Soldiers of Barbarossa: combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941
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Guilford, Connecticut
Stackpole Books
[2020]
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| Beschreibung: | xiii, 394 Seiten, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780811738798 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Map: Operation Barbarossa, 22 June-5 December 1941 vii Map: Operation Typhoon, 2 October—5 December 1941 viii Notes on Style ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Operation Barbarossa in the Letters of German Soldiers 2 June 1941 3 July 1941 4 August 1941 1 16 54 102 Photo Essay: Summer 1941 5 6 7 September 1941 October 1941 November 1941 148 190 229 Photo Essay: Fall 1941 8 December 1941 263 Appendix 1. Equivalent Military Ranks (German/American) 283 Appendix 2. Order of Battle of Germany’s Eastern Army (Ostheer) (22 June 1941) 285 Appendix 3. Order of Battle of German Army Group Center (2 October 1941) 293 V
VI CONTENTS Appendix 4. Soldiers of Barbarossa—Names, Ranks, and Units of German Soldiers Whose Field Post Letters and Diary Entries Are Cited in the Narrative 297 Notes 301 Bibliography 365 Index 381
Bibliography Archival Materials 1. NATIONAL ARCHIVES RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA) (COLLEGE PARK, MD) a. Still Pictures Department. RG 242-GAP-286B-4: “German troops in Russia 1941” b. Microfilm Department. RG 242: Captured German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, VA. User Guides to Records of the German Field Commands 2. AIR FORCE HISTORICAL RESEARCH AGENCY (AFHRA) (MAXWELL AFB, AL) “Berichte aus Russland Sommer 1941.” {Hauptmann Herbert Pabst. Staffelkapitän und Gruppen kommandeurin einer Sturzkampfgruppe) (Karlsruhe Document Collection [KDC]: G/VI/3d). Der Luftkrieg im Osten gegen Russland 1941.” Aus einer Studie der 8. Abteilung. 1943/1944 (KDC: G/VI/3a). “Die deutschen Flugzeugverluste im ersten Monat (22.6.41-17.7.41) des Krieges gegen Russland.” Nach einer Zusammenstellung der 6. Abteilung des Generalstabes der deutschen Luftwaffe (KDC: G/VI/3a). Piocher, Hermann. The German Air Force Versus Russia, 1941 (No. 153, 1965). --------- . “Einsatz gegen Moskau im Jahre 1941” (KDC). Schwabedissen, Walter. The Russian Air Force in the Eyes of German Commanders (No. 175, I960). Suchenwirth, Richard. Command and Leadership in the German Air Force (No. 174, 1969). 3. US ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE, CARLISLE BARRACKS (Foreign Military Studies [FMS] prepared by former Wehrmacht officers in late 1940s and 1950s for the US Army in Europe): 365
366 BIBLIOGRAPHY D-034: “Diseases of Men and Horses Experienced by the Troops in Russia.” Dr. Erich Rendulic. 1947. D-035: “The Effect of Extreme Cold on Weapons, Wheeled Vehicles and Track Vehicles.” Dr Erich Rendulic. 1947. D-187: “The Capture of Smolensk by the 71st Motorized Infantry Regiment on 15 July 1941.” Genlt. Wilh. Thomas. 1947. D-247: “German Preparations for the Attack against Russia (The German Build-up East of Warsaw).” Genlt. Kurt Cuno. 1947. P-052: “Combat in Russian Forests and Swamps.” Gen. Hans von Greiffenberg. 1951. P-190: “ Verbrauchs- и. Verschleisssätze während der Operationen der deutschen. Heeresgruppe Mitte vom 22.6.41 -31.12.41.” Gen. Rudolf Hofmann Genmaj. Alfred Toppe. 1953. T-6: “Eastern Campaign, 1941-42. (Strategie Survey).” Genlt. Adolf Heusinger. 1947. T-28: “Battle of Moscow (1941—1942).” Gen. Hans von Greiffenberg et al. n.d. T-34: “Terrain Factors in the Russian Campaign.” Gen. Karl Allmendinger et al. 1950. 4. BIBLIOTHEK FÜR ZEITGESCHICHTE (BFZ) (STUTTGART, GERMANY) Flugblattpropaganda im 2. Weltkrieg (1941), Mappe 92-22; 92-26; 92-32; 92-36; 92-38 and 92-40. Albert M. (05 042) (Eisb.Bau-Bd. 511) Friedrich G. (L 29 759) (Stab/Z.G. 26) Fw. Hans M. (28 193 B) (79 ID) Fw. Herbert E. (07 874), (SS “DR”) Gefr. Adolf M. (05 905 D) (260 ID) Gefr. Alfons L. (29 549) (Br.Bau-Btl. 159) Gefr. Eberhard W. (06 323 E) (5 ID) Gefr. Ewald M. (01 137) (125 ID) Gefr. Ferdinand B. (19 685) (125 ID) Gefr. Ferdinand M. (22 200) (167 ID) Gefr. Franz B. (17 736) (198 ID) Gefr. Fritz G. (19 768 B) (101 le.Inf.Div.) Gefr. G. (13 517 A) (11 PD) Gefr. Gu. (13
517 A) (11 PD) Gefr. Hans B. (38 051) (269 ID) Gefr. Hans F. (07 735) (Flak-Lehr-Rgt.) Gefr. Hans Joachim C. (06 742 C) (23 ID) Gefr. Heinz B. (05 854) (23 ID) Gefr. Heinz B. (26 391) (291 ID) Gefr. Heinz Sch. (20 158) (Pi.Rgts.Stab 514 z.b.V.) Gefr. Heinz T. del B. (11 320 В) (Res.Laz. Obornik/Warthegau) Gefr. Herbert R. (N11.15) (45 ID) Gefr. Jean Z. (25 130) (Nb.Werf.Rgt. 51) Gefr. Josef B. (25 144 C) (23 ID) Gefr. Ludwig B. (04 650) (296 ID) Gefr. Martin W. (09 378 B) (52 ID) Gefr. Otto St. (46 010) (H.Gr.Nord) Gefr. Paul B. (L 46 281) (Flak-Sondergeräte-Werkst.Zug 13)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Gefr. Werner R. (37 717) (Zug Art.M.P.L.715) Gefr. Wilhelm H. (13 063) (Stab/Bau-Btl.46) Geo. S. (18 719 A) (Art.Rgt. 70) Hptm. Friedrich M. (20 305) (73 ID) Lt. Ernst E. (05 714) (13 PD) Lt. Gerhard S. (04 601 C) (29 ID [mot.]) Lt. Helmut D. (04 255 C) (4 MD) Lt. Helmut H. (39 057) (258 ID) Lt. Joachim H. (18 967) (131 ID) Lt. Otto Sch. (22 353 D) (73 ID) Lt. Willibald G. (N02.5) (57 ID) Mj. Hans R. (21 688) (7 PD) Mj. Hans Sch. (33 691) (H.G.Siid) Obit. August D. (00 319) (131 ID) Obit. Richard D. (35 232) (7 PD) O.Gefr. Ferdi В. (05 261) (197 ID) О.Gefr. Franz F. (01 096) (12 PD) O.Gefr. Fritz N. (20 123) (35 ID) O.Gefr. Heinz B. (05 854) (23 ID) O.Gefr. H.S. (04 497 A) (131 ID) O.Gefr. Joseph B. (25 341) (2 PD) O.Gefr. Konrad F. (09 624 A) (1 ID) O.Gefr. Werner E. (21 389) (73 ID) Paul R. (N02.1) (44 ID) Peter Sch. (18 055) (19 PD) Sold. Albrecht B. (19 997) (20 PD) Sold. Alfred V. (42 616) (36 ID [mot.]) Sold. Carlheinz B. (25 328) (SS-Div. “Wiking” [mot.]) Sold. Hans M. (21 999 B) (262 ID) Sold. Heinz Sch. (41 455) (101 le.ID) Sold. Manfred V. (02 544) (32 ID) Sold. Max Sch. (09 390 E) (17 ID) Sold. Rudolf B. (20 149) (H.Gr.Nord) Sold. Rudolf L. (L 35 512) (4./Ln.Rgt. 12) Sold. Sepp P. (L 34 818) (l.Res.Flak-Abt. 717) Sold. S.K. (16 120 C) (78 ID) Sold. Waldo P. (11 668) (5 ID) Sold. Werner F. (34 911) (H.Gr.Mitte) SS-Sturmm. Eugen F. (09 239) (SS-Rgt. 4, 2. SS-Brigade [mot.]) SS-Sturmm. Hans T. (47 888) (AOK Norwegen) St.Fw. Christoph B. (L 34 215) (Trsp.Kol.d.Lw.9/VII) Uffe. Edmund M. (L 09 244) (Luftwaffe Flak-Rgt. 49) Uffe. Egon N. (06 209 E) (6 ID)
Uffe. Heinz B. (29 524 C) (125 ID) Uffe. Heinz H. (19 836) (6 ID) Uffe. Heinz H. (28 743) (Nachsch.Btl. 563) Uffe. Karl R. (35 672) (5 PD) Uffe. Max F. (38 088 C) (256 ID) Uffe. Rudolf F. (10 203) (267 ID) 367
368 BIBLIOGRAPHY Uffe. Willy P. (19 279 D) (167 ID) Uffe. X.M. (11 800) (707 ID) Werner R. (N97.3) (8 PD) Willi F. (10 273 E) (198 ID) Wm. Artur W. (21 573 B) (129 ID) Wm. Josef L. (22 633 C) (129 ID) Wolfgang A. (04 089) (1 ID) 5. MUSEUMSSTIFTUNG POST UND TELEKOMMUNIKATION (BERLIN, GERMANY) Anton Bohrer, 3.2002.0889 (294 ID) Edgar Steuerwald, 3.2002.1234 (H.Gr.Siid) Elmar Lieb, 3.2002.7255 (2 PzGr) Erich Dohl, 3.2009.1998 (16 Armee) Franz Siebeler, 3.2002.1285 (14 PD) Fritz Pabst, 3.2002.0306 (6 Armee) Georg Fulde, 3.2002.0202 (Luftwaffe) Gerhard Kunde, 3.2002.1941 (68 ID) Hans Albring, 3.2002.0211 (Ostfront) Hans Simon, 3.2002.1288 (12 ID) H.D., 3.2002.0280 (16 PD) Heinz Rahe, 3.2002.0985 (13 PD) Hellmuth H„ 3.2002.7139 (50 ID) Helmut Nick, 3.2002.0274 (Ostfront) Jakob Geimer, 3.2002.0894 (H.Gr.Siid) Johannes Hamm, 3.2002.7184 (1 PzGr) Karl Niinnighoff, 3.2008.1388 (16 PD) Klaus Becker, 3.2002.0224 (H.Gr.Mitte) Klaus K„ 3.2002.0817 (H.Gr.Mitte) Kurt Marlow, 3.2002.0884 (68 ID) Kurt Miethke, 3.2002.0912 (H.Gr.Siid) R.B., 3.2002.7227 (31 ID) Rudolf Oehus, (no archive reference number) (H.Gr.Siid) Walter Neuser, 3.2002.0947 (H.Gr.Mitte) 6. BUNDESARCHIV-MILITÄRARCHIV (BA-MA) (FREIBURG, GERMANY) MSg 1/1147 1/1148, Tagebuch Gen. Lemeben {“Russlandfeldzug”Bd. I: 6. Jun-8. Okt 41 and Bd. II: 10. Okt 41-24. Apr 42) N 19/9, Nachlass von Weichs. Erinnerungen, Ost-Feldzug bis Frühjahr 1942. RH 20-9/16: КТВ AOK9 RH 21-2/927: КТВ Pz.AOK2 RH 21-2/928: КТВ Pz.AOK2 RH 26-6/8: КГБ 6. Inf.-Div. RH 26-6/16: Anlagenband 1 zum КТВ Nr. 5 der 6. Inf.-Div.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 369 RH 27-1/58: КГБ 1. Pz.-Div. RH 27-2/22: КГБ 2. Pz.-Div. RH 27-7/46: КГБ 7. Pz.-Div. RH 27-18/20: КГБ 18. Pz.-Div. RH 27-19/23: КГБ 19. Pz.-Div RW 2/ v. 145,149,153: Wehrmacht-Untersuchungsstelle: “Kriegsverbrechen der russischen Wehrmacht 1941/42” 7. STAATS- U. PERSONENSTANDSARCHIV (DETMOLD, GERMANY) D 107/56 Nr. 4: “Aus Briefen des Adjutanten Inf.Rgt. 18, Oberleutnant Juerg von Kalckreuth.” D 107/56 Nr. 10: KTB Inf.-Rgt. 18, “Der russische Sommerfeldzug mit dem LR. 18” (15.6.30.9.41) 8. INSTITUTE FÜR ZEITGESCHICHTE (IFZ) (MUNICH / BERLIN) MS 506: “Feldzug gegen Russland im Rahmen der 2. Panzer-Armee, 20.6.-4.12.1941.” Feldpost briefe und Tagebuchnotizen Uffz. Robert Rupp. 9. THE HOOVER INSTITUTION ARCHIVES (STANFORD UNIVERSITY, PALO ALTO, CALIFORINA) H 08-22/9: Nachlass Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock (KTB 22.6.-5.1.42) (Copy of Bock diary from the German Federal Military Archives [BA-MA] in Freiburg, Germany.) Primary and Secondary Sources (Books, personal memoirs, Utters, diaries—published and unpublished materiah) Adamovich, Ales, and Daniil Granin. Leningrad under Siege. First-Hand Accounts ofthe Ordeal. Barnsley, England: 2007. Alexander, Christine, and Mark Kunze (eds.). Eastern Inferno: The Journals of a German Pan zerjäger on the Eastern Front, 1941—43. Philadelphia and Newbury: 2010. Aliev, Rostislav. The Siege of Brest 1941. The Red Army’s Stand against the Germans during Operation Barbarossa. Mechanicsburg, PA: 2015. Andres, Kurt Werner. “Panzersoldaten im Russlandfeldzug 1941 bis 1945. Tagebuchaufeeichnungen und Erlebnisberichte.”
