Putin's Russia and the falsification of history: reasserting control over the past
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
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| Beschreibung: | 326 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781350130531 9781350203150 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List of Figures viii Acknowledgments ix List of Acronyms x Introduction 1 1 7 A Geopolitical Meaning of History 2 State Affiliates Manufacturing the “Historical Truth” 43 3 For Victory, For Stalin, For Putin! 83 4 Militant Patriotism 121 5 Monumental Mediocrity 149 6 Hijacking the Holocaust 185 7 Injustice of Historic Proportion 223 Conclusion 251 Notes 263 Bibliography 293 Index 300
Bibliography Russian Government Agencies Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation (oprf.ru) Duma (duma.gov.ru) Federal Archival Agency (archives.ru) Federation Council (council.gov.ru) Government of Russia (government.ru) Head of the Russian Government (premier.gov.ru) Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (mil.ru) Ministry of Enlightenment of the Russian Federation (formerly Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation) (edu.gov.ru) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (mid.ru; facebook.com/MIDRussia) Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (minjust.ru) Moscow Municipality (mos.ru) Kremlin (kremlin.ru) Presidential Library (prlib.ru) Russian State Military Archives (rgarchive.ru) Russian Pro-Government Agencies, News Outlets, Nationalist Organizations, and Online Publications Alexander Pechersky Foundation (pechersky.org; facebook.com/AlexanderPecherskyFoundation) Alley of Russian Glory (alroslav.ru; vk.com/alrosslav) Baikal 24 Besogon TV Bloknot-Novocherkassk.ru Bumaga (paperpaper.ru) Channel One Channel One, Army Magazine (ltvam.ru) Communist Party of Russia, Penza branch office (kprfpenza.ru) The Essence of Time (eot.su) Evpatoria city government (my-evp.ru) Expert Institute of Social Studies (eisr.ru) Federal News Agency (riafan.ru) ForPost (sevastopol.su) Gazeta.ru Gorod TV (gorod-tv.com) Historical Memory Foundation (historyfoundation.ru)
294 Bibliography ľm a Capitalist (yakapitalist.ru) Immortal Regiment Russia (polkrf.ru) Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (ippo.ru/) Inosmi.ru Institute of Foreign Political Studies and Initiatives (invissin.ru) Institute of National Memory (inmrf.ru) Interfax Kostroma Today KudaPiter.ru Lenta.ru Life.ru Moika78.ru Moskva24 (m24.ru) Myslo.ru Nakanune.ru Nevskie Novosti (nevnov.ru) NGS.ru (news.ngs.ru) Night Wolves (nightwolves.ru) NSN, National News Service (nsn.fm) NTV Online812.ru ORT, Russian Public Television Pln-pskov.ru Politnavigator (politnavigator.net) Pravoslavie.ru PrivetSochi.ru ProGorod (pgll.ru) Pskovskaia Gubernia Online (gibernia.prskovregion.org) Pskovskie Novosti (nwpskov.ru) Rambler.ru Realnoe Vremia (realnoevremya.ru) Regnum RIA, Russian Information Agency Rossiia 24 Rossiia One Russian Communist Party (kprf.ru) Russia in Global Affairs Russia Today, RT Russian Military Historical Society, RVIO (rvio.histrf.ru; vk.com/rvio_ru) Russian Historical Society, RIO (historyrussia.org/) Russian Orthodox Church (patriarchia.ru) Russian Realty Russkaia Narodnaia Linia (ruskline.ru) Russkii Mir (russkiymir.ru) Russkii Puls (russianpulse.ru) Sakha Press Sevas.com Smartnews.ru Sputnik (sputniknews.com)
Bibliography Stavropol-Poisk (stavropol-poisk.ru) St. Petersburg TV Channel (topspb.tv) TASS TJoumal.ru Trudovaiia Rossiia (tr.rkrp-rpk.ru) Tsargrad TV (tsargrad.tv) Ulgrad.ru UrallnformBiuro (uralinform.ru) Vechemii Rostov (vechrost.ru) Vesti.ru Vl.ru VTsIOM (wciom.ru) X-Time.Info (archive.li) Youth Army (yunarmy.ru) Zvezda TV (tvzvezda.ru) Independent Organizations, News Agencies, and Online Projects Agora International Human Rights Group The Alexander Yakovlev Democracy Foundation (alexanderyakovlev.org) BBC Russian Service Bessmertnyi Barak (bessmertnybarak.ru) Bloomberg CNN Daily Beast Detali (detail.co.il) Diskurs (discours.io) Dissernet (dissernet.org) Dozhd TV (tvrain.ru) Ekho Moskvy First Channel (ltv.ge) Free Historical Society, VIO (volistob.ru) History of Propaganda (propagandahistory.ru) Immortal Regiment Tomsk (moypolk.ru) The Insider (theins.ru) Isrageo Levada Meduza Memorial (memo.ru; urokiistorii.ru) Open Democracy (opendemocracy.net) Open Media (openmedia.io) Open Russia (openrussia.org) Panoptikon (panoptikon.org) PhD in Russia (phdru.com) Politnavigator (politnavigator.net) PONARS Eurasia 295
296 Bibliography Radio Liberty RAPSI, Russian Agency for Legal and Judicial Information Reuters RFI Ridus (ridus.ru) Segodnia (segodnya.ua) 7x7 (7x7-journal.ra) Snob (snob.ru) SOVA, Center for Information and Analysis Transitions Online (tol.org) Varlamov, Ilya, blog (varlamov.ru) Yeltsin Center (yeltsin.ru) Newspapers and Journals Aftenposten American Historical Review Argumenty i fakty Vie Barents Observer The Chronicle ofHigher Education Comparative Literature Studies Europe-Asia Studies Financial Times Fontanka The Guardian Israel Journal ofForeign Affairs Izvestiia The Jerusalem Post Journal of Cold War Studies The Journal ofPower Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies Kommersant Komsomolskaia Pravda Krasnaia Zvezda Moskovsku Komsomolets Neprikosnovennyi zapas Newsweek The New York Times Nezavisimaia Gazeta Novata Gazeta Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie Novosti (Serbia) Politics and Government Politila Pro et Contra RBK Rolling Stone Rossiiskaia Gazeta
Bibliography 297 Sobesednik Süddeutsche Zeitung Tablet Magazine The Telegraph Time Magazine The Times The Times qf Israel Tiumenskie Izvsetiia Tverskie Vedomosti Vēsma Vzgliad The Wall Street Journal The Washington Post Die Welt Secondary Sources Adler, Nand, Victims qf Soviet Terror: The Story of the Memorial Movement (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 1993). Alexander Pechersky: Proryv v bessmertie, edited by Ilya Vasiliev (Moscow: Vremia, 2013). Alexandrov, Kirill, “Generalitet і ofitserskie kadry vooruzhennykh formirovanii Komiteta osvobozhdeniia narodov Rossii, 1943-1944 gg.” (PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2015). Barnes, Steven A., “Keeping the Past in the Past: The Attack on the Perm 36 Gulag Museum and Russian Historical Memory of Soviet Repression,” in The Future of the Soviet Past: The Politics of History in Putin’s Russia, edited by Anton Weiss-Wendt and Nanei Adler (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2021), in print. Bartman, Christi, Lawfare: Use of the Definition ofAggressive War by the Soviet and Russian Federation Governments (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010). Belata kniga natsizma, edited by Valery Engel (Moscow: Terra, 2013). Boltunova, Ekaterina, “Prostranstvo (ushedshego) geroia: Obraz lidera, istoricheskaia pamiat і memóriáinak traditsiia v Rossii (na primere Yeltsin-tsentra),” Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie 2 (2017): n.p., http://magazines.russ.rU/nlo/2017/2/prostrans tvo-ushedshego-geroya.html. Boym, Svetlana, The Future ofNostalgia (New York: Basic Books, 2001). Clinton, Hillary R.,
Hard Choices (London: Simon Schuster, 2014). Dianina, Katia, “Vozvrashchennoe nasledie: Nikolai II как novodel,” Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie 1 (2018): n.p., http://magazines.russ.rU/nlo/2018/l/vozvrashennoe-nasledie. html. Ehala, Martin, “The Bronze Soldier: Identity Threat and Maintenance in Estonia,” Journal of Baltic Studies 40, no. 1 (2009): 139-58. Engerman, David C., Know Your Enemy: The Rise and Fall ofAmerica’s Soviet Experts (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009). Falsifiers of History (Historical Survey) (Moscow: Foreign Language Publishing House, 1948). Feferman, Kiril, “The Crisis in Ukraine: Attitudes of the Russian and Ukrainian Jewish Communities,” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 9, no. 2 (2015): 227-36.
298 Bibliography Gabowitsch, Mischa, Protest in Putin's Russia (Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity, 2016). Golod v SSSR, 1930-1934 gg./Famine in the USSR, 1930-1934, edited by Vladimir Kozlov (Moscow: Federal Archival Agency of the Russian Federation, 2009). Gudkov, Lev, “1917 god v structure legitimnosti rossiiskoi vlasti,” Neprikosnovennyi zapas 6 (2017): 154-72, http://magazines.rass.rU/nz/2017/6/1917-god-v-strakture-legitimno sti-rossijskoj-vlasti.html. Hirsch, Francine, “The Soviets at Nuremberg: International Law, Propaganda, and the Making of the Postwar Order,” American Historical Review 113, no. 3 (2008): 701-30. Irvin-Erickson, Douglas, “Genocide Discourses: American and Russian Strategic Narratives of Conflict in Iraq and Ukraine,” Politics and Government 5, no. 3 (2017): 130-45. Kasianov, Georgiy, “The ‘Nationalization of History in Ukraine,” in The Convolutions of Historical Politics, edited by Alexei Miller and Maria Lipman (Budapest: CEU Press, 2012), 141-74. Klimenko, Ekaterina, “Building the Nation, Legitimizing the State—My History and Memory of the Russian Revolutions in Contemporary Russia,” Nationalities Papers, https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.105. Koposov, Nikolay, Memory Laws, Memory Wars: The Politics of the Past in Europe and Russia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018). Malinova, Olga, “Tema proshlogo v ritorike prezidentov Rossii,” Pro et Contra 3-4 (MayAugust 2011): 106-22. McFaul, Michael, From Cold War to Hot Peace: An American Ambassador in Putin’s Russia (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018). Medinskii, Vladimir, “Problemy
obiektivnosti v osveshchenii Rossiiskoi istorii vtoroi poloviny XV-XVII w.” (PhD Thesis, Moscow State Social University, 2011). Miller, Alexei, “The Turns of Russian Historical Politics, from Perestroika to 2011,” in The Convolutions of Historical Politics, edited by Alexei Miller and Maria Lipman (Budapest: CEU Press, 2012), 253-78. Montefiore, Simon Sebag, Romanovs, 1613-1918 (London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2017). Naimark, Norman M„ Fires ofHatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001). Norris, Stephen M., “War, Cinema, and the Politics of Memory in Putin 2.0 Culture,” in The Future of the Soviet Past: The Politics ofHistory in Putin’s Russia, edited by Anton Weiss-Wendt and Nanei Adler (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2021), in print. Pakhaliuk, Konstantin, “Istoricheskoe proshloe как osnovanie rossiiskoi politiki: Na primere vystuplenii Vladimira Putina v 2012-2018 gg.,” Politiia 4 (2018): 6-31. Pohan, ‘Istoriomor: Strukturizatsiia pamiati і infrastruktura bespamiatstva,” Neprikosnovennyi zapas 3 (2015): n.p., http://magazines.russ.rU/nz/2015/3/16pp.html. Roberts, Geoffrey, “Stalin, the Pact with Nazi Germany, and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography,” Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 4 (Fall 2002): 93-103. Rousselet, Kathy, “The Church in the Service of the Fatherland,” Europe-Asia Studies 67, no. 1 (2015): 49-67. Russian Federation Council, О protivodeistvii popytkam falsifikatsii istorii narodov v ushćherb interesam Rossii, sborník materialov (March 2013). Sanına, Anna, Patriotic
Education in Contemporary Russia: Sociological Studies in the Making of the Post-Soviet Citizen (Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2017). Satter, David, It Was a Long Time Ago, and It Never Happened Anyway: Russia and the Communist Past (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012).
Bibliography 299 Sieca-Kozłowski, Elisabeth, and Vanessa Voisin, “Interview with Olesya Orienko, in Charge of the International Relations Department at the Historical Memory Foundation in Moscow, conducted in February and October 2011 in Paris,” The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies 12 (2011), https://journals.openedition.o rg/pipss/3895. Sokolov, Nikita, Grigory ludin, and Alexander Rubtsov, Какое proshloe nuzhno budushchemu Rossii (Moscow: VIO, 2017). Stola, Dariusz, “Poland’s Institute of National Remembrance: A Ministry of Memory?” in The Convolutions of Historical Politics, edited by Alexei Miller and Maria Lipman (Budapest: CEU Press, 2012), 45-58. Stone, Dan, The Liberation of the Camps: The End of the Holocaust and Its Aftermath (New Haven, CO: Yale University Press, 2015). Toymentsev, Sergey, “Legal but Criminal: The Failure of the ‘Russian Nuremberg’ and the Paradoxes of Post-Soviet Memory,” Comparative Literature Studies 48, no. 3 (2011): 296-319. Tsyrlina-Spady, Tatyana, and Alan Stoskopf, “Russian History Textbooks in the Putin Era: Heroic Leaders Demand Loyal Citizens,” in Globalisation and Historiography of National Leaders: Symbolic Representations in School Textbooks, edited by Joseph Zajda et al. (Dordrecht: Springer, 2017), 15-33. Vanke, Alexandrina, “Landshafty pamiati: Park Pobedy na Poklonnoi gore v Moskve,” Neprikosnovennyi zapas 3 (2015): n.p., http://magazines.russ.rU/nz/2015/3/15va-pr.ht ml. Weiss-Wendt, Anton, A Rhetorical Crime: Genocide in the Geopolitical Discourse of the Cold War (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University
Press, 2018). Weiss-Wendt, Anton, The Soviet Union and the Gutting of the UN Genocide Convention (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2017). Weiss-Wendt, Anton, and Uğur Ümit Üngör, “Collaboration in Genocide: The Ottoman Empire 1915, the German Occupied Baltic 1941-1944, and Rwanda 1994,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 25, no. 3 (2011): 404-37. Yankovskaia, Galina, “Triumfalnoe vozvrashchenie? Iskusstvo epokhi stalinizma v muzeinykh і gorodskikh praktikakh 2010-kh godov,” Neprikosnovennyi zapas 2 (2017): 51-66, http://magazines.russ.ni/nz/2017/2/triumfalnoe-vozvrasheme.html.
