Putin confronts the West: the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020
"Russia's surprising return to the world stage since 2000 has aroused the curiosity-if not the fear-of the West. Gradually, the Kremlin went from a policy of deference to foreign powers to acting with independence. The driver of this transformation was President Vladimir Putin, who with sk...
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| Format: | Buch |
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Jefferson, North Carolina
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
[2021]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Russia's surprising return to the world stage since 2000 has aroused the curiosity-if not the fear-of the West. Gradually, the Kremlin went from a policy of deference to foreign powers to acting with independence. The driver of this transformation was President Vladimir Putin, who with skillful caution navigated Russia back into the ranks of global powers. In theaters of conflict such as Georgia, Syria and Ukraine, the Kremlin won significant victories at little cost to consolidate its decisive position. Following a chronological approach from the fall of the Soviet Union to the present, this book draws on new documents to describe how Russia regained its former global prominence, with clear accounts of key decisions and foreign policy events-many presented for the first time-and important insights into the major confrontations with the West." |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 289 Seiten Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781476684994 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a The Collapse of an Empire -- Turmoil and War in the "Near Abroad" -- The West and the First Chechnya War -- The New Architecture for Relations with the West -- Ukraine: Deceptive Calm -- The Turning Point: Kosovo -- The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism -- Bridges to the West -- Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq -- Seeking Friendships -- Russia in the Middle East -- The West on the Offensive -- Response to the Color Revolutions -- Skirmishes with the West -- Countdown to Collision -- The Five Day War with Georgia -- The Response of the West to the War -- Friends in the Caucasus -- A Foreign Ministry for a World Power -- The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia -- The Reset in the Near Abroad -- Growing Divergences with the West -- Crisis in Ukraine -- Reprisals Over Ukraine -- Russia on the Offensive -- The Russian Diplomatic Campaign -- The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Russia's surprising return to the world stage since 2000 has aroused the curiosity-if not the fear-of the West. Gradually, the Kremlin went from a policy of deference to foreign powers to acting with independence. The driver of this transformation was President Vladimir Putin, who with skillful caution navigated Russia back into the ranks of global powers. In theaters of conflict such as Georgia, Syria and Ukraine, the Kremlin won significant victories at little cost to consolidate its decisive position. Following a chronological approach from the fall of the Soviet Union to the present, this book draws on new documents to describe how Russia regained its former global prominence, with clear accounts of key decisions and foreign policy events-many presented for the first time-and important insights into the major confrontations with the West." | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of Contents Acknowledgments vi Preface 1 Part I. The Age of Illusions 1. The Collapse of an Empire 5 2. Turmoil and War in the “Near Abroad” 15 3. The West and the First Chechnya War 28 4. The New Architecture for Relations with the West 33 5. Ukraine: Deceptive Calm 43 6. The Turning Point: Kosovo 51 Part II. From Acquiescence to Resistance 7. The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism 61 8. Bridges to the West 69 9. Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq 76 10. Seeking Friendships 81 11. Russia in the Middle East 89 12. The West on the Offensive 96 13. Response to the Color Revolutions 105 14. Skirmishes with the West 113 15. Countdown to Collision 120 16. The Five Day War with Georgia 128 17. The Response of the West to the War 140 18. Friends in the Caucasus 147 Part III. Russia Ascendant 19. A Foreign Ministry for a World Power 157 20. The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia 165 21. The Reset in the Near Abroad 172 vii
viii Table of Contents 22. Growing Divergences with the West 181 23. Crisis in Ukraine 190 24. Reprisals Over Ukraine 204 25. Russia on the Offensive 211 26. The Russian Diplomatic Campaign 221 27. The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations 229 Chapter Notes 237 Annotated Bibliography 279 Index 281
Index Abashidze, Aslan 101,115 Abkhazia and Abkhazians 5,1921,115-116,203; and CFE124; and EU 173; and Five Day War 129-135; and Georgia 239n23; and Kosovo 52,126; merchant shipping 173-174; and UNOMIG 172; and WTO 182 Abu Dhabi 90-91 Adjara 101,115,135,144; and Armenia 151; and Russia 86, 99 adoptions 188 aerial surveillance 71-72,195, 232 Aeroflot 231 Afghanistan 62,65, 67, 69; and Britain 238nl4; and Russia 108, 165-166,168; Soviet invasion of 32,158,199,213; and U.S. 9,104, 177,179,212 Africa 9,110,125 Afrin (Syria) 215 Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation 35 agriculture 16,157,206,223 Ahtisaari, Marttı 55 airspace 215 airborne forces 130-131,134 aircraft carriers 108,229; see also Mistral airlines 94 airports 28, 56-57,135; in Armenia 150-151; in Crimea 193,195; of Moscow 144; in Ukraine 201 Akayev, Askar 103-104 Akhalgori (South Ossetia) 137 Akhalkalaki (Georgia) 117 Akhmetov, Rinat 199,208 Al-Qaeda 69,71 Alawite 213 Albania 51 Albright, Madelaine 53, 64 alcoholism 158 Aleppo 211,213,217 Alexander I 79 Algeria 90,118 algorithm 231 Aliyev, Heidar 26,147,148,153-154 Aliyev, Ilham 147,149 American University 231 anarchists 187 Andijon 177-178 Andorra 46 Andover 71 Angola 9 anthem, national 45, 99,252nl9 anthropologists 132 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 72-73, 118 anti-Communism 10 anti-Semitic 210 Antonov, Anatoly 221 apartments 161,162 apology 83 appeasement 99,199 Arab League 214 Arab Spring 183-185 Arabic language 108,111-112,163 Arabs 214 archives 20-21 Ardzinba, Vladislav 20-21, 23 Armenia 18-19,23-27; and CSTO 108; and Eurasian Economic Union 182; and pipeline
148; and railroads 131,135,137; and Russia 149-153 arms sales 90-91, 93,108; and Georgia 130; of Russia 118,161 arrogance 57; of European officials 34,36, 85-86,190-191; of U.S. officials 55, 78, 84, 86 arsenals 29,199,207 artillery 63,116,124; and Georgia 130,132,136,149; in Syria 215217; in Ukraine 195,199,201, 208 Aspin, Les 39 al-Assad, Bashar 94,183-185, 211-217 al-Assad, Hafez 94 assassinations 61 Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions 229-230,234 Association Agreement 190-192, 207,27ІП20 ataman 194 Atatürk, Kemal 86 atheism 6 August 1991 coup attempt 7,8-9, 188 Australia 206 Austria 88,125; neutrality of 14, 8182,167; and South Stream 142 autonomy 23,197 281 Azerbaijan 18-19,23-27; and Georgia 116,256n20; and Russia 147-149,151; and Turkey 153-154 Bahrain 214 bait and switch 166,184 Baker, James 14, 73 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek 104,179 Baku 18,24,147-148 Baltic Republics 5,8,38,40,122; and G7 226; and NATO 70,75 banana republics 84,144, 275и8 bands 108 Bank of New York 119 banks 122,205 Basayev, Shamil 61-63 bases 95,103,179; of Russia 184, 252n32; of U.S. 177, 264n6 Batumi 18,115,117,144,174 BBC 108,230,277n20 Belarus 43,44,48,105; and Eurasian Economic Union 181183; and Zapad 2017 225 Belbek (Crimea) 195-196 Belgium 197,206 Benghazi 183 Berkut 192-195 Berlusconi, Silvio 74-75, 77, 87, 93,125; and Georgia 130-131; and response to Five Day War 146; and Ukraine 175 Bible 123 Biden, Joe 168-169,233-235; and Libya 183-184 billionaires 217, 234; see also oligarchs Bishkek 103-104,179 Black Sea 84,86-87; and NATO 128-129,140,143-144,178, 250n29; and pipelines 205 Black Sea
Fleet 44-46,49,174 blackmail 124,130,203,208,222 Blair, Tony 73,77 blockade 30, 62,117,123; on Abkhazia 128; on Crimea 204; on Eastern Ukraine 208-209 Blue Stream 88,114,152; 175 Bolivia 240n44 Bolotnaya Square (Moscow) 186187 Bolsheviks 18-19,159
282 bombing 53-54, 63, 66; of Georgia 136; of Iraq 80; in Libya 183; of Serbia 141; in Syria 213, 215; in Ukraine 199-200 Border Monitoring Operation (OSCE) 107 Bordyusha, Nikolay 108 Bosporus 128,148 Botlikh 63 “bots” 123 brandy 150 Brasilia Treaty 238n2 bread 27,47,214 Brexit 224, 226 bribery 79 bridges 208 Britain 18, 64, 71-72,106; and European Security proposal 169; and Iraq invasion 77; response to Five Day War 140; and Salisbury incident 224; and Syria 215 British Council 106 Bronze Soldier Statue 122-123,140 Bucharest Summit 121,128-129,175 Budapest Memorandum 44, 243u7 budgets 224-225,229 Bulgaria 57,75,81,116,125; and pipelines 88,205 bullying 78; see also ultimatums bunker 274n31 buses 193, 207 Bush, George H.W. 14, 72,73 Bush, George W. 66-69,121,146; and Caucasus 174; and Chechnya 247n33; and Five Day War 175; and Georgia 116,128-130,142; and Iran 94; and Iraq invasion 75-90,211; and missile defense 167; and nuclear weapons 72-73; and sanctions 118; and Sarkozy mission 125-137; and Ukraine 128-129 business 182,188, 206 Cairo 165 Caliphate in the Caucasus 62 cameras 232 Camranh Bay (Vietnam) 9, 69 Canada 209,254n3 capitalism 7 Caribbean 265м27 Carmel Institute of Russian Culture and History 232 Caspian Sea 5, 87,178,147 casus belli 149,153 Catalonia 126 Caucasus 18-27, 62,135; and CFE 124; and U.S. 174,177 Caucasus 2008 132-133 Caucasus 2009 173 CBS 230 ceasefire: in Abkhazia 23; in Chechnya 31-32, 65-66; in Georgia 135; in Moldova 16; in Nagorno-Karabakh 27; in South Ossetia 20,133; in Ukraine 201 Index Central Asia 5, 67, 69,104,166, 177-180; and Eurasian
Economic Union 181 Ceyhan (Turkey) 149 CFE see Conventional Forces in Europe Chaco War 240и44 Chalyi, Alexey 193-194 chambers of commerce 84, 90 Chapman, Anna 170-171,231 Chechnya and Chechens 21; and Central Asia 177,178; and CFE 124; and Council of Europe 36; and EU 35; First Chechnya War 28-32,41,48,63,66; and Five Day War 134; and France 125; and Iran 93; and Iraq invasion 79; and media 24Խ20; and NGOs 106; and OSCE 246n3; Second Chechnya War 61-70, 80,89; and Transnistria 97; and Turkey 86,89 cheese 206,223 Cheeseburger Summit 169-170 chemical weapons 13,211-212 Chernobyl 44 Chernomyrdin, Victor 54-55 children 162-163 China 5-6,10,13,245n37; and arms sales 118; and Eurasian Economic Union 183; and Five Day War 144; and G7 226; and Iraq invasion 78-79; and Kosovo 54; and Russian diplomats 164; in Russian Far East 148; and Syria 185; and Uzbekistan 178; and Vietnam 9-10; and White Revolution 187 Chinese language 163 Chirac, Jacques 78-79 Chisinau 98-99 chlorine gas 215 Chongar Peninsula (Crimea) 193194,196 Christians 21,52,147,149 Churchill, Winston 18 CIA 160,265ռ31 citizens and citizenship 45, 47, 117; Eastern Europe 202-203; protection of 137,141 Clark, Wesley 56-57 Clinton, Bill 58; and Chechnya 31, 106; and Kosovo 53-55, 57; and NATO expansion 38-39,243«36; and Yeltsin 40-41, 64-65, 70,121 Clinton, Hillary 165,169,179; and U.S. election 109, 217, 229,233; and White Revolution 187 CNN 52, 54,56,230, 275u20 coal 197,208-209 “coalition of the willing” 77 Coast Guard 174 coat of arms 45 Cohen, Stephen 233 coke plant 208 Cold War 6,13-14,33,37,39; and Black Sea 140; and