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Index A., Wolfgang, 162 Achtyrka, Russia, 249 Adamczyk, Werner, 2 Albring, Hans, 10, 203, 214 Allmendinger, Karl, 324nl67 Alvensleben, Udo von, 40—42, 60-61 A. R. (letter), 219 Army Group Center (German Armed Forces), vii-viii, 6, 17, 54, 102—4, 14849, 190—91, 229-30, 263; order of battle for, 293-96 Army Group North (German Armed Forces), vii, 17, 55, 102-3, 149, 191-92, 264 Army Group South (German Armed Forces), vii, 17-18, 55, 102-3, 149-50, 230, 264 artillery and tanks for German Armed Forces, 305n2, 307n49, 312nll6, 317n56; for Red Army, 309n82, 31ІПІ15, 312nll7, 320nl01, 328n22, 338nl7 Armer, Leopold, 170-71 Aryans, Jews compared to, 203 August 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1-7.8.41; Dittri, Helmuth A., 107; 1.8.41, Belke, Fritz, 105; 1.8.41, L, Rudolf, 106; 1.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 106; 1.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 105; 1.8.41, unknown soldier, 105; 2.8.41, B., Heinz, 107-8; 2.8.41, Schönfeld, Karl, 108; 2.8.41, unknown soldier, 107-8; 3.8.41, B„ Adolf, 109; 3.8.41, Fuchs, Karl, 108-9; 3.8.41, G., Willibald, 381 110-11; 3.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 110; 3.8.41, Köhler, Fritz, 109; 4.8.41, E., Werner, 111; 5.8.41, Gu„ 111; 5.8.41, Lierow, Hans, 112-13; 5.8.41, Matthias, 112; 5.8.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 113; 5.8.41, V., Alfred, 112; 6.8.41, bomber crew member, 114; 6.8.41, J. Z., 113; 6.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 113-14; 7.8.41, Hager, Erich, 114-15; 7.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 115; 7.8.41, Sch., Heinz, 115; 8.8.41, B., Heinz, 115-16; 8.8.41, G„ Willibald, 116-17; 8.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 116; 9.8.41, E., Ernst, 117; 9.8.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 117; 9.8.41, Stehmann,
Siegbert, 117-18; 9/10.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 118; 10.8.41, B„ Adolf, 119; 10.8.41, Stiitzel, Rudolf, 118-19; 11.8.41, B„ Hans, 120; 11.8.41, G„ Willibald, 120-21; 11.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 119-20; 13.8.41, B., Hans, 121; 13.8.41, Stiitzel, Rudolf, 121; 14.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 122; 14.8.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 122-23; 15.8.41, Hans-Otto, 124; 15.8.41, M., Friedrich, 123-24; 15.8.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 123; 17.8.41, E. L., 125; 17.8.41, F„ Eugen, 125; 17.8.41, M., Friedrich, 125-26; 18.8.41, G„ Willibald, 126-27; 18.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 127—28; 18.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 127; 18.8.41, R., Hans, 126; 18.8.41, Sch., Otto, 126; 19.8.41, Sch., Hans, 129; 19.8.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 128; 20.8.41, B.,
382 INDEX Adolf, 129-30; 20.8.41, E., Ernst, 130; 20.8.41, F., Rudolf, 130-31; 20.8.41, M., Ferdinand, 131; 20.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 132; 20.8.41, Scheuer, Alois, 131-32; 22.8.41, W. F., 133; 22.8.41, Willibald, G., 133; 23.8.41, Willibald, G., 134; 24.8.41, D„ Richard, 134-35; 24.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 135-36; 24.8.41, Hager, Erich, 134; 24.8.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 137-38; 24.8.41, M., Edmund, 137; 24.8.41, Meier-Wekker, Hans, 136; 24.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 135; 24.8.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 135; 25.8.41, Stiitzel, Rudolf, 138; 26.8.41, Heinemann, Werner, 140; 26.8.41, Lierow, Hans, 139; 27.8.41, В., Adolf, 140; 27.8.41, Fuchs, Karl, 141; 27.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 140—41 ; 27.8.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 141-42; 28.8.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 142; 29.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 143; 30.8.41, F., Franz, 144; 30.8.41, Heinemann, Werner, 143; 30.8.41, P., Waldo, 144; 30.8.41, Stützei, Rudolf, 144—45; 31.8.41, L„ Alfons, 146; 31.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 147; 31.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 145—46; 31.8.41, Rupp, Robert, 145; 31.8.41, W., Martin, 145; unknown date, S., 104—5 A. V. (letter), 169 Becker, Klaus, 217, 236, 255, 279 Beermann, Werner, 6, 175, 185-86, 248, 275 Belke, Fritz, 105 Belostok, 6, 39, 46, 52, 54, 57, 215 Below, Nicolaus von, 358n88 Beyda, Oleg, 304n74, 304n81 Bidermann, Gottlob, 12 biological weapons, possible use of, 317n58 Blumentritt, Günther, 191 Bock, Fedor von, 17, 54-56, 102-03, 14850, 191,229-30, 263, 287 Bohrer, Anton, 200, 246, 267 Bolshevism, 83; campaigns against, 111; conversion of churches under, 123; German Armed Forces and, response to, 23; Jewish, 8,
15; in Soviet Union, 15 Bopp, Gerhard, 25, 81 Borger, Wilhelm, 238 Braun, Willi, 271 Breitenbach, Hans-Joachim, 196 Bremer, W., 5 Brest-Litovsk fortress, 24, 306n38, 308nn59֊61 Briansk, Russia, 6, 190, 202, 215, Buchbender, Ortwin, 4 Budenny, S. M., 34ln69 Busch, Ernst, 149, 286 Butt, D. M. B„ 352nl30 B. , Adolf, 79, 109, 119, 129-30, 140, 153֊ 54, 180, 202, 212, 227-28, 330ո68 В., Albrecht, 161 В., Carlheinz, 85—86 В., Christoph, 70—71 В., Ferdinand, 63, 98—99 В., Franz, 31 В., Hans, 18-19, 53, 60, 120-21 В., Heinz, 19-20, 62, 107-8, 115-16, 152, 157-58 В., Joseph, 194, 201-2, 241, 258, 268 В., Klaus, 85 В., Ludwig, 29 В., Paul, 82-83 В., Rudolf, 82 Bartov, Omer, 14 “Battle at Kaev,” 150 Beck, Josef, 75-76 C. , Hans Joachim, 7, 244, 272 Canaris, Wilhelm, 32ІПІ34 cemeteries. See military cemeteries censorship. See postal censorship Cherkassy, Russia, 103, 133, 139 Cohrs, Alexander, 35 collective farms, in Soviet Union, 327nl2 Commissar Order, 334nl21 Communism, 183; National Socialism and, 23 concentration camps, 92 criminality, among soldiers: first-tier, 13-14; secondary, 14 cult of death, in Nazi Germany, 355n30 Czerniak, Viktor, 96 D. , August, 257-58 D„ Helmut, 23-24
INDEX D„ Richard, 26, 70, 134-35 December 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.-3.12.41, Henry, Harald, 266; 1.-12.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 266; 1.12.41, Gädeke, Helmut, 265-66; 1.12.41, Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 267; 2.12.41, B„ Joseph, 268; 2.12.41, Bohrer, Anton, 267; 2.12.41, Türk, Hermann, 267-68; 3.12.41, Dohl, Erich, 269-71; 3.12.41, Hamm, Johannes, 269-70; 3.12.41, S„ Gerhard, 269; 3.12.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 268-69; 4.12.41, C., Hans Joachim, 272; 4.12.41, Machemer, Helmut, 271; 4.12.41, unknown author, 271-72; 5.12.41, Linke, Gerhardt, 273; 5.12.41, Türk, Hermann, 272—73; 6.12.41, Sigel, Fritz, 273-74; 7.12.41, H. H., 274; 7.12.41, L., Josef, 274; 7.12.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 274—75; 9.12.41, Beermann, Werner, 275; 9.12.41, R., Karl, 275-76; 9.12.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 276-77; 11.12.41, Linke, Gerhardt, 277; 11.12.41, Postenreider, Heinz, 277; 12.12.41, Machemer, Helmut, 278; 12.12.41, Prüller, Wilhelm, 277; 13.12.41, Postenreider, Heinz, 278; 14.12.41, Becker, Klaus, 279; 14.12.41, Linke, Gerhardt, 279-80; 14.12.41, Postenreider, Heinz, 280; 14.12.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 279; 14.12.41, unknown soldier, 279; 15.12.41, Kreuter, Georg, 281; 15.12.41, Kuchenbrod, Gottfried, 281; 15.12.41, Willy, 281; 12.41, Vogeler, Kurt, 265 defections and desertions, from Russian Army, 146 Dietrich, Otto, 6, 347n43, 357n63 disciplinary procedures, within German Armed Forces, ЗЗЗпІОЗ Dittri, Helmuth A., 65, 89-90, 92-93, 107 Dnepropetrovsk, Russia, 103, 140, 157, 226 Dnepr River, 18, 54-55, 103-04, 108, 117, 119, 121, 126, 130, 139^0, 146, 149, 151, 153, 156-58, 161, 163, 173 Dohl,
Erich, iv, 189, 250-51, 255-56, 259, 261-62, 269-71 Doll, Heinz, 24, 56—57 Döring, Arnold, 28 383 draft horses, during Operation Barbarossa, 310n94; panje horses, 329n38 Dubno, Poland, vii, 61, 31ІПІ02 Dulags. See transit camps Dwenger, Alois, 257 dysentery, within German Armed Forces, 143, 337nl57 E„ Ernst, 117, 130, 157 E., Herbert, 33 E., Werner, 111 Eastern Front (Campaign), 5; brutalization on, 9; combat as defining experience of, 8; ideological antagonisms during, 18; objectives of, Hitler on, 54; order of battle, Germany’s Eastern Army (Ostheer), 285—91; propaganda on, 6-7; racial antagonisms during, 18; wartime letters from, 1—2 Edele, Mark, 347n37 Efferbergen, Hans, 41 ego documents, war letters as, 8 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 357n71 Eichendorff, Joseph von, 308n63 Eickhoff Josef, 237 Einsatzgruppen (murder squads), 54, 344nl30 E. K. (letter), 235-36, 252 E. L. (letter), 125 E. T. (letter), 198 external censorship, 4 F„ Ernst, 100-101 F. , Eugen, 125 F., Franz, 144 F., Hans, 166 F., Konrad, 92 F., Max, 158 F., Rudolf, 130-31, 155-56, 158, 168 F., Werner, 27 F., Willi, 82 Fabich (letter), 67 “fall crisis,” for field post, 5 field post, for German Army: distribution of, 3-4; “fall crisis” for, 5; in Finland, 302n29; organization of, 3-4 Finland: field post for German Army in, 302n29; Operation Barbarossa in, 83, 230
384 INDEX first-tier criminality, among soldiers, 14 food shortages: during Operation Barbarossa, 111 ; ration requirements, for German Armed Forces, 326nl95 Franco-Prussian War, 3 Franzi (letter), 68 Frederick II (King of Prussia), 315nl3 Frenzel, Hans, 14 Fritz (letter), 258 Fritze, Fothar, 11 Fritzsche, Peter, 304n8I Fuchs, Karl, 9, 12, 66, 84, 86, 108-9, 141, 154, 160, 175-76, 181-82, 200, 205, 208-9,215-16, 224 Fulde, Georg, 187-89 Funck, Hans von, 322nl43 G. (letter), iv, 193 G., Friedrich, 50 G., Fritz, 86—87 G„ Willibald, 26-27, 46--Í7, 65-66, 77-78, 90, 110-11, 116-17, 120-21, 126-27, 133-34, 139, 151-52, 155, 158-59, 163-65, 167 Gädeke, Helmut, 265-66 Gauseweg, Fritz, 95-96 Geimer, Jakob, 200-201, 227 Geneva Conventions of 1929, 317n58 Genghis Khan, 257 German Air Force (Luftwaffe): divebombers, 84, 305n3, 307n50, 317n63; force structure in East, 16, 305n3 German Armed Forces ( ( Wehrmacht), xixii, 8-9, 11, 13-14, 32, 35, 53, 69, 102, 120, 124, 148, 155, 158-159, 166, 229, 259, 264, See ako Army Group Center; Army Group North; Army Group South; Operation Barbarossa-, specific topics·, artillery and tanks for, 304-05n2, 307n49, 312nll6, 317n56; Bolsheviks and, response to, 23; cleanliness for, 304n81; clothing issues for, 349n75; composition of, 16; disciplinary procedures within, ЗЗЗпІОЗ; dysentery among, spread of, 143, 337nl57; fear of biological weapons use, 317n58; in Finland, 83; lice issues for, 339n46; in Fithuania, 33—34, 59, 72; military ranks in, 283-84; myths about, 11-12; as National Socialist members, 303n58; Nazi ideology as influence on, 350nl06;
racism of, 304n81; radio stations, 12-, ration requirements for, 326nl95; reorganization of, 309n71; Replacement Army and, 332n92; solidarity among, 14; transport infrastructure for, 362n43; in Ukraine, 40-41; Waffen SS, 132, 182; water issues for, 320nl03; during World War I, 102 German Army Mission in Romania, 93-94 German Army of Norway, 73-74, 80, 83, 89, 117-18, 128, 142, 197, 225, 268 Germany. See Nazi Germany; Nazi party; propaganda Giese, Hans-Albert, 185, 200, 219 Goebbels, Joseph, 6-7, 27, 355n30, 357n63; instruction on letter-writing, 7; propaganda under, 303n42 grain, in Ukraine, 88 Great Britain, Red Army assistance from, 34ln68, 354n20, 359nll5 Great War of 1914-1918. See World War I Gu. (letter), 111 Guderian, Heinz, 17, 54, 103-04, 149-50, 287, 293, 305n9, 328n33 Guicking, Ernst, 177-78, 184, 186, 197-98, 211 Günther, Helmut, 12 H., Heinz, 66, 88 H., Hellmuth, 220-21, 253 H., Helmut, 57 H., Joachim, 223 H„ Wilhelm, 49 Haape, Heinrich, iv, 9, 20, 30-31, 34, 59, 110, 122, 127-28, 135-36, 143, 153, 164, 183-84, 192, 195, 216, 220, 225, 240, 259 Haas, Alfons, 245 Habedanck, Gerd, 21-22 Hagelstram, Sonja, 302ո29 Hager, Erich, 26, 36, 47-48, 78, 97-98, 114-15, 134, 160 Hague Conventions of 1907, 317n58 Hahn, Jochen, 152—53 Haider, Franz, 17, 54, 150 Hamm, Johannes, 246-^17, 269-70 Hans-Otto (letter), 124
INDEX Harnack, Helmut von, 179 Harrisville, David, 11 Hartmann, Christian, 13 H. D. (letter), 244 Heer, Hannes, 9-11, 13 Hegele, Hubert, 21-23, ЗО Heinemann, Werner, 37, 52-53, 78-79, 84, 140, 143, 310ո86 Henry, Harald, 6, 52, 64-65, 204-5, 211, 213, 215, 266 Heppermann, Heinz, 2—3 Hertel, Hans, 39 Huebner, Johannes, 214 Heydrich, Reinhard, 344nl30 H. G. (letter), 180 H. H. (letter), 207, 274 High Command of the Armed Forces (՛Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) , 4, 56, 80, 115 Himmler, Heinrich, 344nl30 Hitler, Adolf, xi, 8, 16-18, 33, 55-56, 10204, 109, 163, 191-92, 230; criticism of, in wartime letters, 5, 355ո35; declaration of war against United States, 264; on objective of Eastern Campaign, 54; War Directive No. 34, 56; War Directive No. 35, 148-49 H. J. (letter), 195 Η. K. (letter), 177 Hoepner, Erich, 17, 286, 294 Hoth, Hermann, 17, 54, 190-91, 289, 296, 322nl43, 325nl90 H. S. (letter), 174-75, 260 Η. T. (letter), 259 Hübner, Fritz, 25-26 Humburg, Martin, 5 internal censorship, 4 Janowitz, Morris, 14 Japan, attack against Pearl Harbor, 264 Jarausch, Konrad, 122—23, 137—38, 154, 170, 173, 196, 205-6, 209, 218-19, 222, 225, 232, 243, 245, 251 Jewish Bolshevism, 8, 15 Judaism, 83; Aryans and, 203; in Russia, 113 July 1941, letters and diary entries from: 7.41, Doll, Heinz, 56-57; 1.7.41, H„ Helmut, 57; 1.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 385 57-58; 1.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 58-59; 1.7.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 58; 2.7.41, Alvensleben, Udo von, 60—61; 2.7.41, B., Hans, 60; 2.7.41, Haape, Heinrich, 59; 2.7.41, M., Ferdinand, 59—60; 2.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 59; 2.7.41, Sahm, August, 60;
