Comrade Kerensky: the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917)
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Cambridge
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[2021]
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| Schriftenreihe: | New Russian thought
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| Beschreibung: | Originally published in Russian as B.I. Kolonickij: "Tovarišč Kerenskij": antimonarchičeskaja revoljucija i formirovanie kulʹty "voždja naroda" (mart-ijunʹ 1917 goda) © Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, Moscow, 2017 |
| Beschreibung: | x, 374 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Portraits |
| ISBN: | 9781509533640 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Comrade Kerensky |b the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) |c Boris Kolonitskii ; translated by Arch Tait |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements Introduction I II 1 Revolutionary Biography and PoliticalAuthority 12 1 2 3 4 5 12 21 27 43 Biographies and biographers The youth of the Leader ‘Tribune of the people’ ‘Hero of the revolution’ ‘Champion of freedom’ and the cult of champions of freedom 54 ‘Revolutionary Minister’ 67 1 2 3 4 67 78 91 The great conciliator The omnipresent ‘minister of the people’s truth’ ‘Democratic minister’ ‘Minister of revolutionary theatricality’ and ‘poet of the revolution’ 5 ‘Great martyr of the revolution’ 6 Kerensky as Louis Blanc: features of the Bolsheviks’ political propaganda 7 ‘Rebellious slaves’ and the ‘great citizen’ III viii 98 114 122 129 ‘Leader of the Revolutionary Army’ 146 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 146 159 169 179 190 203 212 The iron discipline of duty The visit to Helsingfors The ‘Kerensky Declaration’ ‘Tireless victor’: Kerensky at the front ‘Wanted: a Napoleon’: Kerensky and Bonapartism The Bolshoy Theatre and the birth of the New Man Kerensky and the Socialist Revolutionary Party
vi IV Contents The ‘Kerensky Offensive’ 231 1 ‘Commender-in-chief : rhetorical preparations for the offensive 2 ‘Kerensky’ and ‘Lenin’ 3 The June Crisis and the June Offensive 4 A popular ‘brand’ and symbol of the revolution 235 249 260 280 Conciusion 295 Notes Index 310 367
Index Abraham, Richard 6 Academy of Sciences 13 Alexander III, Tsar 22 Alexander Military College 288 Alexeyev, General Mikhail 112, 146, 147,170, 195, 196, 199, 227, 229, 235, 299, 306 All-Russia Assembly of Soviets 116 All-Russia Conference of Bolshevik Military Organizations 177 All-Russia Conference of Military Organizations 277 All-Russia Congress of Officers’ Deputies 113 All-Russia Congress of Peasant Deputies 63, 113, 153 All-Russia Congress of Representatives of Cadet Corps 188 All-Russia Congress of Soviets 35-6, 245, 265-6, 268 All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies 236 All-Russia Congress of Teachers 57, 104 All-Russia Congress of Trade and Industry Workers 33 All-Russia Constituent Assembly 199 All-Russia Peasant Union 14,18, 28 Altfater, Admiral Vasiliy 157 Andreyev, Leonid 140,141, 143 Anet, Claude 169 anti-Semitism 34 April Crisis 51, 70, 103, 122, 126, 129-34,141-5, 146, 163, 192, 210, 217, 284, 302 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 129, 135-45 and Lenin/Leninists 254—6, 259 Armand, Lidiya (née Tumpovskaya) 41 Kerensky 19-20,30,31,32 armed forces and the April Crisis 134 and biographies of Kerensky 18-19 Caucasian Infantry Artillery Brigade 143 and the champions of freedom cult 54-5, 59-60 ‘democratization’ of 69, 232, 234 and Finland 160 and the Kerensky cult 307, 308 and Kerensky as minister of war 128, 247 and Kerensky’s Bonapartist image 197, 198-9, 200 and Kerensky’s ill health 121 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 143 leader cults of military commanders (the vozhď) 298-9, 300 and the Leninists 253^1 and the
Milyukov Days 130-1 see also June Offensive; navy; soldiers; war minister, Kerensky as Armenia, Dashnaktsutyun Party 28-9 asceticism of Kerensky 118 Astrakhan, Khanan 128 Austria-Hungary 57, 70
368 Index authoritarian political culture 295-7, 307, 309 autumn crisis (1917) 6 Averchenko, Arkadiy 143 badges 11,288,306 Balinsky, Iosif 56 Balmashev, Stepan 285 Balmont, Konstantin 206 Baltic Fleet 60, 119,151,220 and the June Crisis 269 and the‘Kerensky Declaration’ 174 and Kerensky’s Helsingfors visit 159-60, 162-3,163-4, 168-9 Lenin versus Kerensky 249 Baranovskaya, Olga 24 Bardizh, Kondrat 244 Beilis, Menahem 34 Bely, Andrey 203-4, 207, 208, 209 Belykh, Grigoriy 286 Benois, Alexander 95, 276 Berdyaev, Nikolai 203 Berezin, Mikhail 133 biographies of Kerensky 5-7,12-21 and biographers 12-21 and the champion of freedom cult 55, 65, 66 early life 21-4 and Kerensky’s ill health 121-2 as a political lawyer 24—7 Birzhevye vedomosti newspaper 271 Black Hundreds 33, 34 Black Sea Fleet 118, 146, 153-4, 252 and the champions of freedom cult 59,62 and the June Offensive 235 and the Provisional Government 72 Blanc, Louis 192 Kerensky as 122-9 Bleikhman, Iosif 200 Blok, Alexander 272 Bloody Sunday (1905) 25 Bogdanov, Alexander, article on authoritarian leaders 295-7, 298, 307, 309 Bogoraz, Vladimir see Tan (Vladimir Bogoraz) Bolsheviks 249-60 and biographies of Kerensky 15 and the champions of freedom 56 criticisms of Kerensky 38, 127-8, 229, 230 and the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 173^1,175-9 and the February Revolution 46 and the July Days 232, 278, 279, 280, 293, 304 and the June Crisis 262-3, 266, 267, 268 and the June Offensive 236, 244, 274-5, 278, 303 and the Kerensky cult 307, 308 and Kerensky as Leader 302 and Kerensky as minister of justice 90, 122-9 and Kerensky as
