"Za službu i chrabrostʹ": k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George
"За службу и храбрость" к 250-летию Ордена Святого Георгия : каталог выставки : Государственный Эрмитаж Санкт-Петербург, 4 декабря 2019-3 марта 2020 года
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Sankt-Peterburg
Izdatelʹstvo Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža
2019
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ М. Б. Пиотровский СВЯТОЙ ГЕОРГИЙ - ПОБЕДОНОСНЫЙ ОБЪЕДИНИТЕЛЬ. η СТАТУТЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ И ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АКТЫ. 151 Л. И. Добровольская
ДОКУМЕНТЫ.165 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ. ИСТОРИЯ ДЛИНОЮ В 250 ЛЕТ. 9 Л. И. Добровольская, А. М. Лукьянчикова НАГРАДНОЕ ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЕ
ОРУЖИЕ.169 ИКОНОПИСЬ . 175 ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРАЗДНИКА ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ.33 ЖИВОПИСЬ.187
КАТАЛОГ.55 СКУЛЬПТУРА.205 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ВЕЛИКОМУЧЕНИКА И ПОБЕДОНОСЦА ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ
ИМПЕРИИ. 57 Знаки ордена.57 Звезды
ордена.65 Ленты ордена.67 Орденские
колодки. 68
Миниатюрные знаки ордена и орденские колодки. 70 Золотые знаки для ношения в петлице на георгиевской ленте.74 Знаки отличия Военного ордена для солдат и унтер-офицеров.77 Знаки отличия беспорочной
службы.92 МЕДАЛИ РОССИИ ДО ОКТЯБРЬСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ.95 Медали XVIII века, носимые на георгиевской ленте. 95 Медали XIX - начала XX века, носимые на георгиевской и соединенных
лентах. 98 Медали «За храбрость». 107 Медали на учреждение и юбилеи ордена.113
РИСУНОК.213 ПЕЧАТНАЯ ГРАФИКА. 223
ФОТОМАТЕРИАЛЫ. 263 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ.273 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ФАРФОРА И СТЕКЛА. 277
ТЕКСТИЛЬ. 291 АКСЕССУАРЫ.299 ПРЕДМЕТЫ
БОНИСТИКИ. 305 ПЕЧАТНЫЕ ИЗДАНИЯ. 311 ИНЫЕ СФРАГИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ФАЛЕРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ
ПАМЯТНИКИ.119 Списки кавалеров ордена. 311 Орденские
праздники. 316 Иные печатные издания. 321 НАГРАДЫ БЕЛОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ, НОСИВШИЕСЯ НА ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЙ И СОЕДИНЕННЫХ
ЛЕНТАХ. 127 ПРИНЯТЫЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ. 333 ЭМБЛЕМЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В ВОЕННОЙ СИМВОЛИКЕ ХХ-ХХІ ВЕКОВ.131 Российская
империя.131 Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.134 Российская Федерация. 139
ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. 143 Знаки ордена. 143 Звезды
ордена.145 Орденские планки.146 Знак отличия - Георгиевский Крест.147 Знак отличия «За безупречную службу» для военных. 149 Библиография.333 Прочие сокращения.339 SUMMARY. 341
SUMMARY St George’s Day (26 November Old Style) has been the main day as army officer or eighteen six-month sea voyages in times of war of celebration of the Russian armed forces since 1769. This was (after 1833 also for twenty six-month sea voyages in times of peace). the day marking the creation, 250 years ago, of the first (and only) The Order insignia were meant to be worn at all times as they were order in the Russian Empire history awarded exclusively for mili won by merit. tary merit. The award of the Order of any degree carried with it the right Catherine the Great had the idea of establishing a purely mili of hereditary noble rank and a number of other privileges. The award of the highest degree of the Order was an extre tary award soon after she ascended the Russian throne. The first mely rare event, and over 150 years of the existence of the Order design of an order that was meant for field and company officers as well as for generals was developed in 1763 (or in 1765, accord of St George in the Russian Empire, only twenty-five people were ing to other evidence) by General-in-Chief Count Zachary Cher the recipients of the Order first class, eight of them foreigners. Nine nyshev, but it did not gain the Imperial approval. However, some men received the award during the reign of Catherine the Great years later, the idea of the institution of the order was revisited, (including Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky and Prince Grigory Potemkin-Taurichesky). Six Knights of the Order of St George first and Chernyshev’s design was used as a template. The first Order
Statute, dated to 23 November 1769, consisted class were the celebrated military leaders of the Napoleonic War of of twenty articles. On 26 November of the same year, on the day 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army in 1813-1815 of St George, one of the most venerated saints in Russia, Catherine (including His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Golenishchev-Kuthe Great solemnly conferred on herself the insignia of the new Or tuzov Smolensky and Field Marshal General Prince Mikhail Bar der, which became known as the ‘Military Order of the Holy Mar clay de Tolly). By Decree of 1782, the Order Duma was established for mana tyr St George the Victorious’. This day became the festival of all the ging the affairs of the Order and opened in April 1783 in the Chesme Knights of the Order of St George. The Order was divided into four classes (degrees), which made Palace. The same place in the outskirts of St Petersburg was cho sen for the construction and dedication to the Order of St George it more democratic than the other existing orders. The sign of the Order was a gold Greek cross made of white enamel with the cen of the Church of the Birth of St John the Baptist (the Chesme tral medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback slay Church). Under Alexander I the meetings of the Order Duma were ing the dragon. The first-degree Order was worn on the left hip moved to St George’s Hall of the Winter Palace. On 13 February 1807, Alexander I signed ‘the Imperial Com on a wide over-the-shoulder ribbon consisting of three black and two yellow stripes. The second-
