The geology of the Antarctic continent:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Stuttgart
Borntraeger Science Publishers
2021
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| Schriftenreihe: | Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde
Band 33 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 613 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9783443110345 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The geology of the Antarctic continent |c edited by Georg Kleinschmidt |
| 264 | 1 | |a Stuttgart |b Borntraeger Science Publishers |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 613 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 653 | |a geophysical data | ||
| 653 | |a Antarctic science | ||
| 653 | |a tectonic | ||
| 653 | |a mineral resources | ||
| 653 | |a stratigraphy | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Contents
Preface III
l Introduction and Overview 1
Georg Kleinschmidt
1 1 Introduction 1
111 Antarctica: definitions, topographic and geographic outline 1
112 Previous appropriate books 3
113 The book’s main concept 3
1 2 Geological Overview 4
121 The Antarctic cratons 6
1211 The Grunehogna Craton 6
1212 The Napier Craton 7
1213 The Mawson Craton 7
1214 The Crohn Craton (2 Ruker Craton) 7
1215 Other Cratons of East Antarctica 7
122 Grenvillian Orogens 8
123 Pan-African Orogens 9
1231 The Ross Orogen 9
1232 Other Pan—African Orogens 10
124 The lifetime of Gondwana 11
125 The disintegration of Gondwana 11
126 The Ellsworth Orogen = Weddell Orogen 12
127 The Antarctic Andean Orogen 13
1271 The active part of the Antarctic Andean Orogen 14
128 Large fault systems 15
129 The present plate-tectonic situation of Antarctica 16
1 2 10 Appended paragraph on Antarctic meteorites 17
2 Antarctic Peninsula — Geology and Dynamic Development 18
John L Smellie
2 1 Introduction 18
2 2 The Antarctic Peninsula: Physiography, Climate and Ice Cover 18
2 3 Tectonic Setting 20
2 4 Pre-Middle Jurassic: Gondwana Margin “Basement” 22
241 Palaeozoic gneissic basement 25
242 Devonian(?) craton and passive margin sedimentation
[Fitzgerald quartzite beds] 28
243 Permian sedimentation and transition to a subduction plate
margin [Erehwon beds] 30
244 Permian—Triassic deep-sea fan sedimentation at a passive
margin evolving to subducting margin [Trinity Peninsula
Group and correlatives] 30
Vl Contents
245 Pre-Jurassic deposition and accretion _35
[Scotia Metamorphic Complex (Terrane B)] 36
2 5 Jurassic-Early Cretaceous: Gondwana Break-up Sequences --------------------- --
251 Jurassic terrestrial sedimentation 1n grabens 36
[Botany Bay Group]
252 Jurassic large-volume plume-related bimodal volcanism [Palmer
Land Volcanic Group and Graham Land Volcanic Group] 38
253J urassic—Early Cretaceous basin sedimentation lmked to
Weddell Sea formation [Latady Basin] 40
2 6 Cretaceous—Palaeogene “Andean” Arc—Trench System and
Early Glacial Stages 42
261 Jurassic—Cenozoic accretion [LeMay Group and Scotla
Metamorphic Complex (Terrane A)] 42
262 Jurassic—Cretaceous fore-arc basin sedimentation
[Fossil Bluff Group and correlatives] 45
263 Subduction-related Cretaceous—Cenozoic magmatism
[Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group, Alexander Island Volcanic
Group, Antarctic Peninsula batholith] 51
264 Cretaceous—Cenozoic intra-arc sedimentation and
earliest glaciation 60
265 Cretaceous—Palaeogene back-arc deposition and basin
inversion [Larsen Basin] 63
2 7 Late Neogene—Present: Post-subduction Magmatism and
Main Glacial Stage 73
271 Neogene—Quaternary marine record 73
272 Neogene—Quaternary terrestrial volcanism and sedimentation
[James Ross Island Volcanic Group; Hobbs Glacier,
Cockbum Island and Mendel formations] 76
273A Quaternary marginal basin [Bransfield Strait volcanism] 79
2 8 Summary: Antarctic Peninsula — Dynamic Development of a Long-lived
Continental Margin 80
3 The Geology of West Antarctica 87
Christine Siddoway
3 1 Overview 87
