Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny: = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine
Античний керамічний імпорт у Черняхівській культурі на території України
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Ukrainian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kyïv ; Lucʹk
RVPV BKTB
2019
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| Schriftenreihe: | Scientia antiquitatis Ucrainica
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 447 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9786175907771 |
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| adam_text | ЗМІСТ ТОРГОВО-ОБМІННІ СТОСУНКИ В АНТИЧНОМУ СВІТІ........................ з SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 7 ПЕРЕЛІК УМОВНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬ.............................................................. 12
ВСТУП................................................................................................................. 14 РОЗДІЛ 1. СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИЧНОГО ТАРНОГО ТА СТОЛОВОГО ПОСУДУ РИМСЬКОГО ЧАСУ..................... 18 1.1. Сучасний стан вивчення амфорної тари римського
часу........................ 18 1.2. Сучасний стан вивчення античного столового посуду римського часу.... 22 1.3. Історія вивчення античного керамічного імпорту в черняхівській культурі на території України.......................................................................... 26 РОЗДІЛ 2.
СВІТЛОГЛИНЯНІ ВУЗЬКОГОРЛІ АМФОРИ ГЕРАКЛЕЇ ПОНТІЙСЬКОЇ................................................................................................... 38 2.1. Амфори типу Шелов Б............................................................................... 39 2.1.1. Напрямки
еволюції................................................................................. 41 2.1.2. Типологія та хронологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками..................................................... 42 2.1.3. Систематизація допоміжних морфологічних та
метричних ознак... 46 2.1.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів.................................. 51 2.1.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі
черняхівської культури.................... 54 2.2. Амфори типу Шелов Б.............................................................................. 58 2.2.1. Типологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками.................................................................................. 61 2.2.2. Хронологія виділених підтипів............................................................. 64 2.2.3. Систематизація допоміжних ознак....................................................... 76 2.2.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів.................................. 81 445
2.2.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі черняхівської культури.................... 85 2.3. Амфори типу Шелов Е.............................................................................. 88 2.3.1. Амфори типу Шелов Е в ареалі черняхівської культури................... 90 РОЗДІЛ 3. ЧЕРВОНОГЛИНЯНІ
АМФОРИ................................................... 93 3.1. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками........................ 93 3.1.1. Основні точки зору щодо походження та хронології......................... 93 3.1.2 Напрямки
еволюції.................................................................................. 96 3.1.3. Типологія та хронологія........................................................................ 99 3.1.4. Центри
виробництва.............................................................................. 102 3.1.5. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками в ареалі черняхівської культури..................................................................................... 102 3.2. Північнопонтійські
амфори зі складнопрофільованими ручками типу Зеєст............................................................................................................ 103 3.3. Амфори виробництва провінцій Нижнього Подунав’я.......................... 105 3.4. Сінопські амфори типу
Делакеу................................................................ 109 3.5. Амфори виробничих центрів Східного Середземномор’я та Егеїди.... 114 3.6. Італійські амфори типу Форлімпополі..................................................... 120 РОЗДІЛ 4. СТОЛОВИЙ
ПОСУД...................................................................... 128 4.1. Миски.......................................................................................................... 128 4.2. Тарілки......................................................................................................... 135 4.3. Блюда............................................................................................................ 137 4.4. Глеки одноручні.......................................................................................... 139 4.5. Глеки-ойнохої.............................................................................................. 148 4.6. Глеки дворучні............................................................................................. 151 4.7. Кухлі............................................................................................................. 152 4.8. Чаші.............................................................................................................. 153 4.9. Вази............................................................................................................... 156 446
4.10. Хронологічний та географічний розподіл типів античного столового посуду в черняхівській культурі................................................... 156 РОЗДІЛ 5. РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН АНТИЧНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ З ЧЕРНЯХІВСЬКИМИ ПЛЕМЕНАМИ........................................ 160 5.1. Етап 1 -
формування черняхівської культури (230-270-тірр.)............... 161 5.2. Етап 2 - стабілізація черняхівської культури (270-320-ті рр.)................ 167 5.3. Етап 3-розквіт черняхівської культури (320-370-тірр.)........................ ՛ 172 Етап 4 - фінал черняхівської культури (370-420/430-ті
рр.).......................... 184 ВИСНОВКИ........................................................................................................ 188 СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРИ........................... 198
ДОДАТКИ............................................................................................................ 255 Додаток А. Таблиці............................................................................................ 255 Додаток Б. Каталог знахідок пізньоантичного керамічного імпорту в
ареалі черняхівської культури........................................................................... 264 Додаток В. Ілюстрації........................................................................................ 298 447
SUMMARY Serhiy Didenko. Ancient Ceramic Imports in Chemiakhiv Cuiture in the Territory of Ukraine. Monograph. This monograph is a summarizing comprehensive research on an important scientific problem: a thorough analysis of ancient ceramic imports in Chemiakhiv culture. It categorize, systematized and mapped all groups of late antique transport vessels and tableware from Chemiakhiv culture’s sites in the territory of Ukraine; elaborated detailed vessels’ chronology; defined areas of distribution; traced periods, ways and dynamics of their arrival. This study provided a solid basis for historical reconstruction of the relations between the barbarian society of Southeastern Europe and ancient civilization during the Late Roman period. Its results could be used for further study of the problems related to chronology and economic development of Chemiakhiv culture, as well as its neighboring cultures in the European Barbaricum. The results of this research are of interest to specialists dealing with economic relations of the ancient centers in the Black Sea region, the problems of the chronology of late antique wares and attribution of mass ceramic material, etc. The author proposed a chronological scheme for various amphorae and tableware types that could be used for dating the late roman archaeological complexes from the Black Sea region, as well as other territories. The research is based on the following sources: 93 intact or archeologically intact forms of late antique transport vessels and tableware; about 5,000 typologically defined fragments from 130 Chemiakhiv sites and
