Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities: Josephus interrupted
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Newcastle upon Tyne
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
2020
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 342 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781527555273 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV047117176 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20210504 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 210201s2020 a||| b||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781527555273 |c hardback |9 978-1-5275-5527-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1241676481 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV047117176 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a ALT |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1080130187 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities |b Josephus interrupted |c by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen |
| 264 | 1 | |a Newcastle upon Tyne |b Cambridge Scholars Publishing |c 2020 | |
| 300 | |a xv, 342 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 600 | 0 | 7 | |a Jesus Christus |0 (DE-588)118557513 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Josephus, Flavius |d 37-100 |t Antiquitates Judaicae |0 (DE-588)4295010-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Bibel |p Neues Testament |0 (DE-588)4041771-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biblische Person |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4145287-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geschichtlichkeit |0 (DE-588)4020525-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | 1 | |a Josephus, Flavius / Antiquitates Judaicae | |
| 653 | |a Bible / Old Testament / Criticism, interpretation, etc | ||
| 653 | 0 | |a Jews / History / To 70 A.D. | |
| 653 | |a Antiquitates Judaicae (Josephus, Flavius) | ||
| 653 | |a Bible / Old Testament | ||
| 653 | 0 | |a Jews | |
| 653 | 4 | |a To 70 | |
| 653 | 6 | |a Criticism, interpretation, etc | |
| 653 | 6 | |a History | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Fälschung |0 (DE-2581)TH000005097 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Iosephus hist. TLG 0526 |0 (DE-2581)TH000001582 |2 gbd | |
| 688 | 7 | |a Biblia Hebraica (Testamentum vetus) |0 (DE-2581)TH000003035 |2 gbd | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Josephus, Flavius |d 37-100 |t Antiquitates Judaicae |0 (DE-588)4295010-7 |D u |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Biblische Person |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4145287-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Bibel |p Neues Testament |0 (DE-588)4041771-2 |D u |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Jesus Christus |0 (DE-588)118557513 |D p |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichtlichkeit |0 (DE-588)4020525-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523553&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n gbd | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20210316 | |
| 940 | 1 | |q gbd_4_2105 | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 200.9 |e 22/bsb |f 09015 |g 37 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032523553 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1810723866210729984 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables. viii Acknowledgements.ix Abbreviations.xi Chapter One. 1 Introduction 1.1 The Christian Dependence on Josephus.1 1.2 Some Notes Concerning the Employment of Terminology. 5 1.3 My Preferred Approach.9 Chapter Two. 12 Supposed Extra-Biblical/Scriptural References to Jesus of Nazareth and Associates 2.1 Introduction. 12 2.2 Gaius Plinim Secundus a.k.a. Pliny (the Younger) (c. 62-c.l 13 C.E.). 15 2.3 Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (c. 69-140 C.E.). 31 2.4 Publius or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus a.k.a. Suetonius (c. 56-117 C.E.). 39 2.5 Papias, Bishop of Hierapolis (Second Centujy C.E.). 43 2.6 Mara bar Serapion (fl. 73 C.E.).52 2.7
Thallos a.k.a.Thallus (unknown dates). 56 2.8 Phlegon of Tralles (fl. c. 80 C.E.).67 2.9 Lucian of Samosata (c. 125-after 180 C.E.). 70 2.10 Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (c. 160-225 C.E.). 71 2.11 The Talmud and Tosefta.74 2.12 Chapter Two Summary.97 Chapter Three. 98 The Testimonium Flavianum 3.1 Introduction. 98 3.2 Brief Historical Background.99 3.3 Arguments For and Against Authenticity.100
Table of Contents VI 3.4 Eusebius as the Potential Forger of the IF.182 3.5 Hata’s Proof: A Case Study. 192 3.6 Barnett’s Proof (A): A Case Study. 208 3.7 Van Voorst’s Proof: A Case Study. 215 3.8 The Historical Context for Christian Forgery. 222 3.9 Chapter Three Summary.225 Chapter Four.229 The James Passage 4.1 Introduction. 229 4.2 Brief Historical Background.230 4.3 Arguments For and Against Authenticity. 241 4.4 Meier’s Proof: A Case Study.252 4.5 Barnett’s Proof (B): A Case Study. 255 4.6 The Numismatic Evidence.256 4.7 Chapter Four Summaiy.258 Chapter Five. 261 The Baptist Passage 5.1
