Memory politics and the Russian civil war: Reds versus Whites
"In examining the re-emergence of Russia's White Movement, Memory Politics and the Russian Civil War gets to the heart of the rich 20th-century memory debates going on in Putin's Russia today. The Kremlin has been giving preference to a Soviet-lite nostalgia that denounces the 1917 Bo...
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| Format: | Buch |
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London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
Bloomsbury Academic
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "In examining the re-emergence of Russia's White Movement, Memory Politics and the Russian Civil War gets to the heart of the rich 20th-century memory debates going on in Putin's Russia today. The Kremlin has been giving preference to a Soviet-lite nostalgia that denounces the 1917 Bolshevik revolution but celebrates the birth of a powerful Soviet Union able to bring the country to the forefront of the international scene after the victory in World War II. Yet in parallel, another historical narrative has gradually consolidated on the Russian public scene, one that favours the opposite camp, namely the White movement and the pro-tsarist groups defeated in the early 1920s. This book offers the first comprehensive exploration of this 'White Revenge', looking at the different actors who promote a White and pro-Romanov rehabilitation agenda in the political, ideological and cultural arenas and what this historical agenda might mean for Russia, both today and tomorrow."-- |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 141-144 |
| Beschreibung: | 155 Seiten 8 Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781350149960 9781350149953 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS List of Figures viii Introduction 1 1. 2. 3. 4. The White Officer: Historical Romanticism in Soviet Culture White Renaissance: Cultural Rediscovery without Judicial Rehabilitation White Memory Activism around the Russian Orthodox Church The Russian State’s Search for National Reconciliation 11 35 59 79 Conclusion 107 Notes Selected Bibliography 114 141 Index 145
INDEX Boldface locators indicate figures; locators followed by “n.” indicate endnotes Abramov, Fyodor 31 Admiral (film) 3,100 Afanasyev, Yury 44-5, 94 agnostic consensus (state) Christianization (Vladimir) 80 nations historical pantheon 80-1 Revolutions (1917) 81-3 Romanovs 84 Soviet Union, rehabilitation 83 Stalinism 84 state-centric pantheon 81 Akhmadulina, Bella 45 Aksenov, Sergey 85 Aleksandrov, Kirill 54 Alexy I, Patriarch 18 Alexy II, Patriarch 18, 68, 84 All-Russian Social-Christian Union of People s Liberation (VSKhON) 19 All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIK) 30, 32 Alley of Rulers, statues 81 Allies 15,102 amnesty refused to White officers 52-3, 55 Romanov family 58 Soviet citizens 48 And Quiet Flows the Don (film) 26 Andropov, Yuri 31-2 anti-communist movement 19 anti-Putin rally (Moscow) 44,112 antisemitism 20 apocalyptic groups (monarchism) 71 Artizov, Andrey 54 Assembly Nobility 71 Astafiev, Viktor 31 At Home among Strangers (film) 27 autocracy 7,12, 58, 71,76 modern 72 Slavophile interpretation 74 Averyanov, Vitaly 73 Bakov, Anton 73 baptism 36, 69 The Barber of Siberia (film) 95 Battle of Borodino (1812) 16 Battle of Kulikovo (1380) 21, 32 Belov, Vasily 31 Berdiaev, Nikolay 38 Beria, Lavrenty 17 Black Hundreds (movement) 18, 21,23,71-2,103 Black Panels (Soloukhin) 21 The Bodyguard (film) 27 Bogdan Khmelnitsky (film) 16 Bolshevik Revolution 12, 24, 29,49, 76, 79,81-3, 88,110 Bolsheviks 2-3,8,16,20, 40, 50, 95, 114 n.l budionovki 99 critique of 27
Index international Jtideo-Masonic conspiracy 43 leadership 24֊5 politics 7 Red Terror 44 repressions 61 resistance to 13, 99 State Border 11 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 83 as unpatriotic internationalists 110 Boroday, Alexander 92 Borodin, Leonid 19,45 Bulgakov, Mikhail 29 byvshie 18-19, 22 Center for Dynamic Conservatism 72-3 Center for the Memory of the White Movement 103 Central Committee of the Komsomol 30 Chaplin, Vsevolod 74 Chavchavadze, Elena 96 Chavchavadze, Zurab 91, 96 Chivilikhin, Vladimir 22 Christian Revival 73 Christian State-Holy Russia 66 Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors 59. See also New Martyrdom policy (Church) civil society groups (monarchism) 70 Center for Dynamic Conservatism 72-3 Divine Will movement 71 Russian Popular Line 71-2 Union of Orthodox Brotherhoods 71 The Clear Eye ofSiberia (Chivilikhin) 22 The Coltsfoot (Soloukhin) 21 146 commemorations 47, 60,64,68. See also memory/memory activism 1917 Revolutions, centenary 85-9 Baptism of Rus’ 68 Great Patriotic War 69 Communism 1, 76,108, 115 n.3 Communist Party of the Russian Federation 3, 20, 29, 32, 36, 47,49,80, 83,104-5 Confederacy, “lost cause” of 2 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 38 cosmopolitans 17, 85 Cossack history, museums 104 Cossack organizations 40, 50,97, 103 Cossacks of the 15th Corps 40 Council for Culture of the Russian Federation 70 Russia—My History (historical park) 74-5 The CPSU in Power: Essays on the History of the Communist Party, 1917-1957 (Rutchenko) 24 Damaskin (Orlovsky), Hegumen 62 Dauria (film) 27 de Villiers, Philippe 91 Denikin, Anton 1, 7-8,13,
95,97, 100,108 grave 97,98 reburial 1, 3, 96 Denikina, Marina 1, 96 Denikina, Xenia (grave) 97 Desyatnikov, Vladimir 23 Divine Will movement 71 Doctor Zhivago (novel) 29 Dolutsky, Igor 40 Donbas insurgency 90,94,103 Donskoy, Dmitry 69,72
