Latvia's ordeal: nation building in war and revolution
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Washington ; London
Academica Press
2020
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| Beschreibung: | xvii, 259 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781680539530 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Epilogue 33 CHAPTER 2 THE WARS AFTER THE WAR.35 1. Ulmanis’s government in Libau. 35 1.1. The Allies and the stationing of German troops in Latvia. 36 1.2. The Paris Peace Conference and the Latvian question. 38 1.3. German troops in the fight against Bolshevism. 40 2. The German-supported coup of April 16, 1919. 43 2.1. Stepping up the work of the Latvian delegation in Paris Peace Conference. 45 2.2. The Allies and the formation of a national coalition government. 49 2.3. The German “Latvian-Estonian War” of June 1919. 51 2.4. Allied support for Ulmanis’s return and the end of the war with Estonia. 53 3. German and White Russian collusion on Latvian soil. 57 3.1. The “restore order” offensive to Riga. 63 3.2. Interallied Commission to Examine the Evacuation of the Baltic Provinces. 69 3.3. War and expedient peace talks with Germany. 71 Epilogue.73 CHAPTER 3 BUILDING THE STATE IN A TIME OF PEACE. 75 1. Establishing
borders.75 1.1. The border with Estonia.75
Epilogue, 33 CHAPTER 2 THE WARS AFTER THE WAR.35 1. Ulmanis’s government in Libau.35 1.1. The Allies and the stationing of German troops in Latvia.36 1.2. The Paris Peace Conference and the Latvian question. 38 1.3. German troops in the fight against Bolshevism.40 2. The German-supported coup of April 16, 1919. 43 2.1. Stepping up the work of the Latvian delegation in Paris Peace Conference. 45 2.2. The Allies and the formation of a national coalition government. 49 2.3. The German “Latvian-Estonian War” of June 1919. 51 2.4. Allied support for Ulmanis’s return and the end of the war with Estonia. 53 3. German and White Russian collusion on Latvian soil. 57 3.1. The “restore order” offensive to Riga. 63 3.2. Interallied Commission to Examine the Evacuation of the Baltic Provinces. 69 3.3. War and expedient peace talks with Germany. 71 Epilogue.73 CHAPTER 3 BUILDING THE STATE IN A TIME OF PEACE.75 1. Establishing
borders.75 1.1. The border with Estonia. 75
1.2. The border with Lithuania. 77 1.3. The border with Poland. 77 2. Armistice negotiations with Soviet Russia. 78 2.1. Soviet Russia and a peace proposal. 78 2.2. The Baltic States’ positions on the Soviet proposal.79 2.3. The Latvian approach to armistice negotiations. 81 2.4. Pre-conditions to armistice negotiations. 83 2.5. Moscow negotiations and secret armistice agreement. 86 3. The peace treaty with Soviet Russia: borders and other questions.90 3.1. Latgale transfer as a pre-condition for an agreement.91 3.2. Peace negotiations.92 3.3. The Peace Treaty and Latvia’s de jure recognition by Soviet Russia.100 Epilogue. 103 CHAPTER 4 LATVIANS BACK TO LATVIA.105 1. Repatriation of Latvian soldiers and prisoners of war. 105 1.1. Repatriation of soldiers military and prisoners of war from France.:.106 1.2. Repatriation of Latvian military units from Siberia. Ill 1.3. The Red Latvian
Riflemen.113 2. The return of civil population to Latvia. 119 2.1. The return of the refugees and optants. 120 2.2. Workers and other administrative and technical personnel. 124 2.3. Jewish refugees. 127 3. The exchange of POWs and the hostage question 129
3.1. Russian PO Ws in Latvia. 131 3.2. The hostage’s dilemma. 133 3.3. Soviet intelligence activities in Latvia. 137 Epilogue. 138 CHAPTER 5 LATVIA’S QUEST FOR INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION. 141 1. Lasting de facto recognition by Allies. 142 1.1. Diplomatic representation of France in Latvia. 145 1.2. White Russian Movement in Latvia. 146 2. Wrangeliada: a Latvian political affair. 149 2.1. The expedient reaction of the Latvian authorities. 149 2.2. French involvement: avoiding public disclosure.151 2.3. The reaction of the Constituent Assembly.152 2.4. Soviet Russian influence on Latvian Social Democrats.155 3. Latvia’s efforts for de jure recognition. 157 3.1. The refusal of the League of Nations. 158 3.2. The “war scare” of 1920. 164 3.3. Recognition of Latvia de jure.174
Epilogue. 177 CONCLUSION. 179 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 182 Newspapers.187
INDEX 189 ABBREVIATIONS. 195 NOTES. 197
