Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria: law, practice and ancillary matters
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Lagos ; Benin ; Ibadan ; Jos ; Port-Harcourt ; Zaria
Malthouse Press Limited
[2019]
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| Series: | Malthouse law books
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | l, 524 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789785669060 9785669068 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria |b law, practice and ancillary matters |c Moses Ediru, PhD (Law), formerly of the Faculty of Law Benue State University, Markurdi, Nigeria |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lagos ; Benin ; Ibadan ; Jos ; Port-Harcourt ; Zaria |b Malthouse Press Limited |c [2019] | |
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| adam_text | Table of Contents Dedication Preface and Acknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations and Acronyms Table of Cases Table of Statutes CHAPTER PART I - PRELIMINARY MATTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION -1 2. ISSUES OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES (DRUGS) 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction ֊9 The problem of terminology -10 Classification of Controlled Addictive Substances - 20 Conclusions - 28 3. EJUSDEM GENERIS RULE IN DRUG CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 29 Explanation of terms-30 The basis of the creation of the genus cocaine, LSD, heroin - 31 a. Chemical structure - (appendix A ) - 32 b. Pharmacological actions - 32 c. Sites of action - 33 The Status of the Provisions of the International Conventions - 34 Procedures for Addition, Deletion and Transfer of Substances from One Schedule or Table to Another - 35 The Utility of the Drafting Device - 37 Conclusions - 41 4. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF DRUG OFFENCES IN NIGERIA 1. 2. xlii Introduction - 43 Offences in Relation to Drug Abuse and Trafficking - 46
3. 4. 5. 6. a. Cultivation or planting, production, manufacture and related offences - 46 b. Exportation or trafficking - 51 c. Dealing in illicit substances - 55 d. knowingly being in unlawful possession and unlawful use - 58 Offences in Relation to Property - 73 a. Nature of offences relating to property - 75 b. The scope of offences relating to property - 78 c. Assets of persons arrested for offences under the NDLEA Act - 82 d. Onus of proof of lawful origin of property (Gabriel Dauda v. FRN) - 86 e. Property subject to forfeiture - 92 f. Disposal of forfeited property - 94 Offences in Relation to Nigeria s Image - 99 Miscellaneous Offences -103 a. Occupier s liability -103 b. Protection and discipline of NDLEA officials -107 c. Inchoate offences -109 Conclusion -109 5. INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. Introduction - 111 Pre-1961 International Drug Control System -113 Post-1961 International Drug Control System -116 a. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961 Convention) -117 b. Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 (1971 Convention) -133 c. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (1988 convention) -137 4. Bilateral Co-operation in International Drug Control System -147 5. Domestic Legislations in International Drug Control System -150 a. The NDLA Act -150 b. Extradition Act -151 c. MAC Act-153 d. TCO Act -156 6. Conclusion -157 6. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG LAWS IN NIGERIA 1. 2. Introduction -159 Establishment of the NDLEA -161 a. Structure of the NDLEA -165 b.
Functions of the NDLEA -167 i. The seemingly eclipsing power of the NDLEA -167 ii. Limitations to the functions of the NDLEA -169 xliii
a b. i. ii. iil. iv. c. 3. 4. iii. Treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration of addicts -172 Treatment as a demand reduction strategy -174 Treatment interventions -176 Detoxification -177 Pharmacologic interventions -177 (A) Biophysical -178 (B) Physiological -178 Therapeutic communities -178 Traditional healing -179 Counselling function of the NDLEA as a drug demand reduction strategy -179 The Role of International Institutions -182 a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) -183 b. International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) -185 i. Dialogue with governments -188 ii. Training programmes -188 iii. Annual reports -188 c. World Health Organisation (WHO) -194 d. United Nations Funds for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) -196 Conclusions -197 7. JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction -199 Conceptual clarifications - 200 Sources of jurisdiction in drug offences - 203 Courts with jurisdiction in drug offences - 204 a. The criminal jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court (MC) in drug cases - 205 b. The criminal jurisdiction of the States High Courts (SHC) in drug cases - 207 5. Conclusions - 209 PART II - SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS 8. PROOF OF POSSESSION AS A RATE LIMITING (DECISIVE) STEP IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction - 211 What is possession? - 211 Ingredients of the offence of knowingly being in unlawful possession - 212 knowingly being in physical custody or control Possession of prohibited substance without lawful authority - 215 Knowledge that what is possessed is prohibited by the law - 218 Possession as a distinct offence and as an ingredient of
other offences - 224 Conclusions - 229 9. WHEN UNLAWFUL POSSESSION IS AN OFFENCE (OKEWU v. FRN) 1. 2. Introduction - 231 Pool of penal provisions for analysis - 232 xliv
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Inelegant drafting of charges - 234 The constitutionality of trial for unlawful possession, simpliciter - 234 Proof that the accused had knowledge that he was in possession - 238 Implications of the existing judicial decisions - 247 Conclusions - 248 Recommendations - 248 10. IS OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION A LESSER OFFENCE TO DEALING IN HARO DRUGS? (HENRY ODEHv. FRN) 1. Introduction - 251 2. Whether S. 179 or 286 of the CPA was the Applicable Section in the Case - 252 3. Whether knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp is a Lesser Offence to Unlawful dealing under the NDLEA Act - 256 4. Whether the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp was proved at the Trial - 260 a. Possession as an ingredient of other offences under the NDLEA Act - 262 b. Possession as a Distinct Offence under the NDLEA Act - 264 5. Proof of Knowledge that what is Possessed is Prohibited by Law - 267 6. Whether Exhibit 7 is an Admission of the Commission of the Offence of Knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp - 269 7. Conclusions - 275 11. THE OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION FOR PURPOSE OF SALE (FRN v. IWEKA) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction - 277 The Analysis of the Charge - 278 The analysis of the Confessional Statement - 280 The Analysis of the Conviction - 283 The Correlation - 284 a. Whether the conviction of the respondent as charged is correct - 284 b. Whether the lesser offence principle under the CPA applies in the instant case -286 c. Whether the respondent could have been rightly convicted under any circumstance - 288 6.