Index Ab Imperio journal 61 Abkhazia 75 Abramov, Mikhail 181 academic freedom 4, 23, 34-40, 240, 255 Academy Awards 6,211-12 .See also Sobibor movie Adamskii, Alexander 148 Adventists 91 Aeroflot 98,237 Afghanistan 23,125, 145, 256. See also Soviet war in Afghanistan Agora human rights group 147,232 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 195 AK-47, 100,112, 126, 134, 174-5 Aksenov, Sergei 57, 78,147,167 Alexander II 72,168,172 Alexanderül 65,168 Alexander Pechersky Foundation 203-4, 206, 210, 218. See also Pechersky, Alexander Alexander Yakovlev Democracy Foundation 46, 240, 257 Alexandrov 171 Alexandrov, Kirill 36-8, 40, 46, 203, 255, 260 Alexeev, Yuri 25, 229 Alexeieva, Liudmila 110,242 Alexy II, Patriarch 72 Alley of Rulers sculpture park 150-1, 157-8 Alley of Russian Glory company 172-4 Allies, wartime 1,10-11, 86, 95, 97,107, 138, 158-60, 194,197, 199, 219, 222 Altai region 139 Altman, Ilya 40,212-14,222 American independence 89 Americans 1,108,140, 204, 219-20 Amsterdam 201 Amur region 164,167 Ananchenko, Alexei 31-2 Andreev, Konstantin 116 Andrei Rublev Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art 62 Andrew, Apostle 129 Ankara 108 the Antarctic 108 Anti-Defamation League 188 Anti-Maidan movement 71, 74, 79, 134-5 antisemitism 32-3, 69-70, 185,190-1, 197-8, 203, 207, 215, 222 Antiterrorism Center 233, 258 Antonescu, Ion 200 Applebaum, Anne 196 Arakcheev, Alexander 21,166, 229-31, 248 archeology 27-8,85 architectural heritage 179-81. See also heritage buildings archives 4,11,18-26, 37-9, 59,114,116, 148, 190, 217, 225, 227-8, 241, 245, 246-7. See also names of individual archives Archives
of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24. See also Russian Academy of Sciences Archives Watch 245 Arctic 123,181, 260 Argentina 212-13 Arkhangelsk 107,110,112 Arkhangelsk Pomor University 36 Arkhipova, Alexandra 106 Armenian genocide 13,41,142, 261 Armenians 41 Armistice Day (November 11) 93 Artizov, Andrei 38 Asia 39 Al-Assad, Bashar 168, 218 Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) 26 Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN) 26
Index Association of the Institutes of History of CIS Countries 14 Astana 15 Astrakhan 163,167, 237 Atatürk 7,257 Atkarsk 151 Atlantic Council 249 Aurora cruiser 141 Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp 6,185, 192,196,199, 201,206,211-13, 215, 218-19, 222. See also the Holocaust; Nazi death camps Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 97, 185, 196-7, 200-1,222 Australia 40,121,196 Austria 27, 213,225 Austrians 27 Axis Powers 57, 232 Azerbaijan 138 Azov Battalion 81 Babitskii, Ivan 80 Bagdasarian, Vardan 31 Baikal region 177 Baker, Andrew 189 Bakhchisarai 167 Baku 138 Balakhna 112 Balbekov, Ruslan 161 ballistic missiles 100,129,163. See also Iskander Baltic Federal University 31,63 Baltic Germans 46 Baltic Navy 64 Baltic States 4, 9,11,13-14,16, 27,186, 191-2,194,197-9, 208,215, 219,223, 256. See also names of individual countries Baltiisk 169 Bandera, Stepan, alleged followers of 37-8,73,197-8 Bandidos biker club 79 banks 66,112,127. See also names of individual banks Baptists 91 Barbara, Martyr 129 Barcelona 108 Barkov, Alexander 118 Barnaul 99,106-7, 234 ЗОЇ Barnes, A. Steven 224 Bastyrkin, Alexander 69,234 Basurin, Eduard 156 Battle of Stalingrad Museum 101,138. See also Stalingrad, Battle of Baturin, Victor 159 Bauska 194 Beckett, Samuel 141 Beevor, Antony 29 Beglov, Alexander 133,143 Beijing 96 Beirut 108 Belarus 101,199,208 Belgorod 64,71 Belgorod State University 52-3 Belgorsk 164,167 Belgrade 108 Belkovskii, Stanislav 83 Bellingcat investigative journalism website 255 Belorussia. See Belarus Belorussians 191 Belov, Sergei 252 Benigni, Roberto 211 Benson, Ivar 214 Beria, Lavrenty
61,73,109,112, 132, 162 Berkut security detachment, Ukrainian 105 Berlin 57,74, 76-7,98-9,108, 130,132, 191,193, 209, 219 Berlin, Battle of (1945) 98-9,101,130-1 Berlin Wall 49 Beslan 150 Beslan school hostage drama (2004) 68, 145 Besogon TV 54. See also Mikhalkov, Nikita Bezborodov, Alexander 68 biker festivals 5, 73, 75-8, 81,101,138. See also Night Wolves biker club; Zaldostanov, Alexander Bishops’ Council 69. See also Russian Orthodox Church Bismarck, Otto von 67 Black Sea 180 blasphemy laws 239 blood libel 69-70. See also antisemitism Bloomfield, Sara 193
302 Bolshevik Revolution 5, 8, ЗО, 67, 77, 86,121,140-1,143-5,152,164, 181,232 Bolsheviks 3, 67, 93,162,165,179 Bolshevism 65 Bonaparte, Napoleon 14,150,175 Boroda, Alexander 69,187-8,190,197, 217 Borodino, Battle of (1812) 139,145 Borodino Bread sculpture (2012) 175 Borovsk 117,179 Bortnikov, Alexander 60-1, 246 Boym, Svetlana 3,119 Branham, William M. 233 Bratislava 200,208 Brazil 96 Brest, defense of (1941) 48, 86 Brexit 96 Brezhnev, Leonid 78, 89,150, 242 Briansk 214,240 BRIC countries 95 Brisbane 196 Britain. See United Kingdom British 107-8,219 British Commonwealth 93 British Holocaust Educational Trust 191 Brodsky, Yuri 72 Bucharest 200 Budapest 34 Budapest ghetto 219. See also the Holocaust Buddhists 91 Buenos Aires 212 Buk missile launcher 131-2 Bulgaria 72,97 Bundestag 238 Buryatia 175 Busarov, Alexander 247 Bush, George W. 90 Butovo mass execution site 71. See also Stalin’s crimes Byzantine Empire 88 Calgary 108 Canada 74,108,194-5 Cannes Film Festival 209 Carley, Michael Jabara 27 Caspian Sea 167 the Caucasus 15. See abo North Caucasus Index Celebration movie (2018) 238 censorship 1, 22, 35,134,232,245 Central Archives of the Russian Defense Ministry 19,23-4, 30 Central Armed Forces Museum 236 Central Asia 15,146 Central Border-Guard Museum of the FSB 60 Central Election Commission 112 Central Europe 188, 253, 259 Central European University 34 Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 64, 74,87, 96-7,101, 185-6,202, 236, 252 Chabad 187-8 Chaika, Yuri 10 Channel One 98,103, 204 Chapaeva, Diana 3 Charter of the Russian Historian, proposed 31-2,259 Chechens 58,147
Chechen Wars 25 Chechnya 15, 23, 74-5,143,146-7, 240 Cheka 60,162,165, 230. See also Dzerzhinsky, Felix; FSB; KGB; NKVD; OGPU Chekhov 133 Cheliabinsk 61,153,167, 235 Cherepovets 133 Chernobyl nuclear disaster (1986) 145 Chersonesos 86,180 Children’s Round Dance fountain 73, 78,176 children with disabilities 125,128 China 26, 33, 95-6,140,175,177, 208, 245, 256, 260 Chita 154 Chizhova, Elena 237 Christianity 56, 64, 69, 85-6,169,180 Christians 52,72 Christian State, Holy Russia fundamentalist organization 142-3 Christ the Savior Cathedral 75 Chubarian, Alexander 10,13-14, 26-8, 30,40, 59,81,118,135,137, 140, 251 Chuev, Sergei 135 Chukovsky, Kornei 176
Index Churchill, Winston 74,119,158-9,161, 204 Church Slavonic language 52 Churkin, Vitaly 192,196 Chuvashia 236 CIA 122 Civic Chamber by the Russian President 32 civic religion 5, 89-93. See also May 9 celebration; Second World War Civil Platform Party 112 Clinton, Bill 67 Clinton, Hillary 86 Code of Offenses against the Peace and Security on Mankind 234 Cohen, Stephen F. 27 Cold War 1-2, 27, 37, 74, 88,100,199, 218, 220,255, 259 colonialism 14-15, 30. See aho decolonization “color revolutions” 8, 20, 68,137, 224. See also Maidan uprsing Commission to Counteract Attempts to Harm Russia’s Interests by Falsifying History (200912) 4, 10-12,14,17, 27, 34, 39, 43, 56, 79, 87, 232 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14-15,18, 32, 36,193, 201, 208 Communism 81, 111, 195, 222 Communist Party 37-8, 46, 65,95,103, 109,111-13, 141,150, 152-6, 158-9, 161,164-5,178, 229 communists 6,103,109,117,122, 141-2, 150-6, 161,164-5,169, 177, 224, 231 computer games 31,101 Concept for Patriotic Education of the Russian Citizens (2003) 123 Concert of Europe (1814-1914) 88 Congress of Intelligentsia (2015) 116-17 Congress of Russian Communities of Crimea 167 Constitution 34,144,150,166, 223, 257 Constitutional Court 117,223 Coronavirus outbreak (2020) 130, 259 Cossacks 29,105,153,166, 172,179 303 Council of Europe 14,18, 33, 95,188, 209-11, 213. See also European Court of Human Rights; European Parliament; European Union courts 38,43,117,190,226-7, 231-6, 240, 246-7 Crimea 3, 5-6, 35, 50, 57, 63, 73-6, 78, 83-4, 86, 101,104,110,123, 126,128, 132, 135,138, 142, 144-7, 150-1,154, 158-61,
167-8,178, 180, 188-9,196, 210, 225, 235, 256 Crimean Tatars 146-7,159-61 Crimean Union of Soviet Officers 159 crimes against humanity 194-5, 212, 218-19,254 criminal prosecution 6,147, 225-9, 231-40,247-9. See also political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code Cuba 201 Cultural Revolution 177. See also Mao Zedong Customs 124-5,240 Czechoslovakia 30, 86,199, 225, 256 Czech Republic 207,213-14,233,255 Dagestan 143,150,165 Dagestanskie Ogni 165 Danilevich, Polina 235 Daudov, Magomed 74 Day of Deliverance and Liberation, Israel (May 9) 197-8, 207, 212, 221 The Death of Stalin movie (2017) 113, 259 decolonization 88. See also colonialism deep people, concept of 7, 111. See also Surkov, Vladislav deep state, concept of 7,261 Dekabrists 67 Denikin, Anton 86 Denmark 52,239 deportations 15, 36, 58, 73,114,146-7, 177. See also Stalins crimes Derevianko, Ekaterina 214 Desiatnichenko, Nikolai 238 de-Stalinization 71,117,119,151,183. See also Stalinism
304 Die Welt 28 Diletant magazine 256 Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry 64 Disney 59,78 Dissernet 80,245 Diukov, Alexander 4, 25,45-6, 79,178, 238 Dmitriev, Igor 103-4 Dmitriev, Yuri 23, 225-9, 248 Dnepr, Battle of ( 1943) 139 Dnepropetrovsk. See Dnipro Dnipro 188 Dobrynin, Konstantin 117 Dolgov, Konstantin 16 Donbass 46, 63, 73,102,104-5,156, 160,172, 177,188-9, 196-7, 201,219 Donetsk 108,150,156,169 Donetsk People’s Republic 75,156 Dorogoi, Igor 72-3, 233-4 DOSAAF 125 Dostoyevsky, Feodor 248 Dozhd TV channel 62,181, 239 Dresden 83 Druon, Maurice 85 Dud, Yuri 246 Dugin, Alexander 71,122 Duma 9,13, 31 -3, 37,43,45-7, 62-3, 74-5,103, 130,140, 142,145, 150, 154, 161,166, 170,176, 189,207-8, 232, 238-40, 245, 252,258. See also Federation Council Duma Culture Committee 142 Duma Education Committee 135 Duma Foreign Relations Committee 43 Duma Legal Committee 10 Dutch People’s Union 201 Dzboev, Mikhail 150 Dzerzhinsky (city) 162 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 6, 50,150,162-5,183 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, Jr. 162-3 Dzhemilev, Mustafa 146,159 Dzhugashvili, Yevgeny 152, 238 Eastern Front 194,215 East Europe 9,12, 14,16-17,19, 27, 44-5, 58, 74,83, 97,108,121, Index 186,188,193-5,199-201, 216-17,219,221,253, 256, 259, 261 East Germany 30 Efremenko, Dmitry 33 Eichmann trial (1961) 203 Eidman, Igor 108 Einstein, Albert 252 Ekaterina II 145 Ekaterinburg 69, 92,143,156, 240-2,244 Elias, Prophet 129 Eliseeva, Natalia 237 Elizabeth 63 Engels, Friedrich 24 Epstein, Mikhail 119 Escape from Sobibor movie (1987) 203,211 Essence of Time nationalist organization 134-5,153,171, 178, 224. See also
Kurginian, Sergei Estonia 108,121,189,192-3,195,199, 201,215, 253 Estonian Institute of Historical Memory 30-1 Estonians 25,46, 225 eternal flame memorial 100,235 Etkind, Alexander 3 Europe 1,9, 14,25,33,44,56,59,61, 67, 74, 88, 97,140, 189,191-4, 196-202, 207-8, 210, 213, 219, 222, 239, 242,246, 259-61 European Court of Human Rights 16, 223, 233 European Institute for Democracy and Cooperation 44 European Jewish Congress 194,198-9, 222 European Parliament 32. See also Council of Europe; European Union Europeans 48,67 European Union 33,97,186,191-2, 194-5, 199-200,213 European University at St. Petersburg 33-4,258 Eurovision 108,210 Evmenov, Nikolai 127
Index exhibitions 56-61, 64-8, 70,96, 111, 114,118,123,125-6,132,177, 181-2,185,187, 193, 195,197, 200-2, 204-6, 208-9, 212-14, 217, 221-4, 230, 236, 242, 248, 261 Expert Institute of Social Research (EISR) 30-1 Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Committed by the GermanFascist Invaders and Their Accomplices in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union (1942-46) 190,211 Extremist Materials list 20, 214, 240, 260. See also Ministry of Justice Ezhov, Nikolai 162, 230 “Falsifiers of History” pamphlet (1948) 1-2,256 Fam, Konstantin 211 family history 100 famine of 1932-33 15, 20,114, 216, 260. See aho Stalin’s crimes Far East 33,40,95,101,133,198 fascism 9,17, 33, 38,49, 57, 73, 79, 83, 89,130, 139-40,154,161, 191-2,194, 201-2,214, 216-21, 224, 236,243, 256 February Revolution 77,140 Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs 137 Federal Agency for the CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) 96,209 Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (Rossmolodezh) 104,124,126 Federal Agency on Culture and Cinematography (Roskino) 209 Federal Archival Agency (Rossarkhiv) 10,12,15, 19-21,25 Federation Council 11-19, 24, 33-4, 39, 54,117,137,141,188,194,208, 242,252. See also Duma 305 Federation Council Analytical Department 13 Federation Council Foreign Affairs Committee 97,208 Federation Council Legal Department 13 Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia 69,187,206 Feigin, Mark 249 Feldmanis, Inesis 191 FIFA 2018 World Cup 141,165, 237 fifth column 37, 79, 93,108,148,165, 224 financial claims against