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184 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution “Convention between Latvia and Eesti on the Establishment and Conducting of the State Border between the Republics of Latvia and Eesti, on the Rights of Citizens of one Contracting Party on the Territory of the other and on the Status of Real Estates Crossed by the Border Line, signed in Riga on 19 October 1920.” hi Société des Nations. Receuil des Traités et des engagements internationaux enregistrés par le Secrétariat de la Société des Nations. (Vol. XVII, 1923, No. 1-4): 190-194. François-Xavier Coquin, La Sibérie. Peuplement et immigration paysanne au XIX siècle, (Paris: Institut d’Études Slaves, 1969) Eberhard Demm, Roger Noël, William L. Urban, The independence of the Baltic states: origins, causes, and consequences: A Comparison of the Crucial Years 1918-1919 and 1990-1991, (Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, 1996) Hughes Jean de, Dianoux, “Un souverain français pour la Lettonie en 1918?,” Boréales, (1989, № 38/39): 65-84. Eduard M. Dune, Notes of a Red Guard, (Urbana and Chicago: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1993) Herbert Adolphus Grant Watson, An Account of a Mission to the Baltic States in the Year 1919 with a Record ofSubsequent Events, (London: Waverley Press, 1955) Aleksandr Fomenko, “Pribaltiiskii vopros vo vneshneo politike SShA v 19181940 gg.” Vestnik Universiteta MGIMO, (2009): 319-330. Andrey Gromyko, Dokumenty vneshnei politiki SSSR, further DVP (Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1959, Voi. 1); DVP, (Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1958, Voi. 2) ; DVP, (Moscow : Gospolitizdat, 1959, Voi. 3). Julien Gueslin,
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Bibliography 185 Ēriks Jēkabsons, “Latvia і rossiiskiï sevemyi korpus (Severo-Zapadnaia armiia Uidenicha) v 1918-1920 gg.,” In Rossiia і Baltiia. (Moscow: Nauka, 2002): 128-158. Ēriks Jēkabsons, Latvijas un Amerikas Savienoto Valstu attiecības 1918.-1922. Gadā, (Rīga: Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, 2018). Aleksandr Kolpakidi, Aleksandr Sever, Spetssluzhby Rossiiskoi Imperii. Unikaľnaia ėntsiklopediia. (Moscow: Eksmo, 2010). Marco Lehti, A Baltic League as a Construct of the New Europe. Envisioning a Baltic Region and Small State Sovereignty in the Aftermath ofthe First World War, (European University Studies: Series 3, History and Allied Studies. Voi. 817. Frankfurt/M., 1999) Iľm Lotkin, Aleksei Svitnev. Kolonii latyshei v Zapadnoï Sibiři (XIX-XX veka): mekhanizmy formoobrazovaniia і razvitiia. Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo universiteta. (№5: 2006): 256-265. Iľia Lotkin, Optatsionnaia kampaniia і evakuatsia grazhdan pribaltiiskih stran na istoricheskuiu rodinu v nachale 1920-kh godov. (Vestnik KrGU. Gumanitarnye nauki. №6 : 2005): 28-32. Viacheslav Lur’e, Valerii Kochik, GRU: dela i liudi. (St. Petersburg: Neva, 2002). Gennadii Matveev et al., Krasmarmeitsy v poľskom plenu v 1919-1922 gg. (St. Petersburg: Letali sad, 2004) Gaël-Georges Moullec, Moscou 1917, Rapport d'Albert Remes, Consul general du Royaume de Belgique, (Paris: Editions SMP, 2020) Irina Nam, “Latyshskie organizatsii v Sibiři v usloviiakh revoliutsii і grazhdanskoi voiny (1917-1919),” In Rossiia і Baltiia. (Moscow: Nauka, 2008): 139-176. Henri Albert Niessel, L'évacuation des pays bàltiques par
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INDEX A Aksel’rod, Aleksandr Efremovich 165 Albats, Hermanis - 116, 152, 153 Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn -18 Alby, Henri-64, 112 Aleksandri, Lev Nikolaevich - 116 Alexander, Harold - 56, 61 Alexander-Sinclair, Edwyn - 28, 37, 40 Alzonne- 170 Archen, Charles, Theophilus - 169 Auzāns, Andrejs - 118 В Bakhmeteff, Boris Aleksandrovich 52, 173 Balfour, Arthur, James - 23, 24, 141 Balodis, Jānis - 40, 42, 44, 55, 62 Bassompierre, de, Albert - 158 Berģis, Pēteris - 84, 100 Berkis, Krišjānis - 66 Bermon(d)t-Avalov, Pavel Rafailovich - 53, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 75, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 101, 103,109, 142 Berthelot, Philippe ֊ 144, 174, 176 Bērziņš, Andrejs ֊ 44 Bērziņš, Jānis -138 Binet, René - 61,67, 69, 71, 167 Bischoff, Josef - 64 Bisenieks, Georgs -160 Bodechon - 170 Bremers, Arvīds - 209 Briand, Aristide - 174, 175, 176 Brisson, Jean - 68 Brümmer, Heinrich, von - 44 Buševics, Ansis - 44, 54, 83, 84, 98 Bušs, Kārlis - 83 C Čakste, Jānis - 6,23,25, 35, 38, 54, 103, 107, 108, 119, 135, 149, 150 Cālītis, Arturs -138 Cambon, Roger - 18 Chicherin, Georgy Vasiľevich - 17, 29, 79, 80, 84, 87, 88, 89,91,93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 117, 118, 133, 135, 149, 155, 156, 165, 171, 172, 173 Churchill, Winston - 148 Cielēns, Fēlikss -6, 38, 119, 153 Clemenceau, Georges ֊ 5, 10, 39,41, 42,51,52,64, 69, 112, 142, 143, 144 Conty, Alexander-Robert - 54 Crowe, Eyre ֊161 D Dąbski, Jan -166 Daniševskis, (Julius) Kārlis ֊ 27 Dankers, Oskars - 66 Delacroix, Léon - 158, 160 Delavaud, Louis - 25 Denikin, Anton - 46, 79, 83, 85, 111, 142 Destre, de, Jules -
15 Dikgoff-Derental, Alexander Arkad’evich - 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156 Dolgorukov, Alexander Nikolaevich ֊148 Drummond, James Eric - 160