2.7.41, V., Manfred, 61- 62; 3.7.41, Pmller, Wilhelm, 63-64; 3.7.41, B., Ferdinand, 63; 3.7.41, B., Heinz, 62; 3.-8.7.41, Lierow, Hans, 64; 3.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 62; 3.7.41, Melchinger, Walter, 62; 3.7.41, Pohl, 62- 63; 4.7.41, Dittri, Helmuth A., 65; 4.7.41, G., Willibald, 65-66; 4.7.41, Henry, Harald, 64-65; 5.7.41, Fabich, 67; 5.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 66; 5.7.41, H., Heinz, 66; 5.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 68; 5.7.41, Melchinger, Walter, 67-68; 5.7.41, R„ Werner, 67; 6.7.41, Franzi, 68; 7.7.41, В., Christoph, 70-71; 7.7.41, D., Richard, 70; 7.7.41, Kreuter, Georg, 70; 7.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 69-70; 7.7.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 69; 8.7.41, Kreuter, Georg, 71-72; 8.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 71; 8.7.41, S„ Hans, 72; 8.7.41, Sch., Peter, 71; 9.7.41, Beck, Josef, 75—76; 9.7.41, H., 73; 9.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 72; 9.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 73; 9.7.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 73-74; 9.7.41, Z„ Jean, 74-75; 10.7.41, Lierow, Hans, 76; 11.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 77; 11.7.41, G., Willibald, 77-78; 11.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 76; 11.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 77; 11.7.41, Sch., Hans, 76; 12.7.41, Scheuer, Alois, 78; 13.7.41, B., Adolf, 79; 13.7.41, Hager, Erich, 78; 13.7.41, Heinemann, Werner, 78-79; 13.7.41, Stützei, Rudolf, 79; 13.7.41, T., Hans, 80; 14.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 80; 15.7.41, Bopp, Gerhard, 81; 15.7.41, divisional Catholic priest, 81; 15.7.41, P., Sepp, 81-82; 15.7.41, Sch., Hans, 80-81; 16.7.41, B„ Paul, 82-83; 16.7.41, B„ Rudolf, 82; 16.7.41, F„ Willi, 82; 16.7.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 83; 17.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 84; 17.7.41, Heinemann, Werner, 84; 17.7.41, Maurer,
Rudolf, 83-84; 18.7.41, G. B„ 84; 19.7.41, B„
386 INDEX Carlheinz, 85-86; 19.7.41, B., Maus, 85; 19.7.41, Sahm, August, 85; 20.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 86; 20.7.41, G„ Fritz, 86-87; 20.7.41, Ohe, Hans, 86; 21.7.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 87; 22.7.41, H„ Heinz, 88; 22.7.41, MeierWelcker, Hans, 87; 22.7.41, Sch., Heinz, 88; 22.7.41, unknown soldier, 87—88; 23.7.41, M. F., 88; 23.7.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 89; 23.7.41, unknown soldier, 89; 24.7.41, Dittri, Helmuth A., 89-90; 24.7.41, G„ Willibald, 90; 24.7.41, Sahm, August, 90-91; 25.7.41, F., Conrad, 92; 25.7.41, S., 91; 26.7.41, Dittri, Helmuth A., 92-93; 26.7.41, H. J., 93-94; 26.7.41, Scheuer, Alois, 92; 26.7.41, W., Eberhard, 93; 28.7.41, E. M., 94; 28.7.41, Meier-Wekker, Hans, 94-95; 28.7.41, S., Hans, 95; 28.7.41, Wessler, Wilhelm, 95-96; 29.7.41, Czerniak, Viktor, 96; 29.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 96-97; 29.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 97; 30.7.41, B„ Ferdi, 98-99; 30.7.41, F., Ernst, 100-101; 30.7.41, Hager, Erich, 97—98; 30.7.41, M., Friedrich, 99100; 30.7.41, Sch., Heinz, 98; 30.7.41, unknown soldier, 98; 31.7.41, Rühle, Adelbert-Ottheinrich, 101; 31.7.41, unknown soldier, 101; unknown date, K„ 56 June 1941, letters and diary entries from: 15.6.41, B„ Hans, 18; 15.6.41, L, Josef, 19; 15-6.41, regimental adjutant, 19; 16.6.41, B„ Hans, 19; 16.6.41, B., Heinz, 19—20; 17.6.41, B., Werner, 20; 21.6.41, Haape, Heinrich, 20; 21.6.41, Habedanck, Gerd, 21-22; 21.6.41, Hegele, Hubert, 21; 21.6.41, Schmidt, Hans Jochen, 20—21; 21.6.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 21; 21./22.6.41, Kalckreuth, Juerg von, 22; 22.6.41, B„ Franz, 31; 22.6.41, B„ Ludwig, 29; 22.6.41, Bopp, Gerhard,
25; 22.6.41, D„ Helmut, 23-24; 22.6.41, D., Richard, 26; 22.6.41, Doll, Heinz, 24; 22.6.41, Döring, Arnold, 28; 22.6.41, F„ Werner, 27; 22.6.41, G., Willibald, 26—27; 22.6.41, Haape, Heinrich, 30-31; 22.6.41, Hager, Erich, 26; 22.6.41, Hegele, Hubert, 22-23, 30; 22.6.41, Hübner, Fritz, 25-26; 22.6.41, Loos, Walther, 24; 22.6.41, M„ Hans, 23; 22.6.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 28-29; 22.6.41, Pabst, Herbert, 32; 22.6.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 23; 22.6.41, R., Herbert, 24; 22.6.41, R., Paul, 29; 22.6.41, Roth, Hans, 27-28; 22.6.41, St., Otto, 31-32; 22.6.41, Stracke, Hermann, 22; 22.6.41, unknown soldier, 30; 22.6.41, unknown soldier from Berlin, 25; 22.6.41, W., 29; 23.6.41, Cohrs, Alexander, 35; 23.6.41, E„ Herbert, 33; 23.6.41, Haape, Heinrich, 34; 23.6.41, Lierow, Hans, 32—33; 23.6.41, Röder, 34—35; 24.6.41, Hager, Erich, 36; 24.6.41, H. C., 35; 24.6.41, Kreuter, Georg, 37; 24.6.41, Lierow, Hans, 36; 24.6.41, Maurer, Rudolph, 35; 24.6.41, P., Willy, 36-37; 24.6.41, Rhein, Ernest-Martin, 36; 25.6.41, Alvensleben, Udo von, 40—41; 25.6.41, Heinemann, Werner, 37; 25.6.41, Hertel, Hans, 39; 25.6.41, Kreuter, Georg, 38; 25.6.41, Kuby, Erich, 38; 25.6.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 39-40; 25.6.41, S. K„ 39; 25.6.41, Vierkorn, Karl-Gottfried, 38; 26.6.41, Alvensleben, Udo von, 41—42; 26.6.41, Efferbergen, Hans, 41; 26.6.41, N., Egon, 41; 26.6.41, R. Heinz, 42-43; 26.6.41, Stützei, Rudolf, 42; 27-6.41, E. J., 44; 27.6.41, G., Willibald, 46-47; 27.6.41, L., Josef, 44; 27-6.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 45; 27.6.41, Pabst, Herbert, 46; 27.6.41, Rhein, Ernst-Martin, 45; 27.6.41, Sahm, August, 43-44; 27.6.41,
Steglich, Martin, 44; 28.6.41, Hager, Erich, 47-48; 28.6.41, Melchinger, Walter, 47; 29.6.41, anonymous, 48-49; 29.6.41, G., Friedrich, 50; 29.6.41, H., Wilhelm, 49; 29.6.41, M„ Ewald, 48; 29.6.41, Rupp, Robert, 50-51; 29.6.41, WiedebachNostitz, Caspar von, 49; 30.6.41, B., Heinz, 53; 30.6.41, Heinemann, Werner, 52-53; 30.6.41, Henry, Harald, 52; 30.6.41, Tilgner, Leo, 52 K„ Maus, 202-3, 212 Kalckreuth, Juerg von, 22
INDEX Kallis, Aristotle A., 351nl 13 Kay, Alex J., 13 Kesselring, Albert, 319n88 Kharkov, Russia, 119, 165, 174, 180, 191, 267 K. H. G. (letter), 150 Kiev, Russia, vii, 17-18, 55, 103-04104, 110, 128, 149-50, 173-74, 176-77, ISO82, 185-86, 190-91, 194, 198, 200, 228; “Battle at Kiev,” 150 Kipp, Michaela, 15 Kischinev, Russia, 99—100 Kleist, Ewald von, 18, 61, 291, 352nl25 Klimaschewski, Emil, 35 Kluge, Günther von, 149, 288, 295 Köhler, Fritz, 109, 176 kolkhoz system, 83, 105, 151 Kraft durch Freude (Strength through Joy) organization, 334nl 17 Kreuter, Georg, 37-38, 70-72, 168, 281, 310n88 Kreutzer, Conradin, 308ո63 Kuby, Erich, 38 Kuchenbrod, Gottfried, 281 Küchler, Georg von, 286 Kühne, Thomas, 12, 14-15, 35ІПІ12 Kummer, Kurt, 337nl57 Kunde, Gerhard, 214-15 Kursk, Russia, 190, 231-33, 242, 248 L. , Alfons, 146 L, Josef, 19, 44, 218, 223, 243-44, 274 L., Rudolf, 106 Lanz, Hubert, 308n64 Latvia, Operation Barbarossa in, 82 Latzei, Klaus, 4 L. B. (letters), 185, 241 Lebedyn, Russia, 249 Leeb, Wilhelm Ritter von, 17, 55, 103, 149, 192, 264, 285 Lemelsen, Joachim, 329n38 Lenau, Nikolaus, 308n63 Leningrad region, Operation Barbarossa in, 55, 188, 191-92, 264 letters. See wartime letters lice issues, for German Armed Forces, 339n46 Lieb, Elmar, 239 Lierow, Hans, 32-33, 36, 64, 76, 112-13, 139, 157 387 Linke, Gerhardt, 273, 277, 279-80 Lithuania, Operation Barbarossa in, 33-34, 59, 72 L. K. (letter), 226 Loos, Walther, 24 Lubbeek, William, 2, 10 Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 209, 214, 240, 267 Luftwaffe, iv, xi, 16-17, 26, 42, 48, 55, 66. 68, 73, 149, 157, 166, 193, 255, 274-75,
330n52, 331n76 M„ Adolf, 156 M. , Albert, 156 M., Edmund, 137 M., Ewald, 48, 160-61 M., Ferdinand, 59-60, 131 M., Friedrich, 99-100, 123-24, 125-26 M., Hans, 23, 153 Machemer, Helmut, 198-99, 201, 204, 207, 210, 212-13, 232, 234, 238-41, 245^6, 252, 256-57, 260-61, 271, 278 Manstein, Erich von, 191, 305n9 Marlow, Kurt, 217-18 masculinity, National Socialism and, 11 Matthias, 112, 150 Maurer, Rudolf, 28-29, 35, 57-58, 62, 76, 80, 83-84, 96-97, 106, 115-16, 118, 140-41, 147, 159, 172, 219-20 May, Karl, 353nl51 media, in Germany: propaganda through, 315n30; war correspondent, letter from, 21-22; wartime letters in, official instructions for, 7-8 Meier-Welcker, Hans, 59, 68, 71—72, 87, 94-95, 113, 117, 123, 136, 151, 161-62 Mein Kampf (Yiiúer), 33 Melchinger, Walter, 47, 62, 67—68 Mennonites, 140 M. H. (letter), iv, 152 Miethke, Kurt, 221, 235, 239 military burials, during Operation Barbarossa, 134-35 Minsk, Russia, vii, 6, 17, 48-49, 51, 54, 66, 75, 83, 122-23, 210, 215, 250; aerial bombing of, ЗІЗпІЗЗ “Miracle of the Marne,” 230 Mogilev, Russia, 6, 99, 131, 215 Mokke, Helmuth James von, 229
388 INDEX Мокке the Elder, 229 morale, of soldiers, wartime letters as influence on, 2 Moscow, Russia, 17, 55-56, 75, 77, 84, 94, 96-98, 103, 106, 114, 119, 133, 139, 148-50, 168, 174; Mozhaisk Defensive Line and, 229; Operation Barbarossa drive toward, 179, 190-91, 195, 200201, 229-31, 263, 271-72 Mozhaisk Defensive Line, 229 Müller, Rolf-Dieter, 13 murder squads. See Einsatzgruppen Mutzenbecher, Geert-Ulrich, 209-10 N., Egon, 41, 199 N„ Fritz, 251-52 National Socialismz’ Communism and, 23; German soldiers as party members, 303n58; Kraft durch Freude organization, 334nll7; masculine ideals under, 11; soldiering under, conceptions of, 7; wartime letters and, as propaganda, 8 Nazi Germanyz: cult of death in, 355n30; declaration of war against United States, 264; High Command of the Armed Forces, 4, 56, 80, 115; Jews compared to Aryans in, 203; nonaggression pact with Russia, 309n77; Poland occupation by, 313nl35; postal censorship in, 3-4; rail infrastructure within, 356n56; Volga Germans in, treatment of, 322nl35 Nazi parry, Jewish Bolshevism as enemy of, 8 Nehring, Walther К., 314ո7, 3l4nl42 Neitzel, Sönke, 12-13 Neuhaus, Albert, iv, 9, 39^10, 45, 58—59, 69-70, 73, 77, 97, 105, 119-20, 127, 132, 135, 145-46, 155, 163-64, 166-67, 169, 175, 193-94, 204, 224, 311ո99 Neuser, Walter, 207-8, 227 Nick, Helmut, 237 NKVD. See Soviet Secret Police Norway. See German Army of Norway November 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 232; 1.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 232; 1.11.41, Nünnighoff, Karl, 231; 1.11.41, Oehus, Rudolf, 231; 1.11.41, Priiller, Wilhelm,
231-32; 2.11.41, Pmller, Wilhelm, 233-34; 2.11.41, X. M., 233; 3.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 234; 4.11.41, E. K, 235-36; 4.11.41, Miethke, Kurt, 235; 4.11.41, Pabst, Fritz, 235; 4.11.41, Roemer, Siegfried, 234; 4.11.41, Stählin, Hans Martin, 235; 5.11.41, Becker, Klaus, 236; 5.11.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 236; 6.11.41, Eickhoff, Josef, 237; 6.11.41, Nick, Helmut, 237; 6.11.41, Riederer, Hans, 237-38; 6.11.41, Scheuer, Alois, 237; 6.11.41, Scheven, Günther von, 236; 6.11.41, Vogeller, Kurt, 237; 7.11.41, Borger, Wilhelm, 238; 7.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 238—39; 8.11.41, Lieb, Elmar, 239; 8.11.41, Miethke, Kurt, 239; 8.11.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 239; 9.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 239— 40; 10-12.11.41, Ludwig, HansHeinrich, 240; 10.11.41, B., Joseph, 241; 10.11.41, Haape, Heinrich, 240; 10.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 240- 41; 11.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 243; 11.11.41, L. B„ 241; 11.11.41, Nünnighoff, Karl, 242; 11.11.41, Pmller, Wilhelm, 242; 11.11.41, R„ Karl, 242-43; 12.11.41, C., Hans Joachim, 244; 12.11.41, H. D„ 244; 12.11.41, L„ Josef, 243—44; 13.11.41, Haas, Alfons, 245; 13.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 245; 14.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 245; 15.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 246; 16.11.41, Bohrer, Anton, 246; 16.11.41, Hamm, Johannes, 246-47; 17.11.41, Beermann, Werner, 248; 17.11.41, W. F„ 247; 18.11.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 248; 18.11.41, Roth, Hans, 249; 18.11.41, Rupp, Robert, 248-49; 19.11.41, anonymous, 249—50; 19.11.41, Dohl, Erich, 250-51; 19.11.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 250; 20.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 251; 20.11.41, W„ Artur, 251; 21.11.41, E. K„ 252; 21.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 252;
21.11.41, N., Fritz, 251-52; 22.11.41, H., Hellmuth, 253; 23.11.41, Rahe, Heinz, 254-55; 23.11.41, Siebler, Franz, 254; 23.11.41, Steuerwald, Edgar, 254; 24.11.41,
INDEX Becker, Klaus, 255; 24.11.41, Dohi, Erich, 255—56; 24.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 256—57; 24.11.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 256; 25.11.41, D., August, 257-58; 25.11.41, Dwenger, Alois, 257; 25.11.41, Oehus, Rudolf, 258; 26.11.41, B., Joseph, 258; 26.11.41, Dohl, Erich, 259; 26.11.41, Fritz, 258; 27.11.41, Haape, Heinrich, 259; 27.11.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 259; 28.11.41, H. S„ 260; 28.11.41, H. T„ 259; 29.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 260-61; 30.11.41, Dohl, Erich, 261—62; 30.11.41, Scheuer, Alois, 261 Nünnighoff Karl, 2, 172-73, 231, 242 Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. See High Command of the Armed Forces October 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 192; 1.10.41, Willy, 192; 2.10.41, G., 193; 2.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 193; 3.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 193; 3.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 193; 4.10.41, B., Joseph, 194; 4.10.41, Pabst, Fritz, 194; 5.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 195; 5.10.41, H. J., 195; 6.10.41, Breitenbach, Hans-Joachim, 196; 6.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 196; 6.10.41, Sigel, Fritz, 195-96; 7.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 197; 8.10.41, E. T„ 198; 8.10.41, Guicking, Ernst, 197-98; 8.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 198-99; 8.10.41, N., Egon, 199; 8.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 199; 8.10.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 197; 9.10.41, Bohrer, Anton, 200; 9.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 200; 9.10.41, Giese, Hans-Albert, 200; 10.10.41, B„ Adolf 202; 10.10.41, B„ Joseph, 201-2; 10.10.41, Geimer, Jakob, 200-1; 10.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 201; 10.10.41, Roth, Hans, 202; 11.10.41, Albring, Hans, 203; 11.10.41, K., Klaus, 202-3; 11.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 204; 11.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 204;