Introduction.261 5.2 Brief Historical Background.262 5.3 Arguments For and Against Authenticity.262 5.4 Zindler’s Proof: A Case Study. 269 5.5 R.M. Price’s Proof: A Case Study.271 5.6 New Evidence Regarding the Herodian Dynasty. 273 5.7 Origen as Prime Suspect.276 5.8 Chapter Five Summary.289 Chapter Six.291 Conclusions 6.1 Introduction. 291 6.2 Credible, Extra-Biblical/Scriptural References.292 6.3 Leading Biblical Scholars’ Preferred Worldview. 292 6.4 The TF, JP and BP as Forgeries.293 6.5 Ante-Nicean Christian Need for Extra-Biblical References.295 6.6 The Identity of the Interpolators. 297 6.7 Final Verdict Based on the Evidence. 298 Selected Source
List. 300 Subject Index 323
Christian Forgery in Jewish Antiquities: Josephus Interrupted vii Author Index. 330 Biblical and Classical Index.333 |
| adam_txt |
Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables. viii Acknowledgements.ix Abbreviations.xi Chapter One. 1 Introduction 1.1 The Christian Dependence on Josephus.1 1.2 Some Notes Concerning the Employment of Terminology. 5 1.3 My Preferred Approach.9 Chapter Two. 12 Supposed Extra-Biblical/Scriptural References to Jesus of Nazareth and Associates 2.1 Introduction. 12 2.2 Gaius Plinim Secundus a.k.a. Pliny (the Younger) (c. 62-c.l 13 C.E.). 15 2.3 Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (c. 69-140 C.E.). 31 2.4 Publius or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus a.k.a. Suetonius (c. 56-117 C.E.). 39 2.5 Papias, Bishop of Hierapolis (Second Centujy C.E.). 43 2.6 Mara bar Serapion (fl. 73 C.E.).52 2.7
Thallos a.k.a.Thallus (unknown dates). 56 2.8 Phlegon of Tralles (fl. c. 80 C.E.).67 2.9 Lucian of Samosata (c. 125-after 180 C.E.). 70 2.10 Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (c. 160-225 C.E.). 71 2.11 The Talmud and Tosefta.74 2.12 Chapter Two Summary.97 Chapter Three. 98 The Testimonium Flavianum 3.1 Introduction. 98 3.2 Brief Historical Background.99 3.3 Arguments For and Against Authenticity.100
Table of Contents VI 3.4 Eusebius as the Potential Forger of the IF.182 3.5 Hata’s Proof: A Case Study. 192 3.6 Barnett’s Proof (A): A Case Study. 208 3.7 Van Voorst’s Proof: A Case Study. 215 3.8 The Historical Context for Christian Forgery. 222 3.9 Chapter Three Summary.225 Chapter Four.229 The James Passage 4.1 Introduction. 229 4.2 Brief Historical Background.230 4.3 Arguments For and Against Authenticity. 241 4.4 Meier’s Proof: A Case Study.252 4.5 Barnett’s Proof (B): A Case Study. 255 4.6 The Numismatic Evidence.256 4.7 Chapter Four Summaiy.258 Chapter Five. 261 The Baptist Passage 5.1
Introduction.261 5.2 Brief Historical Background.262 5.3 Arguments For and Against Authenticity.262 5.4 Zindler’s Proof: A Case Study. 269 5.5 R.M. Price’s Proof: A Case Study.271 5.6 New Evidence Regarding the Herodian Dynasty. 273 5.7 Origen as Prime Suspect.276 5.8 Chapter Five Summary.289 Chapter Six.291 Conclusions 6.1 Introduction. 291 6.2 Credible, Extra-Biblical/Scriptural References.292 6.3 Leading Biblical Scholars’ Preferred Worldview. 292 6.4 The TF, JP and BP as Forgeries.293 6.5 Ante-Nicean Christian Need for Extra-Biblical References.295 6.6 The Identity of the Interpolators. 297 6.7 Final Verdict Based on the Evidence. 298 Selected Source
List. 300 Subject Index 323
Christian Forgery in Jewish Antiquities: Josephus Interrupted vii Author Index. 330 Biblical and Classical Index.333 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1080130187 |
| author_facet | Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh |
| author_variant | n p l a npl npla |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047117176 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1241676481 (DE-599)BVBBV047117176 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047117176</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20210504</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">210201s2020 a||| b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781527555273</subfield><subfield code="c">hardback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-5275-5527-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1241676481</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047117176</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ALT</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1080130187</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities</subfield><subfield code="b">Josephus interrupted</subfield><subfield code="c">by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Newcastle upon Tyne</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xv, 342 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Jesus Christus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118557513</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Josephus, Flavius</subfield><subfield code="d">37-100</subfield><subfield code="t">Antiquitates Judaicae</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4295010-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="630" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bibel</subfield><subfield code="p">Neues Testament</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041771-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Biblische Person</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4145287-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichtlichkeit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4020525-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Josephus, Flavius / Antiquitates Judaicae</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bible / Old Testament / Criticism, interpretation, etc</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Jews / History / To 70 A.D.