Index Donskoy Monastery 1, 95,98 graves 97 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 16 Dudko, Dmitry 19 Dugin, Alexander 73 Duma of the Russian Federation 82,123 n.31 Eisenstein, Sergey 16 electronic barcodes, movement opposing 69,129 n.30 The Elusive Avengers (film) 27 émigré(s) 5, 37,42,95,104, 111 associations 14-15 Cossack 103 cruise for 90 cultural legacy, reintegration 4 culture and memory 28,100 exhibition, books 38 image of Whites 96 movement 14,25,107 NTS 14 rediscovery of literature 38 Enlightened Philistinism (Lobanov) 29 Entente, dogs of 13 Ernst, Konstantin 112 Eroshkin, Nikolay P. 38 ethnonationalism 42 Europeanization of Russia 2,108 exhibitions 88 Admiral Kolchaks death, centennial anniversary 43 émigré books 38 Glazunovs works 31 historical park 75 fascism 4,14,18,115 n.3 The Fate ofNicholas II after His Overthrow (Melgunov) 39 February Revolution 3, 8,12, 76 centenary 87-8 fevralisty 50 themes of 88 Federal Security Service (FSB) 70 film portrayals, White officers 25-8,95,107 First World War, monument 5-6 Florensky, Pavel 38 For Faith and Fatherland (movement) 40, 53, 72 The Forty-One (film) 26 Frank, Semyon 38 French Revolution 41,114 n.l Fundamentals of the Social Conception of the Russian Orthodox Church 74,104 Ganichev, Valery 23 Garmaev, Urzhin 51-2 Glazunov, Boris 24 Glazunov, Ilya 23-4 exhibition of works 31 Shulgin’s portrait 25 Golitsyn, Andrey 23 Gorbachev, Mikhail 32, 36-7,43-4, 48 Govorukhin, Stanislav 39 Great Patriotic War 6,8,48,80, 93,109 commemorations 69 Great Russian chauvinism 15 Gryzlov, Boris 82 Gulag 17, 54,68 historical romanticism 33,107 as movies and
music 16, 25-8, 33 of White Guards 22-5 History of the Fatherland in the Twentieth Century (Dolutsky) 40 History of Twentieth-Century Russia (Zubov) 104 147
Index Holy Russia 68,95 House of Russia Abroad 42, 48, 50 Icon ofNew Martyrs ofRussia Who Suffered Death for Christ (painting) 37 Ilyin, Ivan 1,19, 38,41, 95,109 controversial statements 98 grave 97,98 image of 95-6 Our Tasks 98 “On Resistance to Evil by Force” 24 Ilyina, Natalia (grave) 97 imperial family 60 church devoted to 65 depictions 65-6 icons of 64 Imperial Houses Chancellery 84 killing 11, 28,103,109 Nicholas II canonization 56 painting 37 rehabilitation 55 watershed moments, perceptions 7,110 Imperial House of Romanov 55, 92 Imperial House’s Chancellery 84 International Eurasianist Movement 73 Interregional Deputies Group 44-5 Ivan the Terrible 71 canonization 61 statues 81 Ivan the Terrible (him) 16 Izborsky Club 73, 99-100 Jews 17,20,24,98 judicial rehabilitation 36,46 Law on Rehabilitation (1991) 48-50 Nicholas II canonization 55-7 White leaders 50-5 148 Kalinin, Alexander 66 Kappel, Vladimir 96-7 arrival (Moscow) 51 graves 97, 98 Kerensky, Alexander 12, 88 statues 81 Khrushchev, Nikita 21, 25 destalinization 17, 26 “friendship between peoples” 20 Leninism 17 reforms 22 Kievan Rus’, medieval 8 Kirill, Patriarch 42, 59, 68-70, 74 Kirillovich, Vladimir (Grand Duke) 46 Klykov, Vyacheslav 32 Kolchak, Alexander 3, 7-8,13, 22, 88, 96-7,109 case 50-1 depiction 39 monument 101,101-2 mythologization 100 rehabilitation 42 Kolchak-like (literary style) 100 Kornilov, Lavr 22-3,102-3 Kovalchenko, Ivan 39 Kozhinov, Vadim 21-3 Krasnov, Petr 53 Kremlin 3, 5, 36,47, 58, 68,80, 89-90,108-10 as antinational regime 103 ideology 82, 98 memory politics 85 prevarications 87 Krganov,
Albir 67 Kschessinska, Mathilde 66 Kutuzov (film) 16 Kvashnin, Anatoly 50 The Last Step: Confession of Your Contemporary (Soloukhin) 24
Index Lavrov, Sergey 86,98 Law on Rehabilitation (1991) 48-50, 58 Lebed, Alexander 82 legal claims 51 Lenin, Vladimir 7,24,49,76,82-3, 90,110 as German spy (book theme) 39 Great Russian chauvinism 15 statues 81 Leninism 17, 20-1,26, 33, 89 Lettersfrom the Russian Museum (Soloukhin) 21 Levada Center, surveys 3, 7-8,114 n.6 Likhachev, Dmitry 100 Limonov, Eduard 105 literary movements 119 n.45 Lobanov, Mikhail 29, 32 Lossky, Nikolay 38 Luzhkov, Yury 75 Malenkov, Georgy 17 Malofeev, Konstantin 90,105,112, 134 n.35,135 n.35 as funder 90-1 launched Tsargrad 91 Marshall Capital Partners 90 monarchist convictions 91 Philanthropic Fund of St. Basil the Great 90 St. Vasily the Great Gymnasium 91 Twoheaded Eagle 92,103 Markov, Sergey 94,102-3 Matilda (film) 66-7,93 Medinsky, Vladimir 67, 86-7,104 Medvedev, Dmitry 75 Melgunov, Sergey 39,100 Melikhov, Vladimir 104 memory/memory activism 9, 32, 77,107,110-11 émigré culture and 28 grassroots level 99 Moscow Patriarchate 60 (see also New Martyrdom policy (Church)) Nazi slogans 17 of Nicholas II93,94 of White movement 2,6-8, 23, 36,48, 89,102 memory policy 99,108,113 Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors 59-61 Merkulov, Dmitry 73 Mikhalkov, Nikita 27-8, 95,105 Act of National Reconciliation and Unity campaign 95 image of Ilyin 95-6 Manifesto ofEnlightened Conservatism 95 patriotic films, produced 95 pro-Orthodox/White faction 99 Whites, image 95 Mikhalkov, Sergey 27 Milonov, Vitaly 51 Mitrofanov, Grigory 53 Mitrokhin, Nikolai 27, 30 monarchical restoration 8,46, 66, 85,92 monarchism 26,65,95 apocalyptic groups 71 assemblyists 46
dissidents, Orthodoxy and 18-19 legitimists 46 Orthodoxy outside the Church 70-3 patriotic journals/newspapers 46 Putin-style 89-90 restoring 8,46,66, 85,92 Russian Imperial House 46-7 Yeltsin, Boris 47 monarchist party 73-4 Monument to Reconciliation 79 149
