Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors: a study in historic relationships
"Following the completion of his major novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, Russian writer Leo Tolstoy experienced a spiritual crisis that led him to denounce the privileges of his social class and its attendant material wealth and embrace the simple rural life of the peasantry. In the perse...
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| Ausgabe: | Expanded and revised edition |
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Following the completion of his major novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, Russian writer Leo Tolstoy experienced a spiritual crisis that led him to denounce the privileges of his social class and its attendant material wealth and embrace the simple rural life of the peasantry. In the persecuted Russian Doukhobor sect, who also rejected militarism and church ritual in favour of finding God in their hearts, he saw a prime example of how it was possible to live his new-found pacifist ideals in everyday life. He was so taken with their lifestyle, calling the Doukhobors "people of the 25th century," that, in 1898, he decided to help finance their mass emigration to Canada, away from the persecutions of the Russian church and state. Donskov's expanded study presents an outline of Doukhobor history and beliefs, their harmony with Tolstoy's lifelong aim of "unity of people", and the portrayal of Doukhobors in Tolstoy's writings. This edition features Tolstoy's complete correspondence with Doukhobor leader Pëtr Vasil'evich Verigin. Three guest essays by prominent Canadian Doukhobors are also included. Supported by a considerable array of source materials, Donskov's monograph will be of relevance to anyone interested in religious, philosophical, sociological, pacifist, historical, or literary studies."-- |
| Beschreibung: | xxviii, 455 Seiten, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780776628509 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FIRST EDITION XI PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION XV INTRODUCTION XIX PART I The Doukhobors and Tolstoy CHAPTER 1 The Doukhobors: An Outline of Their History and Beliefs 3 CHAPTER 2 The ‘Unity ofPeople’as Tolstoy’s Lifelong Aim 23 CHAPTER 3 Tolstoy and the Tolstoyans: State and Church Opposition 49 CHAPTER 4 The Doukhobors’Journey to Canada in the Tolstoy Family’s Correspondence 77 CHAPTER 5 The Doukhobors in Tolstoy’s Writings 101
CHAPTER 6 Tolstoy’s Correspondence with Pëtr Vasil’evich Verigin 131 Tolstoy and Verigin: Letters 1895-1910 135 CHAPTER 7 Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors Today 205 PART II Guest Essays by Three Prominent Doukhobors What Tolstoy Means to Me as an Artist, by Jan Kabatoff 237 Lev Tolstoy in My Doukhobor Family Heritage, by Eli A. Popoff 245 What Lev Tolstoy Means to Me and the Doukhobors, by Koozma J. Tarasoff 253 PART III Archival Documents on Tolstoy and the Doukhobors Excerpts from Sergej Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: A Journey to Canada 259 Excerpts Concerning the Doukhobors from S. A. Tolstaya’s Writings 297 PART IV Archival Letters on Tolstoy and the Doukhobors Archival Letters Concerning the Doukhobors 3D APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: A Timeline 365
APPENDIX 2 Eli A. Popoff: A Filial Tribute З 79 APPENDIX З Chronology of Tolstoys Letters on the Doukhobors (1891-1910) 385 APPENDIX 4 List ofSergej Tolstoy’s Publications 417 APPENDIX 5 Questionnaire for Doukhobors on L. N. Tolstoy 419 BIBLIOGRAPHY 423 INDEX OF NAMES 447
Abramov, Ja. V. 1884. Dukhobortsy. Moscow. Abrams, Irwin. 2001. The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901-2001. New York: Science History Publications. Afanas’ev, A. N. 1913. Narodnye russkie legendy. Moscow. Afanas’ev, E. S. 1976. “O nekotorykh osobennostjakh tvorcheskogo metoda L. N. Tolstogo pozdnego perioda.” Russkaja literatura, № ą: 159-66. Alexeeva (Alekseeva), Galina. 1995. “Literature on the Doukhobors contained in Lev N. Tolstoy’s private library in the village of Yasnaya Polyana.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, № 3: 234-44. —, 1998. “Leo Tolstoy and James Mavor.” Tolstoy Studies Journal, voi. 10,80-89. —, 2000. “James Mavor and the Doukhobors.” In Donskov, Woodsworth, and Gaffield, 149-57. Allen, James Sloan. 1998. “Tolstoy’s prophecy: ‘What is art?’ today.” The New Criterion, voi. 12, N° 4:15-21. Alston, Charlotte. 2014a. “A Great Host of Sympathisers: The Doukhobor Emigration and its International Supporters 1895-1905.” Journal of Modern European History, voi. 12, № 2 (April): 200-15. —, 2014b. Tolstoy and his Disciples. The History of a Radical International Movement. London: I.B. Tauris. Anderson, Jennifer. 1997. “Leo Tolstoy, Peter Kropotkin and James Mavor on the Doukhobors.” Master’s thesis, Carleton University. Anderson, V. M. 1908. “Dukhoborchestvo (Obshchina Vsemirnago Bratstva) i syjaz’ ego s tolstovstvom.” In Staroobrjadchestvo i sektantstvo: istoricheskij ocherk russkago religioznago raznomyslija, 371-409. St. Petersburg. Anosova, Irina A. 2006. “Canada — second homeland of the Doukhobors: integration and
cultural localization/Kanada — Moraja Rodina Dukhobortsev: filosofija ljubvi kak puť kuľturnoj integratsii.” Mir Rossii, vol. 25, № 4:198-99. Available at http:// www.spirit-wrestlers.com/excerpts/Inquirer/Anosova.html. —, 2016. “Phenomenologija kul’tury sovremennykh dukhobortsev Kanady (k voprosu o dialektike professii i konfessii).” In Professionaľnaja Kultura Spetsialista v XXI veke. Trudy nauchno prakticheskoj konferentsii. St. Petersburg. Available at https:// tinyurl.com/anosova-cdc. Anuchin, D. N. 1913. “Iz vospominanij.” In Russkie vedomosti. Sborník, 84-85. Moscow. Armytage, W. H. G. 1961. Heavens Below: Utopian Experiments in England, 1560-1960. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, and London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Arkhiv S.L. Tolstogo. Moscow: Gosudarstvennyj muzej im. L.N. Tolstogo. Arkhiv S.A. Tolstoj. Moscow: Gosudarstvennyj muzej im. L.N. Tolstogo. Ashkinazi, M.O. [Michel Delines, pseud.]. 1909. “Tolstoï et les Doukhobors.” In Bibliothèque universelle et revue Suisse. Lausanne-Genève, ser. 4, vol. 53, 5-31. 425
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Assistant Prosecutor of Elisavetpoľ Regional Court. 1898. Representation to the Prosecutor of Elisavetpoľ Regional Court, 10 February. Document #1898-03-12!) in Woodsworth 1997. English translation in Woodsworth 1999a: 90-97. Avakumovic, Ivan. 1978. “Tolstoy and the Doukhobors.” Paper delivered at the Tolstoy Symposium, University of Victoria. Ballou, Adin. 1846. Christian Non-resistance. Philadelphia: J.M. M’Kim. Bazanov, V. 1973. “Vokrug narodnykh rasskazov L.N. Tolstogo.” In Otfoľklora к narod noj knige, 297-321. Leningrad: Khudozhestvennaja literatura. Bekker, M. 1935. “L. Tolstoj i nachinajushchie pisateli iz naroda.” Literaturnaja ucheba, № ю: 130-45. Bellows, Amanda. 2014. Serfs and Slaves in the Post-Emancipation Imagination 1861191s. Washington, DC: American Councils for International Education. Berlin, Isaiah. 1967. “Tolstoy and enlightenment.” In Tolstoy, edited by Ralph Matlaw. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bienstock, J.-W. (V. L. Binshtok). 1899. “Léon Tolstoy sur les Doukhobors.” Revue blanche [Paris], vol.18 (January), 79-80. —, ed. and trans. 1902. Tolstoï et ks doukhobors: faits historiques réunis et traduits du russe. Bibliothèque sociologique, № 32. Paris: Stock. Billington, James. 1966. The Icon and the Axe: An Interpretive History of Russian Culture. New York: Vintage Books. See esp. “The sectarian tradition,” 174-80. Birjukov, P. 1.1896. “Gonenie na khristian v Rossii v 1895 g.” Carouge-Genève: Êlpidin. —, 1897. Pomogite! Obrashchenie к obshchestvu po povodu gonenij na kavkazskikh dukhoborov. Izd.