random finds in the Chemiakhiv culture’s areal. In order to introduce a comparative perspective and provide an analysis of typological and chronological developments, this study explored numerous materials from synchronous barbaric sites of the Crimean peninsula and ancient centers of the northern Black Sea coast. The absolute majority of ceramic imports found in the Chernyakhiv’s area were
the products of the Pontic centers, particularly, the light-clay narrow-necked amphorae from Heraclea Pontica, Type D, F and E according to D. B. Shelov. Having studied the intact forms, this research identified five subtypes of amphorae Type D and three subtypes of amphorae Type F, and outlined corresponding chronological limits: D1 AD 200s-230s; D2 - AD 230s-250s; D3 - AD 250s-260s; D4 - AD 260s-300/310s; D5 - AD 300/310s-320s; Fl - AD 320s-350s; F2 - AD 350s-360s; F3 - AD 360s-370s. The author developed criteria for dating fragmented material and significantly improoved the chonology of Type E vessels. Introduced in this research elaborated typology and detailed chronology of the above-mentioned transporting vessels allowed us to trace thoroughly the dynamics of their imports in the areas where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled, while taking into consideration the regional characteristics of their distribution. The study indicated two main zones where the amphorae Type Shelov D concentrate: the middle and upper reaches of the Dnister river basin and the forest-steppe zone on the Left Bank Dnipro region. The majority of typologically defined fragments and intact forms belong to the vessels of the subtypes D2 and D3 (AD 230s-260s). The amphorae Shelov Type D are distributed all over the territory where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled. The absolute majority of finds belong to the subtypes F3 vessels (AD 360s- 370s). Amphorae Shelov Type E, which substituted the Type F vessels at the turn of the 370s-380s AD and remained present until the mid-5th centuiy AD,
concentrate in the settlements in southern Ukraine. In the forest-steppe zone these amphorae were found sporadically. The author analyzed all known in the Chemiahiv culture types of the red-clay transport wares, and developed a typology as well as a chronology for the amphorae with grooved handles from the North Pontic region. The research showed that the redclay storage and transport wares, which date back to the end of the 2nd - middle/third quarter of the 3rd century AD (amphorae with complex form handles of Type Zeest 75 and vessels with groove handles of Type 1 of Bosporus production), present only on the sites in the forest-steppe region. In the second half of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th 8
century AD, Italian amphorae of ForhmpopoU Type, rare for the Pontic region, reached only middle of the Dnister region. In the 4th century AD, the northern Pontic (Crimean) amphorae with grooved handles of Type 3 (AD 320s- 360s) and 4 (AD 360s-400s) started to enter the Chemiahiv culture’s areal. In the majority of cases the Sinope amphorae of “Delakeu” Type (mid-4th - first half of the 5th century AD) are found in the southern part of the Cherniakchiv culture’s areal. Vessels that were produced from around the middle of the 4th century AD in the provinces of the Lower Danube (types Dafna, Paraskiv 3D and 9A, Kuzmanov XVIII, Danubian imitations of the Pontic, Aegean and Mediterranean amphorae) are found only in the Chemiahiv culture’s sites located to the west from the Dnister river. Vessels from the Aegean (type Robinson M 273) and Eastern Mediterranean (type MRA 18, LRA 2 Benghazi) centers, as well as vessels from the sites in Asia Minor (MRA 3, LRA 10 Benghazi) generally spread out to the east from the Dnister river. This research categorized the group of ancient tableware, which was found on the Chemiakhiv’s sites in the territory of Ukraine, as following: 2 types of bowls, 2 variants of plates, 4 types of dishes, 8 types of single-handled jugs, 5 types of oinochoe jugs, 3 types of two-handled jugs, 2 types of mugs, 3 types of cups and one type of vases. The earliest samples are the fragments of the Type 1 cups with relief decoration. Their origin connects them with the workshops of the Roman Gaul (Rheinzabern) that produced the goods from the 2nd till the mid-3rd
century AD. All other types of the imported tableware are dated back to the period between the 4th - beginning of the 5th century AD. The larger part of this tableware was produced in Khersones, Roman provinces of the Lower Danube region and in the undefined centers of the Pontic region. Rare findings are the wares of Mediterranean origin. The majority of tableware’s types found on the sites that situated to the east of the Dnister has parallels among the tableware from Chersonese, barbarian sites of Crimea and the late antique layers of Tanais, forming the so-called «Northern-Black Sea» series. The wares from the sites of the western zone (between the Dnister and Danube rivers) have the most analogies in the Lower Danube region, where it was typically produced. This is the so-called «Western-Black Sea» series. 9
Drawing on the detailed study of the various groups of ancient ceramic imports, this research reconstructed the relationship between Cherniakhiv’s population and ancient civilization. It determined that the first contacts most likely took place in the first half - middle of the 3rd century AD. As a result of these connections, the ancient products began to enter the zone where Cherniakhiv’s population had settled. Considering that the time of these imports, which consisted mostly of Heraclean wine, coincided in general with the period of the Scythian/Gothic wars, the author regards as probable that, to some extent, the ancient goods appeared in the barbaric area as a result of looting. During the age of Constantine (306-337 AD), the contacts of the Cherniakhiv’s population with the ancient world turned into permanent relations. From the second third of the 4th century AD, the products in amphorae and tableware of the Pontic, Aegean, Mediterranean and provincial Danube centers started to enter Chernyahiv’s areas. On the sites situated to the east of the Dnister river, a significant proportion of imports was represented by Chersonesus’ tableware, while the products of the Lower Danube workshops dominated on the sites founded between the Dnister and Danube rivers. This can be explained by the following difference in directions of trade relations in these regions: the main supplier of the ancient goods to Chernyakhiv’s population in the eastern zone was Chersonesus and, probably, other cities of SouthWest Crimea, meanwhile the population of the western zone was accustomed to
trade with the Danubian provinces. The Dnister river became the boundary between these two zones. Only the sites of the Dnister basin are known to have finds of imported ceramics from Crime and ceramics produced in the Danubian provinces. The period of the most intense trade and exchange relations between the Chernyakhiv’s population and the ancient world dates back to the second half of the 4th century AD (with the peaks in the 360s - 375s AD), when the ancient ceramic imports spread out practically throughout all territory of Chernyakhiv culture’s settlers. At the end of the 4th century AD the flow of the imported products to the area 10
where forest-steppe’s population settled significantly reduced. At the same time, the population of the southern regions continued to participate actively in the exchange of goods with the ancient world until the first decades of the 5th century AD. 11
ЗМІСТ ТОРГОВО-ОБМІННІ СТОСУНКИ В АНТИЧНОМУ СВІТІ........................ з SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 7 ПЕРЕЛІК УМОВНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬ.............................................................. 12
ВСТУП................................................................................................................. 14 РОЗДІЛ 1. СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИЧНОГО ТАРНОГО ТА СТОЛОВОГО ПОСУДУ РИМСЬКОГО ЧАСУ..................... 18 1.1. Сучасний стан вивчення амфорної тари римського
часу........................ 18 1.2. Сучасний стан вивчення античного столового посуду римського часу.... 22 1.3. Історія вивчення античного керамічного імпорту в черняхівській культурі на території України.......................................................................... 26 РОЗДІЛ 2.
