Communication in global jihad:
This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the global jihadist movement today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the pub...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge
2021
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| Schriftenreihe: | Politics, media and political communication
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the global jihadist movement today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the public at large. The author explores how and why the benefits of communication are a huge boon to jihadist operations, with jihadists communicating their ideological programs to develop a strong base for undertaking terrorist violence. The use of various information and communication systems and platforms by jihadists exemplifies the most recent progress in the relationship between terrorism, media, and the new information environment. For jihadist organizations like ISIS and Al-Qaeda, recruiting new volunteers for the Caliphate who are willing to sacrifice their lives for the cause is a top priority. Based on various conceptual analyses, case studies, and theoretical applications, this book explores the communicative tools, tactics, and approaches used for this recruitment, including narratives, propaganda, mainstream media, social media, new information and communication technologies, the jihadisphere, visual imagery, media framing, globalization, financing networks, crime - jihad nexuses, group communication, radicalization, social movements, fatwas, martyrdom videos, pop-jihad, and jihadist nasheeds |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 241 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780367617066 9780367617073 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS 1 Introduction Fighting for the caliphate 2 Objectives of this book 3 Global communication defined 5 Communication 6 Media and technology 6 Imagined and indirect relationships 7 The network effect 7 Soft power 8 Propaganda 8 Competition with other booh 9 Summary of all chapters 10 2 Defining terrorism Difficulty to define terrorism 19 Tenorism as a political act 20 Terrorism as a threatening act 21 Terrorism as a communicative act 22 Who are the terrorists? 23 Nonstate actors 23 Insurgent groups 23 The targets of terrorism 24 Direct vs. indirect victims 24 Symbolic targets 25
vi Contents Lone-wolf tenorism 25 General description 26 Violent true believer (VTB) 27 3 Defining jihad Differences within Islam 34 Radical Islam or reactionary Islam? 34 Islam ps. Islamism? 34 Sunni-Shia relations 35 In-group identity for political reasons 35 Honor cultures 36 Superiority of the ummah 31 Islamic radicalization 37 What is jihad? 38 Greater jihad vs. lesser jihad 39 The sixth pillar of Islam 39 Brief note on the Crusades 40 Defensive jihad vs. offensive jihad 40 Abdullah Ázzam 41 Vertical jihad vs. horizontal jihad 41 Vertical jihad 41 Horizontal jihad 42 Salafism 43 Complexities of definitions 43 Radical Salafist influences 44 Religious jihad vs. secular ideologies 45 Religious identity and dignity 46 Moral disengagement and neutralization 46 Neojihadism 47 Lone-wolfjihad 47 Characteristics of lone-wolf jihadists 48 A few statistics 48 The lone-wolf suicide bomber 49 Jihobbyists 49 Ontological insecurity 50 Late modernity as a cause of jihadism 50 Ontological insecurity, modernity, and 7/7 jihadist bombers 50 Jihad as the answer 51
Contents vii 4 The globalization ofjihad 64 Definitions 64 Crítics ofglobalization 65 Global divergence 66 Globalization andjihadism 66 Removal of borders 67 A facilitator of jihadist identity politics 67 Glocalized jihad: think globally, act locally 68 The deterritorialization ofjihad 69 Detenitorialization: definition 69 Deterritorialization of ISIS 69 Losing territory, not losing combat 70 Social media effects 71 YouTube effect 72 Global networked affect 72 Online jihadist magazines 73 5 Global jihadist networks Social network analysis 82 A description 82 The centralized network 83 The decentralized network 83 The “all-channel” network 84 The crime-jihad network 85 Jihadist networks offoreign fighters 86 Western foreign fighters in global jihad 86 Making the jihadist foreign fighter 87 Jihadist financing networks 87 Financial support of global jihad 87 Case study: Bangladesh 88 Case study: Bitcoins 89 Mutual aid 89 Resource mobilization theory 90 Inside Western lands 90 Other group kinships in jihad 91 81