11.10.41, Roth, Hans, 204; 11.10.41, Siebeler, Franz, 203^; 12.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 205; 12.10.41, Henry, Harald, 204-5; 12.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 389 205-6; 12.10.41, Steuerwald, Edgar, 206; 14.10.41, H. H„ 207; 14.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 207; 14.10.41, Witt, Heinrich, 207; 15.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 208-9; 15.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 209; 15.10.41, Neuser, Walter, 207-8; 16.10.41, Henry, Harald, 211; 16.10.41, Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 209; 16.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 210; 16.10.41, Mutzenbecher, Geert-Ulrich, 209-10; 16.10.41, Steuerwald, Edgar, 210; 16.10.41, Thomas, Will, 210-11; 17.10.41, B„ Adolf 212; 17.10.41, Guicking, Ernst, 211; 17.10.41, K., Klaus, 212; 18.10.41, Albring, Hans, 214; 18.10.41, Henry, Harald, 213; 18.10.41, Heubner, Johannes, 214; 18.10.41, Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 214; 18.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 212-13; 18.10.41, Willy, 214; 19.10.41, Kunde, Gerhard, 214-15; 20.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 215-16; 20.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 216; 20.10.41, Henry, Harald, 215; 20.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 216; 21.10.41, Becker, Klaus, 217; 21.10.41, Marlow, Kurt, 217-18; 22.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 218-19; 22.10.41, L., Josef 218; 23.10.41, A. R„ 219; 23.10.41, Giese, Hans-Albert, 219; 23.10.41, H., Hellmuth, 220-21; 23.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 220; 23.10.41, Maurer, Rudolf 219-20; 24.10.41, Miethke, Kurt, 221; 25.10.41, H., Joachim, 221; 25.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 222; 25.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 222; 26.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 224; 26.10.41, H., Joachim, 223; 26.10.41, L„ Josef 223; 26.10.41, Pabst, Fritz, 222-23; 27.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 224; 28.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 225;
28.10.41, Rahe, Heinz, 224-25; 28.10.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 225; 29.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 225; 29.10.41, L. K„ 226; 29.10.41, Rahe, Heinz, 226; 30.10.41, B., Adolf 227-28; 30.10.41, Geimer, Jakob, 227; 30.10.41, Neuser, Walter, 227 Oehus, Rudolf 231, 258 Olte, Hans, 86, 162
390 INDEX Operation Barbarossa. See also Army Group Center; Army Group North; Army Group South; Red Army; Russia: Axis allies in, 16; barbaric violence during, 25-26; “Battle at Kiev,” 150; at BrestLitovsk fortress, 24, 306n38, 308nn5961; draft horses during, 310n94; in East Prussia, 148; Einsatzgruppen in, 54, 344nl30; fatalities during, 102-3; in Finland, 83, 230; food preparation during, 101; food shortages during, 111; German casualties as result of, 55—56; in Latvia, 82; in Leningrad region, 55, 188, 191-92, 264; in Lithuania, 33—34, 59, 72; major battle locations during, 215; military burials during, 134—35; Moscow and, drive toward, 179, 190—91, 195, 200-201, 229-31, 263, 271-72; Mozhaisk Defensive Line and, 229; objectives of, 119, 347n47; opening of Russian churches and, 331n83; opposition resistance to, 120; pace of, 310n92; prisoners of war as result of, 201—2, 239, 244-46; during “quagmire season,” 191; refugees as result of, 29; Russian gangs and, 130; scholarly attention on, 15; SS Leibstandarte and, 264; Third Reich and, as defining event of, 8; in Ukraine, 7, 40-41, 146, 165, 171; War Directive No. 34 and, 56; War Directive No. 35 and, 148—49; water issues during, 320nl03 Operation Sealion, ЗОбпЗб Operation Typhoon, v, viii, 190, 229—30 Ordinance on Communication, censorship under, 4 Orel, Russia, vii-viii, 228, 267, 269 Organisation Todt, 73 P., Sepp, 81-82 P„ Waldo, 144 P., Willy, 36-37 Pabst, Fritz, 171, 194, 222-23, 235, 346nn24—25 Pabst, Helmut, 5—6 Pabst, Herbert, 32, 46 panje horses, 329n38 paper shortages, 1 Pearl Harbor. See Japan Petersburg
(Leningrad), Russia, 133-34, 141, 144-45, 152, 162, 164, 166, 174, 212, 227 Pleshakov, Constantine, ЗІЗпІЗЗ Pohl, Dieter, 13, 62-63 Poland, 307n50: Dubno, vii; Nazi German occupation of, 313nl35 Pöppel, Martin, 12 postal censorship: external, 4; internal, 4; in Nazi Germany, 3-4; under Ordinance on Communication, 4; “scissor in the head” effect and, 4; subversion of, 5 Postenreider, Heinz, 277-78, 280 Potemkin village, 358n85 poverty, in Soviet Union, German soldier’s response to, 8, 73, 3l4nl0 prisoners of war (POWs): German, 12-13; from Operation Barbarossa, 201—2, 239, 244-76; Russian, 201-2, 239, 244—46, 338n28; during World War II, 32ІПІ34 propaganda, Nazi: on Eastern Front, 6-7; under Goebbels, 303n42; through newsreels, 315n30; on Red Army, 190; Soviet Union in, 15; wartime letters as, 8 Priiller, Wilhelm, 23, 58, 63-64, 165, 174, 182, 189, 193, 197, 199, 216, 222, 23134, 242, 248, 266, 277, ЗОбпЗЗ R., Hans, 126 R., Heinz, 42-43 R., Herbert, 24 R„ Karl, 242-43, 275-76 R„ Paul, 29 R., Werner, 20, 67 racism, of German Armed Forces, 304n81 Rahe, Heinz, 186—87, 224—26, 254—55, 352nl4l rail infrastructure: within Nazi Germany, 356n56; within Soviet Union, 33233n98 R. B. (letter), 171 ranks and units for German soldiers, 297300 Red Air Force, 305n4, 331n76 Red Army (Russian Army): aircraft use by, 160; artillery and tanks for, 31 lnl 15, 312nll7, 320nl01, 328n22; biological weapons and, 317n58; British aid to, 34ln68, 354n20, 359nll5; brutality of,
INDEX 106; Commissar Order and, 334nl21; convicts as part of, 96; defections and desertions from, 146, 220—21; force structure of, 16; forest bunkers and, 117-18; gangs and, 130; hunger issues for, 115, 130; inexperienced soldiers in, 362n38; loss of personnel and equipment, 148; Nazi propaganda on, 190; numbers advantage for, 263; as prisoners of war, 2, 7, 201-2, 239, 244-46, 338n28; propaganda by, 343nl08; proscribed ammunition, use of, 309n82, 338nl7; resistance to Operation Barbarossa, 120; Romania seized by, 236nl92; Stalin Line and, 319n84; tenacity of, 80, 118-19; U.S. assistance to, 349n84 Reese, Willy Peter, 10 refhgees, as result of Operation Barbarossa, 29 Reichenau, Walter von, 191, 290 Reinhardt, Hans-Georg, 190, 263, 276 renormalization, of soldiers, 9—11, 14 Replacement Army in Germany, 332n92 Rhein, Ernst-Martin, 36, 45 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 27 Richthofen, Wolfram Freiherr Non, 103, 190 Riederer, Hans, 237-38 Riga, Latviu, 82, 195 Röder (letter), 34-35 Roemer, Siegfried, 234 Roethemeier, Rudi, 96 Romania: German Army Mission in Romania, 93—94; Red Army seizure of, 236nl92 Roslavľ, Russia, 6, 109, 155, 215 Ross, Ralph, 47 Rostov-on-the-Don, 119, 228, 230, 237-38, 254, 256, 264, 271,278 Roth, Hans, 27-28, 171, 173, 178-79, 181-82, 202, 204, 249 Rücker, Wilhelm von, 358n88 Rühle, Adelbert-Ottheinrich, 101 Rundstedt, Gerd von, 17, 103 Rupp, Robert, 50-51, 145, 173-74, 248-49 Russia. See aho Minsk, Russia; Moscow, Russia; Red Army; Smolensk, Russia: Cherkassy, 103, 133, 139; Dnepropetrovsk, 103, 140, 157, 226; Geneva Conventions of 1929 and, 391 317n58; Hague
Conventions of 1907 and, 317n58; Judaism in, 113; Kiev, vii, 17-18, 55, 103-04, 110, 128, 14950, 173-74, 176-77, 180-82, 185-86, 190-91, 194, 198, 200, 228; Kischinev, 99-100; kolkhoz system in, 83, 105, 151; Kursk, 190, 231-33, 242, 248; Lebedyn, 249; Leningrad region, 55; nonaggression pact with Germany, 309n77; Orel, vii-viii, 228, 267, 269; Petersburg (Leningrad), 133-34, 141, 144-45, 152, 162, 164, 166, 174, 212, 227; “quagmire season” in, 191; Tauroggen (Taurage), 39, 310ո96, 310ո99; Terempki, 171, 181; Velikie Luki, 96, 106, 140-41, 261; Vitebsk, 65, 69, 77, 85, 179, 192 Russian Army. See Red Army Rutherford, Jeff, 12, 349n75 S., Geo, 168—69 S., Gerhard, 269 S., Hans, 72, 95 Sahm, August, 9, 43-44, 60, 85, 90-91 Sch., Hans, 76, 80-81, 129 Sch., Heinz, 88, 98, 115, 166 Sch., Max, 159 Sch., Peter, 71 Scheuer, Alois, 78, 92, 131-32, 180, 185, 237, 261 Scheven, Günther von, 236 Schmidt, Friedrich, 51 Schmidt, Hans Jochen, 20-21 Schmidt, Rudolf, 103 Schobert, Eugen von, 290 Schönfeld, Karl, 108 Schroeck, Erich, 7 “scissor in the head” effect, postal censorship and, 4 secondary criminality, among soldiers, 14 September 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.9.41, G„ Willibald, 151-52; 1.9.41, K. H. G„ 150; 1.9.41, Matthias, 150; 1.9.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 151; 2.9.41, B„ Heinz, 152; 2.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 153; 2.9.41, Hahn, Jochen, 152-53; 2.9.41, M„ Hans, 153; 2.9.41, M. H„ 152; 3.9.41, B„ Adolf, 153-54; 3.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 154; 3.9.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 154; 4.9.41, E., Ernst,
392 INDEX 157; 4.9.41, F„ Rudolf, 155-56; 4.9.41, G„ Willibald, 155; 4.9.41, М„ Adolf, 156; 4.9.41, M., Albert, 156; 4.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 155; 6.9.41, В., Heinz, 157-58; 6.9.41, F„ Max, 158; 6.9.41, F„ Rudolf, 158; 6.9.41, G„ Willibald, 158— 59; 6.9.41, Lierow, Hans, 157; 7.9.41, B., Albrecht, 161; 7.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 160; 7.9.41, Hager, Erich, 160; 7.9.41, M„ Ewald, 160-61; 7.9.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 159; 7.9.41, Sch., Max, 159; 8.9.41, A., Wolfgang, 162; 8.9.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 161-62; 9.9.41, G. , Willibald, 163; 9.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 163-64; 9.9.41, Ohe, Hans, 162; 9.9.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 163; 11.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 164; 12.9.41, G„ Willibald, 164-65; 12.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 165; 14.9.41, F. , Hans, 166; 14.9.41, G., Willibald, 167; 14.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 167-68; 14.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 166-67; 14.9.41, Sch., Heinz, 166; 15.9.41, F., Rudolf, 168; 15.9.41, Kreuter, Georg, 168; 15.9.41, S., Geo, 168-69; 16.9.41, Armer, Leopold, 170-71; 16.9.41, A. V., 169; 16.9.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 170; 16.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 169; 16.9.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 170; 17.9.41, Pabst, Fritz, 171; 17.9.41, R. B„ 171; 17.9.41, Roth, Hans, 171; 18.9.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 172; 18.9.41, Niinnighoff, Karl, 172-73; 18.9.41, Roth, Hans, 173; 19.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 173; 20.9.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 173; 20.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 174; 20.9.41, Rupp, Robert, 173-74; 21.9.41, H. S„ 174-75; 21.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 175; 21.9.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 174; 22.9.41, Beermann, Werner, 175; 22.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 175-76; 22.9.41, H. K., 177; 22.9.41,
Köhler, Fritz, 176; 23-24.9.41, B„ Adolf, 180; 2324.9.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 179-80; 23.9.41, Guicking, Ernst, 177-78; 23.9.41, Harnack, Helmut von, 179; 23.9.41, Roth, Hans, 178-79; 23.9.41, Soeffker, 179; 24.9.41, H. G. , 180; 24.9.41, Scheuer, Alois, 180; 24.9.41, unknown doctor, 180; 25.9.41, Roth, Hans, 181; 26.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 181-82; 26.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 182; 26.9.41, Roth, Hans, 182; 27.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 183-84; 27.9.41, Simon, Hans, 182-83; 27.9.41, Soeffker, 184; 28.9.41, Beermann, Werner, 185-86; 28.9.41, Giese, Hans-Albert, 185; 28.9.41, Guicking, Ernst, 184; 28.9.41, L. B„ 185; 28.9.41, Scheuer, Alois, 185; 29.9.41, Dohl, Erich, 189; 29.9.41, Fulde, Georg, 187-89; 29.9.41, Guicking, Ernst, 186; 29.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 189; 29.9.41, Rahe, Heinz, 186-87 Shils, Edward, 14 shortages. See food shortages; paper shortages Showalter, Dennis E., 311-12nll5, 314n3, 317n52, 320nl07, 322nl38, 328n31, 340n52 Siebeler, Franz, 203^1, 254 Sigel, Fritz, 195-96, 273-74 Simon, Hans, 182-83 Slonim, Russia, 36, 46, 48, 83 Smolensk, Russia, 54-56, 84-85, 87, 98, 102, 108, 112, 115, 118, 121, 144, 148, 175, 210; delay of soldiers’ letters to, 2; radio dispatches about, 94 Soefflter (letters), 179, 184 soldiers: criminality among, 13-14; leaders and, comparisons between, 6-7; morale of, 2; under National Socialism, conceptions of, 7; renormalization of, 9-11, 14; in Smolensk, delay of letters to, 2; social isolation of, 14; social research on, 12; split consciousness of, 10; tolerance for violence among, 13 Soviet Air Force (WS), 331n76, 34ln66. See ako
Red Air Force Soviet Secret Police (NKVD), 316n38 Soviet Union. See also Red Army; Russia: collective farms in, 327nl2; German propaganda on, 15; Jewish Bolshevism in, 15; poverty in, 8, 73; propaganda by, 116; rail infrastructure within, 333n98 Spanish Blue Division, 345nl6 split consciousness, of soldiers, 10 SS Leibstandarte, 264
INDEX St., Otto, 31-32 Stählin, Hans Martin, 235 Stalin Line, 318-19n84 Steblin-Kamenskii, Ivan Ivanovich, 14 Steglich, Martin, 44 Stehmann, Siegbert, 73—74, 83, 89, 117-18, 128, 135, 142, 170, 197, 225, 239, 259, 268-69, 279 Sterz, Reinhold, 4 Steuerwald, Edgar, 206, 210, 254 Stieff, Hellmuth, iv, 104, 236, 250, 256, 274-77, 331ո71 Stracke, Hermann, 22, 306n29 Strauss, Adolf, 288, 295 Strength through Joy organization. See Kraft durch Freude organization Stülpnagel, Carl-Heinrich von, 290 StumpfF, Horst, 69 Stützei, Rudolf, 42, 79, 118-19, 121, 138, 144-45 T., Hans, 80 Tauroggen (Taurage), 39, 310n96, 310n99 T. Dell B., Heinz, 128-29 Terempki, Russia, 181 Thomas, Will, 210-11 Tilemann, Walter, 352nl27 Tilgner, Leo, 52 Timoshenko, Army Group, 6, 149 Todt, Fritz, 318n83 transit camps ( Dulags), 137-38 Türk, Hermann, 267-68, 272—73 Typhoon (Operation), v, viii, 190-92, 229-30 Ukraine: grain in, 88; Operation Barbarossa in, 7,40-41, 146, 165, 171 United States: Nazi Germany declaration of war against, 264; Russian Army assisted by, 349n84 V., Alfred, 112 V., Manfred, 61-62 Vaizey, Hester, 8 Velikie Luki, Russia, 96, 106, 140-41, 261 Viaz’ma, Russia, 6, 190, 201-02, 209, 215, 244 Vierkorn, Karl-Gottfried, 38 Vitebsk, Russia, 65, 69, 77, 85, 179, 192 393 Vogeller, Kurt, 237 Volga Germans, 322nl35 Völkische Beobachter, 190 Völmcke, Hans, 35 WS. See Soviet Air Force W„ Artur, 251 W., Eberhard, 93 W„ Martin, 145 Waffen SS, 12, 132, 182 Wagner, Eduard, 192 war correspondents, wartime letters from, 21-22 War Directive No. 34, 56 War Directive No. 35, 148—49 war prisoners. See