Vladimira Chertkova 3. Sostavili P. Birjukov, I. Tregubov, V. Chertkov. Posleslovie L. N. Tolstogo. London: Tchertkoff, 1897. English translation in Essays, Letters, Miscellanies, by L. N. Tolstoy, voi. 1, 304-09. New York: Scribner’s, 1911; and in Patriotism: Slavery of our Times, edited by Nathan Dole, 304-09. New York: Crowell, 1928. —, 1908. Dukhobortsy: sborník statej, vospominanij, pisem і drugikh dokumentov. Izd. Posrednika 689. St. Petersburg: Kushnerev. —, (Paul Birukoff) 1911. “The Dukhobor movement.” In The Life of Tolstoy, 131-35. London: Cassell and Co. —, 1923. Biografija Ľva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Vol. 3, 241-42, 257-59, 299-303: vol. 4, 15-20, 72. Moscow: Gosizdat. —, 1938. “Gonenie na khristian v Rossii v 1895 g.” In Letopisi Gosudarstvennogo literaturnogo muzeja. Kniga 2: L. N. Tohtoj, 6-11. Moscow: Gos. lit. muzej. Birjukov, P. L, and V. G. Chertkov 1897. Polozhenie dukhoborov na Kavkaze v 1896 godu, i neobkhodimye sredstva oblegchenija ikh uchasti. Croydon, UK: Izd. Vladimira Chertkova. Birkhead, Alice. 1966. “The reformer of the East.” In Heroes ofModern Europe, 216-27. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press. Reprint of 1913 publication. Black, J. Laurence. 2000. “Imperial Russia at the turn of the twentieth century: vola tile cross-currents in the Doukhobor homeland.” In Donskov, Woodsworth, and Gaffield, 49-54. —, 2001. The Peasant Kingdom: Canada in the 19th-Century Russian Imagination. Ottawa: Penumbra Press. —, 2003. Everything You Want To Know About Canadian-Russian Relations: Catalogue of Research Holdings. Compiled by Lindsay Kent. Ottawa:
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Blum, J. 1961. Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Bolshakoff, Serge. 1950. Russian Nonconformity. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Bonch-Bruevich, V. 0„ ed. 1900. Spisok psalmov, pisem, razskazov і drugikh rukopise] po izsledovaniju uchenija, zhizni i pereselenija v Kanadu zakavkazskikh dukhobortsev, s prilozheniem bibliograficheskago ukazatelja literatury po dukhoborcheskomu voprosu. Geneva: Ukrainskaja tipografija. —, ed. 1901. Pis’ma dukhoborcheskogo rukovoditelja Petra Vasiľevicha Verigina. Materiały к istorii і izucheniju russkogo sektantstva 1. Christchurch, UK: Svobodnoe Slovo. —, 1905. “К istorii russkago dukhoborchestva.” Obrazovanie [St. Petersburg], № 9: 27-56; № 10:145-203; N° 11/12: 52-80. —, 1908. Baptisty, Beguny, Dukhobortsy, L. Tohtoj 0 skopchestve, Pavlovtsy, Pomortsy, Staroobrjadtsy, Skoptsy, Shtundisty. St. Petersburg. —, 1918. Dukhobortsy v kanadskikh prerijakh. Petrograd: Izd. Zhizn’ i znanie. See esp. Chap. 1,10-12. —, 1934. “Ko vsem dukhobortsam.” Kanadski]gudok [Winnipeg], N° 153 (9 May). —, comp. 1909. Zhivotnaja kniga dukhobortsev. St. Petersburg. 2nd ed. Reprint, Winnipeg: Union of Doukhobors of Canada, 1954. Also published in English translation as Book of Life of the Doukhobors. Saskatoon: Doukhobor Societies of Saskatchewan, 1978. Bondarev, Timofej (Bondareff, Timothé), and L. N. Tolstoj (Tolstoi). 1890. Léon Tolstoï et Timothé Bondareff. Le travail Traduit du russe par V. Tseytline et A. Pagès. Paris, 1890. Translated in English (from the French) by Mary
Cruger as Labour: the divine command. Made known, augmented and edited by Count Lyof Tohtoy [at head of title: The suppressed book of the peasant Bondareff]. Toronto, 1890. Bondarev, Timofej. 1906. Torzhestvo zemledel’tsa, Hi trudoljubie і tunejadstvo. Moscow: Posrednik. Borisova, 1.1994. Neizvestny] Tolstoj. V arkhivakh Rossit і SShA. Moscow: Tekhna-շ. Breyfogle, Nicholas. 1995. “Building Doukhoboriia: religious culture, social identity and Russian colonization in Transcaucasia, 1845-1895.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, N° 3: 24-51. —, 2000. “Rethinking the origins of the Doukhobor arms-burning: 1886-1893.” In Donskov, Woodsworth, and Gaffield, 55-82. —, 2005. Heretics and Colonizers: Forging Russia’s Empire in the South Caucasus. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Brock, Peter. 1964-65. “Vasya Pozdnyakov’s Dukhobor narrative.” Slavonic East European Review, voi. 43, № 100 (December), 152-76; N° 101 (June): 400-14. Reprinted as Vasya Pozdnyakov’s Dukhobor Narrative. New York: School of International Affairs, Columbia University, n.d. —, ed. 1972. “Russian sectarian pacifism: The Tolstoyans.” Pacifism in Europe to 1914, 442-70. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. —, 1991. Freedom from War: Nonsectarian Pacifism, 1814-1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. —, 1992. A Brief History ofPacifism from fesus to Tolstoy. Toronto. —, 2003. “A light shining in darkness.’ Tolstoï and the imprisonment of conscien tious objectors in imperial Russia.” Slavonic East European Review, voi. 81, N° 4: 683-97. 427
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Brock, Peter, and John Keep, eds. 2001. Life in a Penal Battalion of the Imperial Russian Army: The Tolstoyan N. T. Iziumchenko’s Story. Translated by John L. H. Keep. York, UK: William Sessions Ltd. Bruford, W. H. 1947. “The Peasant.” Chekhov and his Russia. London: Kegan Paul: 38-75. Bulanzhe, P. A. (Paul Boulanger). 1954. Correspondence. In PSS 70:86-87; PSS 71:115-16. Bulgakov, V. F. 1917. Khristianskaja etika. Sistematicheskie ocherki mirovozzrenija L.N. Tolstogo. Reprint, Ekaterinburg: TOO Al’fa, 1994. Also appears in Eli A. PopofFs English translation as “Christian Ethics,” in four parts. Iskra, 1 April-i July 2011. Bumgardner, April. 2001. “The Doukhobors: History, Ideology and the Tolstoy-Verigin Relationship.” Mphil dissertation, University of Glasgow. Burlakova, T. T, ed. 2002. Tolstovskij sborník 2002. Aktuaľnye problemy izuchenija nasledijo L.N. Tolstogo. Tula, Russia: Izd. TPGU im. L.N. Tolstogo. Burlakova, Tamara. 1995. “Leopold Sulerzhitsky and the voyage of the Doukhobors to Canada.” In TarasoiF and Robert Klymasz, 101-09. Busch, R. L. 1977. “Nature and natural man in early Tolstoi.” Canadian Slavonic Papers, voi. 19, № 1:16-32. Butkievich, T. B„ and V. M. Skvortsov 1897. “Tolstovstvo kak sekta.” Missionerskoe obozrenie [St. Petersburg], t. 2, kn. 1,807-43. Buyniak, V. 0.1969. “Aylmer Maude on the practical application of the non-resistance doctrine and its implication in establishment of Tolstoyan and Doukhobor colo nies.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 1: N° 2 (December), 87-94. —, 1978. “Tolstoy and the
Doukhobors.” Chelsea Journal [Saskatoon], voi. 4, N° 3: 151-55· Bychkov, S. P. 1947. “Tolstoj і problema naroda. 50-60-e gody.” In Istoriko-literaturnyj sborník, 384-452. Moscow. Camfielđ, G. P. 1990. “The Pavlovtsy of Khar’kov Province, 1886-1905: Harmless sectarians or dangerous rebels?” Slavonic East European Review, voi. 68, N° 4: 692-717. Canadian Slavonic Papers. 1979. Voi. 21, N° 3. “Tolstoy Symposium” issue. Chertkov, V. G. 1897. Christian Martyrdom in Russia: Persecution ofthe Spirit-Wrestlers (or Doukhobortsi) in the Caucasus. Concluding chapter and letter by L.N. Tolstoy. London: Brotherhood Publishing Co., 1897. Reprint, Toronto: G.N. Morang. —, 1900. Christian Martyrdom in Russia: Persecution of the Doukhobors. 2nd ed. Concluding chapter and letter by L. N. Tolstoy; account of the emigration to Cyprus and Canada. London: Free Age Press. —, ed. 1918. Lev Tolstoj i russkie tsari. Chertkov, V. G., and A. K. Chertkova. 1902. Dukhobortsy v distsiplinarnom batal’one. Svobodnoe Slovo 53; Materiały к istorii і izucheniju russkago sektantstva 4. Christchurch, UK: Tchertkoff. Chesterton, Gilbert K. 1968. “Tolstoy and the cult of simplicity?’ In Varied Types, 12546. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press. Reprint of 1903 publication. Christian, Reginald F. 1988. “The road to Yasnaya Polyana: some pilgrims from Britain and their reminiscences.” Slavonic East European Review, voi. 66, N° 4:526-52. Chulos, Chris J. 2003. Converging worlds: Religion and community in peasant Russia, 1861-1917. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. Cockerell, Sydney. 1940. “Count Leo
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LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS —, 1987. “An international happening in Western Canada: the unveiling of two Leo Tolstoy statues.” Iskra, № 1648: 23-25,41-43. —, 1988. “Mysli u pamjatnika Ľvu Tolstomu” (trans. È. Solovev). Golos rodiny [Moscow], № 1 (2613), Jan., 13. —, ed. 1995· From Russia with Love: The Doukhobors. Special issue of Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, № 3. —, comp, and ed. 1998. Spirit-Wrestlers’ Voices. Ottawa: Legas. —, 2002. Spirit Wrestlers: Doukhobor Pioneers’ Strategies for Living. Book and CD-ROM. Ottawa: Legas Spirit-Wrestlers Publishing. —, 2007. “Tolstoy and the Doukhobors.” Paper presented at the First Global Nonkilling Leadership Forum, Hawaii, 1-4 November. —, n.d. Spirit Wrestlers. Website: www.spirit-wrestlers.com. Tarasoff, Koozma J„ and Robert Klymasz, eds. 1995. Spirit Wrestlers: Centennial Papers in Honour of Canada’s Doukhobor Heritage. Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies 67. Hull, QC: Canadian Museum of Civilization. Tarasov, N. P„ comp. 1959. L.N. Tolstoj i krest’jane: iz dokumentov Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Tuľskoj oblasti. Tula, Russia. Tarasova, Irina. 1995. “Doukhobor materials in the collections of the museum of reli gious history in St Petersburg.” In Tarasoff and Robert Klymasz, 217-33. Teasdale, Wayne. 2000. The Mystic Heart. Novato, CA: New World Library. Terletskij, V. 1.1911. “Sekta dukhoborov.” In Russkie sektanty, ikh uchenie, kul’t i sposoby propagandy, edited by M. A. Kal’nev, 12. Odessa. Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. 2014. “Tolstoy’s Canadian Doukhobors return to Russia over 100 years after fleeing.” Moscow
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LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Vanek, Anthony L, and Regna Darnell. 1971. “Canadian Doukhobor Russian in Grand Forks (BC): some social aspects.” In Linguistic Diversity in Canadian Society, edited by Regna Darnell, 267-90. Edmonton, AB, and Champagne, IL: Linguistic Research. Vejksan, V. A. 1959. L.N. Tolstoj — narodnyj uchitel’. Moscow: Uchpedgiz. Velikanova, Natal’ja, and Robert Vittaker (Whittaker), eds. 2004. L.N. Tolstoj і SShA. Perepiska. Moscow: IMLI RAN. Verigin, Grigory. 1935. Ne v sile Bog, a vpravdě. Paris: Dreyfus Charpentier. Excerpt (Chap. 8) available in an English translation by Galina Alexeyeva (Alekseeva) and Larry Ewashen at http://www.doukhobor.org/Grigory-Verigin.html. Verigin, John J. (Ivan Ivanovich) Sr. 1978. “Dukhobortsy pomnjat Tolstogo.” Iskra, № 1484:50-63. Verigin, Pëtr Vasil’evich. 1901. Pis’ma dukhborcheskago rukovoditelja Petra Vasil’evicha Verigina. Izd. Svobodnago slova 47. Edited by Vladimir Bonch-Bruevich, preface by V. G. Chertkov and Anna Chertkova. Christchurch, UK: Tchertkoif. Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. 1968. The Peasant in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Wasiolek, Edward. 1978. Tolstoy’s Major Fiction. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Weisbein, Nicolas, i960. “Tolstoi et les Doukhobors.” Pièce № 2 in “Notes et docu ments.” In Dévolution religieuse de Tolstoi', edited by N. Weisbein, 476-81. Paris: Librairie des Cinq Continents. Wilkinson, Myler. 1992. “Tolstoy and the Doukhobors.” Paper delivered at the Institute of World Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, May.