Conclusions - 288 12. CONFESSIONAL STATEMENTS AND PLEA OF GUILTY ON BURDEN OF PROOF IN DRUG TRIALS (OMOJU v. FRN) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Preamble-291 Introduction - 291 Facts of the Case - 292 Statutory Elements of Unlawful Exportation of Cocaine - 294 Composite or Formal Evidence in Drug Trials - 297 xlv
a. Proof that the Substance was recovered from the Appellant - 299 b. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered from the Appellant was the one produced In Evidence - 300 c. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered is Prohibited by the Law (NDLEA Act)-304 6. Non-compliance with S. 218 of the CPA - 307 7. Conclusions - 308 13. FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN DRUG TRIALS (NWACHUKWU v. STATE) 1. Introduction - 309 2. Forensic Evidence - 310 3. The Unbroken Chain in Forensic Evidence - 311 a. Evidence of activities at the scene or locus criminis - 312 b. Evidence of custody and movement of sample between the crime scene and the laboratory - 313 c. Evidence of the laboratory analysis - 315 4. The Drug Analyst as an Expert - 316 5. The Laboratory as an Institution - 319 6. The Techniques (Methods) Employed in Drug Analysis - 321 7. The Report of Laboratory Analysis - 325 8. Persons Qualified to Testify on the Report or Certificate of Drug Analysis - 329 9. Conclusions - 331 14. CONVICTION FOR DRUG OFFENCES WITHOUT A CHEMIST S REPORT (NKIE v. FRN) 1. Introduction - 333 2. Brief Facts of the Case - 334 3. Elements of the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Cocaine 336 4. Confessional Statement as a Mode of Proof in Drug Possessory Cases - 337 5. The Non-production of Chemist s Report at the Trial - 340 6. Implications of the Non-production of a Chemist s Report in the Trial of Drug Offences - 348 7. Conclusions - 349 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. xlvi ENFORCEMENT MODALITIES FOR MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENCES Introduction - 351 The Tenor of Money Laundering Enforcement Functions - 352
Money Laundering as a Derivative or Second-order Financial Crime - 355 Procedural Matters of Jurisdiction in Enforcing Money Laundering Offences - 357 a. Investigation - 363 b. Prosecution - 365 c. Jurisdiction - 367
5. The way forward - 368 16. THE DECISION IN CHUKWUMA v. FRN 1. Introduction - 371 2. The Constitutionality of the Trial - 372 3. Proof of the Ingredients of the Offence Charged - 374 a. That the substance must be Indian hemp - 375 b. That the possession must be within knowledge of the accused - 380 c. Knowledge of the nature of the substance possessed - 382 4. Conclusions-384 PART III - ANCILLARY MATTERS 17. CONVICTION AND SENTENCING OF DRUG OFFENDERS 1. Conviction - 387 2. Sentencing - 390 a. Mitigating factors - 392 b. Aggravating factors - 392 18 PHARMACO-LEGAL ISSUES IN DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONSUMPTION 1. Introduction - 399 2. Conceptual Űarifications - 401 3. Layers of Consumer Protection - 403 a. Consumer protection as a matter of law (1st layer) - 406 b. Consumer protection as a matter of practice - 412 c. Consumer protection as a matter of pharmaceutical care - 420 4. Consumer remedies-421 a. Punitive measures by way of imprisonment or fine of producers - 423 b. Compensation order - 423 c. Disciplinary measures by administrative agencies - 423 d. Rights to repudiate contract and to damages for breach of contract - 424 e. Right to damages in tort - 424 5. Producer protection - 425 6. Statutory defences - 426 7. Conclusions - 429 19. LEGAL ASPECTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 431 Definition of Clinical Trial - 431 Terminologies in Clinical Trial - 432 Regulations and Ethical Guidelines - 433 Present State of the Law and Practice - 435 Legal Basis for Liability in Clinical Trials - 436 Lack of Informed Consent - 436 xlvii
8. The Way Forward - 442 20. PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE, INFORMED CONSENT AND THE LEGAL DUTY OF CARE IN PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction - 445 Professional Etiquette, Ethics and Code of Conduct in Medicine - 446 Informed Consent of the Patient - 447 The Philosophical and Legal Basis for Informed Consent - 448 The Elements (Ingredients) of Valid Informed Consent - 448 Exceptions to the Doctrine of Informed Consent - 453 Duty of Care in Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Sources of the Legal Duty of Care in a Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Heads of Liability - 456 Conclusions - 465 PART TV - APPENDICES APPENDIX I - Chemical Structures of Cocaine, LSD, Heroin - 466 APPENDIX II - NDLEA ACT - 467 APPENDIX III - List of Substances (Drugs) under NDLEA Control by the dint of Section 20(1) (a) (b) of the NDLEA Act - 500 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX - 511 xlviii
Table of Contents Dedication Preface and Acknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations and Acronyms Table of Cases Table of Statutes CHAPTER PART I - PRELIMINARY MATTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION -1 2. ISSUES OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES (DRUGS) 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction ֊9 The problem of terminology -10 Classification of Controlled Addictive Substances - 20 Conclusions - 28 3. EJUSDEM GENERIS RULE IN DRUG CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 29 Explanation of terms-30 The basis of the creation of the genus cocaine, LSD, heroin - 31 a. Chemical structure - (appendix A ) - 32 b. Pharmacological actions - 32 c. Sites of action - 33 The Status of the Provisions of the International Conventions - 34 Procedures for Addition, Deletion and Transfer of Substances from One Schedule or Table to Another - 35 The Utility of the Drafting Device - 37 Conclusions - 41 4. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF DRUG OFFENCES IN NIGERIA 1. 2. xlii Introduction - 43 Offences in Relation to Drug Abuse and Trafficking - 46
