The weight of freedom:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Toronto]
The Azrieli Foundation
[2015]
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Azrieli series of Holocaust survivor memoirs
7 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xxix, 319 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, genealogische Tafeln |
| ISBN: | 9781897470558 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Oo£ťte£tS Series Preface About the Glossary Introduction by Deborah Dwork Map Family Tree Acknowledgements Foreword Prologue Photographic Memories The Slow Roar Closing In The Beginning of the End Days of Grey Kleiner The Race Against Death A Hollow Victory What Was Lost Lives in Suspension Turning Points Social Studies Moving Forward XX xiii XV xxxi xxxiv-xxxv 1 3 5 7 23 39 57 69 87 105 125 М3 157 173 183 201
The Last Connection As I Remembered My Past and My Future Epilogue Glossary Photographs Index 219 233 247 263 267 285 309
Index Abella, Irving: None Is Too Many, 178 Adler, Murray, 204 air raids, xxvi, 113,123,124,126,166, 172 Akiba (Zionist youth organization), 20 Allied forces, xxvi-xxvii, 124,126, 127,129,131,137,138,166,172 119-120,122 Auschwitz 1,246,255 Auschwitz II (Birkenau), 75,108, no, 230-231,240,244 Auschwitz-Birkenau. See also Kanada camp (Auschwitz); overview, xx, xxi-xxii, 45; in operation, 69-85; murders Amberg DP camp, 178 in, 111-112,119,147,152-153; museum, 229-231; International American Army tailor shop Auschwitz Council, 239-242, (Bamberg), 162-163 American forces, 5,113,120,123, 130-132,133,134 American Zone, 139,141,159,160, 161 Angus, Don, 211-212 Anschluss, xvi, 265 antisemitism: in Canada, 204,207, 208,211,216,220,228; in Poland, xvi, 13-14,23-24.239.244 Appell (roll call), 75 Appellplatz (roll call place), 75, 76,79. 89, 94-95.106-107,113, 243-246; visits to, 250,255, 259-260 autobahn camps, xix-xx, 42,122,151 Bad Salzschlirf DP camp (Fulda), 174 Balasinska, Zosia (aunt), xxiii, 18, 25,41,145,148-150,219,221-222, 227-229 Balfour Manor camp (Gravenhurst), 203-204 Bamberg (Germany), 137-138,153, 158,160,161-179 barrack 27 (Auschwitz), 240
310 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM Baustelle (construction site), 107-109,110 Bavaria, 172,173 Będzin (Poland), xviii, xxi, 65-67 Belzee, 252,256 Berchtesgaden (Germany), 172 Betar Zionist organization, 20 Beth El synagogue (Toronto), 222-223,225 Beth Shalom synagogue (Toronto), 210 Bielfeld, Rabbi, 223 Birkenau, 75,108, но, 230-231,240, 241-242,244 black marketeering, 36-37,43,47, 140,147,163,164 Blitzkrieg, 34 blue Star of David, 40 Bratislava, 232 Bremerhaven (Germany), 179 Breslau, xix, 88 Breslau-Gleiwitz autobahn, xix-xx British blockade of Palestine, 173-174.265 Bystra (Poland), 18 Café Clubsz (Chorzów), 153 Canadian Communist Party, 188 Canadian immigration, xxviii-xxix, 178,265 Canadian Immigration office (Regensburg), 176-177 Canadian Jewish Congress (eje), 236,238,247,263 Carmelite Convent, 245 Carpathian Mountains, 142, 231-232 Carroll, James, 265 Catholic Church, 265 Chanukah, 17 Charmatz, Konrad, xvii Chorzów (Poland), xvi, xxiii, 7-24, 26-29,137,143-147.152.153-156, 229.249 Civitan Club, 215 Cohen, Joy, 233 Cohen, Sid, 213-214 College Street (Toronto), 183,184 Collis, Bernice: courtship/marriage, 204,209-211; motherhood, 212-213,215; travels, 219-221, 225-232,233 Collis, Saul (father-in-law), 210 communism, 166,197,228 Constantine’s Sword (Carroll), 265 Council of Elders (Judenrat), xvii, xix, xx, xxii, 41-42, 43-44. 45. 51-52. 53 crematoria, 79,81,117,120,122,241, 242,244,245 Cuba, 265 Cuplinskas, Eugene, 212,215-216 Czechoslovakia, 157-160,226, 231-232 Czechoslovakian Repatriation, 158, 160 Częstochowa (Poland), 18,39,40, 133.147. 254-255 Dabrova (Poland), xxi
Dachau, 125 death marches, xxvii, 113-116,147 De-Nazification, 166 Department of Housing (Bamberg), 137-138
NATE LEIPCIGER deportations: from Auschwitz, 87-88; from Będzin, 65-67; from Chorzów, xviii, xxi, 27, ąi, 45-46; from Fünfteichen camp, 113-116; from Gross-Rosen camp, 117-118; from Sosnowiec, xxi-xxiii, 52-55; from Šrodula, 55. 57.61-65; from Waldlager, 128-129 Detroit (Michigan), 209 Diaspora, 252,261 Dominican Republic, 254 DPs (Displaced Persons), 190-191, 201-202,207 DP camps, xxvii-xxviii, 136,137,159, 161,162,173-174.178 Draper, Paula, 236 Drevnik, Renee, 204 Dziedzice (Poland), 143 Ecksberg convent hospital, 132-136 Ed (US Army boss), 163 Eichmann, Adolf, xvi, 222 Einsatzgruppen, xvii, 243 Ellis, Saul, 213-214 Engel, Robbie, 238 England, 166,173-174,240,265 ethnic cleansing, xvi-xviii Evian (France), 254 Expo ’67 (Montreal), 221,234 Fackenheim, Rabbi Emil, 202-203, 213 Feldafing DP camp (Munich), 173 Field of Ashes (Birkenau), 241 Final Solution, 264 First International Forum on the Holocaust, 263-264 ՅՈ Flossenbürg camp, xxiv, 118-121 forced labour, xvii-xxiii, 41-42, 49-50,147,174. See also Fünfteichen camp; Gross-Rosen camp; Mühldorf am Inn camp; Waldlager camp forced marches, xxvii, 113-116,147 Ford, Henry, 165 Friedrich Krupp-Bertha Werke, 88, 90-91, 94-95 Frieberg, Gerda, 236,237 Frohm, Paul, 164-165,166-167 Fünfteichen camp, xxiv, xxv-xxvii, 88-113, 260 Galicia (Poland), 41,242 gas chambers, 76,79,81, 84,152-153, 231, 242,244,245,250 Gateway Hotel (Gravenhurst), 204, 209 Gathering of American Holocaust Survivors, 235-236 Generalgouvernement (Poland), xvi-xvii, 40,41 Germany: invasion of Poland, xvi, 24-25,33-34; invasion of Soviet Union, xxi; Non-Aggression