СВІТЛОГЛИНЯНІ ВУЗЬКОГОРЛІ АМФОРИ ГЕРАКЛЕЇ ПОНТІЙСЬКОЇ................................................................................................... 38 2.1. Амфори типу Шелов Б............................................................................... 39 2.1.1. Напрямки
еволюції................................................................................. 41 2.1.2. Типологія та хронологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками..................................................... 42 2.1.3. Систематизація допоміжних морфологічних та
метричних ознак... 46 2.1.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів.................................. 51 2.1.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі
черняхівської культури.................... 54 2.2. Амфори типу Шелов Б.............................................................................. 58 2.2.1. Типологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками.................................................................................. 61 2.2.2. Хронологія виділених підтипів............................................................. 64 2.2.3. Систематизація допоміжних ознак....................................................... 76 2.2.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів.................................. 81 445
2.2.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі черняхівської культури.................... 85 2.3. Амфори типу Шелов Е.............................................................................. 88 2.3.1. Амфори типу Шелов Е в ареалі черняхівської культури................... 90 РОЗДІЛ 3. ЧЕРВОНОГЛИНЯНІ
АМФОРИ................................................... 93 3.1. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками........................ 93 3.1.1. Основні точки зору щодо походження та хронології......................... 93 3.1.2 Напрямки
еволюції.................................................................................. 96 3.1.3. Типологія та хронологія........................................................................ 99 3.1.4. Центри
виробництва.............................................................................. 102 3.1.5. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками в ареалі черняхівської культури..................................................................................... 102 3.2. Північнопонтійські
амфори зі складнопрофільованими ручками типу Зеєст............................................................................................................ 103 3.3. Амфори виробництва провінцій Нижнього Подунав’я.......................... 105 3.4. Сінопські амфори типу
Делакеу................................................................ 109 3.5. Амфори виробничих центрів Східного Середземномор’я та Егеїди.... 114 3.6. Італійські амфори типу Форлімпополі..................................................... 120 РОЗДІЛ 4. СТОЛОВИЙ
ПОСУД...................................................................... 128 4.1. Миски.......................................................................................................... 128 4.2. Тарілки......................................................................................................... 135 4.3. Блюда............................................................................................................ 137 4.4. Глеки одноручні.......................................................................................... 139 4.5. Глеки-ойнохої.............................................................................................. 148 4.6. Глеки дворучні............................................................................................. 151 4.7. Кухлі............................................................................................................. 152 4.8. Чаші.............................................................................................................. 153 4.9. Вази............................................................................................................... 156 446
4.10. Хронологічний та географічний розподіл типів античного столового посуду в черняхівській культурі................................................... 156 РОЗДІЛ 5. РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН АНТИЧНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ З ЧЕРНЯХІВСЬКИМИ ПЛЕМЕНАМИ........................................ 160 5.1. Етап 1 -
формування черняхівської культури (230-270-тірр.)............... 161 5.2. Етап 2 - стабілізація черняхівської культури (270-320-ті рр.)................ 167 5.3. Етап 3-розквіт черняхівської культури (320-370-тірр.)........................ ՛ 172 Етап 4 - фінал черняхівської культури (370-420/430-ті
рр.).......................... 184 ВИСНОВКИ........................................................................................................ 188 СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРИ........................... 198
ДОДАТКИ............................................................................................................ 255 Додаток А. Таблиці............................................................................................ 255 Додаток Б. Каталог знахідок пізньоантичного керамічного імпорту в
ареалі черняхівської культури........................................................................... 264 Додаток В. Ілюстрації........................................................................................ 298 447
SUMMARY Serhiy Didenko. Ancient Ceramic Imports in Chemiakhiv Cuiture in the Territory of Ukraine. Monograph. This monograph is a summarizing comprehensive research on an important scientific problem: a thorough analysis of ancient ceramic imports in Chemiakhiv culture. It categorize, systematized and mapped all groups of late antique transport vessels and tableware from Chemiakhiv culture’s sites in the territory of Ukraine; elaborated detailed vessels’ chronology; defined areas of distribution; traced periods, ways and dynamics of their arrival. This study provided a solid basis for historical reconstruction of the relations between the barbarian society of Southeastern Europe and ancient civilization during the Late Roman period. Its results could be used for further study of the problems related to chronology and economic development of Chemiakhiv culture, as well as its neighboring cultures in the European Barbaricum. The results of this research are of interest to specialists dealing with economic relations of the ancient centers in the Black Sea region, the problems of the chronology of late antique wares and attribution of mass ceramic material, etc. The author proposed a chronological scheme for various amphorae and tableware types that could be used for dating the late roman archaeological complexes from the Black Sea region, as well as other territories. The research is based on the following sources: 93 intact or archeologically intact forms of late antique transport vessels and tableware; about 5,000 typologically defined fragments from 130 Chemiakhiv sites and
random finds in the Chemiakhiv culture’s areal. In order to introduce a comparative perspective and provide an analysis of typological and chronological developments, this study explored numerous materials from synchronous barbaric sites of the Crimean peninsula and ancient centers of the northern Black Sea coast. The absolute majority of ceramic imports found in the Chernyakhiv’s area were