political lawyer 28, 29,127 and Kerensky’s Helsingfors visit 164-5,166-8 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 138-9 and Kerensky’s ‘theatricality’ 210 and Lenin 252-3, 256-7, 258, 297 meetings with Kerensky 38 and Milyukov 255 and the Myasoyedov Affair 39 Soldatskaya pravda newspaper 51, 128 and the war issue 69-70 Bolshoy Theatre auction of portraits 286 speech 98, 101, 105, 106-7, 203, 204-10,221,228 Bonapartism, and the French Revolution 295-6 Bonapartist image of Kerensky 77-8, 97, 107, 173, 190-203, 224, 229, 303 on a white horse 261-2 Bosh, Yevgenia 29 Branting, Karl 18 Breshko-Breshkovskaya, Yekaterina 15-16,18, 57, 112,122,214,217, 221, 225, 226, 242, 285 ‘Grandmother of the Russian Revolution’ cult 62, 63-5 Breshko-Breshkovsky, Nikolai 143 Britain, and the June Offensive 240, 241
Index Brusilov, General Alexey 18, 147,180, 199, 288, 306 and the June Offensive 235,270-1, 272-3, 275, 278 Brutskus, Ber 41 Buchanan, George 1 Bunakov, Ilia 243-4 the Bund 79 Burtsev, Vladimir 18 busts of Kerensky 198, 287, 306 Bykhovsky, Naum 215 Cadets see Constitutional Democratic Party (the Cadets) caricatures of Kerensky 190-1 Carnot, Lazare 193 cartoons 11,75,85 Caucasian Corps 180, 187 Chaikovsky, Nikolai 15-16,202 champions of freedom cult 15, 54-65, 122, 187, 260, 300, 308 Chapygin, Alexey 41 charismatic leadership 3 see also leader cults Cherkassky, Mikhail 157 Chernov, Victor 8, 26, 56, 67, 75-6, 106,196, 212, 218-20, 225, 226, 227, 285, 297 and Kerensky’s Bolshoy Theatre speech 206, 207 on Kerensky’s theatricality 109-10, 114 Chkheidze, Nikolai 32, 37, 45, 46, 49, 52, 79, 214 Lenin’s criticism of 125, 127, 128 Christ, Kerensky compared with 20, 183 Coalition Provisional Government and the June Offensive 241 and Kerensky’s influence 302-3 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 218 collective letters, as source material 8-9 concert rallies 101-2,103-5,106-7, 129, 130, 282-3, 284 Bolshoy Theatre 98, 101, 105, 106-7, 203, 204-10, 221, 228, 284 congratulations, as source material 8-9 369 conspiracy theories 39^10 Constitutional Democratic Party (the Cadets) 4, 70 and the April Crisis 132-3,141, 255-6 Congress 59, 90 and the June Offensive 303 and the ‘Kerensky Declaration’ 172-3 and the Leninists 251 and Milyukov 297-8 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 217-18 see also Rech newspaper Cossack Congress 244, 245 Cossack regiments and the June Crisis 269-70 and
the June Offensive 276-7 Soviet of the Union of Cossack Troops 299 Crimean War 59 d’Annunzio, Gabriele 102 Danton, Georges 192, 194 death penalty, abolition of 84, 90, 121 Decembrists, and the champions of freedom cult 58, 61, 62 Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 168, 169, 170-9,210, 227,249 and Leninists 258 Dekonsky, Pavel 224-5 Delo naroda newspaper 137,139-40, 153, 170, 190, 214, 216, 217, 220, 225-6, 241-2, 296-7, 303 democracy and authoritarianism in Russia 296 Kerensky as Leader of Democracy 91-8, 299 Kerensky as the symbol of 290 Democratic Conference 195-6 Denikin, General Anton 10,233 diaries 10 Dolgorukov, Prince P. D. 59 Dragomirov, General Abram 147 Drutskov-Sokolinsky, Vladimir 284 dual power system 11, 69-70 Dukmeyer, Friedrich 23 Duma see State Duma Dybenko, Pavel 174
370 Index Dzevaltovsky, Captain Ignatiy 173, 236, 237, 279 Easter, and the February Revolution 110 Ehrenburg, Ilya 249 Eidelman, Natan 112 Eisenstein, Sergey 191, 201 emotions, in biographies of Kerensky 20-1 Engelgardt, Colonel Boris 157 English civil war 3 Ennker, Benno 3, 4 Fadeyeva, Ira 101 Farmborough, Florence 183, 184 February Days 46-54, 56, 70, 283, 301,302 Kerensky as Leader of Democracy 299 and Kerensky’s ill health 115 Kerensky’s role 48-50, 53, 65, 68 postcards depicting prominent figures 78-9 and the war issue 216-17, 241 February Revolution and the glorification of military leaders 299 and Kerensky’s Duma speeches 43-6 Kerensky’s importance in 4, 5 and religion 110 and Russian prisons 79-80 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 213 Fedyuk, Vladimir 9, 172 Figner, Vera 57, 63, 122, 285 Filatovich, B. 120 Filippov, Lieutenant I. 237 films and the champions of freedom cult 58 October 191 Filosofov, Dmitry 41,96, 187,284, 291 Finland 101 criticisms of Kerensky in 229 Helsingfors visit 72, 111, 159-69 Kerensky’s Bonapartist image in 197 nationalist movement 160,169 First World War 38^10 and the citizen-soldier 158 Kerensky’s attitude to 35-6, 37, 42 and leader cults 298 and the Milyukov Note 129-30 and revolutionary defencists 70-1 spymania campaign 39-40 the war issue after the February Revolution 69-71 see also armed forces; June Offensive; soldiers; war minister, Kerensky as The Firstborn of Freedom (Merezhkovsky) 61 flowers, Kerensky presented with 104, 105, 161, 205, 207 France 191-2 French Revolutions 121, 123, 124, 125, 192,193-4, 200, 295 and the June
Offensive 240, 241, 243, 244 Paris Commune 192 wartime army 231, 234 Frank, Semyon 247 Freemasonry 33-4,42,108, 291, 302 French Revolutions 121,123, 124, 125, 192, 193—4, 200, 295 Frenkel, Zakhariy 291 funerals, and the champions of freedom cult 58 Furmanov, Dmitry 114 Galili, Ziva 144 Galpern, Alexander 33,46 Gambetta, Léon 193 Germany 70 and the June Offensive 231-2, 234, 240, 241, 242-3, 244 Spartacists 137 Gershuni, Grigoriy 285 Gema, Boris 191 Gessen, Iosif 80 Gippius, Natalia 284 Gippius, Tatiana 142-3, 284 Gippius, Zinaida 61, 96,142,187, 231, 284,291 Glazunov, Alexander 206 Godnev, Ivan 79