Iran 93; and Iraq 77; nostalgia for 224; relics of 188; revival of 205; and Turkey 84,86-88; and use of force 120 Cold Warriors 53,66,71,167-168, 232; and Georgia 174; and NATO 70,73-75 Collective Security Treaty Organization see CSTO Color Revolutions 105-108,178, 185-186 Comey, Jim 229 Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe 222,227 Committees of Soldiers’ Mothers 141 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 43-45,181 Communism 5-7, 4,1875; in Russian Foreign Ministry 9 Communist Party of Georgia 100 Communist Party of the Russian Federation 32, 36 Communist Party of the Soviet Union 6, 24186; and Chechnya 28; and Foreign Ministry 158159,161 compensations 43,82 computers 122-123 condominium status 46-47 Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe see CSCE conscripts 200,224; in Crimea 46, 196; in Russia 141,187 Conservative Party (Britain) 275n20 “consociational” 197, 252nl4 Constitutional Court of Russia 222, 274n6 constitutions: of Crimea 46-48, 196; of Moldova 97 consulates (Russian) 9,160,162, 164, 207 consumerism 158 contacts 170 containment 13, 70 Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE) 13-14, 87, 96; repeal of 123-125,221,225 coronavirus 217,234 corruption 29-30; in Georgia 100; in Kyrgyzstan 103,179; in Soviet Foreign Ministry 158-159; in Ukraine 207,210 Cossacks 194 Council of Europe 35-37,38; and Chechnya 65-66,106; and Crimea 205; and Five Day War 143,145; and Russia 221-222, 226-228 counterintelligence 158,160,170 coup attempt 173 crime 13, 61-62, 64, 91 Crimea 80, 95,102; currency of 202; and Russia 174; and Syria
Index 214-215; and Transnistria 99; unification with Russia 193-197, 221; U.S. reprisals 111, 204-206, 217,274n34 Crimean War of 1854-1856 140, 250n29 CSCE (Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe) 13, 26, 36-38,168 CSTO (Collective Security Treaty Organization) 107-108,168,176; and Armenia 149,152,154; and Uzbekistan 178 Cuba 6,15, 69-70, 97,163; and U.S. 118,204; and Yeltsin 7,10 cultural genocide 19,21 currency 202,208 Customs Union 182-183 Customs Union Treaty of 1995 181 cyberwar 140-141 Cyprus 88,139,223 Czech Republic 39,42,116; and European Security proposal 169; and missile defense 118,119,167 Czechoslovakia 10,13 Dagestan 62 dam 207 Daraa (Syria) 184 Debaltsevo (Donetsk) 201 deception 166 defense industry 114,157 demilitarized zone 215 Democratic National Committee (DNC) 219, 229,274n44 demonstrators 102-104,173,179, 268и29; in Ukraine 192-193 Department of New Threats and Challenges 160 despot 191 diamonds 91 Diensthier, Jiri 13 digital 206,232 Dima Yakovlev Act 188-189 diplomacy 30,78,132; classical 138; Russian 128 Diplomatic Academy 161-162 diplomats 76,79-80,107; Russian 90, 98,109-110,125,218; U.S. 83-85,105,132,133,163,169,170 Distributed Denial of Service attacks 122 Djibouti 205 Dnieper River 48, 207 Dr. Strangelove 56 dollar zone 119 Donbass 197,200,208-209; see also Eastern Ukraine Donetsk 102,113-114,197-203,208 double standards 66, 71,107,141, 143; see also morality drones 133 drugs 108 drunkenness 55,121 Dudayev, Dzhokhar 28-32, 61 Duma 69,72,80,105; and Abkhazia 128,142; and Council of Europe 205,221-222, 227; and Crimea 210; and Kosovo
126; and South Ossetia 142 “Dutch Disease” 148 Eastern Europe 36, 39,70, 97; cur rency of 202; and EU 34; and European Security proposal 169; languages of 163; and Mafia 275ИІ9; and NATO expansion 13, 129, 243n36; and Soviet Union 6,10 Eastern Ukraine 50,102,113-114, 193; passports for 227; revolt of 197-202 EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Develop ment) 33-35; and Parliamentary Assembly 36; sanctions on Russia 204; and Soviet Union 241и7 economic crisis of August 1998 67 economy 49, 61,76, 85; of Armenia 150; of Eastern Ukraine 202; of Georgia 100,117,137; of Kyrgyzstan 103; of Russia 118,157, 160,183; of Ukraine 49-50,114, 174-176,207 Ecuador 238n2 Egypt 9,89-90, 94,183; and Mistral 206; and Syria 214 elections 32,41-42, 65,70,107; in Chechnya 61,246n3; in Crimea 46-47; in Finland 83; in Georgia 100; in Kyrgyzstan 103-104; in Russia 186-187; in Ukraine 48-49,102-103,113-114, 210; in U.S. 37,217-219,229-230 electricity 16,27,48; in Crimea 207; in Ukraine 208-209 embassies 9, 54, 74,96,122; in Abkhazia 120; in Kyrgyzstan 102ЮЗ; of Russia 158-164,207,220; see also United States embassies Emmy awards 109 energy sector 150 engineers 162 English language 108,111-112; in Georgia 116; and Russian diplo mats 163-164 enthusiasm 196 envy 98 epidemics 47 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 87,144; and Armenia 151-154; and Putin 250n26; and Syria 215-217 Ergneti market 115 Estonia 70,83,122-123,140 ethnic cleansing 19,24,52,54; in Kyrgyzstan 179-180 ethnic groups 103-104 EU (European Union) 13,34-36, 168,254nl9; and Association Agreement 190-192; and Azer baijan 149; and Chechnya
65-66; and Council of Europe 222; and 283 Eurasian Economic Union 181183; and Five Day War 135-139; and Georgia 172-173; and Hungary 83-84; reprisals on Russia 204-206,210, 223-224; and response to Five Day war 142-143,144-146,173; and Russia 74-75,78; and Transnistria 99; and Turkey 84-86; and Ukraine 101,113,172,175,271n20; and use of force 120; and Uzbekistan 178; see also Partnership and Cooperation Agreement Euphrates River 215 Eurasian Economic Community 181-182 Eurasian Economic Union 152,176, 181-183; and Azerbaijan 149 Euro zone 119 Eurocentrism 34, 86 Europe 81 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development see EBRD European Community (EC) 13 European Court of Human Rights 36,37, 221-222, 227-228 European Security Treaty draft 167-169 European Union see EU extremism 107 Exxon-Mobil 233 Facebook 218-219,231 “failed state” 29 fait accompli 132 Farsi language 163 fatigue 66,138,173 FBI 160,170,229,231; and spies 265n31 Federal Register 119 Federal Security Service (FSB) 27, 63,105-106,160; and Abkhazia 174; and Armenia 149; and Crimea 208,210; and Kyrgyzstan 179 Federal Service for MilitaryTechnical Cooperation 161 federalism 98,201 Federation Council 142,195,199 Feodosia (Crimea) 196-197 ferries 195-196 film 232 financial crisis 136,138-139,143, 145; of August 1998174 Finland 10-11,14, 81-83,167; and Council of Europe 227 Finno-Ugrian peoples 83 First Guards Army 225 fishermen 210 Five Day War with Georgia 128139,168; and Armenia 151; and Azerbaijan 149; and Bush administration 175; and CFE124; and Hungary 84; and Lake Valdai 110; and media 109, 111; and Middle
East 91; and NGOs 106;
284 and OSCE 172-173; response of the West 140-146; and Turkey 87 flags 45,135,196 “flank regime 124 Flynn, Michael 233,277и30 food 151,152,214 Foreign Agents Registration Act 109, 111, 230 Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) 41,76,160, 258îî24 Foreign Ministry (France) 158 Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation 8-9, 96-97,115,157164; and CFE 225; and Council of Europe 221-222; and Eastern Ukraine 197; and Five Day War 143-144; and Georgia 131-132, 135,174; and G7 226; and Libya 183-184; and NATO expansion 129; and neutrality 168; and Ukraine 210; and U.S. elections 219-220 Foreign Ministry of Soviet Union 8-9 Foreign Trade Ministry 158,159, 161 Founding Act 42 Fourteenth Army (Russia) 16-18, 46, 97 Fox network 109 fragility 218 France 41-42, 81,224; and CFE 123; and Council of Europe 227; and European Security proposal 169; and Five Day War 135-140; and G7 226; and Kosovo 125-126; and Libya 184; and Mistral 206; and NATO expansion 129; and Syria 94,118, 211-212, 214; and Ukraine 193; and U.S. invasion of Iraq 76-80 free-market fanatics 187 free trade area 35,79, 81,190; in near abroad 181-183 “Freedom Agenda” 121,130 “freedom” fries 81 French language 109, 111, 163 friends 131 Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership Treaty 49 fruits 206, 207,215,223; from Azerbaijan 148-149 G7 225-226 G8 40, 42, 55, 204,270n3 G20 234 Gaddafi, Muammar 183-184 Gagra (Abkhazia) 20,21 Gali (Georgia) 20, 23,134 Gamzakhurdia, Ziad 19-20,30 gas, natural 83,113,149,157; and Crimea 205; and Ukraine 175176,202, 206-207 Gates, Robert M. 5,121, 275nl8 Gazprom 82, 83; and Ukraine 113114,175, 203,
207 Index General Assembly of United Nations 66,204-205; and Syria 213 General Will 18, 27, 202,240«44 genocide 19-21, 25, 239n23 Georgia 18-23,114-118,125,128139,172-174; and Abkhazia 239n23; and Azerbaijan 256n20; and Chechnya 30, 61-62; and CSTO 108; and EU 207; inde pendence of 25; and Kosovo 52, 87,126; and NATO 75,127,165, 167,172,175,178; and Open Skies Treaty 143,232; and OSCE 107; railway in 27; Rose Revolution 98-103; and Transnistria 96-98; and Turkey 86-87; and WTO 182 Georgian language 19,101 German language 109 Germany 10,14,31,73-74,76-81; and Council of Europe 227; and European Security proposal 169; and Kyrgyzstan 103-104; and NATO expansion 129,131; and North Stream 114; response to Five Day War 140; and Turkey 85; and Ukraine 193 Ghouta (Syria) 215 Girkin, Igor see Strelkov, Igor gold Google 218-219,231 Google-Earth 231 Gorbachev, Mikhail 8, 55,122; and Chechnya 28; and China 6; and Five Day War 141; and Iraq 77; and Japan 12; and nationalities 15,19; and NATO 14, 73, 238n27; and Putin 121; and Soviet Union 268ռ12; and Yeltsin 7 Gore, Al 30, 53 Gori (Georgia) 134 GPlus 109-111 Grachev, Pavel 30 Great Recession 136,139,145-146, 182 Greece 88,121,125,205 Grozny 28,30,32,61 GRU (Russian Military Intelligence) 76,116,258n24, 262nll; and Foreign Ministry 158-159; and hacking 219,274и44; and spies 265n31 Grushko, Alexander 190 Gudauta (Abkhazia) 20 Gudermes (Chechnya) 61 guerrillas 23,32 Gulf War 76 Gumista River 21 gun ownership 231 Gyumri (Armenia) 150 Gyursany, Ferenc 84 hackers 122,140-141,208; and U.S. 217-219 Hamas 91 Hanssen, Robert P. 74 harassment 158
hate groups 106 hegemony 265n27 helicopters 25,56,67,206 Helsinki meeting 170 Hezbollah 91 Hill, William H. 51 Hindi language 163 historians 20, 25,162,163 Hitler, Adolf 86 Hmeymim air base (Syria) 213,216 Hobbes, Thomas 19 Homo sovieticus 187 Homs (Syria) 211 Hoover Institution Archives 2 horse-trading 125,275n20 hostages 271 hotels 109,192 human rights 106,122,125 humanitarian 184,199 Hungary 10,41,57, 83-84, 88, 121; and Council of Europe 227; and EU 275n20; and European Security proposal 169; and NATO 39,41-42; and Syria 214 hunger 13,35; in Abkhazia 128; in Foreign Ministry 9 Hussein, Saddam 30,76-80,184, 211 hysteria 81,83,84,226,230-231, 234 idealism 190 ideology 121-123 Idlib (Syria) 213,214-217 Illinois 219 illusions 57-58,141,128,170 Ilyushin- 76 56,153 “Immediate Response” 132 immigration 148,157 imperial overreach 104,174 imperialism 86 impertinence 126 import substitution 183 independence 28, 32; of Abkhazia 128,137,142; of Armenia 25; of Kosovo 52-53,125-127; of South Ossetia 128,137,142; of Spanish America 15 India 18, 93,118,133, 238ЯІ4; and English language 163-164; and Five Day War 144; and G7 226 India-Pakistan border 133 Indo-European language family 83 industry 16 inflation 160 informants 158,160,179,231 Ingori River (Georgia) 23,142,174 Ingush 239ИІ6 inmates 274 inspections 37, 76,124,212 Instagram 218 Institute of Democracy and Cooperation 111 intelligence 130,158; failures 78,230 Intensified Dialogue (ID) 117 International Atomic Energy Agency 94
Index international law 132-134 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 65,126,176 internationalism 7 internet 112,140-141,193 Internet Research Agency 217-218 INTERPOL 222-223 invasion 83,84, 221 Iran 27,76, 91,93-95,118; and Azerbaijan 147; and Chechnya 89; and hostage crisis 132; and missile defense 167; and Russia 166; sanctions on 119,169-170, 264и8; and Syria 184,214; see also Persia Iraq 72,75-80, 82,121; and Obama 183; and Turkey 85 Iraq-II 184,211 Iraq-Ill 184,211 Iron Curtain 113 Islam and Muslims 6,21,52,149; in Azerbaijan 147; in Foreign Ministry 161; and Iran 93; in Kosovo 126; in Pakistan 166; and Russia 89,93,161,166; and Turkey 84,86; in Uzbekistan 177-178 Islamic extremists and fundamen talists 61-63,65-67,69,71,76, 86, 89; in Libya 184; in Syria 185, 212,216,25ІПІ4 isolation 126 isolationism 7 Israel 88,91,188,215; and Crimea 204; and Syria 273nl2 Istanbul 18,64-65,250n29 Italy 74-75,87-88,125; and Coun cil of Europe 227; and European Security proposal 169; and Libya 184; and pipelines 205; and sanctions on Russia 223; and Ukraine 174 ITAR-TASS see TASS Ivanov, Igor S. 33,52,106; and Georgia 101,115,117; and U.S. elections 219-220 Jackson, Mike 56 Jackson-VanikLaw 188 Jagland, Thorbjørn 226-227 Jalalabad (Kyrgyzstan) 104,179 Japan 11-12,146,164; and Crimea 206 Javelin missile 209 jews 86,91,188; see also Israel jihad 62,216 “Joint Political Declaration on Partnership and Cooperation” 35 Jordan 215 journalists 110,192,225 Kalashnikovs 198 Kaliningrad 11,167,232 Kalugin, Mikhail 220 Karasın, Grigory 128 Karelia 10-11, 82 Karimov, Islam 177-178 Karshi Khanabad