the products of the Pontic centers, particularly, the light-clay narrow-necked amphorae from Heraclea Pontica, Type D, F and E according to D. B. Shelov. Having studied the intact forms, this research identified five subtypes of amphorae Type D and three subtypes of amphorae Type F, and outlined corresponding chronological limits: D1 AD 200s-230s; D2 - AD 230s-250s; D3 - AD 250s-260s; D4 - AD 260s-300/310s; D5 - AD 300/310s-320s; Fl - AD 320s-350s; F2 - AD 350s-360s; F3 - AD 360s-370s. The author developed criteria for dating fragmented material and significantly improoved the chonology of Type E vessels. Introduced in this research elaborated typology and detailed chronology of the above-mentioned transporting vessels allowed us to trace thoroughly the dynamics of their imports in the areas where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled, while taking into consideration the regional characteristics of their distribution. The study indicated two main zones where the amphorae Type Shelov D concentrate: the middle and upper reaches of the Dnister river basin and the forest-steppe zone on the Left Bank Dnipro region. The majority of typologically defined fragments and intact forms belong to the vessels of the subtypes D2 and D3 (AD 230s-260s). The amphorae Shelov Type D are distributed all over the territory where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled. The absolute majority of finds belong to the subtypes F3 vessels (AD 360s- 370s). Amphorae Shelov Type E, which substituted the Type F vessels at the turn of the 370s-380s AD and remained present until the mid-5th centuiy AD,
concentrate in the settlements in southern Ukraine. In the forest-steppe zone these amphorae were found sporadically. The author analyzed all known in the Chemiahiv culture types of the red-clay transport wares, and developed a typology as well as a chronology for the amphorae with grooved handles from the North Pontic region. The research showed that the redclay storage and transport wares, which date back to the end of the 2nd - middle/third quarter of the 3rd century AD (amphorae with complex form handles of Type Zeest 75 and vessels with groove handles of Type 1 of Bosporus production), present only on the sites in the forest-steppe region. In the second half of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th 8
century AD, Italian amphorae of ForhmpopoU Type, rare for the Pontic region, reached only middle of the Dnister region. In the 4th century AD, the northern Pontic (Crimean) amphorae with grooved handles of Type 3 (AD 320s- 360s) and 4 (AD 360s-400s) started to enter the Chemiahiv culture’s areal. In the majority of cases the Sinope amphorae of “Delakeu” Type (mid-4th - first half of the 5th century AD) are found in the southern part of the Cherniakchiv culture’s areal. Vessels that were produced from around the middle of the 4th century AD in the provinces of the Lower Danube (types Dafna, Paraskiv 3D and 9A, Kuzmanov XVIII, Danubian imitations of the Pontic, Aegean and Mediterranean amphorae) are found only in the Chemiahiv culture’s sites located to the west from the Dnister river. Vessels from the Aegean (type Robinson M 273) and Eastern Mediterranean (type MRA 18, LRA 2 Benghazi) centers, as well as vessels from the sites in Asia Minor (MRA 3, LRA 10 Benghazi) generally spread out to the east from the Dnister river. This research categorized the group of ancient tableware, which was found on the Chemiakhiv’s sites in the territory of Ukraine, as following: 2 types of bowls, 2 variants of plates, 4 types of dishes, 8 types of single-handled jugs, 5 types of oinochoe jugs, 3 types of two-handled jugs, 2 types of mugs, 3 types of cups and one type of vases. The earliest samples are the fragments of the Type 1 cups with relief decoration. Their origin connects them with the workshops of the Roman Gaul (Rheinzabern) that produced the goods from the 2nd till the mid-3rd
century AD. All other types of the imported tableware are dated back to the period between the 4th - beginning of the 5th century AD. The larger part of this tableware was produced in Khersones, Roman provinces of the Lower Danube region and in the undefined centers of the Pontic region. Rare findings are the wares of Mediterranean origin. The majority of tableware’s types found on the sites that situated to the east of the Dnister has parallels among the tableware from Chersonese, barbarian sites of Crimea and the late antique layers of Tanais, forming the so-called «Northern-Black Sea» series. The wares from the sites of the western zone (between the Dnister and Danube rivers) have the most analogies in the Lower Danube region, where it was typically produced. This is the so-called «Western-Black Sea» series. 9
Drawing on the detailed study of the various groups of ancient ceramic imports, this research reconstructed the relationship between Cherniakhiv’s population and ancient civilization. It determined that the first contacts most likely took place in the first half - middle of the 3rd century AD. As a result of these connections, the ancient products began to enter the zone where Cherniakhiv’s population had settled. Considering that the time of these imports, which consisted mostly of Heraclean wine, coincided in general with the period of the Scythian/Gothic wars, the author regards as probable that, to some extent, the ancient goods appeared in the barbaric area as a result of looting. During the age of Constantine (306-337 AD), the contacts of the Cherniakhiv’s population with the ancient world turned into permanent relations. From the second third of the 4th century AD, the products in amphorae and tableware of the Pontic, Aegean, Mediterranean and provincial Danube centers started to enter Chernyahiv’s areas. On the sites situated to the east of the Dnister river, a significant proportion of imports was represented by Chersonesus’ tableware, while the products of the Lower Danube workshops dominated on the sites founded between the Dnister and Danube rivers. This can be explained by the following difference in directions of trade relations in these regions: the main supplier of the ancient goods to Chernyakhiv’s population in the eastern zone was Chersonesus and, probably, other cities of SouthWest Crimea, meanwhile the population of the western zone was accustomed to
trade with the Danubian provinces. The Dnister river became the boundary between these two zones. Only the sites of the Dnister basin are known to have finds of imported ceramics from Crime and ceramics produced in the Danubian provinces. The period of the most intense trade and exchange relations between the Chernyakhiv’s population and the ancient world dates back to the second half of the 4th century AD (with the peaks in the 360s - 375s AD), when the ancient ceramic imports spread out practically throughout all territory of Chernyakhiv culture’s settlers. At the end of the 4th century AD the flow of the imported products to the area 10
where forest-steppe’s population settled significantly reduced. At the same time, the population of the southern regions continued to participate actively in the exchange of goods with the ancient world until the first decades of the 5th century AD. 11
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ЗМІСТ ТОРГОВО-ОБМІННІ СТОСУНКИ В АНТИЧНОМУ СВІТІ. з SUMMARY. 7 ПЕРЕЛІК УМОВНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬ. 12
ВСТУП. 14 РОЗДІЛ 1. СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИЧНОГО ТАРНОГО ТА СТОЛОВОГО ПОСУДУ РИМСЬКОГО ЧАСУ. 18 1.1. Сучасний стан вивчення амфорної тари римського
часу. 18 1.2. Сучасний стан вивчення античного столового посуду римського часу. 22 1.3. Історія вивчення античного керамічного імпорту в черняхівській культурі на території України. 26 РОЗДІЛ 2.