Index Moscow Library of Foreign Literature 38 Moscow Patriarchate 1,16, 19, 37, 56-7, 68,73, 92, 111, 128 n.23. See also New Martyrdom policy (Church) Fundaments 74,104 memory activism 60 Nicholas II canonization 56 tsarism 74 Words on Love Operation 65 Mosfilm 26 Napoleon 16,28,88 Naryshkin, Sergey 85-7 National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS) 14-15, 24, 43,48, 50,53-4, 94 movement 38 Posev 45 The Road to Future Russia 45 National-Patriotic Front Pamyat 43 Nazarov, Mikhail 54,103 Nazi Germany 4,14-15, 18, 52-4, 58,84,98,104 Nemtsov, Boris 35,47,56 Nevsky, Alexander 16, 69, 81 New Economic Policy 15 New Martyrdom policy (Church) 60 decanonization 62 ideological plurality toward history 67-70 monarchist Orthodoxy 70-3 Nicholas II as icon 64-7 nostalgia for tsarism 74-6 reliquaries 62 repressions 64 sainthood, criteria 62 Synodal Commission for the Canonization of Saints 61-2 150 New Martyrs and Confessors 60,126 n.3. See also New Martyrdom policy (Church) canonization 60-1 Moscow Diocese 62 popularization 62 religious days 62 Nicholas 171,81,112 Nicholas II 3,9,12,24,29, 71, 76-7,81,112-13 abdication 88 canonization 37,55-7,63 as icon of prerevolutionary Russia 64-7 memory of 93,94 monument, unveiling 72 reburial of 82,84 watershed moments, perceptions 7-8 nostalgia 4, 28,109-11 Romanov 79 for tsarism 4,74-6, 111 for White movement 11,111 White past 25 Nuremberg Trials 5 October Revolution 3,8,11, 41, 81, 128 n.23 centenary 86-9 as coup (book theme) 39 Ogoniok (Little Spark) 46 Okudzhava, Bulat 45 On Rehabilitation of Cossacks, 1992 (law) 52 On Rehabilitation of
Victims of Political Repression (law) 4, 36,48,122 n.28 On Religious Freedom (law) 36 On the Rehabilitation of Participants of the White Movement (bill) 49 Operation Trust (film) 26
Index Orthodox Stalinism 68 Orthodoxy 2,7,12,23,41,43, 58, 66,83, 91 among dissidents 18-19 monarchist 70-3 in prerevolutionary Russia 37 Stalin as protector of 61 Osipov, Vladimir 19,43,73 Our Contemporary (Nash sovremennik) 30,46 Ovechkin, Vladimir 31 Pasternak, Boris 29. See also Doctor Zhivago (novel) perestroika 36, 60-1, 73 Church revival 36-40 monarchism 45-7 Solzhenitsyn 40-3 White narrative 40,43-5 Peskov, Dmitry 67,85 Peter the Great 8, 74, 81 pilgrims 23,25 Poklonskaya, Natalya 93,94,136 n.45 Poland 5 Politburo 29-30, 38,48 Popov, Gavriil 44-5, 53 Poremsky, Vladimir 15 Poruchik Golitsyn 28 Posev 24,45 post-Stalinist Soviet Union 2,18 prerevolutionary Russia 3, 8,18-19 as an empire (book theme) 39 image of 39-40 Nicholas II as icon 64-7 rediscovery of 39,43 Prince Vladimir of Kiev baptism 36,68-9 statues 69,81 Prokhanov, Alexander 73, 99 prose writers (village) 31 Protocols of the Elders ofZion 21,23 Pushkarev, Boris 45 Putin, Vladimir 1, 3, 5,7, 35,42, 47, 75,81-4,99, 110,114 n.2,114 n.3 arrival to power 82, 96 image of 96 inauguration of Whites memorial 98 inner circle with champions of White cause 89-94,105,112 Putinism 105 Putin regime 79, 82,89-90,108, 111-13 Putin’s memory policy 6 Rasputin, Grigory 61 Rasputin, Valentin 31 Reagan, Ronald 31 Rebuilding Russia (Solzhenitsyn) 40 reconciliation 1, 3-4,7, 9, 35, 79, 103,113 agnostic consensus (state) 80-5 emigrations 25, 28 grassroots memory battles 99-104 Mikhalkovs contribution 95-9 monument 99 Reds and Whites 1, 3, 35, 59,79, 82,107 religious 59 Revolutions (1917), centenary 85-9 ROCOR56 White cause,
champions of 89-94,105,112 Red Army 13, 16, 24,26, 52-3 The Red Terror (Melgunov) 39 Red Wheel (Solzhenitsyn) 40, 42 Reds 1, 5,9, 35, 59, 79,113. See also Whites agnostic position 80 Bolshevik politics, votes 7-8 Civil War 13, 49 film portrayals 26-7 151
Index plurality of opinions 80,105 reconciliation 1, 3, 35, 59, 79, 82,107 rehabilitation (Whites) 3,15,102, 107,112. See also judicial rehabilitation cinematographic 28 Cossack organizations 103 Easterns (Osterns), films 26-7 Great Turn 15-16 hesitant process 8 inside state structures 20-2 issue of 2,4-5 levels of 108-9 Second World War 16-17 Stalins death 17-18 tendencies 20 Reshetnikov, Leonid 38,93 revival of Russia 44 Revolutionary Tribunals 48 Revolutions (1917), centenary 85-9,112. See also specific Revolutions ritual murder 57 Rodina Club 30,32 Romanov, Vladimir Kirillovich 46 Romanov Family Association 46, 122 n.24 Romanovs 46, 56, 75, 92,109,112 depictions 39 as Europeanized dynasty 41 Kirill Vladimirovich 46 Maria Fiodorovna 84 Maria Vladimirovna 46, 84 nostalgia 79 Olga Andreevna 46 state policy 84 Rostropovich, Mstislav 25 Rozanov, Vasily 38 Russia Crucified (Glazunov) 24 The Russia That We Lost (film) 39 152 Russia—My History (historical park) 74-5 Russia (Rossiia) 29 Russian All-Military Union (ROVS) 14,40, 48, 50,102-3 The Russian Choice (documentary film) 95 Russian Civil War 2,12,114 n.l foreign interference 2, 7 international repercussions 4 memory of 14 monarchism and Orthodoxy 18-19 “Russian exodus” 13 Soviet authorities, ambivalent attitudes 29-32 White Guard 22-5 White officer, image of 25-8 Russian cultural legacy, associations 30 Russian Doctrine. See Serge’s Project (Russian Doctrine) Russian Imperial House 46-7, 50 Russian Imperial Union-Orden (RIS-O) 50 Russian Nobility Assembly 50 Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) 1, 37 See abo Moscow Patriarchate
Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors 59 pravoslavie.ru 70,73 revival 36 Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) 1,19, 31, 37, 56, 60,68, 90, 92, 96, 103-4,128 n.23 “Russian Party” 20, 30, 38 first environmental movement 22 Jews 20 tendencies 20
Index “village prose” movement 21 Russian Popular Line 71-2 Russian Protective Corps 40 The Russian Question at the End of the Twentieth Century (Solzhenitsyn) 40 Russian Soldiers of the Wehrmacht: Heroes or Traitors? (Aleksandrov) 54 “Russophile” movement 31 Rutchenko, Nikolay 24 Ryabov, Gely 11,24, 39, 55 Sakharov, Andrey 44-5 Savelyev, Andrey 50 Second World War 16-17,64 monument 6 Semanov, Sergey 23, 32 Semyonov, Grigory 51-2,103 Serges Project (Russian Doctrine) 72-3 St. Sergius of Radonezh 32,72 Shakhovskoy, Dmitry 91 Shchelokov, Nikolay 30 Shepilov, Dmitry 29 Shkuro, Andrey 53 Shmelyov, Ivan 95,98 Shoigus cathedral 64 Sholokhov, Mikhail 26 Shulgin, Vasily 25-6 Silver Age 22, 38 Shnonovich-Nikshich, Leonid 71 Skuratov, Yury 50 The Slandered Sovereign (film) 66 A Slave of Love (film) 27 Smirnov, Dmitry 97 Snychev, Yoann 19, 71, 90 Sobchak, Anatoly 47 Sobyanin, Sergey 88 social conservatism 82 Solonevich, Ivan 38 Soloukhin, Vladimir 21, 23-4,45 Soloviev, Vladimir 38 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 1,25, 38, 40-4,48,50,98,102,104 Sorok Sorokov 66 Soviet Union 2,4,48, 53, 58,76,83, 95, 98,117Ո.19 Allies 15 fall of 81 fascism 14 first environmental movement 22 image of 83 liberalization 18 nostalgia for 81,113 post-1945 110 post-Stalinist 2,17-18 regime, collapse of 2,11,41,45 and United States 31 Sretensky Monastery 70 St. Andrew Foundation 89-90 Stalin 15, 53,61 death 17-18,20,22 Moscow Patriarchate, restored 16 as protector of Orthodoxy 61 sanctity 61 statues 81 watershed moments, perceptions 7 Stalinism 16,20,48, 54,84,104 State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF) 38
