Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: dům, jméno a identita
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Brno
Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury
2015
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| Ausgabe: | 1. vydání |
| Schriftenreihe: | Etnologická řada
svazek č. 9 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy DVD-Video mit dem Titel: Pastevci lahví |
| Beschreibung: | 261 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Pläne 21 cm DVD (12 cm ; 47 Min.) |
| ISBN: | 9788073253769 8073253763 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Овѕлн Į OBSAH 1. Úvod.5 Metodologie. 10 2. Karakaçanı v literatuře .19 Terminologický exkurz: „kočovnictví“ versus „transhumance“.19 Karakačani/Sarakačani/Crnovunci v textech německy hovořících etnograftı.20 Karakačani/Sarakačani a Vlaši v anglicky psané etnografii a antropologii.27 Karakaçanı v rusky psané etnografii. 37 Karakaçanı v bulharsky psané etnografii. 39 Karakačani/Sarakačani a Vlaši v české etnologii.42 Karakaçanı v jinojazyčných textech. 44 Výzkumy kočovných pastevců: kočovník jako romantický konstrukt. 48 3. Karakaçanı a jejich původ. 53 Kolik je Karakačanů?.60 4. Karakaçanı - modely subsistence v minulosti. 61 Kočovné pastevectví. 61
Sedentarizace. 67 5. Karakaçanı ֊ Současné modely subsistence.71 Usedlé pastevectví.71 Pracovní migrace.77 Podnikání. 83 6. Sezónní pracovní migrace Karakačanů do Řecka pod mikroskopem.91 Emigrace z Bulharska . 91 Imigrace do Řecka.94 Karakaçanı z pohledu řecké imigrační politiky. 96 Remitance. 107 259
Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita 260 7. Sociální organizace Karakačanů v průběhu přechodu od kočovného pastevectví к usedlému životu.113 Teoretická východiska pro studium domu. 114 Teoretická východiska pro studium „domu“.116 Smíšená perspektiva: „dům“ sociální a dům materiální.119 Kočovně pastevecké období.120 Obydlí kočovně pasteveckých Karakačanů. 120 Sociální organizace kočovné pastevecké skupiny.125 Období usedlého života.127 Materiální stránka karakačanského domu v době usedlého života. 127 Usedlý život: manželé a virilokální příbuzenská jednotka. 135 Usedlý život: manželky a dům. 138 Manželé a synové versus manželky a dcery. 143 8. Jména, přezdívky a strategie pojmenovávání u Karakačanů. 147 Jméno jako etnodiferenciační marker. 147 Analyzované prameny a zdroje.149 Jméno v bulharské tradici. 150 Křestní jména
.154 Vývoj strategií pojmenovávání. 161 Příjmení. 163 Jméno a patrilineární příbuzenská skupina.164 Jméno a dům .165 Proměny instituce kmotrovství a uzavírání karakačanského příbuzenského systému.167 9. Karakačanská religiozita a symbolický systém. 169 Teoretické opory. 169 Doma nebo mimo domov. 170 Koncept cti a její zakotvení v náboženské věrouce a praxi. 173 Příroda/kultura. 175 Krátký exkurz na začátek: osud jako výkladový rámec historie. 177
Obsah 10. Proměny karakačanské religiozity v doběusedlého života. 179 Etnografické a teoretické opory. 179 Karakaçanı a re-domestikace náboženství. 181 Integrační princip domu coby posvátného místa. 183 Chléb. 185 Posvátná místa. 188 Posvátné předměty. 189 Církevní obřadní cyklus a rituální praxe. 190 Individualizace.194 Sociální organizace: Dům, religiozita, jméno.196 11. Bulharští Karakaçanı a formování jejich identity v 21. století .199 Ekonomický kontext.200 Sociální kontext. 201 Karakaçanı jako etnická skupina. 203 „Nejčistší Rekové“ versus „špinaví Karakaçanı“. 204 Symboly karakačanské etnicky. 211 Amatérská obrozenecká činnost. 213 Chov karakačanského
psa. 216 Symbolické artefakty.218 Písně a tance. 222 12. Závěrem. 233 13. Seznam použité literatury a pramenů. 247 14. Seznam fotografií. 255 Summary.:. 257 261
13. Seznam použité literatury a pramenů 13. SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY A PRAMENŮ Agelopoulos, G. (2007) The Coca-Cola Kashkaval Network: Belonging and Business in the Postsocialist Balkans. Anthropology ofEast Europe Review 25 (1), 42-52. Antonijević, D. (1982) Obredi i običaji balkánských stočara. Beograd: Balkanološki institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnost. Albera, Por D. (1999) The Mediterranean as an Anthropological Laboratory, Anales de la Fun dación Joaquín Costa 16, 215—232. Arango, ]., Bonifazi, C., Finotelli, C., Peixoto, J., Sabino, C., Strozza, S., Triandafylíidou, A. (2009) The Making of an Immigration Model: Inflows, Impacts and Policies in Southern Europe. Idea Working Paper 9. Athanasiades, H.s, Mantzaridou, A., Marantzidis, N. (2007) Transnational Migrants’ Views on Multiple Citizenship in Greece. Multiple State Membership and Citizenship in the Era of Transnational Migration. Pitkänen P., Kalekin-Fishman D. (eds.). Rotterdam: Sense, 117-35· Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2004) Immigration into Greece, 1990-2003: A Southern European Para digmԼ http://aei.pitt.edu/1078/l/UNECE_paperV3-l.pdf. Baldwin-Edwards, M., Kyriakou, G., Kakalika, P., Katsios, G. (2004) Statistical Data on Immi grants in Greece. Atény: Panteion university. Batakov, G. (2004) Deca na Sirako. Sliven: Obnova. Baumann, G. (1992) Ritual Implicates „Others“: Rereading Durkheim in a Plural Society. UnderstandingRituaL·, De Coppet, D. (ed.), Routledge, 97-116. Benovska-Sabkova, M. (2001) Statusni roli, vlast i cennosti v semejstvoto. Balgarska etnologija 2, 7-25. Bialor, P. A. (1967) What’s In a