3. 4. 5. 6. a. Cultivation or planting, production, manufacture and related offences - 46 b. Exportation or trafficking - 51 c. Dealing in illicit substances - 55 d. knowingly being in unlawful possession and unlawful use - 58 Offences in Relation to Property - 73 a. Nature of offences relating to property - 75 b. The scope of offences relating to property - 78 c. Assets of persons arrested for offences under the NDLEA Act - 82 d. Onus of proof of lawful origin of property (Gabriel Dauda v. FRN) - 86 e. Property subject to forfeiture - 92 f. Disposal of forfeited property - 94 Offences in Relation to Nigeria s Image - 99 Miscellaneous Offences -103 a. Occupier s liability -103 b. Protection and discipline of NDLEA officials -107 c. Inchoate offences -109 Conclusion -109 5. INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. Introduction - 111 Pre-1961 International Drug Control System -113 Post-1961 International Drug Control System -116 a. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961 Convention) -117 b. Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 (1971 Convention) -133 c. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (1988 convention) -137 4. Bilateral Co-operation in International Drug Control System -147 5. Domestic Legislations in International Drug Control System -150 a. The NDLA Act -150 b. Extradition Act -151 c. MAC Act-153 d. TCO Act -156 6. Conclusion -157 6. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG LAWS IN NIGERIA 1. 2. Introduction -159 Establishment of the NDLEA -161 a. Structure of the NDLEA -165 b.
Functions of the NDLEA -167 i. The seemingly eclipsing power of the NDLEA -167 ii. Limitations to the functions of the NDLEA -169 xliii
a b. i. ii. iil. iv. c. 3. 4. iii. Treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration of addicts -172 Treatment as a demand reduction strategy -174 Treatment interventions -176 Detoxification -177 Pharmacologic interventions -177 (A) Biophysical -178 (B) Physiological -178 Therapeutic communities -178 Traditional healing -179 Counselling function of the NDLEA as a drug demand reduction strategy -179 The Role of International Institutions -182 a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) -183 b. International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) -185 i. Dialogue with governments -188 ii. Training programmes -188 iii. Annual reports -188 c. World Health Organisation (WHO) -194 d. United Nations Funds for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) -196 Conclusions -197 7. JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction -199 Conceptual clarifications - 200 Sources of jurisdiction in drug offences - 203 Courts with jurisdiction in drug offences - 204 a. The criminal jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court (MC) in drug cases - 205 b. The criminal jurisdiction of the States High Courts (SHC) in drug cases - 207 5. Conclusions - 209 PART II - SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS 8. PROOF OF POSSESSION AS A RATE LIMITING (DECISIVE) STEP IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction - 211 What is possession? - 211 Ingredients of the offence of knowingly being in unlawful possession - 212 knowingly being in physical custody or control Possession of prohibited substance without lawful authority - 215 Knowledge that what is possessed is prohibited by the law - 218 Possession as a distinct offence and as an ingredient of
other offences - 224 Conclusions - 229 9. WHEN UNLAWFUL POSSESSION IS AN OFFENCE (OKEWU v. FRN) 1. 2. Introduction - 231 Pool of penal provisions for analysis - 232 xliv
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Inelegant drafting of charges - 234 The constitutionality of trial for unlawful possession, simpliciter - 234 Proof that the accused had knowledge that he was in possession - 238 Implications of the existing judicial decisions - 247 Conclusions - 248 Recommendations - 248 10. IS OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION A LESSER OFFENCE TO DEALING IN HARO DRUGS? (HENRY ODEHv. FRN) 1. Introduction - 251 2. Whether S. 179 or 286 of the CPA was the Applicable Section in the Case - 252 3. Whether knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp is a Lesser Offence to Unlawful dealing under the NDLEA Act - 256 4. Whether the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp was proved at the Trial - 260 a. Possession as an ingredient of other offences under the NDLEA Act - 262 b. Possession as a Distinct Offence under the NDLEA Act - 264 5. Proof of Knowledge that what is Possessed is Prohibited by Law - 267 6. Whether Exhibit 7 is an Admission of the Commission of the Offence of Knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp - 269 7. Conclusions - 275 11. THE OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION FOR PURPOSE OF SALE (FRN v. IWEKA) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction - 277 The Analysis of the Charge - 278 The analysis of the Confessional Statement - 280 The Analysis of the Conviction - 283 The Correlation - 284 a. Whether the conviction of the respondent as charged is correct - 284 b. Whether the lesser offence principle under the CPA applies in the instant case -286 c. Whether the respondent could have been rightly convicted under any circumstance - 288 6.