—, 2007. “Being on the land: Histories at the confluence.” Symposium on the people of the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers. Selkirk, BC: Mir Press. Also available at https://tinyurl.com/beingontheland. —, 2014. “Tolstoy at the Mir Centre for Peace — The Long Tradition.” Peace and Conflict Monitor. Last modified 18 July. Available at http://www.monitor.upeace. org/archive.cfm?id_article=io58. Woodcock, George 1989. “Russian writers and the Doukhobors.” Canadian Literature, N° 120:110-14. —, 1995. “James Mavor, Peter Kropotkin, Lev Tolstoy and the Doukhobors.” In Tarasoff and Klymasz, 95-101. Woodcock, George, and Ivan Avakumovic. 1968. The Doukhobors. Toronto: Oxford University Press. Woodsworth, John. 1995. “Attitude and character transformation as revealed in the cor respondence of Tolstoy and Verigin.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, № 3:245-51. —, comp. 1997. The Doukhobors 1895-1943. CRCR Document Series 8. 2nd ed. (rev.). Ottawa: Centre for Research on Canadian-Russian Relations, Carleton University. —, 1998. “Recent and current studies on the Doukhobors at Ottawa universities.” In Spirit-Wrestlers’ Voices, edited and compiled by Koozma J. Tarasoff, 313-26. Ottawa: Legas. —, comp., trans., and annot. 1999a. Russian Roots Canadian Wings: Russian Archival Documents on the Doukhobor Emigration to Canada. Ottawa: Penumbra Press. —, 1999b. “Novye perspektivy na istorijų dukhobortsev.” Iskra, № 1878: 13-16. Translated in English as “New perspectives on the history of the Doukhbors.” Iskra, № 1879:71-75. 444
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Note: This index covers all texts in Part I and Part II, as well as the Doukhobor Timeline and the filial tribute to Eli A. Popoff in the Appendices. A Abraham (prophet) — 170, 356 Abrams, I. — 115 Alekhin, M. V. — 78, 387,393 Aleksandra Fedorovna (Empress) — 153, 260-261, 324, 370 Bellows, J. T. — 78, 214, 367, 388 Bers, A. A.֊ 151 Bers, S. A. — see Tolstaja, S. A Bertrand, P. — xvii Bienstock, J. W. — xxiv Birjukov, P. I. — 32, 58,78,80-81, 83, 85, 102, 107,109, 111, 254,260,263, 281, 302-303, 315, 368-369, 391-394, 396, 399-400, 402-403,406-408,410-411 Bismarck, O. v. — 72 Black, J. L. — xi, xvi Bodjanskij, A. M. — 39, 50, 53-54, 70,79,81, 86, 165-166, 188, 349-350, 368-369, 388, 391, 398-399, 402-403,408-409, 413 Bogoraz-Tan, V. G. — 175, 358 Bol’shaja partija [Large Party] — 8, 336, 367 Bolshakoff, S. — 3 Bolsheviks — 17,41, 307 Alekseeva (Alexeeva), G. — 224 Alexander III (Tsar) — xix, 261,267, 307 Alexander II (Tsar) — 9, 44, 56 Alexander I (Tsar) — 7, 366 Allen, J. S. — 241, 242 Ambrosius of Ekaterinoslav (Archbishop) — xx, 365 Ambrosius of Khar’kov (Archbishop) — 56 Amicus — 63, 64 Amiel, H. F. — 46 Anderson — xxv, 12 Androsov, F. — 247 Androsov, M. — 154, 326, 392 Annooshka — 380 Bonch-Bruevich, V. O. — xxiv, 5,16,90, 105, 127, 254, 313, 315, 345-346, 352, 372, 374 Bondarev, T. M. — xii, 30-31, 34-36, 40,119, 205, 390 Boulanger (Bulanzhe), P. — 50, 52, 80-81, 83, Anosova I. — 378 Antipin, A. A. — 41 Antonius (Archimandrite) — 66-67 Archer, H. — 96, 179,282-283,289-290, 292-293, 337-338, 342, 402, 409 150, 260, 303, 307 Bourne, R. — 228 Bratstvo pravednykh
[Brotherhood of the Atamanenko, A. — 377 Avakumovic, I. — xxiv, 5, 16, 18, 50 Righteous] — 247 Breyfogle, N. — 224 В Brock, P. — xxiv, 50, 52,102, 119, 122 Babists — 110 Ballou, A. — 49,103 Baptists — 55 Bumgardner, A. — xxv, 20,132 Bunin, S. G. — 228 Butkevich, T. V. (Archpriest) — 61, 299 Barykova, A. P. — 103 Buyniak, V. O. — xxiv, 57 Byrdin, S. - 81, 391 Beethoven, L. v. — 95 Bejlin, A. I. — 86,414 Bélisle, J. — xii Bellamy, E. — 49 C Campagnolo, I. (Lt-Governor) — 227 449
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS E Catherine II (Empress Catherine the Great) —7 Chekhov, A. P. — 46 Chernov, Ju. — 21,205,228,279, 308, 375 Chertkova, A. K. — 169, 189,301, 319, 323, 344, 352, 391-392, 397,401,403-404, 407,410,412 Chertkov, V. G. — xxii, 4-5, 10,12-13, 32, 38,50, 55, 57-58, 65, 70, 77-80, 83-85, Edgerton, W. — 50-52 Edmonds, R. — 241 Edward (King) — 177 Egoshin, M. — 86, 416 E. Ja. — 73 Elijah (prophet) — Ш Èlpidin, M. К. — 109, 315 Emerson, C. — 47 Eremeev, P. E. — 87,414 Ershova, O. E. — 74 Evans (Judge) — 381 Ewashen, L. — xvi, xxvi, 13-14, 23,83,208, 212,225,227, 375, 377 87-88,102, 111, 116-117,126, 128, 168-169, 189, 254, 260, 265,273, 275, 289,295,298, 301, 303, 313, 321, 334, 337, 343-344, 347, 351-352, 354, 367, 369-370, 372-373, 387-392, 394-413 Chistjakov (the Cleanser) — see Verigin, P. P. F Chopin, F. — 95 Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB) — 14 Fasters — see Postniki Fersen, N. — 44 Fofanov, A. A. — 172-175,276 Clarkson, A. (Governor-General) — 376 Community Doukhobors — 13, 15 Connors, T. — 227 Conovaloff, A. — xvii, 212, 224-225, 229-231 Constantine (Emperor) — 110 Frank, S. L. — 23 Frantz, C. — 13 Fraser, H. — 213 Freedomites — see Svobodniki Friends of Tolstoy — 209,211-212 Crosby, E. — 65,95, 294, 343, 396, 401,404 Fudel, I. (Father) — 56 Fukai — 147 D Degtjarev, P. T. — 66 Demens, P. A. — 70, 72, 358,405 Demuth, M. — 233 Descartes, R. — 203 Diocletian (Emperor) — 107 Diterikhs, I. K. — 189,301, 319, 394, 404,412 G Gabiik, S. — 242 Gaffield, C. — xxvi, 215, 375 Gamaliel (Pharisee) — 112 Gandhi, M. — 46,
208,253,255, 376, 380 Garrison, W. L. Sr. — 103,105-106, 294, 343 Gashkene-Chervinskene, E. — 120 Dolgov, N. — 120 Donskov, A. — xiii, xvii, xx, xxv-xxvi, xxviii, 6, 9,1 lvl4, 16,23-27, 30-32, 34, 36, 39, 41-42, 45, 52, 84, 89, 91, 96-97,99, 117, 119Vİ20,126, 131, 159,215,222, 237,241, 250,259,272, 303-305, 328, 335, 343, 351, 358-359, 375-378, 422 Dostoevsky, F. — 24,28, 64, 304 Drozhzhin, E. N. — 119 Gastev, P. N. — 31, 81, 391 George, H. — 34, 51, 294,304 Gibson, J. — 82, 394 Gilder, J. L. — 213 Gladkova, L. — xi Gladwin, J. L.— 117 Gnevushev, M. V. — 62-63 Dukh-i-zhizniki [Sprit-and-lifers] — 230 Dunaev, A. N. — 39,83, 186, 300, 360-361, 393, 396-397,406 Dunn, E. — xii, 36, 231 Dunn, S. — 231 Dymovskaja, M. — 187-188, 373 Golinenko, O. —101-102 Golitsyn, G. S. (Prince) — 6-7,11, 53, 85, 87, 91,94-95,153,175, 262, 266-269,275, 277-278, 285-287, 305, 319, 321, 324, 397-398, 401,411 Golubeva, A. — 187, 373 450
INDEX OF NAMES Golubov, V. — 179 Jones (Doctor) — 332, 335-336 Goncharov, I. — 71 Gorbachev, M.S. (Soviet leader) — 22,229 Gorbunov-Posadov, 1.1. — 367 Jones, H. — 210 Gospodnij — see Verigin P. V. Gramolin, A. B. — 250 Kabatoff, J. — xii, xvii, xxvi, 47, 225,232-233, 237 Grebenshchikov (Colonel) — 11 Greenwood, J. — 44 Gridchin, D. N. — 187,373 Grodetskaja, A. G. — 34 Gromova (Gromova-Opuľskaja), L. D. — v, xiii, xxvi, 23,25-27,32, 55, 117, 120,124, 126,132 Gudzij, N. К, —125-126 Gustafson, R. Б. — xxvi, 34,47 Kakhovskij (Governor) — 365 Kalinina, N. — xi, 224 К H Kalmykova, L. V. — 8,14, 72,101,108, 367 Kalmykov, 1.1. — 207, 224, 367 Kanigan, E — 207,211 Kanigan, M. — 211 Kanigan, V. — 207, 212 Kanygina, V. — 217 Kapustin, S. — 249, 366 Karbasnikov, N. P. — 96 Karush, S. — 208 Kashirin, A. — 50-51 Kazakov, M. — 199 Hadikin — see Makortoff, P. F. Harijits —110 Harley (Mrs) —95 Harshenin, J. — xii Keep, J. — 119, 193, 260 Kenworthy, J. — xxii, 79,107, 388-389 Haugh, R. — 44,49 Heier, E. — 3, 30, 43, 47 Khilkov, D. A. (Prince) — 40,44, 50, 53-54, 58, 61, 70,74, 77-80, 83,85, 94, 106, 160, Herod (King) — 7, 112 Holman, M. J. de К. — xxiv, xxvi, 57, 266 Hughes, L. — 212 175, 263-265, 268,278, 283, 293-294, 300, 333-334, 339-341, 343-344, 368, 371-373, 387, 389, 391, 398, 402-406, 408 Khlysts ֊ 55, 57,110 I Khudjakov, N. F. — 96, 313, 347, 354, 361, 388, 396 Igumnova, Ju. I. — 172 Independent Doukhobors — 18,20 Inikova, S. — xxiv, xxvi, 4, 13,19, 51-52, 57, 224, 365 Ivanov, A. R — 99, 332 Ivanov, N. N. — 78, 368, 387 Ivanovski), N. I. — 60-61 Ivin, I. — 151, 263-264, 321, 349,