Index Gogol, Nikolai, The Government Inspector 23 Golikov, Andrey 6 Golos soldata (the Soldier’s Voice) newspaper 197 Golovin, General Nikolai 233-4 Gorky, Maxim 18 Gots, Abram 206,213-14,216 ‘great martyr of the revolution’ 114-22 Great Orient of the Peoples of Russia 33 Grechaninov, Alexander 206 Grenadier Guards Regiment 236-7 Groza (The Storm) newspaper 264, 279 Guchkov, Alexander 18, 41, 92, 124, 127, 151, 157,209 speech and resignation 133-5, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 149 Gukovsky, Alexander 216 Gurko, General 199 Hegel, G. W. F. 123-4 Helsingfors and the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 177 Kerensky’s visit to 72, 111, 159-69, 195, 229 Soviet 89, 116 Volna newspaper 197 ‘hero of the army’image 187-8,304 ‘hero of the revolution’ image 43-54 Heroes of the Day: Biographical Essays (magazine) 18 historians and Kerensky 4—5, 5-7 Hitler, Adolf 102, 309 The Internationale 129, 245-6 Ioffe, Genrikh 6 Italian Freemasons 34 Ivan III, Tsar 77 Ivanov, General Nikolai 89 Izmailovsky Guards Regiment 276 Izvestiya (The News) 250-1, 251-2 Izvestiya Komiteta zhurnalistov (News of the Journalists’ Committee) newspaper 52 371 Jews 40, 79, 264 anti-Semitism 34 Jewish Democratic Group 41 July Days 18, 248, 278-80, 281, 293, 304, 308 June Crisis 177,248,262-78,281 June Offensive 121, 143, 179,191, 23148, 262, 268-80, 292, 3034 causes of Russian army defeat 2324 the ‘democratized army’ 232, 234 Eastern Front 232 and the June Crisis 265 and the Kerensky cult 303, 305, 307 Kerensky’s visits to the front 235 military committees 240 Northern Front 235 and portraits of Kerensky 286
propaganda 234-5 Romanian Front 232, 235, 237, 240, 252 rumours of Kerensky leading the attack 272-3 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 213 Southwestern Front 231-2,233, 235, 236, 238, 240, 263, 268, 293 justice minister, Kerensky as 67-119 the Bolsheviks and Kerensky as Louis Blanc 122-9 criticisms of 229 the great conciliator 67-78 and ill health 114-19,131 as ‘Leader of Democracy’ 91-8 ‘minister of the people’s truth’ 78-91 Order No. 1 13 press and propaganda 13 and state power 300 theatricality 98-114 Kalyaev, Ivan 285 Kamenev, Lev 123, 175, 200 Kannegiser, Leonid 260-1, 262 Kerenskaya, Olga 534, 63 Kerensky, Alexander appearance in biographies 17 Bonapartist image 201-2 dress/jackets 94-8, 181,228
372 Index Kerensky, Alexander (cont.) arrest and imprisonment 25-6, 27 assassination attempts on 119, 120, 144 autobiographies/self-portraits 5-6 birth 21 early life 21—4 family background 22 and the February Days 46-54 and Finland 160 and Freemasonry 33—1 gaze 18 hand-shaking 92, 93, 97, 112 health issues 23,40-1, 114-22, 131 and historians 4-5 hugging and kissing 112-13,114 The Kornilov Affair 5 marriage and family life 24 memoirs 129, 145 personality 17 as a political defence lawyer 24-30, 42 speculation about Jewish ancestry 22 theatricality of 98-114, 210, 211 see also justice minister, Kerensky as; leader cults; Provisional Government; speeches; war minister, Kerensky as Kerensky, Fyodor Mikhailovich 22 Kerensky, Nadezhda (née Adler) 22, 23 Kerensky Legion 288 Kerensky Volost Assembly 289 Kharkov University 56-7 Khaustov, Flavian 277 Kibalchich, Nikolai 21 Kiev Republican Military Union 148 Kiriäköv, Vasiliy 290 biographical writings on Kerensky 14-16, 19,20, 21,23-4,26, 30 Kirov, Sergey 126-7 Kishkin, Nikolai 54 Kolchak, Admiral Alexander 59, 60, 62, 146, 306 Kollontai, Alexandra 167-8 Koonen, Alisa 99-100, 107, 109 Kornilov, General Lavr 6, 83,100, 191, 194, 246-7, 286, 291, 299, 300, 306, 308 The Kornilov Affair (Kerensky) 5 Kotlyarevsky, Nestor 13 Koźmin, Andrey, Kerensky’s letter to 152-3 Krasnov, General Pyotr 191 Kravkov, Vasiliy 182 Kronshtadt prisons 90 Soviet 88, 90-1, 126 Kropotkin, Peter 18 Krylenko, Nikolai 190, 277 Krymsky vestnik (Crimean Herald) 147-8 Kuban Cossacks 244 Kuprin, Alexander 208 Kuropatkin, General Alexey 40,157, 184 Kusevitsky, Sergey 208
Kushchenko, Sergey 79 Lakier, Yelena 188-9 Land and Freedom movement 26 Latsis, Martin 274 Lavrov, Ensign N. 207, 208 Lazimir, Pavel 251 Le Bon, Gustave 109 leader cults 3-4, 6, 7,10,295-309 and authoritarian political culture 295-7, 307 Bogdanov on 295-6 Kerensky 4, 7, 11, 293֊4, 299-301, 302-9 in biographies 17-18,19, 20 champion of freedom 15,54-65, 122, 187, 260, 300, 303, 308 contributions from writers and artists 306 hero of the army 187-9, 304 and ill health 116-19,122 and the June Offensive 304 Leader of Democracy 91-8,299 Leader of the people 227, 308 Leader of the revolution 51, 54, 145, 304-5 Leader of the revolutionary army 219, 228-9, 280, 297, 299-300, 303 Leader on a white horse image 260-2, 280 as minister of war 159, 303 in poems 292
Index and the ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 144, 145 see also Bonapartism Lenin Ъ-Հ, 259-60, 293, 297, 300, 309 of military commanders 298-9 Milyukov 297-8 Plekhanov 298 Stalin 4, 293, 300, 304, 309 League of Youth 257 Left Socialist Revolutionaries 217 and biographies of Kerensky 19, 20 and the June Crisis 262, 268 and Kerensky’s Helsingfors visit 163 and Lenin 253 and the war issue 69, 70 legality, domination by virtue of 3 legitimation of revolutions 2-3 Lena goldfields investigation 30 Lenin, Vladimir 18, 22, 122-9, 229 ‘Against the Riot-Mongers’ 126 April Theses 249, 250 and the champions of freedom cult 56, 60 Collected Works 8 and the First World War 69-70 historians on 6 and the June Crisis 263-4, 266 and Kerensky 38,99, 123, 127, 129, 258-60 and Kerensky as Napoleon 194-5, 197 leader cult of 3 4,259-60, 293, 297, 309 and Leninists 249-58, 259 ‘Letters from Afar’ 123 and the Milyukov Note 256 portraits of 288 on the Provisional Government 77 ‘The Revolution in Russia and the Tasks of the Workers of All Countries’ 124 ‘The Tasks of the Proletariat in our Revolution’ 125 ‘The Tasks of the Russian SocialDemocratic Labour Party in the Russian Revolution’ 124 373 Leonidov, Oleg, The Leader of Freedom, A. F. Kerensky 16-17, 20, 28, 30, 32,40, 75, 84, 116-17 Lesnaya, Lidiya, A. F. Kerensky 291-2 letters 10, 100-1 collective 8-9 Leving, Staff Captain G. A. 119 Liebknecht, Karl 18, 242 Litolff, Henry 206 Lloyd George, David 18 Lockhart, Bruce 207 Lordkipanidze, Ivan 240 love in biographies of Kerensky 17,18, 21 veneration of Kerensky 112-13, 209 Lukash, Ivan 143 Luki, Velikiye