Pact with Soviet Union, xvi, 4041,166; occupation of Poland, 41-42,145; in retreat, 120,155 Gertrude (Trudy) (friend of Nate), 168-170 Gestapo, xxi-xxii, 37, 40,151,165 Gestapo headquarters (Środula), 61-62 ghettos, xvi, xviii, xix, 35, 76,133, 147,190-191,252, 265. See also
312 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM Sosnowiec (Poland); Środula ghetto (Poland); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Glen Cedar Road (Toronto), 195 Glick, Srul Irving, 236 Gmina Żydowska (Jewish Community Office), 157 Godfrey, Joe, 216,222-223,251 Godfrey, Norman, 251 Godfrey, Rose, 251 Goetz, Aaron, 170 Goetz, Ira (Izaak), 169-170,171-172, 177,209,210 Goldach, Mietek, 147,173-174 Goldach, Roma (née Nadelberg) (cousin), 11,146,147,154,173-174 Goldberg, Adara, xxviii, xxix Goldfischer, Barbara (Bronia), 169-170,177 Good, Mendel, 236 Gotlieb, Allan, 235 Graf Reden Hotel (Chorzów), 154 Greater German Reich, xvi Greece, 219, 220 Green, Cary (son-in-law), 239, 242-243,249-250 Green, Daniel (grandson), 259-260, 259-261 Green, Herb, 208,209,210,213,247 Green, Jason (grandson), 259 Green, Jennifer (granddaughter), 258 Green, Joyce, 209,210,247 Green, Lipa, 242 Green (Gruenwald), Lipa, 242 Gross Strehlitz, 42 Gross-Rosen camp, xxiv, 88-89,9շ 97, 99,116-117 Grunwald Cross, 231,240-241 Hajduchy (Chorzów), 146 Harbord Collegiate, 184-189, 191-192,195,196-197.206 Harris, Milton, 236 Hashomer Hatzair (socialist organi zation), 197 Hasidim, 18-19 Hauptkapos, 106-107,111 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 259 H.H. Angus, 211-212, 213-214, 215 highway construction, xix, xx, 42, 122,151 Himmler, Heinrich, xviii, xviii-xix, xxvi Hitler, Adolf, 165-166,172, 213 Hitlerjugend, 35-36,165 Hof (Germany), 161 Holocaust denial, 240,241 Holocaust Memorial Centre (Toronto), 234,235,236-238 Holocaust Remembrance Day Committee, 233,235,236,238 Holocaust Survivors’ Stories, 236, 238 Holy Blossom Temple (Toronto), 202,233 Iatzek
(friend), 15-16 infirmary (Fünfteichen camp), 108-109,110-113 infirmary (Waldlager camp), 5, 129-130 International Auschwitz Council,
NATE LEIPCIGER 238, 239, 241, 243, 246, 252-253 International Red Cross, 160 International Refugee Organization (iro), 170 Irving, David, 240 Israel, 197,219-221,239,258 Israel Defense Forces (idf), 260-261 Jaifa, 221 Janek (kapo in Fünfteichen), xxv, 91-93.95.100 Jerusalem, 221,252 Jewish Immigrant Aid Society (Toronto), 191 Jewish police force (Sosnowiec), xix, xxii, 50-51,53,54-55,224, 258-259 Jewish Vocational Services (Toronto), 217 Josephine, Sister, 134-136 Jospin, Lionel, 263 Józefów (Poland), 242 Judenrat (Council of Elders), xvii, 313 xxvi, 100,101-102,103; in Waldlager camp, 127 Katowice (Poland), 149-150, 157-158,227-229 Katowice Polytechnic, 228 Katowicka Street (Chorzów), 154, 155 Keegstra, James, 240 Kiddush, 45,243,249 Kielce (Poland), 173,255 King, William Lyon Mackenzie, xxviii-xxix King of Kensington, 195 Knesset (Israel), 239,251 Kohl, Rabbi, 16 Kotel (Western Wall), 256,257 Krakow (Poland), 228-229, 250-251, 256 Krupp, Bertha, 88 Krupp, Friedrich, 88 Krupp industries, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95. 105,107-113 Krysia (Linka’s friend), 8-9,145-146 Lagerälteste (camp kapo), 89,105, xix, xx, xxii, 41-42, 43-44. 45. 106 51-52·. 53 Kaddish, 171,240, 250,255 Laine, Frankie, 186 Kaminker, David, 217 Latrun (Israel), 256 Kanada camp (Auschwitz), 76,81, Le Havre (France), 179 242 Leipciger, Aria Naddene (daughter), kapos: in Auschwitz, 72-73,75, 215,221-222,249,258-259 Leipciger, Bernice (née Collis). See 77-78,79,81-83; in Flossenbürg camp, 119,120; in Fünfteichen Collis, Bernice Leipciger, Cesia (cousin), 146,147 camp, 90,91,94.95.98,108, 110; in Gross-Rosen camp, 116,
Leipciger, David (uncle), xxix, 153, 119; Janek, xxv, 91-93,95,100; 163,179-180,183,184,191,194, in Mühldorf camp, 125; Staszek, 224
314 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM Leipciger, Helen (aunt), i8o, 189-190,191,194,209 Leipciger, Irving (cousin), 180 Leipciger, Jacob (father): in Chorzów, 7-29; in forced labour camp, xix, 27,39-40,42-43, 49-50,155; marital problems, xxii-xxiii, 60; in Sosnowiec, 50-53; in Jewish police force, 50-51. 53. 55. 224, 258-259; in Srodula ghetto, xxii, xxiii-xxiv, 53-67; resourcefulness, xv; in Auschwitz-Birkenau, xxii, 69-85; 48516, 88; in Fünfteichen camp, xxv-xxvii, 88-113; in Gross-Rosen camp, 116-117; in Flossenbürg camp, xxiv, 118-121; in Leonberg camp, 121-123; in Mühldorf am Inn camp, 124126; in Waldlager camp, xxvü, 5,126-128; in Bamberg, 161-179; liberation, xxviii, 5,130-132; family deaths during Holocaust, 147,254-255; in Toronto, . 183-184,191,198-199,206,210, 216-217,222; marriages, 194-196, 217; faith, 225; death, 223-224 Leipciger, Joe (cousin), 180,184,187, 188,193-194 Leipciger, Kaminker, Mitelman, 217 Leipciger, Leah (née Pereik) (moth er): in Chorzów, 7-24, 26-29; in Lodz, 24-26; in Sosnowiec, 29-53; resourcefulness, xxiii, 33; relationships, xxii, 39-40; in Srodula, 53-67; in Auschwitz, 70,73; remembering, 184,195, 210.213.229, 247,250,258,260 Leipciger, Leon (uncle), 147 Leipciger, Linka (sister): in Chorzów, 7, 8-10,18,27-28; in Sosnowiec, xxii, 30,32-33,51; resourcefiilness, xxiii, 30,32-33; in Srodula, 53-54,60-61; in Auschwitz, xxiii, 73; remember ing, 145-146,149-150,163-164, 215.229, 247,250,258,260 Leipciger, Lisa (daughter), 212-213, 217,221-222,249,250 Leipciger, Nate: birth, xv; in Chorzów, 7-24,26-29; in Lodz, 24-26; in Sosnowiec, 29-53; re