СВІТЛОГЛИНЯНІ ВУЗЬКОГОРЛІ АМФОРИ ГЕРАКЛЕЇ ПОНТІЙСЬКОЇ. 38 2.1. Амфори типу Шелов Б. 39 2.1.1. Напрямки
еволюції. 41 2.1.2. Типологія та хронологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками. 42 2.1.3. Систематизація допоміжних морфологічних та
метричних ознак. 46 2.1.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів. 51 2.1.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі
черняхівської культури. 54 2.2. Амфори типу Шелов Б. 58 2.2.1. Типологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками. 61 2.2.2. Хронологія виділених підтипів. 64 2.2.3. Систематизація допоміжних ознак. 76 2.2.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів. 81 445
2.2.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі черняхівської культури. 85 2.3. Амфори типу Шелов Е. 88 2.3.1. Амфори типу Шелов Е в ареалі черняхівської культури. 90 РОЗДІЛ 3. ЧЕРВОНОГЛИНЯНІ
АМФОРИ. 93 3.1. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками. 93 3.1.1. Основні точки зору щодо походження та хронології. 93 3.1.2 Напрямки
еволюції. 96 3.1.3. Типологія та хронологія. 99 3.1.4. Центри
виробництва. 102 3.1.5. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками в ареалі черняхівської культури. 102 3.2. Північнопонтійські
амфори зі складнопрофільованими ручками типу Зеєст. 103 3.3. Амфори виробництва провінцій Нижнього Подунав’я. 105 3.4. Сінопські амфори типу
Делакеу. 109 3.5. Амфори виробничих центрів Східного Середземномор’я та Егеїди. 114 3.6. Італійські амфори типу Форлімпополі. 120 РОЗДІЛ 4. СТОЛОВИЙ
ПОСУД. 128 4.1. Миски. 128 4.2. Тарілки. 135 4.3. Блюда. 137 4.4. Глеки одноручні. 139 4.5. Глеки-ойнохої. 148 4.6. Глеки дворучні. 151 4.7. Кухлі. 152 4.8. Чаші. 153 4.9. Вази. 156 446
4.10. Хронологічний та географічний розподіл типів античного столового посуду в черняхівській культурі. 156 РОЗДІЛ 5. РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН АНТИЧНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ З ЧЕРНЯХІВСЬКИМИ ПЛЕМЕНАМИ. 160 5.1. Етап 1 -
формування черняхівської культури (230-270-тірр.). 161 5.2. Етап 2 - стабілізація черняхівської культури (270-320-ті рр.). 167 5.3. Етап 3-розквіт черняхівської культури (320-370-тірр.). ՛ 172 Етап 4 - фінал черняхівської культури (370-420/430-ті
рр.). 184 ВИСНОВКИ. 188 СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРИ. 198
ДОДАТКИ. 255 Додаток А. Таблиці. 255 Додаток Б. Каталог знахідок пізньоантичного керамічного імпорту в
ареалі черняхівської культури. 264 Додаток В. Ілюстрації. 298 447
SUMMARY Serhiy Didenko. Ancient Ceramic Imports in Chemiakhiv Cuiture in the Territory of Ukraine. Monograph. This monograph is a summarizing comprehensive research on an important scientific problem: a thorough analysis of ancient ceramic imports in Chemiakhiv culture. It categorize, systematized and mapped all groups of late antique transport vessels and tableware from Chemiakhiv culture’s sites in the territory of Ukraine; elaborated detailed vessels’ chronology; defined areas of distribution; traced periods, ways and dynamics of their arrival. This study provided a solid basis for historical reconstruction of the relations between the barbarian society of Southeastern Europe and ancient civilization during the Late Roman period. Its results could be used for further study of the problems related to chronology and economic development of Chemiakhiv culture, as well as its neighboring cultures in the European Barbaricum. The results of this research are of interest to specialists dealing with economic relations of the ancient centers in the Black Sea region, the problems of the chronology of late antique wares and attribution of mass ceramic material, etc. The author proposed a chronological scheme for various amphorae and tableware types that could be used for dating the late roman archaeological complexes from the Black Sea region, as well as other territories. The research is based on the following sources: 93 intact or archeologically intact forms of late antique transport vessels and tableware; about 5,000 typologically defined fragments from 130 Chemiakhiv sites and
random finds in the Chemiakhiv culture’s areal. In order to introduce a comparative perspective and provide an analysis of typological and chronological developments, this study explored numerous materials from synchronous barbaric sites of the Crimean peninsula and ancient centers of the northern Black Sea coast. The absolute majority of ceramic imports found in the Chernyakhiv’s area were
the products of the Pontic centers, particularly, the light-clay narrow-necked amphorae from Heraclea Pontica, Type D, F and E according to D. B. Shelov. Having studied the intact forms, this research identified five subtypes of amphorae Type D and three subtypes of amphorae Type F, and outlined corresponding chronological limits: D1 AD 200s-230s; D2 - AD 230s-250s; D3 - AD 250s-260s; D4 - AD 260s-300/310s; D5 - AD 300/310s-320s; Fl - AD 320s-350s; F2 - AD 350s-360s; F3 - AD 360s-370s. The author developed criteria for dating fragmented material and significantly improoved the chonology of Type E vessels. Introduced in this research elaborated typology and detailed chronology of the above-mentioned transporting vessels allowed us to trace thoroughly the dynamics of their imports in the areas where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled, while taking into consideration the regional characteristics of their distribution. The study indicated two main zones where the amphorae Type Shelov D concentrate: the middle and upper reaches of the Dnister river basin and the forest-steppe zone on the Left Bank Dnipro region. The majority of typologically defined fragments and intact forms belong to the vessels of the subtypes D2 and D3 (AD 230s-260s). The amphorae Shelov Type D are distributed all over the territory where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled. The absolute majority of finds belong to the subtypes F3 vessels (AD 360s- 370s). Amphorae Shelov Type E, which substituted the Type F vessels at the turn of the 370s-380s AD and remained present until the mid-5th centuiy AD,
