tomkhei Temimim) 317-18 Auerbach, R. Israel Matityahu, Shomeryisra 'el 194 Auschwitz death camp 393,405,522 imagined Wer in 416 nakedness of women in 414 Avrutin, Eugene 442 Awin, Józef 220-1,230-2 Azulai, Hayim Yosef (Hida) 105 В Ba’al Shem Tov (the Besht; Israel ben Eliezer) 93, 124,126,224,328 as seen by Romantics 5 beit midrash in Mezhbizh (Międzybóż) Ζ25 historiography 7, Í99,213-14 joking reference to beating 68 and magic 189-90,192 pilgrimage to 208-9 Bach, Alexander von 254-5 Bais Yaakov, see Beit Ya’akov Bakban, Majer 12,220,262 Barukh, Isaac 105
53б Basan, Zadok 128,132 (Fig. 12) Batyah 347 Bauer, Yehuda 501 Baumel, Judith 421 beards 141 see also appearance, Jewish beating: joking reference to by the Besht 68 ordered by rabbi 52-5 as sign of joy 67-75 Beer-Hofmann, Richard 359 Beinish, R. Benjamin, of Krotshin, Shem tov katan 188 BeitYa’akov 305,376 early history 340 schools 11,300-3,307,339-69 summer courses 355 Belina-Prażmowski, Colonel 470-1 Beizer Rebbe, see Roke’ah, R. Issachar Dov Ben-Sefer, Ellen 421 Benedict XIV, Pope, on mixed marriages 251 Benisch, Pearl 342,421 Benot Ágúdat Yisra’el (Bnoys Agudas Yisroel; Agudat Yisrael Girls) 302,347 Benski family 477 bentsherlekh (blessing booklets) 99 Berdyczewski, Micha Yosef 72,352 Berger, Israel 200 Bergman, Stefan 463,478-9 Bernstein, Herman 485 Bersohn, Mathias 219-20 Bertinoro, R. Obadiah 19,26 Besht, the, see Ba’al Shem Tov Betsalel, R. Moshe 382,388-9 Beyer, Karol 128,131 (Fig. 11) Biberfeld, R. Eduard 351 Bieberstein, Aleksander 398 Billikopf, Jacob 464 Blady-Szwajger, Adina 513 Bleich, Judith 422 Blumenthal, Tsilah 380 Bnoys Agudas Yisroel, see Benot Agudat Yisra’el Bobover Rebbe, see Halberstam, R. Ben-Zion Bogen, Boris 465,487-8 Boguchwalski,Józef 456 Bolsheviks: in Poland 491 in Vilna 466-77 Bolshevism 467 Bomba, Abraham 523 Index Bomberg, Daniel 175 ‘bond of reading’, definition 105 Borwicz, Michal 524 Brandstetter, Mordecai David 71-2 Brandt, Emanuel 222 Braude, Markus 275,277,280 Braun, R. Israel, of Zawiercie 390 Brawer, Avraham Ya’akov 259-60 Brayer, R. Nahum Dov 119 (Fig. 3) Breiter, Isaac 304 Breşler, Moses 222 Breuer, Isaac 359,367 Brin, Yossele
398 Brody, Richard 522 Brown (Hoizman), Iris 11 Browning, Christopher R. 510 Bruegel the Elder, Pieter 123 Brumberg, Abe 524 Buber, Martin 151-2,352 Buckser, Andrew 428 burial, see cemeteries Buxhoeveden, Fedor von 459 C Camhi, Leslie 522 Çaplan, Kimmy 403 Carlebach, R. Joseph Hirsch 351,357 Caro,Jecheskiel 269,275-6 Castro, Jessica 503 Catholic clergy in Warsaw, offer of hiding place declined 418-19 cemeteries: burial of damaged holy objects in Jewish 227-8 ritual encircling of 329 Central Relief Committee 312 Central Society for the Care of Orphans 508 Central Union of Progressive Synagogues in Poland 280,283 charms, see magic: books on Chetmno concentration camp 522-3 childbirth, Nazi prohibition against in ghetto 499 Christian-Jewish relations: billeting of soldiers, conflicts over 441,453-4, 459 inChehn 455-8 expulsion of Jews from towns 446-7 perceptions of Jews in Christian folk cultures 12 stereotypes of Jews 432 in urban settings 441-61
Index Christian Union of Workers 469 Chromowiczjan 448-9,455 Churchill, Winston 132 CIS Holocaust Diary project 409-14 Civilian Administration of the Eastern Lands (Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich) 465, 468 clothing,Jewish: hasidic 133-9,141-2 traditional, taxed 140 white 133,163-4 woollen 138 see also appearance, Jewish; headwear, fur; shtrayml·, tekhelet fringe; tsitsit commandment; wigs Cohen, Nava 497 Comaroff, John and Jean 427 Commission for the Preservation of Jewish Art 231-2 Committee for the Defence of the Eastern Borderlands 465 Confederation of Bar 454 conversion to Catholicism 9,238 and marriage 241-2 conversion to Christianity 134,258 and divorce 247-51 pressure for 446 conversion to Judaism: authority to approve 432-5 courts for 427 motivated by marriage 431 -2 motivated by a significant ancestor 430 to Orthodox Judaism 11-12; from Progressive Judaism 433-4 in Poland 425-37 revoked 428 of Russian immigrants 428 self-understanding of Jewish identity 430 see also giyur Corrsin, Stephen D. 12,263 Council of Four Lands as religious institution 4 Council for the Publication of Hasidic Discourses (Va’ad Lehadpasat Derushei Hasidut) 323 Council of Torah Sages of Agudat Yisrael 301-2 Council of Yeshivas 299,308 Crown of Monomakh 124,125 (Fig. 8) culture, vernacular religious 14 Cylków, Izaak 269,277-8 Czartoryski, Józef 447-8 Czartoryski, Stanisław 453 537 Czerniaków, Adam 498 Czetwertyński, Prince 450-1 D Dąbski (parliamentarian) 473 Daczkiewiz, Paweł 447-52,455 Dankowicz, Szymon, R. 275-8 Dánsky, Miriam 364-5 David of Maków 59-64 David of Tolne, R. 67 death and