371 King, M. L. Jr. — 208, 253, 376 Klibanov, A. I. — xxiv, 17, 231 Klioutchanski, A. — xii, xxvi, 83 Kokhomskij, S. — 60 Kolesnikoff, J. — xxiv-xxv, 13 Kolesnikoff, N. ֊ xxiv Kolesnikov, S. — 4,19 Izjumchenko, N. T. — 119 Kolstø, P. — 50 Koni, A. E — 41 Konkin, I. — 14,53-54, 87, 179-181, 186, J Jablonskij-Sokolovskij, P. V. — 86-87,415 Jahn, G. — 34 361, 372, 409, 412 Kontsevich, I. M. — 251 Järnefelt, A. — 85,402,408 Kosovanov, A. — 31 Jesus (of Nazareth) — 5, 7,24, 39-40,45-46, 49-50, 54, ill-112,128, 140, 220-221, 234, 246,260-261 Kozitskij, E — 66 Kropotkin, P. A. (Prince) — xxv, 11,70,83, Jmaeff, A. — 209,210 John (Saint) — 111 183, 264, 370 Kuznetsov, P. A. — 86,413 451
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Molchanov, P. — 86, 412 Molokans (Spiritual Christians) — xvii, xx, xxiii, 21,31, 36-40,43, 52, 55-57, 59-60, 66, 69, 100, 103, ПО, 119,125,155, 215, 228,230, 231,326 Montizambert (Doctor) — 92, 292, 332, 335, L Langlet, V. — 113 Large Party — see Bol'shaja partija Lee, A. — 44 Lordly, the — see Verigin P. V. Luke (Saint) — 65,128,176, 200 336 Mormons — 55 Morozova, V. A. — 80,369,389,397 M Majer, E. — 179 Makaroff, P. G. (lawyer) — 20, 380 Morozov, I. — 36 Mukhortov, I. — 151 Makarova, V. — 224,377 Makaseev, V. A. — 191, 413 Makhortov, I. F. - 187-188, 371, 373 Makhortov, P. — 263, 321, 349 Makhortov, P. F. - 263, 371 Makovitskij, D. (Doctor) — 187,194, 389 Malaja partija [Smaller Party] — 8, 336, 367 Mamotov, E. (Sgt-Major) — 11 Mukhortov, P. — 151 Muravív, M. N. (Count) — 11, 319,321 Muravïv, N. К. — 175 Mürer, E. — 214 Muret, M. — 56 Mandelker, A. — 47 Markova, A. — 383 Marks, A. F. — 124, 310, 352, 404-405 Mark (Saint) — 140 Marshall, S. — 232 Masutari, K. — 147 Matthew (Saint) — 121 Maude, A. — xxiv, 5, 50, 83, 85,160,175-176, 179,213, 221, 264-265,281, 340,345, 371, 393,402-403,409-412 Maupassant, G. de — 46 Mavor, J. — xi, xxii, xxv, 12,16, 83, 100, 183-184, 264,294, 342-343, 370, 397,410 McGirr, S. — xii McIntosh, J. — xi, xxv McLean, H. — 50 Mealing, F. M. — 5 Mennonites — xx, 15, 20-21, 103, 228,264, 342, 366 Meríshin, G. P. — 39 Metzele, J. — 23, 34 Mifodij (Saint) — 179 Mikhajlovich, N. — 87, 111, 135, 165, 175, 300, 303, 315, 367, 368, 410-412 Miljukov, P. — 3 Miljutin, J. N. — 92, 267, 268 Mitskevich, Ju. —
94,267-268,277, 319 N Nakashidze (Princess) — 10 Nazaroff, A. — 379 Neave, J. J. — 78, 367 Ne'er-do-wells — see Shaloputians Nicholas I (Tsar) — 8, 38, 51, 111, 115, 125, 153,166, 249, 260, 307, 324, 357, 372, 392,409 Nikifor (Archbishop) — xx, 365 Nikiforova, T. G. — xi, 224, 259,418 Nikolaj (Bishop of Tauride) — 61 Nikolaj Mikhajlovich (Grand Prince) — 87, 175, 410-412 Nikon (Patriarch) — 3,125 Nobel, A. — 112 Norwegian Nobel Committee — 113 Novikov, M. — xii, 30, 40-43,126, 205 Novitskij, O. — 5, 367 Novokshonov, O. E. — 172-175, 410-411 О Ob’idkov, V. — 78, 368,390 Obolenskaja, M. L. — 85, 171,187,402,404, 408 Old Believers (Old Ritualists) — 3,125,126, 365 Oľkhovik,P. V — 119 Orlov, P. — 87, 412 Orlov, V. F. — 84, 399 Ovsjaniko-Kulikovskij, D. N — 31 Moher, F. — 97 Mokronosova, K. T. — 247 452
INDEX OF NAMES P Putin V-229 Pagès, A. — 35 Pankoff, V. — 238 Pashkovites — 55-56 Pashkov, V. A. — 43,55 Pavlovtsy — 43 Pavlusha — see Planidin P.V. Perry, S. — 5 Q Quakers — xx-xxii, 11, 20-21,44, 53, 70, 78, 96, 103,210,213-214,228, 260, 263-265, 266, 281,283,290-291, 337-338, 342, 344, 367, 370 R Philip (Prince) — 383 Pilate, P. — 7,112 Planidin, P. V. (Pavlusha) — 187, 191,194, 207, 215,249-250,308, 373,415 Pobedonostsev, K. P. — 11, 38,69,307, 318 Pobirokhin, I. — 19 Podovinikoff, A. ֊ 229, 378 Podovinikoff, E. — 229, 378 Poljakov, S. O. — 151,402 Ponomarev — 88, 166, 390, 409 Popoff, A. I. — 379 Popoff, D. E. (Popov D. I./Jim) — 13, 206, 208, 225, 227-229 Rachinskaja, M. K. — 90,305, 329 Radstock — xxiii, 43,55 Rajskij, P. P. — 86 Rak, J. ֊ 224,237-238 Remizov, V. B. — xi Rezansoff, P — 211 Rilkoff, D. — 227,248, 380 Rjabov— 191 Rodina Society — 21,206, 228,254, 375 Roka, T. — 147 Rolland, R. — 251, 373 Rostova, N. — 27, 65 Rousseau, J.-J. — 25 Rozanov, V. V. — 55, 65 Rozinkin, W. M. — 228 Rybin, S. — 184, 199 Popoff, E. A. (Popov I. A.) — xii, xvii, xxvi, xxviii, 4-5, 12,133, 206-207,215, 223-224, 227-228, 245, 378-379, 384 Popoff, K. T. ֊ 379 Popoff, L. (Lillian) — 227 Popoff, V. (Vanya) — 383 Popov, A. I. — 245 Popov, E. I. — 79, 85-86, 88, 134, 149, 302, 351, 369, 388-389, 409, 414 S Sabbatarians — see Subbotniki Sabler, V. К. — 56 Saltykov-Shchedrin, M. E. — 163 Salykina, M. — 247 Popov, K. — 57,400 Popov, M. — 273-274 Popov, V - 91,261, 273, 288, 416 Salykin, P. — 247 Sanborn, J. — xxiv, 18, 105-106,224 Sbrocchi, L. — xvi Schmidt, M. A. — 79-80, 369, 389
Postniki [Fasters] — 9 Potapoff, V A. — 191 Potapova, A. T. — 156 Potapov, V. — 88,166, 199, 261, 396-397, Schmitt, E. H. — xxii, 78, 81, 368, 387-391, 410 404, 409 Pozdnjakov, V. N. — 102, 160 Poznikoff, L. — xii Semenov, S. — 46 Seminoff, C. — 211 Seminoff, P. J. — 228 Semjakin, G. — 52 Praga, E. — 11 Prattis, I. — 378 Prokhanov, A. S. — 41 Prokhanov, I. S. — 41, 58 Prugavin, A. S. — 39 Sereda, K. — 119 Serezha (Sergunja) — see Tolstoy, S. L. Sergeev, I. M. — 86, 411 Shakers — xxv, 44 Shakespeare, W. — 46 Pryguny [Jumpers] — 230 Pushkin, A. S. — 66, 346 Shaloputíans (Ne’er-do-wells) — 55 453
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Shcherbakova, M. — xi, 41,55 Svobodniki (Freedomite sect, Sons of Freedom) Shcherbakov, V. — 172-175 Sheremetev, S. A. — 9 Swedbh Academy — 115 — 13,51 Shervashidze (Prince) — 9-10,105, 267, 289, 369 Swetlishoff-Verigin, S. — xvii Syromjatnikov, S. N. (Sigma) — 72, 318 Shesterikov, S. — 31 Shkarvan, A. A. — 80, 301, 389, 410 T Sifton, C. — 182, 370 Tarasoff, K. J. — xii, xvii, xxvi, 12-13,20,22, Sigma — see Syromjatnikov S. N. Šilbajoris, R. — xxvi, 31 207,212,224-226,231,239, 253, 377-378 Taylor, W. — 92,292-293, 328 Simmons, E. J. — 239,242 Sjutaev, V. K. — 30-31, 42,205 Teasdale, W. — 243 Tikhomirov, L. A. — 61 Skoptsy — xxv, 39, 55 Titov, F. — 57-58 Skorokhodov, V. I. — 86, 402 Tod (Hindu) — 146 Skvortsov, V. M. — 52-54, 58-59, 66-70 Tolstaja, A. L. — 124, 348 Slivitskaja, O. — 25 Smaller Party — see Malaja partija Tolstaja, M. L. — 309 Smirnoŕf-Donskov, N. — xvii Tolstaja, M. N. (née Volkonskaja) — 366 Sokoťnikov, P. N. — 87,246, 344, 405, 408-409 Tolstaja, T. L. — 300, 332, 335, 337, 342, 344, Tolstaja, O. K. - 189, 313,344, 414 391,395,402 Soldatenkov, K. T. — 83, 389, 393, 398 Sons ofFreedom — see Svobodniki Soukeroff, W. A. — 212 Tolstaja (Tolstaya), S. A. (née Bers) — xxviii, Spiritual Christians — see Molokans Tolstoy, A. L, — 300 Sreznevskij, V. I. — 120,122 Stadling, J. — xxii, 116, 348 Stalin — 251 Tolstoyans — xxi, xxiv, xxvi, 7,9,49-59,61, Stepanov, A. I. — 153,162, 184, 325 Stevens, M. — xi, 266, 271, 275, 279,405 Tolstoy, I. L. — 309 98, 313 63-64, 68-70, 72-74, 98, 111, 210, 248, 260, 302, 370 Tolstoy, I. V. — 228
St. John, A. — xxii, 84-85 Tolstoy, M. L. — 300 Storting (Norwegian Parliament) — 112-113, 115 Tolstoy, N. I. — 366 Tolstoy, S. L. (Serezha, Sergunja) — xix, xxvii, Strakhov, N. N. — 62, 304, 388,418 12, 77, 84, 86-87, 89-97, 99,127,159, Struve (consul) — 183, 409 183, 187,216, 265, 305, 313, 323, 328-332, Stundists (Stundobaptists) — xx, 52,55, 58, 334-337, 339, 342-350, 352, 356-357, 63,69, 78, 81,86, 109-110, 320, 367 361, 371, 399, 401-404, 410 Subbotniki [Sabbatarians] — 119 Sulerzhitskij, L. A. — xxii, 12, 83-85, 90-91, Tolstoy, V I. — xi, 207,209, 215,229,234 94, 96, 122, 127,254,260, 264-278, 282, 284-289, 294, 305, 328, 335, 339, 342, 345, Tracie, C. — 15 371,397-401,405-406 Tregubov, I. M. — 13, 37, 51, 58,78, 80-81, Treadgold, D. W. — 5 Surovtsev (Major-General) — 11 Sushkov, B. — 33-34 86,88, 102, 111, 135,150,254, 303,315, Sutkova — 191 410,412,414 Suvorin, A. S. — 51, 80,83, 308, 348, 371, 392,400 367-369, 373, 389-395,401, 406,408, Troyat, H. — 222 Tseytline, V — 35 454