Russia 11-12, 14,16, 25, 41, 228 Finland 72,227 Finnish occupation of Karelia (194144) 178,227-8 Finns 227-8 First World War 57, 85-6, 88,100,138, 155,174,178 Foreign Agent law (2012) 6, 29, 35, 79, 224, 229, 240-2, 244,249, 254, 256. See also lawmaking; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code Foreign Literature Library 29 Foreign Ministry. See Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy Archives of the Russian Foreign Ministry (AVP MID) 23-4 For Human Rights movement 242 Forty Forties fundamentalist organization 143 Foster, Norman 130 France 7, 32,97,198, 207 Franz Joseph Land 181, 260 Free Historical Society (VIO) 6, 8-9, 34, 53, 67-8,80, 110,149, 183, 244-5, 249, 257 French 107,131,217 FSB 6,13, 21-3, 25, 35-6,43, 58-61, 63, 65,70,75,81,106,116,124-6, 147,161-3,173, 187, 225-6, 230, 239, 243,246-8, 254, 257 FSB Archives 22-3, 225, 227 Fukuyama, Francis 89 Furr, Grover 27
306 Gagarin, Yuri 62,121,150,173. See also Yuri Gagarin Memorial Museum Gaida, Feodor 33 Gainutdinov, Damir 232 Galeotti, Mark 73 Ganapolskii, Matvei 174 Gandlevskii, Sergei 112 Garkusha, Irina 19-20 de Gaulle, Charles 7 Gazprom 66,127,137 Gazprombank 127 Gelman, Marat 183 Geneva 108 Genghis Khan 175. See also Golden Horde genocide 33, 40,46, 72,147,188-9, 200, 213-16, 218-19, 224, 259-6!. See aho UN Genocide Convention geopolitics 3-5, 7-41,44, 56, 65, 70, 86, 93-4,97,102,123-4, 177, 259-60. See abo political technology Georgia 15, 68, 88,150,152,154,188 Georgians 38,225 Gerasimov, Alexander 111 Germans 14,28,63,73,97,102,157, 191,200, 202-3 Germany 27, 36, 74, 86,130,148,195, 205-6,237-8, 243, 246, 261 Gessen, Masha 2 Ghetto Fighters’ House 220. See aho Yad Vashem Museum Giacometti, Alberto 167 Girkin, Igor. See Strelkov, Igor Glazunov, Ilya 151 Global Peace Index 121 “Glorification of Nazism”. See Russian Penal Code: Article 354.1 Gnilorybov, Pavel 149,152, 172 Goebbels, Joseph 58, 236, 238 Golden Horde 66,88,169. See also Genghis Khan Golos election monitor 35 Gorbachev, Mikhail 8, 242, 244 Gori 152 Gorin, Baruch 206 Goskonsert 29 Index Gozman, Leonid 58 Grad multiple rocket launcher 163 Graf, Jürgen 214 the Great Leap Forward 177. See also Mao Zedong Great Northern War (1700-21 ) 125 Great Patriotic War. See Second World War the Great Terror 21-2, 32, 36, 60-1, 71, 117,149,155,164,225,230, 243, 246-7, 253. See also Stalin’s crimes Greece 33, 70,189, 239, 258 Greeks 180 Grenada 150 Grigory Rasputin House Museum 181. See also Rasputin, Grigory G20 meetings 196 Gudkov,
Lev 89,105,150,183 Gulag 6,38,71-3,112,114,116,118, 155, 223-31. See also Stalin’s crimes Gulag History State Museum 116, 118, 181,231,257 Gulag victims 21-2,37,61,71,112-17, 153-5,163,176,216, 223-8, 230-1,243-7, 257 Gumbinnen, Battle of (1914) 139 Gundiaev, Vladimir. See Kirill, Patriarch Gutteres, Antonio 208 Haifa 220 Harley Davidson motorcycle 74 Havana 201 Hellboy movie (2019) 113 Hells Angels biker club 73-5, 79 Helsinki 228 heritage buildings 179-81. See also architectural heritage Hermitage museum 23, 81 Herzen, Alexander 2 Higher School of Economics 33, 35, 68, 121,141 high treason 36-8,63-4,178,203 Hilberg, Raoul 191 Himmler, Heinrich 199 Historical Memory Foundation 4, 25, 45-6, 61, 79, 178,193, 214, 238, 256. See also Diukov, Alexander
Index Historical Perspective Foundation 4, 10,43-4, 58, 79. See also Narochnitskaia, Natalia historical reenactments 5, 56,125,130, 138-9,143-4 History of Motherland Foundation 56, 59-60,210-11,252. See also Mogilevskii, Konstantin history textbooks 5,15-18, 29, 59, 64, 86-8, 95-6,135-7,188, 224, 235, 244, 258-9. See also patriotic education program; schoolchildren; schools; school teachers Hitler, Adolf 1,14, 32, 58, 85-6,113, 116,130-1,139,141,150-1, 220, 234-7, 239, 253, 256 Hollywood 59,113,211,259 the Holocaust 6,14, 21, 32-3, 40, 45, 142,185-222, 246, 259, 261 The Holocaust: Annihilation, Liberation, Rescue traveling exhibition 212-13 Holocaust denial 9,13, 27, 38,185, 188-9, 192-5, 197-8, 207, 216 Holocaust Remembrance Day, International (January 27) 97, 192, 205,211-12, 221 Holocaust studies 214, 217, 253 the Holodomor. See the famine of 1932-33 Homs province 212 Hoss, Rainer 201 House with a Lion museum 180-1 human rights 14,16, 21,110,142, 218, 224, 242 Hunan province 177 Hungarian uprising (1956) 30 Hungary 195,216 hybrid warfare 9, 30,108,221 Iceland 239 icons 66,71,129,254 Ilyin, Ivan 65 Immortal Barracks online project 116, 244 Immortal Regiment parade 5, 60, 72-3, 91-2, 95-6, 98-9,103-9, 116, 118-19,126,130,133, 138-9, 146-7,171, 204, 209, 212 307 Immortal Stalin Regiment parade 109 Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society 70 Information Group on Crimes against the Person (IGSP) 46. See also Diukov, Alexander; Historical Memory Foundation Institute of Foreign Political Studies 256 Institute of Social, Economic, and Political Studies 61 intelligence services 21,
62-3, 65, 67, 97, 164, 251-2, 256 Interfax news agency 136 Intergovernmental Commission on the Protection of State Secrecy 21. See also archives International Association of World War II Museums 96 International Commission for the Advancement of Objective Approaches to Evaluation of Historical Facts (2016) 27 International Committee for the History of the Second World War 96 International Committee of Historical Sciences 26 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) 192,219 International Council of Museums (ICOM) 181 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) 192 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) 216 “internet troll factory” 129 Ionescu, Eugene 141 Iran 195 Iraq 37 Ireland 239 Irkutsk 168 Irkutsk State University 35 Ishim 151 Iskander mobile ballistic missile system 100. See also ballistic missiles Islamic State jihadist organization 27 Islamists. See jihadists Ismail, Battle of (1790) 145
308 Israel 6, 33, 69,108,144,185-7,194-5, 197-8, 201, 203-8, 211-13, 216, 218, 220, 222, 261 Israelis 6,159,194,208, 222 Istorik journal 61 Italy 75,239 Ivan III. See Ivan the Great Ivan IV. See Ivan the Terrible Ivanov 133 Ivanov, Sergei 58-9, 81, 94,104, 254, 260 Ivan the Great 169 Ivan the Terrible 48, 50, 67-8,136, 169-72,183, 224, 236, 256 Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan painting 170-1,256 Izborsk Club 71,122,171. See aho Prokhanov, Alexander Izvestia 157,220 Japan 33, 95, 99-101, 138,140,155 Jehovah’s Witnesses 91 Jerusalem 33,144,186-7,189, 214,222 Jewish Autonomous Republic 198 Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center 187-8, 197, 206-7, 214 Jewish organizations, Russian 186-7, 190,193-4, 197-9, 206, 212-3. See also names of individual organizations Jews 33,45,69-70,91,185-222, 236, 246, 255, 259 jihadists 122,172 Kabardino-Balkaria 150 Kadyrov, Ramzan 74,142-3,147, 240 Kalashnikov, Mikhail 126,174-5,183 Kalashnikov assault rifle. See AK-47 Kalinin, Alexander 142-3 Kalinin, Mikhail 152 Kaliningrad 31, 63-4, 74-5,100,112, 137,139,166-7,169, 234, 237 Kaluga 163,169,179-80,182, 237 Kangeris, Karlis 191 Kant, Immanuel 63-4 Kantor, Iulia 28-9 Kantor, Viacheslav Moshe 198, 217, 222 Karagodin, Denis 22,246-7 Karelia 6,178-9, 225-9, 248 Kartopolov, Andrei 59,129-30 Index Kasamara, Valeria 121 Kaspiisk 165 Katsav, Moshe 186 Katyn, mass execution of Polish ofñcers at (1940) 15-16,46,117-18,136, 229,238 Kaunas, massacre of Jews at (1941) 215. See also the Holocaust Kazakhstan 15 Kazan 66,128,152,236 Keegan, John 29 Kemerovo 104,175 Kemerovo shopping center disaster (2018) 229
Kennedy, John 7-8 Kenzhalieva, Alie 146-7 Kerch Strait 137 KGB 10, 21, 25, 56, 58-60, 63,67, 72-3, 80,83,115,163, 248. See also Cheka; FSB; NKVD; OGPU Khabarovsk 235,239 Khabensky, Konstantin 202,207-9, 211-12,217 Khachaturov, Karen 220 Khaibakh massacre ( 1944) 58 Khanty-Mansi region 91 Khazaria, victory over (965) 256 Khodorkovskii, Mikhail 105 Khoroshevo village 157 Khrushchev, Nikita 151,153,162 Khvyli-Olinter, Andrei 239 Kiev 20, 25, 57, 74,76, 108, 159,169, 188,196, 210 Kievan Rus 73-4, 85-6,169. See aho Moscovite Rus kindergartens 92,101,106,122,132-3. See also patriotic education program; preschool education King’s Cross nationalist organization 142-3 Kirchik, James 218 Kirill, Patriarch 62-6, 68-72, 75, 81,115, 170,173, 239, 251-2 Kirillova, Ksenia 109 Kirov 156,163 Kisilev, Dmitry 111, 137, 238 Klimenko, Ekaterina 68 the Knesset 197,208,213 Knowledge Foundation 30-1
Index Kolchak, Alexander 22,178 Kolomoiskyi, Ihor 188 Kolotovkin, Sergei 103 Koltyrin, Sergei 228-9 Kolyma region 154 Kolyma: The Cradle of Our Fear documentary (2019) 246. See also Dud, Yuri Komi Republic 29 Kommersant 30,48 Kommunarka mass execution site 243. See also Stalin’s crimes Komsomol 46,126,128,141-2, 251 Komsomolskaia Pravda 113 Kondopoga 179 Konev, Ivan 215 Königsberg. See Kaliningrad Konkova, Alexandra. See Sergia, Mother Kononov, Vladislav 57, 59, 92,171,182, 259 Koposov, Nikolay 19, 90,109,189, 232 Korolev 105 Kosachev, Konstantin 97, 208 Kosmodemianskaia, Zoia 51 Kostroma 176 Kotsiubinskii, Daniil 68, 233 Kovalchuk, Andrei 168 Kozlov, Vladimir 10, 20 Krasheninnikova, Veronika 256 Krasnodar 112,158,163,172, 235 Krasnoyarsk 134,237 Krasovskii, Alexei 237-8 Kravtsov, Sergei 258 the Kremlin 3-5, 8, 26, 32,40, 43-4,46, 81,83, 88-90, 94, 108, 110-11, 113, 121, 126,134,141,146-7, 169,181,187-8,197,200, 202, 210, 215, 218-22, 242-3, 246, 249, 251-4, 257, 260-1 Kropachev, Victor 167 Kropotkin 172 Kschessinskaya, Mathilde 142 Kubinka 129, 131-2, 138. See also Patriot military theme park Kuchma, Leonid 158 Kukryniksy 139 Kulikovo, Battle of (1380) 145 Kuraev, Andrei 253 Kurgan region 166 309 Kurginian, Sergei 134-5,153,170-1, 178,224 Kuril Islands 137-8,166 Kurilla, Ivan 80,110,114,168 Kurochkin, Sergei 154 Kursk 163 Kursk, Battle of (1943) 28,101 Kursk submarine disaster (2000) 68,229 Kusa 153-4 Kutaev, Ruslan 147 Kutafin Moscow State Law University 158 Kutuzov, Mikhail 173 Kuzenkov, Pavel 66 Kuzichev, Anatoly 204 Lanovoi, Vasily 103, 212 Lanzmann, Claude 203 Laos
102 Lapenkov, Sergei 103-4,108 The Last Address project 112, 245-6, 249. See also Memorial Latvia 9,14, 45, 63,121,156,186, 189-92,194-5, 199, 215 Latvians 46,191 Lavrov, Sergei 28, 59, 81, 88-9, 95, 97, 140, 192-4,196,199,213,216, 218,222, 260-1 lawmaking 9-11,13-14,16-17,20,31, 35, 55, 62,117,130,145,189, 205-6,210,214-15, 231-42, 249, 253-4, 258, 261. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of law on Archival Matters (2004) 21,36 law on Countering Extremist Activity (2002) 16 law on Days of Military Glory and Memorial Dates ( 1995) 145 law on Protection of Personal Data (2006) 21 Lazar, Beri 187-8,190,197, 217 League of Nations 26 Lemkin, Raphael 20 Lenin, Vladimir 8, 24, 47, 61, 63, 71, 108,141-2,149-50, 152,158, 164-5,169-70,177
310 Leningrad, the siege of 5, 29, 33,45,48, 86, 98,125,138,143-4,182, 206, 222, 237-9. See aho St. Petersburg Leningrad region 138 Lenin Memorial Center at Ulianovsk 177 Let’s Bike project 199 Levada pollster 21 -2, 83,107,109,121, 147,150,170. See also opinion polls Libya 37,129 Lieberman, Avigdor 216 Liege 108 Life is Beautiful movie (1997) 211 Lipetsk 172,237 Lisbon 108 Lisovoi, Nikolai 70 Listov, Mikhail 235 Lithuania 16,25,36,41,72,121,189, 195,199, 204,215-16 Lithuanians 38,46,215 Liubavich. See Chabad Liubertsy 107 Liubimova, Olga 258-9 Liubshin, Ivan 237 Livadia Museum 159-60,168 Livanov, Dmitry 148 Ljubljana 97 local history 126,128,149, 214 Lokomotiv football club 143 Lokot, Alexander 155 Lomanov, Alexander 33 London 108,119 Lubkov, Alexei 68 Lubyanka Square 50,65,114,162,164, 245 Luhansk 73,141-2,156,176 Luhansk People’s Republic 104,177 Lukashevich, Alexander 198 Luxembourg 96 Luzgin, Vladimir 233, 255 Luzhkov, Yuri 159 Maariv 186 Macedonia. See Republic of North Macedonia McFaul, Michael 84, 90 Machinskii, Sergei 92 Index Madrid 108 Magadan 22,112,154,163,234 Maidan uprising (2013-14) 19-20,159, 196 Main Cathedral of the Russian Defense Forces 129-30, 138. See also Patriot military theme park Majdanek State Museum 206 Makarov, Nikolai 27-8 Makhachkala 66,158 Malaysian Airlines Flight 17, downing of (2014) 131,255 Maltsev, Anton 181 Manchester 108 Manchuria 33 Manezh exhibition hall 57, 65, 68 Mannerheim, Karl 178 Mao Zedong 150,177 Mao Zedong House Museum 177 March of the Living 201. See also the Holocaust; Israel Mari El Republic 130,156, 229 Markova, Yulia
206 Marks 209 Marx, Karl 7, 24,150 Marxism 7, 50, 88 Mask of Sorrow monument (1996) 163 Matanzas 201 Matilda movie (2017) 69,113,142-3, 256 Matvienko, Valentína 15, 54,137,141, 208, 251-2 Maus: A Survivor’s Tale (1991) 214 May 9 celebration 5, 34,61, 77, 89-109, 132,138-9, 146,185, 186, 193, 196-7, 200-1,206, 209-10, 233-5, 257,259-60 Medinskii, Vladimir 4-5,19, 26,40, 46-60, 64-5, 69,80-1, 88, 92, 97,102, 111, 113, 118,122, 131, 136,140,142,157-8,169-70, 174,178-9,181-2, 202, 205, 211, 232,238, 242, 245, 251-2, 254-6, 258-9 Medvedev, Dmitry 10-13, 55, 81, 85-7, 91,110,113,124,190,231,246 Medvedev, Sergei 209 Medvezhiegorsk 228-9 Mein Kampf 239. See abo Hitler, Adolf