concentrate in the settlements in southern Ukraine. In the forest-steppe zone these amphorae were found sporadically. The author analyzed all known in the Chemiahiv culture types of the red-clay transport wares, and developed a typology as well as a chronology for the amphorae with grooved handles from the North Pontic region. The research showed that the redclay storage and transport wares, which date back to the end of the 2nd - middle/third quarter of the 3rd century AD (amphorae with complex form handles of Type Zeest 75 and vessels with groove handles of Type 1 of Bosporus production), present only on the sites in the forest-steppe region. In the second half of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th 8
century AD, Italian amphorae of ForhmpopoU Type, rare for the Pontic region, reached only middle of the Dnister region. In the 4th century AD, the northern Pontic (Crimean) amphorae with grooved handles of Type 3 (AD 320s- 360s) and 4 (AD 360s-400s) started to enter the Chemiahiv culture’s areal. In the majority of cases the Sinope amphorae of “Delakeu” Type (mid-4th - first half of the 5th century AD) are found in the southern part of the Cherniakchiv culture’s areal. Vessels that were produced from around the middle of the 4th century AD in the provinces of the Lower Danube (types Dafna, Paraskiv 3D and 9A, Kuzmanov XVIII, Danubian imitations of the Pontic, Aegean and Mediterranean amphorae) are found only in the Chemiahiv culture’s sites located to the west from the Dnister river. Vessels from the Aegean (type Robinson M 273) and Eastern Mediterranean (type MRA 18, LRA 2 Benghazi) centers, as well as vessels from the sites in Asia Minor (MRA 3, LRA 10 Benghazi) generally spread out to the east from the Dnister river. This research categorized the group of ancient tableware, which was found on the Chemiakhiv’s sites in the territory of Ukraine, as following: 2 types of bowls, 2 variants of plates, 4 types of dishes, 8 types of single-handled jugs, 5 types of oinochoe jugs, 3 types of two-handled jugs, 2 types of mugs, 3 types of cups and one type of vases. The earliest samples are the fragments of the Type 1 cups with relief decoration. Their origin connects them with the workshops of the Roman Gaul (Rheinzabern) that produced the goods from the 2nd till the mid-3rd
century AD. All other types of the imported tableware are dated back to the period between the 4th - beginning of the 5th century AD. The larger part of this tableware was produced in Khersones, Roman provinces of the Lower Danube region and in the undefined centers of the Pontic region. Rare findings are the wares of Mediterranean origin. The majority of tableware’s types found on the sites that situated to the east of the Dnister has parallels among the tableware from Chersonese, barbarian sites of Crimea and the late antique layers of Tanais, forming the so-called «Northern-Black Sea» series. The wares from the sites of the western zone (between the Dnister and Danube rivers) have the most analogies in the Lower Danube region, where it was typically produced. This is the so-called «Western-Black Sea» series. 9
Drawing on the detailed study of the various groups of ancient ceramic imports, this research reconstructed the relationship between Cherniakhiv’s population and ancient civilization. It determined that the first contacts most likely took place in the first half - middle of the 3rd century AD. As a result of these connections, the ancient products began to enter the zone where Cherniakhiv’s population had settled. Considering that the time of these imports, which consisted mostly of Heraclean wine, coincided in general with the period of the Scythian/Gothic wars, the author regards as probable that, to some extent, the ancient goods appeared in the barbaric area as a result of looting. During the age of Constantine (306-337 AD), the contacts of the Cherniakhiv’s population with the ancient world turned into permanent relations. From the second third of the 4th century AD, the products in amphorae and tableware of the Pontic, Aegean, Mediterranean and provincial Danube centers started to enter Chernyahiv’s areas. On the sites situated to the east of the Dnister river, a significant proportion of imports was represented by Chersonesus’ tableware, while the products of the Lower Danube workshops dominated on the sites founded between the Dnister and Danube rivers. This can be explained by the following difference in directions of trade relations in these regions: the main supplier of the ancient goods to Chernyakhiv’s population in the eastern zone was Chersonesus and, probably, other cities of SouthWest Crimea, meanwhile the population of the western zone was accustomed to
trade with the Danubian provinces. The Dnister river became the boundary between these two zones. Only the sites of the Dnister basin are known to have finds of imported ceramics from Crime and ceramics produced in the Danubian provinces. The period of the most intense trade and exchange relations between the Chernyakhiv’s population and the ancient world dates back to the second half of the 4th century AD (with the peaks in the 360s - 375s AD), when the ancient ceramic imports spread out practically throughout all territory of Chernyakhiv culture’s settlers. At the end of the 4th century AD the flow of the imported products to the area 10
where forest-steppe’s population settled significantly reduced. At the same time, the population of the southern regions continued to participate actively in the exchange of goods with the ancient world until the first decades of the 5th century AD. 11
ЗМІСТ ТОРГОВО-ОБМІННІ СТОСУНКИ В АНТИЧНОМУ СВІТІ. з SUMMARY. 7 ПЕРЕЛІК УМОВНИХ ПОЗНАЧЕНЬ. 12
ВСТУП. 14 РОЗДІЛ 1. СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИЧНОГО ТАРНОГО ТА СТОЛОВОГО ПОСУДУ РИМСЬКОГО ЧАСУ. 18 1.1. Сучасний стан вивчення амфорної тари римського
часу. 18 1.2. Сучасний стан вивчення античного столового посуду римського часу. 22 1.3. Історія вивчення античного керамічного імпорту в черняхівській культурі на території України. 26 РОЗДІЛ 2.