viii Contents 6 The mass media Surprisingly dangerous outreach 100 Propaganda of the deed 100 Functions ofjihadist mass media 101 Osama bin Laden’s take on the media 102 Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi’s take on the media 102 Jihadists’ manipulation of the mass media 103 Symbiotic relationship 103 Power of the image 104 Media framing 105 Distrust of Western news 106 “Collusion” between mainstream media and coalition 106 Case study: Al-Shabaab and alternative news media 107 7 The narrative The master jihadist narrative 114 Exploiting the Muslim religion as a rallying cry 115 Kitab al-Jihad 115 Narratives of Islamic radicalization 116 Four narratives of global jihad 117 Eschatological narratives 117 ISIS and the Apocalypse 118 Differences between ISIS and Al-Qaeda 119 Teaching of hatred 119 fihadist language to avenge the ummah 121 The neglected duty: Muslim neglect in the past 122 The neglected duty: Muslim neglect in the age of the Coronavirus 122 Destroying America (and the West) 123 Territorial invasions 125 8 The fatwa Fatwa shopping 134 Jihadist fatwas 134 Fatwa as violence against free speech 136 Case study I: fatwa against Salman Rushdie 136 Article 57 and Ayatollah Khomeini 137 Global reverberations 138
Case study II: Osama bin Laden’s fatwas 138 Glorifying attacks against U.S. forces 138 The “Zionist-Crusader alliance” 139 Textual manipulation 140 Case study III: fatwa against the Danish cartoonists 141 9 Islamic revival Two opposite directions 148 The concept of tajdid 149 Salafist/Wahhabi influences 150 Salarisi jihadism 150 Wahhabism 151 Moderate reformers threatened by Sakrists 152 Abu Bakr Naji 152 Social movement theory 153 Jihadist recruitment 153 The Arab Spring 154 The “jihad cool” phenomenon 155 Hippest and sexiest jihad 156 Jihad selfie 156 A new direction in life 157 Phenomenological perspectives 158 Jihadist suicide terrorism 158 10 The jihadisphere The internet 167 Social media sites 167 Case study: ISIS and Twitter 168 Habermas’s public sphere 169 Jihadists’ freedom in the public sphere 170 The jihadisphere of fatwas 171 Postmodern perspectives 171 Online jihadist users as postmodern terrorists 171 The postmodern lone-wolfjihadist 172 Case study I: Anwar al֊Awlaki 173 Case study II: Abu Musab al֊Zarqawi 173
x Contents The ISIS online communication strategy 174 Jihad 3.0 175 ISIS’s mix of visual propaganda 175 The virtual ummah 176 Normalization theory 177 Online Islamic forums: a double-edged sword 177 The open university of global jihad 178 Salafist influences 179 11 Jihad through popular culture Culture: definition 191 Subcultures of angry people 192 Martyrdom culture 193 Jihadist videos 194 Case study I: jihadist videos by al-Hayat 195 Case study II: martyrdom videos by Hezbollah 196 Pop-jihad 197 Deso Dogg 198 “Dirty Kuffar” 199 Jihadist nasheeds 199 A conduit of jihadism 200 A bricolage 200 12 Conclusions and solutions The. more global communication, the more jihadism 209 A dangerous shrinking world 210 An emancipating communication environment 211 Parallel globalization of terror 212 To begin as a solution: know thy enemy 213 Case study: the mistake of the Sri Lankan authorities 214 Euphemisms for “Islamic terrorism” are dangerous 215 What ordinary citizens can do 216 Western-style multiculturalism? 216 Western-style human rights policies? 217 Spreading democracy to the Muslim world? 218 Reintegrating those negatively influenced by global jihad 218
Contents xi What moderate Muslims can do 219 Supporting pro-democracy politicians in the Muslim world 219 Supporting citizenship education 220 Supporting religious education 220 Supporting counter-fittwas 221 Hermeneutics: general perspectives 222 Exegesis 222 Hermeneutic circle 223 Hermeneutics as applied to Quranic interpretation 224 Tafiir 224 Historical and socio-cultural contexts 225 Ijtihad 225 Definitions 226 Context-based ijtihad 227 Collective ijtihad 227 Index 239
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS 1 Introduction Fighting for the caliphate 2 Objectives of this book 3 Global communication defined 5 Communication 6 Media and technology 6 Imagined and indirect relationships 7 The network effect 7 Soft power 8 Propaganda 8 Competition with other booh 9 Summary of all chapters 10 2 Defining terrorism Difficulty to define terrorism 19 Tenorism as a political act 20 Terrorism as a threatening act 21 Terrorism as a communicative act 22 Who are the terrorists? 23 Nonstate actors 23 Insurgent groups 23 The targets of terrorism 24 Direct vs. indirect victims 24 Symbolic targets 25