87 Lunacharsky, Anatoliy 114,200,210 Lvov, Prince Georgiy 158,277,299 Lvov, Vladimir 79, 99 Lyatsky, Yevgeny 291 Maiskaya, Anna Markovna 79 Maklakov, Vasiliy 4, 27, 80, 212, 221 on Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 141-2 Malen’kaya gazeta (Little Newspaper) 85, 270-1 Marat, Jean-Paul 121, 192, 194 Markov, Nikolai 33 The Marseillaise 103, 104, 105, 129, 169, 204, 205, 245, 261, 293 Martov, Julius 8 Marx, Karl ‘The Class Struggle in France from 1848 to 1850’ 123 ‘The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte’ 123 mass culture, and the champions of freedom cult 58 Maximov, Admiral Andrey 160,163, 164, 168 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 191, 201 Melancon, Michael 38 memoirs 10-11 memory politics, and the champions of freedom cult 56, 58-9, 61
374 Index Mensheviks and the April Crisis 133,134,141, 144 and biographies of Kerensky 19 criticisms of Kerensky 229 and the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 175, 178 and the February Revolution 46 and the June Crisis 267 and the June Offensive 275, 277, 303 and Kerensky 74-5 and the Kerensky cult 305, 308 and Kerensky’s Bonapartist image 202 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 133, 138, 140, 144, 145 and Leninists 250 and the Provisional Government 72,76 and the State Duma 32 and the war issue 69, 70, 130 Merezhkovsky, Dmitry 187, 284, 291 The Decembrists 61 The Firstborn of Freedom 61 Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke 60 Mikhailov, Timofey 21 Mikhailovsky, Nikolai 285 Military League 271-2 Milyukov, Pavel 8,10, 41,44, 47, 70-1, 74, 77,192, 201, 212, 284, 302 and the Bolsheviks 127,128 and Kerensky as minister of justice 80-1, 88, 92, 124, 127 leader cult of 297-8 the Milyukov Note 129-31,132, 217, 254-6, 302 Minin, Kuzma 111, 184,185, 193 The Minister’s Dream (Nevsky Farce Theatre) 280-3, 292 Minor, Osip 214 Mogilyov Kerensky’s visit to 101 Soviet 57, 89 monarchy, public attitudes to the tsarist regime 1-2, 4 Moore, Dmitry 190-1, 201 Morozov, Konstantin 226-7 Morozov, Nikolai 57, 122 Moscow Art Theatre 142, 143 Guards Regiment 279 Kerensky’s visits to 101 Soviet of Soldiers’Deputies 137, 148, 204, 207 Soviet of Workers’ Deputies 121 Mstislavsky (Maslovsky), Sergey 106 Muslims 40 Mussolini, Benito 102, 211, 309 Myasoyedov, Sergey 39 Nabokov, Vladimir D. 95, 258 name-changing 288-9 Narodnaya gazeta (People’s Newspaper) 23 Narodnaya pravda (People’s Truth) newspaper 14
Narodnaya vlast (Power of the People) publishing house 15 Narodnaya volya see the People’s Will Narodniks 15,16, 20, 21, 33, 175, 296, 297, 305 Narokov, Mikhail 106-7,108,109 navy 146 and the champions of freedom cult 60 ‘democratization’ of 69 see also Baltic Fleet; Black Sea Fleet Nekrasov, Nikolai 46, 291 Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vasiliy 107-9, 142, 208 Nepenin, Admiral Adrian 159-60 Nevsky, Vladimir 176 Nevsky Farce Theatre 280-3, 287, 292 New Man image 203^1, 209-11 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 143 newspapers 9-10 and biographies of Kerensky 15 and Bolshevik views on Kerensky 126 on the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 175, 176 on Kerensky as minister of justice 85-6 on Kerensky as minister of war 9, 121, 147-8, 148-9, 153^1, 158 on Kerensky’s Bonapartist image 195, 196-7, 199, 202
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Contents Acknowledgements Introduction I II 1 Revolutionary Biography and PoliticalAuthority 12 1 2 3 4 5 12 21 27 43 Biographies and biographers The youth of the Leader ‘Tribune of the people’ ‘Hero of the revolution’ ‘Champion of freedom’ and the cult of champions of freedom 54 ‘Revolutionary Minister’ 67 1 2 3 4 67 78 91 The great conciliator The omnipresent ‘minister of the people’s truth’ ‘Democratic minister’ ‘Minister of revolutionary theatricality’ and ‘poet of the revolution’ 5 ‘Great martyr of the revolution’ 6 Kerensky as Louis Blanc: features of the Bolsheviks’ political propaganda 7 ‘Rebellious slaves’ and the ‘great citizen’ III viii 98 114 122 129 ‘Leader of the Revolutionary Army’ 146 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 146 159 169 179 190 203 212 The iron discipline of duty The visit to Helsingfors The ‘Kerensky Declaration’ ‘Tireless victor’: Kerensky at the front ‘Wanted: a Napoleon’: Kerensky and Bonapartism The Bolshoy Theatre and the birth of the New Man Kerensky and the Socialist Revolutionary Party
vi IV Contents The ‘Kerensky Offensive’ 231 1 ‘Commender-in-chief : rhetorical preparations for the offensive 2 ‘Kerensky’ and ‘Lenin’ 3 The June Crisis and the June Offensive 4 A popular ‘brand’ and symbol of the revolution 235 249 260 280 Conciusion 295 Notes Index 310 367