177-179 Kasatonov, Igor 44, 269n42 Kazakhstan 44, 48,108,173; and Eurasian Economic Union 181183 Kazimírov, Vladimir 26 Kerch (Crimea) 195-196 Kerch Bridge 210, 271и28 Kerch Strait incident 227 Ketchum 109-110 KGB 6,158-159, 262nll Khan Seikhoun 216 Kharkov (Ukraine) 197-198,201 Kharkov Agreement 176, 207 Khasavyurt Agreement 32, 66 Khasbulatov, Ruslan 20 Khrushchev, Nikita 6, 65 kidnappings 61-62, 64, 91 King, Larry 109 Kislyak, Sergei 219, 248n21,263nl7 Kocharian, Robert 27 Kodori River 23 Kompromat 97, 220 Korson massacre (Ukraine) 193 Kosovo 51-58,125-127,141; and Five Day War 142,144,145; and Hungary 84; and Syria 181 Kouchner, Bernard 125 Kozak, Dmitry 97-99 Kozak Memorandum 97-99,168, 252ЛІ4 “Kozakll” 99 Kozyrev, Andrei 8-10,31, 35,41, 43 Kravchuk, Leonid 43-45,47 Kremlin list 234 Kuchma, Leonid 44,48-49; and Orange Revolution 101-103 Kurds 184,215-217 Kurile Islands 11-12,206 Kyrgyzstan 103-104,108,166, 177-180; and Eurasian Economic Union 181-183 labor 182-183 Lachin road (Armenia) 25 Lake Valdai International Discus sion Club 110 languages 162-164,165 Latakia (Syria) 95,217 Latin America 6,15,109,110; and Crimea 204-205 Latvia 70, 71 Laughland, John 111 launch codes 44 Lavrov, Sergei 55,58,120,125,126; and Five Day War 135,139,141, 145; and Georgia 107,117; and MGIMO 263ИІ7; and reset 165; and Syria 211,213-214; and U.S. elections 219 leaks of news 110 Lebanon 94 Lebed, Alexander 16,32 285 lectures 93 Lehman Brothers 138-139,145 Lenin, Vladimir 191 Lesin, Mikhail 106 libraries 20-21 Libya 90,182-183,211 “line of contact” 26 Lisbon protocol 44 literature 163
Lithuania 11,227 loans 9,34,65,94,191 Lourdes (Cuba) 69 luck 176,178 Lugansk 102,200-203,208 Lukhoil 77 lying and liar 53,139 Machiavelli, Niccolò 28 machine guns 208 Macron, Emmanuel 226-227 Mafia 91,275nl9 Magnitsky Act 188-189 Maidan Square (Kiev) 102,192-193, 209 Malaya 64 Malaysian Airlines 200 Manafort, Paul 113 Manas air base 103,166, 264n6 Manbij (Syria) 216-217 MAP see Membership Action Plan Marines Mariupol (Ukraine) 199, 200, 210 marriages 19 Marxism 76,79,85 Maskhadov, Aslan 61-62 massacres 193,199 Matta Hari 170 May, Theresa 224, 275n20 mayors 193-194 McFaul, Michael 170, 264nl0, 265n27 media 21,108-112; and Chechnya 28, 32, 64, 67-69,24Խ20; and Libya 183; and spies 170; and Syria 185; and Ukraine 191; Western 219 Medvedev, Dmitry 165-171,185; and demonstrators 268n29; and Five Day War 135-138,142,144; and Libya 183-184; and sanctions 234 Membership Action Plan (MAP) 87,117,128-130,175 mercenaries 30 merchant ships 86,173 Merkel, Angela 129,131,175; and Ukraine 191 Meshkov, Yuri 46-49,195,269n42 MGIMO (Moscow State Institute of Foreign Relations) 111, 160-163, 263ПІ7 middle class 187 Middle East 1,6,76, 89-95,123, 183-185; see also Syria MIG 195 Migranyan, Andranick 111
286 military 157,159-160; and Islam 161; of Ukraine 195-201; see also GRU military districts 43-44 military maneuvers 99,108,132133,173,225 military police 217 militias 63; in Abkhazia 20-21,145; in Armenia 25,26; in Crimea 193-196; in South Ossetia 19-20 military attaché 55 military districts 97 military solution 66, 68 Miloševič, Slobodan 51-55 Ministry of Interior 62-63 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) 160 Minsk I accords 201 Minsk II accords 201 Minsk conference 26-27 missile defense 166-167,169 Mistral 206 Mitchell, Lincoln A. 105 Moldova 5,15-18, 96-99,173; and EU 207; and neutrality 167 Molotovcocktails 20 monarchies 183 Montreux Convention 86,140 morality 51, 52,199-200; see also double standards Morocco 90 mortars 195 Moscow 158,160,161-162,164; construction in 85; protests in 186-187; trip to 165,183 Moscow State Institute of Inter national Relations see MGIMO Moscow Times 208 motorcycle clubs 194 Mubarak, Hosni 89-91,183 Mueller report 233-234 Munich Speech 119-122,128-129, 169 museums 20 Myers, Steven Lee 96 Nabucco pipeline 83,88,149 Nagorno-Karabakh 24-27, 38, 149-154; and pipeline 148 Napoleon 79 Narabayev, Nursultan 181 Narochnitskaya, Natalia 111 National Liberation Movements 6 National Rifle Association 231 nationalists 16,45,49,52,186,188; Russian 140-142,187-188,221222; Ukrainian 192-194,207-210 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 12-14, 37,145, 190; and Azerbaijan 147-149; and Black Sea 86,140, 250«29; and candidate states 78; and Caucasus 18; and CFE124; and Crimea 225; and CSTO 108; and European Security proposal 168169; expansion of 21,
38-42, 66, Index 238n27; and Finland 81-83; and Georgia 117-118,128-132,165, 167,178; and Hungary 83-84; and Kosovo 51-58,72; and missile defense 118; response to Five Day War 140-143,145; and Russia 7375,79,204,224-225; and Soviet Union 77; and Transnistria 9697; and Turkey 84-87; and Ukraine 113,128-131,175; and use of force 120; and Uzbekistan 178 NATO-Russia Council 81,107, 121,142,145; creation of 74-75; suspended 204,225 Nazis 70,82,122; invasion of Russia 133,140; neo-Nazis 210 “Near Abroad” 1,9,36,157; and bases 252n32; and free trade area 181-183; and NGOs 105; and Obama administration 171-180, 265n27 nepotism 158-159 Netherlands 106 neutralization 14, 82, 83,167-168; of Ukraine 176 New Caledonia 32 New START Treaty 165,167-169; see also START New York Times 225 newspapers 123 NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) 64, 98,122,126; in Georgia 100; in Kyrgyzstan 103-104; in Russia 105-106, HO MI, 185-186,188; and spying 106; in Ukraine 101,190,192 Nicaragua 144,163 9/11 attacks 63, 67, 69-72, 77, 85; and Russia 165 no-fly-zone 183,185, 211 Nobel Peace Prize 8 nomenklatura 28 non-aggression pact 131 non-use-of-force pledge 131 Noriega, Manuel I2I North Crimea Canal 48,207 North Korea 93,118,167 North Ossetia 238wl6 North Stream 82,114,175 Northern Alliance 69 Norway 81 nuclear reactors 93,143 nuclear umbrella 108 nuclear weapons 13, 35, 37,44, 54, 57,72-73,108; and Iran 94,119, 155,169-170; see also START Obama, Barack 264и8; and reprisals over Crimea 111, 204-206; and reset 165-171; and Syria 211-212 Obamamania 165 observation posts 215,217 Ochamchira (Abkhazia) 20
Odessa 17,44,209 Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights 106 old people 21,187 oligarchs 58,191,199,205 Olympics see Sochi 102nd base (Armenia) 150 125 mm tank shells 97 “one inch to the east” 14,185 Open Skies Treaty 71-72,232-233; and Five Day War 143 Orange Revolution (Ukraine) 101ЮЗ, 113-114,176,182 Organization for Economic Coop eration and Development 85, 204,221,223 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe see OSCE orphans 188 Ortega, Daniel 144 Orthodox Church 6 OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) 3738,71,167; and Armenia 27; and Baltic Republics 70; in Chechnya 31-32; and Crimea 48-49; and English language 163; and Five Day War 145-146; and Georgia 128-139,172; and Kosovo 126; in Kyrgyzstan 103; and NGOs 106 and Russia 106-107; and Transnistria 18, 96-99 OSCE Assistance Group in Chechnya 31,64,66-68 Osh (Kyrgyzstan) 104,179 Ossetia 5 Pakistan 133,166 paper industry 82 paper tiger 127,134 parade 115; see also Victory in Europe “parade of sovereignties” 28; see also independence Paraguay 240ռ44 Paris 111 parliament (Crimea) 46-49,194195 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) 33, 35-36, 65-66; and Crimea 205; and Five Day War 143; and Russia 221-222,226-227,235 parties, political 57,73 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement 35,81,138,204; revision of142-143,145,223,227 “Partnership for Peace” 39-41 passports 47,129,137,141; in Ukraine 174,207,227 payments 222,227 peacekeepers; in Abkhazia 21,23, 130-131,239ft35; in Georgia 136; in South Ossetia 131,133-134,141; in Yugoslavia 56 Pearl Harbor attack 78
pensions 203,270я74 Pentagon 39, 56, 62,67; and Open
Index Skies Treaty 232; and Syria 212214 People’s Republics 201-203 Perekop Isthmus (Crimea) 193194,196 Permanent Joint Council 42,73-75 Permanent Normal Trade Partner (PNTP) 188 Permanent Partnership Council 35 Perry, William 39 Persia 18-19; see also Iran “Person of the Year” 121 Peru 238n2 Peskov, Dmitry 162, 219 Peter the Great 18 petroleum 29-30,85,202,206; and Azerbaijan 147-148; and Crimea 205; in Iraq 77,80 Ph.D.s 162 pipelines 5,27,114,135,175; and Turkey 148,149 pirates 203 plebiscites 142 pogrom 193 poisoning 102,226 poker game 144 Poland 10,38-39,42; and Euro pean Security proposal 169; and Five Day War 145; and missile defense 118,119,167; and Ukraine 193 police: in Chechnya 28,29,62-63; in Crimea 47-48,194-196; and CSTO108; in Estonia 122; in Kyrgyzstan 104; in Moscow 186-187; in Ukraine 192-193, 197-198; in Yugoslavia 51; see also INTERPOL Policy Planning Staff 73 Polikovskaya, Anna 125 Politburo 158-159,186 polling places 218 polls 195,196 population 157 Poroshenko, Petro 199-202,209210 posters 214 Poteyev, Alexandr 265л31 Poti 174,150-151 Powell, Colin 66, 78,115-116,136 Prague Summit 74-75 presidential commission on U.S.Russia relations 167 press briefings 110 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 217 Primakov, Yevgeny 41-42,53,54, 57,162; and Hungary 84; and Iraq invasion 79; and Middle East 90 Pristina (Kosovo) 55-57 profits 119,191 Prokopchuk, Alexander 222 proprietary information 119 prostitution 91 protectionism 183,206, 223 protectorates 142 pseudonym 119 public opinion 199-201 public relations 109-110,112 Puerto Rico 15 pundits 133 puppets 37,112 purges 9 Putin,
Vladimir 105,119, 268я29; and Armenia 151-154; and arms sales 161; and Azerbaijan 147; and Chechnya 65, 67; and China 6, 10; and CIS 181; and Crimea 194196, 204; and Donald Trump 229, 233-235; and Eastern Ukraine 199,201-203; and Egypt 89-90; and Finland 82-83; and G7 225226,270n3; and Georgia 100-101, 114-118,144,146; and Iran 93-94; and Iraq invasion 77-80; and Kosovo 54, 58; and Lake Valdai 110; and Libya 183; and media 108-111; and Middle East 90-91; and Munich Speech 120-121,123; and NATO 73-75,128-129; and NGOs 105; and nuclear weapons 73-73; and OSCE 107; and reset 165,168-170; and sanctions 118; and Syria 211-217; and Transnistria 96-99; and Turkey 87, 250и26; and Ukraine 101-102, 191,210; and U.S. elections 220, 230; and West 69-70; and White Revolution 185-188 Qaddafi, Muammar 90, 94-95 Qatar 212 quid pro quo 30,62,67,71,188 quixotic 199, 231 radio 111, 230 railroads 18,93; in Abkhazia 20; and Armenia 150-152; and Azer baijan 149,150; and Crimea 27ІЛ28; in Georgia 27,131,149; in Ukraine 201,207,208 railway battalion 131,208 Ramadan 214 rankings 109,230 rapes 20,25,179 rations 27 real estate 170 Realpolitik 130 red hair 170,231 “red lines” 42,127,165,167,172, 175-176; and Iraq 77; in Syria 211 referendum 32,46,198; in Britain 226; in Crimea 195-196, 205 refugees 238nl6; in Abkhazia 20, 23; in Armenia 150; in Syria 217; in Ukraine 200; in Yugoslavia 51-52 regime change 105,126; in Libya 184; in Russia 182 Reintegration of the Donbass Law 209-210 remittances 104,117,174 287 rent 166,177-178; on bases 103, 205-207, 264n6 Report of the Independent FactFinding Mission
on the Conflict with Georgia 132-134,173 Republican National Convention 219 Republican Party 243n36 reset in relations with Russia 165182,185 restaurants 100-101 retirement 164 RIA Novosti 109-111 rice 207 Rice, Condoleezza 116,129,131,135 Rice, Susan 205 riots 179 rocket launchers 25,116,132-133; and Crimea 195,196 Roki tunnel (Russia) 132-133 Roman Empire 52 Rome 74-75 Rose Revolution (Georgia) 98-103, 114 Rosneft 205 Rosoboronexport 118-119,169 Rossiya Segodnya 111 Rostov-on-the-Don 209 round wood 82 Rousseau, Jean Jacques 27,240n44 Roxburgh, Angus 113 RT (Russia Today) 91,108-109,112, 230; and U.S. elections 218-219 ruble 47,208 Rumania 57, 75,169 Russia Today television see RT Russian Chamber of Trade and Industry 84 Russian Civil War 18-19 Russian General Staff 131,133,135 Russian language 43,45, 96,102, 111, 165; in Azerbaijan 148; in Baltic Republics 222; in Bucha rest Summit 129; in Georgia 116; schools 162; in Ukraine 193,195197, 201, 208; in U.S. 231 Russian navy 95 Russian Railways 152 Russian Revolution 18, 82 Russian troops: in Chechnya 29,61; in Eastern Europe 10, 14; in Poland 10; in Transnistria 17-18, 96-99; in Yugoslavia 5657 Russians, ethnic 5,16, 28,40, 70, 97; in Baltic Republics 122; in Ukraine 174,193-194; in U.S. 109,231 Russo-Finnish War 82 Russo-Tunisian Business Council 90 Ruxit 226-227 Ryabov, Andrey 121 S-300 170,264«8 Saab 71