State Border (mini-series) 11,28 Stepanov, Anatoly 71, 92 Stolypin, Petr 39-40,110 Strelkov, Igor 94,103 Summoning the Spirit of General Vlasov (Popov) 53 The Sun of the Dead (Shmelyov) 95 Sunstroke (fílm) 95 Surkov, Vladislav 98 Suslov, Mikhail 30 153
Index Suvorov (film) 16 Synodal Commission for the Canonization of Saints 61-2 Union ofSalvation (film) 112 Union of the Russian People 18, 72-3 US White Power movement 71 Teutonic Knights 16,69 Theses on the National Reconciliation of Russia (Medinsky) 86 Third Way theories 14,115 n.3 Tikhon (Shevkunov) 59, 69 Tikhon, Patriarch 61, 69-70, 74-5, 90, 96, 105 Timireva, Anna 23,100 The Tragedy ofAdmiral Kolchak (Melgunov) 39 Tragedy of Russia. Forbidden Topics of the Twentieth-Century History in Church Sermons (Mitrofanov) 54 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 83 Trotsky, Leon 16, 25,49, 59 Troubetzkoy, Alexandre 93 Truth about the Black Hundreds (Kozhinov) 21 Tsargrad 91 tsarism 3, 6-8, 58, 85,88-9, 93, 112. See also Nicholas II nostalgia for 4, 74-6,110-11 rediscovery 46 restoration 14,19, 39,107 vision of 60 White memory activism 9 tsarist education program 91 Tsurganov, Yury 45 Vasilyev, Dmitry 43 Veche (Assembly) 19 Vekselberg, Viktor 96 The Verdict of History (film) 26 Vertinskaya, Anastasiya 28 Vertinsky, Alexander 28 “village prose” movement 21 village prose writers 31 Vladimir Villages (Soloukhin) 21 Vlasov, Andrey A. 24,48, 53 amnesty 53 army 17,68 collaborationism 44, 52-3, 58, 104 memory 54 movement 54 Volodin, Vyacheslav 98 “The Volunteer Corps” 40 von Pannwitz, Helmut 52-3 VOOPIK. See All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIK) Vorontsov, Vladimir 30 Voykov, Petr 103 VSKhON. See All-Russian SocialChristian Union of Peoples Liberation (VSKhON) VTsIOM 8 Uchitel, Aleksey 66 Ukraine 4-5, 13,41, 93, 96 Ungern von Sternberg, Roman 51
case of 52 Union for Christian Revival 43 Union of Orthodox Brotherhoods 71,73 White cause, champions 89-94, 105, 112 White Guard 22-5 White Guard (Bulgakov) 29 White Guard Class 22 White Horse (Ryabov) 39 White movement 3,14 154
Index memory of2,6-8, 23, 36,48, 89,102 nostalgia for 11, 111 pilgrimage 25 reintegration 3 Wrangels house as museum 102 White narrative 40 memory activism 111 as tool for political battles 43-5 White officers image of 25-8,95,107 and Red commissars 99-100, 109 refused to grant amnesty 52-3, 55 White Renaissance 9, 57 judicial rehabilitation, lost battles (see judicial rehabilitation) monarchism 45-7 Perestroika (see perestroika) White Sun of the Desert (film) 27 Whites 1, 2, 7-8, 58,113,114 n.l agnostic position 80 Bolshevik politics, votes 7-8 Civil War 13, 49 film portrayals 26-7, 95-6 monuments 99 as patriots 28,95,110-11 plurality of opinions 80,105 posthumous image of 108 reconciliation 1, 3, 35, 59,79, 82,107 rehabilitation, issue (see rehabilitation (Whites)) as traitors 108,110 Wrangel, Pyotr 13-14,79,97-8, 102 Wrangel Army 90,103 Yakovlev, Alexander 43 Yakunin, Vladimir 89-90,105 Yeltsin, Boris 2,6, 35,42-4, 47, 56-7, 81-2, 86 YMCA Press 38, 42 Young Guard (Molodaia gvardiia) 23, 29 Zakharchenko-Shultz, Maria 26 zeks 17. See also Gulag Zemstvo Assembly 41,121 n.12 Zenkovich, Pavel 85 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 48-9 Zionism 21 Zionology 21 Zubov, Andrey 104 Zyuganov, Gennady 36, 50, 82 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen 155
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CONTENTS List of Figures viii Introduction 1 1. 2. 3. 4. The White Officer: Historical Romanticism in Soviet Culture White Renaissance: Cultural Rediscovery without Judicial Rehabilitation White Memory Activism around the Russian Orthodox Church The Russian State’s Search for National Reconciliation 11 35 59 79 Conclusion 107 Notes Selected Bibliography 114 141 Index 145
INDEX Boldface locators indicate figures; locators followed by “n.” indicate endnotes Abramov, Fyodor 31 Admiral (film) 3,100 Afanasyev, Yury 44-5, 94 agnostic consensus (state) Christianization (Vladimir) 80 nations historical pantheon 80-1 Revolutions (1917) 81-3 Romanovs 84 Soviet Union, rehabilitation 83 Stalinism 84 state-centric pantheon 81 Akhmadulina, Bella 45 Aksenov, Sergey 85 Aleksandrov, Kirill 54 Alexy I, Patriarch 18 Alexy II, Patriarch 18, 68, 84 All-Russian Social-Christian Union of People's Liberation (VSKhON) 19 All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIK) 30, 32 Alley of Rulers, statues 81 Allies 15,102 amnesty refused to White officers 52-3, 55 Romanov family 58 Soviet citizens 48 And Quiet Flows the Don (film) 26 Andropov, Yuri 31-2 anti-communist movement 19 anti-Putin rally (Moscow) 44,112 antisemitism 20 apocalyptic groups (monarchism) 71 Artizov, Andrey 54 Assembly Nobility 71 Astafiev, Viktor 31 At Home among Strangers (film) 27 autocracy 7,12, 58, 71,76 modern 72 Slavophile interpretation 74 Averyanov, Vitaly 73 Bakov, Anton 73 baptism 36, 69 The Barber of Siberia (film) 95 Battle of Borodino (1812) 16 Battle of Kulikovo (1380) 21, 32 Belov, Vasily 31 Berdiaev, Nikolay 38 Beria, Lavrenty 17 Black Hundreds (movement) 18, 21,23,71-2,103 Black Panels (Soloukhin) 21 The Bodyguard (film) 27 Bogdan Khmelnitsky (film) 16 Bolshevik Revolution 12, 24, 29,49, 76, 79,81-3, 88,110 Bolsheviks 2-3,8,16,20, 40, 50, 95, 114 n.l budionovki 99 critique of 27