190 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution E H Ebert, Friedrich - 64 Eberhardt, von, Walter - 70, 71 Eiduks, Aleksandrs - 121, 129, 136 Eliass, Kristaps ֊ 153 Etiévant, Ernest Emmanuel - 87, 93 Henrys, Paul - 151 Hermanovskis, Teodors - 43, 54 Hertlmg, von, Georg Friedrich - 13 Heyking, Alphonse - 159, 160 Hindenburg, von, Paul - 10, 14 Hintze, von, Paul - 19 Housman, Jacques - 144 Hymans, Paul - 31, 32, 144,160 F Fainshtein, Abram Samoïlovich 130 Fal’kovskiï, Stanislav Vikent’evich ֊ 150 Fletcher, Alfred - 44, 45 Foch, Ferdinand - 52, 57, 64, 69, 81, 106, 109, 174 Fogelmanis, Nikolajs - 87, 89 G Gaiffîer de, Edmond ֊ 31, 32, 143, 157 Ganetskiï, Iakov Stanislavovich - 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 134, 135, 149, 150, 155, 156, 167 Gersheľman, A. -147 Girgensons, Ernests -107 Goertz, von, Nikolai Nikitich - 156 Goltz, von der, Gustav Rüdiger - 40, 42, 43,44, 47,51,52, 53,55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 66, 72 Goshtovt, G.A. - 147 Gout, Jean - 160, 164 Gough, Hubert - 42, 53, 57, 58, 59 Grant-Smith, Ulysses - 44 Grant Watson, Herbert A. ֊ 60 Grosvalds, Oļģerts - 38, 109, 143, 144, 161, 164, 176 Guéneau, Jean ֊ 2 Gobnieks, Jānis - 108 Goldmanis, Jānis - 1, 6, 15, 20, 35, 43, 119 Greene, Warwick - 41, 54 Grišāns, Jānis-38 Guchkov, Alexandr Ivanovich - 2 I Iakubovich, Ignati! Semënovich 126, 129 Ioffe, Adolf Abramovich - 14, 85, 86,94, 95, 96, 97, 98,99, 100, 130,155, 156, 166, 171,172, 173 Ishii, Kikujirõ - 174, 175 J Jaspar, Henri - 174, 175 Jeske, Mārtiņš - 108 К Kalniņš, Eduards ֊100 Kalniņš, Pauls - 153, 155 Kalske, Emil ֊ 78 Kārkliņš, Otto - 15 Kārkliņš, Robert ֊ 78
Ķēniņš, Atis - 158 Kolchak, Alexander ֊ 83, 112 Kühlmann, Richard von - 14 Kukharenok, Stepan Ivanovich 135, 136 Kupčs, Jūlijs - 54 Kursky, Dmitry Ivanovich - 133 L Laicens, Linards -136 Lebedev, Victor Nikolaevich - 149, 150 Lencmanis, Jānis - 27 Leopold, Prince - 3 Lezhava, Andrei Matveevich - 103 Leygues, Georges - 150,153, 157, 161, 164, 174
191 Index Lieven, von, Anatol Leonid, Prince 44, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 61 Lorents, Ivan Leopoldovich - 155 Lyautey, Hubert - 18 Lindley, Francis - 10 M Maklakov, Vasili! Alekseevich - 148 Maliavin, Boris Semenovich - 153 Manteuffel-Szoege, von, Hans - 43, 44 Masaryk, Tomáš - 20 Meierovics, Zigfrīds Anna - 6, 10, 12, 14, 20,21,23,24, 25,31,32, 35,38, 47,48,54, 57, 64, 70, 78, 80,81,92,103,107,108,119, 134, 135, 141, 145, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 159, 160, 162, 164, 176 Menders, Fricis - 44, 86, 87, 89, 93, 154, 155 Millerand, Alexandre - 143, 144; 145, 148, 157, 165 Misiņš, Augusts Ernests ֊ 43 Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Vincas - 78 Moncheur, Ludovic - 24,25,160 Maurier, Georges - 109,110 Murav’ëv-Vilenskiï, Mikhail Nikolaevich - 8 N Niedra, Andrievs - 43,44,45, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 58, 66, 105, 108 Niessel, Henri Albert - 61, 67, 69, 70, 72, 81, 158 Noliet, Charles ֊ 148 Noulens, Jean-Baptiste or Joseph 10,25 О Oliņš, Pēteris - 171, 172 Osborne, Lithgow - 37 Ozols, Kārlis - 87, 93 P Paegle, Leons -137 Paegle, Spricis - 35,43 Pahlen, von der, Alexis Friedrich Leonid- 147, 148, 152, 156 Panafieu, André ֊ 142 Parquet, du, Emmanuel - 41,45,47, 49, 50, 52, 53,55, 56, 59,61,62, 63,66, 68,81,82, 86 Parvus, Alexandr Lvovich - 102 Pauļuks, Kārlis ֊101 Pelše, Roberts - 130, 131, 132,133, 136 Pereiti de la Rocca, de, Emmanuel 161, 163 Petit, Eugène ֊147 Pichón, Stephen - 21, 37, 42, 80, 142 Piłsudski, Józef- 164 Pinson, Boris Davidovich - 29 Pilar von Pilchau, Adolf - 18 Piliavskn- 128 Pödder (Pedder), Emst - 75 Pūriņš, Kārlis Aleksandrs - 36,43 Pusta, Karl Robert ֊145 R Radek, Roza -
126, 133 Rahja, Eino Einari ֊78 Radziņš, Pēteris֊ 148, 150, 153, 154, 155 Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich - 2 Roziņš, Fricis ֊15, 120 Rudevics, Ansis - 44, 153, 154 S Sartiges, Louis de ֊ 145, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 167, 168, 170 Savinkov, Boris Viktorovich - 56, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 165, 166 Sergeev, Vasili! Vasil’evich - 150, 152,153, 154,155, 156 Sforza, Carlo-174, 175 Skujenieks, Marģers ֊38