Conclusions - 288 12. CONFESSIONAL STATEMENTS AND PLEA OF GUILTY ON BURDEN OF PROOF IN DRUG TRIALS (OMOJU v. FRN) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Preamble-291 Introduction - 291 Facts of the Case - 292 Statutory Elements of Unlawful Exportation of Cocaine - 294 Composite or Formal Evidence in Drug Trials - 297 xlv
a. Proof that the Substance was recovered from the Appellant - 299 b. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered from the Appellant was the one produced In Evidence - 300 c. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered is Prohibited by the Law (NDLEA Act)-304 6. Non-compliance with S. 218 of the CPA - 307 7. Conclusions - 308 13. FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN DRUG TRIALS (NWACHUKWU v. STATE) 1. Introduction - 309 2. Forensic Evidence - 310 3. The Unbroken Chain in Forensic Evidence - 311 a. Evidence of activities at the scene or locus criminis - 312 b. Evidence of custody and movement of sample between the crime scene and the laboratory - 313 c. Evidence of the laboratory analysis - 315 4. The Drug Analyst as an Expert - 316 5. The Laboratory as an Institution - 319 6. The Techniques (Methods) Employed in Drug Analysis - 321 7. The Report of Laboratory Analysis - 325 8. Persons Qualified to Testify on the Report or Certificate of Drug Analysis - 329 9. Conclusions - 331 14. CONVICTION FOR DRUG OFFENCES WITHOUT A CHEMIST S REPORT (NKIE v. FRN) 1. Introduction - 333 2. Brief Facts of the Case - 334 3. Elements of the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Cocaine 336 4. Confessional Statement as a Mode of Proof in Drug Possessory Cases - 337 5. The Non-production of Chemist s Report at the Trial - 340 6. Implications of the Non-production of a Chemist s Report in the Trial of Drug Offences - 348 7. Conclusions - 349 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. xlvi ENFORCEMENT MODALITIES FOR MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENCES Introduction - 351 The Tenor of Money Laundering Enforcement Functions - 352
Money Laundering as a Derivative or Second-order Financial Crime - 355 Procedural Matters of Jurisdiction in Enforcing Money Laundering Offences - 357 a. Investigation - 363 b. Prosecution - 365 c. Jurisdiction - 367
5. The way forward - 368 16. THE DECISION IN CHUKWUMA v. FRN 1. Introduction - 371 2. The Constitutionality of the Trial - 372 3. Proof of the Ingredients of the Offence Charged - 374 a. That the substance must be Indian hemp - 375 b. That the possession must be within knowledge of the accused - 380 c. Knowledge of the nature of the substance possessed - 382 4. Conclusions-384 PART III - ANCILLARY MATTERS 17. CONVICTION AND SENTENCING OF DRUG OFFENDERS 1. Conviction - 387 2. Sentencing - 390 a. Mitigating factors - 392 b. Aggravating factors - 392 18 PHARMACO-LEGAL ISSUES IN DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONSUMPTION 1. Introduction - 399 2. Conceptual Űarifications - 401 3. Layers of Consumer Protection - 403 a. Consumer protection as a matter of law (1st layer) - 406 b. Consumer protection as a matter of practice - 412 c. Consumer protection as a matter of pharmaceutical care - 420 4. Consumer remedies-421 a. Punitive measures by way of imprisonment or fine of producers - 423 b. Compensation order - 423 c. Disciplinary measures by administrative agencies - 423 d. Rights to repudiate contract and to damages for breach of contract - 424 e. Right to damages in tort - 424 5. Producer protection - 425 6. Statutory defences - 426 7. Conclusions - 429 19. LEGAL ASPECTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 431 Definition of Clinical Trial - 431 Terminologies in Clinical Trial - 432 Regulations and Ethical Guidelines - 433 Present State of the Law and Practice - 435 Legal Basis for Liability in Clinical Trials - 436 Lack of Informed Consent - 436 xlvii
8. The Way Forward - 442 20. PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE, INFORMED CONSENT AND THE LEGAL DUTY OF CARE IN PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction - 445 Professional Etiquette, Ethics and Code of Conduct in Medicine - 446 Informed Consent of the Patient - 447 The Philosophical and Legal Basis for Informed Consent - 448 The Elements (Ingredients) of Valid Informed Consent - 448 Exceptions to the Doctrine of Informed Consent - 453 Duty of Care in Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Sources of the Legal Duty of Care in a Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Heads of Liability - 456 Conclusions - 465 PART TV - APPENDICES APPENDIX I - Chemical Structures of Cocaine, LSD, Heroin - 466 APPENDIX II - NDLEA ACT - 467 APPENDIX III - List of Substances (Drugs) under NDLEA Control by the dint of Section 20(1) (a) (b) of the NDLEA Act - 500 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX - 511 xlviii
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Table of Contents Dedication Preface and Acknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations and Acronyms Table of Cases Table of Statutes CHAPTER PART I - PRELIMINARY MATTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION -1 2. ISSUES OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES (DRUGS) 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction ֊9 The problem of terminology -10 Classification of Controlled Addictive Substances - 20 Conclusions - 28 3. EJUSDEM GENERIS RULE IN DRUG CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 29 Explanation of terms-30 The basis of the creation of the genus "cocaine, LSD, heroin" - 31 a. Chemical structure - (appendix 'A') - 32 b. Pharmacological actions - 32 c. Sites of action - 33 The Status of the Provisions of the International Conventions - 34 Procedures for Addition, Deletion and Transfer of Substances from One Schedule or Table to Another - 35 The Utility of the Drafting Device - 37 Conclusions - 41 4. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF DRUG OFFENCES IN NIGERIA 1. 2. xlii Introduction - 43 Offences in Relation to Drug Abuse and Trafficking - 46
3. 4. 5. 6. a. Cultivation or planting, production, manufacture and related offences - 46 b. Exportation or trafficking - 51 c. Dealing in illicit substances - 55 d. knowingly being in unlawful possession and unlawful use - 58 Offences in Relation to Property - 73 a. Nature of offences relating to property - 75 b. The scope of offences relating to property - 78 c. Assets of persons arrested for offences under the NDLEA Act - 82 d. Onus of proof of lawful origin of property (Gabriel Dauda v. FRN) - 86 e. Property subject to forfeiture - 92 f. Disposal of forfeited property - 94 Offences in Relation to Nigeria's Image - 99 Miscellaneous Offences -103 a. Occupier's liability -103 b. Protection and discipline of NDLEA officials -107 c. Inchoate offences -109 Conclusion -109 5. INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. Introduction - 111 Pre-1961 International Drug Control System -113 Post-1961 International Drug Control System -116 a. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961 Convention) -117 b. Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 (1971 Convention) -133 c. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (1988 convention) -137 4. Bilateral Co-operation in International Drug Control System -147 5. Domestic Legislations in International Drug Control System -150 a. The NDLA Act -150 b. Extradition Act -151 c. MAC Act-153 d. TCO Act -156 6. Conclusion -157 6. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG LAWS IN NIGERIA 1. 2. Introduction -159 Establishment of the NDLEA -161 a. Structure of the NDLEA -165 b.