sourcefulness, xxiii-xxiv, 31-35, 32,43; shoemaking, 45-48,51; as electrician, xxiv, 44,45-48, 70-71,83-84,89,90,100,121, 180,184; in Srodula ghetto, xxii, xxiii-xxiv, 53-67; bar mitzvah, 44-45; in Auschwitz-Birkenau, xxii, 69-85; in Israel, 219-221, 256-257; 133628,71,74,85; in Fünfteichen camp, xxv-xxvii, 88-113,260; as pipei, xxv, 92-93, 112; in Gross-Rosen camp, 116117; in Flossenbürg camp, xxiv, 118-121; in Leonberg camp, 121123; in Mühldorf am Inn camp, 124-126; in Waldlager camp, xxvii, 5,126-128; liberation, xxviii, 5,130-132; in Bamberg, 161-179; return to Chorzów, 143-147.152-156; return to
NATE LEIPCIGER 315 Poland, 143-156; immigration to Canada, xxix, 3-4,176-177, 178-181; in Harbord Collegiate, 184-189,191-192,196-197,201203,206; post-secondary educa tion, 205-209, 211; engineering, Lone Soldiers (Israel Defense 204,208-209, 2ii 213-217; marriage and children, 209-211, 212-213,215; travels, 219-221, 225-232,248-251; Holocaust Memorial Centre commit tee, 234-238; International Auschwitz Council, 238-246; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising com memoration, 247-248; March of Remembrance and Hope, 257-258; March of the Living, 251-257,258-261; search for 58, 63-64,70 March of Remembrance and Hope, 257-258 March of the Living, 246,251-257, faith, 202-203,213.222-223,225 Leipciger, Rae (cousin), 180, 193-194 Leipciger, Ronda Beth (daughter), 215,221-222,223,249,250 Leipciger, Rose (Jacob’s third wife), 217,222 Leipciger, Tobias (uncle), 24, 146-147 Leonberg camp, xxiv, 121-123 Lewis, Stephen, 237 liberation, xxvii, 5,130-132 Litwin, Adam (grandson), 260 Litwin, Gary (grandson), 261 Litwin, Joshua (grandson), 258 Litwin, Zvi (son-in-law), 249 Lodz (Poland), xix, 24-25,26-27, 147-149 Forces), 260-261 Lublin (Poland), 149 Lwów (Poland), xxiii, 41,174 Majdanek, 252,256 Mania (girlfriend, Środula), 53-54, 258-261 Markson, Jerome, 234,237 Markson, Morley, 204,234,237 Markstadt camp, 105-106 Martha (father’s friend), 167-168 Mason, Michael, 127 Merin, Moishe (Moniek), xvii, xviii-xxi, 41-42, 50,52,54 Meritorious Service Medal, 238 Merkur, David, 208 Mid-Canada Line, 212 Mitelman Engineering, 217 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, xvi, 40-41,166 Montreal, 221 Mühldorf am Inn, 133,136
Mühldorf am Inn camp, xxiv, 124-126 Munich, 124,137,171-172 Muskoka (Ontario), 194 Nadelberg, Genia (cousin), 11,146, 147 Nadelberg, Israel (Kurt) (uncle), 11, 146,147.152-153,159 Nadelberg, Mirla (née Leipciger) (aunt), 11
3l6 THE WEIGHT OP FREEDOM National Holocaust Remembrance Committee (nhrc), 238 Nazi Party, 47,155,166,172,175 Nisko (Poland), xxiii, 40 Non-Aggression Pact (Germany and Soviet Union), xvi, 40-41, 166 None Is Too Many (Troper and Abella), 178 Nozik synagogue (Warsaw), 256 Nuremberg (Germany), 137,166,171 Nuremberg trials, 166 Okins, Ed, 215-216 Okins, Leipciger, Cuplinskas, Kaminker, 217 Okins, Leipciger, Cuplinskas and Associates, Ltd., 216 Old-New synagogue (Prague), 226 Ontario government, 237 Ontario Hydro, 208-209 Oststreifen (Eastern Strip), xviii, xix Oświęcim (Poland), 45,244 Palestine, 173-174, 265 Passover, 9,10,16,45 Pereik, Adel (cousin), 174-175 Pereik, Carola (cousin), 174-175,189 Pereik, Elka (maternal grandmoth er), 18,23-24, 66,143 Pereik, Elsa (cousin), 34,35, 159-160,174-175 Pereik, Fela (cousin), 174-175 Pereik, Helen (great-aunt), 33-34, 52.174 Pereik, Shimon (maternal grandfa ther), 17-18,24,26-27,32-33.35. 44-45,48-49,143,15Յ-154 Pereik, Yehoshua (great-uncle), 33-34,35, 52, 63, 64, 65,70,159, 174 Pereik, Zosia (cousin), 174-175 Piłsudski, Marszałek Józef, 13 Pinkus, Jonathan (grandson), 259-260 Pinkus, Jordana (granddaughter), 260 Pinkus, Mira (granddaughter), 258 Pinkus, Steve (son-in-law), 249 Piper, Mr., 241 Plan Electric, 213-214,215 Plzeň (Pilzno) (Czechoslovakia), 141,159,160-161 pogroms, 173,255 Poland: German invasion/occupation of, xvi, 34,41,145; Jewish population in, 173,252; MolotovRibbentrop pact, xvi, 40-41,166; Soviet invasion of, xvi, 40-41, 113,139-140,148; Soviet occupa tion of, 153,166,188-189; post war, 225-231,238-243,243-246,
247-251; March of the Living, 251-256 Polish Boy Scouts, 241 Polish Cavalry Reserve, 24 Polish Repatriation office, 141 Polish Ukraine, 41 Posluns, Wilfred, 235 Prague (Czechoslovakia), 141, 159-160,226 Presidents’ Mission to Poland and Israel, 247 Prosta Street (Sosnowiec), 29-30,