192 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution Sėskis, Jānis - 6, 10, 15, 25, 38, 64, 109 Sīmansons, Dāvids ֊ 54 Simson, Henri ֊ 18,19,28, 37,38, 107 Šķipsna, Evalds -120, 126, 127, 129 Skubiķis, Emīls - 38 Sleinis, Krišjānis ֊ 43, Sokolovskis, Pauls ֊ 43 Sosnkowski, Kazimierz ֊ 148 Sosnovskiï, Lev Semenovich ֊ 29 Shnabel’, Pëtr Fëdorovich - 147, 153, 155 Staël von Holstein, Wilhelm Reinhold - 12 Stolypin, Pëtr Arkadevich - 8 Stučka, Pēteris ֊ 26, 27, 29, 43, 47, 78, 82, 89, 117, 167 Schwartz, Eugen Wilhelm - 43 T Tallents, Stephen - 76, 85, 104 Thiébaut, Eugène ֊21 Trasims, Francis ֊ 8 Traubergs, Eduards - 21 Trotsky, Lev ֊87, 115 U Ulmanis, Kārlis - 23,24, 25,28, 30, 35, 36,37, 39,40,42,43,44,45, 46,47, 49, 50,51,53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 73, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 103, 105, 106, 114, 135, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 167, 168, 173 W Weber, Fritz - 65 Wilhelm II-3, 12,13 Winnig, August -22,23, 30, 44, 63, 64 Wrangel, Pyotr - 113, 148,149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 166 Y Yudenich, Nikolai - 60, 65, 66,67, 68, 70, 72, 83, 84, 142,147,148 Z Żeligowski, Lucjan - 156,164, 165, 166, Zālītis, Jānis ֊ 1, 30,43, 119 Zāmuēls, Voldemārs -153 Zemgals, Gustavs - 24 Zemitāns, Jorģis - 44, 51, 66 Index of Places A Åland Islands -145 Allibaudières- ПО В Berdsk -126 Bordeaux - 109, ПО C Courland - Kurzeme - xi, xiii, xiv, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,24, 26,31,40,42, 44, 58, 63,64, 65, 66, 68,72,94, 119 V D Vācietis, Jukums ֊ 5,26,113 Valters, Miķelis ֊ 6, 21, 35,43, 54 Vesmanis, Jānis -97,100, 128, 156 Vorovskiï, Vatslav Vatslavovich -
12 Vyrgolich or Vergolich, EvgeniT Pavlovich - 66 Dorpat - Tartu (in Russian: Yuryev) 66, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88 Drissenskiï county - (in Belarusian. Dmvensk/ pavet) - 90, 99 Dvinsk - Daugavpils ֊ 2,27,29, 77
193 Index Dvinsk county - Daugavpils county (in Letton: Daugavpils apriņķis) ֊ 7, 8, 9, 10, 92 Daugavgrīva Castle; in lett.: Daugavgrīvas viduslaiku pils՝, in germ.: Dünamünde; in russ.: Ust Dvinsk - 67 Ekaterinodar - Krasnodar ֊133 Estland ֊ Estonia - xi, xiii, xiv, 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18,21,26, 27, 39,41,42,51,52, 53,55,56, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,71,75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 93, 104,145, 147,153, 158, 159, 160, 162, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 176 Gatchina - 169 Iliukst - Ilūkste ֊ 77 Jakobstadt - Jēkabpils ֊ 2 Livonia - xi, xiii, xiv, 3,4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, _23, 24, 26,31,94, 100, 119 Liutsin ֊ Ludza - 7 Liutsin county ֊ Ludza county (in Letton: Ludzas apriņķis) - 7, 8, 9, 10, 92 Libau - Liepāja - 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40,41,42,42,44, 45, 47,49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 77, 78, 83, 102, 105, 109, 113, 169 M Marseille - 110 Melun - 109 Memel-Klaipėda֊77, 152 Mitau - Jelgava - 3, 16,28, 40, 56, 57, 63, 64, 65, 66, 77, 169 Moscow - 2, 3, 15, 16, 24, 26, 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97,98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 119, 120, 122, 127, 129, 131, 132,133, 134, 155, 158, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, Mozheîki - Mažeikiai - 77 N Kharkov ֊2, 125, 128 Kovno ֊ Kaunas ֊ 77, 156, 165, 166, 170, Latgale ֊ xi, xii, xiv, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18,26,28, 29,30,31,44, 61, 72, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90,91,92, 94, 97,98, 100, 104, 148 Lithuania - xiv, 5, 11, 14, 17,26, 27, 31,39,41,42, 52,68, 69, 72, 75, 77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 96, 97, 104, 107, 110, 121, 145, 149, 153, 156, 158, 159, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 175, 176
Narva-5, 26, 57, 60,65,67 Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk)֊ 126 O Olai - Olaine ֊ 57, 68 Ösel Island - Saaremaa ֊13, 106 Ostrovskii county (in Russian: Ostrovskii uezd) - 90, 99 P Petrograd ֊ St. Petersburg ֊ 119, 127, 147 Polangen ֊ Palanga - 77 Pskov ֊ 5, 29, 90, 99, 147, 167, 169 R Revel-Tallinn - 109, 156
194 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution Rezhitsa ֊ Rēzekne ֊ 7, 8, 9, 10, 28, 47, 72, 89, 92, 95, 135, 169 Riga (in Letton: Rīga) - xiii, xiv, 2, 3,4, 13, 16, 18, 22,23,24,25, 26, 28,30,31,35,40,41,43,44,45, 46,47,51,53,55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61,63, 64, 65,66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 91,93,94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 109, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148,149, 150, 151,152, 153, 155, 156,163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176 Rozenovskaia - Zilupe - 97, 134 Rybinsk - 2 S Sebezh- 134 Smolensk - 5 Strazdumuiža - Strasdenhof - 75 Suwałki֊ 164 U Uexküll ֊ Ikšķile - 2 V Valka ֊6,27,75,76 Velikie Luki ֊85, 117 Verdun - 108, 109, ПО Vidzeme - 9 Vindau ֊ Ventspils ֊ 52 Vladivostok-111, 112, 113 W Wenden ֊ Cēsis - 51, 52, 56 Wilno - Vilnius - 156, 164, 165 Wolmar ֊ Valmiera - 72 Z Zhogovo - Rītupe - 97 |