3 2 Ellsworth—Whitmore Mountains Terrane U 90
3 3 Marie Byrd Land l'u 94
331 Ross Province ‘ u 97
332 Amundsen Province ilnliII ”
333 Fosdick Mountains migmatite-granite
3 4 Thurston Island/Eights Coast e 107
3 5 West Antarctic Rift Province u 108
351 Character of crust and lithosphere 109
3 6 nie gigfgtciläggucmmsj influence uPon ice—ocean dynamics 112
--_ nd T1m1ng of the WARS 112
361 Relationship between the Transantarctic Mountains and
362 West Antarct1c nfi system 112
Mesozoic development u
Contents VII
363 The Cenozoic: tectonic sedimentation, structural reactivation,
seismicity 1 18
364 Characteristics and origin of the Marie Byrd Land
volcanic province 122
365 Paleotopography and landscape rejuvenation 128
3 7 Conclusion 131
4 The Geology of the Transantarctic Mountains 132
John W Goodge
4 1 Overview 132
411 Physiography 134
412 History of geologic exploration 137
4 2 Stratigraphy and Geological Evolution 138
421 Precambrian basement 141
422 Neoproterozoic rift-margin successions 149
423 Early Paleozoic successions 156
424 Cambro-Ordovician granite batholith 165
425 Devonian magmatism 168
426 Paleozoic-Mesozoic Beacon Supergroup 168
427 Jurassic F errar magmas (F errar Group and Kirkpatrick Basalt) 176
428 Neogene Volcanic province 180
429 Neogene Glacial deposits and landscape
4 3 Geological Architecture/Structure 186
431 Crustal structure of Precambrian basement 186
432 Neoproterozoic rift margin 187
433 Active Ross margin of Gondwana 189
4331 Northern Victoria Land 190
4332 Southern Victoria Land 191
4333 Central TAM 191
4334 Southern TAM 193
4335 Ross deformation 193
4336 Ross magmatism
4337 Ross metamorphism 201
4338 Tectonic models for the Ross Orogen 206
434 Cenozoic uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains front and
West Antarctic rift system 211
4 4 Summery and Future of Geologic Research 216
5 The Shackleton Range and Surroundings 218
Georg Kleinschmidt
5 1 General Introduction 218
511 Topography 218
512 History 221
5 2 Shackleton Range 222
521 Geological overview 222
522 Unit I “Autochthon” 225
523 Unit II “Mount Wegener Nappe” 227
524 Unit III “Fuchs Dome Nappe” 229
V||| Contents
525 Windows
526 Unit IV (Ophiolite Complex) 238
527 Unit V (Högbom Nappe) 239
528 Middle Cambrian trilobite shales 240
529 Molasse (Blaiklock Glacier Group) 241
5 2 10 The “Kuin Peneplain”
5 2 11 Permo-Carboniferous (Beacon Supergroup) and hanging beds 24%
5 2 12 Mafic dykes :23
5 2 13 Major faults
5 2 14 Mesozoic evolution of the Shackleton Range
(Vanished Mesozoic basins)
5 2 15 Meteorite “Mt Wegener”
5 3 Theron Mountains 246
5 4 Whichaway Nunataks 248
5 5 Bertrab, Littlewood, Moltke Nunataks h
5 6 Relationship of the Shackleton Range and its further Surroundings 251
6 Geology and Geodynamic Evolution of Dronning Maud Land,
East Antarctica 254
Andreas Läufer
6 1 Introduction 254
6 2 Early Exploration 256
6 3 Regional Geology 257
631 Westem Dronning Maud Land 257
6311 The Grunehogna Craton 257
6312 The Maud Belt 259
632 Central Dronning Maud Land 264
633 Eastern Dronning Maud Land 279
6 4 Geodynamic Evolution: A Synthesis 285
641 The Grunehogna Craton 286
642 The Grenville Orogen and Rodinia: The Maud Belt 287
643 From Rodinia to Gondwana: orogenic quiescence or continued
tectonism? The post-Rodinia rift and drift stage 288
644 The Pan—African Orogen and the amalgamation of the Gondwana
supercontinent: The East African-Antarctic Orogen (or:
Liitzow Holm Belt) and the Kuunga Orogen 289
645 The break—up of Gondwana, formation of the Antarctic passive
continental margin and landscape evolution 292
6451 The Karoo Plume and Karoo volcanism 292
6452 Rift Structures: The Jutul—Penck—Graben 293
6453 Uplift and denudation history of Dronning Maud Land 293
7 Lambert Glacier Area (East Antarctica between 45° E and 85° E) _ „ 296
A Läufer, E Lisker, N W Roland, G Kleinschmidt
General Introduction
711 Geography „-22 ÄÄIIIIIIIIIIIIIÄIIICIIIIÄIZI IIIIIIIIIIIÄIIÄI
712 Historic exploration iiiiiiiiiiiiiii H 299