NATE LEIPCIGER 50-51, 249 Provincial Office (Katowice), 157-158 Purim, 17,154 Quebec City, 179 red triangle, 88 Redeña Street (Chorzów), 155 reftigees, xviii-xxix, 41,137-138, 173-176,217 Registration Centre (Chorzów), 146 Religious Committee of Jews (Bamberg), 171 residential schools (Canada), 257 resistance movements, xxi, 54,78, 99,116,230 Resnick, Ruth, 235,236-237 Ronen, Moshe, 238 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 265 Rosenblatt, Roger, 264 Rosh Hashanah, 184,222 Rotblatt, Josh, 238 Ruff, Helen, 170,177-178 Ruzia (aunt). See Uziemblo, Ruzia Ryerson community college (Toronto), 207-208 Saar, Tom, 212,215 Samaria, 179 Scheininger, Les, 238 Schmelt, SS-Oberfiihrer Albrecht, xviii-xxi Schmelt Organization, xix, xxii Schrottenberg-gasse 8 (Bamberg), 138-139 scribes, 74-75,77-78,85,89. See also Staszek (scribe/каро in Fünfteichen) 317 selections, xxi-xxii, xxiv, 73,78, 82-84,82-85,159 sexual abuse, xxv-xxvi, 91-93,102, 260 Shabbat, 16,17,19,31,144,183,195, 256,260-261 Shabbaton, 253-254 Shapiro, Rabbi Mark, 233-234,235 Skarżysko-Kamienna (Poland), 147 Shema, 80 Shoah, 3-4,165,213,223,253 Siberia, 41,119,174,188-189 Silesia, xxi, xxvi, 28,33,41-42, 88 slave labour, xx, xxvi, 42-43, 88-89, 145,252,254-255 Lavalin, 217 Sobolewski, Sigmund, 240,241, 243 Solidarność party (Poland), 239 Solnik, Irv, 196,201-202, 203-205, 206-207 Sonderkommando (Auschwitz), 241 Sosnowiec (Poland), xvi-xviii, xxi, xxiii, 28-53,242,249-250 Sosnowiec sports stadium, xxi-xxii, 51-52 Soviet pows, 131-132,133-134,166 Soviet Union: in Czechoslovakia, 159; German invasion of, xxi, 166; Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, xvi,
40-41,166; occupation of Poland, 139,141,148,153,160, 166,188-189; oppression in, xxiii, 119,134,166,217 Soviet Zone (Germany), 141 Spadina Avenue (Toronto), 183 Środula ghetto (Poland), xxii, xxiii- SNC
3l8 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM xxiv, 53-67,242, 250 SS soldiers/guards: in AuschwitzBirkenau, 69-71,78,80, 83-84, 85; at Będzin station, 65; blam ing of, 165; during deportations, 118,124; in Flossenbürg camp, 120,121; in Fünfteichen camp, 87-88, 90, 92,94-95. 97.100, 101-102,104,105,106-107,108, 112; in Lodz, 25-26; in Mühldorf camp, 125; in Środula ghetto, 54-55; in Waldlager camp, 5,127, 129-131 SS St. Louis, 265 St. Sylvester (New Year’s Eve), 154 Stammlager (main camp, Auschwitz), 229-230 Star of David, 35-36,40, 88,146, 237, 241,265 Stasia (Aunt Zosia’s housekeeper), 148,149 Staszek (scribe/каро in Fünfteichen), xxvi, 100,101-102, 103 Stubenälteste (room kapo), 72-73, 74-75.77. 89. See also kapos Stubendienst (barrack duty), 76-77 Stubenschreibe (room scribe), 74-75, 77-78,85,89. See also Staszek (scribe/каро in Fünfteichen) Tarnów region (Poland), 243 Tecumseh (Ontario), 209 Tel Aviv, 220-221,252 Temple Emanu-El synagogue, 223 That’s What I Am (Waxman), 195 Time, 264 Toronto, 179-180,183,217 Toronto Jewish Congress (tjc), 233.234-235 Towarowa Street (Sosnowiec), 51, 249 Tracing Oftice (Munich), 137 Treaty of Versailles, 166 Treblinka, 252, 254-255 Treuhänder (trustee), 47 Troper, Harold: None Is Too Many, 178 12 Prosta Street (Sosnowiec), 29-30, 50-51,249 224 Beatrice Street (Toronto), 180 Tzfat (Israel), 252 Ullmann, Mrs., 27,29,49 underground movements, xxi, 54, 78,99,116,230 United Jewish Peoples Order (Toronto), 188 United Nations, 248 United States, 235,265 University of Fürth, 164 University of Saskatchewan, 257 University of Toronto, 205-206,208 United Nations
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (unrra), xxvii-xxviii, 138-139, 162,164 Upper Silesia (Poland), xvi-xvii, xxi, 28 uprisings, 54,241. See aho Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Uziemblo, Antek, 148,149,150-152, 219,222,227-229 Uziemblo, Ruzia (aunt), xxiii, 25,
NATE LEIPCIGER 319 41,145,147-148,149֊152. 219. 221-222,227-229 Victory in Europe Day, 133 Vietnamese boat people, 217 Volksdeutsche (German national living outside Germany), 26,30, Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day), 255 Yom Hazikaron, 256 47.155 Waldlager camp, xxiv, xxvii, 126-128 Walesa, Lech, 239 110-112,113,114 Zaglembie district (Poland), xvixvii, xix, xxi Zionism, 251,258 Zionist youth groups, xxii, 19, 20, Warsaw (Poland), xix, 24,225,228, 239. 256 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 228,240, 247-248,256 Wawel castle (Krakow), 228-229 Waxman, Al, 186,194-196,198-199, 237 Waxman, Benny, 195-196,197-198, 199, 224 Waxman, Toby, 194-195,196,199, 210,216-217 Webber, Jonathan, 243-244 Weingarten, Grace (cousin), 180, 192-193 Weingarten, Paul (cousin), 180 Weingarten, Ralph (cousin), 180, 192-193 Weintraub, Sharon, 236 Weiss, Anchel, 163 Western Wall (Kotel), 256,257 white armbands, 35-36,40 Wiesel, Elie, 203,235,248 Winfield farm (Don Mills), 214-215 yellow star, 36, 88,105,146,265 yeshiva (Hebrew day school), 16, 225 Yom Haatzmaut, 252,256-257 Yom Kippur, 144,152-153.184, 222, 254 Zabramski, Dr., 77,89,108-109, 192.197 Zosia (aunt). See Balasinska, Zosia Zündel, Ernst, 240XXX
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Oo£ťte£tS Series Preface About the Glossary Introduction by Deborah Dwork Map Family Tree Acknowledgements Foreword Prologue Photographic Memories The Slow Roar Closing In The Beginning of the End Days of Grey Kleiner The Race Against Death A Hollow Victory What Was Lost Lives in Suspension Turning Points Social Studies Moving Forward XX xiii XV xxxi xxxiv-xxxv 1 3 5 7 23 39 57 69 87 105 125 М3 157 173 183 201
The Last Connection As I Remembered My Past and My Future Epilogue Glossary Photographs Index 219 233 247 263 267 285 309