INDEX OF NAMES U Ukhtomskij, È. È. (Prince) — 11,83-84,97, 259, 261,267,308, 313,315, 323, 348, 354, 358-359, 366,372, 374-375, 377, 298, 306, 308, 313, 318-319, 321, 348, 388-389, 396, 401-402, 409-413, 415 357, 394-395, 401 Verigin, V.L. —366 Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ Verigin, V.V. —78 (USCC) — xvii, 19,206 Victoria (Queen) — 210 Union of Young Doukhobors — 227 Vinogradov, I. M. — 102 Usachov family — 246 Vlasov, A. V. — 126 Uspenskij, G. I. — 35,44 Vorobev, A. — 267, 367 V W Van der Veer, J. K. — xxii, 390, 392-393 Wasiolek, E. — 27 Velichkina, V. M, (Doctor) — 90,127, 346, Wilkinson, M. — 224, 376 372, 406 Wilson, A. N. — 222 Velikanov, P. V. — 37,391,401 Wilson, L. G. — 103 Vereshchagin (brothers) ֊ 78,184, 368 Woodcock, G. — xxiv, 5,12,16,18 Verigina, A. V. (née Kalmakova) — 366 Woodsworth, J. — xii, xvi-xvii, xxv-xxvi, Verigina, L. (Laura) — 383 5-8,11,13,16-17,23, 37,44,53-54, 70, Verigin, B. — xvii, 378 72-74,132-133,212, 215,222,259, 265, Verigin, J. ƒ. fr. — xvii, 225,233-234, 377 375 Verigin, J. J. Sr, — xvii, xxvi, 21,206,208,223, 228, 233, 375, 377 Y Verigin, P. P. (Chistjakov [the Cleanser]) — Yakovlev, A. — 229 19,133 Verigin, P. V. (Gospodnij [the Lordly]) — xv, Z xxii, xxiv-xxvii, 5, 8, 15,18-20,22, 44, Zhdanov, V. A. — 26 53, 68, 73,77-78,104, 130-131,133, 135, Zheltov, F. A. — xii, ЗО, 36, 39-41,78, 205, 137, 145,149, 151, 158,160,162, 165, 230, 387 167-169, 171-173,175-176,179-180, Zubkov, А. — 72 182, 184-185, 187-196, 200-201, 207, Zubovaja, M. N. (Countess) — 90,330 212,221,224,227, 233-234, 246,254, München 455 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FIRST EDITION XI PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION XV INTRODUCTION XIX PART I The Doukhobors and Tolstoy CHAPTER 1 The Doukhobors: An Outline of Their History and Beliefs 3 CHAPTER 2 The ‘Unity ofPeople’as Tolstoy’s Lifelong Aim 23 CHAPTER 3 Tolstoy and the Tolstoyans: State and Church Opposition 49 CHAPTER 4 The Doukhobors’Journey to Canada in the Tolstoy Family’s Correspondence 77 CHAPTER 5 The Doukhobors in Tolstoy’s Writings 101
CHAPTER 6 Tolstoy’s Correspondence with Pëtr Vasil’evich Verigin 131 Tolstoy and Verigin: Letters 1895-1910 135 CHAPTER 7 Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors Today 205 PART II Guest Essays by Three Prominent Doukhobors What Tolstoy Means to Me as an Artist, by Jan Kabatoff 237 Lev Tolstoy in My Doukhobor Family Heritage, by Eli A. Popoff 245 What Lev Tolstoy Means to Me and the Doukhobors, by Koozma J. Tarasoff 253 PART III Archival Documents on Tolstoy and the Doukhobors Excerpts from Sergej Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: A Journey to Canada 259 Excerpts Concerning the Doukhobors from S. A. Tolstaya’s Writings 297 PART IV Archival Letters on Tolstoy and the Doukhobors Archival Letters Concerning the Doukhobors 3D APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Tolstoy and the Doukhobors: A Timeline 365
APPENDIX 2 Eli A. Popoff: A Filial Tribute З 79 APPENDIX З Chronology of Tolstoys Letters on the Doukhobors (1891-1910) 385 APPENDIX 4 List ofSergej Tolstoy’s Publications 417 APPENDIX 5 Questionnaire for Doukhobors on L. N. Tolstoy 419 BIBLIOGRAPHY 423 INDEX OF NAMES 447
Abramov, Ja. V. 1884. Dukhobortsy. Moscow. Abrams, Irwin. 2001. The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates: An Illustrated Biographical History, 1901-2001. New York: Science History Publications. Afanas’ev, A. N. 1913. Narodnye russkie legendy. Moscow. Afanas’ev, E. S. 1976. “O nekotorykh osobennostjakh tvorcheskogo metoda L. N. Tolstogo pozdnego perioda.” Russkaja literatura, № ą: 159-66. Alexeeva (Alekseeva), Galina. 1995. “Literature on the Doukhobors contained in Lev N. Tolstoy’s private library in the village of Yasnaya Polyana.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, № 3: 234-44. —, 1998. “Leo Tolstoy and James Mavor.” Tolstoy Studies Journal, voi. 10,80-89. —, 2000. “James Mavor and the Doukhobors.” In Donskov, Woodsworth, and Gaffield, 149-57. Allen, James Sloan. 1998. “Tolstoy’s prophecy: ‘What is art?’ today.” The New Criterion, voi. 12, N° 4:15-21. Alston, Charlotte. 2014a. “A Great Host of Sympathisers: The Doukhobor Emigration and its International Supporters 1895-1905.” Journal of Modern European History, voi. 12, № 2 (April): 200-15. —, 2014b. Tolstoy and his Disciples. The History of a Radical International Movement. London: I.B. Tauris. Anderson, Jennifer. 1997. “Leo Tolstoy, Peter Kropotkin and James Mavor on the Doukhobors.” Master’s thesis, Carleton University. Anderson, V. M. 1908. “Dukhoborchestvo (Obshchina Vsemirnago Bratstva) i syjaz’ ego s tolstovstvom.” In Staroobrjadchestvo i sektantstvo: istoricheskij ocherk russkago religioznago raznomyslija, 371-409. St. Petersburg. Anosova, Irina A. 2006. “Canada — second homeland of the Doukhobors: integration and
cultural localization/Kanada — Moraja Rodina Dukhobortsev: filosofija ljubvi kak puť kuľturnoj integratsii.” Mir Rossii, vol. 25, № 4:198-99. Available at http:// www.spirit-wrestlers.com/excerpts/Inquirer/Anosova.html. —, 2016. “Phenomenologija kul’tury sovremennykh dukhobortsev Kanady (k voprosu o dialektike professii i konfessii).” In Professionaľnaja Kultura Spetsialista v XXI veke. Trudy nauchno prakticheskoj konferentsii. St. Petersburg. Available at https:// tinyurl.com/anosova-cdc. Anuchin, D. N. 1913. “Iz vospominanij.” In Russkie vedomosti. Sborník, 84-85. Moscow. Armytage, W. H. G. 1961. Heavens Below: Utopian Experiments in England, 1560-1960. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, and London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Arkhiv S.L. Tolstogo. Moscow: Gosudarstvennyj muzej im. L.N. Tolstogo. Arkhiv S.A. Tolstoj. Moscow: Gosudarstvennyj muzej im. L.N. Tolstogo. Ashkinazi, M.O. [Michel Delines, pseud.]. 1909. “Tolstoï et les Doukhobors.” In Bibliothèque universelle et revue Suisse. Lausanne-Genève, ser. 4, vol. 53, 5-31. 425
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Assistant Prosecutor of Elisavetpoľ Regional Court. 1898. Representation to the Prosecutor of Elisavetpoľ Regional Court, 10 February. Document #1898-03-12!) in Woodsworth 1997. English translation in Woodsworth 1999a: 90-97. Avakumovic, Ivan. 1978. “Tolstoy and the Doukhobors.” Paper delivered at the Tolstoy Symposium, University of Victoria. Ballou, Adin. 1846. Christian Non-resistance. Philadelphia: J.M. M’Kim. Bazanov, V. 1973. “Vokrug narodnykh rasskazov L.N. Tolstogo.” In Otfoľklora к narod noj knige, 297-321. Leningrad: Khudozhestvennaja literatura. Bekker, M. 1935. “L. Tolstoj i nachinajushchie pisateli iz naroda.” Literaturnaja ucheba, № ю: 130-45. Bellows, Amanda. 2014. Serfs and Slaves in the Post-Emancipation Imagination 1861191s. Washington, DC: American Councils for International Education. Berlin, Isaiah. 1967. “Tolstoy and enlightenment.” In Tolstoy, edited by Ralph Matlaw. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bienstock, J.-W. (V. L. Binshtok). 1899. “Léon Tolstoy sur les Doukhobors.” Revue blanche [Paris], vol.18 (January), 79-80. —, ed. and trans. 1902. Tolstoï et ks doukhobors: faits historiques réunis et traduits du russe. Bibliothèque sociologique, № 32. Paris: Stock. Billington, James. 1966. The Icon and the Axe: An Interpretive History of Russian Culture. New York: Vintage Books. See esp. “The sectarian tradition,” 174-80. Birjukov, P. 1.1896. “Gonenie na khristian v Rossii v 1895 g.” Carouge-Genève: Êlpidin. —, 1897. Pomogite! Obrashchenie к obshchestvu po povodu gonenij na kavkazskikh dukhoborov. Izd.