288 Saakashvili, Mikheil “Misha” 100101,114-118; and Azerbaijan 148; and coup attempt 173; and Five Day War 130-136,142; and Ukraine 209-210 Sadat, Anwar 94 Safanov, Aleksandr 119 Saimaa Canal (Russia) 82 St. Petersburg 10-11,70,106; and CFE124 Sakharov Avenue (Moscow) 186 Sakwa, Richard 190 Salisbury incident (Britain) 224, 226 San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 11 sanctions: on Abkhazia 128; over Crimea 217,233-234; and Eurasian Economic Union 183; on Georgia 117; on Iran 93-94, 119,166; on Russia 118-119,142, 145-146, 204-206; on Syria 9495,185; on Uzbekistan 178 Sanders, Bernie 219 Sarkozy, Nicolas 125; and Five Day War 132-139,173; and Syria 212 satellites 77-78,166 Saudi Arabia 93, 94, 252nl9; and Chechnya 89; and Syria 212 Sawka, Richard 190 schools 45,90,162-163; of em bassies 263n21; in Ukraine 208 Schröder, Gerhard 73, 78-79 Sea of Azov 21 2nd Brigade (Georgia) 134 secular 85-86,147 Security Council (Russia) 194,199 Security Council (U.N.) 13,37, 119,169; and Abkhazia 23; and Georgia 116,146,172; and Iran 119,166; and Iraq invasion 77-78; and Kosovo 55,126; and Libya 183-184; and Syria 95,185, 212; and White Revolution 187 Seleznyov, Gennady 80 Senāki (Georgia) 134 separatists 46-49 Serbia 7,51-56, 66,72,125-127; bombing of 141,245n9; and Georgia 173 Sevastopol 45, 95,102,193-196; naval base 176,207; and Syria 215 Seven Sisters 158,160 sex trade and practices 91,158 Shakespeare, William 165 Shalikashvili, John 39 Sharia Law 62 Shevardnadze, Eduard 14, 20-21, 23,114; and NATO 238n27; and Rose Revolution 100-101,103 ship repair and shipyard 95,176 Silicon Valley
170 Simferopol 46-48,193-196 Simonyan, Margarita 108-109, 111, 230 Škripal, Sergei 224 Index Slavyansk (Donbass) 198-200 sloppiness 119 Slovakia 75 Slovenia 75 small business 34 Smirnov, Igor 96-99 smuggling 62, 207 soap operas 214 Sochi 67, 69; Olympics in 82,126 social media 105,112,140-141; in Russia 186-188; in Ukraine 192; in U.S. 217-219,231 socialism 5-7,54 Somalia 205 South Africa 9 South Ossetia 15,18-20,23,115; and CFE 124; and EU 173; and Five Day War 131-132; and Kosovo 126; and OSCE 172; and WTO 182 South Stream 83, 88,142 Soviet invasion of Hungary 83,84 Soviet Union 5-7,8-9,15,45,98; and CFE 123; and EBRD 33-34; establishment of 19; fall of 268nl2; and Finland 82; Foreign Ministry of 157-159; and Georgia 100; and Iran 93; and Middle East 89-91, 94; and NATO 13-14; and Nicaragua 144; resurrection of 181; and shipyards 176; and TASS 111; and Turkey 86 Spain 125-126, 206; and NATO expansion 129 spam 122 Spanish language 108-109,111-11; and Russian diplomats 26Խ23 Special Forces 195-196 Spectrum 230 spheres of influence 238nl4 Sputnik news organization 111-112, 230-231; and U.S. elections 218219 spy and spying 74, 220; and Cheeseburger Summit 169-170; in Georgia 116-117 Stalin, Joseph 33, 82,194 STARTI 37,72-73 STARTU 37, 72-73; see also New Start Treaty statues 83,122-123,193 status quo ante bellum 133,135 Stepanakert (Nagorno-Karabakh) 24-25,153 Stinger missiles 212 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) 72-73 Strelkov, Igor 198-200 strikes 24 Sturgess, Dawn 224 suitcases 207 Sukhoi 118-119 Sukhumi (Abkhazia) 20, 21, 23 Sumgait (Azerbaijan) 24
superficiality 163 Supreme Court of Ukraine 103 surface-to-air missiles 196,212; see also S-300 Sweden 14,81-82,167; and North Stream 82 Switzerland 14, 82,167,173,206; and WTO Syria 91, 94-95,118; and reset 189; and Russia 166,181,183-185,211217 Syrian-Russian Permanent Com mission on Economic Coop eration 94 Tagliavini, Heidi 173 Tajikistan 108,181 Talbott, Strobe 42,243n48 Taliban 62, 65, 67, 69,166,177,179 tankers 148 tanks 124,136,195,209 tariffs 176,182 Tartus naval base (Syria) 91, 95 TASS 111 Tatars 194,196 Tbilisi 99-100,115,135; protests in 173 television 64, 67; in Crimea 196; in English 163; and Georgia 99100; and Kyrgyzstan 179; and Libya 183; in Russia 185-186,213, 224-225; and Syria 185,214; and Tskhinvali 140,143; in Ukraine 101,192,197; in U.S. 108-109,112, 230-231; see also media temper tantrum 131 Tenet, George 78 tents 102,186,192 Ter-Petrosyan, Levon 25-27 Terek River 18, 62-64,69 territorial integrity 141-142,175 terrorists 13,51, 63,86,215 theocracy 93,147 Third Army (Turkish) 108,150 Tiananmen Square (China) 118 Tillerson, Rex 212,233 Time 121 time zone 47 tolerance 93 torture 20-21 tourism 85, 89, 91 TOW anti-tank missiles 212 trade 145,176,209; of Armenia 150,152 Transnistria 12,16-18,48,96-99; and CFE 124; and Duma 128; and Kosovo 125-126; and Ukraine 210 Treaty of European Union 34 tribalization 52 Tripoli 183 “troll” farm 217, 231 troops, Ukrainian 47 Trump, Donald 204; and Putin 170,214,226,233-235; and Syria 213-214, 216; and U.S. elections 218-219 tsars 8, 82,151,157; acquisitions of 18,142,238ИІ4
Index Tskhinvali 19,115, 238nl6; shelling of 132-134,140,143 Tulip Revolution 103-104,177,179 Tunisia 90,183 Turkey 19,42,84-88; and Abkhazia 173; and Armenia 25, 26,27,151-152; and Black Sea 140; and Blue Stream 114; and Chechnya 86,89; and coal 209; and Council of Europe 222; and Five Day War 140,143-144; and Georgia 115; and Kosovo 87,126; pipelines 148,205; and Syria 214217 Twitter 218-219 Tymoshenko, Yulia 113-114,175176 U-turn 53,57 Ukraine 8,43-50,171,190-208, 204-210; and Council of Europe 227; and ethnic Russians 137; and Eurasian Economic Community 182; and Georgia 174; and Kosovo 57,125; and NATO 75, 87,127,165,167,172; and Orange Revolution 101-103,113-114; and pipelines 88; and reset 174-176; and sanctions on Russia 223; and Transnistria 18,125 Ukrainian language 45,208 ultimatums 8,42,55,191,213 underwater cables 207 unilateralism 169 United Arab Emirates 90-91,214 United Nations 13, 51,120-121, 168; and Abkhazia 144,239n37; and English language 163; and European Security proposal 168-169; and Georgia 133,137; and Iran 264n8; and Kosovo 126, 144; and Russian diplomats 164; and South Ossetia 144 United Nations Comptroller 172 United Nations High Commis sioner to Georgia 172-173 United Nations Human Rights Commission 10,66, 68,70 United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) 23,145146,172 United Nations Secretary General 192 United Russia 185-186 United States 121-122; and Armenia 150-151; and Azerbaijan 147,149; and Chechnya 62,67, 69; and coal 209; and Council of Europe 222; and EU 34-35, 37,254и19; and Finland 82; fragility of 218; and Georgia 115-117;
and Hun gary 83-84; and Iran 93-94; and Iraq 91; and reset 165-171; re sponse to the Five Day War 140146; and Russian diplomats 164; and Salisbury incident 224; and Sarkozy mission 135-139; and Syria 211-217; and Turkey 84-87; and unilateralism 121-123 United States Congress 37, 62, 66, 188,232-233 United States Department of State 158,161,165,263n26 United States embassies 106,120, 239n35, 25ІИІ4 United States Foreign Service 163164, 263ПІ4 United States Senate 71, 72,192, 233 United States Senate Committee on Intelligence 220,231, 276n4 United States Treasury 40,119, 234 Upper Kodori Gorge 116,141,174 USAID 101,106,188 Ushakov, Yuri 120,162 Uzbekistan 108,177-179 Vaino, Anton E. 220 vegetables 206, 207, 223; from Azerbaijan 148,149 Venezuela 118,144,163 veto 98 victor’s peace 138 Victory in Europe (V-E) parade 31, 41,122,123 videos 213,215 Vietnam 6, 64, 69-70,205; and Eurasian Economic Union 183; Russian withdrawal 9,97 Villa, Pancho 121 violence 104 visas 117,188; and Armenia 150 Voice of Russia 111 Volkogonov, Dmitry 15 Voloshin, Alexander 79 volunteers 16, 21,194 Vorodin, Vladimir 96-99 Vostok battalion 134 Vostok 2010 176 voter fraud 102-103,186 votes 274n6 voting infrastructure 219-220 Wall Street Journal 110 war games 124 war lords 29-31, 61-63 warnings 115,117,125,131; from South Ossetia 122 warplanes 29, 99; and Five Day War 131; and Syria 184; and Ukraine 197 Warsaw Pact 13-14, 37-38,108; and CFE124; and NATO 83 warships 86,205-206,250n29 weapons 29, 97,118; of Georgia Beyerisehe Staatsbibliothek Ulinrhan 289 115-116; of mass destruction 7677 weather 71 web
cameras 186-187 West Qurna oil fields (Iraq) 77 wheat 157,174, 206; and Syria 214215 White Revolution 185-188 Wikileaks 1-2, 219 Williamson, Gavin 221 Wilson, Andrew 43 wives 160-162 women 18,97,160,162; see also marriages; rapes World Bank 126 World Cup 210,224, 227, 276n38 world power 95,108 World Trade Organization (WTO) 79, 81, 85, 93; and Georgia 130, 182; and Jackson-Vanik Law 188; and Russia 182, 221,223; and Ukraine 113 World War I 127,169 World War II 43, 82,140,169 Yakovlev, Dima 188 Yalta 78,233 Yanukovych, Viktor 113-114,176, 178,206-207; and Eastern Ukraine 197; and elections 101-102, 253n40; and EU 190-194; fall of 268ИІ2 Yeltsin, Boris 7-8,36; and Abkhazia 21; and Baltic Republics 11; and Chechnya 28,30-32, 64-65,106; and CIS 181; and Crimea 47-48; and Foreign Ministry 159-160; and G7 40,42,225; and Japan 11-12; and Kosovo 53-55; and Nagorno-Karabakh 25-27; and nationalities 15; and NATO 14; and NATO expansion 38-39; and nuclear weapons 72; and pipelines 148; and Serbia 7; and television 108; and Ukraine 4345,49 Yerevan 150,153 You-Tube 109, 218 youths 187 Yugoslavia 7,13,38,51; collapse of 125; as deterrent 21,23; and OSCE 106 Yushchenko, Viktor 102-103,113114, 253«40; and NATO 175 Zapad battalion 134 Zapad 2017 225 Zayed, Abdullah bin 215 Zelensky, Volodymyr 210,228 zero-sum game 229
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments vi Preface 1 Part I. The Age of Illusions 1. The Collapse of an Empire 5 2. Turmoil and War in the “Near Abroad” 15 3. The West and the First Chechnya War 28 4. The New Architecture for Relations with the West 33 5. Ukraine: Deceptive Calm 43 6. The Turning Point: Kosovo 51 Part II. From Acquiescence to Resistance 7. The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism 61 8. Bridges to the West 69 9. Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq 76 10. Seeking Friendships 81 11. Russia in the Middle East 89 12. The West on the Offensive 96 13. Response to the Color Revolutions 105 14. Skirmishes with the West 113 15. Countdown to Collision 120 16. The Five Day War with Georgia 128 17. The Response of the West to the War 140 18. Friends in the Caucasus 147 Part III. Russia Ascendant 19. A Foreign Ministry for a World Power 157 20. The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia 165 21. The Reset in the Near Abroad 172 vii
viii Table of Contents 22. Growing Divergences with the West 181 23. Crisis in Ukraine 190 24. Reprisals Over Ukraine 204 25. Russia on the Offensive 211 26. The Russian Diplomatic Campaign 221 27. The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations 229 Chapter Notes 237 Annotated Bibliography 279 Index 281
Index Abashidze, Aslan 101,115 Abkhazia and Abkhazians 5,1921,115-116,203; and CFE124; and EU 173; and Five Day War 129-135; and Georgia 239n23; and Kosovo 52,126; merchant shipping 173-174; and UNOMIG 172; and WTO 182 Abu Dhabi 90-91 Adjara 101,115,135,144; and Armenia 151; and Russia 86, 99 adoptions 188 aerial surveillance 71-72,195, 232 Aeroflot 231 Afghanistan 62,65, 67, 69; and Britain 238nl4; and Russia 108, 165-166,168; Soviet invasion of 32,158,199,213; and U.S. 9,104, 177,179,212 Africa 9,110,125 Afrin (Syria) 215 Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation 35 agriculture 16,157,206,223 Ahtisaari, Marttı 55 airspace 215 airborne forces 130-131,134 aircraft carriers 108,229; see also Mistral airlines 94 airports 28, 56-57,135; in Armenia 150-151; in Crimea 193,195; of Moscow 144; in Ukraine 201 Akayev, Askar 103-104 Akhalgori (South Ossetia) 137 Akhalkalaki (Georgia) 117 Akhmetov, Rinat 199,208 Al-Qaeda 69,71 Alawite 213 Albania 51 Albright, Madelaine 53, 64 alcoholism 158 Aleppo 211,213,217 Alexander I 79 Algeria 90,118 algorithm 231 Aliyev, Heidar 26,147,148,153-154 Aliyev, Ilham 147,149 American University 231 anarchists 187 Andijon 177-178 Andorra 46 Andover 71 Angola 9 anthem, national 45, 99,252nl9 anthropologists 132 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 72-73, 118 anti-Communism 10 anti-Semitic 210 Antonov, Anatoly 221 apartments 161,162 apology 83 appeasement 99,199 Arab League 214 Arab Spring 183-185 Arabic language 108,111-112,163 Arabs 214 archives 20-21 Ardzinba, Vladislav 20-21, 23 Armenia 18-19,23-27; and CSTO 108; and Eurasian Economic Union 182; and pipeline