713 Stations II IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiI II2IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII III: 300
Contents IX
7 2 Geological Overview 300
7 3 Cratonic Regions 303
731 The Napier Craton 303
732, Cratonic Parts of the Prince Charles Mountains 304
733 Small cratons further east (Eastern Prydz Bay with Larseman
Hills, Rauer Group, Vestfold Hills) 310
7 4 Meso—Neoproterozoic (Grenvillian) Belts West of the Lambert Glacier:
The Rayner Belt/Complex and the Fisher Complex 311
7 5 Pan-African of the Prince Charles Mountains and Further East of the
Lambert Glacier 313
7 6 The Lambert Graben 315
761 Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentation within the
Lambert Graben 315
762 Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Lambert Graben 318
763 Neogene landscape evolution 319
7 7 The Great Enigma: the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains 319
8 The Geology of East Antarctica (between ~85° E and ~145° E) 322
Rene-Pierre Menot
8 1 Overview 322
8 2 Geology ofthe Different Domains 324
821 Kaiser-Wilhelm—II -Land — Queen Mary Land — Princess
Elizabeth Land 324
8211 Geology, Lithology, Geochemistry 324
8212 Structures, Deformation and Metamorphism 332
8213 Geochronology (Table 8—1) 332
8214 Geological Evolution and Interpretation 333
822 Wilkes Land 334
8221 Geology, Lithology, Geochemistry 337
8222 Structures, Deformation and Metamorphism 342
8223 Geochronology (Table 8-1) 345
8224 Geological Evolution 349
823 Terre Adélie — Western George V Land, i e the Terre Ade’lie
Craton (TAC) 353
8231 Geology, Lithology, Geochemistry 357
8232 Structures, Deformation and Metamorphism 370
8233 Geochronology (Tables 8-1 and 8—2) 375
8234 Geological Evolution 382
8 3 Geological Evolution of the Antarctic Australian Quadrant 387
831 Accretion of the “East Antarctic Shield” 387
832 Phanerozoic Evolution of the “East Antarctic Shield”,
Australian Quadrant — Syn-Gondwana Evolution 390
8321 Palaeozoic — Mesozoic Rifts 390
8322 Sedimentary Cover and Basins 391
8323 Giant Meteorite Impact 391
833 Australia —Antarctica Separation 392
X
Contents
9 The Mineral Resources of the Antarctic: Facts and Problems 393
Norbert W Roland
9 1 Introduction 393
9 2 Politics Influence on the Development and Economic Exploitation
of Antarctica 394
9 3 Arguments in Favour of the “Treasure House” Antarctica 396
9 4 Prospective Areas seen in the Gondwana Context 397
941 The Antarctic Peninsula and the South American Andes 397
942 The Weddell Sea Coast and Southeast Africa 399
943 East Antarctica and the Indian Subcontinent 400
944 East Antarctica and South-West Australia 401
945 Areas prospective for hydrocarbons 402
946 Prospective areas for polymetallic nodules and crusts 404
947 Areas prospective for diamonds 405
9 5 The Mineral Deposits of Antarctica 406
951 Coal 406
952 Iron ore 408
953 Platinum, nickel, copper and other metals from the
Dufek Intrusion 409
954 Base metals and precious metals of the Antarctic Peninsula 412
955 Uranium 417
956 Icebergs 417
9 6 Arguments in Favour for the “Frozen Account” Antarctica 420
961 Accessibility 420
962 Difficulties in exploration 422
963 Types of deposits unlikely in Antarctica 422
964 Aspects of mining economics 423
9 7 Summary and Outlook 424
10 The Palaeontological Record of Antarctica 426
Michael R A Thomson
10 1 Introduction 426
10 1 1 How representative is the fossil record of Antarctica? 427
10 2 Late Precambrian and Eocambrian 429
10 3 Cambrian 431
10 4 Ordovician and Silurian 434
10 5 Devonian 436
10 5 1 Invertebrate faunas and trace fossil assemblages 436
10 5 2 Early floras 438
10 5 3 Vertebrates — fish faunas 439
10 6 Carboniferous 439
10 7 Permian 441
10 7 1 Invertebrates — the few 442
10 7 2 Glossopteris floras 442
10 8 Triassic 444
10 8 1 Invertebrate faunas and trace fossil assemblages 444
10 8 2 Floras — all change 445
10 8 3 Gondwana amphibians and reptiles 447
Contents XI
10 9 Jurassic 448