prisoners of war wartime letters, during World War II. See aho field post; Operation Barbarossa·, soldiers; specific months; specific topics: comparisons between leaders and soldiers, 6-7; daily volume of, 1; data collection for, 8, 15; from Eastern Front, 1-2; ego documents, 8; emotional impact of, 2-3; as emotional release, 6; function and purpose of, 1 ; in German media, 7-8; German propaganda in, 6-7; from German soldiers, 1; Goebbels’ instructions on, 7; historical value of, 3; Hitler in, criticism of, 5, 355n35; luxury items and, 3; methodological approach to, 8, 15; morale of soldiers influenced by, 2; in National Socialist propaganda, 8; Nazi party in, criticism of, 5; paper shortages and, 1; from POWs, 12-13; social histories of, 3; from top-down perspective, 3; from war correspondents, 21-22; weather issues and, 1-2 water shortages, 320nl03 weather, wartime letters and, delivery influenced by, 1-2 Wehrmacht. See German Armed Forces Weichs, Maximilian von, 294, 331n83 Welzer, Harald, 12-13 Wessel, Horst, 355n30 Wessler, Wilhelm, 95-96 Western Dvina River, 16-17, 54-55, 58-59, 65,69, 72,74-75, 82, 88, 159 Wette, Wolfram, 9
394 INDEX W. F. (letter), 133, 247 Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 21, 49, 69, 87, 141-42, 163, 174, 179-80 Willy (letters), 192, 214, 281 Witt, Heinrich, 207 World War I (Great War): artillery experience during, 113; German war veterans and, 102; letters exchanged during, 3; “Miracle of the Marne,” 230 World War II (in Soviet Russia): as most humane war, 93; prisoners of war during, 32ІПІ34 X. M. (letter), 233 Z„ Jean, 74-75 Ziegler, Karl, 3^4 Zorn, Hans, 318n64 ŕ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents Map: Operation Barbarossa, 22 June-5 December 1941 vii Map: Operation Typhoon, 2 October—5 December 1941 viii Notes on Style ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Operation Barbarossa in the Letters of German Soldiers 2 June 1941 3 July 1941 4 August 1941 1 16 54 102 Photo Essay: Summer 1941 5 6 7 September 1941 October 1941 November 1941 148 190 229 Photo Essay: Fall 1941 8 December 1941 263 Appendix 1. Equivalent Military Ranks (German/American) 283 Appendix 2. Order of Battle of Germany’s Eastern Army (Ostheer) (22 June 1941) 285 Appendix 3. Order of Battle of German Army Group Center (2 October 1941) 293 V
VI CONTENTS Appendix 4. Soldiers of Barbarossa—Names, Ranks, and Units of German Soldiers Whose Field Post Letters and Diary Entries Are Cited in the Narrative 297 Notes 301 Bibliography 365 Index 381
Bibliography Archival Materials 1. NATIONAL ARCHIVES RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA) (COLLEGE PARK, MD) a. Still Pictures Department. RG 242-GAP-286B-4: “German troops in Russia 1941” b. Microfilm Department. RG 242: Captured German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, VA. User Guides to Records of the German Field Commands 2. AIR FORCE HISTORICAL RESEARCH AGENCY (AFHRA) (MAXWELL AFB, AL) “Berichte aus Russland Sommer 1941.” {Hauptmann Herbert Pabst. Staffelkapitän und Gruppen kommandeurin einer Sturzkampfgruppe) (Karlsruhe Document Collection [KDC]: G/VI/3d). '"Der Luftkrieg im Osten gegen Russland 1941.” Aus einer Studie der 8. Abteilung. 1943/1944 (KDC: G/VI/3a). “Die deutschen Flugzeugverluste im ersten Monat (22.6.41-17.7.41) des Krieges gegen Russland.” Nach einer Zusammenstellung der 6. Abteilung des Generalstabes der deutschen Luftwaffe (KDC: G/VI/3a). Piocher, Hermann. The German Air Force Versus Russia, 1941 (No. 153, 1965). --------- . “Einsatz gegen Moskau im Jahre 1941” (KDC). Schwabedissen, Walter. The Russian Air Force in the Eyes of German Commanders (No. 175, I960). Suchenwirth, Richard. Command and Leadership in the German Air Force (No. 174, 1969). 3. US ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE, CARLISLE BARRACKS (Foreign Military Studies [FMS] prepared by former Wehrmacht officers in late 1940s and 1950s for the US Army in Europe): 365
366 BIBLIOGRAPHY D-034: “Diseases of Men and Horses Experienced by the Troops in Russia.” Dr. Erich Rendulic. 1947. D-035: “The Effect of Extreme Cold on Weapons, Wheeled Vehicles and Track Vehicles.” Dr Erich Rendulic. 1947. D-187: “The Capture of Smolensk by the 71st Motorized Infantry Regiment on 15 July 1941.” Genlt. Wilh. Thomas. 1947. D-247: “German Preparations for the Attack against Russia (The German Build-up East of Warsaw).” Genlt. Kurt Cuno. 1947. P-052: “Combat in Russian Forests and Swamps.” Gen. Hans von Greiffenberg. 1951. P-190: “ Verbrauchs- и. Verschleisssätze während der Operationen der deutschen. Heeresgruppe Mitte vom 22.6.41 -31.12.41.” Gen. Rudolf Hofmann Genmaj. Alfred Toppe. 1953. T-6: “Eastern Campaign, 1941-42. (Strategie Survey).” Genlt. Adolf Heusinger. 1947. T-28: “Battle of Moscow (1941—1942).” Gen. Hans von Greiffenberg et al. n.d. T-34: “Terrain Factors in the Russian Campaign.” Gen. Karl Allmendinger et al. 1950. 4. BIBLIOTHEK FÜR ZEITGESCHICHTE (BFZ) (STUTTGART, GERMANY) Flugblattpropaganda im 2. Weltkrieg (1941), Mappe 92-22; 92-26; 92-32; 92-36; 92-38 and 92-40. Albert M. (05 042) (Eisb.Bau-Bd. 511) Friedrich G. (L 29 759) (Stab/Z.G. 26) Fw. Hans M. (28 193 B) (79 ID) Fw. Herbert E. (07 874), (SS “DR”) Gefr. Adolf M. (05 905 D) (260 ID) Gefr. Alfons L. (29 549) (Br.Bau-Btl. 159) Gefr. Eberhard W. (06 323 E) (5 ID) Gefr. Ewald M. (01 137) (125 ID) Gefr. Ferdinand B. (19 685) (125 ID) Gefr. Ferdinand M. (22 200) (167 ID) Gefr. Franz B. (17 736) (198 ID) Gefr. Fritz G. (19 768 B) (101 le.Inf.Div.) Gefr. G. (13 517 A) (11 PD) Gefr. Gu. (13
517 A) (11 PD) Gefr. Hans B. (38 051) (269 ID) Gefr. Hans F. (07 735) (Flak-Lehr-Rgt.) Gefr. Hans Joachim C. (06 742 C) (23 ID) Gefr. Heinz B. (05 854) (23 ID) Gefr. Heinz B. (26 391) (291 ID) Gefr. Heinz Sch. (20 158) (Pi.Rgts.Stab 514 z.b.V.) Gefr. Heinz T. del B. (11 320 В) (Res.Laz. Obornik/Warthegau) Gefr. Herbert R. (N11.15) (45 ID) Gefr. Jean Z. (25 130) (Nb.Werf.Rgt. 51) Gefr. Josef B. (25 144 C) (23 ID) Gefr. Ludwig B. (04 650) (296 ID) Gefr. Martin W. (09 378 B) (52 ID) Gefr. Otto St. (46 010) (H.Gr.Nord) Gefr. Paul B. (L 46 281) (Flak-Sondergeräte-Werkst.Zug 13)
BIBLIOGRAPHY Gefr. Werner R. (37 717) (Zug Art.M.P.L.715) Gefr. Wilhelm H. (13 063) (Stab/Bau-Btl.46) Geo. S. (18 719 A) (Art.Rgt. 70) Hptm. Friedrich M. (20 305) (73 ID) Lt. Ernst E. (05 714) (13 PD) Lt. Gerhard S. (04 601 C) (29 ID [mot.]) Lt. Helmut D. (04 255 C) (4 MD) Lt. Helmut H. (39 057) (258 ID) Lt. Joachim H. (18 967) (131 ID) Lt. Otto Sch. (22 353 D) (73 ID) Lt. Willibald G. (N02.5) (57 ID) Mj. Hans R. (21 688) (7 PD) Mj. Hans Sch. (33 691) (H.G.Siid) Obit. August D. (00 319) (131 ID) Obit. Richard D. (35 232) (7 PD) O.Gefr. Ferdi В. (05 261) (197 ID) О.Gefr. Franz F. (01 096) (12 PD) O.Gefr. Fritz N. (20 123) (35 ID) O.Gefr. Heinz B. (05 854) (23 ID) O.Gefr. H.S. (04 497 A) (131 ID) O.Gefr. Joseph B. (25 341) (2 PD) O.Gefr. Konrad F. (09 624 A) (1 ID) O.Gefr. Werner E. (21 389) (73 ID) Paul R. (N02.1) (44 ID) Peter Sch. (18 055) (19 PD) Sold. Albrecht B. (19 997) (20 PD) Sold. Alfred V. (42 616) (36 ID [mot.]) Sold. Carlheinz B. (25 328) (SS-Div. “Wiking” [mot.]) Sold. Hans M. (21 999 B) (262 ID) Sold. Heinz Sch. (41 455) (101 le.ID) Sold. Manfred V. (02 544) (32 ID) Sold. Max Sch. (09 390 E) (17 ID) Sold. Rudolf B. (20 149) (H.Gr.Nord) Sold. Rudolf L. (L 35 512) (4./Ln.Rgt. 12) Sold. Sepp P. (L 34 818) (l.Res.Flak-Abt. 717) Sold. S.K. (16 120 C) (78 ID) Sold. Waldo P. (11 668) (5 ID) Sold. Werner F. (34 911) (H.Gr.Mitte) SS-Sturmm. Eugen F. (09 239) (SS-Rgt. 4, 2. SS-Brigade [mot.]) SS-Sturmm. Hans T. (47 888) (AOK Norwegen) St.Fw. Christoph B. (L 34 215) (Trsp.Kol.d.Lw.9/VII) Uffe. Edmund M. (L 09 244) (Luftwaffe Flak-Rgt. 49) Uffe. Egon N. (06 209 E) (6 ID)
Uffe. Heinz B. (29 524 C) (125 ID) Uffe. Heinz H. (19 836) (6 ID) Uffe. Heinz H. (28 743) (Nachsch.Btl. 563) Uffe. Karl R. (35 672) (5 PD) Uffe. Max F. (38 088 C) (256 ID) Uffe. Rudolf F. (10 203) (267 ID) 367
368 BIBLIOGRAPHY Uffe. Willy P. (19 279 D) (167 ID) Uffe. X.M. (11 800) (707 ID) Werner R. (N97.3) (8 PD) Willi F. (10 273 E) (198 ID) Wm. Artur W. (21 573 B) (129 ID) Wm. Josef L. (22 633 C) (129 ID) Wolfgang A. (04 089) (1 ID) 5. MUSEUMSSTIFTUNG POST UND TELEKOMMUNIKATION (BERLIN, GERMANY) Anton Bohrer, 3.2002.0889 (294 ID) Edgar Steuerwald, 3.2002.1234 (H.Gr.Siid) Elmar Lieb, 3.2002.7255 (2 PzGr) Erich Dohl, 3.2009.1998 (16 Armee) Franz Siebeler, 3.2002.1285 (14 PD) Fritz Pabst, 3.2002.0306 (6 Armee) Georg Fulde, 3.2002.0202 (Luftwaffe) Gerhard Kunde, 3.2002.1941 (68 ID) Hans Albring, 3.2002.0211 (Ostfront) Hans Simon, 3.2002.1288 (12 ID) H.D., 3.2002.0280 (16 PD) Heinz Rahe, 3.2002.0985 (13 PD) Hellmuth H„ 3.2002.7139 (50 ID) Helmut Nick, 3.2002.0274 (Ostfront) Jakob Geimer, 3.2002.0894 (H.Gr.Siid) Johannes Hamm, 3.2002.7184 (1 PzGr) Karl Niinnighoff, 3.2008.1388 (16 PD) Klaus Becker, 3.2002.0224 (H.Gr.Mitte) Klaus K„ 3.2002.0817 (H.Gr.Mitte) Kurt Marlow, 3.2002.0884 (68 ID) Kurt Miethke, 3.2002.0912 (H.Gr.Siid) R.B., 3.2002.7227 (31 ID) Rudolf Oehus, (no archive reference number) (H.Gr.Siid) Walter Neuser, 3.2002.0947 (H.Gr.Mitte) 6. BUNDESARCHIV-MILITÄRARCHIV (BA-MA) (FREIBURG, GERMANY) MSg 1/1147 1/1148, Tagebuch Gen. Lemeben {“Russlandfeldzug”Bd. I: 6. Jun-8. Okt 41 and Bd. II: 10. Okt 41-24. Apr 42) N 19/9, Nachlass von Weichs. Erinnerungen, Ost-Feldzug bis Frühjahr 1942. RH 20-9/16: КТВ AOK9 RH 21-2/927: КТВ Pz.AOK2 RH 21-2/928: КТВ Pz.AOK2 RH 26-6/8: КГБ 6. Inf.-Div. RH 26-6/16: Anlagenband 1 zum КТВ Nr. 5 der 6. Inf.-Div.
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Index A., Wolfgang, 162 Achtyrka, Russia, 249 Adamczyk, Werner, 2 Albring, Hans, 10, 203, 214 Allmendinger, Karl, 324nl67 Alvensleben, Udo von, 40—42, 60-61 A. R. (letter), 219 Army Group Center (German Armed Forces), vii-viii, 6, 17, 54, 102—4, 14849, 190—91, 229-30, 263; order of battle for, 293-96 Army Group North (German Armed Forces), vii, 17, 55, 102-3, 149, 191-92, 264 Army Group South (German Armed Forces), vii, 17-18, 55, 102-3, 149-50, 230, 264 artillery and tanks for German Armed Forces, 305n2, 307n49, 312nll6, 317n56; for Red Army, 309n82, 31ІПІ15, 312nll7, 320nl01, 328n22, 338nl7 Armer, Leopold, 170-71 Aryans, Jews compared to, 203 August 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1-7.8.41; Dittri, Helmuth A., 107; 1.8.41, Belke, Fritz, 105; 1.8.41, L, Rudolf, 106; 1.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 106; 1.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 105; 1.8.41, unknown soldier, 105; 2.8.41, B., Heinz, 107-8; 2.8.41, Schönfeld, Karl, 108; 2.8.41, unknown soldier, 107-8; 3.8.41, B„ Adolf, 109; 3.8.41, Fuchs, Karl, 108-9; 3.8.41, G., Willibald, 381 110-11; 3.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 110; 3.8.41, Köhler, Fritz, 109; 4.8.41, E., Werner, 111; 5.8.41, Gu„ 111; 5.8.41, Lierow, Hans, 112-13; 5.8.41, Matthias, 112; 5.8.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 113; 5.8.41, V., Alfred, 112; 6.8.41, bomber crew member, 114; 6.8.41, J. Z., 113; 6.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 113-14; 7.8.41, Hager, Erich, 114-15; 7.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 115; 7.8.41, Sch., Heinz, 115; 8.8.41, B., Heinz, 115-16; 8.8.41, G„ Willibald, 116-17; 8.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 116; 9.8.41, E., Ernst, 117; 9.8.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 117; 9.8.41, Stehmann,
Siegbert, 117-18; 9/10.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 118; 10.8.41, B„ Adolf, 119; 10.8.41, Stiitzel, Rudolf, 118-19; 11.8.41, B„ Hans, 120; 11.8.41, G„ Willibald, 120-21; 11.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 119-20; 13.8.41, B., Hans, 121; 13.8.41, Stiitzel, Rudolf, 121; 14.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 122; 14.8.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 122-23; 15.8.41, Hans-Otto, 124; 15.8.41, M., Friedrich, 123-24; 15.8.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 123; 17.8.41, E. L., 125; 17.8.41, F„ Eugen, 125; 17.8.41, M., Friedrich, 125-26; 18.8.41, G„ Willibald, 126-27; 18.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 127—28; 18.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 127; 18.8.41, R., Hans, 126; 18.8.41, Sch., Otto, 126; 19.8.41, Sch., Hans, 129; 19.8.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 128; 20.8.41, B.,
382 INDEX Adolf, 129-30; 20.8.41, E., Ernst, 130; 20.8.41, F., Rudolf, 130-31; 20.8.41, M., Ferdinand, 131; 20.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 132; 20.8.41, Scheuer, Alois, 131-32; 22.8.41, W. F., 133; 22.8.41, Willibald, G., 133; 23.8.41, Willibald, G., 134; 24.8.41, D„ Richard, 134-35; 24.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 135-36; 24.8.41, Hager, Erich, 134; 24.8.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 137-38; 24.8.41, M., Edmund, 137; 24.8.41, Meier-Wekker, Hans, 136; 24.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 135; 24.8.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 135; 25.8.41, Stiitzel, Rudolf, 138; 26.8.41, Heinemann, Werner, 140; 26.8.41, Lierow, Hans, 139; 27.8.41, В., Adolf, 140; 27.8.41, Fuchs, Karl, 141; 27.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 140—41 ; 27.8.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 141-42; 28.8.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 142; 29.8.41, Haape, Heinrich, 143; 30.8.41, F., Franz, 144; 30.8.41, Heinemann, Werner, 143; 30.8.41, P., Waldo, 144; 30.8.41, Stützei, Rudolf, 144—45; 31.8.41, L„ Alfons, 146; 31.8.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 147; 31.8.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 145—46; 31.8.41, Rupp, Robert, 145; 31.8.41, W., Martin, 145; unknown date, S., 104—5 A. V. (letter), 169 Becker, Klaus, 217, 236, 255, 279 Beermann, Werner, 6, 175, 185-86, 248, 275 Belke, Fritz, 105 Belostok, 6, 39, 46, 52, 54, 57, 215 Below, Nicolaus von, 358n88 Beyda, Oleg, 304n74, 304n81 Bidermann, Gottlob, 12 biological weapons, possible use of, 317n58 Blumentritt, Günther, 191 Bock, Fedor von, 17, 54-56, 102-03, 14850, 191,229-30, 263, 287 Bohrer, Anton, 200, 246, 267 Bolshevism, 83; campaigns against, 111; conversion of churches under, 123; German Armed Forces and, response to, 23; Jewish, 8,