Index Meisler, Frank 159 Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People 146. See also Dzhemilev, Mustafa Memorial 6, 25, 71,110,113-14,118, 149, 164, 183, 223,225-31, 240-6, 248-9 Memorial Candle monument (2020) 33, 144, 222 memorial days. See also state holidays Constitution Day (December 12) 144 Day in Honor of Internationalist Soldiers (February 15) 145 Day of Incorporation of Crimea (March 18) 144-5 Day of Incorporation of Crimea, Taman, and Kuban into the Russian Empire (April 19) 145 Day of the 1917 October Revolution (November 7) 145 Day of Remembrance and Grief (June 22) 116,177 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Deportation, Crimea (April 18) 146,161 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression (October 30) 146,245 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Radiation Accidents and Disasters (April 26) 145 Day of Russian Parliamentarism (April 27) 145 Day of St. Peter and Fevronia (July 8) 75 Day of Solidarity in the Fight against Terrorism (September 3) 145 Day of the Security Service Official (December 20) 60, 63 Patriotism Day, proposed (August 6) 145 Memorial de la Shoah 217 Memorialization of the Victims of Soviet Political Repression policy framework (2015) 213-14, 224, 231 Mephistopheles bas-relief 179 Merkel, Angela 95 Merridale, Catherine 3 311 Miagkov, Mikhail 28, 53-4, 58-9, 64, 89, 118, 260 Miasnikov, Alexander 66 Middle East 70, 72 Mikhailov, Vladimir 176 Mikhalkov, Nikita 54-5,242, 259 Military Prosecutor General’s Office 247 Military Uniform Museum 157 Millennium of Russia monument (1862) 169-70 Miller, Alexei 33, 81 Milonov, Vitaly 37, 235 Ministry of Agriculture
125 ministry of culture 4,18, 23, 26, 29, 51,57, 59, 80-1,113,124-5, 130-1,145,157, 171, 174-5, 179,182, 203, 227-8, 236, 248, 252, 258-9. See also Medinskii, Vladimir ministry of defense 5,18-20, 22-4, 30, 39, 59,64, 75-6, 81,91,124-33, 138,148, 187, 212, 227-8, 230, 240, 252. See aho Shoigu, Sergei ministry of education and science 1517, 26-7, 35, 38, 52, 54, 59,64, 67-8,81,98,124,126,135-6, 148,157, 243,255, 258. See also Vasilieva, Olga Ministry of Emergency Situations 9,125 Ministry of Energy 125 Ministry of Enlightenment. See Ministry of Education and Science Ministry of Fisheries 125 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4, 9,12, 15-16, 18,23, 39-41,58,64,74, 81, 88-9, 95,97, 108,124, 126, 190-5,199-200, 205-6,212-13, 216,218-19, 221-2,241, 259-60. See also Lavrov, Sergei Ministry of Health 125 Ministry of Justice 20, 22, 70, 214, 240-1,260 Ministry of the Interior 22, 36, 70, 124-6, 230 Ministry of Trade 125 Mironenko, Sergei 25-6,38,50-1,54 Mogilevskii, Konstantin 59-60, 210-11, 252 Moldova 189
312 Molodaia gvardiia nationalist youth organization 119,134, 234 Molotov, Vyacheslav 28 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) 1,10, 30, 32-3, 86, 186, 193, 215, 220, 233, 256, 261 Mongolia 108,161 "monstration” happening 119 Montclair State University 27 Montreal 108 Montreal University 27 monuments Alexander II 168 Alexanderül 168 Alley of Russian Glory 172-4 Authorities in the Service of the People 176 Borodino Bread 175 Brezhnev, Leonid 150 Children’s Round Dance fountain in Volgograd 73, 78,176 Churchill and Roosevelt in London 199 commissioned by RVIO 173-5 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 50,150,162-5, 183 First World War 57 Gagarin, Yuri 150,173 Genghis Khan 175 Gorbachev, Mikhail 158 the Holocaust 186,189-90, 200, 203, 208 Ivan the Great 169 Ivan the Terrible 169-72, 183, 256 Kalashnikov, Mikhail 174-5,183 Kalinin, Mikhail 152 Kant, Immanuel 63-4 at Katyn 117-18 Kolchak, Alexander 178 Konev, Ivan 215 Kutuzov, Mikhail 173 Lenin, Vladimir 71,141,150,152, 158,165, 169, 178 Mannerheim, Karl 178 Marx, Karl 150 Millennium of Russia 169-70 Mozgovoi “Ghost” Alexei 172 Nevsky, Prince Alexander 169,172 and Night Wolves biker club 176-7 Index Nikolai II 155,168, 256, 259 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 152 Panfilovs twenty-eight 50 Paveli 172 Peter the Great 154 Pozharsky, Prince Dmitry 154 Putin, Vladimir 166-8 Putin’s “green men” 128,167-8,183 St. Barbara 175 saints 259 Second World War 9,14,20, 32, 56, 74, 77, 90, 96-7,100,102,125, 134, 147,165,172, 177, 186-7, 193-5,198-9, 207-8, 210, 213, 215, 221-2, 234-7,240 security services 60 siege of Leningrad 144, 222 Slavic Girl’s Farewell 174 Solzhenitsyn,
Alexander 112 Soviet Legacy 163 Stalin, Josef 6,45, 71, 74,112,117, 119,146, 149-62,168,172, 183 victims of Stalin 6,15,71,112-15, 147,154,176,225, 229, 243-5 Vladimir, Prince 169-70,175,183 Waffen SS 192 Yalta Conference 74,158-61,183 Mordovia 107 Morozov, Alexander 7-8 Moscovite Rus 7, 88. See also Kievan Rus Moscow 5-7,23-5, 27-9, 44-6, 50, 57, 60, 62, 65-6, 71, 74-6, 79, 83-4, 90, 93, 96,100-1,103-4, 107-9, 111-16,118-19,128-9, 131, 139, 141, 143-6, 150,152,1579,162, 164,166, 169-70,173-5, 178-9,181, 186-8, 194, 196, 198,200-2, 204, 206-9, 213-15, 220, 228, 231, 236, 239-40, 242-3, 246-7, 256-7, 261 Moscow Helsinki Group 242 Moscow Human Rights Bureau 193 Moscow Patriarchate 62-3,66, 69-70. See also Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate Cultural Council and Humanitarian Project Foundation 66. See also Tikhon, Bishop
Index Moscow Pedagogical State University 31-2,43, 68, 253-4 Moscow Region State University 31 Moscow River 169 Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences 34,258 Moscow State University (MGU) 12,15, 30-1,33,52,66,253 Moscow State University of International Relations (MGIMO) 35, 46, 225,253 Moscow theater hostage crisis (2002) 68 Moscow Theological Academy 225 Mosin, Alexei 244 Moskalkova, Tatiana 189 Motherland Calls statue (1967) 234 “Motorola”. See Pavlov, Arseny movies, historical 18,26, 50-1, 59-60, 113,130,136, 140, 142-3, 202-12, 217, 221. See also names of individual movies Mozgovoi “Ghost” Alexei 172 Mtsituridze, Ekaterina 209 Munich Agreement (1938) 1, 86,186 Murmansk 138 Museum of Arctic Exploration 181, 260 Museum of History of the Military Commandant’s Office 60 Museum of the Russian Icon 181 Museum of the USSR, proposed 177 museums 57, 60,62, 64-8, 71-2,74, 87, 96-7, 111, 114, 116,118-19, 125-8,138-9,150-1,153-4, 156-7,159,176-8,180-2, 186-7,190,195-7, 200, 202-6, 214, 220, 223-31, 236-8, 240-4, 248-9, 254, 256, 260. See aho names of individual museums Muslims 91,201,242 Mussolini, Benito 150 Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) 89, 125, 138,173 Narian-Mar 91 Narochnitskaia, Natalia 4,10, 43-4, 58, 79,122 Narodnyi sobor 37 Narusova, Liudmila 54 313 Narva 108 Naryshkin, Sergei 10-11, 21, 56-9,80-1, 95-7, 137, 160, 164, 251-2, 256 Nashi nationalist youth organization 7, 134-5 Natanya 186-7, 207, 222 National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS) 36 National Guard (Rossgvardiia) 133 National Liberation Movement (NOD) nationalist organization 135, 243 national security
program 8,114,126 National World War II Museum 119 NATO 27, 37, 56, 88, 97, 186, 190,200 Navalny, Alexei 75, 81, 234-5, 239, 245 Nazi death camps 6, 98,185,192,196-7, 199-200, 202-6, 208-15, 217, 219-21. See also names of individual camps Nazi Germany 1,5,9-11,14,17,56-8, 70, 73, 76-7, 84-6, 90-2, 94, 978, 100, 102,116, 119, 129-30, 132-3, 138, 140, 143, 149-50, 174,185, 188-95, 198-9, 207, 213,216,219-21,225,233-4, 236-9, 242, 253, 256-7, 259, 261 Nazi mass murder of Jews. See the Holocaust Nazis 4, 9,14, 37, 75,103,108,132,139, 160, 186-7, 189, 198, 202-4, 206-7,210,215, 218-21,239, 246, 253 Nazism 10, 14, 16-18, 25, 32, 55, 58, 83, 94, 96-7,139, 146, 156, 160, 168, 187-91, 193-5,197-8, 201, 206,208,210, 213, 219-20, 222, 231, 233-4, 236, 238, 255, 260 Nazi-Soviet Relations from 1939 to 1941 document collection (1948) 1-2 Nebenzia, Vasily 194 Nechaev, Sergei 209 Neizvestnyi, Ernst 112 Nemes, László 211 Nemtsov, Boris, assassination of (2015) 241 neo-Nazism 14, 57, 192, 195,208, 217 Netanyahu, Benjamin 187, 206-7,212
314 the Netherlands 128, 204-5, 207, 239 Neva River 129 Nevinnomyssk 209 Nevsky, Prince Alexander 47,129,136, 172 Nevzorov, Alexander 121 New Chronology museum, proposed 181 New Orleans 119 New York City 43,192-3,213,221 New York Times 95 Nezavisimaia Gazeta 7 Night Wolves biker club 5, 72-9, 81,101, 132,135,145,171,176-7. See also biker festivals; Zaldostanov, Alexander Nikiforov, Yuri 58,140, 260 Nikolai II 69, 77, 85-6,100,142-3,155, 168,224, 256 Nizhnevartovsk 209 Nizhnii Novgorod 112,181 Nizhnii Tagil 139 NKVD 21 -2,46, 58, 60֊ 1, 73,102,107, 109,112-13,162,165, 225, 230-1, 238, 243-4, 246-8. See also Cheka; FSB; KGB; OGPU NOD. See National Liberation Movement nongovernment organizations 4-6, 35, 43, 217-18, 249. See also names of individual organizations Norman theory 85 North America 26 North Caucasus 6,66,150,242. See also Caucasus North Ossetia 150-1,165 Norway 181,195, 239 Norwegian Holocaust Center 201, 208, 216,261 Novaia Gazeta 38,49, 54,225 November 7 parade, Soviet 105,145 Novgorod 139,169-70 Novocherkassk 152-3 Novodevichii Convent 80-1 Novorossia. See Donbass Novorossiysk 73,166-7, 235 Novosibirsk 22, 63,102,112,119,139, 143,152, 154-5,165,168 Novosti 56 Novosti news agency 93 Index Novyi Urengoi 137, 238 Nowak-Jeziorański, Jan 233 NTV channel 224,253 Nuremberg judgement ( 1946) 10-11,13, 18, 38,188,190-3, 213, 218-19, 232, 234 Nuremberg trial ( 1945-46) 15,17, 38-9, 95,140,160,191,193,199, 203, 213, 215, 219-21, 232, 234, 247 Obama, Barack 90 Obninsk 105 Ob River 153 Odessa, fire at (2014) 209 Ogonek magazine 136 OGPU 60,230-1. See also Cheka; FSB; KGB;
NKVD oligarchs 32, 48,137,222. See also names of individual oligarchs Olma Media Group 48 Olympic Games. See Sochi Winter Olympic Games Omsk 100,236 “On Attempts at Falsification of History” statement (2005) 9 Open Media 128 opinion polls 10,21-2,43, 61, 83,100, 107,109-10,116,121,141, 143-5,147-50, 154-5, 169-70, 223 Oppenheimer, Robert 174 Orange Revolution. See Maidan uprising Orbán, Viktor 34 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 152 Orekh, Anton 110 Orel 100,139,169-71 Orenburg 62 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. See OSCE Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists/ Ukrainian Insurgent Army. See OUN/UPA Orthodox churches and chapels 5, 61-2, 70-1,75,129-30,138, 152, 170, 179-81,195, 225 Orthodox clergy 64, 71, 74-5, 91,107, 114,130, 235, 239,252 Orwell, George 53
Index Oscars nominations. See Academy Awards OSCE 33, 95,189, 191,195, 198-9 Oslo 201, 208, 216, 261 Ostrov 156 Otstavnykh, Valery 62 Ottawa 108 Ottoman Empire 72 OUN/UPA 15,19,45,199, 220 Our Duty Foundation 159 Pacific Ocean 100 Pakhaliuk, Konstantin 252 Pale of Jewish Settlement 67 Palmyra 27 Panchenko, Alexander 233 Panfilov, Ivan 50 Panfilov’s twenty-eight 26, 50-1, 57-8, 129,136 Panfilov’s 28 movie (2016) 51, 57,102 Paris 44, 86, 213, 217 partisans. See Soviet partisans Passover 197 patriotic education 5,44, 48, 58, 60, 65, 81,93, 100,114,121-7, 130, 132,134-5,147-8,172-3,182, 198,209, 249, 251,253, 255-6, 261 patriotic education program 122-6, 147-8,173, 182, 255 Patriot military theme park 5,101,126, 129-32,138,174 Paulus, Friedrich, surrender of (1943) 139 Pavel I 40,172 Pavlenskii, Piotr 247-8 Pavlov “Motorola” Arseny 108 Pavlovskii, Gleb 84 Pechersky, Alexander 6, 202, 207-8, 210-1. See also Alexander Pechersky Foundation Pentecost Church 233 Penza 156 People’s Memorial House Museum of Gulag History 229-31, 248, 257 People’s Memory online project (2015) 24. See also Ministry of Defense Peoples’ Tragedy monument (1996) 186 315 Peres, Shimon 188,190 Perestroika 8, 31, 50,73,110,152, 244 Perm 112,137,209,223,233 Perm 36 Gulag Museum 6, 28, 223-5, 229, 242, 248-9, 257 Permiakov, Igor 19 Persson, Göran 216 Peskov, Dmitry 113,155,241 Peter the Great 154,170 Petropavlovsk fortress 179 Petrov, Alexei 35 Petrov, Nikita 21,25 Petrov, Yuri 68,119 Petrozavodsk 226 Petrozavodsk State University 227 PhD theses 36-8, 40, 46, 51 ֊5, 64, 68, 80, 203, 211, 233, 245, 252, 258
Philippov, Alexander 33 Pianist movie (2002) 211 Piatigorsk 133 Pikhoia, Rudolf 21 Pink Floyd 49 Piotrovsky, Mikhail 23 Pivovar, Efim 40 plagiarism, academic 34, 52-5,158,174, 258 Pobeda low-cost airline 98 Pobeda TV channel 98 pobedobesie 98-9,101-2,118 Podolsk 19 Poklonnaia Hill 97,103,159 Poklonskaia, Natalia 113,142-3,161 Poland 9,12,16, 20, 24-7, 32-3,41, 44, 72,74, 86, 97,117,121, 186, 189,195-7, 199-208,210-11, 215-16, 219, 225-6, 229, 233, 237,239,253, 256 Polanski, Roman 211 Poles 15, 20,45-6,97, 117-18, 136, 140, 144,210,215, 225,233 Polian, Pavel 19, 217 Polish Academy of Sciences 44 “Polish Holocaust law” (2018) 215 Polish Institute of National Remembrance 12, 30-1, 44-5 Polish-Moscovite War (1609-18) 47-9, 125 Polish Parliament 20, 33, 205 "polite people”. See Putin’s “green men”