Index Abraham, Richard 6 Academy of Sciences 13 Alexander III, Tsar 22 Alexander Military College 288 Alexeyev, General Mikhail 112, 146, 147,170, 195, 196, 199, 227, 229, 235, 299, 306 All-Russia Assembly of Soviets 116 All-Russia Conference of Bolshevik Military Organizations 177 All-Russia Conference of Military Organizations 277 All-Russia Congress of Officers’ Deputies 113 All-Russia Congress of Peasant Deputies 63, 113, 153 All-Russia Congress of Representatives of Cadet Corps 188 All-Russia Congress of Soviets 35-6, 245, 265-6, 268 All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies 236 All-Russia Congress of Teachers 57, 104 All-Russia Congress of Trade and Industry Workers 33 All-Russia Constituent Assembly 199 All-Russia Peasant Union 14,18, 28 Altfater, Admiral Vasiliy 157 Andreyev, Leonid 140,141, 143 Anet, Claude 169 anti-Semitism 34 April Crisis 51, 70, 103, 122, 126, 129-34,141-5, 146, 163, 192, 210, 217, 284, 302 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 129, 135-45 and Lenin/Leninists 254—6, 259 Armand, Lidiya (née Tumpovskaya) 41 Kerensky 19-20,30,31,32 armed forces and the April Crisis 134 and biographies of Kerensky 18-19 Caucasian Infantry Artillery Brigade 143 and the champions of freedom cult 54-5, 59-60 ‘democratization’ of 69, 232, 234 and Finland 160 and the Kerensky cult 307, 308 and Kerensky as minister of war 128, 247 and Kerensky’s Bonapartist image 197, 198-9, 200 and Kerensky’s ill health 121 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 143 leader cults of military commanders (the vozhď) 298-9, 300 and the Leninists 253^1 and the
Milyukov Days 130-1 see also June Offensive; navy; soldiers; war minister, Kerensky as Armenia, Dashnaktsutyun Party 28-9 asceticism of Kerensky 118 Astrakhan, Khanan 128 Austria-Hungary 57, 70
368 Index authoritarian political culture 295-7, 307, 309 autumn crisis (1917) 6 Averchenko, Arkadiy 143 badges 11,288,306 Balinsky, Iosif 56 Balmashev, Stepan 285 Balmont, Konstantin 206 Baltic Fleet 60, 119,151,220 and the June Crisis 269 and the‘Kerensky Declaration’ 174 and Kerensky’s Helsingfors visit 159-60, 162-3,163-4, 168-9 Lenin versus Kerensky 249 Baranovskaya, Olga 24 Bardizh, Kondrat 244 Beilis, Menahem 34 Bely, Andrey 203-4, 207, 208, 209 Belykh, Grigoriy 286 Benois, Alexander 95, 276 Berdyaev, Nikolai 203 Berezin, Mikhail 133 biographies of Kerensky 5-7,12-21 and biographers 12-21 and the champion of freedom cult 55, 65, 66 early life 21-4 and Kerensky’s ill health 121-2 as a political lawyer 24—7 Birzhevye vedomosti newspaper 271 Black Hundreds 33, 34 Black Sea Fleet 118, 146, 153-4, 252 and the champions of freedom cult 59,62 and the June Offensive 235 and the Provisional Government 72 Blanc, Louis 192 Kerensky as 122-9 Bleikhman, Iosif 200 Blok, Alexander 272 Bloody Sunday (1905) 25 Bogdanov, Alexander, article on authoritarian leaders 295-7, 298, 307, 309 Bogoraz, Vladimir see Tan (Vladimir Bogoraz) Bolsheviks 249-60 and biographies of Kerensky 15 and the champions of freedom 56 criticisms of Kerensky 38, 127-8, 229, 230 and the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 173^1,175-9 and the February Revolution 46 and the July Days 232, 278, 279, 280, 293, 304 and the June Crisis 262-3, 266, 267, 268 and the June Offensive 236, 244, 274-5, 278, 303 and the Kerensky cult 307, 308 and Kerensky as Leader 302 and Kerensky as minister of justice 90, 122-9 and Kerensky as
political lawyer 28, 29,127 and Kerensky’s Helsingfors visit 164-5,166-8 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 138-9 and Kerensky’s ‘theatricality’ 210 and Lenin 252-3, 256-7, 258, 297 meetings with Kerensky 38 and Milyukov 255 and the Myasoyedov Affair 39 Soldatskaya pravda newspaper 51, 128 and the war issue 69-70 Bolshoy Theatre auction of portraits 286 speech 98, 101, 105, 106-7, 203, 204-10,221,228 Bonapartism, and the French Revolution 295-6 Bonapartist image of Kerensky 77-8, 97, 107, 173, 190-203, 224, 229, 303 on a white horse 261-2 Bosh, Yevgenia 29 Branting, Karl 18 Breshko-Breshkovskaya, Yekaterina 15-16,18, 57, 112,122,214,217, 221, 225, 226, 242, 285 ‘Grandmother of the Russian Revolution’ cult 62, 63-5 Breshko-Breshkovsky, Nikolai 143 Britain, and the June Offensive 240, 241
Index Brusilov, General Alexey 18, 147,180, 199, 288, 306 and the June Offensive 235,270-1, 272-3, 275, 278 Brutskus, Ber 41 Buchanan, George 1 Bunakov, Ilia 243-4 the Bund 79 Burtsev, Vladimir 18 busts of Kerensky 198, 287, 306 Bykhovsky, Naum 215 Cadets see Constitutional Democratic Party (the Cadets) caricatures of Kerensky 190-1 Carnot, Lazare 193 cartoons 11,75,85 Caucasian Corps 180, 187 Chaikovsky, Nikolai 15-16,202 champions of freedom cult 15, 54-65, 122, 187, 260, 300, 308 Chapygin, Alexey 41 charismatic leadership 3 see also leader cults Cherkassky, Mikhail 157 Chernov, Victor 8, 26, 56, 67, 75-6, 106,196, 212, 218-20, 225, 226, 227, 285, 297 and Kerensky’s Bolshoy Theatre speech 206, 207 on Kerensky’s theatricality 109-10, 114 Chkheidze, Nikolai 32, 37, 45, 46, 49, 52, 79, 214 Lenin’s criticism of 125, 127, 128 Christ, Kerensky compared with 20, 183 Coalition Provisional Government and the June Offensive 241 and Kerensky’s influence 302-3 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 218 collective letters, as source material 8-9 concert rallies 101-2,103-5,106-7, 129, 130, 282-3, 284 Bolshoy Theatre 98, 101, 105, 106-7, 203, 204-10, 221, 228, 284 congratulations, as source material 8-9 369 conspiracy theories 39^10 Constitutional Democratic Party (the Cadets) 4, 70 and the April Crisis 132-3,141, 255-6 Congress 59, 90 and the June Offensive 303 and the ‘Kerensky Declaration’ 172-3 and the Leninists 251 and Milyukov 297-8 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 217-18 see also Rech newspaper Cossack Congress 244, 245 Cossack regiments and the June Crisis 269-70 and