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Epilogue 33 CHAPTER 2 THE WARS AFTER THE WAR.35 1. Ulmanis’s government in Libau. 35 1.1. The Allies and the stationing of German troops in Latvia. 36 1.2. The Paris Peace Conference and the Latvian question. 38 1.3. German troops in the fight against Bolshevism. 40 2. The German-supported coup of April 16, 1919. 43 2.1. Stepping up the work of the Latvian delegation in Paris Peace Conference. 45 2.2. The Allies and the formation of a national coalition government. 49 2.3. The German “Latvian-Estonian War” of June 1919. 51 2.4. Allied support for Ulmanis’s return and the end of the war with Estonia. 53 3. German and White Russian collusion on Latvian soil. 57 3.1. The “restore order” offensive to Riga. 63 3.2. Interallied Commission to Examine the Evacuation of the Baltic Provinces. 69 3.3. War and expedient peace talks with Germany. 71 Epilogue.73 CHAPTER 3 BUILDING THE STATE IN A TIME OF PEACE. 75 1. Establishing
borders.75 1.1. The border with Estonia.75
Epilogue, 33 CHAPTER 2 THE WARS AFTER THE WAR.35 1. Ulmanis’s government in Libau.35 1.1. The Allies and the stationing of German troops in Latvia.36 1.2. The Paris Peace Conference and the Latvian question. 38 1.3. German troops in the fight against Bolshevism.40 2. The German-supported coup of April 16, 1919. 43 2.1. Stepping up the work of the Latvian delegation in Paris Peace Conference. 45 2.2. The Allies and the formation of a national coalition government. 49 2.3. The German “Latvian-Estonian War” of June 1919. 51 2.4. Allied support for Ulmanis’s return and the end of the war with Estonia. 53 3. German and White Russian collusion on Latvian soil. 57 3.1. The “restore order” offensive to Riga. 63 3.2. Interallied Commission to Examine the Evacuation of the Baltic Provinces. 69 3.3. War and expedient peace talks with Germany. 71 Epilogue.73 CHAPTER 3 BUILDING THE STATE IN A TIME OF PEACE.75 1. Establishing
borders.75 1.1. The border with Estonia. 75
1.2. The border with Lithuania. 77 1.3. The border with Poland. 77 2. Armistice negotiations with Soviet Russia. 78 2.1. Soviet Russia and a peace proposal. 78 2.2. The Baltic States’ positions on the Soviet proposal.79 2.3. The Latvian approach to armistice negotiations. 81 2.4. Pre-conditions to armistice negotiations. 83 2.5. Moscow negotiations and secret armistice agreement. 86 3. The peace treaty with Soviet Russia: borders and other questions.90 3.1. Latgale transfer as a pre-condition for an agreement.91 3.2. Peace negotiations.92 3.3. The Peace Treaty and Latvia’s de jure recognition by Soviet Russia.100 Epilogue. 103 CHAPTER 4 LATVIANS BACK TO LATVIA.105 1. Repatriation of Latvian soldiers and prisoners of war. 105 1.1. Repatriation of soldiers military and prisoners of war from France.:.106 1.2. Repatriation of Latvian military units from Siberia. Ill 1.3. The Red Latvian
Riflemen.113 2. The return of civil population to Latvia. 119 2.1. The return of the refugees and optants. 120 2.2. Workers and other administrative and technical personnel. 124 2.3. Jewish refugees. 127 3. The exchange of POWs and the hostage question 129
3.1. Russian PO Ws in Latvia. 131 3.2. The hostage’s dilemma. 133 3.3. Soviet intelligence activities in Latvia. 137 Epilogue. 138 CHAPTER 5 LATVIA’S QUEST FOR INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION. 141 1. Lasting de facto recognition by Allies. 142 1.1. Diplomatic representation of France in Latvia. 145 1.2. White Russian Movement in Latvia. 146 2. Wrangeliada: a Latvian political affair. 149 2.1. The expedient reaction of the Latvian authorities. 149 2.2. French involvement: avoiding public disclosure.151 2.3. The reaction of the Constituent Assembly.152 2.4. Soviet Russian influence on Latvian Social Democrats.155 3. Latvia’s efforts for de jure recognition. 157 3.1. The refusal of the League of Nations. 158 3.2. The “war scare” of 1920. 164 3.3. Recognition of Latvia de jure.174
Epilogue. 177 CONCLUSION. 179 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 182 Newspapers.187
INDEX 189 ABBREVIATIONS. 195 NOTES. 197
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(Moscow: Aľzo, 2003): 60-70. Aleksandr Shubin, “Latyshskie strelki mezhdu rodinoi і revoliutsiei.” Rossiia і Latvia v potoke istorii. 2-polovina XIX-1-polovina XX veka. (Moscow: IVI RAN, 2015): 165-181. André Tibal, “L’Allemagne et la Baltique Orientale de 1915 à 1919.” Revue ď histoire de la guerre mondiale. (January 1928): 334-356. Viktor Topolianskiï, “Fartovoe slovo.” Kontinent. (№139: 2009): 251-267. Albina Tymoshenko, “Osoboe soveshchanie po oborone v Rossit v gody Pervoi mirovoi voiny.” Pravovedenie. (№2:1968): 128-132. Dominique Venner, Les Corps-francs allemands de la Baltique: La naissance du nazisme. (Paris: Livre de poche, 1978). Joe Verhoeven, La Reconnaissance internationale dans lapratique contemporaine: les relations publiques internationales. (Paris: Pedone, 1975). Sophie Vilks-Battaia, Une indépendance contestée: La Lettonie face aux puissances européennes dans ľ entre-deux-guerres (1917-1939). (Paris: Codex, 2012).