Index Abella, Irving: None Is Too Many, 178 Adler, Murray, 204 air raids, xxvi, 113,123,124,126,166, 172 Akiba (Zionist youth organization), 20 Allied forces, xxvi-xxvii, 124,126, 127,129,131,137,138,166,172 119-120,122 Auschwitz 1,246,255 Auschwitz II (Birkenau), 75,108, no, 230-231,240,244 Auschwitz-Birkenau. See also Kanada camp (Auschwitz); overview, xx, xxi-xxii, 45; in operation, 69-85; murders Amberg DP camp, 178 in, 111-112,119,147,152-153; museum, 229-231; International American Army tailor shop Auschwitz Council, 239-242, (Bamberg), 162-163 American forces, 5,113,120,123, 130-132,133,134 American Zone, 139,141,159,160, 161 Angus, Don, 211-212 Anschluss, xvi, 265 antisemitism: in Canada, 204,207, 208,211,216,220,228; in Poland, xvi, 13-14,23-24.239.244 Appell (roll call), 75 Appellplatz (roll call place), 75, 76,79. 89, 94-95.106-107,113, 243-246; visits to, 250,255, 259-260 autobahn camps, xix-xx, 42,122,151 Bad Salzschlirf DP camp (Fulda), 174 Balasinska, Zosia (aunt), xxiii, 18, 25,41,145,148-150,219,221-222, 227-229 Balfour Manor camp (Gravenhurst), 203-204 Bamberg (Germany), 137-138,153, 158,160,161-179 barrack 27 (Auschwitz), 240
310 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM Baustelle (construction site), 107-109,110 Bavaria, 172,173 Będzin (Poland), xviii, xxi, 65-67 Belzee, 252,256 Berchtesgaden (Germany), 172 Betar Zionist organization, 20 Beth El synagogue (Toronto), 222-223,225 Beth Shalom synagogue (Toronto), 210 Bielfeld, Rabbi, 223 Birkenau, 75,108, но, 230-231,240, 241-242,244 black marketeering, 36-37,43,47, 140,147,163,164 Blitzkrieg, 34 blue Star of David, 40 Bratislava, 232 Bremerhaven (Germany), 179 Breslau, xix, 88 Breslau-Gleiwitz autobahn, xix-xx British blockade of Palestine, 173-174.265 Bystra (Poland), 18 Café Clubsz (Chorzów), 153 Canadian Communist Party, 188 Canadian immigration, xxviii-xxix, 178,265 Canadian Immigration office (Regensburg), 176-177 Canadian Jewish Congress (eje), 236,238,247,263 Carmelite Convent, 245 Carpathian Mountains, 142, 231-232 Carroll, James, 265 Catholic Church, 265 Chanukah, 17 Charmatz, Konrad, xvii Chorzów (Poland), xvi, xxiii, 7-24, 26-29,137,143-147.152.153-156, 229.249 Civitan Club, 215 Cohen, Joy, 233 Cohen, Sid, 213-214 College Street (Toronto), 183,184 Collis, Bernice: courtship/marriage, 204,209-211; motherhood, 212-213,215; travels, 219-221, 225-232,233 Collis, Saul (father-in-law), 210 communism, 166,197,228 Constantine’s Sword (Carroll), 265 Council of Elders (Judenrat), xvii, xix, xx, xxii, 41-42, 43-44. 45. 51-52. 53 crematoria, 79,81,117,120,122,241, 242,244,245 Cuba, 265 Cuplinskas, Eugene, 212,215-216 Czechoslovakia, 157-160,226, 231-232 Czechoslovakian Repatriation, 158, 160 Częstochowa (Poland), 18,39,40, 133.147. 254-255 Dabrova (Poland), xxi
Dachau, 125 death marches, xxvii, 113-116,147 De-Nazification, 166 Department of Housing (Bamberg), 137-138
NATE LEIPCIGER deportations: from Auschwitz, 87-88; from Będzin, 65-67; from Chorzów, xviii, xxi, 27, ąi, 45-46; from Fünfteichen camp, 113-116; from Gross-Rosen camp, 117-118; from Sosnowiec, xxi-xxiii, 52-55; from Šrodula, 55. 57.61-65; from Waldlager, 128-129 Detroit (Michigan), 209 Diaspora, 252,261 Dominican Republic, 254 DPs (Displaced Persons), 190-191, 201-202,207 DP camps, xxvii-xxviii, 136,137,159, 161,162,173-174.178 Draper, Paula, 236 Drevnik, Renee, 204 Dziedzice (Poland), 143 Ecksberg convent hospital, 132-136 Ed (US Army boss), 163 Eichmann, Adolf, xvi, 222 Einsatzgruppen, xvii, 243 Ellis, Saul, 213-214 Engel, Robbie, 238 England, 166,173-174,240,265 ethnic cleansing, xvi-xviii Evian (France), 254 Expo ’67 (Montreal), 221,234 Fackenheim, Rabbi Emil, 202-203, 213 Feldafing DP camp (Munich), 173 Field of Ashes (Birkenau), 241 Final Solution, 264 First International Forum on the Holocaust, 263-264 ՅՈ Flossenbürg camp, xxiv, 118-121 forced labour, xvii-xxiii, 41-42, 49-50,147,174. See also Fünfteichen camp; Gross-Rosen camp; Mühldorf am Inn camp; Waldlager camp forced marches, xxvii, 113-116,147 Ford, Henry, 165 Friedrich Krupp-Bertha Werke, 88, 90-91, 94-95 Frieberg, Gerda, 236,237 Frohm, Paul, 164-165,166-167 Fünfteichen camp, xxiv, xxv-xxvii, 88-113, 260 Galicia (Poland), 41,242 gas chambers, 76,79,81, 84,152-153, 231, 242,244,245,250 Gateway Hotel (Gravenhurst), 204, 209 Gathering of American Holocaust Survivors, 235-236 Generalgouvernement (Poland), xvi-xvii, 40,41 Germany: invasion of Poland, xvi, 24-25,33-34; invasion of Soviet Union, xxi; Non-Aggression
Pact with Soviet Union, xvi, 4041,166; occupation of Poland, 41-42,145; in retreat, 120,155 Gertrude (Trudy) (friend of Nate), 168-170 Gestapo, xxi-xxii, 37, 40,151,165 Gestapo headquarters (Środula), 61-62 ghettos, xvi, xviii, xix, 35, 76,133, 147,190-191,252, 265. See also
312 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM Sosnowiec (Poland); Środula ghetto (Poland); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Glen Cedar Road (Toronto), 195 Glick, Srul Irving, 236 Gmina Żydowska (Jewish Community Office), 157 Godfrey, Joe, 216,222-223,251 Godfrey, Norman, 251 Godfrey, Rose, 251 Goetz, Aaron, 170 Goetz, Ira (Izaak), 169-170,171-172, 177,209,210 Goldach, Mietek, 147,173-174 Goldach, Roma (née Nadelberg) (cousin), 11,146,147,154,173-174 Goldberg, Adara, xxviii, xxix Goldfischer, Barbara (Bronia), 169-170,177 Good, Mendel, 236 Gotlieb, Allan, 235 Graf Reden Hotel (Chorzów), 154 Greater German Reich, xvi Greece, 219, 220 Green, Cary (son-in-law), 239, 242-243,249-250 Green, Daniel (grandson), 259-260, 259-261 Green, Herb, 208,209,210,213,247 Green, Jason (grandson), 259 Green, Jennifer (granddaughter), 258 Green, Joyce, 209,210,247 Green, Lipa, 242 Green (Gruenwald), Lipa, 242 Gross Strehlitz, 42 Gross-Rosen camp, xxiv, 88-89,9շ 97, 99,116-117 Grunwald Cross, 231,240-241 Hajduchy (Chorzów), 146 Harbord Collegiate, 184-189, 191-192,195,196-197.206 Harris, Milton, 236 Hashomer Hatzair (socialist organi zation), 197 Hasidim, 18-19 Hauptkapos, 106-107,111 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 259 H.H. Angus, 211-212, 213-214, 215 highway construction, xix, xx, 42, 122,151 Himmler, Heinrich, xviii, xviii-xix, xxvi Hitler, Adolf, 165-166,172, 213 Hitlerjugend, 35-36,165 Hof (Germany), 161 Holocaust denial, 240,241 Holocaust Memorial Centre (Toronto), 234,235,236-238 Holocaust Remembrance Day Committee, 233,235,236,238 Holocaust Survivors’ Stories, 236, 238 Holy Blossom Temple (Toronto), 202,233 Iatzek