the June Offensive 276-7 Soviet of the Union of Cossack Troops 299 Crimean War 59 d’Annunzio, Gabriele 102 Danton, Georges 192, 194 death penalty, abolition of 84, 90, 121 Decembrists, and the champions of freedom cult 58, 61, 62 Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 168, 169, 170-9,210, 227,249 and Leninists 258 Dekonsky, Pavel 224-5 Delo naroda newspaper 137,139-40, 153, 170, 190, 214, 216, 217, 220, 225-6, 241-2, 296-7, 303 democracy and authoritarianism in Russia 296 Kerensky as Leader of Democracy 91-8, 299 Kerensky as the symbol of 290 Democratic Conference 195-6 Denikin, General Anton 10,233 diaries 10 Dolgorukov, Prince P. D. 59 Dragomirov, General Abram 147 Drutskov-Sokolinsky, Vladimir 284 dual power system 11, 69-70 Dukmeyer, Friedrich 23 Duma see State Duma Dybenko, Pavel 174
370 Index Dzevaltovsky, Captain Ignatiy 173, 236, 237, 279 Easter, and the February Revolution 110 Ehrenburg, Ilya 249 Eidelman, Natan 112 Eisenstein, Sergey 191, 201 emotions, in biographies of Kerensky 20-1 Engelgardt, Colonel Boris 157 English civil war 3 Ennker, Benno 3, 4 Fadeyeva, Ira 101 Farmborough, Florence 183, 184 February Days 46-54, 56, 70, 283, 301,302 Kerensky as Leader of Democracy 299 and Kerensky’s ill health 115 Kerensky’s role 48-50, 53, 65, 68 postcards depicting prominent figures 78-9 and the war issue 216-17, 241 February Revolution and the glorification of military leaders 299 and Kerensky’s Duma speeches 43-6 Kerensky’s importance in 4, 5 and religion 110 and Russian prisons 79-80 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 213 Fedyuk, Vladimir 9, 172 Figner, Vera 57, 63, 122, 285 Filatovich, B. 120 Filippov, Lieutenant I. 237 films and the champions of freedom cult 58 October 191 Filosofov, Dmitry 41,96, 187,284, 291 Finland 101 criticisms of Kerensky in 229 Helsingfors visit 72, 111, 159-69 Kerensky’s Bonapartist image in 197 nationalist movement 160,169 First World War 38^10 and the citizen-soldier 158 Kerensky’s attitude to 35-6, 37, 42 and leader cults 298 and the Milyukov Note 129-30 and revolutionary defencists 70-1 spymania campaign 39-40 the war issue after the February Revolution 69-71 see also armed forces; June Offensive; soldiers; war minister, Kerensky as The Firstborn of Freedom (Merezhkovsky) 61 flowers, Kerensky presented with 104, 105, 161, 205, 207 France 191-2 French Revolutions 121, 123, 124, 125, 192,193-4, 200, 295 and the June
Offensive 240, 241, 243, 244 Paris Commune 192 wartime army 231, 234 Frank, Semyon 247 Freemasonry 33-4,42,108, 291, 302 French Revolutions 121,123, 124, 125, 192, 193—4, 200, 295 Frenkel, Zakhariy 291 funerals, and the champions of freedom cult 58 Furmanov, Dmitry 114 Galili, Ziva 144 Galpern, Alexander 33,46 Gambetta, Léon 193 Germany 70 and the June Offensive 231-2, 234, 240, 241, 242-3, 244 Spartacists 137 Gershuni, Grigoriy 285 Gema, Boris 191 Gessen, Iosif 80 Gippius, Natalia 284 Gippius, Tatiana 142-3, 284 Gippius, Zinaida 61, 96,142,187, 231, 284,291 Glazunov, Alexander 206 Godnev, Ivan 79
Index Gogol, Nikolai, The Government Inspector 23 Golikov, Andrey 6 Golos soldata (the Soldier’s Voice) newspaper 197 Golovin, General Nikolai 233-4 Gorky, Maxim 18 Gots, Abram 206,213-14,216 ‘great martyr of the revolution’ 114-22 Great Orient of the Peoples of Russia 33 Grechaninov, Alexander 206 Grenadier Guards Regiment 236-7 Groza (The Storm) newspaper 264, 279 Guchkov, Alexander 18, 41, 92, 124, 127, 151, 157,209 speech and resignation 133-5, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 149 Gukovsky, Alexander 216 Gurko, General 199 Hegel, G. W. F. 123-4 Helsingfors and the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 177 Kerensky’s visit to 72, 111, 159-69, 195, 229 Soviet 89, 116 Volna newspaper 197 ‘hero of the army’image 187-8,304 ‘hero of the revolution’ image 43-54 Heroes of the Day: Biographical Essays (magazine) 18 historians and Kerensky 4—5, 5-7 Hitler, Adolf 102, 309 The Internationale 129, 245-6 Ioffe, Genrikh 6 Italian Freemasons 34 Ivan III, Tsar 77 Ivanov, General Nikolai 89 Izmailovsky Guards Regiment 276 Izvestiya (The News) 250-1, 251-2 Izvestiya Komiteta zhurnalistov (News of the Journalists’ Committee) newspaper 52 371 Jews 40, 79, 264 anti-Semitism 34 Jewish Democratic Group 41 July Days 18, 248, 278-80, 281, 293, 304, 308 June Crisis 177,248,262-78,281 June Offensive 121, 143, 179,191, 23148, 262, 268-80, 292, 3034 causes of Russian army defeat 2324 the ‘democratized army’ 232, 234 Eastern Front 232 and the June Crisis 265 and the Kerensky cult 303, 305, 307 Kerensky’s visits to the front 235 military committees 240 Northern Front 235 and portraits of Kerensky 286
propaganda 234-5 Romanian Front 232, 235, 237, 240, 252 rumours of Kerensky leading the attack 272-3 and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 213 Southwestern Front 231-2,233, 235, 236, 238, 240, 263, 268, 293 justice minister, Kerensky as 67-119 the Bolsheviks and Kerensky as Louis Blanc 122-9 criticisms of 229 the great conciliator 67-78 and ill health 114-19,131 as ‘Leader of Democracy’ 91-8 ‘minister of the people’s truth’ 78-91 Order No. 1 13 press and propaganda 13 and state power 300 theatricality 98-114 Kalyaev, Ivan 285 Kamenev, Lev 123, 175, 200 Kannegiser, Leonid 260-1, 262 Kerenskaya, Olga 534, 63 Kerensky, Alexander appearance in biographies 17 Bonapartist image 201-2 dress/jackets 94-8, 181,228