Bibliography 187 Charles de Visscher, Fernand Vanlangenhove, Documents diplomatiques belges. 1920-1940. La politique de sécurité extérieure. Tome I, Période 1920-1924. (Brussels: Palais des Académies, 1964). Liudmila Vorob’eva. Istorila Latviì otRossiiskoi imperii k SSSR. (Moscow: Fond Istoricheskaia pamiat, 2009). Zalit I. P. [Jānis Zālītis], “Zaiavlenie ministru-predsedateliu і Verkhovnomu glavnokomanduiushchemu A.F. Kerenskomu ot latyshckikh obshchestvennyh uchrezhdenii i organizatsii і obshchestvennykh deiateleï ot 10 sentiabria 1917 g.” In Opustoshenie Latvii russkimi voiskami. (Petrograd, 1918). Ļubova Zīle, et. al. Latvia nagrani epoch. (Riga: Avots, 1988). Newspapers Latvijas Vēstnesis La Gazette de Francfort La Lanterne La Nation belge Le Petit Parisien Le Temps Libausche Zeitung Pagaidu Valdības Vēstnesis Rigasche Zeitung Rizhskoe slovo Sociāldemokrāts Valdības Vēstnesis Vingtième siècle Latvijas Sargs Izvestia Segodnia
INDEX A Aksel’rod, Aleksandr Efremovich 165 Albats, Hermanis - 116, 152, 153 Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn -18 Alby, Henri-64, 112 Aleksandri, Lev Nikolaevich - 116 Alexander, Harold - 56, 61 Alexander-Sinclair, Edwyn - 28, 37, 40 Alzonne- 170 Archen, Charles, Theophilus - 169 Auzāns, Andrejs - 118 В Bakhmeteff, Boris Aleksandrovich 52, 173 Balfour, Arthur, James - 23, 24, 141 Balodis, Jānis - 40, 42, 44, 55, 62 Bassompierre, de, Albert - 158 Berģis, Pēteris - 84, 100 Berkis, Krišjānis - 66 Bermon(d)t-Avalov, Pavel Rafailovich - 53, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 75, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 101, 103,109, 142 Berthelot, Philippe ֊ 144, 174, 176 Bērziņš, Andrejs ֊ 44 Bērziņš, Jānis -138 Binet, René - 61,67, 69, 71, 167 Bischoff, Josef - 64 Bisenieks, Georgs -160 Bodechon - 170 Bremers, Arvīds - 209 Briand, Aristide - 174, 175, 176 Brisson, Jean - 68 Brümmer, Heinrich, von - 44 Buševics, Ansis - 44, 54, 83, 84, 98 Bušs, Kārlis - 83 C Čakste, Jānis - 6,23,25, 35, 38, 54, 103, 107, 108, 119, 135, 149, 150 Cālītis, Arturs -138 Cambon, Roger - 18 Chicherin, Georgy Vasiľevich - 17, 29, 79, 80, 84, 87, 88, 89,91,93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 117, 118, 133, 135, 149, 155, 156, 165, 171, 172, 173 Churchill, Winston - 148 Cielēns, Fēlikss -6, 38, 119, 153 Clemenceau, Georges ֊ 5, 10, 39,41, 42,51,52,64, 69, 112, 142, 143, 144 Conty, Alexander-Robert - 54 Crowe, Eyre ֊161 D Dąbski, Jan -166 Daniševskis, (Julius) Kārlis ֊ 27 Dankers, Oskars - 66 Delacroix, Léon - 158, 160 Delavaud, Louis - 25 Denikin, Anton - 46, 79, 83, 85, 111, 142 Destre, de, Jules -
15 Dikgoff-Derental, Alexander Arkad’evich - 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156 Dolgorukov, Alexander Nikolaevich ֊148 Drummond, James Eric - 160
190 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution E H Ebert, Friedrich - 64 Eberhardt, von, Walter - 70, 71 Eiduks, Aleksandrs - 121, 129, 136 Eliass, Kristaps ֊ 153 Etiévant, Ernest Emmanuel - 87, 93 Henrys, Paul - 151 Hermanovskis, Teodors - 43, 54 Hertlmg, von, Georg Friedrich - 13 Heyking, Alphonse - 159, 160 Hindenburg, von, Paul - 10, 14 Hintze, von, Paul - 19 Housman, Jacques - 144 Hymans, Paul - 31, 32, 144,160 F Fainshtein, Abram Samoïlovich 130 Fal’kovskiï, Stanislav Vikent’evich ֊ 150 Fletcher, Alfred - 44, 45 Foch, Ferdinand - 52, 57, 64, 69, 81, 106, 109, 174 Fogelmanis, Nikolajs - 87, 89 G Gaiffîer de, Edmond ֊ 31, 32, 143, 157 Ganetskiï, Iakov Stanislavovich - 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 134, 135, 149, 150, 155, 156, 167 Gersheľman, A. -147 Girgensons, Ernests -107 Goertz, von, Nikolai Nikitich - 156 Goltz, von der, Gustav Rüdiger - 40, 42, 43,44, 47,51,52, 53,55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 66, 72 Goshtovt, G.A. - 147 Gout, Jean - 160, 164 Gough, Hubert - 42, 53, 57, 58, 59 Grant-Smith, Ulysses - 44 Grant Watson, Herbert A. ֊ 60 Grosvalds, Oļģerts - 38, 109, 143, 144, 161, 164, 176 Guéneau, Jean ֊ 2 Gobnieks, Jānis - 108 Goldmanis, Jānis - 1, 6, 15, 20, 35, 43, 119 Greene, Warwick - 41, 54 Grišāns, Jānis-38 Guchkov, Alexandr Ivanovich - 2 I Iakubovich, Ignati! Semënovich 126, 129 Ioffe, Adolf Abramovich - 14, 85, 86,94, 95, 96, 97, 98,99, 100, 130,155, 156, 166, 171,172, 173 Ishii, Kikujirõ - 174, 175 J Jaspar, Henri - 174, 175 Jeske, Mārtiņš - 108 К Kalniņš, Eduards ֊100 Kalniņš, Pauls - 153, 155 Kalske, Emil ֊ 78 Kārkliņš, Otto - 15 Kārkliņš, Robert ֊ 78
Ķēniņš, Atis - 158 Kolchak, Alexander ֊ 83, 112 Kühlmann, Richard von - 14 Kukharenok, Stepan Ivanovich 135, 136 Kupčs, Jūlijs - 54 Kursky, Dmitry Ivanovich - 133 L Laicens, Linards -136 Lebedev, Victor Nikolaevich - 149, 150 Lencmanis, Jānis - 27 Leopold, Prince - 3 Lezhava, Andrei Matveevich - 103 Leygues, Georges - 150,153, 157, 161, 164, 174