(friend), 15-16 infirmary (Fünfteichen camp), 108-109,110-113 infirmary (Waldlager camp), 5, 129-130 International Auschwitz Council,
NATE LEIPCIGER 238, 239, 241, 243, 246, 252-253 International Red Cross, 160 International Refugee Organization (iro), 170 Irving, David, 240 Israel, 197,219-221,239,258 Israel Defense Forces (idf), 260-261 Jaifa, 221 Janek (kapo in Fünfteichen), xxv, 91-93.95.100 Jerusalem, 221,252 Jewish Immigrant Aid Society (Toronto), 191 Jewish police force (Sosnowiec), xix, xxii, 50-51,53,54-55,224, 258-259 Jewish Vocational Services (Toronto), 217 Josephine, Sister, 134-136 Jospin, Lionel, 263 Józefów (Poland), 242 Judenrat (Council of Elders), xvii, 313 xxvi, 100,101-102,103; in Waldlager camp, 127 Katowice (Poland), 149-150, 157-158,227-229 Katowice Polytechnic, 228 Katowicka Street (Chorzów), 154, 155 Keegstra, James, 240 Kiddush, 45,243,249 Kielce (Poland), 173,255 King, William Lyon Mackenzie, xxviii-xxix King of Kensington, 195 Knesset (Israel), 239,251 Kohl, Rabbi, 16 Kotel (Western Wall), 256,257 Krakow (Poland), 228-229, 250-251, 256 Krupp, Bertha, 88 Krupp, Friedrich, 88 Krupp industries, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95. 105,107-113 Krysia (Linka’s friend), 8-9,145-146 Lagerälteste (camp kapo), 89,105, xix, xx, xxii, 41-42, 43-44. 45. 106 51-52·. 53 Kaddish, 171,240, 250,255 Laine, Frankie, 186 Kaminker, David, 217 Latrun (Israel), 256 Kanada camp (Auschwitz), 76,81, Le Havre (France), 179 242 Leipciger, Aria Naddene (daughter), kapos: in Auschwitz, 72-73,75, 215,221-222,249,258-259 Leipciger, Bernice (née Collis). See 77-78,79,81-83; in Flossenbürg camp, 119,120; in Fünfteichen Collis, Bernice Leipciger, Cesia (cousin), 146,147 camp, 90,91,94.95.98,108, 110; in Gross-Rosen camp, 116,
Leipciger, David (uncle), xxix, 153, 119; Janek, xxv, 91-93,95,100; 163,179-180,183,184,191,194, in Mühldorf camp, 125; Staszek, 224
314 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM Leipciger, Helen (aunt), i8o, 189-190,191,194,209 Leipciger, Irving (cousin), 180 Leipciger, Jacob (father): in Chorzów, 7-29; in forced labour camp, xix, 27,39-40,42-43, 49-50,155; marital problems, xxii-xxiii, 60; in Sosnowiec, 50-53; in Jewish police force, 50-51. 53. 55. 224, 258-259; in Srodula ghetto, xxii, xxiii-xxiv, 53-67; resourcefulness, xv; in Auschwitz-Birkenau, xxii, 69-85; 48516, 88; in Fünfteichen camp, xxv-xxvii, 88-113; in Gross-Rosen camp, 116-117; in Flossenbürg camp, xxiv, 118-121; in Leonberg camp, 121-123; in Mühldorf am Inn camp, 124126; in Waldlager camp, xxvü, 5,126-128; in Bamberg, 161-179; liberation, xxviii, 5,130-132; family deaths during Holocaust, 147,254-255; in Toronto, . 183-184,191,198-199,206,210, 216-217,222; marriages, 194-196, 217; faith, 225; death, 223-224 Leipciger, Joe (cousin), 180,184,187, 188,193-194 Leipciger, Kaminker, Mitelman, 217 Leipciger, Leah (née Pereik) (moth er): in Chorzów, 7-24, 26-29; in Lodz, 24-26; in Sosnowiec, 29-53; resourcefulness, xxiii, 33; relationships, xxii, 39-40; in Srodula, 53-67; in Auschwitz, 70,73; remembering, 184,195, 210.213.229, 247,250,258,260 Leipciger, Leon (uncle), 147 Leipciger, Linka (sister): in Chorzów, 7, 8-10,18,27-28; in Sosnowiec, xxii, 30,32-33,51; resourcefiilness, xxiii, 30,32-33; in Srodula, 53-54,60-61; in Auschwitz, xxiii, 73; remember ing, 145-146,149-150,163-164, 215.229, 247,250,258,260 Leipciger, Lisa (daughter), 212-213, 217,221-222,249,250 Leipciger, Nate: birth, xv; in Chorzów, 7-24,26-29; in Lodz, 24-26; in Sosnowiec, 29-53; re
sourcefulness, xxiii-xxiv, 31-35, 32,43; shoemaking, 45-48,51; as electrician, xxiv, 44,45-48, 70-71,83-84,89,90,100,121, 180,184; in Srodula ghetto, xxii, xxiii-xxiv, 53-67; bar mitzvah, 44-45; in Auschwitz-Birkenau, xxii, 69-85; in Israel, 219-221, 256-257; 133628,71,74,85; in Fünfteichen camp, xxv-xxvii, 88-113,260; as pipei, xxv, 92-93, 112; in Gross-Rosen camp, 116117; in Flossenbürg camp, xxiv, 118-121; in Leonberg camp, 121123; in Mühldorf am Inn camp, 124-126; in Waldlager camp, xxvii, 5,126-128; liberation, xxviii, 5,130-132; in Bamberg, 161-179; return to Chorzów, 143-147.152-156; return to