Name? Aspects of the Social Organization of a Greek Farming Community Related to Naming Customs. Essays in Balkan Ethnology (1), 95-108. Birdwell-Pheasant, D., Lawrence-Zúñiga, D. (1998). House Life: Space, PUce and family in Europe. Berg. Boas, F. ( 1895) Indianische Sagen von der nord-pacifischen Küste Amerikas. A. Asher Company. Boas, F. (1897) The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians. US Government Printing Office. Boas, F. (1920) The Social Organization of the Kwakiutl. American Anthropologist22(2), 111-126. Bočková, H. (2005) Vlaši na Balkáně: Geneze, historie a kultura minority, příspěvek к otázce etnokulturni tradice. Ethnologia Europae Centralis 7, 73-90. Bonn, J. A. (1990) Balinese Twins Times Two: Gender, Birth Order, and „Household“ in Indonesia/IndoEurope. In Power and Difference: Gender in Island Southeast Asia. Atkinson, J. M., Errington, S. (eds.), Stanford University Press. Bourdieu,P. (2007) [1979]. The Berber House. In The Anthropology ofSpace and PUce: Locating Culture. Low, S. M.; Lawrence-Zúñiga, D. (eds.) Oxford: Blackwell. Bradatan, C. (2003). Cuisine and Cultural Identity in Balkans. Anthropohgy of East Europe Review, 2Д1), 43-47. Braudel, E (1995) [1949] The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age ofPhilip IL (1. díl). University of California Press. Budilova, L. J. (2011) Dědická praxe, sňatkové strategie a pojmenovávám и bulharských Čechů v letech 1900-1950. Brno: CDK. 247
248 Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita Buchanan, D. A. (ed.). (2007). Balkan Popular Culture and the Ottoman Ecumene: Music, Image, and Regional Political Discourse. Scarecrow Press. Cairns, S. (ed.). (2003) Drifting-Architecture andMigrancy. Routledge. Campbell, J. K. (1964) Honour, Family and Patronage. Oxford: Clarendon press. Campbell, J. K. (1970) Honour and the Devil. In Honour and Shame: The Values ofMediterra nean Society, Peristiani J. G. (ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 112-175. Campbell, J. K. (2002) The Sarakatsani and the Klephtic Tradition. In Minorities in Greece. Aspects ofa Plural Society, Clogg, R. (ed.) London: Hurst and Company 165-78. Carbonell, E. (2010) „Exactly What I Had Been Looking For“: The Anthropology Of The Mediterranean 1950-1970. (Con)Textos: Revista D’antropologia IInvestigació Social 4, 5—22. Carsten, J., Hugh-Jones, S. (eds). (1995) About the House. Lévi-Strauss and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carsten, J. (1997) The Heat ofthe Hearth: the Process ofKinship in a Malay Fishing Community. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Carsten, J. (2004) After Kinship. Cambridge University Press. Cieraad, I. (Ed.). (2006) At Home: an Anthropology ofDomestic Space. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Clendenin, D. B. (2003) Eastern Orthodox Christianity: a Western Perspective, Michigan: Baker Academic. Cohen, A. C. ( 1969) Politics in Urban Africa: A Study ofHausa Migrants in Yoruba Towns. Ber keley: University of California Press. Cohen, A. C. (1974) Two-Dimensional Man: An Essay on the Anthropology
ofPower and Symbo lism in Complex Society. Berkley: University of California Press. Cowan, J. K. (1990) Dance and the Body Politic in northern Greece. Princeton University Press. Creed, G. W. (2002) Economic Crisis and Ritual Decline in Eastern Europe. In Postsocialism: Ideák, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia. Hanh C. M. (ed.), Routledge. Cvijić, J. ( 1987) Antropogeografski i etnografiki spisy. Beograd: Srpska akademia nauka i umetnost. Caušis, V. G. (2007) Album na Karakačanite. Seres. Dalakoglou, D. (2010) Migrating-remittmg-‘building’-dwellmg: House-making as ‘Proxy’ Pre sence in Postsocialist Albania. Journal ofthe Royal Anthropological Institute 16 (4), 761—777. Dewalt, M. et al. (1998) Participant Observation, In Handbook ofMethods in Cultural Anthro pology, Bernard H. R. (ed.), Altamira Press, 259-299. Diamanti-Karanou, P. (2003) Migration of Ethnic Greeks from the Former Soviet Union to Greece, 1990-2000: Policy Decisions and Implications. Southeast European and BUck Sea Studies 3 (I), 25-45. Douglas, M. (2001) [1966] Purity and Danger. London and NY: Routledge. Dragandze, T. (1993) The Domestication of Religion under Soviet Communism. In Socialism. Ideák, Ideologies, and Local Practise, Hann, C. M. (ed.), London, Routledge. Du Boulay, J. (1974) Portrait ofa Greek Mountain VilUge. London: Clarendon Press DuBoulayJ. (1991) Cosmos and Gender in Village Greece. In ContestedIdentities: Gender andKinship in Modem Greece, Loizos P, Papataxiarchis E. (eds.), Princeton: Princeton university press, 47-78. Dubish, J. ( 1995) In a Different Place: Pilgrimage, Gender,
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13. Seznam použité literatury a pramenů Eriksen, T. H. (2011) Etnicita a nacionalismus: Antropologické perspektivy, Praha: Slon. Fatková, G. (2011a) Karakaçanı v Bulharsku-pastevecká historie. Lidé města 13 (1), 51—72. Fatková, G. (2011b) Bulharští Karakaçanı dnes. Lidé města 13(3), 467-490. Fatková, G. (2011c) Jedna opomenutá kapitola ekonomické migrace mezi Buharskem a Řec kem: Bulharští Karakaçanı ve spleti řeckého nacionalismu. In Balkán a migrace: Na křižovatce antropologických perspektiv, Budilová, L. a kol. Praha: Antropoweb. Fatková, G. (2012) „Paní učitelko, my nejsme plémě, my jsme národ“: Formovaní etnických identit nedávno ještě kočovných Karakačanů. In Balkán a nacionalismus: Labyrintem nacionální ideologie, Fatková, G. a kol. Brno: Porta Balkanka, 79—103. Fatková, G. (2013) Karakacanskápoezie 21. století: Velika Chatova, Brno: Porta Balkánica. Fatková, G.; Kastelova I. (2014) Spomeni ot Magližkijat manastir i Bălgarskite Čech it Novi Přerov, ili oste edin pogled kám češko-bálgarskite vzaimootnošenija. Homo Bohemicus 3-4. Fermor, P. L. (1966) Roumeli: Traveե in Northern Greece. London: Murray. Frejdenberg, M. M. (1979) Problema otgonnogo skotovodstva v sovremenoj balkanistike. Etničeskaja istorija vostocnych romanceo: Drevnost i średnie veka. Moskva: Nauka, 204-216. Friedl, E. (1962) Vasikka: A Village in Modern Greece. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Gans, H. J. (1979) Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America, Ethnic and Racial Studies 2, 1-20. Gellner, Ernest (1988) State and Society in Soviet Thought. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell. Georgieva, Ganka (2000) Karakaçanı. Gomo Sachrane: 21-vi vek. Gillespie, S. D. (2000) Beyond Kinship. An Introduction, In Beyond Kinship. Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies. Joyce R. A., Gillespie, S. D. (eds), Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1-21. Gillespie, S. D. (2005) When is a House?, In The Durable House: House Society Modeh inArchaeology, Beck, R. (cd.). Carbondale: Center for Archaeological Investigations, 25—50. Grāf, R. R. (2007) Zigeunerpaläste. Die Architektur der Roma in Rumänien. Cluj-Napoca: Zent rum für Siebenbürgische Studien. Gruev, M., Kalionski, A. (2008) Väzroditelnijatproces: Mjusljumanskite obstnosti і komunisticeskijat režim, Sofìa: Institut za izsledvane na blizkoto minalo. Guboglo, M. (1966) K voprosu o proizchoždenii Karakaçan. Sovetskaja etnografija (4), 164-176. Guentcheva, R., Kabakchieva, P, Kolarski, P. (2003) Sharing Experience: Migration Trends in Selected Applicant Countries and Lessons from the „New Countries of Immigration1 in the EU and Austria: VOLUME ¡-Bulgaria. http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/MigrationT- rends_EU_l.pdf. Halpern, J. M., Halpern, B. K. (1958) A Serbian VilUge in Historical Perspective. Waveland Press Inc. Halpern, ]. M., Kideckel, D. A. (Eds.). (2000) Neighbors at War: Anthropological Perspectives on YugosUv Ethnicity, Culture, and History. Penn State Press. Handelman, D. (1977) The Organization of Ethnicity. Ethnic Groups 1 (3), 187-200. Hann, C. M. (Ed.). (2004) Socialism: Ideak, Ideologes, and Local Practice. Routledge. Hann, C. M., Goltz, H. (eds.). (2010)
Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hastrup, К. (1978) The Semantics of Biology: Virginity. In Defining females: The Nature of Women in Society, Ardener, S. (ed.). London: Croom Helm, 49-65. Hatziprokopiou, P. A. (2006) Globalisation, Migration and Socio-Economic Change in Contem porary Greece: Processes of Social Incorporation of Balkan Immigants in Thessaloniki. Leiden University Press. 249
250 Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita Henig, D. (2011) The Embers ofAllah: Cosmologies, Knowledge and Rehtions in the Mountains of Central Bosnia, Durham theses, Durham University, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/915/. Herzfeld, M. (1987) Anthropology through the Looking-glass: Critical Ethnography in the Margins ofEurope. Cambridge University Press. Hirschon, R. (1978) Open Body/Closed Space: The Transformation of Female Sexuality. In Ardener, S. (ed.) Defining Females, London, Croom Helm. Hirschon, R., Gold, J. (1982) Territoriality and the Home Environment in an Urban Greek Locality. Anthropological Quarterly, 55 (2), 63-73. Hirschon, R. (1985) The Woman-Environment Relationship: Greek Cultural Values in an Urban Community, Women and Space in Human Settlements (special issue), Ekistics, 52 (310), 15-21. Hirschon, R. (1989) Heirs Of The Greek Catastrophe: The Social Life ofAsia Minor Refugees in Piraeus. Oxford: Berghahn Books. Hirschon, R. (1997) [1993] Essential Objects and the Sacred: Interior and Exterior Space in an Urban Greek Locality. In Women and Space, Ardener, S. (ed.), Oxford: Berg, 70-86. Hirschon, R. (2008) Bourdieu in Olymbos: The Symbolic Character ofthe Karpathiko Ноше (ma nuscript), https://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/fìleadmin/images/staff/Associates/30~Bourdieu.pdf. Hirschon, R. (2010) Indigenous Persons and Imported Individuals: Changing Paradigms of Per sonal Identity in Contemporary Greece. In Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective. Hann, С. M., Goltz, H. (Eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press. Hirt, T (2007) Přehled
nejasností spjatých s konceptem emicity v perspektivě postbarthovských přístupu. Antropowebzin 2—3, 86-93. Høeg, C. (1925) Les Saracatsans. Etude linguistique. Paris a Copenhagen. Holland, H. (1819) Travehin the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia etc. During the Years 1812 and 1813. (Vol. L a II.) London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Hristov, P. (2008) Trans-border Exchange of Seasonal Workers in the Central Regions of the Balkans (19th֊20th century). Ethnologia Balkanka (12), 215-230. Hristov, P. (2012) Gurbet i identičnost (po materiali ot Zapadna Bălgarija, Iztočna Sărbija і Zapadna Makedonija). Sociologičeskiproblemi (1-2), 186-202. Hughes, R. (2006) Transnational Homes. In Home, Home, Blunt, A., Dowling, R. (eds.). Oxon: Routledge. Husserl, E. (1996) [1972] Krize evropských vëd a transcendentálnifenomenologie: úvod do fenome nologickéfilozofie. Praha: Akademia. Charalambos, K. (2009) From Enthusiasm to Perplexity and Scepticism: International Migrants in the Rural Regions of Greece and Southern Europe. In International Migration and Rural Areas, Jentsch B., Simard M. (eds.). Farnham: Ashgate. Chatzimichali, A. (1957) Sarakatsanoi. Athens. Christov, P. (2010) „Returning“ Religiousness and New Local Identities on the Balkans. Etnolosko-antropološke sveske 15 (4), 95—104. Ingold, T (1980) Hunters, Pastoralists and Ranchers: Reindeer Economies and their Transformati ons. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Ingold, T. (1986) The Appropriation of Nature, Essays on Human Ecology and Social Relations. Manchester: Manchaster University Press.