Vladimira Chertkova 3. Sostavili P. Birjukov, I. Tregubov, V. Chertkov. Posleslovie L. N. Tolstogo. London: Tchertkoff, 1897. English translation in Essays, Letters, Miscellanies, by L. N. Tolstoy, voi. 1, 304-09. New York: Scribner’s, 1911; and in Patriotism: Slavery of our Times, edited by Nathan Dole, 304-09. New York: Crowell, 1928. —, 1908. Dukhobortsy: sborník statej, vospominanij, pisem і drugikh dokumentov. Izd. Posrednika 689. St. Petersburg: Kushnerev. —, (Paul Birukoff) 1911. “The Dukhobor movement.” In The Life of Tolstoy, 131-35. London: Cassell and Co. —, 1923. Biografija Ľva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Vol. 3, 241-42, 257-59, 299-303: vol. 4, 15-20, 72. Moscow: Gosizdat. —, 1938. “Gonenie na khristian v Rossii v 1895 g.” In Letopisi Gosudarstvennogo literaturnogo muzeja. Kniga 2: L. N. Tohtoj, 6-11. Moscow: Gos. lit. muzej. Birjukov, P. L, and V. G. Chertkov 1897. Polozhenie dukhoborov na Kavkaze v 1896 godu, i neobkhodimye sredstva oblegchenija ikh uchasti. Croydon, UK: Izd. Vladimira Chertkova. Birkhead, Alice. 1966. “The reformer of the East.” In Heroes ofModern Europe, 216-27. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press. Reprint of 1913 publication. Black, J. Laurence. 2000. “Imperial Russia at the turn of the twentieth century: vola tile cross-currents in the Doukhobor homeland.” In Donskov, Woodsworth, and Gaffield, 49-54. —, 2001. The Peasant Kingdom: Canada in the 19th-Century Russian Imagination. Ottawa: Penumbra Press. —, 2003. Everything You Want To Know About Canadian-Russian Relations: Catalogue of Research Holdings. Compiled by Lindsay Kent. Ottawa:
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LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Sanborn, Josh. 1995. “Pacifist politics and peasant politics: 1895-99.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, № 3:52-71. — (Joshua A.). 2000. “Non-violent protest and the Russian state: the Doukhobors in 1895 and 1937.” In Donskov, Woodsworth, and Garfield, 83-102. Seminoff (Semenoff), Corinne. 2005. “A bridge to bake for.” Iskra, N° 1976:13-19. Semjakin, G. 1897. Letter to the Director of the Department of Police, A.P. Solomon, 21 July. GARF [State Archives of the Russian Federation]: Delo 1053, L. 564. Document #1897-07-190 in Woodsworth 1997. Shcherbakova, M. I., and M. A. Mozharova, ed. 2000a. Mirfilologii. Moscow: Nasledie. —, 2000b. “«Braťja» (Sektanty I.S. i A.S. Prokhanovy).” In Shcherbakova and Mozharova, 320-29. Sherriff, Peggy. 1959. “The Doukhobors: A selected bibliography.” Diploma thesis, University of London. Shesterikov S. 1928. “Zametka Leskova о Sjutaeve.” In Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoj. Jubilejný) sborník, edited by N. N. Gusev, 329-31. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat (Khudozhdestvennoj literatury). Shklovskij, V. B. 1963. “O dukhoborakh і o «Voskresenii».” In Lev Tolstoj, 701-10. Zhizn’ zamechateľnykh ljudej 6 [363]. Moscow: Molodaja gvardija. Appears in English as ‘About the Dukhobors and Resurrection” in Lev Tolstoy by Victor Shklovsky, trans lated by Olga Shartse, 643-52. Moscow: Progress. Sidorov, N. P. 1911. “Krepostnye kresťjane v russkoj belletristike.” Velikaja Reforma: Russkoe obshchestvo i kresťjanskij vopros v proshlom i nastojashchem, t. 3. Moscow: Izd. Sytina. Signori, Dolores A., comp. 1989. Guide to the
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LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS —, 1987. “An international happening in Western Canada: the unveiling of two Leo Tolstoy statues.” Iskra, № 1648: 23-25,41-43. —, 1988. “Mysli u pamjatnika Ľvu Tolstomu” (trans. È. Solovev). Golos rodiny [Moscow], № 1 (2613), Jan., 13. —, ed. 1995· From Russia with Love: The Doukhobors. Special issue of Canadian Ethnic Studies, voi. 27, № 3. —, comp, and ed. 1998. Spirit-Wrestlers’ Voices. Ottawa: Legas. —, 2002. Spirit Wrestlers: Doukhobor Pioneers’ Strategies for Living. Book and CD-ROM. Ottawa: Legas Spirit-Wrestlers Publishing. —, 2007. “Tolstoy and the Doukhobors.” Paper presented at the First Global Nonkilling Leadership Forum, Hawaii, 1-4 November. —, n.d. Spirit Wrestlers. Website: www.spirit-wrestlers.com. Tarasoff, Koozma J„ and Robert Klymasz, eds. 1995. Spirit Wrestlers: Centennial Papers in Honour of Canada’s Doukhobor Heritage. Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies 67. Hull, QC: Canadian Museum of Civilization. Tarasov, N. P„ comp. 1959. L.N. Tolstoj i krest’jane: iz dokumentov Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Tuľskoj oblasti. Tula, Russia. Tarasova, Irina. 1995. “Doukhobor materials in the collections of the museum of reli gious history in St Petersburg.” In Tarasoff and Robert Klymasz, 217-33. Teasdale, Wayne. 2000. The Mystic Heart. Novato, CA: New World Library. Terletskij, V. 1.1911. “Sekta dukhoborov.” In Russkie sektanty, ikh uchenie, kul’t i sposoby propagandy, edited by M. A. Kal’nev, 12. Odessa. Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. 2014. “Tolstoy’s Canadian Doukhobors return to Russia over 100 years after fleeing.” Moscow
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Note: This index covers all texts in Part I and Part II, as well as the Doukhobor Timeline and the filial tribute to Eli A. Popoff in the Appendices. A Abraham (prophet) — 170, 356 Abrams, I. — 115 Alekhin, M. V. — 78, 387,393 Aleksandra Fedorovna (Empress) — 153, 260-261, 324, 370 Bellows, J. T. — 78, 214, 367, 388 Bers, A. A.֊ 151 Bers, S. A. — see Tolstaja, S. A Bertrand, P. — xvii Bienstock, J. W. — xxiv Birjukov, P. I. — 32, 58,78,80-81, 83, 85, 102, 107,109, 111, 254,260,263, 281, 302-303, 315, 368-369, 391-394, 396, 399-400, 402-403,406-408,410-411 Bismarck, O. v. — 72 Black, J. L. — xi, xvi Bodjanskij, A. M. — 39, 50, 53-54, 70,79,81, 86, 165-166, 188, 349-350, 368-369, 388, 391, 398-399, 402-403,408-409, 413 Bogoraz-Tan, V. G. — 175, 358 Bol’shaja partija [Large Party] — 8, 336, 367 Bolshakoff, S. — 3 Bolsheviks — 17,41, 307 Alekseeva (Alexeeva), G. — 224 Alexander III (Tsar) — xix, 261,267, 307 Alexander II (Tsar) — 9, 44, 56 Alexander I (Tsar) — 7, 366 Allen, J. S. — 241, 242 Ambrosius of Ekaterinoslav (Archbishop) — xx, 365 Ambrosius of Khar’kov (Archbishop) — 56 Amicus — 63, 64 Amiel, H. F. — 46 Anderson — xxv, 12 Androsov, F. — 247 Androsov, M. — 154, 326, 392 Annooshka — 380 Bonch-Bruevich, V. O. — xxiv, 5,16,90, 105, 127, 254, 313, 315, 345-346, 352, 372, 374 Bondarev, T. M. — xii, 30-31, 34-36, 40,119, 205, 390 Boulanger (Bulanzhe), P. — 50, 52, 80-81, 83, Anosova I. — 378 Antipin, A. A. — 41 Antonius (Archimandrite) — 66-67 Archer, H. — 96, 179,282-283,289-290, 292-293, 337-338, 342, 402, 409 150, 260, 303, 307 Bourne, R. — 228 Bratstvo pravednykh
[Brotherhood of the Atamanenko, A. — 377 Avakumovic, I. — xxiv, 5, 16, 18, 50 Righteous] — 247 Breyfogle, N. — 224 В Brock, P. — xxiv, 50, 52,102, 119, 122 Babists — 110 Ballou, A. — 49,103 Baptists — 55 Bumgardner, A. — xxv, 20,132 Bunin, S. G. — 228 Butkevich, T. V. (Archpriest) — 61, 299 Barykova, A. P. — 103 Buyniak, V. O. — xxiv, 57 Byrdin, S. - 81, 391 Beethoven, L. v. — 95 Bejlin, A. I. — 86,414 Bélisle, J. — xii Bellamy, E. — 49 C Campagnolo, I. (Lt-Governor) — 227 449
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS E Catherine II (Empress Catherine the Great) —7 Chekhov, A. P. — 46 Chernov, Ju. — 21,205,228,279, 308, 375 Chertkova, A. K. — 169, 189,301, 319, 323, 344, 352, 391-392, 397,401,403-404, 407,410,412 Chertkov, V. G. — xxii, 4-5, 10,12-13, 32, 38,50, 55, 57-58, 65, 70, 77-80, 83-85, Edgerton, W. — 50-52 Edmonds, R. — 241 Edward (King) — 177 Egoshin, M. — 86, 416 E. Ja. — 73 Elijah (prophet) — Ш Èlpidin, M. К. — 109, 315 Emerson, C. — 47 Eremeev, P. E. — 87,414 Ershova, O. E. — 74 Evans (Judge) — 381 Ewashen, L. — xvi, xxvi, 13-14, 23,83,208, 212,225,227, 375, 377 87-88,102, 111, 116-117,126, 128, 168-169, 189, 254, 260, 265,273, 275, 289,295,298, 301, 303, 313, 321, 334, 337, 343-344, 347, 351-352, 354, 367, 369-370, 372-373, 387-392, 394-413 Chistjakov (the Cleanser) — see Verigin, P. P. F Chopin, F. — 95 Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB) — 14 Fasters — see Postniki Fersen, N. — 44 Fofanov, A. A. — 172-175,276 Clarkson, A. (Governor-General) — 376 Community Doukhobors — 13, 15 Connors, T. — 227 Conovaloff, A. — xvii, 212, 224-225, 229-231 Constantine (Emperor) — 110 Frank, S. L. — 23 Frantz, C. — 13 Fraser, H. — 213 Freedomites — see Svobodniki Friends of Tolstoy — 209,211-212 Crosby, E. — 65,95, 294, 343, 396, 401,404 Fudel, I. (Father) — 56 Fukai — 147 D Degtjarev, P. T. — 66 Demens, P. A. — 70, 72, 358,405 Demuth, M. — 233 Descartes, R. — 203 Diocletian (Emperor) — 107 Diterikhs, I. K. — 189,301, 319, 394, 404,412 G Gabiik, S. — 242 Gaffield, C. — xxvi, 215, 375 Gamaliel (Pharisee) — 112 Gandhi, M. — 46,