15; in Soviet Union, 15 Bopp, Gerhard, 25, 81 Borger, Wilhelm, 238 Braun, Willi, 271 Breitenbach, Hans-Joachim, 196 Bremer, W., 5 Brest-Litovsk fortress, 24, 306n38, 308nn59֊61 Briansk, Russia, 6, 190, 202, 215, Buchbender, Ortwin, 4 Budenny, S. M., 34ln69 Busch, Ernst, 149, 286 Butt, D. M. B„ 352nl30 B. , Adolf, 79, 109, 119, 129-30, 140, 153֊ 54, 180, 202, 212, 227-28, 330ո68 В., Albrecht, 161 В., Carlheinz, 85—86 В., Christoph, 70—71 В., Ferdinand, 63, 98—99 В., Franz, 31 В., Hans, 18-19, 53, 60, 120-21 В., Heinz, 19-20, 62, 107-8, 115-16, 152, 157-58 В., Joseph, 194, 201-2, 241, 258, 268 В., Klaus, 85 В., Ludwig, 29 В., Paul, 82-83 В., Rudolf, 82 Bartov, Omer, 14 “Battle at Kaev,” 150 Beck, Josef, 75-76 C. , Hans Joachim, 7, 244, 272 Canaris, Wilhelm, 32ІПІ34 cemeteries. See military cemeteries censorship. See postal censorship Cherkassy, Russia, 103, 133, 139 Cohrs, Alexander, 35 collective farms, in Soviet Union, 327nl2 Commissar Order, 334nl21 Communism, 183; National Socialism and, 23 concentration camps, 92 criminality, among soldiers: first-tier, 13-14; secondary, 14 cult of death, in Nazi Germany, 355n30 Czerniak, Viktor, 96 D. , August, 257-58 D„ Helmut, 23-24
INDEX D„ Richard, 26, 70, 134-35 December 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.-3.12.41, Henry, Harald, 266; 1.-12.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 266; 1.12.41, Gädeke, Helmut, 265-66; 1.12.41, Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 267; 2.12.41, B„ Joseph, 268; 2.12.41, Bohrer, Anton, 267; 2.12.41, Türk, Hermann, 267-68; 3.12.41, Dohl, Erich, 269-71; 3.12.41, Hamm, Johannes, 269-70; 3.12.41, S„ Gerhard, 269; 3.12.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 268-69; 4.12.41, C., Hans Joachim, 272; 4.12.41, Machemer, Helmut, 271; 4.12.41, unknown author, 271-72; 5.12.41, Linke, Gerhardt, 273; 5.12.41, Türk, Hermann, 272—73; 6.12.41, Sigel, Fritz, 273-74; 7.12.41, H. H., 274; 7.12.41, L., Josef, 274; 7.12.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 274—75; 9.12.41, Beermann, Werner, 275; 9.12.41, R., Karl, 275-76; 9.12.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 276-77; 11.12.41, Linke, Gerhardt, 277; 11.12.41, Postenreider, Heinz, 277; 12.12.41, Machemer, Helmut, 278; 12.12.41, Prüller, Wilhelm, 277; 13.12.41, Postenreider, Heinz, 278; 14.12.41, Becker, Klaus, 279; 14.12.41, Linke, Gerhardt, 279-80; 14.12.41, Postenreider, Heinz, 280; 14.12.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 279; 14.12.41, unknown soldier, 279; 15.12.41, Kreuter, Georg, 281; 15.12.41, Kuchenbrod, Gottfried, 281; 15.12.41, Willy, 281; 12.41, Vogeler, Kurt, 265 defections and desertions, from Russian Army, 146 Dietrich, Otto, 6, 347n43, 357n63 disciplinary procedures, within German Armed Forces, ЗЗЗпІОЗ Dittri, Helmuth A., 65, 89-90, 92-93, 107 Dnepropetrovsk, Russia, 103, 140, 157, 226 Dnepr River, 18, 54-55, 103-04, 108, 117, 119, 121, 126, 130, 139^0, 146, 149, 151, 153, 156-58, 161, 163, 173 Dohl,
Erich, iv, 189, 250-51, 255-56, 259, 261-62, 269-71 Doll, Heinz, 24, 56—57 Döring, Arnold, 28 383 draft horses, during Operation Barbarossa, 310n94; panje horses, 329n38 Dubno, Poland, vii, 61, 31ІПІ02 Dulags. See transit camps Dwenger, Alois, 257 dysentery, within German Armed Forces, 143, 337nl57 E„ Ernst, 117, 130, 157 E., Herbert, 33 E., Werner, 111 Eastern Front (Campaign), 5; brutalization on, 9; combat as defining experience of, 8; ideological antagonisms during, 18; objectives of, Hitler on, 54; order of battle, Germany’s Eastern Army (Ostheer), 285—91; propaganda on, 6-7; racial antagonisms during, 18; wartime letters from, 1—2 Edele, Mark, 347n37 Efferbergen, Hans, 41 ego documents, war letters as, 8 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 357n71 Eichendorff, Joseph von, 308n63 Eickhoff Josef, 237 Einsatzgruppen (murder squads), 54, 344nl30 E. K. (letter), 235-36, 252 E. L. (letter), 125 E. T. (letter), 198 external censorship, 4 F„ Ernst, 100-101 F. , Eugen, 125 F., Franz, 144 F., Hans, 166 F., Konrad, 92 F., Max, 158 F., Rudolf, 130-31, 155-56, 158, 168 F., Werner, 27 F., Willi, 82 Fabich (letter), 67 “fall crisis,” for field post, 5 field post, for German Army: distribution of, 3-4; “fall crisis” for, 5; in Finland, 302n29; organization of, 3-4 Finland: field post for German Army in, 302n29; Operation Barbarossa in, 83, 230
384 INDEX first-tier criminality, among soldiers, 14 food shortages: during Operation Barbarossa, 111 ; ration requirements, for German Armed Forces, 326nl95 Franco-Prussian War, 3 Franzi (letter), 68 Frederick II (King of Prussia), 315nl3 Frenzel, Hans, 14 Fritz (letter), 258 Fritze, Fothar, 11 Fritzsche, Peter, 304n8I Fuchs, Karl, 9, 12, 66, 84, 86, 108-9, 141, 154, 160, 175-76, 181-82, 200, 205, 208-9,215-16, 224 Fulde, Georg, 187-89 Funck, Hans von, 322nl43 G. (letter), iv, 193 G., Friedrich, 50 G., Fritz, 86—87 G„ Willibald, 26-27, 46--Í7, 65-66, 77-78, 90, 110-11, 116-17, 120-21, 126-27, 133-34, 139, 151-52, 155, 158-59, 163-65, 167 Gädeke, Helmut, 265-66 Gauseweg, Fritz, 95-96 Geimer, Jakob, 200-201, 227 Geneva Conventions of 1929, 317n58 Genghis Khan, 257 German Air Force (Luftwaffe): divebombers, 84, 305n3, 307n50, 317n63; force structure in East, 16, 305n3 German Armed Forces ( ( Wehrmacht), xixii, 8-9, 11, 13-14, 32, 35, 53, 69, 102, 120, 124, 148, 155, 158-159, 166, 229, 259, 264, See ako Army Group Center; Army Group North; Army Group South; Operation Barbarossa-, specific topics·, artillery and tanks for, 304-05n2, 307n49, 312nll6, 317n56; Bolsheviks and, response to, 23; cleanliness for, 304n81; clothing issues for, 349n75; composition of, 16; disciplinary procedures within, ЗЗЗпІОЗ; dysentery among, spread of, 143, 337nl57; fear of biological weapons use, 317n58; in Finland, 83; lice issues for, 339n46; in Fithuania, 33—34, 59, 72; military ranks in, 283-84; myths about, 11-12; as National Socialist members, 303n58; Nazi ideology as influence on, 350nl06;
racism of, 304n81; radio stations, 12-, ration requirements for, 326nl95; reorganization of, 309n71; Replacement Army and, 332n92; solidarity among, 14; transport infrastructure for, 362n43; in Ukraine, 40-41; Waffen SS, 132, 182; water issues for, 320nl03; during World War I, 102 German Army Mission in Romania, 93-94 German Army of Norway, 73-74, 80, 83, 89, 117-18, 128, 142, 197, 225, 268 Germany. See Nazi Germany; Nazi party; propaganda Giese, Hans-Albert, 185, 200, 219 Goebbels, Joseph, 6-7, 27, 355n30, 357n63; instruction on letter-writing, 7; propaganda under, 303n42 grain, in Ukraine, 88 Great Britain, Red Army assistance from, 34ln68, 354n20, 359nll5 Great War of 1914-1918. See World War I Gu. (letter), 111 Guderian, Heinz, 17, 54, 103-04, 149-50, 287, 293, 305n9, 328n33 Guicking, Ernst, 177-78, 184, 186, 197-98, 211 Günther, Helmut, 12 H., Heinz, 66, 88 H., Hellmuth, 220-21, 253 H., Helmut, 57 H., Joachim, 223 H„ Wilhelm, 49 Haape, Heinrich, iv, 9, 20, 30-31, 34, 59, 110, 122, 127-28, 135-36, 143, 153, 164, 183-84, 192, 195, 216, 220, 225, 240, 259 Haas, Alfons, 245 Habedanck, Gerd, 21-22 Hagelstram, Sonja, 302ո29 Hager, Erich, 26, 36, 47-48, 78, 97-98, 114-15, 134, 160 Hague Conventions of 1907, 317n58 Hahn, Jochen, 152—53 Haider, Franz, 17, 54, 150 Hamm, Johannes, 246-^17, 269-70 Hans-Otto (letter), 124
INDEX Harnack, Helmut von, 179 Harrisville, David, 11 Hartmann, Christian, 13 H. D. (letter), 244 Heer, Hannes, 9-11, 13 Hegele, Hubert, 21-23, ЗО Heinemann, Werner, 37, 52-53, 78-79, 84, 140, 143, 310ո86 Henry, Harald, 6, 52, 64-65, 204-5, 211, 213, 215, 266 Heppermann, Heinz, 2—3 Hertel, Hans, 39 Huebner, Johannes, 214 Heydrich, Reinhard, 344nl30 H. G. (letter), 180 H. H. (letter), 207, 274 High Command of the Armed Forces (՛Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) , 4, 56, 80, 115 Himmler, Heinrich, 344nl30 Hitler, Adolf, xi, 8, 16-18, 33, 55-56, 10204, 109, 163, 191-92, 230; criticism of, in wartime letters, 5, 355ո35; declaration of war against United States, 264; on objective of Eastern Campaign, 54; War Directive No. 34, 56; War Directive No. 35, 148-49 H. J. (letter), 195 Η. K. (letter), 177 Hoepner, Erich, 17, 286, 294 Hoth, Hermann, 17, 54, 190-91, 289, 296, 322nl43, 325nl90 H. S. (letter), 174-75, 260 Η. T. (letter), 259 Hübner, Fritz, 25-26 Humburg, Martin, 5 internal censorship, 4 Janowitz, Morris, 14 Japan, attack against Pearl Harbor, 264 Jarausch, Konrad, 122—23, 137—38, 154, 170, 173, 196, 205-6, 209, 218-19, 222, 225, 232, 243, 245, 251 Jewish Bolshevism, 8, 15 Judaism, 83; Aryans and, 203; in Russia, 113 July 1941, letters and diary entries from: 7.41, Doll, Heinz, 56-57; 1.7.41, H„ Helmut, 57; 1.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 385 57-58; 1.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 58-59; 1.7.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 58; 2.7.41, Alvensleben, Udo von, 60—61; 2.7.41, B., Hans, 60; 2.7.41, Haape, Heinrich, 59; 2.7.41, M., Ferdinand, 59—60; 2.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 59; 2.7.41, Sahm, August, 60;
2.7.41, V., Manfred, 61- 62; 3.7.41, Pmller, Wilhelm, 63-64; 3.7.41, B., Ferdinand, 63; 3.7.41, B., Heinz, 62; 3.-8.7.41, Lierow, Hans, 64; 3.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 62; 3.7.41, Melchinger, Walter, 62; 3.7.41, Pohl, 62- 63; 4.7.41, Dittri, Helmuth A., 65; 4.7.41, G., Willibald, 65-66; 4.7.41, Henry, Harald, 64-65; 5.7.41, Fabich, 67; 5.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 66; 5.7.41, H., Heinz, 66; 5.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 68; 5.7.41, Melchinger, Walter, 67-68; 5.7.41, R„ Werner, 67; 6.7.41, Franzi, 68; 7.7.41, В., Christoph, 70-71; 7.7.41, D., Richard, 70; 7.7.41, Kreuter, Georg, 70; 7.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 69-70; 7.7.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 69; 8.7.41, Kreuter, Georg, 71-72; 8.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 71; 8.7.41, S„ Hans, 72; 8.7.41, Sch., Peter, 71; 9.7.41, Beck, Josef, 75—76; 9.7.41, H., 73; 9.7.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 72; 9.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 73; 9.7.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 73-74; 9.7.41, Z„ Jean, 74-75; 10.7.41, Lierow, Hans, 76; 11.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 77; 11.7.41, G., Willibald, 77-78; 11.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 76; 11.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 77; 11.7.41, Sch., Hans, 76; 12.7.41, Scheuer, Alois, 78; 13.7.41, B., Adolf, 79; 13.7.41, Hager, Erich, 78; 13.7.41, Heinemann, Werner, 78-79; 13.7.41, Stützei, Rudolf, 79; 13.7.41, T., Hans, 80; 14.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 80; 15.7.41, Bopp, Gerhard, 81; 15.7.41, divisional Catholic priest, 81; 15.7.41, P., Sepp, 81-82; 15.7.41, Sch., Hans, 80-81; 16.7.41, B„ Paul, 82-83; 16.7.41, B„ Rudolf, 82; 16.7.41, F„ Willi, 82; 16.7.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 83; 17.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 84; 17.7.41, Heinemann, Werner, 84; 17.7.41, Maurer,
Rudolf, 83-84; 18.7.41, G. B„ 84; 19.7.41, B„
386 INDEX Carlheinz, 85-86; 19.7.41, B., Maus, 85; 19.7.41, Sahm, August, 85; 20.7.41, Fuchs, Karl, 86; 20.7.41, G„ Fritz, 86-87; 20.7.41, Ohe, Hans, 86; 21.7.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 87; 22.7.41, H„ Heinz, 88; 22.7.41, MeierWelcker, Hans, 87; 22.7.41, Sch., Heinz, 88; 22.7.41, unknown soldier, 87—88; 23.7.41, M. F., 88; 23.7.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 89; 23.7.41, unknown soldier, 89; 24.7.41, Dittri, Helmuth A., 89-90; 24.7.41, G„ Willibald, 90; 24.7.41, Sahm, August, 90-91; 25.7.41, F., Conrad, 92; 25.7.41, S., 91; 26.7.41, Dittri, Helmuth A., 92-93; 26.7.41, H. J., 93-94; 26.7.41, Scheuer, Alois, 92; 26.7.41, W., Eberhard, 93; 28.7.41, E. M., 94; 28.7.41, Meier-Wekker, Hans, 94-95; 28.7.41, S., Hans, 95; 28.7.41, Wessler, Wilhelm, 95-96; 29.7.41, Czerniak, Viktor, 96; 29.7.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 96-97; 29.7.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 97; 30.7.41, B„ Ferdi, 98-99; 30.7.41, F., Ernst, 100-101; 30.7.41, Hager, Erich, 97—98; 30.7.41, M., Friedrich, 99100; 30.7.41, Sch., Heinz, 98; 30.7.41, unknown soldier, 98; 31.7.41, Rühle, Adelbert-Ottheinrich, 101; 31.7.41, unknown soldier, 101; unknown date, K„ 56 June 1941, letters and diary entries from: 15.6.41, B„ Hans, 18; 15.6.41, L, Josef, 19; 15-6.41, regimental adjutant, 19; 16.6.41, B„ Hans, 19; 16.6.41, B., Heinz, 19—20; 17.6.41, B., Werner, 20; 21.6.41, Haape, Heinrich, 20; 21.6.41, Habedanck, Gerd, 21-22; 21.6.41, Hegele, Hubert, 21; 21.6.41, Schmidt, Hans Jochen, 20—21; 21.6.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 21; 21./22.6.41, Kalckreuth, Juerg von, 22; 22.6.41, B„ Franz, 31; 22.6.41, B„ Ludwig, 29; 22.6.41, Bopp, Gerhard,
25; 22.6.41, D„ Helmut, 23-24; 22.6.41, D., Richard, 26; 22.6.41, Doll, Heinz, 24; 22.6.41, Döring, Arnold, 28; 22.6.41, F„ Werner, 27; 22.6.41, G., Willibald, 26—27; 22.6.41, Haape, Heinrich, 30-31; 22.6.41, Hager, Erich, 26; 22.6.41, Hegele, Hubert, 22-23, 30; 22.6.41, Hübner, Fritz, 25-26; 22.6.41, Loos, Walther, 24; 22.6.41, M„ Hans, 23; 22.6.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 28-29; 22.6.41, Pabst, Herbert, 32; 22.6.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 23; 22.6.41, R., Herbert, 24; 22.6.41, R., Paul, 29; 22.6.41, Roth, Hans, 27-28; 22.6.41, St., Otto, 31-32; 22.6.41, Stracke, Hermann, 22; 22.6.41, unknown soldier, 30; 22.6.41, unknown soldier from Berlin, 25; 22.6.41, W., 29; 23.6.41, Cohrs, Alexander, 35; 23.6.41, E„ Herbert, 33; 23.6.41, Haape, Heinrich, 34; 23.6.41, Lierow, Hans, 32—33; 23.6.41, Röder, 34—35; 24.6.41, Hager, Erich, 36; 24.6.41, H. C., 35; 24.6.41, Kreuter, Georg, 37; 24.6.41, Lierow, Hans, 36; 24.6.41, Maurer, Rudolph, 35; 24.6.41, P., Willy, 36-37; 24.6.41, Rhein, Ernest-Martin, 36; 25.6.41, Alvensleben, Udo von, 40—41; 25.6.41, Heinemann, Werner, 37; 25.6.41, Hertel, Hans, 39; 25.6.41, Kreuter, Georg, 38; 25.6.41, Kuby, Erich, 38; 25.6.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 39-40; 25.6.41, S. K„ 39; 25.6.41, Vierkorn, Karl-Gottfried, 38; 26.6.41, Alvensleben, Udo von, 41—42; 26.6.41, Efferbergen, Hans, 41; 26.6.41, N., Egon, 41; 26.6.41, R. Heinz, 42-43; 26.6.41, Stützei, Rudolf, 42; 27-6.41, E. J., 44; 27.6.41, G., Willibald, 46-47; 27.6.41, L., Josef, 44; 27-6.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 45; 27.6.41, Pabst, Herbert, 46; 27.6.41, Rhein, Ernst-Martin, 45; 27.6.41, Sahm, August, 43-44; 27.6.41,