10 9 1 Invertebrate faunas of land and sea 449
10 9 2 Floras 452
10 9 3 Vertebrate faunas — fish and dinosaurs 454
10 10 Cretaceous 455
10 10 1 Invertebrates — a rich variety 456
10 10 2 Floras — the angiosperrns appear 459
10 10 3 Vertebrates —dinosaurs and more 463
10 11 Palaeogene 465
10 11 1 Invertebrates — after the KT event 467
10 11 2 Floras — angiosperms everywhere 470
10 11 3 Vertebrates — something of everything 472
10 12 Neogene 474
10 12 1 Invertebrates — scallops abound 475
10 12 2 Flora — struggling with the climate 477
10 12 3 Vertebrates — the first whales 479
10 13 Benath the Ice 479
10 13 1 Glacial erratics on land 479
10 13 2 New exposures resulting from ice retreat 480
10 13 3 Reworked clasts and fossils within in situ strata 480
10 13 4 Marine dredge samples and shallow cores 481
10 13 5 ‘Deep’ drilling 483
10 13 6 Biology in the rear-view mirror 484
References 485
Index 597
The Geology of the Antarctic Continent The present volume provides a comprehensive overview of the geology of the Antarctic continent. It is principally based on the meagre 1% of ice-free area of Antarctica and geophysical data. The only previous, fairly comprehensive treatment of Antarctic geology was published more than 25 year ago. Since then, our knowledge about the geology of the continent has increased immensely; despite the km-thick ice shield, which covers large parts of Antárcticas geology, particularly at its center. An outstanding feature of this book is that it combines the present knowledge in just one sing/e volume. Following an introduction with a geographic outline and a general synopsis of Antarctic geology, individual chapters describe the regional geology of the seven main physiographic regions of Antarctica in detail: ֊ the Antarctic Peninsula, - West Antarctica (Marie Byrd Land and Enderby Land), - Transantarctic Mountains, - the Shackleton Range and its surroundings (including the Bertrab, Littlewood and Moltke Nunataks), ֊ Dronning Maud Land, - Lambert Glacier and the area surrounding it, - East Antarctica from Kaiser-Wilhelm-ll.-Land to George V Land/Terre Adélie. All seven chapters were written by acknowledged specialists in their field. Each chapter contains a topographic, historical and geological overview, a description of the respective geological units, their stratigraphy and related data and the tectonic structure of the respective region. Mostly, the findings are placed in a continent-wide/plate tectonic/geological context. The book closes
with chapters on the mineral resources and the palaeontological record of the Antarctic continent. Even if the Antarctic Treaty System prohibits prospection and any exploitation of mineral resources in Antarctica at this time, occurrences of iron, other metal and coal deposits are known, and many more do probably exist. The mineral resources chapter does not just deal with known and presumed deposits, but also highlights environmental problems and relevant international treaties, economic issues and practical or general problems. The Antarctic ice is the largest fresh water resource on Earth. All nine authors are or have been active field geologists in the corresponding Antarctic regions and are affiliated with American, British, French and German research institutions. The book addresses researchers, students of geosciences, geologists and all other scientists interested in Antarctic science in general. |
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface III
l Introduction and Overview 1
Georg Kleinschmidt
1 1 Introduction 1
111 Antarctica: definitions, topographic and geographic outline 1
112 Previous appropriate books 3
113 The book’s main concept 3
1 2 Geological Overview 4
121 The Antarctic cratons 6
1211 The Grunehogna Craton 6
1212 The Napier Craton 7
1213 The Mawson Craton 7
1214 The Crohn Craton (2 Ruker Craton) 7
1215 Other Cratons of East Antarctica 7
122 Grenvillian Orogens 8
123 Pan-African Orogens 9
1231 The Ross Orogen 9
1232 Other Pan—African Orogens 10