concentration camps, Nazi 522 see also Auschwitz; Chełmno; DoraNordhausen; Płaszów; Sobibór; Treblinka Dembowski, Leon 133 Der Israelit 360 Der moment 304 Deryid 375 Deutscher, Mordecai 391 Deutschländer, Leo 307,339-40,346,349-69 Deutschländer, R. Nathaniel 350 Devenishski, Ayzik Meyer (Vayten) 479 Dewald, Lieutenant 473,487 Dienna, R. Azriel 177 Dienna, Samson 177 Dinezon, Ya’akov 162 divorce in Jewish law 241-60 Dmowski, Roman 466 Dolyna, synagogue in 231 Dora-Nordhausen concentration camp 404 Douglas, Mary 154,170 Dov Ber of Bolechów (wine merchant) 18, 27 n. 66,133 Dov Ber of Lubavitch, R. (Mitteler Rebbe) 147-8,156 Poke’ahivrim 19t Dov Ber of Mezeritsh (of Torchyn, Magid of Mezeritsh (Międzyrzecz)) 152,156 custom of shoving after third sabbath meal (shtifen zikh) 63-4 dislike of beating 58-60 invitation to Old Kloyz in Rivne 224 and prophecy 217 Salomon Maimon’s visit to 51-5,133 Shneur Zalman’s relationship with 314,328 wearing white clothing 133 Dreifuss, Havi (Ben-Sasson) 403 dress: German 141 Russian 141-2 see also clothing, Jewish
SSS Drimmer, Solomon 140 Dubno, synagogue in 222-3 Dubnow, Simon 6, 58,60 Durkheim, Emile 154 Duschak, R. Moritz 257-8,275 Dworzecki, Meir Marek 496 E Ebert, Roger 523 edict ‘De non tolerandis Judaeis’ 451,453 Edict of Toleration (1789) 244 education, Jewish 296 for children in the Holocaust 391-2 for children in interwar Poland 290-1 for girls 288,341 ; see also Beit Ya’akov haredi opposition to secular 364 at home 341-4 for men, see yeshivas Orthodox 340-1 secular 508 teacher training 353-4 for women 300-8,376 Eger, Friedrich 242 Eibeschutz, R. David Solomon, Sefer harefuot 197 Eichenstein, R. Isaac Ayzik 144 Eichenstein, R. Tsevi Hirsh 144 Eilenberg-Eibeshitz, Anna (Chanka Landman) 410-20 Einhorn, Chaim 512 Eisenbach, Artur 4 Eisenberg, Israel 397-8 Eisenberg, Mali 403 Eisenstadt, R. Abraham Hirsh, of Białystok 180 Eisner, Beri (Beri Viroshover, Hoikhe Beri) 380, 390,396 Ekstein, Menahem 305 Elazar ben Azariah, R. 26 η. 64 Eleazar, R. 81 Eliade, Mircea 171,211 Elias, Norbert 100 Elijah of Khelm, R., Toledot adam 188 Elijah, Gaon of Vilna, R. 59,129,328 Elimelekh of Lizhensk (Leżajsk), R. 61,86-7 Elkes, Elhanan 500 Emanuel, Yona 417,422 employment on Saturdays 291 Ephraim Solomon of Luntshits (Łęczyca), R. 26 n. 63,182 Epstein, Aharon 208 Index Evsektsiya 299 expulsion of Jews from towns 446-7 F faith, weakening of 287 Falk, R. Joshua 182 Faloch, Moshe David 390 farbrengen (visit to rabbi), custom of 315-17,3234,327,33A334 exclusion of women 336 Scroll of 19 Kislev as substitute for 330 Feinstadt, Pinhas 392 Feivishof Uhnów 65 Felman, Shoshana 105 Final Solution 510-11
Finkelsztejn, A. 464,476-7 Firkovich, Abraham 10 Flatau, Izaak 264 Flesch, R. Moritz 288,301,344,366 Foa,Tuvyah 178 Foges, Baruch Benedikt 221-2 Folks-gezunt 499 Folman, Dawin 281 Foucault, Michel 429 Francis II, Emperor, and the Jews 246,248 Francis Joseph, Emperor, and the Jews 255 Frank, Jacob 9-10 Friede, Maria 228-9 Friedensohn, Yosef 392 Friedenson, Eliezer Gershon 341,347 Friedman, Arthur 224 Friedman, R. Dov Ber 210 Friedman, R. Israel, of Ruzhin 7-8,155,211 Friedman, Menachem 402 Fruchter, Solomon 121,143 Frumkin, Michael Levi (Rodkinson) 313,319 fur: and women 127 see also headwear, fur G Galicia, Jewish population 235-6 Ganzach Kidush Hashem 372 Gaon of Vilna, see Elijah, Gaon of Vilna Garfunkel-Glocer, Sabina 513 Garliński, Józef 524 Geffen, Ya’akov (Yankei, Yanchi) 391,393-7 Gellman, Uriel 79-80,211-і 2 Gelman, Mathias 373,380-1,391-3,396 genocide: and medicine, research on 501-6 term 501
Index Gerer Rebbe, see Alter, R. Abraham Mordecai Gerondi, R. Nişim 178 Gershenzon, Mikhail 479 get, delivery of, see divorce in Jewish law ghettos: Jewish births forbidden in 499 Jewish medical activity in 495-516 Judenrat 497-8,500 marriage in 411-12 not favoured by Goring and Heydrich 509 see also Kovno; Kraków; Łódź; Shavli; Szydłowiec; Theresienstadt; Vilna; Warsaw Gibson, Hugh 465,484,487-9,493 Gibson, Michael 465 Gierowski, Józef 524 Ginsburg, Moisey 226-7 giyur 427-37 Godiner, Samuel 322 Godson, Colonel 473,487 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 359 Golberg, Leizer 379-80 Gold, Ben-Zion 285,294,296,299 Goldberg, Abraham 466 Goldberg, Amos 497 Goldberg, Elisha (Elisha Bendiner) 380 Goldberg, Jakub 4-5 Goldgart, Moses 227 Goldschmidt, Abraham 277 Goluchowski, Agenor 255-6 Gombiner, R. Abraham Abele 125 η. 16 Gordon, S. 464,480,482,487,490 Goring, Hermann 509 Grace after Meals 97-116 Grassi, Ignaz 250 Green, Arthur 204,211 Greenberg, Gershon 403 Gries, Zeev 188-9 grimoires 187 Grodzinski, R. Hayim (Chaim) Ozer Grodzinski 308,468 Groziński, säröstä of Chełm 455-6 Gurary, Shermaryahu 336 Gurary, Shneur Zalman 313,324 Guser, Abram 477 Guterman, Alexander 12 Guterman, Isaac 392 Gutman, Samuel Wolf 269 H Habad 15 j-3,156-7,309-37 539 kasha festive meal of 333 Lubavitch 300 opposition to magic 191 tsadikim, tales about 319-20 see also Otwock; Scroll of 19 Kislev Hafets Hayim, see Kagan, R. Israel Meir Hagen, Wilhelm 497 Halbersberg, Hayim Isaiah 195-6 Halberstam, R. Ben-Zion (Bobover Rebbe) 295, 298,345-6 Halberstam, R. Hayim 161,207-8 Halberstam, Issachar Ber 161 Halberstam, R.