316 political dissent, suppression of 6,88, 145,232, 258,261. See also criminal prosecution; Russian Penal Code political technology 2-3, 244, 254. See ako geopolitics Polivanova, Alexandra 110 Poltava, Battle of (1709) 145 Ponomarev, Lev 242 Ponomarev, Mikhail 14 Popov, Gavriil 58 Poroshenko, Petro 108,196 Portugal 108 Potomskii, Vadim 170 Potsdam Conference (1945) 56,159-60 Pozharsky, Prince Dmitry 154 Prague 215 preschool education 122, 132-3. See also kindergartens Presidential Administration 6,10, 56, 59, 80,94,104, 161, 166, 260 Presidential Human Rights Council 51, 110, 222, 248 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 128-9 Prilepin, Zakhar 122 Princeton University 27 prisoners of war 33, 36-7,46, 97,129, 139, 190, 199, 202-3, 207, 220, 227-9 pro-democracy protests of 2011-12,4, 8, 39, 55, 62, 68, 186, 220-1, 224, 249, 251. See also public protests Prokhanov, Alexander 71, 77,122-3, 154,170-1 Prokhorov, Mikhail 112 pro-Kremlin organizations 4-5, 7,10, 13-14,29-30, 37-8,43-6, 55֊ 61,70, 72-81,98, 119,134-5, 173, 178, 188-90,193-4, 197-9, 201, 203-4, 206, 210, 212-13, 217-18,221-2,224,227-8, 234, 238,242-4, 249, 252-3, 255-6, 259. See also names of individual organizations Prosecutor General’s Office 10,12, 22, 39, 111, 113,142, 161,230,241 prosecutor’s office 35-7,146,178, 233-9 Prosveshchenie publishing house 137. See also Rotenberg, Arkady Index Prudovskii, Sergei 21-2,245 Pskov 25, 63, 65, 69,122-3,138, 229, 235 Pskov-Pechory Monastery of the Caves 65 public protests 100,145. See also pro democracy protests of 2011-12 Pushilin, Denis 156 Pushkin State Art Museum 23 Pussy Riot 62
putsch of August 1991 165 Putin, Vladimir and Alexander III 65,168 an antisemitic remark by 218 and archives 19, 24-6, 59 and Article 354.1 (glorification of Nazism) 232 and Bishop Tikhon 63, 65 and the Bolshevik Revolution 86 and Clinton, Hillary 86 compared to Hitler 235 and the Constitution 223,258 and Crimean Tatars 146 criticism of proscribed 240, 258 cronies of 44, 54, 69,103,137,182, 222, 242, 258-9 and the cult of the Second World War 5, 24, 30, 32-3, 85-7, 89-97,100,119, 140,182, 261 and Dzerzhinsky, Felix 6,162,164 and the European University at St. Petersburg 34 and the Holocaust 6,45,144,185-8, 196-7, 202-3, 205-7,212, 216-18,222 and ideology 2-4, 7-8,47, 72, 86, 110,173 and Immortal Regiment 96,104-5, 118 and the information security doctrine 242 in Israel 144 and Ivan the Terrible 171 joins Yeltsin’s administration 65 and Kadyrov, Ramzan 147 and Katyn memorial 118 as a KGB officer 83-4,140,162 and Lenin, Vladimir 142 and Matilda movie 142-3
Index and memorial days 145 Munich speech by 88-9 and museums 182 neologisms by 48-9 and Night Wolves biker club 73, 75, 77-9,81,138,176-7 and Panfilov’s 28 51 parents of 86 and Patriarch Kirill 68,71 and patriotic education 121,123-6, 128, 249 and Patriot military theme park 129,132 as president 7,9,11, 36, 39, 69, 75, 80,84,109,121, 135,151, 170, 185-6, 196,223, 239, 249, 251, 253, 257 and Prigozhin, Yevgeny 128 and Prince Vladimir 170,180 proclaimed the Year of Memory and Glory in Russia 97 promotes Chersonesos 86,180 and “Russia: My History” theme park 65-6 and the Russian Orthodox Church 61,69 and Shcherbakov, Salavat 173-4 and the siege of Leningrad 86,144 and Stalin, Josef 5, 68, 85, 87,109-11, 115,121,132,158,162 and Stalin’s crimes 87,110,114-15, 118, 231 and state holidays 144 statues of 6,166-8,183,258 and Strelkov, Igor 63 and a system of governance instituted by 39, 56, 58-9, 80, 217, 252-5,257-8 and a unified textbook 135 and Victory organizing committee 93-5,193 views on history by 3-5,14,16, 28, 33,41,69-70, 83-9,96, 221, 242, 251, 253-5, 260 and war veterans 24-5, 98,205-6 on Yalta Conference 74, 158, 160-1 and Youth Army 128 Putinism 7,89, 257 317 Putin’s “green men” 73,101,128,132, 167-8,183 Queen Mary University of London 213 rabbis 187-9 Rachinskii, Ian 243 racism 9,14,191-2,219 Rada 159 Radev, Rumen 72 Radio Liberty 109,113,123, 241 Rasputin, Grigory 40, 77,181. See also Grigory Rasputin House Museum Red Army 6,20,24-5, 36-7, 84, 92,128, 160,178,186-8, 191-2,194, 196-8, 201,203-6, 212-14, 217֊ 19, 259, 261. See also soldiers, Soviet Red Cross 36 Red
Square 24, 95, 97,101-2,139,141, 145,173,235 Red Terror (1918-22) 60,162-4, 257 Reichstag building, storming of a replica at Patriot military theme park (2017) 130-1 relics 75,182. See abo saints REN TV 101 Repin, Ilya 170 Republic of North Macedonia 200-1 Republic of Sakha 71,152 Republika Srpska 75 Restoring the Names ceremony 71,245, 249. See also Memorial Reznik, Henry 233 RIA news agency 210 Righteous among the Nations database 216. See also Yad Vashem Museum RIO. See Russian Historical Society “Rio Rita: The Joy of Victory” happening 138-9,257 Rogozin, Dmitry 94,112 Roma people 200 Romania 200 Romanov, Roman 118 Rome 108 Roosevelt, D. Franklin 74,119,158-9, 161,204
318 Roskino. See Federal Agency on Culture and Cinematography Rossgvardiia. See National Guard Rossiia One TV channel 111, 207 Rossiia 24 TV channel 54, 227, 243 Rossiiskaia Gazeta 52, 58, 60,192, 246 Rossotrudnichestvo. See Federal Agency for the CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation Rossvoentsentr. See Russian State Military History and Cultural Center Rostov-on-Don 133,168,189-90, 203, 209 Rotenberg, Arkady 48,137 Rotterdam, bombing of ( 1940) 97 Rousseau, Henri 181 RT. See Russia Today Russia in Global Affairs 32-3 “Russia: My History” theme park 5, 65-8, 70, 81,129, 138,182, 236, 254 Russian Academy of Education 15 Russian Academy of Arts 158, 186,193 Russian Academy of Sciences 4,10,1213, 15, 18,27-8, 32-4, 36-8, 66, 68,81,84-5,91,118-19, 125, 135, 252-3. See also Chubarian, Alexander Russian Administrative Code. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code; Soviet Penal Code Article 20.1 (disrespect toward the society and the state) 240 Article 20.3 (display of Nazi symbols) 231,234-6 Russian Army 95-7,100-1,132,145-6, 148,173,181. See also Red Army Russian Association of History Teachers 17 Russian Center for Holocaust and Genocide History 198, 21214, 222. See also Altman, Ilya Russian Central State Museum of Contemporary History 61,117 Index Russian Civil War (1918-22) 77, 86, 93, 100,140,178 Russian Criminal Code. See Russian Penal Code Russian Empire 3, 7,15, 20, 30, 55, 62, 65, 72, 76, 86, 88, 128, 141-2, 166,211 Russian Geographical Society 128 Russian Government 3-4, 6,16,
25-6, 28, 39, 73, 80-1, 84, 90, 98,118, 123, 135,147-8,173, 176, 187, 196, 200,210,215,218, 222-4, 239,251-5, 258-61. See also Duma; Federation Council. See also names of individual ministries Russian Historical Society (RIO) 5, 13-15,17-18,21,26-7, 30, 32, 46, 55-6, 59, 79-80,84-5, 95, 160, 251-2, 254, 259. See also Naryshkin, Sergei Russian Imperial Historical Society 79 Russian Institute of History Politics, proposed 4,29-31,253,257-8 Russian Institute of National Remembrance 59 Russian Investigative Committee 69, 117,189, 228, 234,237-8, 246 Russian Jewish Congress 197, 212-13 Russian Liberation Army 15. See also Vlasov, Andrei Russian Liberation Movement (SERB) nationalist organization 135, 238,243 Russian Military Historical Society (RVIO) 5, 27-8, 31 -2,46, 51, 53, 55-61, 64, 74, 80-1, 84, 89, 92, 95, 97, 111, 117-18, 126, 128, 130, 133-4, 138-40,156-7, 169, 171,173-5, 178, 181,200, 203-4, 208-11, 218, 227-8, 244, 252, 254-6, 259-60. See also Medinskii, Vladimir Russian Orthodox Church 2, 5, 23, 43-4, 61-75, 81, 90-1, 105, 115,121, 129-30, 136, 141-3, 157, 168-70,173, 176, 179-82, 187, 225, 231, 239, 251-4, 256, 259. See also Kirill, Patriarch;
Index Moscow Patriarchate; Orthodox churches; Orthodox priests; “Russia: My History” theme park; Tikhon, Bishop Russian Orthodox University 66 Russian Penal Code. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Administrative Code; Soviet Penal Code Article 148 (offending religious sentiments of the believers) 62,142, 239 Article 205.2 (justification of terrorism) 237 Article 214 (vandalism) 247-8 Article 242 (distribution of pornography) 237 Article 243 (destruction of cultural heritage) 228,240 Article 244 (desecration of burial sites) 228,231,234 Article 275 (high treason) 23 Article 282 (incitement of ethnic hatred) 6,231,236-8 Article 354.1 (glorification of Nazism) 6,37-8,72-3,131, 150-1,178,189,219, 231-4, 235,238,255, 261 Russian Political Scientists Society 30 Russian Railway Museum 182 Russian Railways 56, 93,174,182 Russians 2,7, 14, 18, 30, 33,48, 51, 58-9, 62, 65, 68,77,83-90, 94, 100,102,105-13,116,118-19, 121-5, 131-2,135-6,140-1, 144-5,147-9, 152,166, 169, 171-2,174,177,181, 185-6, 191,197, 204, 208-10, 212, 218, 225, 236,242,257,259-60 Russian Schoolchildren’s Movement 126-7 Russian Search Movement 64, 95,100, 125-6, 234 Russian State Archives (GARF) 21, 25, 38, 50-1, 54, 141 Russian State Archives of Literature and Arts (RGALI) 24 319 Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (RGASPI) 24 Russian State Historical Museum 23, 111,256 Russian State Library 54 Russian State Military Historical Archives (RGVIA) 19-20 Russian State Military History and Cultural Center (Rossvoentsentr) 124,173 Russian State Nuclear Energy
Corporation 124 Russian State Social University (RGSU) 46 Russian State Space Corporation 124 Russian State University for the Humanities (RGGU) 29, 66, 68, 198, 201,213-14 Russian Supreme Court 22,233,247 Russian World, concept of 44, 78 Russian Writers Union 48 “Russia’s Foreign Policy in a Historical Perspective” opinion piece (2016) 88. See also Lavrov, Sergei Russia Today (RT) 8,59,95,201, 238,256. See also Simonian, Margarita Russkaia narodnaia liniia nationalist organization 37 Russkii lad nationalist organization 38 Russkii Vestnik 214 Russo-Georgian War (2008) 68, 88,132, 188 Russophobia, allegations of 27, 38,112, 148, 171, 197,207, 239 RVIO. See Russian Military Historical Society Ryazan 29,164,169, 241 Ryzhkov, Vladimir 154 Rzhev 157 St. Barbara statue, proposed 175 St. George 75, 78,101,104 St. George’s Cross 93 St. George’s ribbon 93, 95, 98,108,128, 234. See also May 9 celebration St. Isaak’s Cathedral 23 St. Matrona of Moscow 71
320 St. Michael 174 St. Nicholas 75 St. Peter’s Basilica 75 St. Petersburg 23-4, 28, 33, 35-8,49, 66, 68, 71, 75, 81, 93,100-2, 117,128-9,131,133,138,141, 143-4,154,165-6,170,177-9, 181-2, 209, 233,235,237, 239,241, 244,257-8. See also Leningrad, the siege of St. Petersburg Military Academy 178 St. Petersburg State University 31, 38, 233 saints 6,62, 71,143,168-9,173,175, 181-2,186, 256, 259. See also relics Sakha Republic 71,152 Sakharov, Andrei (historian) 10 Sakharov, Andrei (scientist and human rights activist) 174 Sakharov Center 6,115,118, 240, 243 Samara 151,236 Samodurov, Yuri 115-16, 243 Samoilova, Yulia 108, 210 Sandarmokh memorial cemetery 6, 225-9, 257. See also Dmitriev, Yuri Sanina, Anna 122-3 Sarapul 209 Saratov 79, 100,151,163,180 Saratov State University 35 Satanism 79,176,180 Savenkov, Alexander 14 Sberbank 127 Scandinavia 52 Scandinavians 85 Schindler’s List movie ( 1992) 211 schoolchildren 17-18, 67,105, 108-9, 116,122-3, 126-31, 133-5,148, !73, 204,209-10, 235-8, 242-4. See also history textbooks; patriotic education program; Youth Army children’s organization schools 5,17-18, 67, 75, 85, 88,92, 104-5,107, 122-3,126-7,135, 172-3,198, 209-10,213, 235, 238, 241-4 Index school teachers 17,67,122,126,135-7, 147-8, 209, 239, 243-4, 255 Schwarzenegger, Arnold 112 Scopus citation database 31. See also Web of Science Second World War 1 -2,4-5, 9,11 -12, 14-15,18,24, 30-4, 36-9,41, 45-6, 50-1, 56-9,64,67, 73-6, 83-109,112,115-16,118-19, 121,123,125-6, 128-32,134, 136-40,149,152, 156, 159-61, 172-4,176-8,182,185-201, 203-5, 207-8,210,212-13, 215,217,219-20, 222,
227-8, 232-40, 243-4, 253, 257-8, 260 Secret Speech by Khrushchev (1956) 153. See also de-Stalinization; Khrushchev, Nikita Security Council, Russian 30, 59 security services. See FSB Selin, Adrian 68 Semenov, Vitaly 35 Seoul 108 SERB. See Russian Liberation Movement Serbia 37, 56,93,97,206 serfdom, abolition of 171-2 Sergia, Mother 63 Sevastopol 73-6,78-9, 86,101,104-5, 133,138,147, 154,180, 188 Severomorsk 127 Shablinskii, Ilya 51 Shalev, Andrei 243-4 Shapovalov, Vladimir 32 Sharon, Ariel 185 Shcherbakov, Salavat 167-9,173-5,186, 217, 252 Sheremetyevo airport 79 Sherlanger 156 Shetyna, Grzegorz 196 Shevkunov, Georgy. See Tikhon, Bishop Shies, proposed landfill at 110 Shkolnik, Alexander 96-7 Shleimovich, Emil 222 Shmyrov, Victor 224-5, 229,248 Shneer, Aron 186 Shoigu, Sergei 5,9-11, 81,102,127-31, 138, 204,252