СВІТЛОГЛИНЯНІ ВУЗЬКОГОРЛІ АМФОРИ ГЕРАКЛЕЇ ПОНТІЙСЬКОЇ. 38 2.1. Амфори типу Шелов Б. 39 2.1.1. Напрямки
еволюції. 41 2.1.2. Типологія та хронологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками. 42 2.1.3. Систематизація допоміжних морфологічних та
метричних ознак. 46 2.1.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів. 51 2.1.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі
черняхівської культури. 54 2.2. Амфори типу Шелов Б. 58 2.2.1. Типологія амфор типу Шелов Б за основними морфологічними та метричними ознаками. 61 2.2.2. Хронологія виділених підтипів. 64 2.2.3. Систематизація допоміжних ознак. 76 2.2.4. Розгорнута характеристика виділених підтипів. 81 445
2.2.5. Амфори типу Шелов Б в ареалі черняхівської культури. 85 2.3. Амфори типу Шелов Е. 88 2.3.1. Амфори типу Шелов Е в ареалі черняхівської культури. 90 РОЗДІЛ 3. ЧЕРВОНОГЛИНЯНІ
АМФОРИ. 93 3.1. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками. 93 3.1.1. Основні точки зору щодо походження та хронології. 93 3.1.2 Напрямки
еволюції. 96 3.1.3. Типологія та хронологія. 99 3.1.4. Центри
виробництва. 102 3.1.5. Північнопонтійські амфори з жолобчастими ручками в ареалі черняхівської культури. 102 3.2. Північнопонтійські
амфори зі складнопрофільованими ручками типу Зеєст. 103 3.3. Амфори виробництва провінцій Нижнього Подунав’я. 105 3.4. Сінопські амфори типу
Делакеу. 109 3.5. Амфори виробничих центрів Східного Середземномор’я та Егеїди. 114 3.6. Італійські амфори типу Форлімпополі. 120 РОЗДІЛ 4. СТОЛОВИЙ
ПОСУД. 128 4.1. Миски. 128 4.2. Тарілки. 135 4.3. Блюда. 137 4.4. Глеки одноручні. 139 4.5. Глеки-ойнохої. 148 4.6. Глеки дворучні. 151 4.7. Кухлі. 152 4.8. Чаші. 153 4.9. Вази. 156 446
4.10. Хронологічний та географічний розподіл типів античного столового посуду в черняхівській культурі. 156 РОЗДІЛ 5. РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН АНТИЧНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ З ЧЕРНЯХІВСЬКИМИ ПЛЕМЕНАМИ. 160 5.1. Етап 1 -
формування черняхівської культури (230-270-тірр.). 161 5.2. Етап 2 - стабілізація черняхівської культури (270-320-ті рр.). 167 5.3. Етап 3-розквіт черняхівської культури (320-370-тірр.). ՛ 172 Етап 4 - фінал черняхівської культури (370-420/430-ті
рр.). 184 ВИСНОВКИ. 188 СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРИ. 198
ДОДАТКИ. 255 Додаток А. Таблиці. 255 Додаток Б. Каталог знахідок пізньоантичного керамічного імпорту в
ареалі черняхівської культури. 264 Додаток В. Ілюстрації. 298 447
SUMMARY Serhiy Didenko. Ancient Ceramic Imports in Chemiakhiv Cuiture in the Territory of Ukraine. Monograph. This monograph is a summarizing comprehensive research on an important scientific problem: a thorough analysis of ancient ceramic imports in Chemiakhiv culture. It categorize, systematized and mapped all groups of late antique transport vessels and tableware from Chemiakhiv culture’s sites in the territory of Ukraine; elaborated detailed vessels’ chronology; defined areas of distribution; traced periods, ways and dynamics of their arrival. This study provided a solid basis for historical reconstruction of the relations between the barbarian society of Southeastern Europe and ancient civilization during the Late Roman period. Its results could be used for further study of the problems related to chronology and economic development of Chemiakhiv culture, as well as its neighboring cultures in the European Barbaricum. The results of this research are of interest to specialists dealing with economic relations of the ancient centers in the Black Sea region, the problems of the chronology of late antique wares and attribution of mass ceramic material, etc. The author proposed a chronological scheme for various amphorae and tableware types that could be used for dating the late roman archaeological complexes from the Black Sea region, as well as other territories. The research is based on the following sources: 93 intact or archeologically intact forms of late antique transport vessels and tableware; about 5,000 typologically defined fragments from 130 Chemiakhiv sites and
random finds in the Chemiakhiv culture’s areal. In order to introduce a comparative perspective and provide an analysis of typological and chronological developments, this study explored numerous materials from synchronous barbaric sites of the Crimean peninsula and ancient centers of the northern Black Sea coast. The absolute majority of ceramic imports found in the Chernyakhiv’s area were
the products of the Pontic centers, particularly, the light-clay narrow-necked amphorae from Heraclea Pontica, Type D, F and E according to D. B. Shelov. Having studied the intact forms, this research identified five subtypes of amphorae Type D and three subtypes of amphorae Type F, and outlined corresponding chronological limits: D1 AD 200s-230s; D2 - AD 230s-250s; D3 - AD 250s-260s; D4 - AD 260s-300/310s; D5 - AD 300/310s-320s; Fl - AD 320s-350s; F2 - AD 350s-360s; F3 - AD 360s-370s. The author developed criteria for dating fragmented material and significantly improoved the chonology of Type E vessels. Introduced in this research elaborated typology and detailed chronology of the above-mentioned transporting vessels allowed us to trace thoroughly the dynamics of their imports in the areas where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled, while taking into consideration the regional characteristics of their distribution. The study indicated two main zones where the amphorae Type Shelov D concentrate: the middle and upper reaches of the Dnister river basin and the forest-steppe zone on the Left Bank Dnipro region. The majority of typologically defined fragments and intact forms belong to the vessels of the subtypes D2 and D3 (AD 230s-260s). The amphorae Shelov Type D are distributed all over the territory where Cherniakhiv culture bearers settled. The absolute majority of finds belong to the subtypes F3 vessels (AD 360s- 370s). Amphorae Shelov Type E, which substituted the Type F vessels at the turn of the 370s-380s AD and remained present until the mid-5th centuiy AD,
concentrate in the settlements in southern Ukraine. In the forest-steppe zone these amphorae were found sporadically. The author analyzed all known in the Chemiahiv culture types of the red-clay transport wares, and developed a typology as well as a chronology for the amphorae with grooved handles from the North Pontic region. The research showed that the redclay storage and transport wares, which date back to the end of the 2nd - middle/third quarter of the 3rd century AD (amphorae with complex form handles of Type Zeest 75 and vessels with groove handles of Type 1 of Bosporus production), present only on the sites in the forest-steppe region. In the second half of the 3rd - beginning of the 4th 8
century AD, Italian amphorae of ForhmpopoU Type, rare for the Pontic region, reached only middle of the Dnister region. In the 4th century AD, the northern Pontic (Crimean) amphorae with grooved handles of Type 3 (AD 320s- 360s) and 4 (AD 360s-400s) started to enter the Chemiahiv culture’s areal. In the majority of cases the Sinope amphorae of “Delakeu” Type (mid-4th - first half of the 5th century AD) are found in the southern part of the Cherniakchiv culture’s areal. Vessels that were produced from around the middle of the 4th century AD in the provinces of the Lower Danube (types Dafna, Paraskiv 3D and 9A, Kuzmanov XVIII, Danubian imitations of the Pontic, Aegean and Mediterranean amphorae) are found only in the Chemiahiv culture’s sites located to the west from the Dnister river. Vessels from the Aegean (type Robinson M 273) and Eastern Mediterranean (type MRA 18, LRA 2 Benghazi) centers, as well as vessels from the sites in Asia Minor (MRA 3, LRA 10 Benghazi) generally spread out to the east from the Dnister river. This research categorized the group of ancient tableware, which was found on the Chemiakhiv’s sites in the territory of Ukraine, as following: 2 types of bowls, 2 variants of plates, 4 types of dishes, 8 types of single-handled jugs, 5 types of oinochoe jugs, 3 types of two-handled jugs, 2 types of mugs, 3 types of cups and one type of vases. The earliest samples are the fragments of the Type 1 cups with relief decoration. Their origin connects them with the workshops of the Roman Gaul (Rheinzabern) that produced the goods from the 2nd till the mid-3rd