Functions of the NDLEA -167 i. The seemingly eclipsing power of the NDLEA -167 ii. Limitations to the functions of the NDLEA -169 xliii
a b. i. ii. iil. iv. c. 3. 4. iii. Treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration of addicts -172 Treatment as a demand reduction strategy -174 Treatment interventions -176 Detoxification -177 Pharmacologic interventions -177 (A) Biophysical -178 (B) Physiological -178 Therapeutic communities -178 Traditional healing -179 Counselling function of the NDLEA as a drug demand reduction strategy -179 The Role of International Institutions -182 a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) -183 b. International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) -185 i. Dialogue with governments -188 ii. Training programmes -188 iii. Annual reports -188 c. World Health Organisation (WHO) -194 d. United Nations Funds for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) -196 Conclusions -197 7. JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction -199 Conceptual clarifications - 200 Sources of jurisdiction in drug offences - 203 Courts with jurisdiction in drug offences - 204 a. The criminal jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court (MC) in drug cases - 205 b. The criminal jurisdiction of the States High Courts (SHC) in drug cases - 207 5. Conclusions - 209 PART II - SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS 8. PROOF OF POSSESSION AS A RATE LIMITING (DECISIVE) STEP IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction - 211 What is possession? - 211 Ingredients of the offence of knowingly being in unlawful possession - 212 knowingly being in physical custody or control" Possession of prohibited substance without lawful authority - 215 Knowledge that what is possessed is prohibited by the law - 218 Possession as a distinct offence and as an ingredient of
other offences - 224 Conclusions - 229 9. WHEN UNLAWFUL POSSESSION IS AN OFFENCE (OKEWU v. FRN) 1. 2. Introduction - 231 Pool of penal provisions for analysis - 232 xliv
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Inelegant drafting of charges - 234 The constitutionality of trial for unlawful possession, simpliciter - 234 Proof that the accused had knowledge that he was in possession - 238 Implications of the existing judicial decisions - 247 Conclusions - 248 Recommendations - 248 10. IS OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION A LESSER OFFENCE TO DEALING IN HARO DRUGS? (HENRY ODEHv. FRN) 1. Introduction - 251 2. Whether S. 179 or 286 of the CPA was the Applicable Section in the Case - 252 3. Whether knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp is a Lesser Offence to Unlawful dealing under the NDLEA Act - 256 4. Whether the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp was proved at the Trial - 260 a. Possession as an ingredient of other offences under the NDLEA Act - 262 b. Possession as a Distinct Offence under the NDLEA Act - 264 5. Proof of Knowledge that what is Possessed is Prohibited by Law - 267 6. Whether Exhibit 7 is an Admission of the Commission of the Offence of Knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp - 269 7. Conclusions - 275 11. THE OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION FOR PURPOSE OF SALE (FRN v. IWEKA) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction - 277 The Analysis of the Charge - 278 The analysis of the Confessional Statement - 280 The Analysis of the Conviction - 283 The Correlation - 284 a. Whether the conviction of the respondent as charged is correct - 284 b. Whether the lesser offence principle under the CPA applies in the instant case -286 c. Whether the respondent could have been rightly convicted under any circumstance - 288 6.