Steglich, Martin, 44; 28.6.41, Hager, Erich, 47-48; 28.6.41, Melchinger, Walter, 47; 29.6.41, anonymous, 48-49; 29.6.41, G., Friedrich, 50; 29.6.41, H., Wilhelm, 49; 29.6.41, M„ Ewald, 48; 29.6.41, Rupp, Robert, 50-51; 29.6.41, WiedebachNostitz, Caspar von, 49; 30.6.41, B., Heinz, 53; 30.6.41, Heinemann, Werner, 52-53; 30.6.41, Henry, Harald, 52; 30.6.41, Tilgner, Leo, 52 K„ Maus, 202-3, 212 Kalckreuth, Juerg von, 22
INDEX Kallis, Aristotle A., 351nl 13 Kay, Alex J., 13 Kesselring, Albert, 319n88 Kharkov, Russia, 119, 165, 174, 180, 191, 267 K. H. G. (letter), 150 Kiev, Russia, vii, 17-18, 55, 103-04104, 110, 128, 149-50, 173-74, 176-77, ISO82, 185-86, 190-91, 194, 198, 200, 228; “Battle at Kiev,” 150 Kipp, Michaela, 15 Kischinev, Russia, 99—100 Kleist, Ewald von, 18, 61, 291, 352nl25 Klimaschewski, Emil, 35 Kluge, Günther von, 149, 288, 295 Köhler, Fritz, 109, 176 kolkhoz system, 83, 105, 151 Kraft durch Freude (Strength through Joy) organization, 334nl 17 Kreuter, Georg, 37-38, 70-72, 168, 281, 310n88 Kreutzer, Conradin, 308ո63 Kuby, Erich, 38 Kuchenbrod, Gottfried, 281 Küchler, Georg von, 286 Kühne, Thomas, 12, 14-15, 35ІПІ12 Kummer, Kurt, 337nl57 Kunde, Gerhard, 214-15 Kursk, Russia, 190, 231-33, 242, 248 L. , Alfons, 146 L, Josef, 19, 44, 218, 223, 243-44, 274 L., Rudolf, 106 Lanz, Hubert, 308n64 Latvia, Operation Barbarossa in, 82 Latzei, Klaus, 4 L. B. (letters), 185, 241 Lebedyn, Russia, 249 Leeb, Wilhelm Ritter von, 17, 55, 103, 149, 192, 264, 285 Lemelsen, Joachim, 329n38 Lenau, Nikolaus, 308n63 Leningrad region, Operation Barbarossa in, 55, 188, 191-92, 264 letters. See wartime letters lice issues, for German Armed Forces, 339n46 Lieb, Elmar, 239 Lierow, Hans, 32-33, 36, 64, 76, 112-13, 139, 157 387 Linke, Gerhardt, 273, 277, 279-80 Lithuania, Operation Barbarossa in, 33-34, 59, 72 L. K. (letter), 226 Loos, Walther, 24 Lubbeek, William, 2, 10 Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 209, 214, 240, 267 Luftwaffe, iv, xi, 16-17, 26, 42, 48, 55, 66. 68, 73, 149, 157, 166, 193, 255, 274-75,
330n52, 331n76 M„ Adolf, 156 M. , Albert, 156 M., Edmund, 137 M., Ewald, 48, 160-61 M., Ferdinand, 59-60, 131 M., Friedrich, 99-100, 123-24, 125-26 M., Hans, 23, 153 Machemer, Helmut, 198-99, 201, 204, 207, 210, 212-13, 232, 234, 238-41, 245^6, 252, 256-57, 260-61, 271, 278 Manstein, Erich von, 191, 305n9 Marlow, Kurt, 217-18 masculinity, National Socialism and, 11 Matthias, 112, 150 Maurer, Rudolf, 28-29, 35, 57-58, 62, 76, 80, 83-84, 96-97, 106, 115-16, 118, 140-41, 147, 159, 172, 219-20 May, Karl, 353nl51 media, in Germany: propaganda through, 315n30; war correspondent, letter from, 21-22; wartime letters in, official instructions for, 7-8 Meier-Welcker, Hans, 59, 68, 71—72, 87, 94-95, 113, 117, 123, 136, 151, 161-62 Mein Kampf (Yiiúer), 33 Melchinger, Walter, 47, 62, 67—68 Mennonites, 140 M. H. (letter), iv, 152 Miethke, Kurt, 221, 235, 239 military burials, during Operation Barbarossa, 134-35 Minsk, Russia, vii, 6, 17, 48-49, 51, 54, 66, 75, 83, 122-23, 210, 215, 250; aerial bombing of, ЗІЗпІЗЗ “Miracle of the Marne,” 230 Mogilev, Russia, 6, 99, 131, 215 Mokke, Helmuth James von, 229
388 INDEX Мокке the Elder, 229 morale, of soldiers, wartime letters as influence on, 2 Moscow, Russia, 17, 55-56, 75, 77, 84, 94, 96-98, 103, 106, 114, 119, 133, 139, 148-50, 168, 174; Mozhaisk Defensive Line and, 229; Operation Barbarossa drive toward, 179, 190-91, 195, 200201, 229-31, 263, 271-72 Mozhaisk Defensive Line, 229 Müller, Rolf-Dieter, 13 murder squads. See Einsatzgruppen Mutzenbecher, Geert-Ulrich, 209-10 N., Egon, 41, 199 N„ Fritz, 251-52 National Socialismz’ Communism and, 23; German soldiers as party members, 303n58; Kraft durch Freude organization, 334nll7; masculine ideals under, 11; soldiering under, conceptions of, 7; wartime letters and, as propaganda, 8 Nazi Germanyz: cult of death in, 355n30; declaration of war against United States, 264; High Command of the Armed Forces, 4, 56, 80, 115; Jews compared to Aryans in, 203; nonaggression pact with Russia, 309n77; Poland occupation by, 313nl35; postal censorship in, 3-4; rail infrastructure within, 356n56; Volga Germans in, treatment of, 322nl35 Nazi parry, Jewish Bolshevism as enemy of, 8 Nehring, Walther К., 314ո7, 3l4nl42 Neitzel, Sönke, 12-13 Neuhaus, Albert, iv, 9, 39^10, 45, 58—59, 69-70, 73, 77, 97, 105, 119-20, 127, 132, 135, 145-46, 155, 163-64, 166-67, 169, 175, 193-94, 204, 224, 311ո99 Neuser, Walter, 207-8, 227 Nick, Helmut, 237 NKVD. See Soviet Secret Police Norway. See German Army of Norway November 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 232; 1.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 232; 1.11.41, Nünnighoff, Karl, 231; 1.11.41, Oehus, Rudolf, 231; 1.11.41, Priiller, Wilhelm,
231-32; 2.11.41, Pmller, Wilhelm, 233-34; 2.11.41, X. M., 233; 3.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 234; 4.11.41, E. K, 235-36; 4.11.41, Miethke, Kurt, 235; 4.11.41, Pabst, Fritz, 235; 4.11.41, Roemer, Siegfried, 234; 4.11.41, Stählin, Hans Martin, 235; 5.11.41, Becker, Klaus, 236; 5.11.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 236; 6.11.41, Eickhoff, Josef, 237; 6.11.41, Nick, Helmut, 237; 6.11.41, Riederer, Hans, 237-38; 6.11.41, Scheuer, Alois, 237; 6.11.41, Scheven, Günther von, 236; 6.11.41, Vogeller, Kurt, 237; 7.11.41, Borger, Wilhelm, 238; 7.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 238—39; 8.11.41, Lieb, Elmar, 239; 8.11.41, Miethke, Kurt, 239; 8.11.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 239; 9.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 239— 40; 10-12.11.41, Ludwig, HansHeinrich, 240; 10.11.41, B., Joseph, 241; 10.11.41, Haape, Heinrich, 240; 10.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 240- 41; 11.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 243; 11.11.41, L. B„ 241; 11.11.41, Nünnighoff, Karl, 242; 11.11.41, Pmller, Wilhelm, 242; 11.11.41, R„ Karl, 242-43; 12.11.41, C., Hans Joachim, 244; 12.11.41, H. D„ 244; 12.11.41, L„ Josef, 243—44; 13.11.41, Haas, Alfons, 245; 13.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 245; 14.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 245; 15.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 246; 16.11.41, Bohrer, Anton, 246; 16.11.41, Hamm, Johannes, 246-47; 17.11.41, Beermann, Werner, 248; 17.11.41, W. F„ 247; 18.11.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 248; 18.11.41, Roth, Hans, 249; 18.11.41, Rupp, Robert, 248-49; 19.11.41, anonymous, 249—50; 19.11.41, Dohl, Erich, 250-51; 19.11.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 250; 20.11.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 251; 20.11.41, W„ Artur, 251; 21.11.41, E. K„ 252; 21.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 252;
21.11.41, N., Fritz, 251-52; 22.11.41, H., Hellmuth, 253; 23.11.41, Rahe, Heinz, 254-55; 23.11.41, Siebler, Franz, 254; 23.11.41, Steuerwald, Edgar, 254; 24.11.41,
INDEX Becker, Klaus, 255; 24.11.41, Dohi, Erich, 255—56; 24.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 256—57; 24.11.41, Stieff, Hellmuth, 256; 25.11.41, D., August, 257-58; 25.11.41, Dwenger, Alois, 257; 25.11.41, Oehus, Rudolf, 258; 26.11.41, B., Joseph, 258; 26.11.41, Dohl, Erich, 259; 26.11.41, Fritz, 258; 27.11.41, Haape, Heinrich, 259; 27.11.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 259; 28.11.41, H. S„ 260; 28.11.41, H. T„ 259; 29.11.41, Machemer, Helmut, 260-61; 30.11.41, Dohl, Erich, 261—62; 30.11.41, Scheuer, Alois, 261 Nünnighoff Karl, 2, 172-73, 231, 242 Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. See High Command of the Armed Forces October 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 192; 1.10.41, Willy, 192; 2.10.41, G., 193; 2.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 193; 3.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 193; 3.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 193; 4.10.41, B., Joseph, 194; 4.10.41, Pabst, Fritz, 194; 5.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 195; 5.10.41, H. J., 195; 6.10.41, Breitenbach, Hans-Joachim, 196; 6.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 196; 6.10.41, Sigel, Fritz, 195-96; 7.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 197; 8.10.41, E. T„ 198; 8.10.41, Guicking, Ernst, 197-98; 8.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 198-99; 8.10.41, N., Egon, 199; 8.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 199; 8.10.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 197; 9.10.41, Bohrer, Anton, 200; 9.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 200; 9.10.41, Giese, Hans-Albert, 200; 10.10.41, B„ Adolf 202; 10.10.41, B„ Joseph, 201-2; 10.10.41, Geimer, Jakob, 200-1; 10.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 201; 10.10.41, Roth, Hans, 202; 11.10.41, Albring, Hans, 203; 11.10.41, K., Klaus, 202-3; 11.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 204; 11.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 204;
11.10.41, Roth, Hans, 204; 11.10.41, Siebeler, Franz, 203^; 12.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 205; 12.10.41, Henry, Harald, 204-5; 12.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 389 205-6; 12.10.41, Steuerwald, Edgar, 206; 14.10.41, H. H„ 207; 14.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 207; 14.10.41, Witt, Heinrich, 207; 15.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 208-9; 15.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 209; 15.10.41, Neuser, Walter, 207-8; 16.10.41, Henry, Harald, 211; 16.10.41, Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 209; 16.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 210; 16.10.41, Mutzenbecher, Geert-Ulrich, 209-10; 16.10.41, Steuerwald, Edgar, 210; 16.10.41, Thomas, Will, 210-11; 17.10.41, B„ Adolf 212; 17.10.41, Guicking, Ernst, 211; 17.10.41, K., Klaus, 212; 18.10.41, Albring, Hans, 214; 18.10.41, Henry, Harald, 213; 18.10.41, Heubner, Johannes, 214; 18.10.41, Ludwig, Hans-Heinrich, 214; 18.10.41, Machemer, Helmut, 212-13; 18.10.41, Willy, 214; 19.10.41, Kunde, Gerhard, 214-15; 20.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 215-16; 20.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 216; 20.10.41, Henry, Harald, 215; 20.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 216; 21.10.41, Becker, Klaus, 217; 21.10.41, Marlow, Kurt, 217-18; 22.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 218-19; 22.10.41, L., Josef 218; 23.10.41, A. R„ 219; 23.10.41, Giese, Hans-Albert, 219; 23.10.41, H., Hellmuth, 220-21; 23.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 220; 23.10.41, Maurer, Rudolf 219-20; 24.10.41, Miethke, Kurt, 221; 25.10.41, H., Joachim, 221; 25.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 222; 25.10.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 222; 26.10.41, Fuchs, Karl, 224; 26.10.41, H., Joachim, 223; 26.10.41, L„ Josef 223; 26.10.41, Pabst, Fritz, 222-23; 27.10.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 224; 28.10.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 225;
28.10.41, Rahe, Heinz, 224-25; 28.10.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 225; 29.10.41, Haape, Heinrich, 225; 29.10.41, L. K„ 226; 29.10.41, Rahe, Heinz, 226; 30.10.41, B., Adolf 227-28; 30.10.41, Geimer, Jakob, 227; 30.10.41, Neuser, Walter, 227 Oehus, Rudolf 231, 258 Olte, Hans, 86, 162
390 INDEX Operation Barbarossa. See also Army Group Center; Army Group North; Army Group South; Red Army; Russia: Axis allies in, 16; barbaric violence during, 25-26; “Battle at Kiev,” 150; at BrestLitovsk fortress, 24, 306n38, 308nn5961; draft horses during, 310n94; in East Prussia, 148; Einsatzgruppen in, 54, 344nl30; fatalities during, 102-3; in Finland, 83, 230; food preparation during, 101; food shortages during, 111; German casualties as result of, 55—56; in Latvia, 82; in Leningrad region, 55, 188, 191-92, 264; in Lithuania, 33—34, 59, 72; major battle locations during, 215; military burials during, 134—35; Moscow and, drive toward, 179, 190—91, 195, 200-201, 229-31, 263, 271-72; Mozhaisk Defensive Line and, 229; objectives of, 119, 347n47; opening of Russian churches and, 331n83; opposition resistance to, 120; pace of, 310n92; prisoners of war as result of, 201—2, 239, 244-46; during “quagmire season,” 191; refugees as result of, 29; Russian gangs and, 130; scholarly attention on, 15; SS Leibstandarte and, 264; Third Reich and, as defining event of, 8; in Ukraine, 7, 40-41, 146, 165, 171; War Directive No. 34 and, 56; War Directive No. 35 and, 148—49; water issues during, 320nl03 Operation Sealion, ЗОбпЗб Operation Typhoon, v, viii, 190, 229—30 Ordinance on Communication, censorship under, 4 Orel, Russia, vii-viii, 228, 267, 269 Organisation Todt, 73 P., Sepp, 81-82 P„ Waldo, 144 P., Willy, 36-37 Pabst, Fritz, 171, 194, 222-23, 235, 346nn24—25 Pabst, Helmut, 5—6 Pabst, Herbert, 32, 46 panje horses, 329n38 paper shortages, 1 Pearl Harbor. See Japan Petersburg
(Leningrad), Russia, 133-34, 141, 144-45, 152, 162, 164, 166, 174, 212, 227 Pleshakov, Constantine, ЗІЗпІЗЗ Pohl, Dieter, 13, 62-63 Poland, 307n50: Dubno, vii; Nazi German occupation of, 313nl35 Pöppel, Martin, 12 postal censorship: external, 4; internal, 4; in Nazi Germany, 3-4; under Ordinance on Communication, 4; “scissor in the head” effect and, 4; subversion of, 5 Postenreider, Heinz, 277-78, 280 Potemkin village, 358n85 poverty, in Soviet Union, German soldier’s response to, 8, 73, 3l4nl0 prisoners of war (POWs): German, 12-13; from Operation Barbarossa, 201—2, 239, 244-76; Russian, 201-2, 239, 244—46, 338n28; during World War II, 32ІПІ34 propaganda, Nazi: on Eastern Front, 6-7; under Goebbels, 303n42; through newsreels, 315n30; on Red Army, 190; Soviet Union in, 15; wartime letters as, 8 Priiller, Wilhelm, 23, 58, 63-64, 165, 174, 182, 189, 193, 197, 199, 216, 222, 23134, 242, 248, 266, 277, ЗОбпЗЗ R., Hans, 126 R., Heinz, 42-43 R., Herbert, 24 R„ Karl, 242-43, 275-76 R„ Paul, 29 R., Werner, 20, 67 racism, of German Armed Forces, 304n81 Rahe, Heinz, 186—87, 224—26, 254—55, 352nl4l rail infrastructure: within Nazi Germany, 356n56; within Soviet Union, 33233n98 R. B. (letter), 171 ranks and units for German soldiers, 297300 Red Air Force, 305n4, 331n76 Red Army (Russian Army): aircraft use by, 160; artillery and tanks for, 31 lnl 15, 312nll7, 320nl01, 328n22; biological weapons and, 317n58; British aid to, 34ln68, 354n20, 359nll5; brutality of,