Index Shpigel, Boris 4,45,79,188-9,193-5, 214,217 Shpileva, Anzhelika 237 Shtyrev, Viacheslav 16-17 Shutov, Andrei 30, 32 Siberia 66,104,139,151, 153, 234,238, 246 Sikorski, Radosław 196 Sillamäe 108 Simferopol 73,146-7,161,167-8 Simindei, Vladimir 45 Simonian, Margarita 95, 256 Simon Wiesenthal Center 189 Skopje 108,200-1 Škripal, Sergei, attempted assassination of (2018) 40 slavery 135 Slaviansk 63 Slavic Girl’s Farewell statue (2014) 174 Slavs 33,67,75,130,169,199,218 Slier, Paula 201 Slovakia 200, 204-5, 207, 213 Slovaks 78 Slovenia 97 Smetanskii, Daniil 235 Smirnov, Dmitry 129 Smolensk 47-8,163, 235,254 Smolny College 233 Sobchak, Ksenia 55 Sobianin, Sergei 11, 65,246 Sobibor death camp 6, 32,202-5, 208, 211-12, 220-1 .See also the Holocaust; Nazi death camps Sobibor memorial 204-6, 208 Sobibor movie (2018) 6, 60, 201 -12 Sochi 96, 110,112,159, 206, 236 Sochi Winter Olympic Games 3,76, 94, 98,127,137,147 Social Science Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24 Sofia 72,108 Sofrino 70 Sokolov, Nikita 9 Sokolov, Oleg 57 soldiers, Soviet 6,14, 18, 24, 64, 75, 84, 97-8,100,128-32,140,144, 186, 191, 198-9, 203,210,212, 220-1, 227-8, 234-5, 260. See also Red Army 321 Solonin, Mark 58 Solovetsky Islands 71-2 Solovetsky Monastery 71-2 Solovetsky stone memorial ( 1990) 71, 114, 245 Soloviev, Vladimir 218 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 112, 247-8 Son of Saul movie (2015) 211 Soros Foundation 29 South America 212-13 South Europe 33 South Ossetia 75 sovereign democracy, concept of 7,134, 261. See also Surkov, Vladislav Sovetsk 237 Soviet Army. See Red Army Soviet Extraordinary
Commission. See Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Committed by the GermanFascist Invaders and Their Accomplices in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union “Soviet Genocide in Ukraine” article (1953) 20 Soviet Information Bureau 1 Sovietization of Eastern Europe 58,74,97 Sovietology 15,26,39 Soviet partisans 13,197 Soviet Penal Code. See also Russian Penal Code Article 70 (anti-Soviet propaganda) 232 Article 71 (propaganda of war) 232 Soviet people 1-2, 37, 50, 58, 76, 88, 94, 111, 113,117, 140, 145,185, 189- 91, 203,207, 217, 222 Soviet Pioneer organization 126-7, 251 Soviet Union 1-3, 7-12,14-15,17-18, 23-7, 30-9,45-6,49, 57-61, 65, 70-2, 74-8, 81, 83-110,113-19, 121-3,127-30, 132, 136, 138, 140,143-6,148-51,155-6, 161-6,174-7,179, 183,185-7, 190-1,193-4,198-201, 203-5, 207-8, 210, 212-23, 229-30, 232-4, 236, 240,243,251-4, 256-7,259-61
322 Index Soviet war in Afghanistan 23,125,145, 256 Soviet war memorials 7,14,20, 32, 96-7, 100,125,134,193-5,198-9, 207-8, 210, 213, 215, 221, 234-7, 240. See also monuments space program 83,112,232. See also Gagarin, Yuri; Rogozin, Dmitry Spain 33,151,179,239 Sparrow Hills 164,169 Spartak football club 143 Spaso-Andronnikov Monastery 62 Spetsnaz, Russian special forces 128,133 Spiegelman, Art 214 Spielberg, Steven 211 Sputnik 95 Sretensky Monastery 63-5,179 Sretensky theological seminary 64,66 Stalin, Josef 1-2,5-6, 15, 32-3, 37,45, 50-1,57,61, 68, 70-1, 73-4, 76-8, 85-6, 89-90, 92, 102-3, 105,108-19,121,130,132,134, 136,141, 146-7,149-62, 164-6, 168,170, 177, 183, 203,219-20, 224, 234, 237-9, 242, 246, 253, 256-7 Stalingrad. See Volgograd Stalingrad, Battle of (1942-43) 28,30, 48, 76, 92,138,145,154,165, 176 Stalin house museum 157 Stalinism 6, 8,14,17, 21, 31, 37, 55, 70, 81,110,112-13,116-17,119, 150, 218, 240, 246, 257. See also de-Stalinization Stalinists 90,109,111-12,136,147, 153-4, 183, 238, 247 Stalino. See Donetsk Stalin’s crimes 4, 6, 9,14, 21-2, 25, 27, 31-2, 36,45-6, 58, 60-1, 67-8, 71-3, 81, 87-9, 109-18, 135-7, 146-7,149, 153-5,162, 164, 176-7, 222-31, 243-8,254, 257, 260. See also Butovo mass execution site; deportations; the famine of 1932-33; Great Terror; Gulag; Khaibakh massacre; Kommunarka mass execution site; NKVD; Perm 36; Red Terror; Sandarmokh memorial cemetery Stalin’s victims. See Gulag victims Starikov, Nikolai 2, 71,122,135 State Academic Malyi Theater 48 state holidays. See also memorial days Day of the Defender of Motherland (February 23)
102 Flag Day (August 22) 144 National Unity Day (November 4) 49,136,144 Russia Day (June 12) 144 Victory Day (May 9) 102 State Museum of Contemporary Russian History 57,61,117 Stavropol 133 Stepanov, Igor 117,246 Stepashin, Sergei 59, 70 Stockholm Declaration on the Holocaust (2000) 216 Stolypin, Piotr 183,211 Stone, Oliver 110 Strasbourg 209,213 Strelkov, Igor 62-3 Subetto, Alexander 37 Supreme Attestation Board (VAK) 38, 52-4 Suprun, Mikhail 36 Surgut 153-4,172 Surkov, Vladislav 7,88-9, 111, 134,257 Sut vremeni. See the Essence of Time Suvorov, Victor 18 Svalbard 181 Svanidze, Nikolai 51 Sverdlovsk region 29 Svetliakov, Kirill 149 Sviridov, Georgy 76 swastikas 214,235-7 Swedes 187 Switzerland 195,237 Syktyvkar 210,241 Syria 27, 37, 60, 72, 75, 88, 90,100,129, 168,172, 198, 206,212,218 Taisaev, Kazbek 150,156 Takhankut 152 Tallinn 108,193, 195,199 Tambov 133-4,172 tanks 100-2,104,138. See also T-34 tank
Index Tanks movie (2018) 102 Tarasov, Vladimir 15 Tashkent 138 TASS news agency 45,167 Tatarstan 63, 66,151-2, 236 Taylor deCaires, Jason 150 Tbilisi 152 Tehran 159 Tehran Conference (1943) 159 Tel Aviv 203, 206 Tepliakov, Dmitry 25 Terekhova, Yulia 181 Terminator movie (1984) 112 terrorism 130,145,186,197, 209, 237, 247-8 Thatcher, Margaret 67 the Thaw 162. See also Khrushchev, Nikita theology 65 Theresienstadt ghetto 199, 215. See also the Holocaust Thomas theorem 86 “Three Tank Drivers, Three Jolly Friends” song (1939) 101 Tikhon, Bishop 5,44, 59, 63-72, 81, 85, 122,129,138,179,251,254 Tishkov, Valery 10, 55, 59 Titov, Vladimir 59 Tiumen 66, 104,112,151, 163, 254 Tobolsk 112 Tokyo 74 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow 90 Tom Sawyer Fest volunteer club 180 Tomsk 103-5,108,116,231 Tomsk Memorial Museum “NKVD Investigative Prison” 231 toponymy 150,165, 207 Toymentsev, Sergei 254 Transneft 56 Transnistria 75 Transylvania 200 Treptower Park 74, 77 Tretyakov Art Gallery 170-1 Troitsky, Artemy 73 Trotsky, Leon 230 True History Foundation 25 Trump, Donald 96-7,161 Trunenkov, Dmitry 127 323 Tsarist Empire. See Russian Empire Tsaritsyn. See Volgograd tsars 3, 6,15,40, 52, 65, 68-70, 77, 88,100,110,142-3,145, 155, 168-73,175,178,183,186, 224, 256,258-9. See also names of individual tsars Tsarskoe Selo 178 Tsereteli, Zurab 157-60,166,173-4, 186, 217, 251-2, 258 TsSKA football club 98-9 Г-34 movie (2018) 102 T-34 tank 100-2,138 Tula 62,167-8, 238 Tula State Weapon Museum 181 Tumarkin, Nina 142 TU-95 “Bear” strategic bomber 100 Tunis 208 Turkey 7, 41, 261 Turks 72 Tuva, Republic of
237 Tvardovsky, Alexander 2 TV2 channel 103 Uchitel, Alexei 142-3 Ukraine 4, 6,12,15,19-20,25, 37-8,46, 52, 57,62-3, 73-4, 76, 79, 81, 83, 88, 90,105,108,121-2,131, 134-5,137,142, 146-7, 158-60, 168-9, 176-7,188-9, 194-9, 201,208,210-11,215-16,219, 221,223-4, 226, 232-3,249, 251,253, 255, 260 Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance 12, 30-1,45 Ukrainian Museum of National History 45 Ukrainians 45-6,102,139,189,191, 196,202,210,215, 225 Ukrainian Secret Services Archives 25 Ulaanbaatar 108,161 Ulan-Ude 100,234 Ulianovsk 141,177 Ulitskaia, Liudmila 243 UN Charter 191, 213 UN Commission on Human Rights. See UN Human Rights Council UN Committee on Information 192-3 UNESCO 169, 213, 224
324 UN General Assembly 74,191-3, 221 UN Genocide Convention (1948) 192, 219. See also genocide UN Human Rights Council 9,191-3 United Kingdom 1,18, 32,40, 97,108, 159,219 United Nations 43,192-7, 208, 211,213, 218, 221 United Russia Party 10, 46, 50, 56-7, 65, 79,103-4,117,121,126,134, 142, 166, 256 United States of America 1-3, 7,16, 27, 33, 36-40,47, 73-4, 79, 83, 88, 90, 96-7,108,119, 135, 159, 161,189,192,194-5,218-19, 244, 260 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 192 universities 12,15, 27-40, 43, 52-5, 63-4, 66, 68, 84, 96, 104-5, 121, 123, 135-6, 148, 158, 198, 213, 225, 233,252. See also names of individual universities university students 18, 27, 35, 55, 63, 67, 84, 106-8,121, 125-6, 136,141, 148,213 UN Resolution 60/7 ("on the Holocaust Remembrance”) 211-12 UN Resolution 61/147 (“countering racism and xenophobia”) 9, 192-4 UN Resolution 67/154 (“glorification of Nazism”) 95,194,212,219, 221 UN Secretary General 208 UN Security Council 58, 222 UN Third Committee 191-2 Urals Federal University 52 Uruguay 212 US Army 37, 99-100,127, 257 US Department of State 1, 86, 105, 208 US Department of the Treasury 222 US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) 21,193, 208 Uzbekistan 138,208 Vaino, Anton 97 Valentine’s Day 75 Index vandalism, acts of 63-4,117,147,155, 161,168,170-1, 178-9,195, 215, 228, 234,248,256 Varlamov, Ilya 105,179 Vasiliev, Ilya 203-5,207,210-11,217 Vasilieva, Olga 4, 26-7,40, 54, 59, 64-5, 80-1,98,135-7,148,157,170, 198,251,258 Vatican 75 VDNKh exhibition grounds 65 Vedomosti 225 Venezuela 213 veterans of war 24, 30, 37, 58,80, 94, 98-9,
105,107-9,116,123,125, 130,134,151, 162, 173, 183, 185, 193,199, 206,234, 236-7, 239, 256 Viatrovich, Volodymyr 45 Victory Day. See May 9 celebration Victory Museum. See Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War Victory organizing committee 24, 90-1, 93-8,103-4,107-8,182,192 Victory Volunteers 84, 93, 98,126 Vienna 108 vigilantes 134,142-3,148, 249, 256. See also pro-Kremlin organizations Viking movie (2016) 69 VIO. See Free Historical Society Vishnevskii, Boris 93,254 Vladimir 86-7,152,158,171 Vladimir, Prince 69, 86,164,169-70, 175,180,183 Vladimir I. See Vladimir, Prince Vladivostok 112,138,155 Vlasov, Alexei 15-16 Vlasov, Andrei 15, 36, 203, 243. See also Russian Liberation Army Vnukovo airport 170 Volchek, Dmitry 23 Volga River 137,165 Volgograd 30, 73, 78, 92,101,112, 134, 138-9,154,156, 159,165, 176, 234 Volhynia 216 Volkov, Alexei 234 Volodin, Viacheslav 33, 261 Voi ogodsk region 181 Volokolamsk, Battle of (1941) 51
Index Vorkuta 29 Voronezh 57 VTB bank 112,127 VTsIOM pollster 10,43. See abo opinion polls Vučić, Aleksandar 206 Vyshinskii, Andrei 50 Vyshnii Volochek 179 Waffen SS, German 9,186,190-2,194, 199,215,220-1,237,261 Wagner mercenaries 105,129. See also Prigozhin, Yevgeny Wallenberg, Raoul 187 The Wall historical novel (2012) 48-9, 254. See also Medinskii, Vladimir “The Wall” music album (1979) 49 Wall of Grief monument (2017) 71, 114-15,118, 231 war crimes 190-1,194 Warsaw 44,208 Warsaw ghetto uprising ( 1943) 204. See also the Holocaust war veterans. See veterans of war Washington, DC 21, 40,102, 108, 208 Web of Science 31. See also Scopus Wehrmacht 100,129,138, 236. See also Nazi Germany; Waffen SS, German welfare state 88 Western sanctions 27, 53, 85,100,145, 178, 239 West Europe 9, 16,189, 259 West Germany 73 White, Robert 191 White Sea Canal 225 Wikipedia 68 World Congress of Russian Jews 188, 193-4 World Holocaust Forum, fifth (2020) 222 The World of Tanks videogame 101 World War I. See First World War World War II. See Second World War World without Nazism 4,45, 79,188-9, 193-5, 201,214, 217-8. See abo Shpigel, Boris World Youth and Student Festival 325 96 xenophobia 185,191-2 Xi Jinping 33, 97 Yabloko Party 117 Yad Vashem Museum 186-7,195, 203-4,211,214,216,220 Yakovenko, Alexander 193 Yakunin, Vladimir 174,182 Yakutia. See Sakha Republic Yakutsk 66 Yalta 6,74,158-61,168 Yalta Conference (1945) 56, 90,158-61, 183, 222, 259 Yamburg, Yevgeny 15 Yanukovich, Victor 188 Yaroslav, Prince 85 Yaroslavl 181 Yarovaia, Irina 75, 232 Year of Memory and Glory (2020) 97 Year of
Russian History (2012) 12-13, 39, 55 Yeltsin, Boris 2, 8, 21, 65,144,164 Yeltsin Center 156,240,242 Yemen 37 Yom Hashoah 208, 212 Yom Kippur 197 Yoshkar-Ola 6, 21,116, 229-31, 248, 257 Youth Army children's organization 5, 99,127-31, 137, 148 Yugoslavia 52,56 Yuri Gagarin Memorial Museum 62. See also Gagarin, Yuri Zadornov, Mikhail 2 Zakharchenko, Alexander 156 Zakhariev, German 197 Zakharova, Maria 40,200,205-6,215 Zaldostanov “The Surgeon,” Alexander 5,73-9, 81, 129-30, 132, 138,160,169-71, 176-7, 251 Zaliuzhnyi, Alexander 16 “Zarnitsa” paramilitary game, Soviet 127 Zemtsov, Nikolai 103, 108,171 Zenit football club 177
326 Index Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 75,170 Zhivaia istoriia journal 61 Zhukov, Andrei 23, 35 Zhuravsky, Alexander 15 Zhurnal rossiiskikh і vostochnoevropeiskikh istoricheskikh issledovanii 61 Ziuganov, Gennady 164 Zmiiovsk Gorge monument (1975, 2011) 189. See also the Holocaust Zubov, Andrei 35-6,46,58,168,225,243 Zurich 108 Zuroff, Efraim 189 Zvezda TV channel 208,227 Zygar, Mikhail 181 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
Contents List of Figures viii Acknowledgments ix List of Acronyms x Introduction 1 1 7 A Geopolitical Meaning of History 2 State Affiliates Manufacturing the “Historical Truth” 43 3 For Victory, For Stalin, For Putin! 83 4 Militant Patriotism 121 5 Monumental Mediocrity 149 6 Hijacking the Holocaust 185 7 Injustice of Historic Proportion 223 Conclusion 251 Notes 263 Bibliography 293 Index 300
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Hard Choices (London: Simon Schuster, 2014). Dianina, Katia, “Vozvrashchennoe nasledie: Nikolai II как novodel,” Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie 1 (2018): n.p., http://magazines.russ.rU/nlo/2018/l/vozvrashennoe-nasledie. html. Ehala, Martin, “The Bronze Soldier: Identity Threat and Maintenance in Estonia,” Journal of Baltic Studies 40, no. 1 (2009): 139-58. Engerman, David C., Know Your Enemy: The Rise and Fall ofAmerica’s Soviet Experts (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009). Falsifiers of History (Historical Survey) (Moscow: Foreign Language Publishing House, 1948). Feferman, Kiril, “The Crisis in Ukraine: Attitudes of the Russian and Ukrainian Jewish Communities,” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 9, no. 2 (2015): 227-36.