Conclusions - 288 12. CONFESSIONAL STATEMENTS AND PLEA OF GUILTY ON BURDEN OF PROOF IN DRUG TRIALS (OMOJU v. FRN) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Preamble-291 Introduction - 291 Facts of the Case - 292 Statutory Elements of Unlawful Exportation of Cocaine - 294 Composite or Formal Evidence in Drug Trials - 297 xlv
a. Proof that the Substance was recovered from the Appellant - 299 b. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered from the Appellant was the one produced In Evidence - 300 c. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered is Prohibited by the Law (NDLEA Act)-304 6. Non-compliance with S. 218 of the CPA - 307 7. Conclusions - 308 13. FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN DRUG TRIALS (NWACHUKWU v. STATE) 1. Introduction - 309 2. Forensic Evidence - 310 3. The Unbroken Chain in Forensic Evidence - 311 a. Evidence of activities at the scene or locus criminis - 312 b. Evidence of custody and movement of sample between the crime scene and the laboratory - 313 c. Evidence of the laboratory analysis - 315 4. The Drug Analyst as an Expert - 316 5. The Laboratory as an Institution - 319 6. The Techniques (Methods) Employed in Drug Analysis - 321 7. The Report of Laboratory Analysis - 325 8. Persons Qualified to Testify on the Report or Certificate of Drug Analysis - 329 9. Conclusions - 331 14. CONVICTION FOR DRUG OFFENCES WITHOUT A CHEMIST'S REPORT (NKIE v. FRN) 1. Introduction - 333 2. Brief Facts of the Case - 334 3. Elements of the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Cocaine 336 4. Confessional Statement as a Mode of Proof in Drug Possessory Cases - 337 5. The Non-production of Chemist's Report at the Trial - 340 6. Implications of the Non-production of a Chemist's Report in the Trial of Drug Offences - 348 7. Conclusions - 349 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. xlvi ENFORCEMENT MODALITIES FOR MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENCES Introduction - 351 The Tenor of Money Laundering Enforcement Functions - 352
Money Laundering as a Derivative or Second-order Financial Crime - 355 Procedural Matters of Jurisdiction in Enforcing Money Laundering Offences - 357 a. Investigation - 363 b. Prosecution - 365 c. Jurisdiction - 367
5. The way forward - 368 16. THE DECISION IN CHUKWUMA v. FRN 1. Introduction - 371 2. The Constitutionality of the Trial - 372 3. Proof of the Ingredients of the Offence Charged - 374 a. That the substance must be Indian hemp - 375 b. That the possession must be within knowledge of the accused - 380 c. Knowledge of the nature of the substance possessed - 382 4. Conclusions-384 PART III - ANCILLARY MATTERS 17. CONVICTION AND SENTENCING OF DRUG OFFENDERS 1. Conviction - 387 2. Sentencing - 390 a. Mitigating factors - 392 b. Aggravating factors - 392 18 PHARMACO-LEGAL ISSUES IN DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONSUMPTION 1. Introduction - 399 2. Conceptual Űarifications - 401 3. Layers of Consumer Protection - 403 a. Consumer protection as a matter of law (1st layer) - 406 b. Consumer protection as a matter of practice - 412 c. Consumer protection as a matter of pharmaceutical care - 420 4. Consumer remedies-421 a. Punitive measures by way of imprisonment or fine of producers - 423 b. Compensation order - 423 c. Disciplinary measures by administrative agencies - 423 d. Rights to repudiate contract and to damages for breach of contract - 424 e. Right to damages in tort - 424 5. Producer protection - 425 6. Statutory defences - 426 7. Conclusions - 429 19. LEGAL ASPECTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 431 Definition of Clinical Trial - 431 Terminologies in Clinical Trial - 432 Regulations and Ethical Guidelines - 433 Present State of the Law and Practice - 435 Legal Basis for Liability in Clinical Trials - 436 Lack of Informed Consent - 436 xlvii
8. The Way Forward - 442 20. PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE, INFORMED CONSENT AND THE LEGAL DUTY OF CARE IN PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction - 445 Professional Etiquette, Ethics and Code of Conduct in Medicine - 446 Informed Consent of the Patient - 447 The Philosophical and Legal Basis for Informed Consent - 448 The Elements (Ingredients) of Valid Informed Consent - 448 Exceptions to the Doctrine of Informed Consent - 453 Duty of Care in Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Sources of the Legal Duty of Care in a Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Heads of Liability - 456 Conclusions - 465 PART TV - APPENDICES APPENDIX I - Chemical Structures of Cocaine, LSD, Heroin - 466 APPENDIX II - NDLEA ACT - 467 APPENDIX III - List of Substances (Drugs) under NDLEA Control by the dint of Section 20(1) (a) (b) of the NDLEA Act - 500 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX - 511 xlviii
Table of Contents Dedication Preface and Acknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations and Acronyms Table of Cases Table of Statutes CHAPTER PART I - PRELIMINARY MATTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION -1 2. ISSUES OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES (DRUGS) 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction ֊9 The problem of terminology -10 Classification of Controlled Addictive Substances - 20 Conclusions - 28 3. EJUSDEM GENERIS RULE IN DRUG CLASSIFICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 29 Explanation of terms-30 The basis of the creation of the genus "cocaine, LSD, heroin" - 31 a. Chemical structure - (appendix 'A') - 32 b. Pharmacological actions - 32 c. Sites of action - 33 The Status of the Provisions of the International Conventions - 34 Procedures for Addition, Deletion and Transfer of Substances from One Schedule or Table to Another - 35 The Utility of the Drafting Device - 37 Conclusions - 41 4. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF DRUG OFFENCES IN NIGERIA 1. 2. xlii Introduction - 43 Offences in Relation to Drug Abuse and Trafficking - 46
3. 4. 5. 6. a. Cultivation or planting, production, manufacture and related offences - 46 b. Exportation or trafficking - 51 c. Dealing in illicit substances - 55 d. knowingly being in unlawful possession and unlawful use - 58 Offences in Relation to Property - 73 a. Nature of offences relating to property - 75 b. The scope of offences relating to property - 78 c. Assets of persons arrested for offences under the NDLEA Act - 82 d. Onus of proof of lawful origin of property (Gabriel Dauda v. FRN) - 86 e. Property subject to forfeiture - 92 f. Disposal of forfeited property - 94 Offences in Relation to Nigeria's Image - 99 Miscellaneous Offences -103 a. Occupier's liability -103 b. Protection and discipline of NDLEA officials -107 c. Inchoate offences -109 Conclusion -109 5. INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. Introduction - 111 Pre-1961 International Drug Control System -113 Post-1961 International Drug Control System -116 a. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961 Convention) -117 b. Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 (1971 Convention) -133 c. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (1988 convention) -137 4. Bilateral Co-operation in International Drug Control System -147 5. Domestic Legislations in International Drug Control System -150 a. The NDLA Act -150 b. Extradition Act -151 c. MAC Act-153 d. TCO Act -156 6. Conclusion -157 6. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG LAWS IN NIGERIA 1. 2. Introduction -159 Establishment of the NDLEA -161 a. Structure of the NDLEA -165 b.