vi Contents Lone-wolf tenorism 25 General description 26 Violent true believer (VTB) 27 3 Defining jihad Differences within Islam 34 Radical Islam or reactionary Islam? 34 Islam ps. Islamism? 34 Sunni-Shia relations 35 In-group identity for political reasons 35 Honor cultures 36 Superiority of the ummah 31 Islamic radicalization 37 What is jihad? 38 Greater jihad vs. lesser jihad 39 The sixth pillar of Islam 39 Brief note on the Crusades 40 Defensive jihad vs. offensive jihad 40 Abdullah Ázzam 41 Vertical jihad vs. horizontal jihad 41 Vertical jihad 41 Horizontal jihad 42 Salafism 43 Complexities of definitions 43 Radical Salafist influences 44 Religious jihad vs. secular ideologies 45 Religious identity and dignity 46 Moral disengagement and neutralization 46 Neojihadism 47 Lone-wolfjihad 47 Characteristics of lone-wolf jihadists 48 A few statistics 48 The lone-wolf suicide bomber 49 Jihobbyists 49 Ontological insecurity 50 Late modernity as a cause of jihadism 50 Ontological insecurity, modernity, and 7/7 jihadist bombers 50 Jihad as the answer 51
Contents vii 4 The globalization ofjihad 64 Definitions 64 Crítics ofglobalization 65 Global divergence 66 Globalization andjihadism 66 Removal of borders 67 A facilitator of jihadist identity politics 67 Glocalized jihad: think globally, act locally 68 The deterritorialization ofjihad 69 Detenitorialization: definition 69 Deterritorialization of ISIS 69 Losing territory, not losing combat 70 Social media effects 71 YouTube effect 72 Global networked affect 72 Online jihadist magazines 73 5 Global jihadist networks Social network analysis 82 A description 82 The centralized network 83 The decentralized network 83 The “all-channel” network 84 The crime-jihad network 85 Jihadist networks offoreign fighters 86 Western foreign fighters in global jihad 86 Making the jihadist foreign fighter 87 Jihadist financing networks 87 Financial support of global jihad 87 Case study: Bangladesh 88 Case study: Bitcoins 89 Mutual aid 89 Resource mobilization theory 90 Inside Western lands 90 Other group kinships in jihad 91 81
viii Contents 6 The mass media Surprisingly dangerous outreach 100 Propaganda of the deed 100 Functions ofjihadist mass media 101 Osama bin Laden’s take on the media 102 Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi’s take on the media 102 Jihadists’ manipulation of the mass media 103 Symbiotic relationship 103 Power of the image 104 Media framing 105 Distrust of Western news 106 “Collusion” between mainstream media and coalition 106 Case study: Al-Shabaab and alternative news media 107 7 The narrative The master jihadist narrative 114 Exploiting the Muslim religion as a rallying cry 115 Kitab al-Jihad 115 Narratives of Islamic radicalization 116 Four narratives of global jihad 117 Eschatological narratives 117 ISIS and the Apocalypse 118 Differences between ISIS and Al-Qaeda 119 Teaching of hatred 119 fihadist language to avenge the ummah 121 The neglected duty: Muslim neglect in the past 122 The neglected duty: Muslim neglect in the age of the Coronavirus 122 Destroying America (and the West) 123 Territorial invasions 125 8 The fatwa Fatwa shopping 134 Jihadist fatwas 134 Fatwa as violence against free speech 136 Case study I: fatwa against Salman Rushdie 136 Article 57 and Ayatollah Khomeini 137 Global reverberations 138
Case study II: Osama bin Laden’s fatwas 138 Glorifying attacks against U.S. forces 138 The “Zionist-Crusader alliance” 139 Textual manipulation 140 Case study III: fatwa against the Danish cartoonists 141 9 Islamic revival Two opposite directions 148 The concept of tajdid 149 Salafist/Wahhabi influences 150 Salarisi jihadism 150 Wahhabism 151 Moderate reformers threatened by Sakrists 152 Abu Bakr Naji 152 Social movement theory 153 Jihadist recruitment 153 The Arab Spring 154 The “jihad cool” phenomenon 155 Hippest and sexiest jihad 156 Jihad selfie 156 A new direction in life 157 Phenomenological perspectives 158 Jihadist suicide terrorism 158 10 The jihadisphere The internet 167 Social media sites 167 Case study: ISIS and Twitter 168 Habermas’s public sphere 169 Jihadists’ freedom in the public sphere 170 The jihadisphere of fatwas 171 Postmodern perspectives 171 Online jihadist users as postmodern terrorists 171 The postmodern lone-wolfjihadist 172 Case study I: Anwar al֊Awlaki 173 Case study II: Abu Musab al֊Zarqawi 173
x Contents The ISIS online communication strategy 174 Jihad 3.0 175 ISIS’s mix of visual propaganda 175 The virtual ummah 176 Normalization theory 177 Online Islamic forums: a double-edged sword 177 The open university of global jihad 178 Salafist influences 179 11 Jihad through popular culture Culture: definition 191 Subcultures of angry people 192 Martyrdom culture 193 Jihadist videos 194 Case study I: jihadist videos by al-Hayat 195 Case study II: martyrdom videos by Hezbollah 196 Pop-jihad 197 Deso Dogg 198 “Dirty Kuffar” 199 Jihadist nasheeds 199 A conduit of jihadism 200 A bricolage 200 12 Conclusions and solutions The. more global communication, the more jihadism 209 A dangerous shrinking world 210 An emancipating communication environment 211 Parallel globalization of terror 212 To begin as a solution: know thy enemy 213 Case study: the mistake of the Sri Lankan authorities 214 Euphemisms for “Islamic terrorism” are dangerous 215 What ordinary citizens can do 216 Western-style multiculturalism? 216 Western-style human rights policies? 217 Spreading democracy to the Muslim world? 218 Reintegrating those negatively influenced by global jihad 218