and third-degree insignia, which mand to Institute a Special Decoration under the Military were different in size, were worn around the neck, and the fourth- Order’ which was attached to the Military Order of the Holy Mar degree Order was worn in the buttonhole. The gold four-pointed tyr St George the Victorious. This was the birth of the ‘soldier’s star bearing the motto of the Order ‘For Service and Bravery’ at St George’, a token of undying gloiy for years to come. The award the centre came with the first- and second-degree crosses and was was intended for lower-ranking soldiers and privates who showed worn on the left breast of the uniform. Before 1854 the stars of the ‘undaunted courage in the field of battle, during the defence Order of St George issued by the Chapter (the administrative body of fortifications or at sea’. The decoration was a silver cross with in charge of order ceremonies) were sewn on, and afterwards they a central circular medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback on the obverse and the monogram of the saint on the were made of metal. According to the Statute, the Order of St George was a reward reverse. It was meant to be worn on a St George ribbon in the but for specific military exploits. It was specially noted that ‘neither tonhole and never taken off. The number of persons who could high birth nor wounds sustained from the enemy’ constituted be awarded the decoration was unlimited, but a certain number grounds for the award. The lower, fourth degree, could, before of decorations were allocated to each military detachment which
1855, be awarded for a long service: twenty-five years of service took part in a battle. Some benefits were awarded to the recipients, 341
SUMMARY such as a bonus allowance, exemption from corporal punishment, etc. The decorations were produced at the St Petersburg Mint. Pursuant to an Imperial decree, the Chapter of the Order compiled lists of the lower-ranking recipients of the award, stating the num ber and date of award. This means that we have extant information about the heroes of those times and their deeds. In 1833 a new Statute of the Order of St George was estab lished. It had a wider and more detailed list of merits for which the Order could be awarded. The new Statute also included articles on the Decoration. There were some military awards associated with the Order. These were golden crosses worn on St George ribbons presented to the participants of the storming of Ochakov (1788), Izmail (1790), Prague (1794), the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau (1807) and the taking of Bazardjik (1810). After 1807 the officers and generals presented with Golden Swords for Bravery (since 1913 the St George Swords) were counted equal to the Knights of the Order of St George. In 1827 the Decoration for Impeccable Service was established for military men, stating the length of service and worn on a St George ribbon. The St George ribbon was also attached to a ribbon used to wear a number of military awards for participation on various campaigns. The Medal for Bravery was also worn on a St George ribbon; in 1913, it was ‘associated with the Order’ and became known as the St George Medal. Apart from individual awards, there were also collective St George awards presented to military units which distinguished themselves on
a field of battle: banners, standards, flags, bugles, horns and buttonholes for lower-rank collars. After the October Revolution the Order of St George was aboli shed alongside other Russian Imperial order, but the White Move ment continued to award St George crosses and medals within its armies until 1922. Moreover, the St George ribbons became part of new awards created for these armies. In Soviet Russia the symbolism of the Order of St George was not in official use before the Second World War. During the hardest years of the war the St George ribbon, which had become a symbol of military courage and glory over the long years of its existence, was attached to the Order of Glory and the medal ‘For Victory over Germany’. It became a sign of distinction for guard regiments. By Decree of the Presidium of the Russian Federation Supreme Council, dated 2 March 1992, the Order of St George was revived as the highest military honour and the Cross of St George as a mili tary decoration. The Statute of the Order and the Provision on the Cross were adopted on 8 August 2000. On 12 August 2008 these documents were amended and the first awards were presented. On 2 March 1994 a Presidential Degree created a Decoration for Im peccable Service for military personnel. The tradition of the use of the St George ribbon in the ribbon bars of decorations and an niversary medals awarded in the Russian Federation was restored. The exhibition dedicated to the anniversary of the Order inclu des over 400 items from the State Hermitage collection, which make it possible to trace the history of
the Order from the moment of its creation to the present day. It features Order insignia and la pel badges, medals, Order Statutes, St George Swords, banners as well as works of pictorial, graphic, photographic and sculptural portraits of Knight of the Order of St George, illustrations of events from Russian history, depictions of Order regiment uniforms, ma terials related to Order celebrations, various printed publications, as well as phaleristic, numismatic and sphragistic items and works of applied art using the symbols of the Order. The exhibition is housed in one of the main halls of the Winter Palace, St George’s Hall, which has direct ties to this award.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ М. Б. Пиотровский СВЯТОЙ ГЕОРГИЙ - ПОБЕДОНОСНЫЙ ОБЪЕДИНИТЕЛЬ. η СТАТУТЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ И ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АКТЫ. 151 Л. И. Добровольская
ДОКУМЕНТЫ.165 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ. ИСТОРИЯ ДЛИНОЮ В 250 ЛЕТ. 9 Л. И. Добровольская, А. М. Лукьянчикова НАГРАДНОЕ ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЕ
ОРУЖИЕ.169 ИКОНОПИСЬ . 175 ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРАЗДНИКА ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ.33 ЖИВОПИСЬ.187
КАТАЛОГ.55 СКУЛЬПТУРА.205 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ВЕЛИКОМУЧЕНИКА И ПОБЕДОНОСЦА ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ
ИМПЕРИИ. 57 Знаки ордена.57 Звезды
ордена.65 Ленты ордена.67 Орденские
колодки. 68