372 Index Kerensky, Alexander (cont.) arrest and imprisonment 25-6, 27 assassination attempts on 119, 120, 144 autobiographies/self-portraits 5-6 birth 21 early life 21—4 family background 22 and the February Days 46-54 and Finland 160 and Freemasonry 33—1 gaze 18 hand-shaking 92, 93, 97, 112 health issues 23,40-1, 114-22, 131 and historians 4-5 hugging and kissing 112-13,114 The Kornilov Affair 5 marriage and family life 24 memoirs 129, 145 personality 17 as a political defence lawyer 24-30, 42 speculation about Jewish ancestry 22 theatricality of 98-114, 210, 211 see also justice minister, Kerensky as; leader cults; Provisional Government; speeches; war minister, Kerensky as Kerensky, Fyodor Mikhailovich 22 Kerensky, Nadezhda (née Adler) 22, 23 Kerensky Legion 288 Kerensky Volost Assembly 289 Kharkov University 56-7 Khaustov, Flavian 277 Kibalchich, Nikolai 21 Kiev Republican Military Union 148 Kiriäköv, Vasiliy 290 biographical writings on Kerensky 14-16, 19,20, 21,23-4,26, 30 Kirov, Sergey 126-7 Kishkin, Nikolai 54 Kolchak, Admiral Alexander 59, 60, 62, 146, 306 Kollontai, Alexandra 167-8 Koonen, Alisa 99-100, 107, 109 Kornilov, General Lavr 6, 83,100, 191, 194, 246-7, 286, 291, 299, 300, 306, 308 The Kornilov Affair (Kerensky) 5 Kotlyarevsky, Nestor 13 Koźmin, Andrey, Kerensky’s letter to 152-3 Krasnov, General Pyotr 191 Kravkov, Vasiliy 182 Kronshtadt prisons 90 Soviet 88, 90-1, 126 Kropotkin, Peter 18 Krylenko, Nikolai 190, 277 Krymsky vestnik (Crimean Herald) 147-8 Kuban Cossacks 244 Kuprin, Alexander 208 Kuropatkin, General Alexey 40,157, 184 Kusevitsky, Sergey 208
Kushchenko, Sergey 79 Lakier, Yelena 188-9 Land and Freedom movement 26 Latsis, Martin 274 Lavrov, Ensign N. 207, 208 Lazimir, Pavel 251 Le Bon, Gustave 109 leader cults 3-4, 6, 7,10,295-309 and authoritarian political culture 295-7, 307 Bogdanov on 295-6 Kerensky 4, 7, 11, 293֊4, 299-301, 302-9 in biographies 17-18,19, 20 champion of freedom 15,54-65, 122, 187, 260, 300, 303, 308 contributions from writers and artists 306 hero of the army 187-9, 304 and ill health 116-19,122 and the June Offensive 304 Leader of Democracy 91-8,299 Leader of the people 227, 308 Leader of the revolution 51, 54, 145, 304-5 Leader of the revolutionary army 219, 228-9, 280, 297, 299-300, 303 Leader on a white horse image 260-2, 280 as minister of war 159, 303 in poems 292
Index and the ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 144, 145 see also Bonapartism Lenin Ъ-Հ, 259-60, 293, 297, 300, 309 of military commanders 298-9 Milyukov 297-8 Plekhanov 298 Stalin 4, 293, 300, 304, 309 League of Youth 257 Left Socialist Revolutionaries 217 and biographies of Kerensky 19, 20 and the June Crisis 262, 268 and Kerensky’s Helsingfors visit 163 and Lenin 253 and the war issue 69, 70 legality, domination by virtue of 3 legitimation of revolutions 2-3 Lena goldfields investigation 30 Lenin, Vladimir 18, 22, 122-9, 229 ‘Against the Riot-Mongers’ 126 April Theses 249, 250 and the champions of freedom cult 56, 60 Collected Works 8 and the First World War 69-70 historians on 6 and the June Crisis 263-4, 266 and Kerensky 38,99, 123, 127, 129, 258-60 and Kerensky as Napoleon 194-5, 197 leader cult of 3 4,259-60, 293, 297, 309 and Leninists 249-58, 259 ‘Letters from Afar’ 123 and the Milyukov Note 256 portraits of 288 on the Provisional Government 77 ‘The Revolution in Russia and the Tasks of the Workers of All Countries’ 124 ‘The Tasks of the Proletariat in our Revolution’ 125 ‘The Tasks of the Russian SocialDemocratic Labour Party in the Russian Revolution’ 124 373 Leonidov, Oleg, The Leader of Freedom, A. F. Kerensky 16-17, 20, 28, 30, 32,40, 75, 84, 116-17 Lesnaya, Lidiya, A. F. Kerensky 291-2 letters 10, 100-1 collective 8-9 Leving, Staff Captain G. A. 119 Liebknecht, Karl 18, 242 Litolff, Henry 206 Lloyd George, David 18 Lockhart, Bruce 207 Lordkipanidze, Ivan 240 love in biographies of Kerensky 17,18, 21 veneration of Kerensky 112-13, 209 Lukash, Ivan 143 Luki, Velikiye
87 Lunacharsky, Anatoliy 114,200,210 Lvov, Prince Georgiy 158,277,299 Lvov, Vladimir 79, 99 Lyatsky, Yevgeny 291 Maiskaya, Anna Markovna 79 Maklakov, Vasiliy 4, 27, 80, 212, 221 on Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 141-2 Malen’kaya gazeta (Little Newspaper) 85, 270-1 Marat, Jean-Paul 121, 192, 194 Markov, Nikolai 33 The Marseillaise 103, 104, 105, 129, 169, 204, 205, 245, 261, 293 Martov, Julius 8 Marx, Karl ‘The Class Struggle in France from 1848 to 1850’ 123 ‘The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte’ 123 mass culture, and the champions of freedom cult 58 Maximov, Admiral Andrey 160,163, 164, 168 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 191, 201 Melancon, Michael 38 memoirs 10-11 memory politics, and the champions of freedom cult 56, 58-9, 61