NATE LEIPCIGER 315 Poland, 143-156; immigration to Canada, xxix, 3-4,176-177, 178-181; in Harbord Collegiate, 184-189,191-192,196-197,201203,206; post-secondary educa tion, 205-209, 211; engineering, Lone Soldiers (Israel Defense 204,208-209, 2ii 213-217; marriage and children, 209-211, 212-213,215; travels, 219-221, 225-232,248-251; Holocaust Memorial Centre commit tee, 234-238; International Auschwitz Council, 238-246; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising com memoration, 247-248; March of Remembrance and Hope, 257-258; March of the Living, 251-257,258-261; search for 58, 63-64,70 March of Remembrance and Hope, 257-258 March of the Living, 246,251-257, faith, 202-203,213.222-223,225 Leipciger, Rae (cousin), 180, 193-194 Leipciger, Ronda Beth (daughter), 215,221-222,223,249,250 Leipciger, Rose (Jacob’s third wife), 217,222 Leipciger, Tobias (uncle), 24, 146-147 Leonberg camp, xxiv, 121-123 Lewis, Stephen, 237 liberation, xxvii, 5,130-132 Litwin, Adam (grandson), 260 Litwin, Gary (grandson), 261 Litwin, Joshua (grandson), 258 Litwin, Zvi (son-in-law), 249 Lodz (Poland), xix, 24-25,26-27, 147-149 Forces), 260-261 Lublin (Poland), 149 Lwów (Poland), xxiii, 41,174 Majdanek, 252,256 Mania (girlfriend, Środula), 53-54, 258-261 Markson, Jerome, 234,237 Markson, Morley, 204,234,237 Markstadt camp, 105-106 Martha (father’s friend), 167-168 Mason, Michael, 127 Merin, Moishe (Moniek), xvii, xviii-xxi, 41-42, 50,52,54 Meritorious Service Medal, 238 Merkur, David, 208 Mid-Canada Line, 212 Mitelman Engineering, 217 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, xvi, 40-41,166 Montreal, 221 Mühldorf am Inn, 133,136
Mühldorf am Inn camp, xxiv, 124-126 Munich, 124,137,171-172 Muskoka (Ontario), 194 Nadelberg, Genia (cousin), 11,146, 147 Nadelberg, Israel (Kurt) (uncle), 11, 146,147.152-153,159 Nadelberg, Mirla (née Leipciger) (aunt), 11
3l6 THE WEIGHT OP FREEDOM National Holocaust Remembrance Committee (nhrc), 238 Nazi Party, 47,155,166,172,175 Nisko (Poland), xxiii, 40 Non-Aggression Pact (Germany and Soviet Union), xvi, 40-41, 166 None Is Too Many (Troper and Abella), 178 Nozik synagogue (Warsaw), 256 Nuremberg (Germany), 137,166,171 Nuremberg trials, 166 Okins, Ed, 215-216 Okins, Leipciger, Cuplinskas, Kaminker, 217 Okins, Leipciger, Cuplinskas and Associates, Ltd., 216 Old-New synagogue (Prague), 226 Ontario government, 237 Ontario Hydro, 208-209 Oststreifen (Eastern Strip), xviii, xix Oświęcim (Poland), 45,244 Palestine, 173-174, 265 Passover, 9,10,16,45 Pereik, Adel (cousin), 174-175 Pereik, Carola (cousin), 174-175,189 Pereik, Elka (maternal grandmoth er), 18,23-24, 66,143 Pereik, Elsa (cousin), 34,35, 159-160,174-175 Pereik, Fela (cousin), 174-175 Pereik, Helen (great-aunt), 33-34, 52.174 Pereik, Shimon (maternal grandfa ther), 17-18,24,26-27,32-33.35. 44-45,48-49,143,15Յ-154 Pereik, Yehoshua (great-uncle), 33-34,35, 52, 63, 64, 65,70,159, 174 Pereik, Zosia (cousin), 174-175 Piłsudski, Marszałek Józef, 13 Pinkus, Jonathan (grandson), 259-260 Pinkus, Jordana (granddaughter), 260 Pinkus, Mira (granddaughter), 258 Pinkus, Steve (son-in-law), 249 Piper, Mr., 241 Plan Electric, 213-214,215 Plzeň (Pilzno) (Czechoslovakia), 141,159,160-161 pogroms, 173,255 Poland: German invasion/occupation of, xvi, 34,41,145; Jewish population in, 173,252; MolotovRibbentrop pact, xvi, 40-41,166; Soviet invasion of, xvi, 40-41, 113,139-140,148; Soviet occupa tion of, 153,166,188-189; post war, 225-231,238-243,243-246,
247-251; March of the Living, 251-256 Polish Boy Scouts, 241 Polish Cavalry Reserve, 24 Polish Repatriation office, 141 Polish Ukraine, 41 Posluns, Wilfred, 235 Prague (Czechoslovakia), 141, 159-160,226 Presidents’ Mission to Poland and Israel, 247 Prosta Street (Sosnowiec), 29-30,
NATE LEIPCIGER 50-51, 249 Provincial Office (Katowice), 157-158 Purim, 17,154 Quebec City, 179 red triangle, 88 Redeña Street (Chorzów), 155 reftigees, xviii-xxix, 41,137-138, 173-176,217 Registration Centre (Chorzów), 146 Religious Committee of Jews (Bamberg), 171 residential schools (Canada), 257 resistance movements, xxi, 54,78, 99,116,230 Resnick, Ruth, 235,236-237 Ronen, Moshe, 238 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 265 Rosenblatt, Roger, 264 Rosh Hashanah, 184,222 Rotblatt, Josh, 238 Ruff, Helen, 170,177-178 Ruzia (aunt). See Uziemblo, Ruzia Ryerson community college (Toronto), 207-208 Saar, Tom, 212,215 Samaria, 179 Scheininger, Les, 238 Schmelt, SS-Oberfiihrer Albrecht, xviii-xxi Schmelt Organization, xix, xxii Schrottenberg-gasse 8 (Bamberg), 138-139 scribes, 74-75,77-78,85,89. See also Staszek (scribe/каро in Fünfteichen) 317 selections, xxi-xxii, xxiv, 73,78, 82-84,82-85,159 sexual abuse, xxv-xxvi, 91-93,102, 260 Shabbat, 16,17,19,31,144,183,195, 256,260-261 Shabbaton, 253-254 Shapiro, Rabbi Mark, 233-234,235 Skarżysko-Kamienna (Poland), 147 Shema, 80 Shoah, 3-4,165,213,223,253 Siberia, 41,119,174,188-189 Silesia, xxi, xxvi, 28,33,41-42, 88 slave labour, xx, xxvi, 42-43, 88-89, 145,252,254-255 Lavalin, 217 Sobolewski, Sigmund, 240,241, 243 Solidarność party (Poland), 239 Solnik, Irv, 196,201-202, 203-205, 206-207 Sonderkommando (Auschwitz), 241 Sosnowiec (Poland), xvi-xviii, xxi, xxiii, 28-53,242,249-250 Sosnowiec sports stadium, xxi-xxii, 51-52 Soviet pows, 131-132,133-134,166 Soviet Union: in Czechoslovakia, 159; German invasion of, xxi, 166; Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, xvi,
40-41,166; occupation of Poland, 139,141,148,153,160, 166,188-189; oppression in, xxiii, 119,134,166,217 Soviet Zone (Germany), 141 Spadina Avenue (Toronto), 183 Środula ghetto (Poland), xxii, xxiii- SNC