Index international Jtideo-Masonic conspiracy 43 leadership 24֊5 politics 7 Red Terror 44 repressions 61 resistance to 13, 99 State Border 11 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 83 as unpatriotic internationalists 110 Boroday, Alexander 92 Borodin, Leonid 19,45 Bulgakov, Mikhail 29 byvshie 18-19, 22 Center for Dynamic Conservatism 72-3 Center for the Memory of the White Movement 103 Central Committee of the Komsomol 30 Chaplin, Vsevolod 74 Chavchavadze, Elena 96 Chavchavadze, Zurab 91, 96 Chivilikhin, Vladimir 22 Christian Revival 73 Christian State-Holy Russia 66 Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors 59. See also New Martyrdom policy (Church) civil society groups (monarchism) 70 Center for Dynamic Conservatism 72-3 Divine Will movement 71 Russian Popular Line 71-2 Union of Orthodox Brotherhoods 71 The Clear Eye ofSiberia (Chivilikhin) 22 The Coltsfoot (Soloukhin) 21 146 commemorations 47, 60,64,68. See also memory/memory activism 1917 Revolutions, centenary 85-9 Baptism of Rus’ 68 Great Patriotic War 69 Communism 1, 76,108, 115 n.3 Communist Party of the Russian Federation 3, 20, 29, 32, 36, 47,49,80, 83,104-5 Confederacy, “lost cause” of 2 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 38 cosmopolitans 17, 85 Cossack history, museums 104 Cossack organizations 40, 50,97, 103 Cossacks of the 15th Corps 40 Council for Culture of the Russian Federation 70 Russia—My History (historical park) 74-5 The CPSU in Power: Essays on the History of the Communist Party, 1917-1957 (Rutchenko) 24 Damaskin (Orlovsky), Hegumen 62 Dauria (film) 27 de Villiers, Philippe 91 Denikin, Anton 1, 7-8,13,
95,97, 100,108 grave 97,98 reburial 1, 3, 96 Denikina, Marina 1, 96 Denikina, Xenia (grave) 97 Desyatnikov, Vladimir 23 Divine Will movement 71 Doctor Zhivago (novel) 29 Dolutsky, Igor 40 Donbas insurgency 90,94,103 Donskoy, Dmitry 69,72
Index Donskoy Monastery 1, 95,98 graves 97 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 16 Dudko, Dmitry 19 Dugin, Alexander 73 Duma of the Russian Federation 82,123 n.31 Eisenstein, Sergey 16 electronic barcodes, movement opposing 69,129 n.30 The Elusive Avengers (film) 27 émigré(s) 5, 37,42,95,104, 111 associations 14-15 Cossack 103 cruise for 90 cultural legacy, reintegration 4 culture and memory 28,100 exhibition, books 38 image of Whites 96 movement 14,25,107 NTS 14 rediscovery of literature 38 Enlightened Philistinism (Lobanov) 29 Entente, dogs of 13 Ernst, Konstantin 112 Eroshkin, Nikolay P. 38 ethnonationalism 42 Europeanization of Russia 2,108 exhibitions 88 Admiral Kolchaks death, centennial anniversary 43 émigré books 38 Glazunovs works 31 historical park 75 fascism 4,14,18,115 n.3 The Fate ofNicholas II after His Overthrow (Melgunov) 39 February Revolution 3, 8,12, 76 centenary 87-8 fevralisty 50 themes of 88 Federal Security Service (FSB) 70 film portrayals, White officers 25-8,95,107 First World War, monument 5-6 Florensky, Pavel 38 For Faith and Fatherland (movement) 40, 53, 72 The Forty-One (film) 26 Frank, Semyon 38 French Revolution 41,114 n.l Fundamentals of the Social Conception of the Russian Orthodox Church 74,104 Ganichev, Valery 23 Garmaev, Urzhin 51-2 Glazunov, Boris 24 Glazunov, Ilya 23-4 exhibition of works 31 Shulgin’s portrait 25 Golitsyn, Andrey 23 Gorbachev, Mikhail 32, 36-7,43-4, 48 Govorukhin, Stanislav 39 Great Patriotic War 6,8,48,80, 93,109 commemorations 69 Great Russian chauvinism 15 Gryzlov, Boris 82 Gulag 17, 54,68 historical romanticism 33,107 as movies and
music 16, 25-8, 33 of White Guards 22-5 History of the Fatherland in the Twentieth Century (Dolutsky) 40 History of Twentieth-Century Russia (Zubov) 104 147
Index Holy Russia 68,95 House of Russia Abroad 42, 48, 50 Icon ofNew Martyrs ofRussia Who Suffered Death for Christ (painting) 37 Ilyin, Ivan 1,19, 38,41, 95,109 controversial statements 98 grave 97,98 image of 95-6 Our Tasks 98 “On Resistance to Evil by Force” 24 Ilyina, Natalia (grave) 97 imperial family 60 church devoted to 65 depictions 65-6 icons of 64 Imperial Houses Chancellery 84 killing 11, 28,103,109 Nicholas II canonization 56 painting 37 rehabilitation 55 watershed moments, perceptions 7,110 Imperial House of Romanov 55, 92 Imperial House’s Chancellery 84 International Eurasianist Movement 73 Interregional Deputies Group 44-5 Ivan the Terrible 71 canonization 61 statues 81 Ivan the Terrible (him) 16 Izborsky Club 73, 99-100 Jews 17,20,24,98 judicial rehabilitation 36,46 Law on Rehabilitation (1991) 48-50 Nicholas II canonization 55-7 White leaders 50-5 148 Kalinin, Alexander 66 Kappel, Vladimir 96-7 arrival (Moscow) 51 graves 97, 98 Kerensky, Alexander 12, 88 statues 81 Khrushchev, Nikita 21, 25 destalinization 17, 26 “friendship between peoples” 20 Leninism 17 reforms 22 Kievan Rus’, medieval 8 Kirill, Patriarch 42, 59, 68-70, 74 Kirillovich, Vladimir (Grand Duke) 46 Klykov, Vyacheslav 32 Kolchak, Alexander 3, 7-8,13, 22, 88, 96-7,109 case 50-1 depiction 39 monument 101,101-2 mythologization 100 rehabilitation 42 Kolchak-like (literary style) 100 Kornilov, Lavr 22-3,102-3 Kovalchenko, Ivan 39 Kozhinov, Vadim 21-3 Krasnov, Petr 53 Kremlin 3, 5, 36,47, 58, 68,80, 89-90,108-10 as antinational regime 103 ideology 82, 98 memory politics 85 prevarications 87 Krganov,
Albir 67 Kschessinska, Mathilde 66 Kutuzov (film) 16 Kvashnin, Anatoly 50 The Last Step: Confession of Your Contemporary (Soloukhin) 24