208,253,255, 376, 380 Garrison, W. L. Sr. — 103,105-106, 294, 343 Gashkene-Chervinskene, E. — 120 Dolgov, N. — 120 Donskov, A. — xiii, xvii, xx, xxv-xxvi, xxviii, 6, 9,1 lvl4, 16,23-27, 30-32, 34, 36, 39, 41-42, 45, 52, 84, 89, 91, 96-97,99, 117, 119Vİ20,126, 131, 159,215,222, 237,241, 250,259,272, 303-305, 328, 335, 343, 351, 358-359, 375-378, 422 Dostoevsky, F. — 24,28, 64, 304 Drozhzhin, E. N. — 119 Gastev, P. N. — 31, 81, 391 George, H. — 34, 51, 294,304 Gibson, J. — 82, 394 Gilder, J. L. — 213 Gladkova, L. — xi Gladwin, J. L.— 117 Gnevushev, M. V. — 62-63 Dukh-i-zhizniki [Sprit-and-lifers] — 230 Dunaev, A. N. — 39,83, 186, 300, 360-361, 393, 396-397,406 Dunn, E. — xii, 36, 231 Dunn, S. — 231 Dymovskaja, M. — 187-188, 373 Golinenko, O. —101-102 Golitsyn, G. S. (Prince) — 6-7,11, 53, 85, 87, 91,94-95,153,175, 262, 266-269,275, 277-278, 285-287, 305, 319, 321, 324, 397-398, 401,411 Golubeva, A. — 187, 373 450
INDEX OF NAMES Golubov, V. — 179 Jones (Doctor) — 332, 335-336 Goncharov, I. — 71 Gorbachev, M.S. (Soviet leader) — 22,229 Gorbunov-Posadov, 1.1. — 367 Jones, H. — 210 Gospodnij — see Verigin P. V. Gramolin, A. B. — 250 Kabatoff, J. — xii, xvii, xxvi, 47, 225,232-233, 237 Grebenshchikov (Colonel) — 11 Greenwood, J. — 44 Gridchin, D. N. — 187,373 Grodetskaja, A. G. — 34 Gromova (Gromova-Opuľskaja), L. D. — v, xiii, xxvi, 23,25-27,32, 55, 117, 120,124, 126,132 Gudzij, N. К, —125-126 Gustafson, R. Б. — xxvi, 34,47 Kakhovskij (Governor) — 365 Kalinina, N. — xi, 224 К H Kalmykova, L. V. — 8,14, 72,101,108, 367 Kalmykov, 1.1. — 207, 224, 367 Kanigan, E — 207,211 Kanigan, M. — 211 Kanigan, V. — 207, 212 Kanygina, V. — 217 Kapustin, S. — 249, 366 Karbasnikov, N. P. — 96 Karush, S. — 208 Kashirin, A. — 50-51 Kazakov, M. — 199 Hadikin — see Makortoff, P. F. Harijits —110 Harley (Mrs) —95 Harshenin, J. — xii Keep, J. — 119, 193, 260 Kenworthy, J. — xxii, 79,107, 388-389 Haugh, R. — 44,49 Heier, E. — 3, 30, 43, 47 Khilkov, D. A. (Prince) — 40,44, 50, 53-54, 58, 61, 70,74, 77-80, 83,85, 94, 106, 160, Herod (King) — 7, 112 Holman, M. J. de К. — xxiv, xxvi, 57, 266 Hughes, L. — 212 175, 263-265, 268,278, 283, 293-294, 300, 333-334, 339-341, 343-344, 368, 371-373, 387, 389, 391, 398, 402-406, 408 Khlysts ֊ 55, 57,110 I Khudjakov, N. F. — 96, 313, 347, 354, 361, 388, 396 Igumnova, Ju. I. — 172 Independent Doukhobors — 18,20 Inikova, S. — xxiv, xxvi, 4, 13,19, 51-52, 57, 224, 365 Ivanov, A. R — 99, 332 Ivanov, N. N. — 78, 368, 387 Ivanovski), N. I. — 60-61 Ivin, I. — 151, 263-264, 321, 349,
371 King, M. L. Jr. — 208, 253, 376 Klibanov, A. I. — xxiv, 17, 231 Klioutchanski, A. — xii, xxvi, 83 Kokhomskij, S. — 60 Kolesnikoff, J. — xxiv-xxv, 13 Kolesnikoff, N. ֊ xxiv Kolesnikov, S. — 4,19 Izjumchenko, N. T. — 119 Kolstø, P. — 50 Koni, A. E — 41 Konkin, I. — 14,53-54, 87, 179-181, 186, J Jablonskij-Sokolovskij, P. V. — 86-87,415 Jahn, G. — 34 361, 372, 409, 412 Kontsevich, I. M. — 251 Järnefelt, A. — 85,402,408 Kosovanov, A. — 31 Jesus (of Nazareth) — 5, 7,24, 39-40,45-46, 49-50, 54, ill-112,128, 140, 220-221, 234, 246,260-261 Kozitskij, E — 66 Kropotkin, P. A. (Prince) — xxv, 11,70,83, Jmaeff, A. — 209,210 John (Saint) — 111 183, 264, 370 Kuznetsov, P. A. — 86,413 451
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Molchanov, P. — 86, 412 Molokans (Spiritual Christians) — xvii, xx, xxiii, 21,31, 36-40,43, 52, 55-57, 59-60, 66, 69, 100, 103, ПО, 119,125,155, 215, 228,230, 231,326 Montizambert (Doctor) — 92, 292, 332, 335, L Langlet, V. — 113 Large Party — see Bol'shaja partija Lee, A. — 44 Lordly, the — see Verigin P. V. Luke (Saint) — 65,128,176, 200 336 Mormons — 55 Morozova, V. A. — 80,369,389,397 M Majer, E. — 179 Makaroff, P. G. (lawyer) — 20, 380 Morozov, I. — 36 Mukhortov, I. — 151 Makarova, V. — 224,377 Makaseev, V. A. — 191, 413 Makhortov, I. F. - 187-188, 371, 373 Makhortov, P. — 263, 321, 349 Makhortov, P. F. - 263, 371 Makovitskij, D. (Doctor) — 187,194, 389 Malaja partija [Smaller Party] — 8, 336, 367 Mamotov, E. (Sgt-Major) — 11 Mukhortov, P. — 151 Muravív, M. N. (Count) — 11, 319,321 Muravïv, N. К. — 175 Mürer, E. — 214 Muret, M. — 56 Mandelker, A. — 47 Markova, A. — 383 Marks, A. F. — 124, 310, 352, 404-405 Mark (Saint) — 140 Marshall, S. — 232 Masutari, K. — 147 Matthew (Saint) — 121 Maude, A. — xxiv, 5, 50, 83, 85,160,175-176, 179,213, 221, 264-265,281, 340,345, 371, 393,402-403,409-412 Maupassant, G. de — 46 Mavor, J. — xi, xxii, xxv, 12,16, 83, 100, 183-184, 264,294, 342-343, 370, 397,410 McGirr, S. — xii McIntosh, J. — xi, xxv McLean, H. — 50 Mealing, F. M. — 5 Mennonites — xx, 15, 20-21, 103, 228,264, 342, 366 Meríshin, G. P. — 39 Metzele, J. — 23, 34 Mifodij (Saint) — 179 Mikhajlovich, N. — 87, 111, 135, 165, 175, 300, 303, 315, 367, 368, 410-412 Miljukov, P. — 3 Miljutin, J. N. — 92, 267, 268 Mitskevich, Ju. —
94,267-268,277, 319 N Nakashidze (Princess) — 10 Nazaroff, A. — 379 Neave, J. J. — 78, 367 Ne'er-do-wells — see Shaloputians Nicholas I (Tsar) — 8, 38, 51, 111, 115, 125, 153,166, 249, 260, 307, 324, 357, 372, 392,409 Nikifor (Archbishop) — xx, 365 Nikiforova, T. G. — xi, 224, 259,418 Nikolaj (Bishop of Tauride) — 61 Nikolaj Mikhajlovich (Grand Prince) — 87, 175, 410-412 Nikon (Patriarch) — 3,125 Nobel, A. — 112 Norwegian Nobel Committee — 113 Novikov, M. — xii, 30, 40-43,126, 205 Novitskij, O. — 5, 367 Novokshonov, O. E. — 172-175, 410-411 О Ob’idkov, V. — 78, 368,390 Obolenskaja, M. L. — 85, 171,187,402,404, 408 Old Believers (Old Ritualists) — 3,125,126, 365 Oľkhovik,P. V — 119 Orlov, P. — 87, 412 Orlov, V. F. — 84, 399 Ovsjaniko-Kulikovskij, D. N — 31 Moher, F. — 97 Mokronosova, K. T. — 247 452
INDEX OF NAMES P Putin V-229 Pagès, A. — 35 Pankoff, V. — 238 Pashkovites — 55-56 Pashkov, V. A. — 43,55 Pavlovtsy — 43 Pavlusha — see Planidin P.V. Perry, S. — 5 Q Quakers — xx-xxii, 11, 20-21,44, 53, 70, 78, 96, 103,210,213-214,228, 260, 263-265, 266, 281,283,290-291, 337-338, 342, 344, 367, 370 R Philip (Prince) — 383 Pilate, P. — 7,112 Planidin, P. V. (Pavlusha) — 187, 191,194, 207, 215,249-250,308, 373,415 Pobedonostsev, K. P. — 11, 38,69,307, 318 Pobirokhin, I. — 19 Podovinikoff, A. ֊ 229, 378 Podovinikoff, E. — 229, 378 Poljakov, S. O. — 151,402 Ponomarev — 88, 166, 390, 409 Popoff, A. I. — 379 Popoff, D. E. (Popov D. I./Jim) — 13, 206, 208, 225, 227-229 Rachinskaja, M. K. — 90,305, 329 Radstock — xxiii, 43,55 Rajskij, P. P. — 86 Rak, J. ֊ 224,237-238 Remizov, V. B. — xi Rezansoff, P — 211 Rilkoff, D. — 227,248, 380 Rjabov— 191 Rodina Society — 21,206, 228,254, 375 Roka, T. — 147 Rolland, R. — 251, 373 Rostova, N. — 27, 65 Rousseau, J.-J. — 25 Rozanov, V. V. — 55, 65 Rozinkin, W. M. — 228 Rybin, S. — 184, 199 Popoff, E. A. (Popov I. A.) — xii, xvii, xxvi, xxviii, 4-5, 12,133, 206-207,215, 223-224, 227-228, 245, 378-379, 384 Popoff, K. T. ֊ 379 Popoff, L. (Lillian) — 227 Popoff, V. (Vanya) — 383 Popov, A. I. — 245 Popov, E. I. — 79, 85-86, 88, 134, 149, 302, 351, 369, 388-389, 409, 414 S Sabbatarians — see Subbotniki Sabler, V. К. — 56 Saltykov-Shchedrin, M. E. — 163 Salykina, M. — 247 Popov, K. — 57,400 Popov, M. — 273-274 Popov, V - 91,261, 273, 288, 416 Salykin, P. — 247 Sanborn, J. — xxiv, 18, 105-106,224 Sbrocchi, L. — xvi Schmidt, M. A. — 79-80, 369, 389
Postniki [Fasters] — 9 Potapoff, V A. — 191 Potapova, A. T. — 156 Potapov, V. — 88,166, 199, 261, 396-397, Schmitt, E. H. — xxii, 78, 81, 368, 387-391, 410 404, 409 Pozdnjakov, V. N. — 102, 160 Poznikoff, L. — xii Semenov, S. — 46 Seminoff, C. — 211 Seminoff, P. J. — 228 Semjakin, G. — 52 Praga, E. — 11 Prattis, I. — 378 Prokhanov, A. S. — 41 Prokhanov, I. S. — 41, 58 Prugavin, A. S. — 39 Sereda, K. — 119 Serezha (Sergunja) — see Tolstoy, S. L. Sergeev, I. M. — 86, 411 Shakers — xxv, 44 Shakespeare, W. — 46 Pryguny [Jumpers] — 230 Pushkin, A. S. — 66, 346 Shaloputíans (Ne’er-do-wells) — 55 453
LEO TOLSTOY AND THE CANADIAN DOUKHOBORS Shcherbakova, M. — xi, 41,55 Svobodniki (Freedomite sect, Sons of Freedom) Shcherbakov, V. — 172-175 Sheremetev, S. A. — 9 Swedbh Academy — 115 — 13,51 Shervashidze (Prince) — 9-10,105, 267, 289, 369 Swetlishoff-Verigin, S. — xvii Syromjatnikov, S. N. (Sigma) — 72, 318 Shesterikov, S. — 31 Shkarvan, A. A. — 80, 301, 389, 410 T Sifton, C. — 182, 370 Tarasoff, K. J. — xii, xvii, xxvi, 12-13,20,22, Sigma — see Syromjatnikov S. N. Šilbajoris, R. — xxvi, 31 207,212,224-226,231,239, 253, 377-378 Taylor, W. — 92,292-293, 328 Simmons, E. J. — 239,242 Sjutaev, V. K. — 30-31, 42,205 Teasdale, W. — 243 Tikhomirov, L. A. — 61 Skoptsy — xxv, 39, 55 Titov, F. — 57-58 Skorokhodov, V. I. — 86, 402 Tod (Hindu) — 146 Skvortsov, V. M. — 52-54, 58-59, 66-70 Tolstaja, A. L. — 124, 348 Slivitskaja, O. — 25 Smaller Party — see Malaja partija Tolstaja, M. L. — 309 Smirnoŕf-Donskov, N. — xvii Tolstaja, M. N. (née Volkonskaja) — 366 Sokoťnikov, P. N. — 87,246, 344, 405, 408-409 Tolstaja, T. L. — 300, 332, 335, 337, 342, 344, Tolstaja, O. K. - 189, 313,344, 414 391,395,402 Soldatenkov, K. T. — 83, 389, 393, 398 Sons ofFreedom — see Svobodniki Soukeroff, W. A. — 212 Tolstaja (Tolstaya), S. A. (née Bers) — xxviii, Spiritual Christians — see Molokans Tolstoy, A. L, — 300 Sreznevskij, V. I. — 120,122 Stadling, J. — xxii, 116, 348 Stalin — 251 Tolstoyans — xxi, xxiv, xxvi, 7,9,49-59,61, Stepanov, A. I. — 153,162, 184, 325 Stevens, M. — xi, 266, 271, 275, 279,405 Tolstoy, I. L. — 309 98, 313 63-64, 68-70, 72-74, 98, 111, 210, 248, 260, 302, 370 Tolstoy, I. V. — 228