298 Bibliography Gabowitsch, Mischa, Protest in Putin's Russia (Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity, 2016). Golod v SSSR, 1930-1934 gg./Famine in the USSR, 1930-1934, edited by Vladimir Kozlov (Moscow: Federal Archival Agency of the Russian Federation, 2009). Gudkov, Lev, “1917 god v structure legitimnosti rossiiskoi vlasti,” Neprikosnovennyi zapas 6 (2017): 154-72, http://magazines.rass.rU/nz/2017/6/1917-god-v-strakture-legitimno sti-rossijskoj-vlasti.html. Hirsch, Francine, “The Soviets at Nuremberg: International Law, Propaganda, and the Making of the Postwar Order,” American Historical Review 113, no. 3 (2008): 701-30. Irvin-Erickson, Douglas, “Genocide Discourses: American and Russian Strategic Narratives of Conflict in Iraq and Ukraine,” Politics and Government 5, no. 3 (2017): 130-45. Kasianov, Georgiy, “The ‘Nationalization of History in Ukraine,” in The Convolutions of Historical Politics, edited by Alexei Miller and Maria Lipman (Budapest: CEU Press, 2012), 141-74. Klimenko, Ekaterina, “Building the Nation, Legitimizing the State—My History and Memory of the Russian Revolutions in Contemporary Russia,” Nationalities Papers, https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.105. Koposov, Nikolay, Memory Laws, Memory Wars: The Politics of the Past in Europe and Russia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018). Malinova, Olga, “Tema proshlogo v ritorike prezidentov Rossii,” Pro et Contra 3-4 (MayAugust 2011): 106-22. McFaul, Michael, From Cold War to Hot Peace: An American Ambassador in Putin’s Russia (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018). Medinskii, Vladimir, “Problemy
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Index Ab Imperio journal 61 Abkhazia 75 Abramov, Mikhail 181 academic freedom 4, 23, 34-40, 240, 255 Academy Awards 6,211-12 .See also Sobibor movie Adamskii, Alexander 148 Adventists 91 Aeroflot 98,237 Afghanistan 23,125, 145, 256. See also Soviet war in Afghanistan Agora human rights group 147,232 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 195 AK-47, 100,112, 126, 134, 174-5 Aksenov, Sergei 57, 78,147,167 Alexander II 72,168,172 Alexanderül 65,168 Alexander Pechersky Foundation 203-4, 206, 210, 218. See also Pechersky, Alexander Alexander Yakovlev Democracy Foundation 46, 240, 257 Alexandrov 171 Alexandrov, Kirill 36-8, 40, 46, 203, 255, 260 Alexeev, Yuri 25, 229 Alexeieva, Liudmila 110,242 Alexy II, Patriarch 72 Alley of Rulers sculpture park 150-1, 157-8 Alley of Russian Glory company 172-4 Allies, wartime 1,10-11, 86, 95, 97,107, 138, 158-60, 194,197, 199, 219, 222 Altai region 139 Altman, Ilya 40,212-14,222 American independence 89 Americans 1,108,140, 204, 219-20 Amsterdam 201 Amur region 164,167 Ananchenko, Alexei 31-2 Andreev, Konstantin 116 Andrei Rublev Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art 62 Andrew, Apostle 129 Ankara 108 the Antarctic 108 Anti-Defamation League 188 Anti-Maidan movement 71, 74, 79, 134-5 antisemitism 32-3, 69-70, 185,190-1, 197-8, 203, 207, 215, 222 Antiterrorism Center 233, 258 Antonescu, Ion 200 Applebaum, Anne 196 Arakcheev, Alexander 21,166, 229-31, 248 archeology 27-8,85 architectural heritage 179-81. See also heritage buildings archives 4,11,18-26, 37-9, 59,114,116, 148, 190, 217, 225, 227-8, 241, 245, 246-7. See also names of individual archives Archives
of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24. See also Russian Academy of Sciences Archives Watch 245 Arctic 123,181, 260 Argentina 212-13 Arkhangelsk 107,110,112 Arkhangelsk Pomor University 36 Arkhipova, Alexandra 106 Armenian genocide 13,41,142, 261 Armenians 41 Armistice Day (November 11) 93 Artizov, Andrei 38 Asia 39 Al-Assad, Bashar 168, 218 Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) 26 Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN) 26
Index Association of the Institutes of History of CIS Countries 14 Astana 15 Astrakhan 163,167, 237 Atatürk 7,257 Atkarsk 151 Atlantic Council 249 Aurora cruiser 141 Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp 6,185, 192,196,199, 201,206,211-13, 215, 218-19, 222. See also the Holocaust; Nazi death camps Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 97, 185, 196-7, 200-1,222 Australia 40,121,196 Austria 27, 213,225 Austrians 27 Axis Powers 57, 232 Azerbaijan 138 Azov Battalion 81 Babitskii, Ivan 80 Bagdasarian, Vardan 31 Baikal region 177 Baker, Andrew 189 Bakhchisarai 167 Baku 138 Balakhna 112 Balbekov, Ruslan 161 ballistic missiles 100,129,163. See also Iskander Baltic Federal University 31,63 Baltic Germans 46 Baltic Navy 64 Baltic States 4, 9,11,13-14,16, 27,186, 191-2,194,197-9, 208,215, 219,223, 256. See also names of individual countries Baltiisk 169 Bandera, Stepan, alleged followers of 37-8,73,197-8 Bandidos biker club 79 banks 66,112,127. See also names of individual banks Baptists 91 Barbara, Martyr 129 Barcelona 108 Barkov, Alexander 118 Barnaul 99,106-7, 234 ЗОЇ Barnes, A. Steven 224 Bastyrkin, Alexander 69,234 Basurin, Eduard 156 Battle of Stalingrad Museum 101,138. See also Stalingrad, Battle of Baturin, Victor 159 Bauska 194 Beckett, Samuel 141 Beevor, Antony 29 Beglov, Alexander 133,143 Beijing 96 Beirut 108 Belarus 101,199,208 Belgorod 64,71 Belgorod State University 52-3 Belgorsk 164,167 Belgrade 108 Belkovskii, Stanislav 83 Bellingcat investigative journalism website 255 Belorussia. See Belarus Belorussians 191 Belov, Sergei 252 Benigni, Roberto 211 Benson, Ivar 214 Beria, Lavrenty
61,73,109,112, 132, 162 Berkut security detachment, Ukrainian 105 Berlin 57,74, 76-7,98-9,108, 130,132, 191,193, 209, 219 Berlin, Battle of (1945) 98-9,101,130-1 Berlin Wall 49 Beslan 150 Beslan school hostage drama (2004) 68, 145 Besogon TV 54. See also Mikhalkov, Nikita Bezborodov, Alexander 68 biker festivals 5, 73, 75-8, 81,101,138. See also Night Wolves biker club; Zaldostanov, Alexander Bishops’ Council 69. See also Russian Orthodox Church Bismarck, Otto von 67 Black Sea 180 blasphemy laws 239 blood libel 69-70. See also antisemitism Bloomfield, Sara 193
302 Bolshevik Revolution 5, 8, ЗО, 67, 77, 86,121,140-1,143-5,152,164, 181,232 Bolsheviks 3, 67, 93,162,165,179 Bolshevism 65 Bonaparte, Napoleon 14,150,175 Boroda, Alexander 69,187-8,190,197, 217 Borodino, Battle of (1812) 139,145 Borodino Bread sculpture (2012) 175 Borovsk 117,179 Bortnikov, Alexander 60-1, 246 Boym, Svetlana 3,119 Branham, William M. 233 Bratislava 200,208 Brazil 96 Brest, defense of (1941) 48, 86 Brexit 96 Brezhnev, Leonid 78, 89,150, 242 Briansk 214,240 BRIC countries 95 Brisbane 196 Britain. See United Kingdom British 107-8,219 British Commonwealth 93 British Holocaust Educational Trust 191 Brodsky, Yuri 72 Bucharest 200 Budapest 34 Budapest ghetto 219. See also the Holocaust Buddhists 91 Buenos Aires 212 Buk missile launcher 131-2 Bulgaria 72,97 Bundestag 238 Buryatia 175 Busarov, Alexander 247 Bush, George W. 90 Butovo mass execution site 71. See also Stalin’s crimes Byzantine Empire 88 Calgary 108 Canada 74,108,194-5 Cannes Film Festival 209 Carley, Michael Jabara 27 Caspian Sea 167 the Caucasus 15. See abo North Caucasus Index Celebration movie (2018) 238 censorship 1, 22, 35,134,232,245 Central Archives of the Russian Defense Ministry 19,23-4, 30 Central Armed Forces Museum 236 Central Asia 15,146 Central Border-Guard Museum of the FSB 60 Central Election Commission 112 Central Europe 188, 253, 259 Central European University 34 Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 64, 74,87, 96-7,101, 185-6,202, 236, 252 Chabad 187-8 Chaika, Yuri 10 Channel One 98,103, 204 Chapaeva, Diana 3 Charter of the Russian Historian, proposed 31-2,259 Chechens 58,147
Chechen Wars 25 Chechnya 15, 23, 74-5,143,146-7, 240 Cheka 60,162,165, 230. See also Dzerzhinsky, Felix; FSB; KGB; NKVD; OGPU Chekhov 133 Cheliabinsk 61,153,167, 235 Cherepovets 133 Chernobyl nuclear disaster (1986) 145 Chersonesos 86,180 Children’s Round Dance fountain 73, 78,176 children with disabilities 125,128 China 26, 33, 95-6,140,175,177, 208, 245, 256, 260 Chita 154 Chizhova, Elena 237 Christianity 56, 64, 69, 85-6,169,180 Christians 52,72 Christian State, Holy Russia fundamentalist organization 142-3 Christ the Savior Cathedral 75 Chubarian, Alexander 10,13-14, 26-8, 30,40, 59,81,118,135,137, 140, 251 Chuev, Sergei 135 Chukovsky, Kornei 176
Index Churchill, Winston 74,119,158-9,161, 204 Church Slavonic language 52 Churkin, Vitaly 192,196 Chuvashia 236 CIA 122 Civic Chamber by the Russian President 32 civic religion 5, 89-93. See also May 9 celebration; Second World War Civil Platform Party 112 Clinton, Bill 67 Clinton, Hillary 86 Code of Offenses against the Peace and Security on Mankind 234 Cohen, Stephen F. 27 Cold War 1-2, 27, 37, 74, 88,100,199, 218, 220,255, 259 colonialism 14-15, 30. See aho decolonization “color revolutions” 8, 20, 68,137, 224. See also Maidan uprsing Commission to Counteract Attempts to Harm Russia’s Interests by Falsifying History (200912) 4, 10-12,14,17, 27, 34, 39, 43, 56, 79, 87, 232 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14-15,18, 32, 36,193, 201, 208 Communism 81, 111, 195, 222 Communist Party 37-8, 46, 65,95,103, 109,111-13, 141,150, 152-6, 158-9, 161,164-5,178, 229 communists 6,103,109,117,122, 141-2, 150-6, 161,164-5,169, 177, 224, 231 computer games 31,101 Concept for Patriotic Education of the Russian Citizens (2003) 123 Concert of Europe (1814-1914) 88 Congress of Intelligentsia (2015) 116-17 Congress of Russian Communities of Crimea 167 Constitution 34,144,150,166, 223, 257 Constitutional Court 117,223 Coronavirus outbreak (2020) 130, 259 Cossacks 29,105,153,166, 172,179 303 Council of Europe 14,18, 33, 95,188, 209-11, 213. See also European Court of Human Rights; European Parliament; European Union courts 38,43,117,190,226-7, 231-6, 240, 246-7 Crimea 3, 5-6, 35, 50, 57, 63, 73-6, 78, 83-4, 86, 101,104,110,123, 126,128, 132, 135,138, 142, 144-7, 150-1,154, 158-61,
167-8,178, 180, 188-9,196, 210, 225, 235, 256 Crimean Tatars 146-7,159-61 Crimean Union of Soviet Officers 159 crimes against humanity 194-5, 212, 218-19,254 criminal prosecution 6,147, 225-9, 231-40,247-9. See also political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code Cuba 201 Cultural Revolution 177. See also Mao Zedong Customs 124-5,240 Czechoslovakia 30, 86,199, 225, 256 Czech Republic 207,213-14,233,255 Dagestan 143,150,165 Dagestanskie Ogni 165 Danilevich, Polina 235 Daudov, Magomed 74 Day of Deliverance and Liberation, Israel (May 9) 197-8, 207, 212, 221 The Death of Stalin movie (2017) 113, 259 decolonization 88. See also colonialism deep people, concept of 7, 111. See also Surkov, Vladislav deep state, concept of 7,261 Dekabrists 67 Denikin, Anton 86 Denmark 52,239 deportations 15, 36, 58, 73,114,146-7, 177. See also Stalins crimes Derevianko, Ekaterina 214 Desiatnichenko, Nikolai 238 de-Stalinization 71,117,119,151,183. See also Stalinism
304 Die Welt 28 Diletant magazine 256 Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry 64 Disney 59,78 Dissernet 80,245 Diukov, Alexander 4, 25,45-6, 79,178, 238 Dmitriev, Igor 103-4 Dmitriev, Yuri 23, 225-9, 248 Dnepr, Battle of ( 1943) 139 Dnepropetrovsk. See Dnipro Dnipro 188 Dobrynin, Konstantin 117 Dolgov, Konstantin 16 Donbass 46, 63, 73,102,104-5,156, 160,172, 177,188-9, 196-7, 201,219 Donetsk 108,150,156,169 Donetsk People’s Republic 75,156 Dorogoi, Igor 72-3, 233-4 DOSAAF 125 Dostoyevsky, Feodor 248 Dozhd TV channel 62,181, 239 Dresden 83 Druon, Maurice 85 Dud, Yuri 246 Dugin, Alexander 71,122 Duma 9,13, 31 -3, 37,43,45-7, 62-3, 74-5,103, 130,140, 142,145, 150, 154, 161,166, 170,176, 189,207-8, 232, 238-40, 245, 252,258. See also Federation Council Duma Culture Committee 142 Duma Education Committee 135 Duma Foreign Relations Committee 43 Duma Legal Committee 10 Dutch People’s Union 201 Dzboev, Mikhail 150 Dzerzhinsky (city) 162 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 6, 50,150,162-5,183 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, Jr. 162-3 Dzhemilev, Mustafa 146,159 Dzhugashvili, Yevgeny 152, 238 Eastern Front 194,215 East Europe 9,12, 14,16-17,19, 27, 44-5, 58, 74,83, 97,108,121, Index 186,188,193-5,199-201, 216-17,219,221,253, 256, 259, 261 East Germany 30 Efremenko, Dmitry 33 Eichmann trial (1961) 203 Eidman, Igor 108 Einstein, Albert 252 Ekaterina II 145 Ekaterinburg 69, 92,143,156, 240-2,244 Elias, Prophet 129 Eliseeva, Natalia 237 Elizabeth 63 Engels, Friedrich 24 Epstein, Mikhail 119 Escape from Sobibor movie (1987) 203,211 Essence of Time nationalist organization 134-5,153,171, 178, 224. See also
Kurginian, Sergei Estonia 108,121,189,192-3,195,199, 201,215, 253 Estonian Institute of Historical Memory 30-1 Estonians 25,46, 225 eternal flame memorial 100,235 Etkind, Alexander 3 Europe 1,9, 14,25,33,44,56,59,61, 67, 74, 88, 97,140, 189,191-4, 196-202, 207-8, 210, 213, 219, 222, 239, 242,246, 259-61 European Court of Human Rights 16, 223, 233 European Institute for Democracy and Cooperation 44 European Jewish Congress 194,198-9, 222 European Parliament 32. See also Council of Europe; European Union Europeans 48,67 European Union 33,97,186,191-2, 194-5, 199-200,213 European University at St. Petersburg 33-4,258 Eurovision 108,210 Evmenov, Nikolai 127
Index exhibitions 56-61, 64-8, 70,96, 111, 114,118,123,125-6,132,177, 181-2,185,187, 193, 195,197, 200-2, 204-6, 208-9, 212-14, 217, 221-4, 230, 236, 242, 248, 261 Expert Institute of Social Research (EISR) 30-1 Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Committed by the GermanFascist Invaders and Their Accomplices in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union (1942-46) 190,211 Extremist Materials list 20, 214, 240, 260. See also Ministry of Justice Ezhov, Nikolai 162, 230 “Falsifiers of History” pamphlet (1948) 1-2,256 Fam, Konstantin 211 family history 100 famine of 1932-33 15, 20,114, 216, 260. See aho Stalin’s crimes Far East 33,40,95,101,133,198 fascism 9,17, 33, 38,49, 57, 73, 79, 83, 89,130, 139-40,154,161, 191-2,194, 201-2,214, 216-21, 224, 236,243, 256 February Revolution 77,140 Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs 137 Federal Agency for the CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) 96,209 Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (Rossmolodezh) 104,124,126 Federal Agency on Culture and Cinematography (Roskino) 209 Federal Archival Agency (Rossarkhiv) 10,12,15, 19-21,25 Federation Council 11-19, 24, 33-4, 39, 54,117,137,141,188,194,208, 242,252. See also Duma 305 Federation Council Analytical Department 13 Federation Council Foreign Affairs Committee 97,208 Federation Council Legal Department 13 Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia 69,187,206 Feigin, Mark 249 Feldmanis, Inesis 191 FIFA 2018 World Cup 141,165, 237 fifth column 37, 79, 93,108,148,165, 224 financial claims against