Solomon, of Bobov (Bobowa) 143 Halberstam, Yehezkel Shraga 161 Halberstam, R. Yekutiel Judah 120,161 Halevi, Abraham 99-100,104,106 Halevi, R. David 65 Hamuy, Abraham 198 Handeles, Leibel 394 Hanicher, R. Yossele 387 Hanikhei Yeshivat Tomkhei Temimim, see Association of the Students of the Tomkhei Temimim Yeshiva Hanukah 325 Hashomer Hadati 292 Hashomer Hatsa’ir 292,295 hasidim: Alexander 296,388 customs 196 fasts, extra 165-6 Gerer youth during Holocaust 371-99 Habad 166 hasid as homo ludens 51-75 headwear 133-9 identity 293-303 lifestyle, as based on Bible 206-7 membership 293-303 NaNah 64 recruitment of new 321-2 shaving heads on wedding day 162-3 shtifen zikh (exchange of pushes and shoves) 63-4 somersaulting 55-60 hasidism: Apt 157-60 Beizer і6і~з Bobover 143 Bratslaver 164,304 Gerer 94,294 Habad 309-37
540 hasidism (cont.)՛. hitkashrut, concept of 322-3 and joy 55-67 Karlin 155-7 Kosov 78 Kotsker 151-2,160 and magic 190,194 ‘mystical’ and ‘of faith’ 153 performative aspects of 203-18,329 ‘Polish’ 157 ‘practical’and‘intellectual’ 153 as a prophetic movement 217 Pshiskhe 77-96 Radziņ 163-5 Sadegura 15 5-6,161 scholarship on 4-9 self-renewal (hithadeshut), concept of 90-4 in Szydłowiec: underground hasidic activity during Holocaust 391-2 Tshernobil 150-1 see alsofarbrengen՛, pilgrimages; tish; tsadik Haskalah 134,186 see also maskilim Hatamim (journal) 322-5,327,330,334-5 Hayim Abraham, R. 147 Hayim Haikel of Amdur (Indura) 58,60,62 Hayim Mordecai, R. 180 Hayim of Volozhin, R. 183 Hayomyom 333-4 Hazon Ish, see Karelitz, Avraham Yeshayahu headwear, fur: Cossack 123 (Fig. 7) forbidden in Russia 139-42 Jewish 117-49 as mark of shame 119-23 Ukrainian 122 (Fig. 6) see also kolpik; shtrayml; spodik headwear, hasidic 133-9 see also kolpik՛, shtrayml՛, spodik health, public 506-7 Hebei, Johann Peter 352,359 Hebrew, press in 287 heder 290 attended by girls 341 Heilman, Hayim Meir 314 Heller, R. Samuel, Sefer refuot usegulot 197 Heller, R. Yom Tov Lipmann 124,182 Megilatevah 325 Hepstein, R. Ahrale 294-5 Herder, Johann Gottfried 352 Index heritage, Jewish artistic 220 Heshel, R. Avraham Yehoshua, of Apt 65,77 n. 2, 126-7,157-60,165-6,200,306 Heydrich, Reinhard 509 Hida, see Azulai, Hayim Yosef Hilberg, Raul 495 Hillel the Elder 84 Hirsch, R. Samson Raphael 344,359-60,364-6 Hirschler, Gertrude 421 Hirszfeld, Ludwik 498,512-13 hitkashrut, concept of, see hasidism Hitler, Adolf, attitude
to Jews 509 Hiya Me’ir ben David, R. 175 Hollaenderski, Léon 134-7 (Figs. t3՜15) Hollander, R. Shemuel Meir 144-6 Holocaust: Gerer youths in 371-99 hunger in ghettos, study of 498 Jewish medical activity during 495-516 memoirs 11; Orthodox 401-24 religious observance during 373-99 Torah study during 372-99 see also death camps; Final Solution; ghettos; kashrut observance; shemad Homberg, Herz 251 Home Army 405 Hoogstraten, Samuel Dirksz van 124 Hoover, Herbert 472 Hopsztajn, R. Israel, Magid of Kozienice 133 Horensztajn, Hayah Mushka 311-12 Horensztajn, Moses 311 Horowitz, R. Isaiah 101,158-9,165,179,182 Horowitz, Leah 11,17-50 Horowitz, Shemuel 67 n. 69 Huberband, R. Shimon 388-90 Hughes, Charles Evans 487 Hundert, Gershon 456 Hurwitz, Shalom David 384 Hurwitz, Yosef Yoizl 299,308 I Idei, Moshe 6,170 Igud Talmidéi Hatemimim, see Union of Temimim Students International Socialist Congress Commission on Vilna pogrom 491-2 interwar Jewish religious life, historiography of 289-90 Isaac ben Meir of Düren, Sha ’arei dura 181 Isaac Meir of Zinkov 159
Index Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, R. 180 Isaac of Neskhiz 158 Isaac of Vurke (Warka), R. 213 Ishmael, R. 179 Israel ben Eliezer, R., see Ba’al Shem Tov Israel of Krems, R. 176,180 Israel of Ruzhin, see Friedman, Israel of Ruzhin Isserles, R. Moses i8r Ivashkevish, Cornet 459 Iwański, Arkadiusz 477 Izraelita 269-73 J Jacob ben Asher, R. 19 Arba’ah turim 176-7 Jacob Isaac of Pshiskhe (‘the Yehudi’) 151 Jacques, Heinrich 256 Jadwin, Gen. Edwin 489-90,493 Jaffe, Lev 478,489 Jaffe, R. Mordecai 182 Jakobsohn, R. Benjamin Ze’ev 354,359,361-6 Jankielowicz, Modka 458-9 Jastrow, Markus 268,278 JDC, see Joint Distribution Committee Jedność 272 Jerusalem: Belz Great Synagogue 225-6 Great Bratslav Yeshiva 225 Hebron Keneset Israel Yeshivah 403 Temple 206-7 Jewish Agency 405 Jewish identity: nostalgia as identity-building tool 321 self-understanding of 430 ‘Jewish problem’ 525 ‘Jewish question’ 