Миниатюрные знаки ордена и орденские колодки. 70 Золотые знаки для ношения в петлице на георгиевской ленте.74 Знаки отличия Военного ордена для солдат и унтер-офицеров.77 Знаки отличия беспорочной
службы.92 МЕДАЛИ РОССИИ ДО ОКТЯБРЬСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ.95 Медали XVIII века, носимые на георгиевской ленте. 95 Медали XIX - начала XX века, носимые на георгиевской и соединенных
лентах. 98 Медали «За храбрость». 107 Медали на учреждение и юбилеи ордена.113
РИСУНОК.213 ПЕЧАТНАЯ ГРАФИКА. 223
ФОТОМАТЕРИАЛЫ. 263 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ.273 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ФАРФОРА И СТЕКЛА. 277
ТЕКСТИЛЬ. 291 АКСЕССУАРЫ.299 ПРЕДМЕТЫ
БОНИСТИКИ. 305 ПЕЧАТНЫЕ ИЗДАНИЯ. 311 ИНЫЕ СФРАГИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ФАЛЕРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ
ПАМЯТНИКИ.119 Списки кавалеров ордена. 311 Орденские
праздники. 316 Иные печатные издания. 321 НАГРАДЫ БЕЛОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ, НОСИВШИЕСЯ НА ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЙ И СОЕДИНЕННЫХ
ЛЕНТАХ. 127 ПРИНЯТЫЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ. 333 ЭМБЛЕМЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В ВОЕННОЙ СИМВОЛИКЕ ХХ-ХХІ ВЕКОВ.131 Российская
империя.131 Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.134 Российская Федерация. 139
ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. 143 Знаки ордена. 143 Звезды
ордена.145 Орденские планки.146 Знак отличия - Георгиевский Крест.147 Знак отличия «За безупречную службу» для военных. 149 Библиография.333 Прочие сокращения.339 SUMMARY. 341
SUMMARY St George’s Day (26 November Old Style) has been the main day as army officer or eighteen six-month sea voyages in times of war of celebration of the Russian armed forces since 1769. This was (after 1833 also for twenty six-month sea voyages in times of peace). the day marking the creation, 250 years ago, of the first (and only) The Order insignia were meant to be worn at all times as they were order in the Russian Empire history awarded exclusively for mili won by merit. tary merit. The award of the Order of any degree carried with it the right Catherine the Great had the idea of establishing a purely mili of hereditary noble rank and a number of other privileges. The award of the highest degree of the Order was an extre tary award soon after she ascended the Russian throne. The first mely rare event, and over 150 years of the existence of the Order design of an order that was meant for field and company officers as well as for generals was developed in 1763 (or in 1765, accord of St George in the Russian Empire, only twenty-five people were ing to other evidence) by General-in-Chief Count Zachary Cher the recipients of the Order first class, eight of them foreigners. Nine nyshev, but it did not gain the Imperial approval. However, some men received the award during the reign of Catherine the Great years later, the idea of the institution of the order was revisited, (including Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky and Prince Grigory Potemkin-Taurichesky). Six Knights of the Order of St George first and Chernyshev’s design was used as a template. The first Order
Statute, dated to 23 November 1769, consisted class were the celebrated military leaders of the Napoleonic War of of twenty articles. On 26 November of the same year, on the day 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army in 1813-1815 of St George, one of the most venerated saints in Russia, Catherine (including His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Golenishchev-Kuthe Great solemnly conferred on herself the insignia of the new Or tuzov Smolensky and Field Marshal General Prince Mikhail Bar der, which became known as the ‘Military Order of the Holy Mar clay de Tolly). By Decree of 1782, the Order Duma was established for mana tyr St George the Victorious’. This day became the festival of all the ging the affairs of the Order and opened in April 1783 in the Chesme Knights of the Order of St George. The Order was divided into four classes (degrees), which made Palace. The same place in the outskirts of St Petersburg was cho sen for the construction and dedication to the Order of St George it more democratic than the other existing orders. The sign of the Order was a gold Greek cross made of white enamel with the cen of the Church of the Birth of St John the Baptist (the Chesme tral medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback slay Church). Under Alexander I the meetings of the Order Duma were ing the dragon. The first-degree Order was worn on the left hip moved to St George’s Hall of the Winter Palace. On 13 February 1807, Alexander I signed ‘the Imperial Com on a wide over-the-shoulder ribbon consisting of three black and two yellow stripes. The second-
and third-degree insignia, which mand to Institute a Special Decoration under the Military were different in size, were worn around the neck, and the fourth- Order’ which was attached to the Military Order of the Holy Mar degree Order was worn in the buttonhole. The gold four-pointed tyr St George the Victorious. This was the birth of the ‘soldier’s star bearing the motto of the Order ‘For Service and Bravery’ at St George’, a token of undying gloiy for years to come. The award the centre came with the first- and second-degree crosses and was was intended for lower-ranking soldiers and privates who showed worn on the left breast of the uniform. Before 1854 the stars of the ‘undaunted courage in the field of battle, during the defence Order of St George issued by the Chapter (the administrative body of fortifications or at sea’. The decoration was a silver cross with in charge of order ceremonies) were sewn on, and afterwards they a central circular medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback on the obverse and the monogram of the saint on the were made of metal. According to the Statute, the Order of St George was a reward reverse. It was meant to be worn on a St George ribbon in the but for specific military exploits. It was specially noted that ‘neither tonhole and never taken off. The number of persons who could high birth nor wounds sustained from the enemy’ constituted be awarded the decoration was unlimited, but a certain number grounds for the award. The lower, fourth degree, could, before of decorations were allocated to each military detachment which