Functions of the NDLEA -167 i. The seemingly eclipsing power of the NDLEA -167 ii. Limitations to the functions of the NDLEA -169 xliii
a b. i. ii. iil. iv. c. 3. 4. iii. Treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration of addicts -172 Treatment as a demand reduction strategy -174 Treatment interventions -176 Detoxification -177 Pharmacologic interventions -177 (A) Biophysical -178 (B) Physiological -178 Therapeutic communities -178 Traditional healing -179 Counselling function of the NDLEA as a drug demand reduction strategy -179 The Role of International Institutions -182 a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) -183 b. International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) -185 i. Dialogue with governments -188 ii. Training programmes -188 iii. Annual reports -188 c. World Health Organisation (WHO) -194 d. United Nations Funds for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) -196 Conclusions -197 7. JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction -199 Conceptual clarifications - 200 Sources of jurisdiction in drug offences - 203 Courts with jurisdiction in drug offences - 204 a. The criminal jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court (MC) in drug cases - 205 b. The criminal jurisdiction of the States High Courts (SHC) in drug cases - 207 5. Conclusions - 209 PART II - SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS 8. PROOF OF POSSESSION AS A RATE LIMITING (DECISIVE) STEP IN DRUG TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction - 211 What is possession? - 211 Ingredients of the offence of knowingly being in unlawful possession - 212 knowingly being in physical custody or control" Possession of prohibited substance without lawful authority - 215 Knowledge that what is possessed is prohibited by the law - 218 Possession as a distinct offence and as an ingredient of
other offences - 224 Conclusions - 229 9. WHEN UNLAWFUL POSSESSION IS AN OFFENCE (OKEWU v. FRN) 1. 2. Introduction - 231 Pool of penal provisions for analysis - 232 xliv
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Inelegant drafting of charges - 234 The constitutionality of trial for unlawful possession, simpliciter - 234 Proof that the accused had knowledge that he was in possession - 238 Implications of the existing judicial decisions - 247 Conclusions - 248 Recommendations - 248 10. IS OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION A LESSER OFFENCE TO DEALING IN HARO DRUGS? (HENRY ODEHv. FRN) 1. Introduction - 251 2. Whether S. 179 or 286 of the CPA was the Applicable Section in the Case - 252 3. Whether knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp is a Lesser Offence to Unlawful dealing under the NDLEA Act - 256 4. Whether the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp was proved at the Trial - 260 a. Possession as an ingredient of other offences under the NDLEA Act - 262 b. Possession as a Distinct Offence under the NDLEA Act - 264 5. Proof of Knowledge that what is Possessed is Prohibited by Law - 267 6. Whether Exhibit 7 is an Admission of the Commission of the Offence of Knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian Hemp - 269 7. Conclusions - 275 11. THE OFFENCE OF UNLAWFUL POSSESSION FOR PURPOSE OF SALE (FRN v. IWEKA) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction - 277 The Analysis of the Charge - 278 The analysis of the Confessional Statement - 280 The Analysis of the Conviction - 283 The Correlation - 284 a. Whether the conviction of the respondent as charged is correct - 284 b. Whether the lesser offence principle under the CPA applies in the instant case -286 c. Whether the respondent could have been rightly convicted under any circumstance - 288 6.
Conclusions - 288 12. CONFESSIONAL STATEMENTS AND PLEA OF GUILTY ON BURDEN OF PROOF IN DRUG TRIALS (OMOJU v. FRN) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Preamble-291 Introduction - 291 Facts of the Case - 292 Statutory Elements of Unlawful Exportation of Cocaine - 294 Composite or Formal Evidence in Drug Trials - 297 xlv
a. Proof that the Substance was recovered from the Appellant - 299 b. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered from the Appellant was the one produced In Evidence - 300 c. Proof that the Substance (Cocaine) recovered is Prohibited by the Law (NDLEA Act)-304 6. Non-compliance with S. 218 of the CPA - 307 7. Conclusions - 308 13. FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN DRUG TRIALS (NWACHUKWU v. STATE) 1. Introduction - 309 2. Forensic Evidence - 310 3. The Unbroken Chain in Forensic Evidence - 311 a. Evidence of activities at the scene or locus criminis - 312 b. Evidence of custody and movement of sample between the crime scene and the laboratory - 313 c. Evidence of the laboratory analysis - 315 4. The Drug Analyst as an Expert - 316 5. The Laboratory as an Institution - 319 6. The Techniques (Methods) Employed in Drug Analysis - 321 7. The Report of Laboratory Analysis - 325 8. Persons Qualified to Testify on the Report or Certificate of Drug Analysis - 329 9. Conclusions - 331 14. CONVICTION FOR DRUG OFFENCES WITHOUT A CHEMIST'S REPORT (NKIE v. FRN) 1. Introduction - 333 2. Brief Facts of the Case - 334 3. Elements of the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Cocaine 336 4. Confessional Statement as a Mode of Proof in Drug Possessory Cases - 337 5. The Non-production of Chemist's Report at the Trial - 340 6. Implications of the Non-production of a Chemist's Report in the Trial of Drug Offences - 348 7. Conclusions - 349 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. xlvi ENFORCEMENT MODALITIES FOR MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENCES Introduction - 351 The Tenor of Money Laundering Enforcement Functions - 352