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Summary SUMMARY The Karakachans, Former nomadic shepherds, live in Bulgaria and Greece. Those in Bulgaria were forced to settle during the collectivization process in the late 1950's. This study focuses on the changes in social organization, subsistence, and identities within this broad socio-economic transformation. Bulgarian Karakachans are now integrated on the basis of their perceived common former subsistence (mobile pastoralism) and self-perceived exclusivity, which they formulate in terms of language, eth nic and religious “purity”. Awareness of their otherness (in some contexts even superiority) remains among the younger generations apart from their loss of the Karakachan dialect and specific form of subsistence. A declining interest in official ethnic organizations in the last few years is occurring while there is a growing concern about ethnicity as categorization and identity. Group belonging is displayed on the level of symbolic mem ory i.e. literature, home-museums, Karakachan dog breeding, and simply gathering artifacts symbolizing the pastoral past. After sedentarization they were mainly employed in livestock breed ing, as parts of collective farms, or as non-qualified factory workers. After 1989 Karakachans started to seek seasonal work in Greece and were able to establish their own enterprises in Bulgaria with remittances. 2008 was a turn in prosperous development for various Karakachan owned businesses in Bulgaria and also in continuity of seasonal work in Greece. During last few years they flexibly float between migration and small business op
portunities to overcome the economic recession. Since Bulgaria’s entrance into the EU in 2007 a small part of Karakachan families returned to milk pastoralism (although to its sedentary form) and used European subsidies as major financial support. As mobile shepherds Karakachans lived in pastoral units formed only for one pasturing season, today they live in stable houses and form en clave neighborhoods linked by kin relationships. The basic corporate unit for them is the “house”. “House” functions as the driving social unit of the dwellers and also as a material structure. “Houses” perform as actors and localize in the vicinity of or next to kin-related “houses” (prefer ably in patrilineage). Neighboring “houses” form informal cooperation between neighbors (komšilāk), in which things, words, work, and space 257
258 Į Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita is exchanged or shared. The core of komHlãk represents usually a group of brothers. Karakachan society is held together by binds among siblings, binds between father and son, and binds connecting grandchildren with grandparents through the sharing of first names. “House” is bound by the names, which circulate inside its walls and interlaces the generations of dwellers. As mobile pastoralists Karakachans used the name as a medium for creation of links within the social world “outside the house”. Today the practice of giving names according to grandparents from “inside the house” is prevalent. Unmarried daughters are considered as temporary dwellers in the “house” and therefore the bonds are not as developed with immediate family as their male siblings. Strong family ties occur upon the arrival to her new husbands “house”. While men are usually oriented towards the sibling-neighbor group, women on the contrary gravitate towards the dwellers of their “houses” (in-laws and offspring). They defend the interests of their “house” over all other priorities, holding the “house” together and integrating it's dwellers. |
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Овѕлн Į OBSAH 1. Úvod.5 Metodologie. 10 2. Karakaçanı v literatuře .19 Terminologický exkurz: „kočovnictví“ versus „transhumance“.19 Karakačani/Sarakačani/Crnovunci v textech německy hovořících etnograftı.20 Karakačani/Sarakačani a Vlaši v anglicky psané etnografii a antropologii.27 Karakaçanı v rusky psané etnografii. 37 Karakaçanı v bulharsky psané etnografii. 39 Karakačani/Sarakačani a Vlaši v české etnologii.42 Karakaçanı v jinojazyčných textech. 44 Výzkumy kočovných pastevců: kočovník jako romantický konstrukt. 48 3. Karakaçanı a jejich původ. 53 Kolik je Karakačanů?.60 4. Karakaçanı - modely subsistence v minulosti. 61 Kočovné pastevectví. 61
Sedentarizace. 67 5. Karakaçanı ֊ Současné modely subsistence.71 Usedlé pastevectví.71 Pracovní migrace.77 Podnikání. 83 6. Sezónní pracovní migrace Karakačanů do Řecka pod mikroskopem.91 Emigrace z Bulharska . 91 Imigrace do Řecka.94 Karakaçanı z pohledu řecké imigrační politiky. 96 Remitance. 107 259
Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita 260 7. Sociální organizace Karakačanů v průběhu přechodu od kočovného pastevectví к usedlému životu.113 Teoretická východiska pro studium domu. 114 Teoretická východiska pro studium „domu“.116 Smíšená perspektiva: „dům“ sociální a dům materiální.119 Kočovně pastevecké období.120 Obydlí kočovně pasteveckých Karakačanů. 120 Sociální organizace kočovné pastevecké skupiny.125 Období usedlého života.127 Materiální stránka karakačanského domu v době usedlého života. 127 Usedlý život: manželé a virilokální příbuzenská jednotka. 135 Usedlý život: manželky a dům. 138 Manželé a synové versus manželky a dcery. 143 8. Jména, přezdívky a strategie pojmenovávání u Karakačanů. 147 Jméno jako etnodiferenciační marker. 147 Analyzované prameny a zdroje.149 Jméno v bulharské tradici. 150 Křestní jména
.154 Vývoj strategií pojmenovávání. 161 Příjmení. 163 Jméno a patrilineární příbuzenská skupina.164 Jméno a dům .165 Proměny instituce kmotrovství a uzavírání karakačanského příbuzenského systému.167 9. Karakačanská religiozita a symbolický systém. 169 Teoretické opory. 169 Doma nebo mimo domov. 170 Koncept cti a její zakotvení v náboženské věrouce a praxi. 173 Příroda/kultura. 175 Krátký exkurz na začátek: osud jako výkladový rámec historie. 177
Obsah 10. Proměny karakačanské religiozity v doběusedlého života. 179 Etnografické a teoretické opory. 179 Karakaçanı a re-domestikace náboženství. 181 Integrační princip domu coby posvátného místa. 183 Chléb. 185 Posvátná místa. 188 Posvátné předměty. 189 Církevní obřadní cyklus a rituální praxe. 190 Individualizace.194 Sociální organizace: Dům, religiozita, jméno.196 11. Bulharští Karakaçanı a formování jejich identity v 21. století .199 Ekonomický kontext.200 Sociální kontext. 201 Karakaçanı jako etnická skupina. 203 „Nejčistší Rekové“ versus „špinaví Karakaçanı“. 204 Symboly karakačanské etnicky. 211 Amatérská obrozenecká činnost. 213 Chov karakačanského
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248 Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita Buchanan, D. A. (ed.). (2007). Balkan Popular Culture and the Ottoman Ecumene: Music, Image, and Regional Political Discourse. Scarecrow Press. Cairns, S. (ed.). (2003) Drifting-Architecture andMigrancy. Routledge. Campbell, J. K. (1964) Honour, Family and Patronage. Oxford: Clarendon press. Campbell, J. K. (1970) Honour and the Devil. In Honour and Shame: The Values ofMediterra nean Society, Peristiani J. G. (ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 112-175. Campbell, J. K. (2002) The Sarakatsani and the Klephtic Tradition. In Minorities in Greece. Aspects ofa Plural Society, Clogg, R. (ed.) London: Hurst and Company 165-78. Carbonell, E. (2010) „Exactly What I Had Been Looking For“: The Anthropology Of The Mediterranean 1950-1970. (Con)Textos: Revista D’antropologia IInvestigació Social 4, 5—22. Carsten, J., Hugh-Jones, S. (eds). (1995) About the House. Lévi-Strauss and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carsten, J. (1997) The Heat ofthe Hearth: the Process ofKinship in a Malay Fishing Community. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Carsten, J. (2004) After Kinship. Cambridge University Press. Cieraad, I. (Ed.). (2006) At Home: an Anthropology ofDomestic Space. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Clendenin, D. B. (2003) Eastern Orthodox Christianity: a Western Perspective, Michigan: Baker Academic. Cohen, A. C. ( 1969) Politics in Urban Africa: A Study ofHausa Migrants in Yoruba Towns. Ber keley: University of California Press. Cohen, A. C. (1974) Two-Dimensional Man: An Essay on the Anthropology
ofPower and Symbo lism in Complex Society. Berkley: University of California Press. Cowan, J. K. (1990) Dance and the Body Politic in northern Greece. Princeton University Press. Creed, G. W. (2002) Economic Crisis and Ritual Decline in Eastern Europe. In Postsocialism: Ideák, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia. Hanh C. M. (ed.), Routledge. Cvijić, J. ( 1987) Antropogeografski i etnografiki spisy. Beograd: Srpska akademia nauka i umetnost. Caušis, V. G. (2007) Album na Karakačanite. Seres. Dalakoglou, D. (2010) Migrating-remittmg-‘building’-dwellmg: House-making as ‘Proxy’ Pre sence in Postsocialist Albania. Journal ofthe Royal Anthropological Institute 16 (4), 761—777. Dewalt, M. et al. (1998) Participant Observation, In Handbook ofMethods in Cultural Anthro pology, Bernard H. R. (ed.), Altamira Press, 259-299. Diamanti-Karanou, P. (2003) Migration of Ethnic Greeks from the Former Soviet Union to Greece, 1990-2000: Policy Decisions and Implications. Southeast European and BUck Sea Studies 3 (I), 25-45. Douglas, M. (2001) [1966] Purity and Danger. London and NY: Routledge. Dragandze, T. (1993) The Domestication of Religion under Soviet Communism. In Socialism. Ideák, Ideologies, and Local Practise, Hann, C. M. (ed.), London, Routledge. Du Boulay, J. (1974) Portrait ofa Greek Mountain VilUge. London: Clarendon Press DuBoulayJ. (1991) Cosmos and Gender in Village Greece. In ContestedIdentities: Gender andKinship in Modem Greece, Loizos P, Papataxiarchis E. (eds.), Princeton: Princeton university press, 47-78. Dubish, J. ( 1995) In a Different Place: Pilgrimage, Gender,
and Politics at a Greek Isknd Shrine. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Eliade, M. (2006) [1957]. Posvátné a profánní. Praha: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ. Eminov, A. (1997) Turkish and Other Muslim Minorities in Bulgaria. London: C. Hurst Co. Epstein, A. L. (2009) [1978] Ethos and Identity: Three Studies in Ethnicity, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