3l8 THE WEIGHT OF FREEDOM xxiv, 53-67,242, 250 SS soldiers/guards: in AuschwitzBirkenau, 69-71,78,80, 83-84, 85; at Będzin station, 65; blam ing of, 165; during deportations, 118,124; in Flossenbürg camp, 120,121; in Fünfteichen camp, 87-88, 90, 92,94-95. 97.100, 101-102,104,105,106-107,108, 112; in Lodz, 25-26; in Mühldorf camp, 125; in Środula ghetto, 54-55; in Waldlager camp, 5,127, 129-131 SS St. Louis, 265 St. Sylvester (New Year’s Eve), 154 Stammlager (main camp, Auschwitz), 229-230 Star of David, 35-36,40, 88,146, 237, 241,265 Stasia (Aunt Zosia’s housekeeper), 148,149 Staszek (scribe/каро in Fünfteichen), xxvi, 100,101-102, 103 Stubenälteste (room kapo), 72-73, 74-75.77. 89. See also kapos Stubendienst (barrack duty), 76-77 Stubenschreibe (room scribe), 74-75, 77-78,85,89. See also Staszek (scribe/каро in Fünfteichen) Tarnów region (Poland), 243 Tecumseh (Ontario), 209 Tel Aviv, 220-221,252 Temple Emanu-El synagogue, 223 That’s What I Am (Waxman), 195 Time, 264 Toronto, 179-180,183,217 Toronto Jewish Congress (tjc), 233.234-235 Towarowa Street (Sosnowiec), 51, 249 Tracing Oftice (Munich), 137 Treaty of Versailles, 166 Treblinka, 252, 254-255 Treuhänder (trustee), 47 Troper, Harold: None Is Too Many, 178 12 Prosta Street (Sosnowiec), 29-30, 50-51,249 224 Beatrice Street (Toronto), 180 Tzfat (Israel), 252 Ullmann, Mrs., 27,29,49 underground movements, xxi, 54, 78,99,116,230 United Jewish Peoples Order (Toronto), 188 United Nations, 248 United States, 235,265 University of Fürth, 164 University of Saskatchewan, 257 University of Toronto, 205-206,208 United Nations
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (unrra), xxvii-xxviii, 138-139, 162,164 Upper Silesia (Poland), xvi-xvii, xxi, 28 uprisings, 54,241. See aho Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Uziemblo, Antek, 148,149,150-152, 219,222,227-229 Uziemblo, Ruzia (aunt), xxiii, 25,
NATE LEIPCIGER 319 41,145,147-148,149֊152. 219. 221-222,227-229 Victory in Europe Day, 133 Vietnamese boat people, 217 Volksdeutsche (German national living outside Germany), 26,30, Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day), 255 Yom Hazikaron, 256 47.155 Waldlager camp, xxiv, xxvii, 126-128 Walesa, Lech, 239 110-112,113,114 Zaglembie district (Poland), xvixvii, xix, xxi Zionism, 251,258 Zionist youth groups, xxii, 19, 20, Warsaw (Poland), xix, 24,225,228, 239. 256 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 228,240, 247-248,256 Wawel castle (Krakow), 228-229 Waxman, Al, 186,194-196,198-199, 237 Waxman, Benny, 195-196,197-198, 199, 224 Waxman, Toby, 194-195,196,199, 210,216-217 Webber, Jonathan, 243-244 Weingarten, Grace (cousin), 180, 192-193 Weingarten, Paul (cousin), 180 Weingarten, Ralph (cousin), 180, 192-193 Weintraub, Sharon, 236 Weiss, Anchel, 163 Western Wall (Kotel), 256,257 white armbands, 35-36,40 Wiesel, Elie, 203,235,248 Winfield farm (Don Mills), 214-215 yellow star, 36, 88,105,146,265 yeshiva (Hebrew day school), 16, 225 Yom Haatzmaut, 252,256-257 Yom Kippur, 144,152-153.184, 222, 254 Zabramski, Dr., 77,89,108-109, 192.197 Zosia (aunt). See Balasinska, Zosia Zündel, Ernst, 240XXX |
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| author | Leipciger, Nathan 1928- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1223343693 |
| author_facet | Leipciger, Nathan 1928- |
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| author_sort | Leipciger, Nathan 1928- |
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| bvnumber | BV047060212 |
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| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1939-1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1939-1945 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:11:18Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:01:27Z |
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| spelling | Leipciger, Nathan 1928- Verfasser (DE-588)1223343693 aut The weight of freedom Nate Leipciger First edition [Toronto] The Azrieli Foundation [2015] xxix, 319 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, genealogische Tafeln txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Azrieli series of Holocaust survivor memoirs 7 Geschichte 1939-1945 gnd rswk-swf Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Leipciger, Nathan Jews / Poland / Chorzów (Województwo Śląskie) / Biography Child concentration camp inmates / Biography Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Personal narratives Holocaust survivors / Canada / Biography Child concentration camp inmates Holocaust survivors Jews Canada Poland / Chorzów (Województwo Śląskie) 1939-1945 Biographies Personal narratives (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 s Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 s Geschichte 1939-1945 z DE-604 The Azrieli Foundation (DE-588)1126585653 isb Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032467397&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032467397&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Leipciger, Nathan 1928- The weight of freedom Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 gnd |
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| title | The weight of freedom |
| title_auth | The weight of freedom |
| title_exact_search | The weight of freedom |
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| title_full | The weight of freedom Nate Leipciger |
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| title_short | The weight of freedom |
| title_sort | the weight of freedom |
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