Index Lavrov, Sergey 86,98 Law on Rehabilitation (1991) 48-50, 58 Lebed, Alexander 82 legal claims 51 Lenin, Vladimir 7,24,49,76,82-3, 90,110 as German spy (book theme) 39 Great Russian chauvinism 15 statues 81 Leninism 17, 20-1,26, 33, 89 Lettersfrom the Russian Museum (Soloukhin) 21 Levada Center, surveys 3, 7-8,114 n.6 Likhachev, Dmitry 100 Limonov, Eduard 105 literary movements 119 n.45 Lobanov, Mikhail 29, 32 Lossky, Nikolay 38 Luzhkov, Yury 75 Malenkov, Georgy 17 Malofeev, Konstantin 90,105,112, 134 n.35,135 n.35 as funder 90-1 launched Tsargrad 91 Marshall Capital Partners 90 monarchist convictions 91 Philanthropic Fund of St. Basil the Great 90 St. Vasily the Great Gymnasium 91 Twoheaded Eagle 92,103 Markov, Sergey 94,102-3 Matilda (film) 66-7,93 Medinsky, Vladimir 67, 86-7,104 Medvedev, Dmitry 75 Melgunov, Sergey 39,100 Melikhov, Vladimir 104 memory/memory activism 9, 32, 77,107,110-11 émigré culture and 28 grassroots level 99 Moscow Patriarchate 60 (see also New Martyrdom policy (Church)) Nazi slogans 17 of Nicholas II93,94 of White movement 2,6-8, 23, 36,48, 89,102 memory policy 99,108,113 Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors 59-61 Merkulov, Dmitry 73 Mikhalkov, Nikita 27-8, 95,105 Act of National Reconciliation and Unity campaign 95 image of Ilyin 95-6 Manifesto ofEnlightened Conservatism 95 patriotic films, produced 95 pro-Orthodox/White faction 99 Whites, image 95 Mikhalkov, Sergey 27 Milonov, Vitaly 51 Mitrofanov, Grigory 53 Mitrokhin, Nikolai 27, 30 monarchical restoration 8,46, 66, 85,92 monarchism 26,65,95 apocalyptic groups 71 assemblyists 46
dissidents, Orthodoxy and 18-19 legitimists 46 Orthodoxy outside the Church 70-3 patriotic journals/newspapers 46 Putin-style 89-90 restoring 8,46,66, 85,92 Russian Imperial House 46-7 Yeltsin, Boris 47 monarchist party 73-4 Monument to Reconciliation 79 149
Index Moscow Library of Foreign Literature 38 Moscow Patriarchate 1,16, 19, 37, 56-7, 68,73, 92, 111, 128 n.23. See also New Martyrdom policy (Church) Fundaments 74,104 memory activism 60 Nicholas II canonization 56 tsarism 74 Words on Love Operation 65 Mosfilm 26 Napoleon 16,28,88 Naryshkin, Sergey 85-7 National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS) 14-15, 24, 43,48, 50,53-4, 94 movement 38 Posev 45 The Road to Future Russia 45 National-Patriotic Front Pamyat 43 Nazarov, Mikhail 54,103 Nazi Germany 4,14-15, 18, 52-4, 58,84,98,104 Nemtsov, Boris 35,47,56 Nevsky, Alexander 16, 69, 81 New Economic Policy 15 New Martyrdom policy (Church) 60 decanonization 62 ideological plurality toward history 67-70 monarchist Orthodoxy 70-3 Nicholas II as icon 64-7 nostalgia for tsarism 74-6 reliquaries 62 repressions 64 sainthood, criteria 62 Synodal Commission for the Canonization of Saints 61-2 150 New Martyrs and Confessors 60,126 n.3. See also New Martyrdom policy (Church) canonization 60-1 Moscow Diocese 62 popularization 62 religious days 62 Nicholas 171,81,112 Nicholas II 3,9,12,24,29, 71, 76-7,81,112-13 abdication 88 canonization 37,55-7,63 as icon of prerevolutionary Russia 64-7 memory of 93,94 monument, unveiling 72 reburial of 82,84 watershed moments, perceptions 7-8 nostalgia 4, 28,109-11 Romanov 79 for tsarism 4,74-6, 111 for White movement 11,111 White past 25 Nuremberg Trials 5 October Revolution 3,8,11, 41, 81, 128 n.23 centenary 86-9 as coup (book theme) 39 Ogoniok (Little Spark) 46 Okudzhava, Bulat 45 On Rehabilitation of Cossacks, 1992 (law) 52 On Rehabilitation of
Victims of Political Repression (law) 4, 36,48,122 n.28 On Religious Freedom (law) 36 On the Rehabilitation of Participants of the White Movement (bill) 49 Operation Trust (film) 26
Index Orthodox Stalinism 68 Orthodoxy 2,7,12,23,41,43, 58, 66,83, 91 among dissidents 18-19 monarchist 70-3 in prerevolutionary Russia 37 Stalin as protector of 61 Osipov, Vladimir 19,43,73 Our Contemporary (Nash sovremennik) 30,46 Ovechkin, Vladimir 31 Pasternak, Boris 29. See also Doctor Zhivago (novel) perestroika 36, 60-1, 73 Church revival 36-40 monarchism 45-7 Solzhenitsyn 40-3 White narrative 40,43-5 Peskov, Dmitry 67,85 Peter the Great 8, 74, 81 pilgrims 23,25 Poklonskaya, Natalya 93,94,136 n.45 Poland 5 Politburo 29-30, 38,48 Popov, Gavriil 44-5, 53 Poremsky, Vladimir 15 Poruchik Golitsyn 28 Posev 24,45 post-Stalinist Soviet Union 2,18 prerevolutionary Russia 3, 8,18-19 as an empire (book theme) 39 image of 39-40 Nicholas II as icon 64-7 rediscovery of 39,43 Prince Vladimir of Kiev baptism 36,68-9 statues 69,81 Prokhanov, Alexander 73, 99 prose writers (village) 31 Protocols of the Elders ofZion 21,23 Pushkarev, Boris 45 Putin, Vladimir 1, 3, 5,7, 35,42, 47, 75,81-4,99, 110,114 n.2,114 n.3 arrival to power 82, 96 image of 96 inauguration of Whites memorial 98 inner circle with champions of White cause 89-94,105,112 Putinism 105 Putin regime 79, 82,89-90,108, 111-13 Putin’s memory policy 6 Rasputin, Grigory 61 Rasputin, Valentin 31 Reagan, Ronald 31 Rebuilding Russia (Solzhenitsyn) 40 reconciliation 1, 3-4,7, 9, 35, 79, 103,113 agnostic consensus (state) 80-5 emigrations 25, 28 grassroots memory battles 99-104 Mikhalkovs contribution 95-9 monument 99 Reds and Whites 1, 3, 35, 59,79, 82,107 religious 59 Revolutions (1917), centenary 85-9 ROCOR56 White cause,
champions of 89-94,105,112 Red Army 13, 16, 24,26, 52-3 The Red Terror (Melgunov) 39 Red Wheel (Solzhenitsyn) 40, 42 Reds 1, 5,9, 35, 59, 79,113. See also Whites agnostic position 80 Bolshevik politics, votes 7-8 Civil War 13, 49 film portrayals 26-7 151