1855, be awarded for a long service: twenty-five years of service took part in a battle. Some benefits were awarded to the recipients, 341
SUMMARY such as a bonus allowance, exemption from corporal punishment, etc. The decorations were produced at the St Petersburg Mint. Pursuant to an Imperial decree, the Chapter of the Order compiled lists of the lower-ranking recipients of the award, stating the num ber and date of award. This means that we have extant information about the heroes of those times and their deeds. In 1833 a new Statute of the Order of St George was estab lished. It had a wider and more detailed list of merits for which the Order could be awarded. The new Statute also included articles on the Decoration. There were some military awards associated with the Order. These were golden crosses worn on St George ribbons presented to the participants of the storming of Ochakov (1788), Izmail (1790), Prague (1794), the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau (1807) and the taking of Bazardjik (1810). After 1807 the officers and generals presented with Golden Swords for Bravery (since 1913 the St George Swords) were counted equal to the Knights of the Order of St George. In 1827 the Decoration for Impeccable Service was established for military men, stating the length of service and worn on a St George ribbon. The St George ribbon was also attached to a ribbon used to wear a number of military awards for participation on various campaigns. The Medal for Bravery was also worn on a St George ribbon; in 1913, it was ‘associated with the Order’ and became known as the St George Medal. Apart from individual awards, there were also collective St George awards presented to military units which distinguished themselves on
a field of battle: banners, standards, flags, bugles, horns and buttonholes for lower-rank collars. After the October Revolution the Order of St George was aboli shed alongside other Russian Imperial order, but the White Move ment continued to award St George crosses and medals within its armies until 1922. Moreover, the St George ribbons became part of new awards created for these armies. In Soviet Russia the symbolism of the Order of St George was not in official use before the Second World War. During the hardest years of the war the St George ribbon, which had become a symbol of military courage and glory over the long years of its existence, was attached to the Order of Glory and the medal ‘For Victory over Germany’. It became a sign of distinction for guard regiments. By Decree of the Presidium of the Russian Federation Supreme Council, dated 2 March 1992, the Order of St George was revived as the highest military honour and the Cross of St George as a mili tary decoration. The Statute of the Order and the Provision on the Cross were adopted on 8 August 2000. On 12 August 2008 these documents were amended and the first awards were presented. On 2 March 1994 a Presidential Degree created a Decoration for Im peccable Service for military personnel. The tradition of the use of the St George ribbon in the ribbon bars of decorations and an niversary medals awarded in the Russian Federation was restored. The exhibition dedicated to the anniversary of the Order inclu des over 400 items from the State Hermitage collection, which make it possible to trace the history of
the Order from the moment of its creation to the present day. It features Order insignia and la pel badges, medals, Order Statutes, St George Swords, banners as well as works of pictorial, graphic, photographic and sculptural portraits of Knight of the Order of St George, illustrations of events from Russian history, depictions of Order regiment uniforms, ma terials related to Order celebrations, various printed publications, as well as phaleristic, numismatic and sphragistic items and works of applied art using the symbols of the Order. The exhibition is housed in one of the main halls of the Winter Palace, St George’s Hall, which has direct ties to this award. |
| adam_txt |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ М. Б. Пиотровский СВЯТОЙ ГЕОРГИЙ - ПОБЕДОНОСНЫЙ ОБЪЕДИНИТЕЛЬ. η СТАТУТЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ И ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АКТЫ. 151 Л. И. Добровольская
ДОКУМЕНТЫ.165 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ. ИСТОРИЯ ДЛИНОЮ В 250 ЛЕТ. 9 Л. И. Добровольская, А. М. Лукьянчикова НАГРАДНОЕ ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЕ
ОРУЖИЕ.169 ИКОНОПИСЬ . 175 ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРАЗДНИКА ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ.33 ЖИВОПИСЬ.187
КАТАЛОГ.55 СКУЛЬПТУРА.205 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ВЕЛИКОМУЧЕНИКА И ПОБЕДОНОСЦА ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ
ИМПЕРИИ. 57 Знаки ордена.57 Звезды
ордена.65 Ленты ордена.67 Орденские
колодки. 68
Миниатюрные знаки ордена и орденские колодки. 70 Золотые знаки для ношения в петлице на георгиевской ленте.74 Знаки отличия Военного ордена для солдат и унтер-офицеров.77 Знаки отличия беспорочной
службы.92 МЕДАЛИ РОССИИ ДО ОКТЯБРЬСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ.95 Медали XVIII века, носимые на георгиевской ленте. 95 Медали XIX - начала XX века, носимые на георгиевской и соединенных
лентах. 98 Медали «За храбрость». 107 Медали на учреждение и юбилеи ордена.113
РИСУНОК.213 ПЕЧАТНАЯ ГРАФИКА. 223
ФОТОМАТЕРИАЛЫ. 263 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ.273 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ФАРФОРА И СТЕКЛА. 277
ТЕКСТИЛЬ. 291 АКСЕССУАРЫ.299 ПРЕДМЕТЫ
БОНИСТИКИ. 305 ПЕЧАТНЫЕ ИЗДАНИЯ. 311 ИНЫЕ СФРАГИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ФАЛЕРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ
ПАМЯТНИКИ.119 Списки кавалеров ордена. 311 Орденские
праздники. 316 Иные печатные издания. 321 НАГРАДЫ БЕЛОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ, НОСИВШИЕСЯ НА ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЙ И СОЕДИНЕННЫХ
ЛЕНТАХ. 127 ПРИНЯТЫЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ. 333 ЭМБЛЕМЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В ВОЕННОЙ СИМВОЛИКЕ ХХ-ХХІ ВЕКОВ.131 Российская