374 Index Mensheviks and the April Crisis 133,134,141, 144 and biographies of Kerensky 19 criticisms of Kerensky 229 and the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 175, 178 and the February Revolution 46 and the June Crisis 267 and the June Offensive 275, 277, 303 and Kerensky 74-5 and the Kerensky cult 305, 308 and Kerensky’s Bonapartist image 202 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 133, 138, 140, 144, 145 and Leninists 250 and the Provisional Government 72,76 and the State Duma 32 and the war issue 69, 70, 130 Merezhkovsky, Dmitry 187, 284, 291 The Decembrists 61 The Firstborn of Freedom 61 Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke 60 Mikhailov, Timofey 21 Mikhailovsky, Nikolai 285 Military League 271-2 Milyukov, Pavel 8,10, 41,44, 47, 70-1, 74, 77,192, 201, 212, 284, 302 and the Bolsheviks 127,128 and Kerensky as minister of justice 80-1, 88, 92, 124, 127 leader cult of 297-8 the Milyukov Note 129-31,132, 217, 254-6, 302 Minin, Kuzma 111, 184,185, 193 The Minister’s Dream (Nevsky Farce Theatre) 280-3, 292 Minor, Osip 214 Mogilyov Kerensky’s visit to 101 Soviet 57, 89 monarchy, public attitudes to the tsarist regime 1-2, 4 Moore, Dmitry 190-1, 201 Morozov, Konstantin 226-7 Morozov, Nikolai 57, 122 Moscow Art Theatre 142, 143 Guards Regiment 279 Kerensky’s visits to 101 Soviet of Soldiers’Deputies 137, 148, 204, 207 Soviet of Workers’ Deputies 121 Mstislavsky (Maslovsky), Sergey 106 Muslims 40 Mussolini, Benito 102, 211, 309 Myasoyedov, Sergey 39 Nabokov, Vladimir D. 95, 258 name-changing 288-9 Narodnaya gazeta (People’s Newspaper) 23 Narodnaya pravda (People’s Truth) newspaper 14
Narodnaya vlast (Power of the People) publishing house 15 Narodnaya volya see the People’s Will Narodniks 15,16, 20, 21, 33, 175, 296, 297, 305 Narokov, Mikhail 106-7,108,109 navy 146 and the champions of freedom cult 60 ‘democratization’ of 69 see also Baltic Fleet; Black Sea Fleet Nekrasov, Nikolai 46, 291 Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vasiliy 107-9, 142, 208 Nepenin, Admiral Adrian 159-60 Nevsky, Vladimir 176 Nevsky Farce Theatre 280-3, 287, 292 New Man image 203^1, 209-11 and Kerensky’s ‘rebellious slaves’ speech 143 newspapers 9-10 and biographies of Kerensky 15 and Bolshevik views on Kerensky 126 on the Declaration of Soldiers’ Rights 175, 176 on Kerensky as minister of justice 85-6 on Kerensky as minister of war 9, 121, 147-8, 148-9, 153^1, 158 on Kerensky’s Bonapartist image 195, 196-7, 199, 202 |
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| author | Kolonickij, Boris Ivanovič 1955- |
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| id | DE-604.BV047084683 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:17:36Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:02:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781509533640 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032491416 |
| oclc_num | 1226481314 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | x, 374 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Portraits |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210514 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Polity |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | New Russian thought |
| spelling | Kolonickij, Boris Ivanovič 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)124304192 aut "Tovarišč Kerenskij" (antimonarchičeskaja revoljucija i formirovanie kulʹty "voždja naroda" (mart-ijunʹ 1917 goda), 2017) Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) Boris Kolonitskii ; translated by Arch Tait Cambridge Polity [2021] © 2021 x, 374 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Portraits txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier New Russian thought Originally published in Russian as B.I. Kolonickij: "Tovarišč Kerenskij": antimonarchičeskaja revoljucija i formirovanie kulʹty "voždja naroda" (mart-ijunʹ 1917 goda) © Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, Moscow, 2017 Kerenskij, Aleksandr F. 1881-1970 (DE-588)118721909 gnd rswk-swf Personenkult (DE-588)4173916-4 gnd rswk-swf Februarrevolution 1917 (DE-588)4153812-2 gnd rswk-swf Kerenskij, Aleksandr F. 1881-1970 (DE-588)118721909 p Februarrevolution 1917 (DE-588)4153812-2 s Personenkult (DE-588)4173916-4 s DE-604 Tait, Arch (DE-588)1231242876 trl Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032491416&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032491416&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Kolonickij, Boris Ivanovič 1955- Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) Kerenskij, Aleksandr F. 1881-1970 (DE-588)118721909 gnd Personenkult (DE-588)4173916-4 gnd Februarrevolution 1917 (DE-588)4153812-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118721909 (DE-588)4173916-4 (DE-588)4153812-2 |
| title | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) |
| title_alt | "Tovarišč Kerenskij" (antimonarchičeskaja revoljucija i formirovanie kulʹty "voždja naroda" (mart-ijunʹ 1917 goda), 2017) |
| title_auth | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) |
| title_exact_search | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) |
| title_full | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) Boris Kolonitskii ; translated by Arch Tait |
| title_fullStr | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) Boris Kolonitskii ; translated by Arch Tait |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comrade Kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) Boris Kolonitskii ; translated by Arch Tait |
| title_short | Comrade Kerensky |
| title_sort | comrade kerensky the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of the leader of the people march june 1917 |
| title_sub | the revolution against the monarchy and the formation of the cult of "The Leader of the People" (March-June 1917) |
| topic | Kerenskij, Aleksandr F. 1881-1970 (DE-588)118721909 gnd Personenkult (DE-588)4173916-4 gnd Februarrevolution 1917 (DE-588)4153812-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kerenskij, Aleksandr F. 1881-1970 Personenkult Februarrevolution 1917 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032491416&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032491416&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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