Index plurality of opinions 80,105 reconciliation 1, 3, 35, 59, 79, 82,107 rehabilitation (Whites) 3,15,102, 107,112. See also judicial rehabilitation cinematographic 28 Cossack organizations 103 Easterns (Osterns), films 26-7 Great Turn 15-16 hesitant process 8 inside state structures 20-2 issue of 2,4-5 levels of 108-9 Second World War 16-17 Stalins death 17-18 tendencies 20 Reshetnikov, Leonid 38,93 revival of Russia 44 Revolutionary Tribunals 48 Revolutions (1917), centenary 85-9,112. See also specific Revolutions ritual murder 57 Rodina Club 30,32 Romanov, Vladimir Kirillovich 46 Romanov Family Association 46, 122 n.24 Romanovs 46, 56, 75, 92,109,112 depictions 39 as Europeanized dynasty 41 Kirill Vladimirovich 46 Maria Fiodorovna 84 Maria Vladimirovna 46, 84 nostalgia 79 Olga Andreevna 46 state policy 84 Rostropovich, Mstislav 25 Rozanov, Vasily 38 Russia Crucified (Glazunov) 24 The Russia That We Lost (film) 39 152 Russia—My History (historical park) 74-5 Russia (Rossiia) 29 Russian All-Military Union (ROVS) 14,40, 48, 50,102-3 The Russian Choice (documentary film) 95 Russian Civil War 2,12,114 n.l foreign interference 2, 7 international repercussions 4 memory of 14 monarchism and Orthodoxy 18-19 “Russian exodus” 13 Soviet authorities, ambivalent attitudes 29-32 White Guard 22-5 White officer, image of 25-8 Russian cultural legacy, associations 30 Russian Doctrine. See Serge’s Project (Russian Doctrine) Russian Imperial House 46-7, 50 Russian Imperial Union-Orden (RIS-O) 50 Russian Nobility Assembly 50 Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) 1, 37 See abo Moscow Patriarchate
Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors 59 pravoslavie.ru 70,73 revival 36 Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) 1,19, 31, 37, 56, 60,68, 90, 92, 96, 103-4,128 n.23 “Russian Party” 20, 30, 38 first environmental movement 22 Jews 20 tendencies 20
Index “village prose” movement 21 Russian Popular Line 71-2 Russian Protective Corps 40 The Russian Question at the End of the Twentieth Century (Solzhenitsyn) 40 Russian Soldiers of the Wehrmacht: Heroes or Traitors? (Aleksandrov) 54 “Russophile” movement 31 Rutchenko, Nikolay 24 Ryabov, Gely 11,24, 39, 55 Sakharov, Andrey 44-5 Savelyev, Andrey 50 Second World War 16-17,64 monument 6 Semanov, Sergey 23, 32 Semyonov, Grigory 51-2,103 Serges Project (Russian Doctrine) 72-3 St. Sergius of Radonezh 32,72 Shakhovskoy, Dmitry 91 Shchelokov, Nikolay 30 Shepilov, Dmitry 29 Shkuro, Andrey 53 Shmelyov, Ivan 95,98 Shoigus cathedral 64 Sholokhov, Mikhail 26 Shulgin, Vasily 25-6 Silver Age 22, 38 Shnonovich-Nikshich, Leonid 71 Skuratov, Yury 50 The Slandered Sovereign (film) 66 A Slave of Love (film) 27 Smirnov, Dmitry 97 Snychev, Yoann 19, 71, 90 Sobchak, Anatoly 47 Sobyanin, Sergey 88 social conservatism 82 Solonevich, Ivan 38 Soloukhin, Vladimir 21, 23-4,45 Soloviev, Vladimir 38 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 1,25, 38, 40-4,48,50,98,102,104 Sorok Sorokov 66 Soviet Union 2,4,48, 53, 58,76,83, 95, 98,117Ո.19 Allies 15 fall of 81 fascism 14 first environmental movement 22 image of 83 liberalization 18 nostalgia for 81,113 post-1945 110 post-Stalinist 2,17-18 regime, collapse of 2,11,41,45 and United States 31 Sretensky Monastery 70 St. Andrew Foundation 89-90 Stalin 15, 53,61 death 17-18,20,22 Moscow Patriarchate, restored 16 as protector of Orthodoxy 61 sanctity 61 statues 81 watershed moments, perceptions 7 Stalinism 16,20,48, 54,84,104 State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF) 38
State Border (mini-series) 11,28 Stepanov, Anatoly 71, 92 Stolypin, Petr 39-40,110 Strelkov, Igor 94,103 Summoning the Spirit of General Vlasov (Popov) 53 The Sun of the Dead (Shmelyov) 95 Sunstroke (fílm) 95 Surkov, Vladislav 98 Suslov, Mikhail 30 153
Index Suvorov (film) 16 Synodal Commission for the Canonization of Saints 61-2 Union ofSalvation (film) 112 Union of the Russian People 18, 72-3 US White Power movement 71 Teutonic Knights 16,69 Theses on the National Reconciliation of Russia (Medinsky) 86 Third Way theories 14,115 n.3 Tikhon (Shevkunov) 59, 69 Tikhon, Patriarch 61, 69-70, 74-5, 90, 96, 105 Timireva, Anna 23,100 The Tragedy ofAdmiral Kolchak (Melgunov) 39 Tragedy of Russia. Forbidden Topics of the Twentieth-Century History in Church Sermons (Mitrofanov) 54 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 83 Trotsky, Leon 16, 25,49, 59 Troubetzkoy, Alexandre 93 Truth about the Black Hundreds (Kozhinov) 21 Tsargrad 91 tsarism 3, 6-8, 58, 85,88-9, 93, 112. See also Nicholas II nostalgia for 4, 74-6,110-11 rediscovery 46 restoration 14,19, 39,107 vision of 60 White memory activism 9 tsarist education program 91 Tsurganov, Yury 45 Vasilyev, Dmitry 43 Veche (Assembly) 19 Vekselberg, Viktor 96 The Verdict of History (film) 26 Vertinskaya, Anastasiya 28 Vertinsky, Alexander 28 “village prose” movement 21 village prose writers 31 Vladimir Villages (Soloukhin) 21 Vlasov, Andrey A. 24,48, 53 amnesty 53 army 17,68 collaborationism 44, 52-3, 58, 104 memory 54 movement 54 Volodin, Vyacheslav 98 “The Volunteer Corps” 40 von Pannwitz, Helmut 52-3 VOOPIK. See All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIK) Vorontsov, Vladimir 30 Voykov, Petr 103 VSKhON. See All-Russian SocialChristian Union of Peoples Liberation (VSKhON) VTsIOM 8 Uchitel, Aleksey 66 Ukraine 4-5, 13,41, 93, 96 Ungern von Sternberg, Roman 51
case of 52 Union for Christian Revival 43 Union of Orthodox Brotherhoods 71,73 White cause, champions 89-94, 105, 112 White Guard 22-5 White Guard (Bulgakov) 29 White Guard Class 22 White Horse (Ryabov) 39 White movement 3,14 154