148; and railroads 131,135,137; and Russia 149-153 arms sales 90-91, 93,108; and Georgia 130; of Russia 118,161 arrogance 57; of European officials 34,36, 85-86,190-191; of U.S. officials 55, 78, 84, 86 arsenals 29,199,207 artillery 63,116,124; and Georgia 130,132,136,149; in Syria 215217; in Ukraine 195,199,201, 208 Aspin, Les 39 al-Assad, Bashar 94,183-185, 211-217 al-Assad, Hafez 94 assassinations 61 Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions 229-230,234 Association Agreement 190-192, 207,27ІП20 ataman 194 Atatürk, Kemal 86 atheism 6 August 1991 coup attempt 7,8-9, 188 Australia 206 Austria 88,125; neutrality of 14, 8182,167; and South Stream 142 autonomy 23,197 281 Azerbaijan 18-19,23-27; and Georgia 116,256n20; and Russia 147-149,151; and Turkey 153-154 Bahrain 214 bait and switch 166,184 Baker, James 14, 73 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek 104,179 Baku 18,24,147-148 Baltic Republics 5,8,38,40,122; and G7 226; and NATO 70,75 banana republics 84,144, 275и8 bands 108 Bank of New York 119 banks 122,205 Basayev, Shamil 61-63 bases 95,103,179; of Russia 184, 252n32; of U.S. 177, 264n6 Batumi 18,115,117,144,174 BBC 108,230,277n20 Belarus 43,44,48,105; and Eurasian Economic Union 181183; and Zapad 2017 225 Belbek (Crimea) 195-196 Belgium 197,206 Benghazi 183 Berkut 192-195 Berlusconi, Silvio 74-75, 77, 87, 93,125; and Georgia 130-131; and response to Five Day War 146; and Ukraine 175 Bible 123 Biden, Joe 168-169,233-235; and Libya 183-184 billionaires 217, 234; see also oligarchs Bishkek 103-104,179 Black Sea 84,86-87; and NATO 128-129,140,143-144,178, 250n29; and pipelines 205 Black Sea
Fleet 44-46,49,174 blackmail 124,130,203,208,222 Blair, Tony 73,77 blockade 30, 62,117,123; on Abkhazia 128; on Crimea 204; on Eastern Ukraine 208-209 Blue Stream 88,114,152; 175 Bolivia 240n44 Bolotnaya Square (Moscow) 186187 Bolsheviks 18-19,159
282 bombing 53-54, 63, 66; of Georgia 136; of Iraq 80; in Libya 183; of Serbia 141; in Syria 213, 215; in Ukraine 199-200 Border Monitoring Operation (OSCE) 107 Bordyusha, Nikolay 108 Bosporus 128,148 Botlikh 63 “bots” 123 brandy 150 Brasilia Treaty 238n2 bread 27,47,214 Brexit 224, 226 bribery 79 bridges 208 Britain 18, 64, 71-72,106; and European Security proposal 169; and Iraq invasion 77; response to Five Day War 140; and Salisbury incident 224; and Syria 215 British Council 106 Bronze Soldier Statue 122-123,140 Bucharest Summit 121,128-129,175 Budapest Memorandum 44, 243u7 budgets 224-225,229 Bulgaria 57,75,81,116,125; and pipelines 88,205 bullying 78; see also ultimatums bunker 274n31 buses 193, 207 Bush, George H.W. 14, 72,73 Bush, George W. 66-69,121,146; and Caucasus 174; and Chechnya 247n33; and Five Day War 175; and Georgia 116,128-130,142; and Iran 94; and Iraq invasion 75-90,211; and missile defense 167; and nuclear weapons 72-73; and sanctions 118; and Sarkozy mission 125-137; and Ukraine 128-129 business 182,188, 206 Cairo 165 Caliphate in the Caucasus 62 cameras 232 Camranh Bay (Vietnam) 9, 69 Canada 209,254n3 capitalism 7 Caribbean 265м27 Carmel Institute of Russian Culture and History 232 Caspian Sea 5, 87,178,147 casus belli 149,153 Catalonia 126 Caucasus 18-27, 62,135; and CFE 124; and U.S. 174,177 Caucasus 2008 132-133 Caucasus 2009 173 CBS 230 ceasefire: in Abkhazia 23; in Chechnya 31-32, 65-66; in Georgia 135; in Moldova 16; in Nagorno-Karabakh 27; in South Ossetia 20,133; in Ukraine 201 Index Central Asia 5, 67, 69,104,166, 177-180; and Eurasian
Economic Union 181 Ceyhan (Turkey) 149 CFE see Conventional Forces in Europe Chaco War 240и44 Chalyi, Alexey 193-194 chambers of commerce 84, 90 Chapman, Anna 170-171,231 Chechnya and Chechens 21; and Central Asia 177,178; and CFE 124; and Council of Europe 36; and EU 35; First Chechnya War 28-32,41,48,63,66; and Five Day War 134; and France 125; and Iran 93; and Iraq invasion 79; and media 24Խ20; and NGOs 106; and OSCE 246n3; Second Chechnya War 61-70, 80,89; and Transnistria 97; and Turkey 86,89 cheese 206,223 Cheeseburger Summit 169-170 chemical weapons 13,211-212 Chernobyl 44 Chernomyrdin, Victor 54-55 children 162-163 China 5-6,10,13,245n37; and arms sales 118; and Eurasian Economic Union 183; and Five Day War 144; and G7 226; and Iraq invasion 78-79; and Kosovo 54; and Russian diplomats 164; in Russian Far East 148; and Syria 185; and Uzbekistan 178; and Vietnam 9-10; and White Revolution 187 Chinese language 163 Chirac, Jacques 78-79 Chisinau 98-99 chlorine gas 215 Chongar Peninsula (Crimea) 193194,196 Christians 21,52,147,149 Churchill, Winston 18 CIA 160,265ռ31 citizens and citizenship 45, 47, 117; Eastern Europe 202-203; protection of 137,141 Clark, Wesley 56-57 Clinton, Bill 58; and Chechnya 31, 106; and Kosovo 53-55, 57; and NATO expansion 38-39,243«36; and Yeltsin 40-41, 64-65, 70,121 Clinton, Hillary 165,169,179; and U.S. election 109, 217, 229,233; and White Revolution 187 CNN 52, 54,56,230, 275u20 coal 197,208-209 “coalition of the willing” 77 Coast Guard 174 coat of arms 45 Cohen, Stephen 233 coke plant 208 Cold War 6,13-14,33,37,39; and Black Sea 140; and
Iran 93; and Iraq 77; nostalgia for 224; relics of 188; revival of 205; and Turkey 84,86-88; and use of force 120 Cold Warriors 53,66,71,167-168, 232; and Georgia 174; and NATO 70,73-75 Collective Security Treaty Organization see CSTO Color Revolutions 105-108,178, 185-186 Comey, Jim 229 Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe 222,227 Committees of Soldiers’ Mothers 141 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 43-45,181 Communism 5-7, 4,1875; in Russian Foreign Ministry 9 Communist Party of Georgia 100 Communist Party of the Russian Federation 32, 36 Communist Party of the Soviet Union 6, 24186; and Chechnya 28; and Foreign Ministry 158159,161 compensations 43,82 computers 122-123 condominium status 46-47 Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe see CSCE conscripts 200,224; in Crimea 46, 196; in Russia 141,187 Conservative Party (Britain) 275n20 “consociational” 197, 252nl4 Constitutional Court of Russia 222, 274n6 constitutions: of Crimea 46-48, 196; of Moldova 97 consulates (Russian) 9,160,162, 164, 207 consumerism 158 contacts 170 containment 13, 70 Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE) 13-14, 87, 96; repeal of 123-125,221,225 coronavirus 217,234 corruption 29-30; in Georgia 100; in Kyrgyzstan 103,179; in Soviet Foreign Ministry 158-159; in Ukraine 207,210 Cossacks 194 Council of Europe 35-37,38; and Chechnya 65-66,106; and Crimea 205; and Five Day War 143,145; and Russia 221-222, 226-228 counterintelligence 158,160,170 coup attempt 173 crime 13, 61-62, 64, 91 Crimea 80, 95,102; currency of 202; and Russia 174; and Syria
Index 214-215; and Transnistria 99; unification with Russia 193-197, 221; U.S. reprisals 111, 204-206, 217,274n34 Crimean War of 1854-1856 140, 250n29 CSCE (Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe) 13, 26, 36-38,168 CSTO (Collective Security Treaty Organization) 107-108,168,176; and Armenia 149,152,154; and Uzbekistan 178 Cuba 6,15, 69-70, 97,163; and U.S. 118,204; and Yeltsin 7,10 cultural genocide 19,21 currency 202,208 Customs Union 182-183 Customs Union Treaty of 1995 181 cyberwar 140-141 Cyprus 88,139,223 Czech Republic 39,42,116; and European Security proposal 169; and missile defense 118,119,167 Czechoslovakia 10,13 Dagestan 62 dam 207 Daraa (Syria) 184 Debaltsevo (Donetsk) 201 deception 166 defense industry 114,157 demilitarized zone 215 Democratic National Committee (DNC) 219, 229,274n44 demonstrators 102-104,173,179, 268и29; in Ukraine 192-193 Department of New Threats and Challenges 160 despot 191 diamonds 91 Diensthier, Jiri 13 digital 206,232 Dima Yakovlev Act 188-189 diplomacy 30,78,132; classical 138; Russian 128 Diplomatic Academy 161-162 diplomats 76,79-80,107; Russian 90, 98,109-110,125,218; U.S. 83-85,105,132,133,163,169,170 Distributed Denial of Service attacks 122 Djibouti 205 Dnieper River 48, 207 Dr. Strangelove 56 dollar zone 119 Donbass 197,200,208-209; see also Eastern Ukraine Donetsk 102,113-114,197-203,208 double standards 66, 71,107,141, 143; see also morality drones 133 drugs 108 drunkenness 55,121 Dudayev, Dzhokhar 28-32, 61 Duma 69,72,80,105; and Abkhazia 128,142; and Council of Europe 205,221-222, 227; and Crimea 210; and Kosovo
126; and South Ossetia 142 “Dutch Disease” 148 Eastern Europe 36, 39,70, 97; cur rency of 202; and EU 34; and European Security proposal 169; languages of 163; and Mafia 275ИІ9; and NATO expansion 13, 129, 243n36; and Soviet Union 6,10 Eastern Ukraine 50,102,113-114, 193; passports for 227; revolt of 197-202 EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Develop ment) 33-35; and Parliamentary Assembly 36; sanctions on Russia 204; and Soviet Union 241и7 economic crisis of August 1998 67 economy 49, 61,76, 85; of Armenia 150; of Eastern Ukraine 202; of Georgia 100,117,137; of Kyrgyzstan 103; of Russia 118,157, 160,183; of Ukraine 49-50,114, 174-176,207 Ecuador 238n2 Egypt 9,89-90, 94,183; and Mistral 206; and Syria 214 elections 32,41-42, 65,70,107; in Chechnya 61,246n3; in Crimea 46-47; in Finland 83; in Georgia 100; in Kyrgyzstan 103-104; in Russia 186-187; in Ukraine 48-49,102-103,113-114, 210; in U.S. 37,217-219,229-230 electricity 16,27,48; in Crimea 207; in Ukraine 208-209 embassies 9, 54, 74,96,122; in Abkhazia 120; in Kyrgyzstan 102ЮЗ; of Russia 158-164,207,220; see also United States embassies Emmy awards 109 energy sector 150 engineers 162 English language 108,111-112; in Georgia 116; and Russian diplo mats 163-164 enthusiasm 196 envy 98 epidemics 47 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 87,144; and Armenia 151-154; and Putin 250n26; and Syria 215-217 Ergneti market 115 Estonia 70,83,122-123,140 ethnic cleansing 19,24,52,54; in Kyrgyzstan 179-180 ethnic groups 103-104 EU (European Union) 13,34-36, 168,254nl9; and Association Agreement 190-192; and Azer baijan 149; and Chechnya
65-66; and Council of Europe 222; and 283 Eurasian Economic Union 181183; and Five Day War 135-139; and Georgia 172-173; and Hungary 83-84; reprisals on Russia 204-206,210, 223-224; and response to Five Day war 142-143,144-146,173; and Russia 74-75,78; and Transnistria 99; and Turkey 84-86; and Ukraine 101,113,172,175,271n20; and use of force 120; and Uzbekistan 178; see also Partnership and Cooperation Agreement Euphrates River 215 Eurasian Economic Community 181-182 Eurasian Economic Union 152,176, 181-183; and Azerbaijan 149 Euro zone 119 Eurocentrism 34, 86 Europe 81 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development see EBRD European Community (EC) 13 European Court of Human Rights 36,37, 221-222, 227-228 European Security Treaty draft 167-169 European Union see EU extremism 107 Exxon-Mobil 233 Facebook 218-219,231 “failed state” 29 fait accompli 132 Farsi language 163 fatigue 66,138,173 FBI 160,170,229,231; and spies 265n31 Federal Register 119 Federal Security Service (FSB) 27, 63,105-106,160; and Abkhazia 174; and Armenia 149; and Crimea 208,210; and Kyrgyzstan 179 Federal Service for MilitaryTechnical Cooperation 161 federalism 98,201 Federation Council 142,195,199 Feodosia (Crimea) 196-197 ferries 195-196 film 232 financial crisis 136,138-139,143, 145; of August 1998174 Finland 10-11,14, 81-83,167; and Council of Europe 227 Finno-Ugrian peoples 83 First Guards Army 225 fishermen 210 Five Day War with Georgia 128139,168; and Armenia 151; and Azerbaijan 149; and Bush administration 175; and CFE124; and Hungary 84; and Lake Valdai 110; and media 109, 111; and Middle
East 91; and NGOs 106;
284 and OSCE 172-173; response of the West 140-146; and Turkey 87 flags 45,135,196 “flank" regime 124 Flynn, Michael 233,277и30 food 151,152,214 Foreign Agents Registration Act 109, 111, 230 Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) 41,76,160, 258îî24 Foreign Ministry (France) 158 Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation 8-9, 96-97,115,157164; and CFE 225; and Council of Europe 221-222; and Eastern Ukraine 197; and Five Day War 143-144; and Georgia 131-132, 135,174; and G7 226; and Libya 183-184; and NATO expansion 129; and neutrality 168; and Ukraine 210; and U.S. elections 219-220 Foreign Ministry of Soviet Union 8-9 Foreign Trade Ministry 158,159, 161 Founding Act 42 Fourteenth Army (Russia) 16-18, 46, 97 Fox network 109 fragility 218 France 41-42, 81,224; and CFE 123; and Council of Europe 227; and European Security proposal 169; and Five Day War 135-140; and G7 226; and Kosovo 125-126; and Libya 184; and Mistral 206; and NATO expansion 129; and Syria 94,118, 211-212, 214; and Ukraine 193; and U.S. invasion of Iraq 76-80 free-market fanatics 187 free trade area 35,79, 81,190; in near abroad 181-183 “Freedom Agenda” 121,130 “freedom” fries 81 French language 109, 111, 163 friends 131 Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership Treaty 49 fruits 206, 207,215,223; from Azerbaijan 148-149 G7 225-226 G8 40, 42, 55, 204,270n3 G20 234 Gaddafi, Muammar 183-184 Gagra (Abkhazia) 20,21 Gali (Georgia) 20, 23,134 Gamzakhurdia, Ziad 19-20,30 gas, natural 83,113,149,157; and Crimea 205; and Ukraine 175176,202, 206-207 Gates, Robert M. 5,121, 275nl8 Gazprom 82, 83; and Ukraine 113114,175, 203,