124 The lifetime of Gondwana 11
125 The disintegration of Gondwana 11
126 The Ellsworth Orogen = Weddell Orogen 12
127 The Antarctic Andean Orogen 13
1271 The active part of the Antarctic Andean Orogen 14
128 Large fault systems 15
129 The present plate-tectonic situation of Antarctica 16
1 2 10 Appended paragraph on Antarctic meteorites 17
2 Antarctic Peninsula — Geology and Dynamic Development 18
John L Smellie
2 1 Introduction 18
2 2 The Antarctic Peninsula: Physiography, Climate and Ice Cover 18
2 3 Tectonic Setting 20
2 4 Pre-Middle Jurassic: Gondwana Margin “Basement” 22
241 Palaeozoic gneissic basement 25
242 Devonian(?) craton and passive margin sedimentation
[Fitzgerald quartzite beds] 28
243 Permian sedimentation and transition to a subduction plate
margin [Erehwon beds] 30
244 Permian—Triassic deep-sea fan sedimentation at a passive
margin evolving to subducting margin [Trinity Peninsula
Group and correlatives] 30
Vl Contents
245 Pre-Jurassic deposition and accretion _35
[Scotia Metamorphic Complex (Terrane B)] 36
2 5 Jurassic-Early Cretaceous: Gondwana Break-up Sequences --------------------- --
251 Jurassic terrestrial sedimentation 1n grabens 36
[Botany Bay Group]
252 Jurassic large-volume plume-related bimodal volcanism [Palmer
Land Volcanic Group and Graham Land Volcanic Group] 38
253J urassic—Early Cretaceous basin sedimentation lmked to
Weddell Sea formation [Latady Basin] 40
2 6 Cretaceous—Palaeogene “Andean” Arc—Trench System and
Early Glacial Stages 42
261 Jurassic—Cenozoic accretion [LeMay Group and Scotla
Metamorphic Complex (Terrane A)] 42
262 Jurassic—Cretaceous fore-arc basin sedimentation
[Fossil Bluff Group and correlatives] 45
263 Subduction-related Cretaceous—Cenozoic magmatism
[Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group, Alexander Island Volcanic
Group, Antarctic Peninsula batholith] 51
264 Cretaceous—Cenozoic intra-arc sedimentation and
earliest glaciation 60
265 Cretaceous—Palaeogene back-arc deposition and basin
inversion [Larsen Basin] 63
2 7 Late Neogene—Present: Post-subduction Magmatism and
Main Glacial Stage 73
271 Neogene—Quaternary marine record 73
272 Neogene—Quaternary terrestrial volcanism and sedimentation
[James Ross Island Volcanic Group; Hobbs Glacier,
Cockbum Island and Mendel formations] 76
273A Quaternary marginal basin [Bransfield Strait volcanism] 79
2 8 Summary: Antarctic Peninsula — Dynamic Development of a Long-lived
Continental Margin 80
3 The Geology of West Antarctica 87
Christine Siddoway
3 1 Overview 87
3 2 Ellsworth—Whitmore Mountains Terrane U 90
3 3 Marie Byrd Land l'u 94
331 Ross Province ‘ u 97
332 Amundsen Province ilnliII ”
333 Fosdick Mountains migmatite-granite
3 4 Thurston Island/Eights Coast e 107
3 5 West Antarctic Rift Province u 108
351 Character of crust and lithosphere 109
3 6 nie gigfgtciläggucmmsj influence uPon ice—ocean dynamics 112
--_ nd T1m1ng of the WARS 112
361 Relationship between the Transantarctic Mountains and
362 West Antarct1c nfi system 112
Mesozoic development u
Contents VII
363 The Cenozoic: tectonic sedimentation, structural reactivation,
seismicity 1 18
364 Characteristics and origin of the Marie Byrd Land
volcanic province 122
365 Paleotopography and landscape rejuvenation 128
3 7 Conclusion 131
4 The Geology of the Transantarctic Mountains 132
John W Goodge
4 1 Overview 132
411 Physiography 134
412 History of geologic exploration 137
4 2 Stratigraphy and Geological Evolution 138
421 Precambrian basement 141
422 Neoproterozoic rift-margin successions 149
423 Early Paleozoic successions 156
424 Cambro-Ordovician granite batholith 165
425 Devonian magmatism 168
426 Paleozoic-Mesozoic Beacon Supergroup 168
427 Jurassic F errar magmas (F errar Group and Kirkpatrick Basalt) 176
428 Neogene Volcanic province 180
429 Neogene Glacial deposits and landscape
4 3 Geological Architecture/Structure 186
431 Crustal structure of Precambrian basement 186
432 Neoproterozoic rift margin 187