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Antiquitates Judaicae (Josephus, Flavius)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bible / Old Testament</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Jews</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">To 70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Criticism, interpretation, etc</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Fälschung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000005097</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Iosephus hist. TLG 0526</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000001582</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Biblia Hebraica (Testamentum vetus)</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000003035</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Josephus, Flavius</subfield><subfield code="d">37-100</subfield><subfield code="t">Antiquitates Judaicae</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4295010-7</subfield><subfield code="D">u</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Biblische Person</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4145287-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Bibel</subfield><subfield code="p">Neues Testament</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041771-2</subfield><subfield code="D">u</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Jesus Christus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118557513</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichtlichkeit</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4020525-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523553&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20210316</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">gbd_4_2105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">200.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09015</subfield><subfield code="g">37</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032523553</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV047117176 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:27:59Z |
| indexdate | 2024-09-20T14:00:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781527555273 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032523553 |
| oclc_num | 1241676481 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xv, 342 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210316 gbd_4_2105 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Cambridge Scholars Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh Verfasser (DE-588)1080130187 aut Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen Newcastle upon Tyne Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2020 xv, 342 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 gnd rswk-swf Josephus, Flavius 37-100 Antiquitates Judaicae (DE-588)4295010-7 gnd rswk-swf Bibel Neues Testament (DE-588)4041771-2 gnd rswk-swf Biblische Person Motiv (DE-588)4145287-2 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtlichkeit (DE-588)4020525-3 gnd rswk-swf Josephus, Flavius / Antiquitates Judaicae Bible / Old Testament / Criticism, interpretation, etc Jews / History / To 70 A.D. Antiquitates Judaicae (Josephus, Flavius) Bible / Old Testament Jews To 70 Criticism, interpretation, etc History Fälschung (DE-2581)TH000005097 gbd Iosephus hist. TLG 0526 (DE-2581)TH000001582 gbd Biblia Hebraica (Testamentum vetus) (DE-2581)TH000003035 gbd Josephus, Flavius 37-100 Antiquitates Judaicae (DE-588)4295010-7 u Biblische Person Motiv (DE-588)4145287-2 s Bibel Neues Testament (DE-588)4041771-2 u Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 p Geschichtlichkeit (DE-588)4020525-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523553&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 gnd Josephus, Flavius 37-100 Antiquitates Judaicae (DE-588)4295010-7 gnd Bibel Neues Testament (DE-588)4041771-2 gnd Biblische Person Motiv (DE-588)4145287-2 gnd Geschichtlichkeit (DE-588)4020525-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118557513 (DE-588)4295010-7 (DE-588)4041771-2 (DE-588)4145287-2 (DE-588)4020525-3 |
| title | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted |
| title_auth | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted |
| title_exact_search | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted |
| title_full | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen |
| title_fullStr | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities Josephus interrupted by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen |
| title_short | Christian forgery in Jewish antiquities |
| title_sort | christian forgery in jewish antiquities josephus interrupted |
| title_sub | Josephus interrupted |
| topic | Jesus Christus (DE-588)118557513 gnd Josephus, Flavius 37-100 Antiquitates Judaicae (DE-588)4295010-7 gnd Bibel Neues Testament (DE-588)4041771-2 gnd Biblische Person Motiv (DE-588)4145287-2 gnd Geschichtlichkeit (DE-588)4020525-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jesus Christus Josephus, Flavius 37-100 Antiquitates Judaicae Bibel Neues Testament Biblische Person Motiv Geschichtlichkeit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032523553&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT allennicholaspeterlegh christianforgeryinjewishantiquitiesjosephusinterrupted |