13. Seznam použité literatury a pramenů Eriksen, T. H. (2011) Etnicita a nacionalismus: Antropologické perspektivy, Praha: Slon. Fatková, G. (2011a) Karakaçanı v Bulharsku-pastevecká historie. Lidé města 13 (1), 51—72. Fatková, G. (2011b) Bulharští Karakaçanı dnes. Lidé města 13(3), 467-490. Fatková, G. (2011c) Jedna opomenutá kapitola ekonomické migrace mezi Buharskem a Řec kem: Bulharští Karakaçanı ve spleti řeckého nacionalismu. In Balkán a migrace: Na křižovatce antropologických perspektiv, Budilová, L. a kol. Praha: Antropoweb. Fatková, G. (2012) „Paní učitelko, my nejsme plémě, my jsme národ“: Formovaní etnických identit nedávno ještě kočovných Karakačanů. In Balkán a nacionalismus: Labyrintem nacionální ideologie, Fatková, G. a kol. Brno: Porta Balkanka, 79—103. Fatková, G. (2013) Karakacanskápoezie 21. století: Velika Chatova, Brno: Porta Balkánica. Fatková, G.; Kastelova I. (2014) Spomeni ot Magližkijat manastir i Bălgarskite Čech it Novi Přerov, ili oste edin pogled kám češko-bálgarskite vzaimootnošenija. Homo Bohemicus 3-4. Fermor, P. L. (1966) Roumeli: Traveե in Northern Greece. London: Murray. Frejdenberg, M. M. (1979) Problema otgonnogo skotovodstva v sovremenoj balkanistike. Etničeskaja istorija vostocnych romanceo: Drevnost i średnie veka. Moskva: Nauka, 204-216. Friedl, E. (1962) Vasikka: A Village in Modern Greece. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Gans, H. J. (1979) Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America, Ethnic and Racial Studies 2, 1-20. Gellner, Ernest (1988) State and Society in Soviet Thought. Oxford: Basil
Blackwell. Georgieva, Ganka (2000) Karakaçanı. Gomo Sachrane: 21-vi vek. Gillespie, S. D. (2000) Beyond Kinship. An Introduction, In Beyond Kinship. Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies. Joyce R. A., Gillespie, S. D. (eds), Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1-21. Gillespie, S. D. (2005) When is a House?, In The Durable House: House Society Modeh inArchaeology, Beck, R. (cd.). Carbondale: Center for Archaeological Investigations, 25—50. Grāf, R. R. (2007) Zigeunerpaläste. Die Architektur der Roma in Rumänien. Cluj-Napoca: Zent rum für Siebenbürgische Studien. Gruev, M., Kalionski, A. (2008) Väzroditelnijatproces: Mjusljumanskite obstnosti і komunisticeskijat režim, Sofìa: Institut za izsledvane na blizkoto minalo. Guboglo, M. (1966) K voprosu o proizchoždenii Karakaçan. Sovetskaja etnografija (4), 164-176. Guentcheva, R., Kabakchieva, P, Kolarski, P. (2003) Sharing Experience: Migration Trends in Selected Applicant Countries and Lessons from the „New Countries of Immigration1 in the EU and Austria: VOLUME ¡-Bulgaria. http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/MigrationT- rends_EU_l.pdf. Halpern, J. M., Halpern, B. K. (1958) A Serbian VilUge in Historical Perspective. Waveland Press Inc. Halpern, ]. M., Kideckel, D. A. (Eds.). (2000) Neighbors at War: Anthropological Perspectives on YugosUv Ethnicity, Culture, and History. Penn State Press. Handelman, D. (1977) The Organization of Ethnicity. Ethnic Groups 1 (3), 187-200. Hann, C. M. (Ed.). (2004) Socialism: Ideak, Ideologes, and Local Practice. Routledge. Hann, C. M., Goltz, H. (eds.). (2010)
Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hastrup, К. (1978) The Semantics of Biology: Virginity. In Defining females: The Nature of Women in Society, Ardener, S. (ed.). London: Croom Helm, 49-65. Hatziprokopiou, P. A. (2006) Globalisation, Migration and Socio-Economic Change in Contem porary Greece: Processes of Social Incorporation of Balkan Immigants in Thessaloniki. Leiden University Press. 249
250 Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita Henig, D. (2011) The Embers ofAllah: Cosmologies, Knowledge and Rehtions in the Mountains of Central Bosnia, Durham theses, Durham University, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/915/. Herzfeld, M. (1987) Anthropology through the Looking-glass: Critical Ethnography in the Margins ofEurope. Cambridge University Press. Hirschon, R. (1978) Open Body/Closed Space: The Transformation of Female Sexuality. In Ardener, S. (ed.) Defining Females, London, Croom Helm. Hirschon, R., Gold, J. (1982) Territoriality and the Home Environment in an Urban Greek Locality. Anthropological Quarterly, 55 (2), 63-73. Hirschon, R. (1985) The Woman-Environment Relationship: Greek Cultural Values in an Urban Community, Women and Space in Human Settlements (special issue), Ekistics, 52 (310), 15-21. Hirschon, R. (1989) Heirs Of The Greek Catastrophe: The Social Life ofAsia Minor Refugees in Piraeus. Oxford: Berghahn Books. Hirschon, R. (1997) [1993] Essential Objects and the Sacred: Interior and Exterior Space in an Urban Greek Locality. In Women and Space, Ardener, S. (ed.), Oxford: Berg, 70-86. Hirschon, R. (2008) Bourdieu in Olymbos: The Symbolic Character ofthe Karpathiko Ноше (ma nuscript), https://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/fìleadmin/images/staff/Associates/30~Bourdieu.pdf. Hirschon, R. (2010) Indigenous Persons and Imported Individuals: Changing Paradigms of Per sonal Identity in Contemporary Greece. In Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective. Hann, С. M., Goltz, H. (Eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press. Hirt, T (2007) Přehled