446 Jewish relations with Christians, see Christian— Jewish relations Joel of Zamość, R., Mifalot elohim 188-9 Johnson, Homer 489 Johnston, Robert 133-4 Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) 307,463-5, 5°7֊9 commission 487,489 summer camps 431 Joseph ben Jacob 229 Joseph II, Emperor 122 and marriage laws concerning Jews 237-44 Judaica Library (Warsaw) 280 541 Judaism, east European heterodox, scholarship on 9-10 see also hasidim; hasidism; Progressive Judaism Jung, R. Leo 302 Justiniani, Marco 176-7 Jutrzenka 272 К kabbalah 160 practical 187-202 Kagan, R. Israel Meir (Hafets Hayim) 296,301, 345 Kaidonover, Aaron Samuel 182 Kąkol, Kazimierz 524 Kalish, Ita 286 Kalisz: progressive prayer house 269
progressive synagogue 266,270 Kamelhar, R. Yekutiel Aruyeh 54-5 Kamionka, R. Mordecai Joseph 382 Kamyanka-Burka, synagogue in 231 Kamyar, R. Azriel 57-8 Kaplan, Chaim 511 Karaism, scholarship on 10 Karelitz, Abraham Yeshayahu, R. (Hazon Ish) 130,402-3 Karo, R. Joseph 180 Karski, Jan 525 kashrut, observance during Holocaust 419 Katz, Isaac 228 Katz,Jacob 6,13,418 Katz, R. Naftali Hakohen 98 Kauffman, Tsippi 80,84 Kaufman, David 466 Kaufman, R. Moses Yekutiel 124-6 Keren Hatorah 357,345,352,361,363 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 123 Khmelnytsky massacres 418 Kibel, Wolf 377,383 Kiddush 98 kidush hahayim (sanctification of life), concept of 419-20 kidush hashem (sanctification of the Divine Name), concept of 417-18 Kidushin, 1553 edition of tractate 178 Ki-Τον, Eliyahu 72 n. 82 Klausenberg, Dr 500 Klemenc, Marcin 459-60 Klüger, Herman 269,276,278 Klüger, Moritz 275
542 Index Kohn, Abraham 265 Kohn, Oskar 491 kolpik (fur headwear) 117,119 (Fig. 3), 130-1,161 Kopański, Stanisław 471,392 Korczak, Janusz 419 Korner, Eliasz 277 Kornitzer, R. Joseph Nehemiah 131-2 Korwin-Milewski, Hipolit 468 Kossakowski, Michał 465,468-9,475 Kostecki, Major 481 Kotik, Yehezkel 69-70 Koder, R. Aaron 408 Kovets lyubavitsh 336 Kovno (Kaunas): ghetto 500 Realgymnasium 351 Kozienice Magid, see Hopsztajn, R. Israel Kraków: progressive prayer house 268 synagogues 261 n. 1; progressive 262,265,270 teacher-training seminary 302-3,353,356-7 Kraków ghetto 389-90,394 Kramsztyk 278 Kravel-Tovi, Michal 428 Rremenchug (Krzemieńczuk), yeshiva in 317 Kristallnacht 509 Krugieler, Leib 69 Krzemieniec, oppression of Jews in 458-60 Krzyżanowski, Bronislaw 469 Kugler, Eve Rosenzweig 409-10 Kwiatkowski, Teodor 459 L Lakewood, NJ, Beth Medrash Govoha 408-9 Landau, R. Samuel 128,275 Landau, R. Yehezkel (Noda Biyehudah) 128-9, 130 (Fig. 10), 243-4 Landsberg, Eva 357 Langer, Lawrence 404 Lanzmann, Angélique 526 Lanzmann, Claude: films 521-6; see also Shoah obituary 521-6 Lanzmann, Félix 526 Lasker, R. Max 282 Lefkowitz, Meyer 143 legal codes 176-7 Lehmann, Meyer 359,366 Lehmann, Yissakhar Berend 120 Leib, Aryeh 105 Leiner, R. Gershon Hanokh 163-5 Leiner, Mordecai Joseph 164 Lemkin, Raphael 501 Leopold II, Emperor, and the Jews 244-5 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 359 Levertov, R., of Kraków 384 Levine, Yitshak 406 Levites, songs of 208-9,212 Levytska, Yelyzaveta 229 Liberman, Haim 17,324 Liebkind, Henryk 273-4 Lifschitz, Shmelka 397-8 Lilienblum, Moses Leib 185 Lilienthal, Max 134
Lindenberger, Resi 351-2 Lipschitz, Shabetai, Sefer hahayim hanikra segulot yisrael 194-5 Lipschitz, Yudl Shabetai 198 Łódź: havurot in 390 progressive synagogue in 266,268,270,280 Łódź ghetto 384,387,396,412,500 Loewenthal, Naftali 11 Lomdei Torah association 278 Londres, Albert 297 Lorenz,Jan il love: of one’s fellow 410-11 types of 91-2 Löw, R. Judah (Maharal) 182 Löwenstein, Bernard 276,278-9 Lubavitch (Lubawicze), Tomkhei Temimim yeshiva 315,327 Kovets lyubavitsh 336 Lublin 397,460 Yeshivat Hakhmei Lublin 297-9,380 Lubliner, H. 231 Lubomirski, Prince 223 Luck (Luts'k), conflict between starosta and burghers 447-55 Luria, Isaac 158 Luria, Solomon, R. 179,181 Lwów: Golden Rose Synagogue 231 progressive synagogue 262,265-6,270 synagogues in 220-1 M ma’amadot, recitation of 157-60,165-6 Machek, Antonin 128,129 (Fig. 9)