Index memory of2,6-8, 23, 36,48, 89,102 nostalgia for 11, 111 pilgrimage 25 reintegration 3 Wrangels house as museum 102 White narrative 40 memory activism 111 as tool for political battles 43-5 White officers image of 25-8,95,107 and Red commissars 99-100, 109 refused to grant amnesty 52-3, 55 White Renaissance 9, 57 judicial rehabilitation, lost battles (see judicial rehabilitation) monarchism 45-7 Perestroika (see perestroika) White Sun of the Desert (film) 27 Whites 1, 2, 7-8, 58,113,114 n.l agnostic position 80 Bolshevik politics, votes 7-8 Civil War 13, 49 film portrayals 26-7, 95-6 monuments 99 as patriots 28,95,110-11 plurality of opinions 80,105 posthumous image of 108 reconciliation 1, 3, 35, 59,79, 82,107 rehabilitation, issue (see rehabilitation (Whites)) as traitors 108,110 Wrangel, Pyotr 13-14,79,97-8, 102 Wrangel Army 90,103 Yakovlev, Alexander 43 Yakunin, Vladimir 89-90,105 Yeltsin, Boris 2,6, 35,42-4, 47, 56-7, 81-2, 86 YMCA Press 38, 42 Young Guard (Molodaia gvardiia) 23, 29 Zakharchenko-Shultz, Maria 26 zeks 17. See also Gulag Zemstvo Assembly 41,121 n.12 Zenkovich, Pavel 85 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 48-9 Zionism 21 Zionology 21 Zubov, Andrey 104 Zyuganov, Gennady 36, 50, 82 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen 155 |
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| author | Laruelle, Marlène 1972- Karnysheva, Margarita |
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| author_facet | Laruelle, Marlène 1972- Karnysheva, Margarita |
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| author_sort | Laruelle, Marlène 1972- |
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| bvnumber | BV047105712 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1197599256 (DE-599)BVBBV047105712 |
| discipline | Geschichte Slavistik |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte Slavistik |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047105712 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:24:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:02:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350149960 9781350149953 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032511996 |
| oclc_num | 1197599256 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| physical | 155 Seiten 8 Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210331 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Russian shorts |
| spelling | Laruelle, Marlène 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)133464083 aut Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites Marlene Laruelle and Margarita Karnysheva London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2021 155 Seiten 8 Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Russian shorts Literaturverzeichnis Seite 141-144 "In examining the re-emergence of Russia's White Movement, Memory Politics and the Russian Civil War gets to the heart of the rich 20th-century memory debates going on in Putin's Russia today. The Kremlin has been giving preference to a Soviet-lite nostalgia that denounces the 1917 Bolshevik revolution but celebrates the birth of a powerful Soviet Union able to bring the country to the forefront of the international scene after the victory in World War II. Yet in parallel, another historical narrative has gradually consolidated on the Russian public scene, one that favours the opposite camp, namely the White movement and the pro-tsarist groups defeated in the early 1920s. This book offers the first comprehensive exploration of this 'White Revenge', looking at the different actors who promote a White and pro-Romanov rehabilitation agenda in the political, ideological and cultural arenas and what this historical agenda might mean for Russia, both today and tomorrow."-- Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Russischer Bürgerkrieg Motiv (DE-588)4206670-0 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Collective memory / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / History / Revolution, 1917-1921 / Historiography Collective memory Historiography Russia (Federation) 1917-1921 History Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 s Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s Russischer Bürgerkrieg Motiv (DE-588)4206670-0 s DE-604 Karnysheva, Margarita Verfasser (DE-588)1229006419 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-350-14997-7 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-350-14999-1 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-3501-4998-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032511996&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032511996&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Laruelle, Marlène 1972- Karnysheva, Margarita Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Russischer Bürgerkrieg Motiv (DE-588)4206670-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020531-9 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4206670-0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites |
| title_auth | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites |
| title_exact_search | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites |
| title_full | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites Marlene Laruelle and Margarita Karnysheva |
| title_fullStr | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites Marlene Laruelle and Margarita Karnysheva |
| title_full_unstemmed | Memory politics and the Russian civil war Reds versus Whites Marlene Laruelle and Margarita Karnysheva |
| title_short | Memory politics and the Russian civil war |
| title_sort | memory politics and the russian civil war reds versus whites |
| title_sub | Reds versus Whites |
| topic | Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd Russischer Bürgerkrieg Motiv (DE-588)4206670-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichtsschreibung Kollektives Gedächtnis Russischer Bürgerkrieg Motiv Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032511996&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032511996&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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