nejasností spjatých s konceptem emicity v perspektivě postbarthovských přístupu. Antropowebzin 2—3, 86-93. Høeg, C. (1925) Les Saracatsans. Etude linguistique. Paris a Copenhagen. Holland, H. (1819) Travehin the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia etc. During the Years 1812 and 1813. (Vol. L a II.) London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Hristov, P. (2008) Trans-border Exchange of Seasonal Workers in the Central Regions of the Balkans (19th֊20th century). Ethnologia Balkanka (12), 215-230. Hristov, P. (2012) Gurbet i identičnost (po materiali ot Zapadna Bălgarija, Iztočna Sărbija і Zapadna Makedonija). Sociologičeskiproblemi (1-2), 186-202. Hughes, R. (2006) Transnational Homes. In Home, Home, Blunt, A., Dowling, R. (eds.). Oxon: Routledge. Husserl, E. (1996) [1972] Krize evropských vëd a transcendentálnifenomenologie: úvod do fenome nologickéfilozofie. Praha: Akademia. Charalambos, K. (2009) From Enthusiasm to Perplexity and Scepticism: International Migrants in the Rural Regions of Greece and Southern Europe. In International Migration and Rural Areas, Jentsch B., Simard M. (eds.). Farnham: Ashgate. Chatzimichali, A. (1957) Sarakatsanoi. Athens. Christov, P. (2010) „Returning“ Religiousness and New Local Identities on the Balkans. Etnolosko-antropološke sveske 15 (4), 95—104. Ingold, T (1980) Hunters, Pastoralists and Ranchers: Reindeer Economies and their Transformati ons. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. Ingold, T. (1986) The Appropriation of Nature, Essays on Human Ecology and Social Relations. Manchester: Manchaster University Press.
Ingold, T. (2000) The Perception of the Environment: Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London and New York: Psychology Press. Ivanov, A. (2013) Karakacanite v Samokov. Samokov: Prijatel. Ivanova, A. (2001) Kam folklornijat portret na karakacanite. In Mnogosvetie: Iz kulturata na malcínstvata v Bălgarija, Mustafcieva, V. (ed.) Sofìa: IMIR, 121-133.
13. Seznam použité literatury a pramenů Ivanova, M. (2013) Tradicionno krávno rodstvo i svatovstvo v sistemata na bălgarskite rodstveni otnošenija. Bălgarska etnologija 3: 321-335. Jireček, К. (1888) Cesty po Bulharsku. Praha: Matice Česká. Jordanova, L. J. (1980) Natural Facts: a Historical Perspective on Science and Sexuality. In Nature, Culture and Gender, MacCormack C., Strathern M. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 42—69. Joyce, R. A., Gillespie, S. D. (eds.). (2000) Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Kadlec, K. (1916) Valaši a valašsképrávo v zemích slovanských a uherských: S úvodem podávajícím přehled theorií o vzniku rumunského národa. Praha: Česká Akademie Císaře Františka Josefa. Kahl, T. (2007) Hirten in Kontakt: Sprach-und Kulturwandel ehemaliger Wanderhirten (Albanisch, Aromunisch, Griechisch). Wien, Münster: Lit Verlag. Kahl, T. (2002) The Ethnicity ofAromanians after 1990: the Identity ofa Minority chat Behaves like a Majority. Ethnologia Balkanka 6, 145-170. Kalionski, A. (2001) Where the Souls Rest. Sofia: National Ethnographic Institute and Museum. Kalionski, A. (2007a) Jurucite. Sofia: Prosveta. Kalionski, A. (2007b) How to be Karakachan in Bulgaria? G4S Sofia Working Paper Series 1,1—22. Kaneff, D. (2006) Who Owns the Pastí: The Politics ofiTime in a'modd'Bulgarian Village (Voi. 21). Berghahn Books. Kanitz, E P. (1909) Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk: von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegen wart. Leipzig: Bernard Meyer. Karakasidou, A. N. (2009) Fields
ofWheat, Hüls ofBlood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Mace donia, 1870-1990. University of Chicago Press. Karamichova, M. (2003) Da živeeš tam, da se sãnuval tuk: emigracionni procesi v načaloto na XXI vek. Meždunaroden Centar za Izsledvane na Makinstvata i Kulturnite Vzaimodejstvija. Kaser, K. (ed.) (2012) Household and Family in the Balkans: Two Decades of Historical Family Research at University of Graz. LIT Verlag Münster. Katsavounidou, G., Кошті, P. (2008) Homogeneis Migrants from the Former Soviet Union in Thessaloniki and the Transformation of the Western Quarters of the City. Ethnicity and Migration A Greek Story. Special Issue ofMigrarne 30, 61-70. Kawadias, G. V. (1965) Pasteurs-nomades méditerranéens: ետ Saracatsans de Grèce. Paris: Gauthier֊Villars. Keramida, F. ( 1999) The Way to the Homeland: A Repatriated Migrant’s Life Story. Oral History 27 (1), 75-85. Kerewsky-Halpern, B. (1985). Trust, Talk and Touch in Balkan Folk Healing. Social Science Medicine21(3), 319-325. Khazanov, A. M. (1984) Nomads and the Outside World. University of Wisconsin Press. King, R. (2000) Southern Europe in the Changing Gbbal Map of Migration. In Eldorado or Fortress: Migration in Southern Europe, King, R., Lazaridis, G., Tsardanidčs, C. G. (eds.). St. Martin’s Press. 1-26. Konsta, A. M., Lazaridis, G. (2010) Civic Stratification,„Plastic“ citizenship and „Plastic Subjec tivities“ in Greek Immigration Policy. Journal ofInternational Migration and Integration, 1-18. Koraijuk, V. D. (1976) Voprosi etnogeneza i etnićeskoj istorii skvjan i vostočnych romancev: meto dologija i