Index magic: bookson 185-202 dissemination by hasidic rabbis 194 opposition to 191-3 repudiation of 86-90 Magid of Mezeritsh, see Dov Ber Magid, Shaul 204 Magre, Judith 526 Maharal, see Löw, R. Judah Mahler, Raphael 4 Mahler, Teofila 262 Mahzikei Hadat 163 Maimon, Salomon 51-5,68,73-5,133 Maimonides 19,26 Mishnehtorah 176 Makower, Dr 481,486 Malageh, Hayim 58 Mandelstam, Benjamin 134 Manekin, Rachel 12,265 Marcus, Ahron 120 Margoliot, R. Ephraim Zalman 180 Margolioth, R. Meir 214 Margoshes, Yosef 130-1 Maria Theresa, Empress, and the Jews 235-6, 242 Markusen, Eric 503 marriage: arranged 343 clandestine 252-5,258-9 and conversion to Judaism 431-2 cross-group 162-3,167 in the ghetto 411-12 legislation, Austrian, effect on Jews of Galicia 235-60 mixed 241,251,258 permission for in Galicia 236-7 between relatives 244,246-7; in Jewish law 241-4 taxon 236-7,240,244 see also divorce in Jewish law; weddings Marshall, Louis 493 maskilim: anti-hasidic posture 5 and popular religion 186 religious beliefs of 12-13 on tsadikim 152-3 medicine: and genocide 501-6 Jewish, in ghettos 495-516 543 medical services forJews in the interwar period 507-9 Nazi, research on 496 Meierhenrich, Jens 502 Meir of Ostroh 214 Me’ir of Rothenburg, R. 176 Meisels, R. Dov Ber 128,13г (Fig. 11) memoirs, Orthodox, of the Holocaust 401-24 Menahem Mendel of Kosov, R. 77-96 Menahem Mendel of Kotsk, R. 151,164 Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk 58-9,328 Menahem Mendel of Vizhnits 161 Mendelsohn, Ezra 508 Mendelssohn, Moses 352 Ritualgesetze derJuden 239-40 Mevorakh, Joshua Boaz 177-8 Ein mishpat ner mitsvah 176 Mezhbizh
(Międzybóż), beit midrash of the Besht 225 Michalowska-Mycielska, Anna 456 Mieses, Izaak 277 migration and loss of tradition 286-7 Milejkowski, Izrael 498 miracles by tsadikim 86-90 mitnagedim 314,328 Mizrahi 313 Mocker, Joseph 222 modernity: haredi spiritualization of 401-24 and popular religion 185-202 modesty 360 Mondshine, Yehoshua 58,417 Montefiore, Moses 491 Mordecai ben Hillel 178 Mordekhai hagadol 175,177 Mordecai of Tshernobil 160-1 Morgenstern, Isaac Zelig 294 Morgenthau, Henry 465,467,472,475,484,486, 489-90 Morgenthau Commission 463-4,466,477-9, 487,489-90,493 Mościcki, Ignacy 132 Moses of Coucy, R., Sefer mitsvot gadol 176-7 Moses of Kobrin 69 Moshe of Boyan, R. 380 Moszyński, Franciszek 447-8 Muckerman, Fr. Friedrich 469 Murmelstein, R. Benjamin 525 Musar movement 299 Mykhailivka, synagogue in 229
Index 544 N Nach’lat Z’mi 365 Nahman of Bratslav, R. 68,86,225,329 grave in Uman (Humań) 304 Na Nah, followers of 64 Sefer hamidot 190-1 Nahman of Horodenka, R. 126 Neufeld, Daniel 273 Niger, Shmuel 479,489 Nissenbaum, R. Isaac 419-20 Noda Biyehudah, see Landau, R. Yehezkel Nussbaum, Hilary 12 О Odesser, Israel Dov 64 Ojczyzna 269-73 Opatów 395-6 Orlean, R. Judah Leib 340,357-8,365-6,368 Orthodoxy and secularization 13 Osmolowski, Jan 470,475,484-5,490 Osmolowski, Jerzy 464-5,470 Ottolengo,R. Joseph 177 Otwock 332 Centos orphanage 312 centre of an imagined Habad community 309-37 Habad yeshiva 311 Tomkhei Temimim yeshiva 313,321 P Paderewski, Ignacy 472,486 Pechersky, Aleksandr ‘Sasha’ Aronovich 525 Pedaya, Haviva 73 Pejsachowicz, Szmul 458-9 Pergen, Anton 236 periodicals, Polish Jewish 269-73 Perl,Joseph 249-50,254,265 Perlov, R. Israel, of Stolin 224 Petithory, Dominique 526 pidyonot payments 211-12,215-16 Piekarz, M. 95 pilgrimages: to courts of rabbis 322,343,378 to graves of rabbis 304 pilpul 180-2 Piłsudski, Jan 466 Piłsudski, Józef 469,471-2,476,480-1,485-6, 488,490,492-3 Piskor, Major 470 piyutim 271 Aramaic 35-8 plague 191 Płaszów 398-9,404 poetry, Yiddish 305-6 pogroms, see Vilna Polish Ministry of Art and Culture 230 Pollack, R. Jacob 180-1 Pollock, Karen 524 Polska Partia Socjalistyczna 482 Potashnik, David 299 Potashnik, Yankei 299 Prager, R. Moshe 372-4,380-1,397,403-6,411 Prager, Yehudah Leib 403 Prague, Old New Synagogue 221-2 Prashker, Solomon 396 prayer: Kaddish, addition to 165,167 loud vs. silent 155-7,168 Tahanun 314 women and 17-50 in Yiddish 38-41 see
also Grace after Meals; та 'amador, piyutim; psalms, recitation of; Tkhine imohos; tkhines prayer books 97,157-8,273-4 preachers 265,275-9 see also sermons Progressive Association in Lwów 281 Progressive Judaism 12 Central Union of Progressive Synagogues in Poland 280,283 conversion from to Orthodox Judaism 433-4 Progressive Association in Lwów 281 World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ) 281-2 progressive synagogues, see Kalisz; Kraków; Łódź; Lwów; Przemyśl; Stanisławów; synagogues; Tarnopol; Warsaw Przemyśl, progressive synagogue in 266,268,270 psalms, recitation of 166 Purim 325-6 R Rabinovitch, R. Yitshak Ya’akov 118 (Fig. 1) Rabinowich, Abraham 384 Raczkiewicz 475,490 Radyvyliv, Great Synagogue 226-9 Radziwiłł, Karol Stanisław 457 Raižei bat Heschel 18 Rapoport, R. Solomon Judah Leib (Shir) 128, 129 (Fig. 9) Rapoport-Albert, Ada 151-2 obituary 527-8