207 Index General Assembly of United Nations 66,204-205; and Syria 213 General Will 18, 27, 202,240«44 genocide 19-21, 25, 239n23 Georgia 18-23,114-118,125,128139,172-174; and Abkhazia 239n23; and Azerbaijan 256n20; and Chechnya 30, 61-62; and CSTO 108; and EU 207; inde pendence of 25; and Kosovo 52, 87,126; and NATO 75,127,165, 167,172,175,178; and Open Skies Treaty 143,232; and OSCE 107; railway in 27; Rose Revolution 98-103; and Transnistria 96-98; and Turkey 86-87; and WTO 182 Georgian language 19,101 German language 109 Germany 10,14,31,73-74,76-81; and Council of Europe 227; and European Security proposal 169; and Kyrgyzstan 103-104; and NATO expansion 129,131; and North Stream 114; response to Five Day War 140; and Turkey 85; and Ukraine 193 Ghouta (Syria) 215 Girkin, Igor see Strelkov, Igor gold Google 218-219,231 Google-Earth 231 Gorbachev, Mikhail 8, 55,122; and Chechnya 28; and China 6; and Five Day War 141; and Iraq 77; and Japan 12; and nationalities 15,19; and NATO 14, 73, 238n27; and Putin 121; and Soviet Union 268ռ12; and Yeltsin 7 Gore, Al 30, 53 Gori (Georgia) 134 GPlus 109-111 Grachev, Pavel 30 Great Recession 136,139,145-146, 182 Greece 88,121,125,205 Grozny 28,30,32,61 GRU (Russian Military Intelligence) 76,116,258n24, 262nll; and Foreign Ministry 158-159; and hacking 219,274и44; and spies 265n31 Grushko, Alexander 190 Gudauta (Abkhazia) 20 Gudermes (Chechnya) 61 guerrillas 23,32 Gulf War 76 Gumista River 21 gun ownership 231 Gyumri (Armenia) 150 Gyursany, Ferenc 84 hackers 122,140-141,208; and U.S. 217-219 Hamas 91 Hanssen, Robert P. 74 harassment 158
hate groups 106 hegemony 265n27 helicopters 25,56,67,206 Helsinki meeting 170 Hezbollah 91 Hill, William H. 51 Hindi language 163 historians 20, 25,162,163 Hitler, Adolf 86 Hmeymim air base (Syria) 213,216 Hobbes, Thomas 19 Homo sovieticus 187 Homs (Syria) 211 Hoover Institution Archives 2 horse-trading 125,275n20 hostages 271 hotels 109,192 human rights 106,122,125 humanitarian 184,199 Hungary 10,41,57, 83-84, 88, 121; and Council of Europe 227; and EU 275n20; and European Security proposal 169; and NATO 39,41-42; and Syria 214 hunger 13,35; in Abkhazia 128; in Foreign Ministry 9 Hussein, Saddam 30,76-80,184, 211 hysteria 81,83,84,226,230-231, 234 idealism 190 ideology 121-123 Idlib (Syria) 213,214-217 Illinois 219 illusions 57-58,141,128,170 Ilyushin- 76 56,153 “Immediate Response” 132 immigration 148,157 imperial overreach 104,174 imperialism 86 impertinence 126 import substitution 183 independence 28, 32; of Abkhazia 128,137,142; of Armenia 25; of Kosovo 52-53,125-127; of South Ossetia 128,137,142; of Spanish America 15 India 18, 93,118,133, 238ЯІ4; and English language 163-164; and Five Day War 144; and G7 226 India-Pakistan border 133 Indo-European language family 83 industry 16 inflation 160 informants 158,160,179,231 Ingori River (Georgia) 23,142,174 Ingush 239ИІ6 inmates 274 inspections 37, 76,124,212 Instagram 218 Institute of Democracy and Cooperation 111 intelligence 130,158; failures 78,230 Intensified Dialogue (ID) 117 International Atomic Energy Agency 94
Index international law 132-134 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 65,126,176 internationalism 7 internet 112,140-141,193 Internet Research Agency 217-218 INTERPOL 222-223 invasion 83,84, 221 Iran 27,76, 91,93-95,118; and Azerbaijan 147; and Chechnya 89; and hostage crisis 132; and missile defense 167; and Russia 166; sanctions on 119,169-170, 264и8; and Syria 184,214; see also Persia Iraq 72,75-80, 82,121; and Obama 183; and Turkey 85 Iraq-II 184,211 Iraq-Ill 184,211 Iron Curtain 113 Islam and Muslims 6,21,52,149; in Azerbaijan 147; in Foreign Ministry 161; and Iran 93; in Kosovo 126; in Pakistan 166; and Russia 89,93,161,166; and Turkey 84,86; in Uzbekistan 177-178 Islamic extremists and fundamen talists 61-63,65-67,69,71,76, 86, 89; in Libya 184; in Syria 185, 212,216,25ІПІ4 isolation 126 isolationism 7 Israel 88,91,188,215; and Crimea 204; and Syria 273nl2 Istanbul 18,64-65,250n29 Italy 74-75,87-88,125; and Coun cil of Europe 227; and European Security proposal 169; and Libya 184; and pipelines 205; and sanctions on Russia 223; and Ukraine 174 ITAR-TASS see TASS Ivanov, Igor S. 33,52,106; and Georgia 101,115,117; and U.S. elections 219-220 Jackson, Mike 56 Jackson-VanikLaw 188 Jagland, Thorbjørn 226-227 Jalalabad (Kyrgyzstan) 104,179 Japan 11-12,146,164; and Crimea 206 Javelin missile 209 jews 86,91,188; see also Israel jihad 62,216 “Joint Political Declaration on Partnership and Cooperation” 35 Jordan 215 journalists 110,192,225 Kalashnikovs 198 Kaliningrad 11,167,232 Kalugin, Mikhail 220 Karasın, Grigory 128 Karelia 10-11, 82 Karimov, Islam 177-178 Karshi Khanabad
177-179 Kasatonov, Igor 44, 269n42 Kazakhstan 44, 48,108,173; and Eurasian Economic Union 181183 Kazimírov, Vladimir 26 Kerch (Crimea) 195-196 Kerch Bridge 210, 271и28 Kerch Strait incident 227 Ketchum 109-110 KGB 6,158-159, 262nll Khan Seikhoun 216 Kharkov (Ukraine) 197-198,201 Kharkov Agreement 176, 207 Khasavyurt Agreement 32, 66 Khasbulatov, Ruslan 20 Khrushchev, Nikita 6, 65 kidnappings 61-62, 64, 91 King, Larry 109 Kislyak, Sergei 219, 248n21,263nl7 Kocharian, Robert 27 Kodori River 23 Kompromat 97, 220 Korson massacre (Ukraine) 193 Kosovo 51-58,125-127,141; and Five Day War 142,144,145; and Hungary 84; and Syria 181 Kouchner, Bernard 125 Kozak, Dmitry 97-99 Kozak Memorandum 97-99,168, 252ЛІ4 “Kozakll” 99 Kozyrev, Andrei 8-10,31, 35,41, 43 Kravchuk, Leonid 43-45,47 Kremlin list 234 Kuchma, Leonid 44,48-49; and Orange Revolution 101-103 Kurds 184,215-217 Kurile Islands 11-12,206 Kyrgyzstan 103-104,108,166, 177-180; and Eurasian Economic Union 181-183 labor 182-183 Lachin road (Armenia) 25 Lake Valdai International Discus sion Club 110 languages 162-164,165 Latakia (Syria) 95,217 Latin America 6,15,109,110; and Crimea 204-205 Latvia 70, 71 Laughland, John 111 launch codes 44 Lavrov, Sergei 55,58,120,125,126; and Five Day War 135,139,141, 145; and Georgia 107,117; and MGIMO 263ИІ7; and reset 165; and Syria 211,213-214; and U.S. elections 219 leaks of news 110 Lebanon 94 Lebed, Alexander 16,32 285 lectures 93 Lehman Brothers 138-139,145 Lenin, Vladimir 191 Lesin, Mikhail 106 libraries 20-21 Libya 90,182-183,211 “line of contact” 26 Lisbon protocol 44 literature 163
Lithuania 11,227 loans 9,34,65,94,191 Lourdes (Cuba) 69 luck 176,178 Lugansk 102,200-203,208 Lukhoil 77 lying and liar 53,139 Machiavelli, Niccolò 28 machine guns 208 Macron, Emmanuel 226-227 Mafia 91,275nl9 Magnitsky Act 188-189 Maidan Square (Kiev) 102,192-193, 209 Malaya 64 Malaysian Airlines 200 Manafort, Paul 113 Manas air base 103,166, 264n6 Manbij (Syria) 216-217 MAP see Membership Action Plan Marines Mariupol (Ukraine) 199, 200, 210 marriages 19 Marxism 76,79,85 Maskhadov, Aslan 61-62 massacres 193,199 Matta Hari 170 May, Theresa 224, 275n20 mayors 193-194 McFaul, Michael 170, 264nl0, 265n27 media 21,108-112; and Chechnya 28, 32, 64, 67-69,24Խ20; and Libya 183; and spies 170; and Syria 185; and Ukraine 191; Western 219 Medvedev, Dmitry 165-171,185; and demonstrators 268n29; and Five Day War 135-138,142,144; and Libya 183-184; and sanctions 234 Membership Action Plan (MAP) 87,117,128-130,175 mercenaries 30 merchant ships 86,173 Merkel, Angela 129,131,175; and Ukraine 191 Meshkov, Yuri 46-49,195,269n42 MGIMO (Moscow State Institute of Foreign Relations) 111, 160-163, 263ПІ7 middle class 187 Middle East 1,6,76, 89-95,123, 183-185; see also Syria MIG 195 Migranyan, Andranick 111
286 military 157,159-160; and Islam 161; of Ukraine 195-201; see also GRU military districts 43-44 military maneuvers 99,108,132133,173,225 military police 217 militias 63; in Abkhazia 20-21,145; in Armenia 25,26; in Crimea 193-196; in South Ossetia 19-20 military attaché 55 military districts 97 military solution 66, 68 Miloševič, Slobodan 51-55 Ministry of Interior 62-63 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) 160 Minsk I accords 201 Minsk II accords 201 Minsk conference 26-27 missile defense 166-167,169 Mistral 206 Mitchell, Lincoln A. 105 Moldova 5,15-18, 96-99,173; and EU 207; and neutrality 167 Molotovcocktails 20 monarchies 183 Montreux Convention 86,140 morality 51, 52,199-200; see also double standards Morocco 90 mortars 195 Moscow 158,160,161-162,164; construction in 85; protests in 186-187; trip to 165,183 Moscow State Institute of Inter national Relations see MGIMO Moscow Times 208 motorcycle clubs 194 Mubarak, Hosni 89-91,183 Mueller report 233-234 Munich Speech 119-122,128-129, 169 museums 20 Myers, Steven Lee 96 Nabucco pipeline 83,88,149 Nagorno-Karabakh 24-27, 38, 149-154; and pipeline 148 Napoleon 79 Narabayev, Nursultan 181 Narochnitskaya, Natalia 111 National Liberation Movements 6 National Rifle Association 231 nationalists 16,45,49,52,186,188; Russian 140-142,187-188,221222; Ukrainian 192-194,207-210 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 12-14, 37,145, 190; and Azerbaijan 147-149; and Black Sea 86,140, 250«29; and candidate states 78; and Caucasus 18; and CFE124; and Crimea 225; and CSTO 108; and European Security proposal 168169; expansion of 21,
38-42, 66, Index 238n27; and Finland 81-83; and Georgia 117-118,128-132,165, 167,178; and Hungary 83-84; and Kosovo 51-58,72; and missile defense 118; response to Five Day War 140-143,145; and Russia 7375,79,204,224-225; and Soviet Union 77; and Transnistria 9697; and Turkey 84-87; and Ukraine 113,128-131,175; and use of force 120; and Uzbekistan 178 NATO-Russia Council 81,107, 121,142,145; creation of 74-75; suspended 204,225 Nazis 70,82,122; invasion of Russia 133,140; neo-Nazis 210 “Near Abroad” 1,9,36,157; and bases 252n32; and free trade area 181-183; and NGOs 105; and Obama administration 171-180, 265n27 nepotism 158-159 Netherlands 106 neutralization 14, 82, 83,167-168; of Ukraine 176 New Caledonia 32 New START Treaty 165,167-169; see also START New York Times 225 newspapers 123 NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) 64, 98,122,126; in Georgia 100; in Kyrgyzstan 103-104; in Russia 105-106, HO MI, 185-186,188; and spying 106; in Ukraine 101,190,192 Nicaragua 144,163 9/11 attacks 63, 67, 69-72, 77, 85; and Russia 165 no-fly-zone 183,185, 211 Nobel Peace Prize 8 nomenklatura 28 non-aggression pact 131 non-use-of-force pledge 131 Noriega, Manuel I2I North Crimea Canal 48,207 North Korea 93,118,167 North Ossetia 238wl6 North Stream 82,114,175 Northern Alliance 69 Norway 81 nuclear reactors 93,143 nuclear umbrella 108 nuclear weapons 13, 35, 37,44, 54, 57,72-73,108; and Iran 94,119, 155,169-170; see also START Obama, Barack 264и8; and reprisals over Crimea 111, 204-206; and reset 165-171; and Syria 211-212 Obamamania 165 observation posts 215,217 Ochamchira (Abkhazia) 20
Odessa 17,44,209 Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights 106 old people 21,187 oligarchs 58,191,199,205 Olympics see Sochi 102nd base (Armenia) 150 125 mm tank shells 97 “one inch to the east” 14,185 Open Skies Treaty 71-72,232-233; and Five Day War 143 Orange Revolution (Ukraine) 101ЮЗ, 113-114,176,182 Organization for Economic Coop eration and Development 85, 204,221,223 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe see OSCE orphans 188 Ortega, Daniel 144 Orthodox Church 6 OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) 3738,71,167; and Armenia 27; and Baltic Republics 70; in Chechnya 31-32; and Crimea 48-49; and English language 163; and Five Day War 145-146; and Georgia 128-139,172; and Kosovo 126; in Kyrgyzstan 103; and NGOs 106 and Russia 106-107; and Transnistria 18, 96-99 OSCE Assistance Group in Chechnya 31,64,66-68 Osh (Kyrgyzstan) 104,179 Ossetia 5 Pakistan 133,166 paper industry 82 paper tiger 127,134 parade 115; see also Victory in Europe “parade of sovereignties” 28; see also independence Paraguay 240ռ44 Paris 111 parliament (Crimea) 46-49,194195 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) 33, 35-36, 65-66; and Crimea 205; and Five Day War 143; and Russia 221-222,226-227,235 parties, political 57,73 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement 35,81,138,204; revision of142-143,145,223,227 “Partnership for Peace” 39-41 passports 47,129,137,141; in Ukraine 174,207,227 payments 222,227 peacekeepers; in Abkhazia 21,23, 130-131,239ft35; in Georgia 136; in South Ossetia 131,133-134,141; in Yugoslavia 56 Pearl Harbor attack 78