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Summary SUMMARY The Karakachans, Former nomadic shepherds, live in Bulgaria and Greece. Those in Bulgaria were forced to settle during the collectivization process in the late 1950's. This study focuses on the changes in social organization, subsistence, and identities within this broad socio-economic transformation. Bulgarian Karakachans are now integrated on the basis of their perceived common former subsistence (mobile pastoralism) and self-perceived exclusivity, which they formulate in terms of language, eth nic and religious “purity”. Awareness of their otherness (in some contexts even superiority) remains among the younger generations apart from their loss of the Karakachan dialect and specific form of subsistence. A declining interest in official ethnic organizations in the last few years is occurring while there is a growing concern about ethnicity as categorization and identity. Group belonging is displayed on the level of symbolic mem ory i.e. literature, home-museums, Karakachan dog breeding, and simply gathering artifacts symbolizing the pastoral past. After sedentarization they were mainly employed in livestock breed ing, as parts of collective farms, or as non-qualified factory workers. After 1989 Karakachans started to seek seasonal work in Greece and were able to establish their own enterprises in Bulgaria with remittances. 2008 was a turn in prosperous development for various Karakachan owned businesses in Bulgaria and also in continuity of seasonal work in Greece. During last few years they flexibly float between migration and small business op
portunities to overcome the economic recession. Since Bulgaria’s entrance into the EU in 2007 a small part of Karakachan families returned to milk pastoralism (although to its sedentary form) and used European subsidies as major financial support. As mobile shepherds Karakachans lived in pastoral units formed only for one pasturing season, today they live in stable houses and form en clave neighborhoods linked by kin relationships. The basic corporate unit for them is the “house”. “House” functions as the driving social unit of the dwellers and also as a material structure. “Houses” perform as actors and localize in the vicinity of or next to kin-related “houses” (prefer ably in patrilineage). Neighboring “houses” form informal cooperation between neighbors (komšilāk), in which things, words, work, and space 257
258 Į Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život: Dům, jméno a identita is exchanged or shared. The core of komHlãk represents usually a group of brothers. Karakachan society is held together by binds among siblings, binds between father and son, and binds connecting grandchildren with grandparents through the sharing of first names. “House” is bound by the names, which circulate inside its walls and interlaces the generations of dwellers. As mobile pastoralists Karakachans used the name as a medium for creation of links within the social world “outside the house”. Today the practice of giving names according to grandparents from “inside the house” is prevalent. Unmarried daughters are considered as temporary dwellers in the “house” and therefore the bonds are not as developed with immediate family as their male siblings. Strong family ties occur upon the arrival to her new husbands “house”. While men are usually oriented towards the sibling-neighbor group, women on the contrary gravitate towards the dwellers of their “houses” (in-laws and offspring). They defend the interests of their “house” over all other priorities, holding the “house” together and integrating it's dwellers. |
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| spelling | Fatková, Gabriela 1985- Verfasser (DE-588)120620205X aut Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita Gabriela Fatková Pastevci lahví 1. vydání Brno Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury 2015 261 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Pläne 21 cm DVD (12 cm ; 47 Min.) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Etnologická řada svazek č. 9 Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy DVD-Video mit dem Titel: Pastevci lahví Englische Zusammenfassung Sarakatsanen (DE-588)1124169830 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Sarakatsanen (DE-588)1124169830 s DE-604 Etnologická řada svazek č. 9 (DE-604)BV035596884 9 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032439011&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032439011&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032439011&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Fatková, Gabriela 1985- Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita Etnologická řada Sarakatsanen (DE-588)1124169830 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1124169830 (DE-588)4008866-2 |
| title | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita |
| title_alt | Pastevci lahví |
| title_auth | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita |
| title_exact_search | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita |
| title_full | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita Gabriela Fatková |
| title_fullStr | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita Gabriela Fatková |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život dům, jméno a identita Gabriela Fatková |
| title_short | Bulharští Karakačani a usedlý život |
| title_sort | bulharsti karakacani a usedly zivot dum jmeno a identita |
| title_sub | dům, jméno a identita |
| topic | Sarakatsanen (DE-588)1124169830 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sarakatsanen Bulgarien |
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