Index Rappoport, Yitshak 435 Rashi 174-6,178,180-1,359 refugees: during First World War 287-8 from Russia 299,311 from the Soviet Union 307 Reines, R. Isaac Jacob 287 Rekhtman, Avrom 222,226 religion: Jewish folk 12 migration and loss of tradition 286-7 Orthodoxy and secularization 13 popular, and modernity 185-202 women’s opposition to 341-4 religious life, egalitarian aspects of 14 Renaudel, Pierre 465,491 Renaudel Commission 468 Reshit hokhmah 98 resistance movement 499 rhetoric,Judaeophobic 443,445-6 Ricchi, Immanuel Hai, Mishnat hasidim 191 Richardson, James T. 435 Ringelblum, Emanuel 495 rituals and customs, Jewish 15,97 burial of damaged holy objects 227-8 hasidic, as identity-markers 151-71 for meals, 97-116; printed broadside 102 (Fig. 1), 103-4 vernacular culture 14 Rivne, Old Kloyz synagogue 224-5 Rottenberg, R. Hayim 227 Roke’ah, R. Aaron 225 Roke’ah, R. Issachar Dov, of Belz 162,345 Roke’ah, R. Mordecai 389 Roke’ah, R. Shalom (Sar Shalom) 163,225 Roke’ah, Yehoshua, of Belz 161-2 Ronald Lauder Foundation 426 Rosanes, Judith 18 Rose, Hansi 359-60 Rosen, Eljezer 477 Rosen, Michael 81 Rosenbaum,Judith (Grunfeld) 339,342-3,352, 354-7,362,364-5 Rosenberg, Yudl, Sefer refa ’el hamalakh 196-8 Rosenzweig, Franz 217-18 Rosman, Moshe 7,10-11,205 Rossel, Maurice 525 Rostov-on-Don, yeshiva 317 Różański, Przemysław 463,466-7,479-80,488, 490-1,494 545 Rubinstein, R. Izaak 477,479-80,485,488, 490-1,494 Rydz-Śmigly, commander of Polish troops 476 S Sadan, Dov 259 Safrin, R. Isaac Ayzik, of Komárno 214 Salant, R. Samuel 128-9, U2 (Fig· 12) Samelsohn, Szymon 274 Samuel, Stuart,
and Samuel Commission on Vilna pogrom 465-93 Samuel of Sélestat (Schlettstadt), R. 177 Sarna, R. Yehezkel 403 Scharf, Rafael 524 Schenirer, Sarah 11,288,300-2,339-69 legacy 365-9 myth of 348 Schiller, Friedrich 359 Schlesinger, R. Akiva Joseph 138-9 Schmukler, Leib 57-8 Schneersohn, R. Joseph Isaac 300,309-13, 316-29,331-7,405 Schneersohn, Menahem Nahum, of Nizhyn 326 Schneersohn, Shalom Dovber 315-17,327 Schneerson, Hayah Mushka 311 Schneerson, R. Menachem Mendel 311,335-7, 406,408 Schneerson, Sheyna 312 Schneider, David 429 Scholem, Gershom 6,151 on hasidism 4 school system: Orthodox 296 see also Beit Ya’akov Schorr, Mojżesz 280 Schrobsdorff, Angelika 526 Schwartzman, Meyer 356 Scroll of i9Kislev 309-37 secularization: fear of 290 reaction to of Orthodox Jews 292 Sefer razi’el hamalakh 191 Seferrefuot 191 Segal, Aryeh Leib 100 Segal, R. David 98 Segal, YehielMikhl 99-101,104,107 Segal-Horowitz, R. Mordecai 19 Segal-Horowitz, R. Yokel ben Meir 18-19 Seidman, Hillel 367
54б Index sermons: German 264-6 guest 269 in Polish 264—7,273,275-6 Shabetai ben Binyamin 18 shaleshudes (third sabbath meal) 213,218 Shapira, Kalman 499 Shapira, R. Kalonymus Kalmish, of Piaseczno 65-6,209,214,216-17,303-4,308 Shapira, R. Meir 297-8,308,373 Shapira, R. Pinhas, of Korets (Korzec) 144 Shapiro, R. David 418 Shapiro, Ya’akov 394 Shaul, Michal 348,402,410,412 Shavei Israel 426,434-5 Shavli ghetto 499-500 Shaw, Thomas 491 Sheinfeld, Moshe 394 Shekalim (talmudic tractate) 179 Shekhinah 25-6,28,37-8,92,205 shemad (religious persecution), time of, difference between Poland and Germany 385 Shimon bar Yohai, R. 23 Shinover, Shmuel (Shmuel of Sieniawa), R. 77, 93,212 Shklarczik, Mordecai 397 Shneur Zalman of Liady, R. 86 arrest and imprisonment 309,313-14,318, З27-9,332,337 conflict with Solomon of Karlin 156-7 ‘Nigunarbabavot’ 316,331-2 portrait of 334 ruling that shtrayml required when reading the Torah 147 on somersaulting 59-60 stories about 313 Tanya 330,333 Shnur, Alter (Israel Dov Itzinger) 306-7 Shoah (film dir. Lanzmann) 521-5 Shomeryisra ’el, see Auerbach Shor, Alexander 159 Shor, Avraham Abish 58,63-4,156,168 shtetl, the, disappearance of 286 shtrayml (fur headwear) 118 (Fig. ։) analogy with tejilin 144-5 as appropriate for rabbis 12:8-32 fashionsin 117-49 as a gift 126-7 andhasidim 142-4 modern 121 (Fig. 5) number of tails 146 as part of wedding ritual 145 as religious object 144-8 for sleeping 144-5,147 see also headwear, fur Shulhan arukh 19,25, tot, 180,183,249,387 Simhah Bunem of Pshiskhe (Przysucha), R. 77-80,86,90,93-5,151,161,212 Simner, R.