433 Active Ross margin of Gondwana 189
4331 Northern Victoria Land 190
4332 Southern Victoria Land 191
4333 Central TAM 191
4334 Southern TAM 193
4335 Ross deformation 193
4336 Ross magmatism
4337 Ross metamorphism 201
4338 Tectonic models for the Ross Orogen 206
434 Cenozoic uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains front and
West Antarctic rift system 211
4 4 Summery and Future of Geologic Research 216
5 The Shackleton Range and Surroundings 218
Georg Kleinschmidt
5 1 General Introduction 218
511 Topography 218
512 History 221
5 2 Shackleton Range 222
521 Geological overview 222
522 Unit I “Autochthon” 225
523 Unit II “Mount Wegener Nappe” 227
524 Unit III “Fuchs Dome Nappe” 229
V||| Contents
525 Windows
526 Unit IV (Ophiolite Complex) 238
527 Unit V (Högbom Nappe) 239
528 Middle Cambrian trilobite shales 240
529 Molasse (Blaiklock Glacier Group) 241
5 2 10 The “Kuin Peneplain”
5 2 11 Permo-Carboniferous (Beacon Supergroup) and hanging beds 24%
5 2 12 Mafic dykes :23
5 2 13 Major faults
5 2 14 Mesozoic evolution of the Shackleton Range
(Vanished Mesozoic basins)
5 2 15 Meteorite “Mt Wegener”
5 3 Theron Mountains 246
5 4 Whichaway Nunataks 248
5 5 Bertrab, Littlewood, Moltke Nunataks h
5 6 Relationship of the Shackleton Range and its further Surroundings 251
6 Geology and Geodynamic Evolution of Dronning Maud Land,
East Antarctica 254
Andreas Läufer
6 1 Introduction 254
6 2 Early Exploration 256
6 3 Regional Geology 257
631 Westem Dronning Maud Land 257
6311 The Grunehogna Craton 257
6312 The Maud Belt 259
632 Central Dronning Maud Land 264
633 Eastern Dronning Maud Land 279
6 4 Geodynamic Evolution: A Synthesis 285
641 The Grunehogna Craton 286
642 The Grenville Orogen and Rodinia: The Maud Belt 287
643 From Rodinia to Gondwana: orogenic quiescence or continued
tectonism? The post-Rodinia rift and drift stage 288
644 The Pan—African Orogen and the amalgamation of the Gondwana
supercontinent: The East African-Antarctic Orogen (or:
Liitzow Holm Belt) and the Kuunga Orogen 289
645 The break—up of Gondwana, formation of the Antarctic passive
continental margin and landscape evolution 292
6451 The Karoo Plume and Karoo volcanism 292
6452 Rift Structures: The Jutul—Penck—Graben 293
6453 Uplift and denudation history of Dronning Maud Land 293
7 Lambert Glacier Area (East Antarctica between 45° E and 85° E) _ „ 296
A Läufer, E Lisker, N W Roland, G Kleinschmidt
General Introduction
711 Geography „-22 ÄÄIIIIIIIIIIIIIÄIIICIIIIÄIZI IIIIIIIIIIIÄIIÄI
712 Historic exploration iiiiiiiiiiiiiii H 299
713 Stations II IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiI II2IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII III: 300
Contents IX
7 2 Geological Overview 300
7 3 Cratonic Regions 303
731 The Napier Craton 303
732, Cratonic Parts of the Prince Charles Mountains 304
733 Small cratons further east (Eastern Prydz Bay with Larseman
Hills, Rauer Group, Vestfold Hills) 310
7 4 Meso—Neoproterozoic (Grenvillian) Belts West of the Lambert Glacier:
The Rayner Belt/Complex and the Fisher Complex 311
7 5 Pan-African of the Prince Charles Mountains and Further East of the
Lambert Glacier 313
7 6 The Lambert Graben 315
761 Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentation within the
Lambert Graben 315
762 Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Lambert Graben 318
763 Neogene landscape evolution 319
7 7 The Great Enigma: the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains 319
8 The Geology of East Antarctica (between ~85° E and ~145° E) 322
Rene-Pierre Menot
8 1 Overview 322
8 2 Geology ofthe Different Domains 324
821 Kaiser-Wilhelm—II -Land — Queen Mary Land — Princess
Elizabeth Land 324
8211 Geology, Lithology, Geochemistry 324
8212 Structures, Deformation and Metamorphism 332
8213 Geochronology (Table 8—1) 332
8214 Geological Evolution and Interpretation 333
822 Wilkes Land 334
8221 Geology, Lithology, Geochemistry 337
8222 Structures, Deformation and Metamorphism 342