191 Index Lieven, von, Anatol Leonid, Prince 44, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 61 Lorents, Ivan Leopoldovich - 155 Lyautey, Hubert - 18 Lindley, Francis - 10 M Maklakov, Vasili! Alekseevich - 148 Maliavin, Boris Semenovich - 153 Manteuffel-Szoege, von, Hans - 43, 44 Masaryk, Tomáš - 20 Meierovics, Zigfrīds Anna - 6, 10, 12, 14, 20,21,23,24, 25,31,32, 35,38, 47,48,54, 57, 64, 70, 78, 80,81,92,103,107,108,119, 134, 135, 141, 145, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 159, 160, 162, 164, 176 Menders, Fricis - 44, 86, 87, 89, 93, 154, 155 Millerand, Alexandre - 143, 144; 145, 148, 157, 165 Misiņš, Augusts Ernests ֊ 43 Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Vincas - 78 Moncheur, Ludovic - 24,25,160 Maurier, Georges - 109,110 Murav’ëv-Vilenskiï, Mikhail Nikolaevich - 8 N Niedra, Andrievs - 43,44,45, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 58, 66, 105, 108 Niessel, Henri Albert - 61, 67, 69, 70, 72, 81, 158 Noliet, Charles ֊ 148 Noulens, Jean-Baptiste or Joseph 10,25 О Oliņš, Pēteris - 171, 172 Osborne, Lithgow - 37 Ozols, Kārlis - 87, 93 P Paegle, Leons -137 Paegle, Spricis - 35,43 Pahlen, von der, Alexis Friedrich Leonid- 147, 148, 152, 156 Panafieu, André ֊ 142 Parquet, du, Emmanuel - 41,45,47, 49, 50, 52, 53,55, 56, 59,61,62, 63,66, 68,81,82, 86 Parvus, Alexandr Lvovich - 102 Pauļuks, Kārlis ֊101 Pelše, Roberts - 130, 131, 132,133, 136 Pereiti de la Rocca, de, Emmanuel 161, 163 Petit, Eugène ֊147 Pichón, Stephen - 21, 37, 42, 80, 142 Piłsudski, Józef- 164 Pinson, Boris Davidovich - 29 Pilar von Pilchau, Adolf - 18 Piliavskn- 128 Pödder (Pedder), Emst - 75 Pūriņš, Kārlis Aleksandrs - 36,43 Pusta, Karl Robert ֊145 R Radek, Roza -
126, 133 Rahja, Eino Einari ֊78 Radziņš, Pēteris֊ 148, 150, 153, 154, 155 Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich - 2 Roziņš, Fricis ֊15, 120 Rudevics, Ansis - 44, 153, 154 S Sartiges, Louis de ֊ 145, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 167, 168, 170 Savinkov, Boris Viktorovich - 56, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 165, 166 Sergeev, Vasili! Vasil’evich - 150, 152,153, 154,155, 156 Sforza, Carlo-174, 175 Skujenieks, Marģers ֊38
192 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution Sėskis, Jānis - 6, 10, 15, 25, 38, 64, 109 Sīmansons, Dāvids ֊ 54 Simson, Henri ֊ 18,19,28, 37,38, 107 Šķipsna, Evalds -120, 126, 127, 129 Skubiķis, Emīls - 38 Sleinis, Krišjānis ֊ 43, Sokolovskis, Pauls ֊ 43 Sosnkowski, Kazimierz ֊ 148 Sosnovskiï, Lev Semenovich ֊ 29 Shnabel’, Pëtr Fëdorovich - 147, 153, 155 Staël von Holstein, Wilhelm Reinhold - 12 Stolypin, Pëtr Arkadevich - 8 Stučka, Pēteris ֊ 26, 27, 29, 43, 47, 78, 82, 89, 117, 167 Schwartz, Eugen Wilhelm - 43 T Tallents, Stephen - 76, 85, 104 Thiébaut, Eugène ֊21 Trasims, Francis ֊ 8 Traubergs, Eduards - 21 Trotsky, Lev ֊87, 115 U Ulmanis, Kārlis - 23,24, 25,28, 30, 35, 36,37, 39,40,42,43,44,45, 46,47, 49, 50,51,53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 73, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 103, 105, 106, 114, 135, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 167, 168, 173 W Weber, Fritz - 65 Wilhelm II-3, 12,13 Winnig, August -22,23, 30, 44, 63, 64 Wrangel, Pyotr - 113, 148,149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 166 Y Yudenich, Nikolai - 60, 65, 66,67, 68, 70, 72, 83, 84, 142,147,148 Z Żeligowski, Lucjan - 156,164, 165, 166, Zālītis, Jānis ֊ 1, 30,43, 119 Zāmuēls, Voldemārs -153 Zemgals, Gustavs - 24 Zemitāns, Jorģis - 44, 51, 66 Index of Places A Åland Islands -145 Allibaudières- ПО В Berdsk -126 Bordeaux - 109, ПО C Courland - Kurzeme - xi, xiii, xiv, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,24, 26,31,40,42, 44, 58, 63,64, 65, 66, 68,72,94, 119 V D Vācietis, Jukums ֊ 5,26,113 Valters, Miķelis ֊ 6, 21, 35,43, 54 Vesmanis, Jānis -97,100, 128, 156 Vorovskiï, Vatslav Vatslavovich -
12 Vyrgolich or Vergolich, EvgeniT Pavlovich - 66 Dorpat - Tartu (in Russian: Yuryev) 66, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88 Drissenskiï county - (in Belarusian. Dmvensk/ pavet) - 90, 99 Dvinsk - Daugavpils ֊ 2,27,29, 77
193 Index Dvinsk county - Daugavpils county (in Letton: Daugavpils apriņķis) ֊ 7, 8, 9, 10, 92 Daugavgrīva Castle; in lett.: Daugavgrīvas viduslaiku pils՝, in germ.: Dünamünde; in russ.: Ust Dvinsk - 67 Ekaterinodar - Krasnodar ֊133 Estland ֊ Estonia - xi, xiii, xiv, 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18,21,26, 27, 39,41,42,51,52, 53,55,56, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,71,75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 93, 104,145, 147,153, 158, 159, 160, 162, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 176 Gatchina - 169 Iliukst - Ilūkste ֊ 77 Jakobstadt - Jēkabpils ֊ 2 Livonia - xi, xiii, xiv, 3,4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, _23, 24, 26,31,94, 100, 119 Liutsin ֊ Ludza - 7 Liutsin county ֊ Ludza county (in Letton: Ludzas apriņķis) - 7, 8, 9, 10, 92 Libau - Liepāja - 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40,41,42,42,44, 