империя.131 Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.134 Российская Федерация. 139
ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. 143 Знаки ордена. 143 Звезды
ордена.145 Орденские планки.146 Знак отличия - Георгиевский Крест.147 Знак отличия «За безупречную службу» для военных. 149 Библиография.333 Прочие сокращения.339 SUMMARY. 341
SUMMARY St George’s Day (26 November Old Style) has been the main day as army officer or eighteen six-month sea voyages in times of war of celebration of the Russian armed forces since 1769. This was (after 1833 also for twenty six-month sea voyages in times of peace). the day marking the creation, 250 years ago, of the first (and only) The Order insignia were meant to be worn at all times as they were order in the Russian Empire history awarded exclusively for mili won by merit. tary merit. The award of the Order of any degree carried with it the right Catherine the Great had the idea of establishing a purely mili of hereditary noble rank and a number of other privileges. The award of the highest degree of the Order was an extre tary award soon after she ascended the Russian throne. The first mely rare event, and over 150 years of the existence of the Order design of an order that was meant for field and company officers as well as for generals was developed in 1763 (or in 1765, accord of St George in the Russian Empire, only twenty-five people were ing to other evidence) by General-in-Chief Count Zachary Cher the recipients of the Order first class, eight of them foreigners. Nine nyshev, but it did not gain the Imperial approval. However, some men received the award during the reign of Catherine the Great years later, the idea of the institution of the order was revisited, (including Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky and Prince Grigory Potemkin-Taurichesky). Six Knights of the Order of St George first and Chernyshev’s design was used as a template. The first Order
Statute, dated to 23 November 1769, consisted class were the celebrated military leaders of the Napoleonic War of of twenty articles. On 26 November of the same year, on the day 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army in 1813-1815 of St George, one of the most venerated saints in Russia, Catherine (including His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Golenishchev-Kuthe Great solemnly conferred on herself the insignia of the new Or tuzov Smolensky and Field Marshal General Prince Mikhail Bar der, which became known as the ‘Military Order of the Holy Mar clay de Tolly). By Decree of 1782, the Order Duma was established for mana tyr St George the Victorious’. This day became the festival of all the ging the affairs of the Order and opened in April 1783 in the Chesme Knights of the Order of St George. The Order was divided into four classes (degrees), which made Palace. The same place in the outskirts of St Petersburg was cho sen for the construction and dedication to the Order of St George it more democratic than the other existing orders. The sign of the Order was a gold Greek cross made of white enamel with the cen of the Church of the Birth of St John the Baptist (the Chesme tral medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback slay Church). Under Alexander I the meetings of the Order Duma were ing the dragon. The first-degree Order was worn on the left hip moved to St George’s Hall of the Winter Palace. On 13 February 1807, Alexander I signed ‘the Imperial Com on a wide over-the-shoulder ribbon consisting of three black and two yellow stripes. The second-
and third-degree insignia, which mand to Institute a Special Decoration under the Military were different in size, were worn around the neck, and the fourth- Order’ which was attached to the Military Order of the Holy Mar degree Order was worn in the buttonhole. The gold four-pointed tyr St George the Victorious. This was the birth of the ‘soldier’s star bearing the motto of the Order ‘For Service and Bravery’ at St George’, a token of undying gloiy for years to come. The award the centre came with the first- and second-degree crosses and was was intended for lower-ranking soldiers and privates who showed worn on the left breast of the uniform. Before 1854 the stars of the ‘undaunted courage in the field of battle, during the defence Order of St George issued by the Chapter (the administrative body of fortifications or at sea’. The decoration was a silver cross with in charge of order ceremonies) were sewn on, and afterwards they a central circular medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback on the obverse and the monogram of the saint on the were made of metal. According to the Statute, the Order of St George was a reward reverse. It was meant to be worn on a St George ribbon in the but for specific military exploits. It was specially noted that ‘neither tonhole and never taken off. The number of persons who could high birth nor wounds sustained from the enemy’ constituted be awarded the decoration was unlimited, but a certain number grounds for the award. The lower, fourth degree, could, before of decorations were allocated to each military detachment which
1855, be awarded for a long service: twenty-five years of service took part in a battle. Some benefits were awarded to the recipients, 341
SUMMARY such as a bonus allowance, exemption from corporal punishment, etc. The decorations were produced at the St Petersburg Mint. Pursuant to an Imperial decree, the Chapter of the Order compiled lists of the lower-ranking recipients of the award, stating the num ber and date of award. This means that we have extant information about the heroes of those times and their deeds. In 1833 a new Statute of the Order of St George was estab lished. It had a wider and more detailed list of merits for which the Order could be awarded. The new Statute also included articles on the Decoration. There were some military awards associated with the Order. These were golden crosses worn on St George ribbons presented to the participants of the storming of Ochakov (1788), Izmail (1790), Prague (1794), the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau (1807) and the taking of Bazardjik (1810). After 1807 the officers and generals presented with Golden Swords for Bravery (since 1913 the St George Swords) were counted equal to the Knights of the Order of St George. In 1827 the Decoration for Impeccable Service was established for military men, stating the length of service and worn on a St George ribbon. The St George ribbon was also attached to a ribbon used to wear a number of military awards for participation on various campaigns. The Medal for Bravery was also worn on a St George ribbon; in 1913, it was ‘associated with the Order’ and became known as the St George Medal. Apart from individual awards, there were also collective St George awards presented to military units which distinguished themselves on