pensions 203,270я74 Pentagon 39, 56, 62,67; and Open
Index Skies Treaty 232; and Syria 212214 People’s Republics 201-203 Perekop Isthmus (Crimea) 193194,196 Permanent Joint Council 42,73-75 Permanent Normal Trade Partner (PNTP) 188 Permanent Partnership Council 35 Perry, William 39 Persia 18-19; see also Iran “Person of the Year” 121 Peru 238n2 Peskov, Dmitry 162, 219 Peter the Great 18 petroleum 29-30,85,202,206; and Azerbaijan 147-148; and Crimea 205; in Iraq 77,80 Ph.D.s 162 pipelines 5,27,114,135,175; and Turkey 148,149 pirates 203 plebiscites 142 pogrom 193 poisoning 102,226 poker game 144 Poland 10,38-39,42; and Euro pean Security proposal 169; and Five Day War 145; and missile defense 118,119,167; and Ukraine 193 police: in Chechnya 28,29,62-63; in Crimea 47-48,194-196; and CSTO108; in Estonia 122; in Kyrgyzstan 104; in Moscow 186-187; in Ukraine 192-193, 197-198; in Yugoslavia 51; see also INTERPOL Policy Planning Staff 73 Polikovskaya, Anna 125 Politburo 158-159,186 polling places 218 polls 195,196 population 157 Poroshenko, Petro 199-202,209210 posters 214 Poteyev, Alexandr 265л31 Poti 174,150-151 Powell, Colin 66, 78,115-116,136 Prague Summit 74-75 presidential commission on U.S.Russia relations 167 press briefings 110 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 217 Primakov, Yevgeny 41-42,53,54, 57,162; and Hungary 84; and Iraq invasion 79; and Middle East 90 Pristina (Kosovo) 55-57 profits 119,191 Prokopchuk, Alexander 222 proprietary information 119 prostitution 91 protectionism 183,206, 223 protectorates 142 pseudonym 119 public opinion 199-201 public relations 109-110,112 Puerto Rico 15 pundits 133 puppets 37,112 purges 9 Putin,
Vladimir 105,119, 268я29; and Armenia 151-154; and arms sales 161; and Azerbaijan 147; and Chechnya 65, 67; and China 6, 10; and CIS 181; and Crimea 194196, 204; and Donald Trump 229, 233-235; and Eastern Ukraine 199,201-203; and Egypt 89-90; and Finland 82-83; and G7 225226,270n3; and Georgia 100-101, 114-118,144,146; and Iran 93-94; and Iraq invasion 77-80; and Kosovo 54, 58; and Lake Valdai 110; and Libya 183; and media 108-111; and Middle East 90-91; and Munich Speech 120-121,123; and NATO 73-75,128-129; and NGOs 105; and nuclear weapons 73-73; and OSCE 107; and reset 165,168-170; and sanctions 118; and Syria 211-217; and Transnistria 96-99; and Turkey 87, 250и26; and Ukraine 101-102, 191,210; and U.S. elections 220, 230; and West 69-70; and White Revolution 185-188 Qaddafi, Muammar 90, 94-95 Qatar 212 quid pro quo 30,62,67,71,188 quixotic 199, 231 radio 111, 230 railroads 18,93; in Abkhazia 20; and Armenia 150-152; and Azer baijan 149,150; and Crimea 27ІЛ28; in Georgia 27,131,149; in Ukraine 201,207,208 railway battalion 131,208 Ramadan 214 rankings 109,230 rapes 20,25,179 rations 27 real estate 170 Realpolitik 130 red hair 170,231 “red lines” 42,127,165,167,172, 175-176; and Iraq 77; in Syria 211 referendum 32,46,198; in Britain 226; in Crimea 195-196, 205 refugees 238nl6; in Abkhazia 20, 23; in Armenia 150; in Syria 217; in Ukraine 200; in Yugoslavia 51-52 regime change 105,126; in Libya 184; in Russia 182 Reintegration of the Donbass Law 209-210 remittances 104,117,174 287 rent 166,177-178; on bases 103, 205-207, 264n6 Report of the Independent FactFinding Mission
on the Conflict with Georgia 132-134,173 Republican National Convention 219 Republican Party 243n36 reset in relations with Russia 165182,185 restaurants 100-101 retirement 164 RIA Novosti 109-111 rice 207 Rice, Condoleezza 116,129,131,135 Rice, Susan 205 riots 179 rocket launchers 25,116,132-133; and Crimea 195,196 Roki tunnel (Russia) 132-133 Roman Empire 52 Rome 74-75 Rose Revolution (Georgia) 98-103, 114 Rosneft 205 Rosoboronexport 118-119,169 Rossiya Segodnya 111 Rostov-on-the-Don 209 round wood 82 Rousseau, Jean Jacques 27,240n44 Roxburgh, Angus 113 RT (Russia Today) 91,108-109,112, 230; and U.S. elections 218-219 ruble 47,208 Rumania 57, 75,169 Russia Today television see RT Russian Chamber of Trade and Industry 84 Russian Civil War 18-19 Russian General Staff 131,133,135 Russian language 43,45, 96,102, 111, 165; in Azerbaijan 148; in Baltic Republics 222; in Bucha rest Summit 129; in Georgia 116; schools 162; in Ukraine 193,195197, 201, 208; in U.S. 231 Russian navy 95 Russian Railways 152 Russian Revolution 18, 82 Russian troops: in Chechnya 29,61; in Eastern Europe 10, 14; in Poland 10; in Transnistria 17-18, 96-99; in Yugoslavia 5657 Russians, ethnic 5,16, 28,40, 70, 97; in Baltic Republics 122; in Ukraine 174,193-194; in U.S. 109,231 Russo-Finnish War 82 Russo-Tunisian Business Council 90 Ruxit 226-227 Ryabov, Andrey 121 S-300 170,264«8 Saab 71
288 Saakashvili, Mikheil “Misha” 100101,114-118; and Azerbaijan 148; and coup attempt 173; and Five Day War 130-136,142; and Ukraine 209-210 Sadat, Anwar 94 Safanov, Aleksandr 119 Saimaa Canal (Russia) 82 St. Petersburg 10-11,70,106; and CFE124 Sakharov Avenue (Moscow) 186 Sakwa, Richard 190 Salisbury incident (Britain) 224, 226 San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 11 sanctions: on Abkhazia 128; over Crimea 217,233-234; and Eurasian Economic Union 183; on Georgia 117; on Iran 93-94, 119,166; on Russia 118-119,142, 145-146, 204-206; on Syria 9495,185; on Uzbekistan 178 Sanders, Bernie 219 Sarkozy, Nicolas 125; and Five Day War 132-139,173; and Syria 212 satellites 77-78,166 Saudi Arabia 93, 94, 252nl9; and Chechnya 89; and Syria 212 Sawka, Richard 190 schools 45,90,162-163; of em bassies 263n21; in Ukraine 208 Schröder, Gerhard 73, 78-79 Sea of Azov 21 2nd Brigade (Georgia) 134 secular 85-86,147 Security Council (Russia) 194,199 Security Council (U.N.) 13,37, 119,169; and Abkhazia 23; and Georgia 116,146,172; and Iran 119,166; and Iraq invasion 77-78; and Kosovo 55,126; and Libya 183-184; and Syria 95,185, 212; and White Revolution 187 Seleznyov, Gennady 80 Senāki (Georgia) 134 separatists 46-49 Serbia 7,51-56, 66,72,125-127; bombing of 141,245n9; and Georgia 173 Sevastopol 45, 95,102,193-196; naval base 176,207; and Syria 215 Seven Sisters 158,160 sex trade and practices 91,158 Shakespeare, William 165 Shalikashvili, John 39 Sharia Law 62 Shevardnadze, Eduard 14, 20-21, 23,114; and NATO 238n27; and Rose Revolution 100-101,103 ship repair and shipyard 95,176 Silicon Valley
170 Simferopol 46-48,193-196 Simonyan, Margarita 108-109, 111, 230 Škripal, Sergei 224 Index Slavyansk (Donbass) 198-200 sloppiness 119 Slovakia 75 Slovenia 75 small business 34 Smirnov, Igor 96-99 smuggling 62, 207 soap operas 214 Sochi 67, 69; Olympics in 82,126 social media 105,112,140-141; in Russia 186-188; in Ukraine 192; in U.S. 217-219,231 socialism 5-7,54 Somalia 205 South Africa 9 South Ossetia 15,18-20,23,115; and CFE 124; and EU 173; and Five Day War 131-132; and Kosovo 126; and OSCE 172; and WTO 182 South Stream 83, 88,142 Soviet invasion of Hungary 83,84 Soviet Union 5-7,8-9,15,45,98; and CFE 123; and EBRD 33-34; establishment of 19; fall of 268nl2; and Finland 82; Foreign Ministry of 157-159; and Georgia 100; and Iran 93; and Middle East 89-91, 94; and NATO 13-14; and Nicaragua 144; resurrection of 181; and shipyards 176; and TASS 111; and Turkey 86 Spain 125-126, 206; and NATO expansion 129 spam 122 Spanish language 108-109,111-11; and Russian diplomats 26Խ23 Special Forces 195-196 Spectrum 230 spheres of influence 238nl4 Sputnik news organization 111-112, 230-231; and U.S. elections 218219 spy and spying 74, 220; and Cheeseburger Summit 169-170; in Georgia 116-117 Stalin, Joseph 33, 82,194 STARTI 37,72-73 STARTU 37, 72-73; see also New Start Treaty statues 83,122-123,193 status quo ante bellum 133,135 Stepanakert (Nagorno-Karabakh) 24-25,153 Stinger missiles 212 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) 72-73 Strelkov, Igor 198-200 strikes 24 Sturgess, Dawn 224 suitcases 207 Sukhoi 118-119 Sukhumi (Abkhazia) 20, 21, 23 Sumgait (Azerbaijan) 24
superficiality 163 Supreme Court of Ukraine 103 surface-to-air missiles 196,212; see also S-300 Sweden 14,81-82,167; and North Stream 82 Switzerland 14, 82,167,173,206; and WTO Syria 91, 94-95,118; and reset 189; and Russia 166,181,183-185,211217 Syrian-Russian Permanent Com mission on Economic Coop eration 94 Tagliavini, Heidi 173 Tajikistan 108,181 Talbott, Strobe 42,243n48 Taliban 62, 65, 67, 69,166,177,179 tankers 148 tanks 124,136,195,209 tariffs 176,182 Tartus naval base (Syria) 91, 95 TASS 111 Tatars 194,196 Tbilisi 99-100,115,135; protests in 173 television 64, 67; in Crimea 196; in English 163; and Georgia 99100; and Kyrgyzstan 179; and Libya 183; in Russia 185-186,213, 224-225; and Syria 185,214; and Tskhinvali 140,143; in Ukraine 101,192,197; in U.S. 108-109,112, 230-231; see also media temper tantrum 131 Tenet, George 78 tents 102,186,192 Ter-Petrosyan, Levon 25-27 Terek River 18, 62-64,69 territorial integrity 141-142,175 terrorists 13,51, 63,86,215 theocracy 93,147 Third Army (Turkish) 108,150 Tiananmen Square (China) 118 Tillerson, Rex 212,233 Time 121 time zone 47 tolerance 93 torture 20-21 tourism 85, 89, 91 TOW anti-tank missiles 212 trade 145,176,209; of Armenia 150,152 Transnistria 12,16-18,48,96-99; and CFE 124; and Duma 128; and Kosovo 125-126; and Ukraine 210 Treaty of European Union 34 tribalization 52 Tripoli 183 “troll” farm 217, 231 troops, Ukrainian 47 Trump, Donald 204; and Putin 170,214,226,233-235; and Syria 213-214, 216; and U.S. elections 218-219 tsars 8, 82,151,157; acquisitions of 18,142,238ИІ4
Index Tskhinvali 19,115, 238nl6; shelling of 132-134,140,143 Tulip Revolution 103-104,177,179 Tunisia 90,183 Turkey 19,42,84-88; and Abkhazia 173; and Armenia 25, 26,27,151-152; and Black Sea 140; and Blue Stream 114; and Chechnya 86,89; and coal 209; and Council of Europe 222; and Five Day War 140,143-144; and Georgia 115; and Kosovo 87,126; pipelines 148,205; and Syria 214217 Twitter 218-219 Tymoshenko, Yulia 113-114,175176 U-turn 53,57 Ukraine 8,43-50,171,190-208, 204-210; and Council of Europe 227; and ethnic Russians 137; and Eurasian Economic Community 182; and Georgia 174; and Kosovo 57,125; and NATO 75, 87,127,165,167,172; and Orange Revolution 101-103,113-114; and pipelines 88; and reset 174-176; and sanctions on Russia 223; and Transnistria 18,125 Ukrainian language 45,208 ultimatums 8,42,55,191,213 underwater cables 207 unilateralism 169 United Arab Emirates 90-91,214 United Nations 13, 51,120-121, 168; and Abkhazia 144,239n37; and English language 163; and European Security proposal 168-169; and Georgia 133,137; and Iran 264n8; and Kosovo 126, 144; and Russian diplomats 164; and South Ossetia 144 United Nations Comptroller 172 United Nations High Commis sioner to Georgia 172-173 United Nations Human Rights Commission 10,66, 68,70 United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) 23,145146,172 United Nations Secretary General 192 United Russia 185-186 United States 121-122; and Armenia 150-151; and Azerbaijan 147,149; and Chechnya 62,67, 69; and coal 209; and Council of Europe 222; and EU 34-35, 37,254и19; and Finland 82; fragility of 218; and Georgia 115-117;
and Hun gary 83-84; and Iran 93-94; and Iraq 91; and reset 165-171; re sponse to the Five Day War 140146; and Russian diplomats 164; and Salisbury incident 224; and Sarkozy mission 135-139; and Syria 211-217; and Turkey 84-87; and unilateralism 121-123 United States Congress 37, 62, 66, 188,232-233 United States Department of State 158,161,165,263n26 United States embassies 106,120, 239n35, 25ІИІ4 United States Foreign Service 163164, 263ПІ4 United States Senate 71, 72,192, 233 United States Senate Committee on Intelligence 220,231, 276n4 United States Treasury 40,119, 234 Upper Kodori Gorge 116,141,174 USAID 101,106,188 Ushakov, Yuri 120,162 Uzbekistan 108,177-179 Vaino, Anton E. 220 vegetables 206, 207, 223; from Azerbaijan 148,149 Venezuela 118,144,163 veto 98 victor’s peace 138 Victory in Europe (V-E) parade 31, 41,122,123 videos 213,215 Vietnam 6, 64, 69-70,205; and Eurasian Economic Union 183; Russian withdrawal 9,97 Villa, Pancho 121 violence 104 visas 117,188; and Armenia 150 Voice of Russia 111 Volkogonov, Dmitry 15 Voloshin, Alexander 79 volunteers 16, 21,194 Vorodin, Vladimir 96-99 Vostok battalion 134 Vostok 2010 176 voter fraud 102-103,186 votes 274n6 voting infrastructure 219-220 Wall Street Journal 110 war games 124 war lords 29-31, 61-63 warnings 115,117,125,131; from South Ossetia 122 warplanes 29, 99; and Five Day War 131; and Syria 184; and Ukraine 197 Warsaw Pact 13-14, 37-38,108; and CFE124; and NATO 83 warships 86,205-206,250n29 weapons 29, 97,118; of Georgia Beyerisehe Staatsbibliothek Ulinrhan 289 115-116; of mass destruction 7677 weather 71 web