8223 Geochronology (Table 8-1) 345
8224 Geological Evolution 349
823 Terre Adélie — Western George V Land, i e the Terre Ade’lie
Craton (TAC) 353
8231 Geology, Lithology, Geochemistry 357
8232 Structures, Deformation and Metamorphism 370
8233 Geochronology (Tables 8-1 and 8—2) 375
8234 Geological Evolution 382
8 3 Geological Evolution of the Antarctic Australian Quadrant 387
831 Accretion of the “East Antarctic Shield” 387
832 Phanerozoic Evolution of the “East Antarctic Shield”,
Australian Quadrant — Syn-Gondwana Evolution 390
8321 Palaeozoic — Mesozoic Rifts 390
8322 Sedimentary Cover and Basins 391
8323 Giant Meteorite Impact 391
833 Australia —Antarctica Separation 392
X
Contents
9 The Mineral Resources of the Antarctic: Facts and Problems 393
Norbert W Roland
9 1 Introduction 393
9 2 Politics Influence on the Development and Economic Exploitation
of Antarctica 394
9 3 Arguments in Favour of the “Treasure House” Antarctica 396
9 4 Prospective Areas seen in the Gondwana Context 397
941 The Antarctic Peninsula and the South American Andes 397
942 The Weddell Sea Coast and Southeast Africa 399
943 East Antarctica and the Indian Subcontinent 400
944 East Antarctica and South-West Australia 401
945 Areas prospective for hydrocarbons 402
946 Prospective areas for polymetallic nodules and crusts 404
947 Areas prospective for diamonds 405
9 5 The Mineral Deposits of Antarctica 406
951 Coal 406
952 Iron ore 408
953 Platinum, nickel, copper and other metals from the
Dufek Intrusion 409
954 Base metals and precious metals of the Antarctic Peninsula 412
955 Uranium 417
956 Icebergs 417
9 6 Arguments in Favour for the “Frozen Account” Antarctica 420
961 Accessibility 420
962 Difficulties in exploration 422
963 Types of deposits unlikely in Antarctica 422
964 Aspects of mining economics 423
9 7 Summary and Outlook 424
10 The Palaeontological Record of Antarctica 426
Michael R A Thomson
10 1 Introduction 426
10 1 1 How representative is the fossil record of Antarctica? 427
10 2 Late Precambrian and Eocambrian 429
10 3 Cambrian 431
10 4 Ordovician and Silurian 434
10 5 Devonian 436
10 5 1 Invertebrate faunas and trace fossil assemblages 436
10 5 2 Early floras 438
10 5 3 Vertebrates — fish faunas 439
10 6 Carboniferous 439
10 7 Permian 441
10 7 1 Invertebrates — the few 442
10 7 2 Glossopteris floras 442
10 8 Triassic 444
10 8 1 Invertebrate faunas and trace fossil assemblages 444
10 8 2 Floras — all change 445
10 8 3 Gondwana amphibians and reptiles 447
Contents XI
10 9 Jurassic 448
10 9 1 Invertebrate faunas of land and sea 449
10 9 2 Floras 452
10 9 3 Vertebrate faunas — fish and dinosaurs 454
10 10 Cretaceous 455
10 10 1 Invertebrates — a rich variety 456
10 10 2 Floras — the angiosperrns appear 459
10 10 3 Vertebrates —dinosaurs and more 463
10 11 Palaeogene 465
10 11 1 Invertebrates — after the KT event 467
10 11 2 Floras — angiosperms everywhere 470
10 11 3 Vertebrates — something of everything 472
10 12 Neogene 474
10 12 1 Invertebrates — scallops abound 475
10 12 2 Flora — struggling with the climate 477
10 12 3 Vertebrates — the first whales 479
10 13 Benath the Ice 479
10 13 1 Glacial erratics on land 479
10 13 2 New exposures resulting from ice retreat 480
10 13 3 Reworked clasts and fossils within in situ strata 480
10 13 4 Marine dredge samples and shallow cores 481
10 13 5 ‘Deep’ drilling 483
10 13 6 Biology in the rear-view mirror 484
References 485
Index 597