a field of battle: banners, standards, flags, bugles, horns and buttonholes for lower-rank collars. After the October Revolution the Order of St George was aboli shed alongside other Russian Imperial order, but the White Move ment continued to award St George crosses and medals within its armies until 1922. Moreover, the St George ribbons became part of new awards created for these armies. In Soviet Russia the symbolism of the Order of St George was not in official use before the Second World War. During the hardest years of the war the St George ribbon, which had become a symbol of military courage and glory over the long years of its existence, was attached to the Order of Glory and the medal ‘For Victory over Germany’. It became a sign of distinction for guard regiments. By Decree of the Presidium of the Russian Federation Supreme Council, dated 2 March 1992, the Order of St George was revived as the highest military honour and the Cross of St George as a mili tary decoration. The Statute of the Order and the Provision on the Cross were adopted on 8 August 2000. On 12 August 2008 these documents were amended and the first awards were presented. On 2 March 1994 a Presidential Degree created a Decoration for Im peccable Service for military personnel. The tradition of the use of the St George ribbon in the ribbon bars of decorations and an niversary medals awarded in the Russian Federation was restored. The exhibition dedicated to the anniversary of the Order inclu des over 400 items from the State Hermitage collection, which make it possible to trace the history of
the Order from the moment of its creation to the present day. It features Order insignia and la pel badges, medals, Order Statutes, St George Swords, banners as well as works of pictorial, graphic, photographic and sculptural portraits of Knight of the Order of St George, illustrations of events from Russian history, depictions of Order regiment uniforms, ma terials related to Order celebrations, various printed publications, as well as phaleristic, numismatic and sphragistic items and works of applied art using the symbols of the Order. The exhibition is housed in one of the main halls of the Winter Palace, St George’s Hall, which has direct ties to this award.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ М. Б. Пиотровский СВЯТОЙ ГЕОРГИЙ - ПОБЕДОНОСНЫЙ ОБЪЕДИНИТЕЛЬ. η СТАТУТЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ И ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АКТЫ. 151 Л. И. Добровольская
ДОКУМЕНТЫ.165 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ. ИСТОРИЯ ДЛИНОЮ В 250 ЛЕТ. 9 Л. И. Добровольская, А. М. Лукьянчикова НАГРАДНОЕ ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЕ
ОРУЖИЕ.169 ИКОНОПИСЬ . 175 ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРАЗДНИКА ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ.33 ЖИВОПИСЬ.187
КАТАЛОГ.55 СКУЛЬПТУРА.205 ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ВЕЛИКОМУЧЕНИКА И ПОБЕДОНОСЦА ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ
ИМПЕРИИ. 57 Знаки ордена.57 Звезды
ордена.65 Ленты ордена.67 Орденские
колодки. 68
Миниатюрные знаки ордена и орденские колодки. 70 Золотые знаки для ношения в петлице на георгиевской ленте.74 Знаки отличия Военного ордена для солдат и унтер-офицеров.77 Знаки отличия беспорочной
службы.92 МЕДАЛИ РОССИИ ДО ОКТЯБРЬСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ.95 Медали XVIII века, носимые на георгиевской ленте. 95 Медали XIX - начала XX века, носимые на георгиевской и соединенных
лентах. 98 Медали «За храбрость». 107 Медали на учреждение и юбилеи ордена.113
РИСУНОК.213 ПЕЧАТНАЯ ГРАФИКА. 223
ФОТОМАТЕРИАЛЫ. 263 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ.273 ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ФАРФОРА И СТЕКЛА. 277
ТЕКСТИЛЬ. 291 АКСЕССУАРЫ.299 ПРЕДМЕТЫ
БОНИСТИКИ. 305 ПЕЧАТНЫЕ ИЗДАНИЯ. 311 ИНЫЕ СФРАГИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ФАЛЕРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ
ПАМЯТНИКИ.119 Списки кавалеров ордена. 311 Орденские
праздники. 316 Иные печатные издания. 321 НАГРАДЫ БЕЛОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ, НОСИВШИЕСЯ НА ГЕОРГИЕВСКОЙ И СОЕДИНЕННЫХ
ЛЕНТАХ. 127 ПРИНЯТЫЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ. 333 ЭМБЛЕМЫ ОРДЕНА СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В ВОЕННОЙ СИМВОЛИКЕ ХХ-ХХІ ВЕКОВ.131 Российская
империя.131 Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.134 Российская Федерация. 139
ОРДЕН СВЯТОГО ГЕОРГИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. 143 Знаки ордена. 143 Звезды
ордена.145 Орденские планки.146 Знак отличия - Георгиевский Крест.147 Знак отличия «За безупречную службу» для военных. 149 Библиография.333 Прочие сокращения.339 SUMMARY. 341
SUMMARY St George’s Day (26 November Old Style) has been the main day as army officer or eighteen six-month sea voyages in times of war of celebration of the Russian armed forces since 1769. This was (after 1833 also for twenty six-month sea voyages in times of peace). the day marking the creation, 250 years ago, of the first (and only) The Order insignia were meant to be worn at all times as they were order in the Russian Empire history awarded exclusively for mili won by merit. tary merit. The award of the Order of any degree carried with it the right Catherine the Great had the idea of establishing a purely mili of hereditary noble rank and a number of other privileges. The award of the highest degree of the Order was an extre tary award soon after she ascended the Russian throne. The first mely rare event, and over 150 years of the existence of the Order design of an order that was meant for field and company officers as well as for generals was developed in 1763 (or in 1765, accord of St George in the Russian Empire, only twenty-five people were ing to other evidence) by General-in-Chief Count Zachary Cher the recipients of the Order first class, eight of them foreigners. Nine nyshev, but it did not gain the Imperial approval. However, some men received the award during the reign of Catherine the Great years later, the idea of the institution of the order was revisited, (including Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky and Prince Grigory Potemkin-Taurichesky). Six Knights of the Order of St George first and Chernyshev’s design was used as a template. The first Order