cameras 186-187 West Qurna oil fields (Iraq) 77 wheat 157,174, 206; and Syria 214215 White Revolution 185-188 Wikileaks 1-2, 219 Williamson, Gavin 221 Wilson, Andrew 43 wives 160-162 women 18,97,160,162; see also marriages; rapes World Bank 126 World Cup 210,224, 227, 276n38 world power 95,108 World Trade Organization (WTO) 79, 81, 85, 93; and Georgia 130, 182; and Jackson-Vanik Law 188; and Russia 182, 221,223; and Ukraine 113 World War I 127,169 World War II 43, 82,140,169 Yakovlev, Dima 188 Yalta 78,233 Yanukovych, Viktor 113-114,176, 178,206-207; and Eastern Ukraine 197; and elections 101-102, 253n40; and EU 190-194; fall of 268ИІ2 Yeltsin, Boris 7-8,36; and Abkhazia 21; and Baltic Republics 11; and Chechnya 28,30-32, 64-65,106; and CIS 181; and Crimea 47-48; and Foreign Ministry 159-160; and G7 40,42,225; and Japan 11-12; and Kosovo 53-55; and Nagorno-Karabakh 25-27; and nationalities 15; and NATO 14; and NATO expansion 38-39; and nuclear weapons 72; and pipelines 148; and Serbia 7; and television 108; and Ukraine 4345,49 Yerevan 150,153 You-Tube 109, 218 youths 187 Yugoslavia 7,13,38,51; collapse of 125; as deterrent 21,23; and OSCE 106 Yushchenko, Viktor 102-103,113114, 253«40; and NATO 175 Zapad battalion 134 Zapad 2017 225 Zayed, Abdullah bin 215 Zelensky, Volodymyr 210,228 zero-sum game 229 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | De La Pedraja Tomán, René 1951- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1046510010 |
| author_facet | De La Pedraja Tomán, René 1951- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | De La Pedraja Tomán, René 1951- |
| author_variant | l p t r d lptr lptrd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047111577 |
| classification_rvk | ML 6600 ML 1000 |
| contents | The Collapse of an Empire -- Turmoil and War in the "Near Abroad" -- The West and the First Chechnya War -- The New Architecture for Relations with the West -- Ukraine: Deceptive Calm -- The Turning Point: Kosovo -- The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism -- Bridges to the West -- Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq -- Seeking Friendships -- Russia in the Middle East -- The West on the Offensive -- Response to the Color Revolutions -- Skirmishes with the West -- Countdown to Collision -- The Five Day War with Georgia -- The Response of the West to the War -- Friends in the Caucasus -- A Foreign Ministry for a World Power -- The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia -- The Reset in the Near Abroad -- Growing Divergences with the West -- Crisis in Ukraine -- Reprisals Over Ukraine -- Russia on the Offensive -- The Russian Diplomatic Campaign -- The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1249674043 (DE-599)BVBBV047111577 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1999-2020 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1999-2020 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04527nam a22005898c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047111577</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220607 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">210128s2021 |||| b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781476684994</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-4766-8499-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1249674043</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047111577</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 6600</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123202:13116</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 1000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123135:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">De La Pedraja Tomán, René</subfield><subfield code="d">1951-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1046510010</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Putin confronts the West</subfield><subfield code="b">the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020</subfield><subfield code="c">René De La Pedraja</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Jefferson, North Carolina</subfield><subfield code="b">McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers</subfield><subfield code="c">[2021]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">viii, 289 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Karten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The Collapse of an Empire -- Turmoil and War in the "Near Abroad" -- The West and the First Chechnya War -- The New Architecture for Relations with the West -- Ukraine: Deceptive Calm -- The Turning Point: Kosovo -- The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism -- Bridges to the West -- Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq -- Seeking Friendships -- Russia in the Middle East -- The West on the Offensive -- Response to the Color Revolutions -- Skirmishes with the West -- Countdown to Collision -- The Five Day War with Georgia -- The Response of the West to the War -- Friends in the Caucasus -- A Foreign Ministry for a World Power -- The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia -- The Reset in the Near Abroad -- Growing Divergences with the West -- Crisis in Ukraine -- Reprisals Over Ukraine -- Russia on the Offensive -- The Russian Diplomatic Campaign -- The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Russia's surprising return to the world stage since 2000 has aroused the curiosity-if not the fear-of the West. Gradually, the Kremlin went from a policy of deference to foreign powers to acting with independence. The driver of this transformation was President Vladimir Putin, who with skillful caution navigated Russia back into the ranks of global powers. In theaters of conflict such as Georgia, Syria and Ukraine, the Kremlin won significant victories at little cost to consolidate its decisive position. 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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047111577 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:26:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:02:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781476684994 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032518019 |
| oclc_num | 1249674043 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-521 DE-12 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-521 DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | viii, 289 Seiten Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210526 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | De La Pedraja Tomán, René 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)1046510010 aut Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 René De La Pedraja Logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 Jefferson, North Carolina McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers [2021] © 2021 viii, 289 Seiten Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Collapse of an Empire -- Turmoil and War in the "Near Abroad" -- The West and the First Chechnya War -- The New Architecture for Relations with the West -- Ukraine: Deceptive Calm -- The Turning Point: Kosovo -- The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism -- Bridges to the West -- Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq -- Seeking Friendships -- Russia in the Middle East -- The West on the Offensive -- Response to the Color Revolutions -- Skirmishes with the West -- Countdown to Collision -- The Five Day War with Georgia -- The Response of the West to the War -- Friends in the Caucasus -- A Foreign Ministry for a World Power -- The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia -- The Reset in the Near Abroad -- Growing Divergences with the West -- Crisis in Ukraine -- Reprisals Over Ukraine -- Russia on the Offensive -- The Russian Diplomatic Campaign -- The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations "Russia's surprising return to the world stage since 2000 has aroused the curiosity-if not the fear-of the West. Gradually, the Kremlin went from a policy of deference to foreign powers to acting with independence. The driver of this transformation was President Vladimir Putin, who with skillful caution navigated Russia back into the ranks of global powers. In theaters of conflict such as Georgia, Syria and Ukraine, the Kremlin won significant victories at little cost to consolidate its decisive position. Following a chronological approach from the fall of the Soviet Union to the present, this book draws on new documents to describe how Russia regained its former global prominence, with clear accounts of key decisions and foreign policy events-many presented for the first time-and important insights into the major confrontations with the West." Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1999-2020 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / 21st century Russia (Federation) / Politics and government / 1991- Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Western countries Western countries / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich / 1952- / Influence Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1999-2020 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4766-4240-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032518019&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032518019&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | De La Pedraja Tomán, René 1951- Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 The Collapse of an Empire -- Turmoil and War in the "Near Abroad" -- The West and the First Chechnya War -- The New Architecture for Relations with the West -- Ukraine: Deceptive Calm -- The Turning Point: Kosovo -- The Second Chechnya War and Islamic Radicalism -- Bridges to the West -- Russia and the U.S. Invasion of Iraq -- Seeking Friendships -- Russia in the Middle East -- The West on the Offensive -- Response to the Color Revolutions -- Skirmishes with the West -- Countdown to Collision -- The Five Day War with Georgia -- The Response of the West to the War -- Friends in the Caucasus -- A Foreign Ministry for a World Power -- The Reset in U.S. Relations with Russia -- The Reset in the Near Abroad -- Growing Divergences with the West -- Crisis in Ukraine -- Reprisals Over Ukraine -- Russia on the Offensive -- The Russian Diplomatic Campaign -- The Rollercoaster of U.S.-Russia Relations Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)122188926 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 |
| title_alt | Logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 |
| title_auth | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 |
| title_exact_search | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 |
| title_full | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 René De La Pedraja |
| title_fullStr | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 René De La Pedraja |
| title_full_unstemmed | Putin confronts the West the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 René De La Pedraja |
| title_short | Putin confronts the West |
| title_sort | putin confronts the west the logic of russian foreign relations 1999 2020 |
| title_sub | the logic of Russian foreign relations, 1999-2020 |
| topic | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Außenpolitik Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032518019&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032518019&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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