Money Laundering as a Derivative or Second-order Financial Crime - 355 Procedural Matters of Jurisdiction in Enforcing Money Laundering Offences - 357 a. Investigation - 363 b. Prosecution - 365 c. Jurisdiction - 367
5. The way forward - 368 16. THE DECISION IN CHUKWUMA v. FRN 1. Introduction - 371 2. The Constitutionality of the Trial - 372 3. Proof of the Ingredients of the Offence Charged - 374 a. That the substance must be Indian hemp - 375 b. That the possession must be within knowledge of the accused - 380 c. Knowledge of the nature of the substance possessed - 382 4. Conclusions-384 PART III - ANCILLARY MATTERS 17. CONVICTION AND SENTENCING OF DRUG OFFENDERS 1. Conviction - 387 2. Sentencing - 390 a. Mitigating factors - 392 b. Aggravating factors - 392 18 PHARMACO-LEGAL ISSUES IN DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONSUMPTION 1. Introduction - 399 2. Conceptual Űarifications - 401 3. Layers of Consumer Protection - 403 a. Consumer protection as a matter of law (1st layer) - 406 b. Consumer protection as a matter of practice - 412 c. Consumer protection as a matter of pharmaceutical care - 420 4. Consumer remedies-421 a. Punitive measures by way of imprisonment or fine of producers - 423 b. Compensation order - 423 c. Disciplinary measures by administrative agencies - 423 d. Rights to repudiate contract and to damages for breach of contract - 424 e. Right to damages in tort - 424 5. Producer protection - 425 6. Statutory defences - 426 7. Conclusions - 429 19. LEGAL ASPECTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction - 431 Definition of Clinical Trial - 431 Terminologies in Clinical Trial - 432 Regulations and Ethical Guidelines - 433 Present State of the Law and Practice - 435 Legal Basis for Liability in Clinical Trials - 436 Lack of Informed Consent - 436 xlvii
8. The Way Forward - 442 20. PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE, INFORMED CONSENT AND THE LEGAL DUTY OF CARE IN PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction - 445 Professional Etiquette, Ethics and Code of Conduct in Medicine - 446 Informed Consent of the Patient - 447 The Philosophical and Legal Basis for Informed Consent - 448 The Elements (Ingredients) of Valid Informed Consent - 448 Exceptions to the Doctrine of Informed Consent - 453 Duty of Care in Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Sources of the Legal Duty of Care in a Physician-patient Relationship - 455 Heads of Liability - 456 Conclusions - 465 PART TV - APPENDICES APPENDIX I - Chemical Structures of Cocaine, LSD, Heroin - 466 APPENDIX II - NDLEA ACT - 467 APPENDIX III - List of Substances (Drugs) under NDLEA Control by the dint of Section 20(1) (a) (b) of the NDLEA Act - 500 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX - 511 xlviii |
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| id | DE-604.BV047023397 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:59:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:00:26Z |
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| spelling | Ediru, Moses Verfasser (DE-588)1223723410 aut Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters Moses Ediru, PhD (Law), formerly of the Faculty of Law Benue State University, Markurdi, Nigeria Lagos ; Benin ; Ibadan ; Jos ; Port-Harcourt ; Zaria Malthouse Press Limited [2019] l, 524 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Malthouse law books Drogenkriminalität (DE-588)4150702-2 gnd rswk-swf Drogenhandel (DE-588)4139162-7 gnd rswk-swf Drogenkonsum (DE-588)4198658-1 gnd rswk-swf Nigeria (DE-588)4042300-1 gnd rswk-swf Drug traffic / Nigeria Drug control / Nigeria Nigeria drug use drug trafficking legal procedure Drug control Drug traffic Nigeria (DE-588)4042300-1 g Drogenkonsum (DE-588)4198658-1 s Drogenhandel (DE-588)4139162-7 s Drogenkriminalität (DE-588)4150702-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032430815&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032430815&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ediru, Moses Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters Drogenkriminalität (DE-588)4150702-2 gnd Drogenhandel (DE-588)4139162-7 gnd Drogenkonsum (DE-588)4198658-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4150702-2 (DE-588)4139162-7 (DE-588)4198658-1 (DE-588)4042300-1 |
| title | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters |
| title_auth | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters |
| title_exact_search | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters |
| title_full | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters Moses Ediru, PhD (Law), formerly of the Faculty of Law Benue State University, Markurdi, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters Moses Ediru, PhD (Law), formerly of the Faculty of Law Benue State University, Markurdi, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria law, practice and ancillary matters Moses Ediru, PhD (Law), formerly of the Faculty of Law Benue State University, Markurdi, Nigeria |
| title_short | Drug abuse and trafficking in Nigeria |
| title_sort | drug abuse and trafficking in nigeria law practice and ancillary matters |
| title_sub | law, practice and ancillary matters |
| topic | Drogenkriminalität (DE-588)4150702-2 gnd Drogenhandel (DE-588)4139162-7 gnd Drogenkonsum (DE-588)4198658-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Drogenkriminalität Drogenhandel Drogenkonsum Nigeria |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032430815&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032430815&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT edirumoses drugabuseandtraffickinginnigerialawpracticeandancillarymatters |
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