Statute, dated to 23 November 1769, consisted class were the celebrated military leaders of the Napoleonic War of of twenty articles. On 26 November of the same year, on the day 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army in 1813-1815 of St George, one of the most venerated saints in Russia, Catherine (including His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Golenishchev-Kuthe Great solemnly conferred on herself the insignia of the new Or tuzov Smolensky and Field Marshal General Prince Mikhail Bar der, which became known as the ‘Military Order of the Holy Mar clay de Tolly). By Decree of 1782, the Order Duma was established for mana tyr St George the Victorious’. This day became the festival of all the ging the affairs of the Order and opened in April 1783 in the Chesme Knights of the Order of St George. The Order was divided into four classes (degrees), which made Palace. The same place in the outskirts of St Petersburg was cho sen for the construction and dedication to the Order of St George it more democratic than the other existing orders. The sign of the Order was a gold Greek cross made of white enamel with the cen of the Church of the Birth of St John the Baptist (the Chesme tral medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback slay Church). Under Alexander I the meetings of the Order Duma were ing the dragon. The first-degree Order was worn on the left hip moved to St George’s Hall of the Winter Palace. On 13 February 1807, Alexander I signed ‘the Imperial Com on a wide over-the-shoulder ribbon consisting of three black and two yellow stripes. The second-
and third-degree insignia, which mand to Institute a Special Decoration under the Military were different in size, were worn around the neck, and the fourth- Order’ which was attached to the Military Order of the Holy Mar degree Order was worn in the buttonhole. The gold four-pointed tyr St George the Victorious. This was the birth of the ‘soldier’s star bearing the motto of the Order ‘For Service and Bravery’ at St George’, a token of undying gloiy for years to come. The award the centre came with the first- and second-degree crosses and was was intended for lower-ranking soldiers and privates who showed worn on the left breast of the uniform. Before 1854 the stars of the ‘undaunted courage in the field of battle, during the defence Order of St George issued by the Chapter (the administrative body of fortifications or at sea’. The decoration was a silver cross with in charge of order ceremonies) were sewn on, and afterwards they a central circular medallion bearing the image of St George on horseback on the obverse and the monogram of the saint on the were made of metal. According to the Statute, the Order of St George was a reward reverse. It was meant to be worn on a St George ribbon in the but for specific military exploits. It was specially noted that ‘neither tonhole and never taken off. The number of persons who could high birth nor wounds sustained from the enemy’ constituted be awarded the decoration was unlimited, but a certain number grounds for the award. The lower, fourth degree, could, before of decorations were allocated to each military detachment which
1855, be awarded for a long service: twenty-five years of service took part in a battle. Some benefits were awarded to the recipients, 341
SUMMARY such as a bonus allowance, exemption from corporal punishment, etc. The decorations were produced at the St Petersburg Mint. Pursuant to an Imperial decree, the Chapter of the Order compiled lists of the lower-ranking recipients of the award, stating the num ber and date of award. This means that we have extant information about the heroes of those times and their deeds. In 1833 a new Statute of the Order of St George was estab lished. It had a wider and more detailed list of merits for which the Order could be awarded. The new Statute also included articles on the Decoration. There were some military awards associated with the Order. These were golden crosses worn on St George ribbons presented to the participants of the storming of Ochakov (1788), Izmail (1790), Prague (1794), the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau (1807) and the taking of Bazardjik (1810). After 1807 the officers and generals presented with Golden Swords for Bravery (since 1913 the St George Swords) were counted equal to the Knights of the Order of St George. In 1827 the Decoration for Impeccable Service was established for military men, stating the length of service and worn on a St George ribbon. The St George ribbon was also attached to a ribbon used to wear a number of military awards for participation on various campaigns. The Medal for Bravery was also worn on a St George ribbon; in 1913, it was ‘associated with the Order’ and became known as the St George Medal. Apart from individual awards, there were also collective St George awards presented to military units which distinguished themselves on