The Geology of the Antarctic Continent The present volume provides a comprehensive overview of the geology of the Antarctic continent. It is principally based on the meagre 1% of ice-free area of Antarctica and geophysical data. The only previous, fairly comprehensive treatment of Antarctic geology was published more than 25 year ago. Since then, our knowledge about the geology of the continent has increased immensely; despite the km-thick ice shield, which covers large parts of Antárcticas geology, particularly at its center. An outstanding feature of this book is that it combines the present knowledge in just one sing/e volume. Following an introduction with a geographic outline and a general synopsis of Antarctic geology, individual chapters describe the regional geology of the seven main physiographic regions of Antarctica in detail: ֊ the Antarctic Peninsula, - West Antarctica (Marie Byrd Land and Enderby Land), - Transantarctic Mountains, - the Shackleton Range and its surroundings (including the Bertrab, Littlewood and Moltke Nunataks), ֊ Dronning Maud Land, - Lambert Glacier and the area surrounding it, - East Antarctica from Kaiser-Wilhelm-ll.-Land to George V Land/Terre Adélie. All seven chapters were written by acknowledged specialists in their field. Each chapter contains a topographic, historical and geological overview, a description of the respective geological units, their stratigraphy and related data and the tectonic structure of the respective region. Mostly, the findings are placed in a continent-wide/plate tectonic/geological context. The book closes
with chapters on the mineral resources and the palaeontological record of the Antarctic continent. Even if the Antarctic Treaty System prohibits prospection and any exploitation of mineral resources in Antarctica at this time, occurrences of iron, other metal and coal deposits are known, and many more do probably exist. The mineral resources chapter does not just deal with known and presumed deposits, but also highlights environmental problems and relevant international treaties, economic issues and practical or general problems. The Antarctic ice is the largest fresh water resource on Earth. All nine authors are or have been active field geologists in the corresponding Antarctic regions and are affiliated with American, British, French and German research institutions. The book addresses researchers, students of geosciences, geologists and all other scientists interested in Antarctic science in general. |
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| spelling | The geology of the Antarctic continent edited by Georg Kleinschmidt Stuttgart Borntraeger Science Publishers 2021 XI, 613 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde Band 33 Tektonik (DE-588)4059351-4 gnd rswk-swf Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd rswk-swf Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd rswk-swf Antarktis (DE-588)4002208-0 gnd rswk-swf geophysical data Antarctic science tectonic mineral resources stratigraphy (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Antarktis (DE-588)4002208-0 g Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 s Tektonik (DE-588)4059351-4 s Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 s DE-604 Kleinschmidt, Georg 1938- (DE-588)123455278 edt Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde Band 33 (DE-604)BV000002904 33 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032494234&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032494234&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | The geology of the Antarctic continent Beiträge zur regionalen Geologie der Erde Tektonik (DE-588)4059351-4 gnd Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd |
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| title | The geology of the Antarctic continent |
| title_auth | The geology of the Antarctic continent |
| title_exact_search | The geology of the Antarctic continent |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The geology of the Antarctic continent |
| title_full | The geology of the Antarctic continent edited by Georg Kleinschmidt |
| title_fullStr | The geology of the Antarctic continent edited by Georg Kleinschmidt |
| title_full_unstemmed | The geology of the Antarctic continent edited by Georg Kleinschmidt |
| title_short | The geology of the Antarctic continent |
| title_sort | the geology of the antarctic continent |
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