century AD. All other types of the imported tableware are dated back to the period between the 4th - beginning of the 5th century AD. The larger part of this tableware was produced in Khersones, Roman provinces of the Lower Danube region and in the undefined centers of the Pontic region. Rare findings are the wares of Mediterranean origin. The majority of tableware’s types found on the sites that situated to the east of the Dnister has parallels among the tableware from Chersonese, barbarian sites of Crimea and the late antique layers of Tanais, forming the so-called «Northern-Black Sea» series. The wares from the sites of the western zone (between the Dnister and Danube rivers) have the most analogies in the Lower Danube region, where it was typically produced. This is the so-called «Western-Black Sea» series. 9
Drawing on the detailed study of the various groups of ancient ceramic imports, this research reconstructed the relationship between Cherniakhiv’s population and ancient civilization. It determined that the first contacts most likely took place in the first half - middle of the 3rd century AD. As a result of these connections, the ancient products began to enter the zone where Cherniakhiv’s population had settled. Considering that the time of these imports, which consisted mostly of Heraclean wine, coincided in general with the period of the Scythian/Gothic wars, the author regards as probable that, to some extent, the ancient goods appeared in the barbaric area as a result of looting. During the age of Constantine (306-337 AD), the contacts of the Cherniakhiv’s population with the ancient world turned into permanent relations. From the second third of the 4th century AD, the products in amphorae and tableware of the Pontic, Aegean, Mediterranean and provincial Danube centers started to enter Chernyahiv’s areas. On the sites situated to the east of the Dnister river, a significant proportion of imports was represented by Chersonesus’ tableware, while the products of the Lower Danube workshops dominated on the sites founded between the Dnister and Danube rivers. This can be explained by the following difference in directions of trade relations in these regions: the main supplier of the ancient goods to Chernyakhiv’s population in the eastern zone was Chersonesus and, probably, other cities of SouthWest Crimea, meanwhile the population of the western zone was accustomed to
trade with the Danubian provinces. The Dnister river became the boundary between these two zones. Only the sites of the Dnister basin are known to have finds of imported ceramics from Crime and ceramics produced in the Danubian provinces. The period of the most intense trade and exchange relations between the Chernyakhiv’s population and the ancient world dates back to the second half of the 4th century AD (with the peaks in the 360s - 375s AD), when the ancient ceramic imports spread out practically throughout all territory of Chernyakhiv culture’s settlers. At the end of the 4th century AD the flow of the imported products to the area 10
where forest-steppe’s population settled significantly reduced. At the same time, the population of the southern regions continued to participate actively in the exchange of goods with the ancient world until the first decades of the 5th century AD. 11 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Didenko, Serhij Vasylʹovyč |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1225425832 |
| author_facet | Didenko, Serhij Vasylʹovyč |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Didenko, Serhij Vasylʹovyč |
| author_variant | s v d sv svd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047097919 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1232515622 (DE-599)BVBBV047097919 |
| era | Geschichte 275-420 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 275-420 |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:21:57Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:02:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786175907771 |
| language | Ukrainian |
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| publishDate | 2019 |
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| series2 | Scientia antiquitatis Ucrainica |
| spelling | 880-01 Didenko, Serhij Vasylʹovyč Verfasser (DE-588)1225425832 aut 880-02 Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine Serhij Didenko Chemiakhiv Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine 880-03 Kyïv ; Lucʹk RVPV BKTB 2019 447 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Scientia antiquitatis Ucrainica Text ukrainisch, Zusammenfassung englisch Kyrillische Schrift Geschichte 275-420 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Keramik (DE-588)4030270-2 gnd rswk-swf Import (DE-588)4026665-5 gnd rswk-swf Tschernjachowkultur (DE-588)4186375-6 gnd rswk-swf Schwarzmeergebiet, Randkulturen (DE-2581)TH000003486 gbd Handel (DE-2581)TH000006979 gbd Tschernjachowkultur (DE-588)4186375-6 s Keramik (DE-588)4030270-2 s Import (DE-588)4026665-5 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 275-420 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 100-01/(N Діденко, Сергій Васильович ut 245-02/(N Античний керамічний імпорт у Черняхівській культурі на території України Сергій Діденко 264-03/(N Київ ; Луцьк РВПВ БКТБ 2019 |
| spellingShingle | Didenko, Serhij Vasylʹovyč Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Keramik (DE-588)4030270-2 gnd Import (DE-588)4026665-5 gnd Tschernjachowkultur (DE-588)4186375-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4030270-2 (DE-588)4026665-5 (DE-588)4186375-6 |
| title | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine |
| title_alt | Chemiakhiv Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine |
| title_auth | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine |
| title_exact_search | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine |
| title_full | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine Serhij Didenko |
| title_fullStr | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine Serhij Didenko |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine Serhij Didenko |
| title_short | Antyčnyj keramičnyj import u Černjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytoriï Ukraïny |
| title_sort | antycnyj keramicnyj import u cernjachivsʹkij kulʹturi na terytorii ukrainy ancient ceramic imports in cherniakhiv culture in the territory of ukraine |
| title_sub | = Ancient ceramic imports in Cherniakhiv culture in the territory of Ukraine |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Keramik (DE-588)4030270-2 gnd Import (DE-588)4026665-5 gnd Tschernjachowkultur (DE-588)4186375-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Keramik Import Tschernjachowkultur |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032504362&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT didenkoserhijvasylʹovyc antycnyjkeramicnyjimportucernjachivsʹkijkulʹturinaterytoriiukrainyancientceramicimportsincherniakhivcultureintheterritoryofukraine AT didenkoserhijvasylʹovyc chemiakhiv AT didenkoserhijvasylʹovyc ancientceramicimportsincherniakhivcultureintheterritoryofukraine |
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