St. John, A. — xxii, 84-85 Tolstoy, M. L. — 300 Storting (Norwegian Parliament) — 112-113, 115 Tolstoy, N. I. — 366 Tolstoy, S. L. (Serezha, Sergunja) — xix, xxvii, Strakhov, N. N. — 62, 304, 388,418 12, 77, 84, 86-87, 89-97, 99,127,159, Struve (consul) — 183, 409 183, 187,216, 265, 305, 313, 323, 328-332, Stundists (Stundobaptists) — xx, 52,55, 58, 334-337, 339, 342-350, 352, 356-357, 63,69, 78, 81,86, 109-110, 320, 367 361, 371, 399, 401-404, 410 Subbotniki [Sabbatarians] — 119 Sulerzhitskij, L. A. — xxii, 12, 83-85, 90-91, Tolstoy, V I. — xi, 207,209, 215,229,234 94, 96, 122, 127,254,260, 264-278, 282, 284-289, 294, 305, 328, 335, 339, 342, 345, Tracie, C. — 15 371,397-401,405-406 Tregubov, I. M. — 13, 37, 51, 58,78, 80-81, Treadgold, D. W. — 5 Surovtsev (Major-General) — 11 Sushkov, B. — 33-34 86,88, 102, 111, 135,150,254, 303,315, Sutkova — 191 410,412,414 Suvorin, A. S. — 51, 80,83, 308, 348, 371, 392,400 367-369, 373, 389-395,401, 406,408, Troyat, H. — 222 Tseytline, V — 35 454
INDEX OF NAMES U Ukhtomskij, È. È. (Prince) — 11,83-84,97, 259, 261,267,308, 313,315, 323, 348, 354, 358-359, 366,372, 374-375, 377, 298, 306, 308, 313, 318-319, 321, 348, 388-389, 396, 401-402, 409-413, 415 357, 394-395, 401 Verigin, V.L. —366 Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ Verigin, V.V. —78 (USCC) — xvii, 19,206 Victoria (Queen) — 210 Union of Young Doukhobors — 227 Vinogradov, I. M. — 102 Usachov family — 246 Vlasov, A. V. — 126 Uspenskij, G. I. — 35,44 Vorobev, A. — 267, 367 V W Van der Veer, J. K. — xxii, 390, 392-393 Wasiolek, E. — 27 Velichkina, V. M, (Doctor) — 90,127, 346, Wilkinson, M. — 224, 376 372, 406 Wilson, A. N. — 222 Velikanov, P. V. — 37,391,401 Wilson, L. G. — 103 Vereshchagin (brothers) ֊ 78,184, 368 Woodcock, G. — xxiv, 5,12,16,18 Verigina, A. V. (née Kalmakova) — 366 Woodsworth, J. — xii, xvi-xvii, xxv-xxvi, Verigina, L. (Laura) — 383 5-8,11,13,16-17,23, 37,44,53-54, 70, Verigin, B. — xvii, 378 72-74,132-133,212, 215,222,259, 265, Verigin, J. ƒ. fr. — xvii, 225,233-234, 377 375 Verigin, J. J. Sr, — xvii, xxvi, 21,206,208,223, 228, 233, 375, 377 Y Verigin, P. P. (Chistjakov [the Cleanser]) — Yakovlev, A. — 229 19,133 Verigin, P. V. (Gospodnij [the Lordly]) — xv, Z xxii, xxiv-xxvii, 5, 8, 15,18-20,22, 44, Zhdanov, V. A. — 26 53, 68, 73,77-78,104, 130-131,133, 135, Zheltov, F. A. — xii, ЗО, 36, 39-41,78, 205, 137, 145,149, 151, 158,160,162, 165, 230, 387 167-169, 171-173,175-176,179-180, Zubkov, А. — 72 182, 184-185, 187-196, 200-201, 207, Zubovaja, M. N. (Countess) — 90,330 212,221,224,227, 233-234, 246,254, München 455 |
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| author | Donskov, Andrew 1939- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)111544440 |
| author_facet | Donskov, Andrew 1939- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Donskov, Andrew 1939- |
| author_variant | a d ad |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047092580 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1240406756 (DE-599)BVBBV047092580 |
| dewey-full | 971.0088/2899 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 971 - Canada |
| dewey-raw | 971.0088/2899 |
| dewey-search | 971.0088/2899 |
| dewey-sort | 3971.0088 42899 |
| dewey-tens | 970 - History of North America |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| edition | Expanded and revised edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4146609-3 Briefsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Briefsammlung |
| geographic | Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kanada |
| id | DE-604.BV047092580 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:20:10Z |
| indexdate | 2024-09-17T14:03:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780776628509 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032499111 |
| oclc_num | 1240406756 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xxviii, 455 Seiten, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210310 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | University of Ottawa Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Donskov, Andrew 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)111544440 aut Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships by Andrew Donskov Expanded and revised edition [Ottawa, Ontario] University of Ottawa Press [2019] xxviii, 455 Seiten, 32 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Following the completion of his major novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, Russian writer Leo Tolstoy experienced a spiritual crisis that led him to denounce the privileges of his social class and its attendant material wealth and embrace the simple rural life of the peasantry. In the persecuted Russian Doukhobor sect, who also rejected militarism and church ritual in favour of finding God in their hearts, he saw a prime example of how it was possible to live his new-found pacifist ideals in everyday life. He was so taken with their lifestyle, calling the Doukhobors "people of the 25th century," that, in 1898, he decided to help finance their mass emigration to Canada, away from the persecutions of the Russian church and state. Donskov's expanded study presents an outline of Doukhobor history and beliefs, their harmony with Tolstoy's lifelong aim of "unity of people", and the portrayal of Doukhobors in Tolstoy's writings. This edition features Tolstoy's complete correspondence with Doukhobor leader Pëtr Vasil'evich Verigin. Three guest essays by prominent Canadian Doukhobors are also included. Supported by a considerable array of source materials, Donskov's monograph will be of relevance to anyone interested in religious, philosophical, sociological, pacifist, historical, or literary studies."-- Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič 1828-1910 (DE-588)11864291X gnd rswk-swf Duchoborzen (DE-588)4234824-9 gnd rswk-swf Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd rswk-swf Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 gnd rswk-swf Tolstoy, Leo / graf / 1828-1910 / Political and social views Tolstoy, Leo / graf / 1828-1910 / Correspondence Dukhobors / Canada, Western / History / 19th century Dukhobors / Canada / History Immigrants / Canada / History / 19th century Tolstoï, Léon / 1828-1910 / Pensée politique et sociale Tolstoï, Léon / 1828-1910 / Correspondance Doukhobors / Canada (Ouest) / Histoire / 19e siècle Doukhobors / Canada / Histoire Immigrants / Canada / Histoire / 19e siècle Tolstoy, Leo / graf / 1828-1910 Dukhobors Immigrants Political and social views Canada Western Canada 1800-1899 History Personal correspondence (DE-588)4146609-3 Briefsammlung gnd-content Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič 1828-1910 (DE-588)11864291X p Duchoborzen (DE-588)4234824-9 s Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 s Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 g DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-7766-2851-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-7766-2852-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, Kindle 978-0-7766-2853-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032499111&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032499111&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032499111&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Donskov, Andrew 1939- Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič 1828-1910 (DE-588)11864291X gnd Duchoborzen (DE-588)4234824-9 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)11864291X (DE-588)4234824-9 (DE-588)4003920-1 (DE-588)4029456-0 (DE-588)4146609-3 |
| title | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships |
| title_auth | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships |
| title_exact_search | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships |
| title_full | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships by Andrew Donskov |
| title_fullStr | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships by Andrew Donskov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors a study in historic relationships by Andrew Donskov |
| title_short | Leo Tolstoy and the Canadian Doukhobors |
| title_sort | leo tolstoy and the canadian doukhobors a study in historic relationships |
| title_sub | a study in historic relationships |
| topic | Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič 1828-1910 (DE-588)11864291X gnd Duchoborzen (DE-588)4234824-9 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič 1828-1910 Duchoborzen Auswanderung Kanada Briefsammlung |
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