Zechariah, of Plungian, Sefer zekhirah 188-9 Sír, František 128,130 (Fig. 10) Sirkes, Joel, R. 179 Slavuta, synagogue in 223-4 Smith, Jonathan Z. 153-4,170-1 Smolenskin, Peretz 71 Smolka, Franciszek 269 Smotrych, synagogue in 228-9 Sobibór death camp 525 Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland (Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludnościej w Polsce; TOZ) 498,507-8 Sofer, Ephraim 224 Sofer, R. Shimon 130 Solomon of Karlin 156-7,166 Soncino, Gershom 175 Soncino,Joshua Г74-5 Soncino family 178 songs, Polish, in synagogues 267 Sperling, Abraham Isaac, of Lwów, Ta 'amei hamingahim untékor hodinim 196 Spitzer, Salomon 271,274 spodik (fur headwear) 117,118 (Fig. 2), 128,130, 132,161 Srebrnik, Szymon 523 Stanislaw August Poniatowski, King, reforms 442-3,445-7 Stanisławów: progressive synagogue in 266,268-70 synagogue 262 starosta, judicial authority of 444-61 Statman, Daniel 514 Stępniak, Sergey 200 stereotypes of Jews 432 Sternbuch, Gutta 341 Stier, Pinche 385 Stockhamer, R. Samson 418 Stone, Daniel 457 storytelling 329 Strauch, Fabian 273
Index Straus, Scott 503-4 Strauss, Hermann 499 Streit, Leon 262,269 Stroop, Jürgen 397,403 Suchomel, Franc 523 Swerczek 487 Swerczek, Ronald Emil 465 Świniarski, Micha! 446 synagogues 15 choirs in 264-6 Conservation of 219-20 harmoniums in 265-6 mixed choirs in 265-6 organsin 264,266 Polish songs in 267 prayer books in 273-4 preachers in 275-9 progressive, in Galicia and the Kingdom of Poland 261-83 see also Dolyna; Dubno; Jerusalem; Kalisz; Kamyanka-Burka; Kraków; Łódź; Lwów; Mykhailivka; preachers; Przemyśl; Radyvyliv; Rivne; sermons; Slavu ta; Smotrych; Stanisławów; Tarnopol; Vilna; Warsaw; Wroclaw Szabad, Dr 476,480-9,492 Szeptycki, Stanislaw 466 Sztejn, Rojza 477 Szydłowiec: ghetto 392 underground hasidic activity during Holocaust 391-2 Szyma, Tadeusz 524 T Taglit-Birthright trips to Israel 430-1 Tahanun, see prayer Talmud: Babylonian: early printed versions 174-9; manuscripts of 174 Jerusalem 179-80 legal texts added to 175-80 Vilna 173-83 Tarnopol, progressive synagogue 265-6 Taubeles, Samuel Aron 276,278 Tauber, S.D. 278 tax, see marriage: tax on ‘Teheran children’ 405-6 Teitelbaum, Bernard 231 547 Teitelbaum, R. Yoel 209 tekhelet fringe 163-5 Teller, Adam 442 Theresienstadt ghetto 525 medical system in 499 Thon,Ozjasz 277 tish (rebbe’s table) 208,294,329 Tkhineimohos 17-50 tkhines, 17-50 Yiddish 38-41 Tokarczuk, Olga 9 Tomaszewski,Jerzy 524 Tomhard, Captain 489 torah im derekh erets philosophy 340,344,349, 35։,354,358֊б9 Torah study 296,340,407 during the Holocaust 372-99 women and 17-5°, 343,345,349 Tosafists 174-6,179,181 Totten, Samuel 503-4 Towarzystwo Ochrony
Zdrowia Ludnościej w Polsce, see Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland towns, private and royal 443-6 TOZ, see Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland tradition, abandonment of 285-308 Treblinka death camp 522-3 Trunk, Yehiel Yeshaya 72-3 truth, Pshiskhe concept of 82-6 tsadik՛. argument whether like Jesus 204-5 court as substitute for Jerusalem 210-12 feasting and drinking 213-14 Habad, tales about 319-20 kol (all), attribute of 84-6,88 and magic 77-96,190 miracles by 86-90 pidyonot payments to 211-12,215-16 pilgrimage to 208-12 as replacing sage 207-8 role of 77-96 sermon as receiving Torah on Mount Sinai 215 soul roots of 152 table in place of altar 207-9,294,329 see alsofarbrengen tsadikim, Habad, tales about 319-20 tsadikism, materialist 78 Tse’irei Ágúdat Yisra’el (Agudat Yisrael Youth) 294 351
548 Index Tsenah menah 19 Tsevi Elimelekh of Dinov, R. 417 tsitsit commandment 163 Turner, Victor 70 Turnheim, R. Yissakhar Dov, of Wolbórz 213 Turowicz, Jerzy 524 Twersky, R. Ya’akov Yitshak, of Makarov 120 (Fig. 120) Twersky, Yitshak Menahem Nahum, of Shpikov 162 U Union of Rabbis with Higher Education in Poland 280 Union of Temimim Students (Igud Talmidéi Hatemimim) 322 Uri of Strelsk (Strzeliska Nowa) 155 V Va’ad Lehadpasat Derushei Hasidut, see Council for the Publication of Hasidic Discourses Vilímková, Milada 222 Vitaa: Eliaszew synagogue 484 Gaonsynagogue 484 pogrom of 19—21 April 1919 463-94 Vilna Gaon, see Elijah, Gaon of Vilna Vilna ghetto 496 Hekdesh Hospital 499 medical system in 499 Vital, R. Hayim 101,191 W Walden, Aaron 200 Warnian, Chaim 480 Warsaw: Beit Warszawa 426,431,433 Danilowiczowska Street synagogue 262,264, 268-9,273, 27б 278,280 Ec Chaim synagogue 426,433 Habad yeshiva 300,312 Metivtayeshiva 297,376 Nalewki Street synagogue 264,273,275,277 Orthodox Nożyk Synagogue 426,433 progressive synagogue in 268,270,426,431, 433 Tlomackie Street synagogue 261 n. 1,264, 268-9,281 Tomkhei Temimim yeshiva 310-11,321 yeshiva of R. Kalonymus Shapira 303 Warsaw ghetto 397,403,419,510-11 Bersohn and Bauman Children’s Hospital 497,51З Czyste Jewish Hospital 497 medical system in 497-8 uprising 404 Warshauer, Jonathan 268 Wasser, Ozjasz 281 Weber, Maurycy 274 Weber de Rittersdorf, Johann 457 weddings: ceremony 163 customs 145 Weil, Nathaniel 182 Weiss,Joseph 153 Weisshof 277 Weitz, Israel 390 wigs 162 Wilensky, Mordecai 58 Wiszniewicz, Joanna 291 Włodzimierz 453