45, 47,49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 77, 78, 83, 102, 105, 109, 113, 169 M Marseille - 110 Melun - 109 Memel-Klaipėda֊77, 152 Mitau - Jelgava - 3, 16,28, 40, 56, 57, 63, 64, 65, 66, 77, 169 Moscow - 2, 3, 15, 16, 24, 26, 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97,98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 119, 120, 122, 127, 129, 131, 132,133, 134, 155, 158, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, Mozheîki - Mažeikiai - 77 N Kharkov ֊2, 125, 128 Kovno ֊ Kaunas ֊ 77, 156, 165, 166, 170, Latgale ֊ xi, xii, xiv, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18,26,28, 29,30,31,44, 61, 72, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90,91,92, 94, 97,98, 100, 104, 148 Lithuania - xiv, 5, 11, 14, 17,26, 27, 31,39,41,42, 52,68, 69, 72, 75, 77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 96, 97, 104, 107, 110, 121, 145, 149, 153, 156, 158, 159, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 175, 176
Narva-5, 26, 57, 60,65,67 Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk)֊ 126 O Olai - Olaine ֊ 57, 68 Ösel Island - Saaremaa ֊13, 106 Ostrovskii county (in Russian: Ostrovskii uezd) - 90, 99 P Petrograd ֊ St. Petersburg ֊ 119, 127, 147 Polangen ֊ Palanga - 77 Pskov ֊ 5, 29, 90, 99, 147, 167, 169 R Revel-Tallinn - 109, 156
194 Latvia’s Ordeal: Nation Building in War and Revolution Rezhitsa ֊ Rēzekne ֊ 7, 8, 9, 10, 28, 47, 72, 89, 92, 95, 135, 169 Riga (in Letton: Rīga) - xiii, xiv, 2, 3,4, 13, 16, 18, 22,23,24,25, 26, 28,30,31,35,40,41,43,44,45, 46,47,51,53,55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61,63, 64, 65,66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 91,93,94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 109, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148,149, 150, 151,152, 153, 155, 156,163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176 Rozenovskaia - Zilupe - 97, 134 Rybinsk - 2 S Sebezh- 134 Smolensk - 5 Strazdumuiža - Strasdenhof - 75 Suwałki֊ 164 U Uexküll ֊ Ikšķile - 2 V Valka ֊6,27,75,76 Velikie Luki ֊85, 117 Verdun - 108, 109, ПО Vidzeme - 9 Vindau ֊ Ventspils ֊ 52 Vladivostok-111, 112, 113 W Wenden ֊ Cēsis - 51, 52, 56 Wilno - Vilnius - 156, 164, 165 Wolmar ֊ Valmiera - 72 Z Zhogovo - Rītupe - 97 |
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| geographic | Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lettland |
| id | DE-604.BV047067709 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:13:07Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:32:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781680539530 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032474773 |
| oclc_num | 1269389037 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | xvii, 259 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20211006 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Academica Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Zazerskaja, Tatʹjana Georgievna Verfasser (DE-588)1226466869 aut Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution Tatiana G. Zazerskaya Washington ; London Academica Press 2020 xvii, 259 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1918-1921 gnd rswk-swf State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 g State building (DE-588)7504224-1 s Geschichte 1918-1921 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-68053-984-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032474773&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032474773&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032474773&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Zazerskaja, Tatʹjana Georgievna Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7504224-1 (DE-588)4074187-4 |
| title | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution |
| title_auth | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution |
| title_exact_search | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution |
| title_full | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution Tatiana G. Zazerskaya |
| title_fullStr | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution Tatiana G. Zazerskaya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latvia's ordeal nation building in war and revolution Tatiana G. Zazerskaya |
| title_short | Latvia's ordeal |
| title_sort | latvia s ordeal nation building in war and revolution |
| title_sub | nation building in war and revolution |
| topic | State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | State building Lettland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032474773&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032474773&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032474773&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zazerskajatatʹjanageorgievna latviasordealnationbuildinginwarandrevolution |