a field of battle: banners, standards, flags, bugles, horns and buttonholes for lower-rank collars. After the October Revolution the Order of St George was aboli shed alongside other Russian Imperial order, but the White Move ment continued to award St George crosses and medals within its armies until 1922. Moreover, the St George ribbons became part of new awards created for these armies. In Soviet Russia the symbolism of the Order of St George was not in official use before the Second World War. During the hardest years of the war the St George ribbon, which had become a symbol of military courage and glory over the long years of its existence, was attached to the Order of Glory and the medal ‘For Victory over Germany’. It became a sign of distinction for guard regiments. By Decree of the Presidium of the Russian Federation Supreme Council, dated 2 March 1992, the Order of St George was revived as the highest military honour and the Cross of St George as a mili tary decoration. The Statute of the Order and the Provision on the Cross were adopted on 8 August 2000. On 12 August 2008 these documents were amended and the first awards were presented. On 2 March 1994 a Presidential Degree created a Decoration for Im peccable Service for military personnel. The tradition of the use of the St George ribbon in the ribbon bars of decorations and an niversary medals awarded in the Russian Federation was restored. The exhibition dedicated to the anniversary of the Order inclu des over 400 items from the State Hermitage collection, which make it possible to trace the history of
the Order from the moment of its creation to the present day. It features Order insignia and la pel badges, medals, Order Statutes, St George Swords, banners as well as works of pictorial, graphic, photographic and sculptural portraits of Knight of the Order of St George, illustrations of events from Russian history, depictions of Order regiment uniforms, ma terials related to Order celebrations, various printed publications, as well as phaleristic, numismatic and sphragistic items and works of applied art using the symbols of the Order. The exhibition is housed in one of the main halls of the Winter Palace, St George’s Hall, which has direct ties to this award. |
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| author | Dobrovolʹskaja, Lidija I. |
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| author_facet | Dobrovolʹskaja, Lidija I. Vilinbachov, Georgij Vadimovič 1949- |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1769-2019 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4135467-9 Ausstellungskatalog 2019-2020 Sankt Petersburg gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Ausstellungskatalog 2019-2020 Sankt Petersburg |
| id | DE-604.BV046987350 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:51:54Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:29:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)2124053-X |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032395279 |
| oclc_num | 1220920064 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 341 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210121 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Izdatelʹstvo Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-03 "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž ; avtory koncepcii: G.V. Vilinbachov, L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja ; avtory statej: L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja, A.M. Lukʹjančikova "For service and bravery" 880-04 Sankt-Peterburg Izdatelʹstvo Gosudarstvennogo Ėrmitaža 2019 341 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Text russisch. Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Kyrillische Schrift Geschichte 1769-2019 gnd rswk-swf Georgsorden Russland (DE-588)4377508-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4135467-9 Ausstellungskatalog 2019-2020 Sankt Petersburg gnd-content Georgsorden Russland (DE-588)4377508-1 s Geschichte 1769-2019 z DE-604 880-01 Vilinbachov, Georgij Vadimovič 1949- (DE-588)103636870 edt 880-02 Dobrovolʹskaja, Lidija I. (DE-588)1057277150 aut Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž (DE-588)2124053-X his Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032395279&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032395279&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032395279&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032395279&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 700-01/(N Вилинбахов, Георгий Вадимович edt 700-02/(N Добровольская, Л. И. aut 245-03/(N "За службу и храбрость" к 250-летию Ордена Святого Георгия : каталог выставки : Государственный Эрмитаж Санкт-Петербург, 4 декабря 2019-3 марта 2020 года Государственный Эрмитаж ; авторы концепции: Г.В. Вилинбахов, Л.И. Добровольская ; авторы статей: Л.И. Добровольская, А.М. Лукьянчикова 264-04/(N Санкт-Петербург Издательство Государственного Эрмитажа 2019 |
| spellingShingle | Dobrovolʹskaja, Lidija I. "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George Georgsorden Russland (DE-588)4377508-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4377508-1 (DE-588)4135467-9 |
| title | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George |
| title_alt | "For service and bravery" |
| title_auth | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George |
| title_exact_search | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George |
| title_exact_search_txtP | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George |
| title_full | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž ; avtory koncepcii: G.V. Vilinbachov, L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja ; avtory statej: L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja, A.M. Lukʹjančikova |
| title_fullStr | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž ; avtory koncepcii: G.V. Vilinbachov, L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja ; avtory statej: L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja, A.M. Lukʹjančikova |
| title_full_unstemmed | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž ; avtory koncepcii: G.V. Vilinbachov, L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja ; avtory statej: L.I. Dobrovolʹskaja, A.M. Lukʹjančikova |
| title_short | "Za službu i chrabrostʹ" |
| title_sort | za sluzbu i chrabrostʹ k 250 letiju ordena svjatogo georgija katalog vystavki gosudarstvennyj ermitaz sankt peterburg 4 dekabrja 2019 3 marta 2020 goda for service and bravery to mark 250 years of the military order of st george |
| title_sub | k 250-letiju Ordena Svjatogo Georgija : katalog vystavki : Gosudarstvennyj Ėrmitaž Sankt-Peterburg, 4 dekabrja 2019-3 marta 2020 goda = "For service and bravery" : to mark 250 years of the Military Order of St. George |
| topic | Georgsorden Russland (DE-588)4377508-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Georgsorden Russland Ausstellungskatalog 2019-2020 Sankt Petersburg |
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