Wojciechowicz, R. Stas 429 Wolf, Lucien 491 Wolf, Michał 274 Wołkonowski, Jarosław 463,466,478,494 women: education for 339-69 excluded fromfarbrengen 336 forbidden to sing before men outside family 410 and fur 127 hasidic attitude to 51-75 modesty 360 nakedness in Auschwitz 414 opposition to religion 341-4 and prayer 17-50 scholarship on 11-12 see also Horowitz, Leah; marriage; weddings; wigs World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ) 281-2 World Union of Habad Hasidim and Temimim 333 Wright, P. 473,49։ Wróblewski, Andrzej Krzysztof 524 Wroclaw, Orthodox synagogue 434 Wulf, Joseph 497 Wygodzki,Jakub 464,467-9,472,475,480-2, 489,49։ Wyrozumski, Jerzy, obituary 519-20 Wyszczelski, Leon 464,470
Index Y Yalkut ¡himoni 19 Yavneh 305 Yerahmiel Mosheh of Kozienice, R. 64 yeshivas: Ashkenazi 175 Beit Yosef 299 hasidic, in interwar Poland 296-300 Lithuanian 9,308 non-hasidic 298-9 ¡ee aho Jerusalem; Kremenchug; Lakewood, NJ; Lubavitch; Lublin; Otwock; Rostov-onDon; Warsaw Yeshivat Hakhmei Lublin 373,397 Yiddish: language 360; banned 484 prayers in 38-41 pressin 287 Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut (YIVO) 467, 482 archives 463 Yohanan Twersky of Tolne-Bayit Vagan, R. 66-7 Yom Tov of Seville, R. 178 Yose, R. 215 549 Young Agudat Yisrael in Riga 332 youth movements 288,292-3,347,374,376 Z Zaks, Veivel 227 Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich, ¡ее Civilian Administration of the Eastern Lands Zasztowt (activist) 482 Zeitlin, Hillel 304-5 Zemba, R. Menahem 418 Zemir arinim veharvot Hurim 55—6 Zhitnitsky, R. Yehiel Manes 387 Zholtovsky, Pavlo 225 Zilber, R. Raphael, of Freiman 209 Zilbersztejn, Sara 262 Zionism 287 Zionist Organization in Lwów 220 Zionists 403 Zohar 19,24-5,91,101 Żółtowski, Adam 466 Zuckerman, Yitzhak 523 Zusha of Annopol 329 Zweig, Stefan 359 Zygmunt I the Old, King of Poland 120-1 Bayerische I Staatsbibliothek München j |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4test Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV047119993 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:29:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-26T13:00:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781906764753 9781906764760 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032526319 |
| oclc_num | 1294758791 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | xiii, 549 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220519 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Polin |
| series2 | Polin |
| spelling | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 edited by François Guesnet, Antony Polonsky, Ada Rapoport-Albert and Marcin Wodziński London The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization 2021 Liverpool Liverpool University Press 2021 xiii, 549 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Polin volume 33 Geschichte 1750-1944 gnd rswk-swf Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4test Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 s Geschichte 1750-1944 z DE-604 Guesnet, François 1962- (DE-588)120319055 edt Rapoport-Albert, Ada 1945-2020 (DE-588)1047956004 edt Wodziński, Marcin 1966- (DE-588)136764436 edt Polonsky, Antony 1940- (DE-588)113162979 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-80085-204-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-80034-746-5 Polin volume 33 (DE-604)BV002712964 33 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032526319&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032526319&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 Polin Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4115741-2 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4143413-4test |
| title | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 |
| title_auth | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 |
| title_exact_search | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 |
| title_full | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 edited by François Guesnet, Antony Polonsky, Ada Rapoport-Albert and Marcin Wodziński |
| title_fullStr | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 edited by François Guesnet, Antony Polonsky, Ada Rapoport-Albert and Marcin Wodziński |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 edited by François Guesnet, Antony Polonsky, Ada Rapoport-Albert and Marcin Wodziński |
| title_short | Jewish religious life in Poland since 1750 |
| title_sort | jewish religious life in poland since 1750 |
| topic | Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Religiöses Leben Juden Polen Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032526319&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032526319&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002712964 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guesnetfrancois jewishreligiouslifeinpolandsince1750 AT rapoportalbertada jewishreligiouslifeinpolandsince1750 AT wodzinskimarcin jewishreligiouslifeinpolandsince1750 AT polonskyantony jewishreligiouslifeinpolandsince1750 |