INDEX 106; Commissar Order and, 334nl21; convicts as part of, 96; defections and desertions from, 146, 220—21; force structure of, 16; forest bunkers and, 117-18; gangs and, 130; hunger issues for, 115, 130; inexperienced soldiers in, 362n38; loss of personnel and equipment, 148; Nazi propaganda on, 190; numbers advantage for, 263; as prisoners of war, 2, 7, 201-2, 239, 244-46, 338n28; propaganda by, 343nl08; proscribed ammunition, use of, 309n82, 338nl7; resistance to Operation Barbarossa, 120; Romania seized by, 236nl92; Stalin Line and, 319n84; tenacity of, 80, 118-19; U.S. assistance to, 349n84 Reese, Willy Peter, 10 refhgees, as result of Operation Barbarossa, 29 Reichenau, Walter von, 191, 290 Reinhardt, Hans-Georg, 190, 263, 276 renormalization, of soldiers, 9—11, 14 Replacement Army in Germany, 332n92 Rhein, Ernst-Martin, 36, 45 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 27 Richthofen, Wolfram Freiherr Non, 103, 190 Riederer, Hans, 237-38 Riga, Latviu, 82, 195 Röder (letter), 34-35 Roemer, Siegfried, 234 Roethemeier, Rudi, 96 Romania: German Army Mission in Romania, 93—94; Red Army seizure of, 236nl92 Roslavľ, Russia, 6, 109, 155, 215 Ross, Ralph, 47 Rostov-on-the-Don, 119, 228, 230, 237-38, 254, 256, 264, 271,278 Roth, Hans, 27-28, 171, 173, 178-79, 181-82, 202, 204, 249 Rücker, Wilhelm von, 358n88 Rühle, Adelbert-Ottheinrich, 101 Rundstedt, Gerd von, 17, 103 Rupp, Robert, 50-51, 145, 173-74, 248-49 Russia. See aho Minsk, Russia; Moscow, Russia; Red Army; Smolensk, Russia: Cherkassy, 103, 133, 139; Dnepropetrovsk, 103, 140, 157, 226; Geneva Conventions of 1929 and, 391 317n58; Hague
Conventions of 1907 and, 317n58; Judaism in, 113; Kiev, vii, 17-18, 55, 103-04, 110, 128, 14950, 173-74, 176-77, 180-82, 185-86, 190-91, 194, 198, 200, 228; Kischinev, 99-100; kolkhoz system in, 83, 105, 151; Kursk, 190, 231-33, 242, 248; Lebedyn, 249; Leningrad region, 55; nonaggression pact with Germany, 309n77; Orel, vii-viii, 228, 267, 269; Petersburg (Leningrad), 133-34, 141, 144-45, 152, 162, 164, 166, 174, 212, 227; “quagmire season” in, 191; Tauroggen (Taurage), 39, 310ո96, 310ո99; Terempki, 171, 181; Velikie Luki, 96, 106, 140-41, 261; Vitebsk, 65, 69, 77, 85, 179, 192 Russian Army. See Red Army Rutherford, Jeff, 12, 349n75 S., Geo, 168—69 S., Gerhard, 269 S., Hans, 72, 95 Sahm, August, 9, 43-44, 60, 85, 90-91 Sch., Hans, 76, 80-81, 129 Sch., Heinz, 88, 98, 115, 166 Sch., Max, 159 Sch., Peter, 71 Scheuer, Alois, 78, 92, 131-32, 180, 185, 237, 261 Scheven, Günther von, 236 Schmidt, Friedrich, 51 Schmidt, Hans Jochen, 20-21 Schmidt, Rudolf, 103 Schobert, Eugen von, 290 Schönfeld, Karl, 108 Schroeck, Erich, 7 “scissor in the head” effect, postal censorship and, 4 secondary criminality, among soldiers, 14 September 1941, letters and diary entries from: 1.9.41, G„ Willibald, 151-52; 1.9.41, K. H. G„ 150; 1.9.41, Matthias, 150; 1.9.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 151; 2.9.41, B„ Heinz, 152; 2.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 153; 2.9.41, Hahn, Jochen, 152-53; 2.9.41, M„ Hans, 153; 2.9.41, M. H„ 152; 3.9.41, B„ Adolf, 153-54; 3.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 154; 3.9.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 154; 4.9.41, E., Ernst,
392 INDEX 157; 4.9.41, F„ Rudolf, 155-56; 4.9.41, G„ Willibald, 155; 4.9.41, М„ Adolf, 156; 4.9.41, M., Albert, 156; 4.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 155; 6.9.41, В., Heinz, 157-58; 6.9.41, F„ Max, 158; 6.9.41, F„ Rudolf, 158; 6.9.41, G„ Willibald, 158— 59; 6.9.41, Lierow, Hans, 157; 7.9.41, B., Albrecht, 161; 7.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 160; 7.9.41, Hager, Erich, 160; 7.9.41, M„ Ewald, 160-61; 7.9.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 159; 7.9.41, Sch., Max, 159; 8.9.41, A., Wolfgang, 162; 8.9.41, Meier-Welcker, Hans, 161-62; 9.9.41, G. , Willibald, 163; 9.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 163-64; 9.9.41, Ohe, Hans, 162; 9.9.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 163; 11.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 164; 12.9.41, G„ Willibald, 164-65; 12.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 165; 14.9.41, F. , Hans, 166; 14.9.41, G., Willibald, 167; 14.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 167-68; 14.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 166-67; 14.9.41, Sch., Heinz, 166; 15.9.41, F., Rudolf, 168; 15.9.41, Kreuter, Georg, 168; 15.9.41, S., Geo, 168-69; 16.9.41, Armer, Leopold, 170-71; 16.9.41, A. V., 169; 16.9.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 170; 16.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 169; 16.9.41, Stehmann, Siegbert, 170; 17.9.41, Pabst, Fritz, 171; 17.9.41, R. B„ 171; 17.9.41, Roth, Hans, 171; 18.9.41, Maurer, Rudolf, 172; 18.9.41, Niinnighoff, Karl, 172-73; '18.9.41, Roth, Hans, 173; 19.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 173; 20.9.41, Jarausch, Konrad, 173; 20.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 174; 20.9.41, Rupp, Robert, 173-74; 21.9.41, H. S„ 174-75; 21.9.41, Neuhaus, Albert, 175; 21.9.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 174; 22.9.41, Beermann, Werner, 175; 22.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 175-76; 22.9.41, H. K., 177; 22.9.41,
Köhler, Fritz, 176; 23-24.9.41, B„ Adolf, 180; 2324.9.41, Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 179-80; 23.9.41, Guicking, Ernst, 177-78; 23.9.41, Harnack, Helmut von, 179; 23.9.41, Roth, Hans, 178-79; 23.9.41, Soeffker, 179; 24.9.41, H. G. , 180; 24.9.41, Scheuer, Alois, 180; 24.9.41, unknown doctor, 180; 25.9.41, Roth, Hans, 181; 26.9.41, Fuchs, Karl, 181-82; 26.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 182; 26.9.41, Roth, Hans, 182; 27.9.41, Haape, Heinrich, 183-84; 27.9.41, Simon, Hans, 182-83; 27.9.41, Soeffker, 184; 28.9.41, Beermann, Werner, 185-86; 28.9.41, Giese, Hans-Albert, 185; 28.9.41, Guicking, Ernst, 184; 28.9.41, L. B„ 185; 28.9.41, Scheuer, Alois, 185; 29.9.41, Dohl, Erich, 189; 29.9.41, Fulde, Georg, 187-89; 29.9.41, Guicking, Ernst, 186; 29.9.41, Priiller, Wilhelm, 189; 29.9.41, Rahe, Heinz, 186-87 Shils, Edward, 14 shortages. See food shortages; paper shortages Showalter, Dennis E., 311-12nll5, 314n3, 317n52, 320nl07, 322nl38, 328n31, 340n52 Siebeler, Franz, 203^1, 254 Sigel, Fritz, 195-96, 273-74 Simon, Hans, 182-83 Slonim, Russia, 36, 46, 48, 83 Smolensk, Russia, 54-56, 84-85, 87, 98, 102, 108, 112, 115, 118, 121, 144, 148, 175, 210; delay of soldiers’ letters to, 2; radio dispatches about, 94 Soefflter (letters), 179, 184 soldiers: criminality among, 13-14; leaders and, comparisons between, 6-7; morale of, 2; under National Socialism, conceptions of, 7; renormalization of, 9-11, 14; in Smolensk, delay of letters to, 2; social isolation of, 14; social research on, 12; split consciousness of, 10; tolerance for violence among, 13 Soviet Air Force (WS), 331n76, 34ln66. See ako
Red Air Force Soviet Secret Police (NKVD), 316n38 Soviet Union. See also Red Army; Russia: collective farms in, 327nl2; German propaganda on, 15; Jewish Bolshevism in, 15; poverty in, 8, 73; propaganda by, 116; rail infrastructure within, 333n98 Spanish Blue Division, 345nl6 split consciousness, of soldiers, 10 SS Leibstandarte, 264
INDEX St., Otto, 31-32 Stählin, Hans Martin, 235 Stalin Line, 318-19n84 Steblin-Kamenskii, Ivan Ivanovich, 14 Steglich, Martin, 44 Stehmann, Siegbert, 73—74, 83, 89, 117-18, 128, 135, 142, 170, 197, 225, 239, 259, 268-69, 279 Sterz, Reinhold, 4 Steuerwald, Edgar, 206, 210, 254 Stieff, Hellmuth, iv, 104, 236, 250, 256, 274-77, 331ո71 Stracke, Hermann, 22, 306n29 Strauss, Adolf, 288, 295 Strength through Joy organization. See Kraft durch Freude organization Stülpnagel, Carl-Heinrich von, 290 StumpfF, Horst, 69 Stützei, Rudolf, 42, 79, 118-19, 121, 138, 144-45 T., Hans, 80 Tauroggen (Taurage), 39, 310n96, 310n99 T. Dell B., Heinz, 128-29 Terempki, Russia, 181 Thomas, Will, 210-11 Tilemann, Walter, 352nl27 Tilgner, Leo, 52 Timoshenko, Army Group, 6, 149 Todt, Fritz, 318n83 transit camps ( Dulags), 137-38 Türk, Hermann, 267-68, 272—73 Typhoon (Operation), v, viii, 190-92, 229-30 Ukraine: grain in, 88; Operation Barbarossa in, 7,40-41, 146, 165, 171 United States: Nazi Germany declaration of war against, 264; Russian Army assisted by, 349n84 V., Alfred, 112 V., Manfred, 61-62 Vaizey, Hester, 8 Velikie Luki, Russia, 96, 106, 140-41, 261 Viaz’ma, Russia, 6, 190, 201-02, 209, 215, 244 Vierkorn, Karl-Gottfried, 38 Vitebsk, Russia, 65, 69, 77, 85, 179, 192 393 Vogeller, Kurt, 237 Volga Germans, 322nl35 Völkische Beobachter, 190 Völmcke, Hans, 35 WS. See Soviet Air Force W„ Artur, 251 W., Eberhard, 93 W„ Martin, 145 Waffen SS, 12, 132, 182 Wagner, Eduard, 192 war correspondents, wartime letters from, 21-22 War Directive No. 34, 56 War Directive No. 35, 148—49 war prisoners. See
prisoners of war wartime letters, during World War II. See aho field post; Operation Barbarossa·, soldiers; specific months; specific topics: comparisons between leaders and soldiers, 6-7; daily volume of, 1; data collection for, 8, 15; from Eastern Front, 1-2; ego documents, 8; emotional impact of, 2-3; as emotional release, 6; function and purpose of, 1 ; in German media, 7-8; German propaganda in, 6-7; from German soldiers, 1; Goebbels’ instructions on, 7; historical value of, 3; Hitler in, criticism of, 5, 355n35; luxury items and, 3; methodological approach to, 8, 15; morale of soldiers influenced by, 2; in National Socialist propaganda, 8; Nazi party in, criticism of, 5; paper shortages and, 1; from POWs, 12-13; social histories of, 3; from top-down perspective, 3; from war correspondents, 21-22; weather issues and, 1-2 water shortages, 320nl03 weather, wartime letters and, delivery influenced by, 1-2 Wehrmacht. See German Armed Forces Weichs, Maximilian von, 294, 331n83 Welzer, Harald, 12-13 Wessel, Horst, 355n30 Wessler, Wilhelm, 95-96 Western Dvina River, 16-17, 54-55, 58-59, 65,69, 72,74-75, 82, 88, 159 Wette, Wolfram, 9
394 INDEX W. F. (letter), 133, 247 Wiedebach-Nostitz, Caspar von, 21, 49, 69, 87, 141-42, 163, 174, 179-80 Willy (letters), 192, 214, 281 Witt, Heinrich, 207 World War I (Great War): artillery experience during, 113; German war veterans and, 102; letters exchanged during, 3; “Miracle of the Marne,” 230 World War II (in Soviet Russia): as most humane war, 93; prisoners of war during, 32ІПІ34 X. M. (letter), 233 Z„ Jean, 74-75 Ziegler, Karl, 3^4 Zorn, Hans, 318n64 ŕ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| publisher | Stackpole Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 edited by Craig W.H. Luther and David Stahel Guilford, Connecticut Stackpole Books [2020] Lanham, MD an imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. [2020] xiii, 394 Seiten, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1941 gnd rswk-swf Russlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (DE-588)4076906-9 gnd rswk-swf Deutscher Soldat (DE-588)4201087-1 gnd rswk-swf World War, 1939-1945 / Campaigns / Eastern Front / Personal narratives, German World War, 1939-1945 / Campaigns / Soviet Union Soviet Union / History / German occupation, 1941-1944 Military campaigns Eastern Front (World War (1939-1945)) Soviet Union 1939-1945 Personal narratives / German (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Russlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (DE-588)4076906-9 s Deutscher Soldat (DE-588)4201087-1 s Geschichte 1941 z DE-604 Luther, Craig W. H. (DE-588)1231440333 edt Stahel, David 1975- (DE-588)139340564 edt Electronic version 9780811768825 Soldiers of Barbarossa Guilford, Connecticut : Stackpole Books ; Lanham, MD : an imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., [2020] Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523721&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523721&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523721&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 Russlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (DE-588)4076906-9 gnd Deutscher Soldat (DE-588)4201087-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076906-9 (DE-588)4201087-1 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 |
| title_auth | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 |
| title_exact_search | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 |
| title_full | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 edited by Craig W.H. Luther and David Stahel |
| title_fullStr | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 edited by Craig W.H. Luther and David Stahel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soldiers of Barbarossa combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 edited by Craig W.H. Luther and David Stahel |
| title_short | Soldiers of Barbarossa |
| title_sort | soldiers of barbarossa combat genocide and everyday experiences on the eastern front june december 1941 |
| title_sub | combat, genocide, and everyday experiences on the Eastern Front, June-December 1941 |
| topic | Russlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (DE-588)4076906-9 gnd Deutscher Soldat (DE-588)4201087-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Russlandfeldzug 1941-1945 Deutscher Soldat Erlebnisbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523721&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523721&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523721&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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