Contents xi What moderate Muslims can do 219 Supporting pro-democracy politicians in the Muslim world 219 Supporting citizenship education 220 Supporting religious education 220 Supporting counter-fittwas 221 Hermeneutics: general perspectives 222 Exegesis 222 Hermeneutic circle 223 Hermeneutics as applied to Quranic interpretation 224 Tafiir 224 Historical and socio-cultural contexts 225 Ijtihad 225 Definitions 226 Context-based ijtihad 227 Collective ijtihad 227 Index 239 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:20:02Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:02:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780367617066 9780367617073 |
| language | English |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Politics, media and political communication |
| spelling | Matusitz, Jonathan Andre 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1028906528 aut Communication in global jihad Jonathan Matusitz London ; New York Routledge 2021 xi, 241 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Politics, media and political communication This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the global jihadist movement today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the public at large. The author explores how and why the benefits of communication are a huge boon to jihadist operations, with jihadists communicating their ideological programs to develop a strong base for undertaking terrorist violence. The use of various information and communication systems and platforms by jihadists exemplifies the most recent progress in the relationship between terrorism, media, and the new information environment. For jihadist organizations like ISIS and Al-Qaeda, recruiting new volunteers for the Caliphate who are willing to sacrifice their lives for the cause is a top priority. Based on various conceptual analyses, case studies, and theoretical applications, this book explores the communicative tools, tactics, and approaches used for this recruitment, including narratives, propaganda, mainstream media, social media, new information and communication technologies, the jihadisphere, visual imagery, media framing, globalization, financing networks, crime - jihad nexuses, group communication, radicalization, social movements, fatwas, martyrdom videos, pop-jihad, and jihadist nasheeds Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd rswk-swf Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 gnd rswk-swf Djihad (DE-588)4305296-4 gnd rswk-swf Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd rswk-swf Terroristische Vereinigung (DE-588)4225831-5 gnd rswk-swf Terrorism and globalization Terrorism / Religious aspects / Islam Terrorism / History / 21st century Jihad / History / 21st century Communication / Technological innovations Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 s Terroristische Vereinigung (DE-588)4225831-5 s Djihad (DE-588)4305296-4 s Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 s Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-003-10614-2 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032498722&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Matusitz, Jonathan Andre 1976- Communication in global jihad Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 gnd Djihad (DE-588)4305296-4 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Terroristische Vereinigung (DE-588)4225831-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031883-7 (DE-588)4169187-8 (DE-588)4305296-4 (DE-588)4027743-4 (DE-588)4225831-5 |
| title | Communication in global jihad |
| title_auth | Communication in global jihad |
| title_exact_search | Communication in global jihad |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Communication in global jihad |
| title_full | Communication in global jihad Jonathan Matusitz |
| title_fullStr | Communication in global jihad Jonathan Matusitz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Communication in global jihad Jonathan Matusitz |
| title_short | Communication in global jihad |
| title_sort | communication in global jihad |
| topic | Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 gnd Djihad (DE-588)4305296-4 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Terroristische Vereinigung (DE-588)4225831-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kommunikation Medien Djihad Islam Terroristische Vereinigung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032498722&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matusitzjonathanandre communicationinglobaljihad |