Russia 11-12, 14,16, 25, 41, 228 Finland 72,227 Finnish occupation of Karelia (194144) 178,227-8 Finns 227-8 First World War 57, 85-6, 88,100,138, 155,174,178 Foreign Agent law (2012) 6, 29, 35, 79, 224, 229, 240-2, 244,249, 254, 256. See also lawmaking; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code Foreign Literature Library 29 Foreign Ministry. See Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy Archives of the Russian Foreign Ministry (AVP MID) 23-4 For Human Rights movement 242 Forty Forties fundamentalist organization 143 Foster, Norman 130 France 7, 32,97,198, 207 Franz Joseph Land 181, 260 Free Historical Society (VIO) 6, 8-9, 34, 53, 67-8,80, 110,149, 183, 244-5, 249, 257 French 107,131,217 FSB 6,13, 21-3, 25, 35-6,43, 58-61, 63, 65,70,75,81,106,116,124-6, 147,161-3,173, 187, 225-6, 230, 239, 243,246-8, 254, 257 FSB Archives 22-3, 225, 227 Fukuyama, Francis 89 Furr, Grover 27
306 Gagarin, Yuri 62,121,150,173. See also Yuri Gagarin Memorial Museum Gaida, Feodor 33 Gainutdinov, Damir 232 Galeotti, Mark 73 Ganapolskii, Matvei 174 Gandlevskii, Sergei 112 Garkusha, Irina 19-20 de Gaulle, Charles 7 Gazprom 66,127,137 Gazprombank 127 Gelman, Marat 183 Geneva 108 Genghis Khan 175. See also Golden Horde genocide 33, 40,46, 72,147,188-9, 200, 213-16, 218-19, 224, 259-6!. See aho UN Genocide Convention geopolitics 3-5, 7-41,44, 56, 65, 70, 86, 93-4,97,102,123-4, 177, 259-60. See abo political technology Georgia 15, 68, 88,150,152,154,188 Georgians 38,225 Gerasimov, Alexander 111 Germans 14,28,63,73,97,102,157, 191,200, 202-3 Germany 27, 36, 74, 86,130,148,195, 205-6,237-8, 243, 246, 261 Gessen, Masha 2 Ghetto Fighters’ House 220. See aho Yad Vashem Museum Giacometti, Alberto 167 Girkin, Igor. See Strelkov, Igor Glazunov, Ilya 151 Global Peace Index 121 “Glorification of Nazism”. See Russian Penal Code: Article 354.1 Gnilorybov, Pavel 149,152, 172 Goebbels, Joseph 58, 236, 238 Golden Horde 66,88,169. See also Genghis Khan Golos election monitor 35 Gorbachev, Mikhail 8, 242, 244 Gori 152 Gorin, Baruch 206 Goskonsert 29 Index Gozman, Leonid 58 Grad multiple rocket launcher 163 Graf, Jürgen 214 the Great Leap Forward 177. See also Mao Zedong Great Northern War (1700-21 ) 125 Great Patriotic War. See Second World War the Great Terror 21-2, 32, 36, 60-1, 71, 117,149,155,164,225,230, 243, 246-7, 253. See also Stalin’s crimes Greece 33, 70,189, 239, 258 Greeks 180 Grenada 150 Grigory Rasputin House Museum 181. See also Rasputin, Grigory G20 meetings 196 Gudkov,
Lev 89,105,150,183 Gulag 6,38,71-3,112,114,116,118, 155, 223-31. See also Stalin’s crimes Gulag History State Museum 116, 118, 181,231,257 Gulag victims 21-2,37,61,71,112-17, 153-5,163,176,216, 223-8, 230-1,243-7, 257 Gumbinnen, Battle of (1914) 139 Gundiaev, Vladimir. See Kirill, Patriarch Gutteres, Antonio 208 Haifa 220 Harley Davidson motorcycle 74 Havana 201 Hellboy movie (2019) 113 Hells Angels biker club 73-5, 79 Helsinki 228 heritage buildings 179-81. See also architectural heritage Hermitage museum 23, 81 Herzen, Alexander 2 Higher School of Economics 33, 35, 68, 121,141 high treason 36-8,63-4,178,203 Hilberg, Raoul 191 Himmler, Heinrich 199 Historical Memory Foundation 4, 25, 45-6, 61, 79, 178,193, 214, 238, 256. See also Diukov, Alexander
Index Historical Perspective Foundation 4, 10,43-4, 58, 79. See also Narochnitskaia, Natalia historical reenactments 5, 56,125,130, 138-9,143-4 History of Motherland Foundation 56, 59-60,210-11,252. See also Mogilevskii, Konstantin history textbooks 5,15-18, 29, 59, 64, 86-8, 95-6,135-7,188, 224, 235, 244, 258-9. See also patriotic education program; schoolchildren; schools; school teachers Hitler, Adolf 1,14, 32, 58, 85-6,113, 116,130-1,139,141,150-1, 220, 234-7, 239, 253, 256 Hollywood 59,113,211,259 the Holocaust 6,14, 21, 32-3, 40, 45, 142,185-222, 246, 259, 261 The Holocaust: Annihilation, Liberation, Rescue traveling exhibition 212-13 Holocaust denial 9,13, 27, 38,185, 188-9, 192-5, 197-8, 207, 216 Holocaust Remembrance Day, International (January 27) 97, 192, 205,211-12, 221 Holocaust studies 214, 217, 253 the Holodomor. See the famine of 1932-33 Homs province 212 Hoss, Rainer 201 House with a Lion museum 180-1 human rights 14,16, 21,110,142, 218, 224, 242 Hunan province 177 Hungarian uprising (1956) 30 Hungary 195,216 hybrid warfare 9, 30,108,221 Iceland 239 icons 66,71,129,254 Ilyin, Ivan 65 Immortal Barracks online project 116, 244 Immortal Regiment parade 5, 60, 72-3, 91-2, 95-6, 98-9,103-9, 116, 118-19,126,130,133, 138-9, 146-7,171, 204, 209, 212 307 Immortal Stalin Regiment parade 109 Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society 70 Information Group on Crimes against the Person (IGSP) 46. See also Diukov, Alexander; Historical Memory Foundation Institute of Foreign Political Studies 256 Institute of Social, Economic, and Political Studies 61 intelligence services 21,
62-3, 65, 67, 97, 164, 251-2, 256 Interfax news agency 136 Intergovernmental Commission on the Protection of State Secrecy 21. See also archives International Association of World War II Museums 96 International Commission for the Advancement of Objective Approaches to Evaluation of Historical Facts (2016) 27 International Committee for the History of the Second World War 96 International Committee of Historical Sciences 26 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) 192,219 International Council of Museums (ICOM) 181 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) 192 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) 216 “internet troll factory” 129 Ionescu, Eugene 141 Iran 195 Iraq 37 Ireland 239 Irkutsk 168 Irkutsk State University 35 Ishim 151 Iskander mobile ballistic missile system 100. See also ballistic missiles Islamic State jihadist organization 27 Islamists. See jihadists Ismail, Battle of (1790) 145
308 Israel 6, 33, 69,108,144,185-7,194-5, 197-8, 201, 203-8, 211-13, 216, 218, 220, 222, 261 Israelis 6,159,194,208, 222 Istorik journal 61 Italy 75,239 Ivan III. See Ivan the Great Ivan IV. See Ivan the Terrible Ivanov 133 Ivanov, Sergei 58-9, 81, 94,104, 254, 260 Ivan the Great 169 Ivan the Terrible 48, 50, 67-8,136, 169-72,183, 224, 236, 256 Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan painting 170-1,256 Izborsk Club 71,122,171. See aho Prokhanov, Alexander Izvestia 157,220 Japan 33, 95, 99-101, 138,140,155 Jehovah’s Witnesses 91 Jerusalem 33,144,186-7,189, 214,222 Jewish Autonomous Republic 198 Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center 187-8, 197, 206-7, 214 Jewish organizations, Russian 186-7, 190,193-4, 197-9, 206, 212-3. See also names of individual organizations Jews 33,45,69-70,91,185-222, 236, 246, 255, 259 jihadists 122,172 Kabardino-Balkaria 150 Kadyrov, Ramzan 74,142-3,147, 240 Kalashnikov, Mikhail 126,174-5,183 Kalashnikov assault rifle. See AK-47 Kalinin, Alexander 142-3 Kalinin, Mikhail 152 Kaliningrad 31, 63-4, 74-5,100,112, 137,139,166-7,169, 234, 237 Kaluga 163,169,179-80,182, 237 Kangeris, Karlis 191 Kant, Immanuel 63-4 Kantor, Iulia 28-9 Kantor, Viacheslav Moshe 198, 217, 222 Karagodin, Denis 22,246-7 Karelia 6,178-9, 225-9, 248 Kartopolov, Andrei 59,129-30 Index Kasamara, Valeria 121 Kaspiisk 165 Katsav, Moshe 186 Katyn, mass execution of Polish ofñcers at (1940) 15-16,46,117-18,136, 229,238 Kaunas, massacre of Jews at (1941) 215. See also the Holocaust Kazakhstan 15 Kazan 66,128,152,236 Keegan, John 29 Kemerovo 104,175 Kemerovo shopping center disaster (2018) 229
Kennedy, John 7-8 Kenzhalieva, Alie 146-7 Kerch Strait 137 KGB 10, 21, 25, 56, 58-60, 63,67, 72-3, 80,83,115,163, 248. See also Cheka; FSB; NKVD; OGPU Khabarovsk 235,239 Khabensky, Konstantin 202,207-9, 211-12,217 Khachaturov, Karen 220 Khaibakh massacre ( 1944) 58 Khanty-Mansi region 91 Khazaria, victory over (965) 256 Khodorkovskii, Mikhail 105 Khoroshevo village 157 Khrushchev, Nikita 151,153,162 Khvyli-Olinter, Andrei 239 Kiev 20, 25, 57, 74,76, 108, 159,169, 188,196, 210 Kievan Rus 73-4, 85-6,169. See aho Moscovite Rus kindergartens 92,101,106,122,132-3. See also patriotic education program; preschool education King’s Cross nationalist organization 142-3 Kirchik, James 218 Kirill, Patriarch 62-6, 68-72, 75, 81,115, 170,173, 239, 251-2 Kirillova, Ksenia 109 Kirov 156,163 Kisilev, Dmitry 111, 137, 238 Klimenko, Ekaterina 68 the Knesset 197,208,213 Knowledge Foundation 30-1
Index Kolchak, Alexander 22,178 Kolomoiskyi, Ihor 188 Kolotovkin, Sergei 103 Koltyrin, Sergei 228-9 Kolyma region 154 Kolyma: The Cradle of Our Fear documentary (2019) 246. See also Dud, Yuri Komi Republic 29 Kommersant 30,48 Kommunarka mass execution site 243. See also Stalin’s crimes Komsomol 46,126,128,141-2, 251 Komsomolskaia Pravda 113 Kondopoga 179 Konev, Ivan 215 Königsberg. See Kaliningrad Konkova, Alexandra. See Sergia, Mother Kononov, Vladislav 57, 59, 92,171,182, 259 Koposov, Nikolay 19, 90,109,189, 232 Korolev 105 Kosachev, Konstantin 97, 208 Kosmodemianskaia, Zoia 51 Kostroma 176 Kotsiubinskii, Daniil 68, 233 Kovalchuk, Andrei 168 Kozlov, Vladimir 10, 20 Krasheninnikova, Veronika 256 Krasnodar 112,158,163,172, 235 Krasnoyarsk 134,237 Krasovskii, Alexei 237-8 Kravtsov, Sergei 258 the Kremlin 3-5, 8, 26, 32,40, 43-4,46, 81,83, 88-90, 94, 108, 110-11, 113, 121, 126,134,141,146-7, 169,181,187-8,197,200, 202, 210, 215, 218-22, 242-3, 246, 249, 251-4, 257, 260-1 Kropachev, Victor 167 Kropotkin 172 Kschessinskaya, Mathilde 142 Kubinka 129, 131-2, 138. See also Patriot military theme park Kuchma, Leonid 158 Kukryniksy 139 Kulikovo, Battle of (1380) 145 Kuraev, Andrei 253 Kurgan region 166 309 Kurginian, Sergei 134-5,153,170-1, 178,224 Kuril Islands 137-8,166 Kurilla, Ivan 80,110,114,168 Kurochkin, Sergei 154 Kursk 163 Kursk, Battle of (1943) 28,101 Kursk submarine disaster (2000) 68,229 Kusa 153-4 Kutaev, Ruslan 147 Kutafin Moscow State Law University 158 Kutuzov, Mikhail 173 Kuzenkov, Pavel 66 Kuzichev, Anatoly 204 Lanovoi, Vasily 103, 212 Lanzmann, Claude 203 Laos
102 Lapenkov, Sergei 103-4,108 The Last Address project 112, 245-6, 249. See also Memorial Latvia 9,14, 45, 63,121,156,186, 189-92,194-5, 199, 215 Latvians 46,191 Lavrov, Sergei 28, 59, 81, 88-9, 95, 97, 140, 192-4,196,199,213,216, 218,222, 260-1 lawmaking 9-11,13-14,16-17,20,31, 35, 55, 62,117,130,145,189, 205-6,210,214-15, 231-42, 249, 253-4, 258, 261. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of law on Archival Matters (2004) 21,36 law on Countering Extremist Activity (2002) 16 law on Days of Military Glory and Memorial Dates ( 1995) 145 law on Protection of Personal Data (2006) 21 Lazar, Beri 187-8,190,197, 217 League of Nations 26 Lemkin, Raphael 20 Lenin, Vladimir 8, 24, 47, 61, 63, 71, 108,141-2,149-50, 152,158, 164-5,169-70,177
310 Leningrad, the siege of 5, 29, 33,45,48, 86, 98,125,138,143-4,182, 206, 222, 237-9. See aho St. Petersburg Leningrad region 138 Lenin Memorial Center at Ulianovsk 177 Let’s Bike project 199 Levada pollster 21 -2, 83,107,109,121, 147,150,170. See also opinion polls Libya 37,129 Lieberman, Avigdor 216 Liege 108 Life is Beautiful movie (1997) 211 Lipetsk 172,237 Lisbon 108 Lisovoi, Nikolai 70 Listov, Mikhail 235 Lithuania 16,25,36,41,72,121,189, 195,199, 204,215-16 Lithuanians 38,46,215 Liubavich. See Chabad Liubertsy 107 Liubimova, Olga 258-9 Liubshin, Ivan 237 Livadia Museum 159-60,168 Livanov, Dmitry 148 Ljubljana 97 local history 126,128,149, 214 Lokomotiv football club 143 Lokot, Alexander 155 Lomanov, Alexander 33 London 108,119 Lubkov, Alexei 68 Lubyanka Square 50,65,114,162,164, 245 Luhansk 73,141-2,156,176 Luhansk People’s Republic 104,177 Lukashevich, Alexander 198 Luxembourg 96 Luzgin, Vladimir 233, 255 Luzhkov, Yuri 159 Maariv 186 Macedonia. See Republic of North Macedonia McFaul, Michael 84, 90 Machinskii, Sergei 92 Index Madrid 108 Magadan 22,112,154,163,234 Maidan uprising (2013-14) 19-20,159, 196 Main Cathedral of the Russian Defense Forces 129-30, 138. See also Patriot military theme park Majdanek State Museum 206 Makarov, Nikolai 27-8 Makhachkala 66,158 Malaysian Airlines Flight 17, downing of (2014) 131,255 Maltsev, Anton 181 Manchester 108 Manchuria 33 Manezh exhibition hall 57, 65, 68 Mannerheim, Karl 178 Mao Zedong 150,177 Mao Zedong House Museum 177 March of the Living 201. See also the Holocaust; Israel Mari El Republic 130,156, 229 Markova, Yulia
206 Marks 209 Marx, Karl 7, 24,150 Marxism 7, 50, 88 Mask of Sorrow monument (1996) 163 Matanzas 201 Matilda movie (2017) 69,113,142-3, 256 Matvienko, Valentína 15, 54,137,141, 208, 251-2 Maus: A Survivor’s Tale (1991) 214 May 9 celebration 5, 34,61, 77, 89-109, 132,138-9, 146,185, 186, 193, 196-7, 200-1,206, 209-10, 233-5, 257,259-60 Medinskii, Vladimir 4-5,19, 26,40, 46-60, 64-5, 69,80-1, 88, 92, 97,102, 111, 113, 118,122, 131, 136,140,142,157-8,169-70, 174,178-9,181-2, 202, 205, 211, 232,238, 242, 245, 251-2, 254-6, 258-9 Medvedev, Dmitry 10-13, 55, 81, 85-7, 91,110,113,124,190,231,246 Medvedev, Sergei 209 Medvezhiegorsk 228-9 Mein Kampf 239. See abo Hitler, Adolf
Index Meisler, Frank 159 Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People 146. See also Dzhemilev, Mustafa Memorial 6, 25, 71,110,113-14,118, 149, 164, 183, 223,225-31, 240-6, 248-9 Memorial Candle monument (2020) 33, 144, 222 memorial days. See also state holidays Constitution Day (December 12) 144 Day in Honor of Internationalist Soldiers (February 15) 145 Day of Incorporation of Crimea (March 18) 144-5 Day of Incorporation of Crimea, Taman, and Kuban into the Russian Empire (April 19) 145 Day of the 1917 October Revolution (November 7) 145 Day of Remembrance and Grief (June 22) 116,177 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Deportation, Crimea (April 18) 146,161 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression (October 30) 146,245 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Radiation Accidents and Disasters (April 26) 145 Day of Russian Parliamentarism (April 27) 145 Day of St. Peter and Fevronia (July 8) 75 Day of Solidarity in the Fight against Terrorism (September 3) 145 Day of the Security Service Official (December 20) 60, 63 Patriotism Day, proposed (August 6) 145 Memorial de la Shoah 217 Memorialization of the Victims of Soviet Political Repression policy framework (2015) 213-14, 224, 231 Mephistopheles bas-relief 179 Merkel, Angela 95 Merridale, Catherine 3 311 Miagkov, Mikhail 28, 53-4, 58-9, 64, 89, 118, 260 Miasnikov, Alexander 66 Middle East 70, 72 Mikhailov, Vladimir 176 Mikhalkov, Nikita 54-5,242, 259 Military Prosecutor General’s Office 247 Military Uniform Museum 157 Millennium of Russia monument (1862) 169-70 Miller, Alexei 33, 81 Milonov, Vitaly 37, 235 Ministry of Agriculture
125 ministry of culture 4,18, 23, 26, 29, 51,57, 59, 80-1,113,124-5, 130-1,145,157, 171, 174-5, 179,182, 203, 227-8, 236, 248, 252, 258-9. See also Medinskii, Vladimir ministry of defense 5,18-20, 22-4, 30, 39, 59,64, 75-6, 81,91,124-33, 138,148, 187, 212, 227-8, 230, 240, 252. See aho Shoigu, Sergei ministry of education and science 1517, 26-7, 35, 38, 52, 54, 59,64, 67-8,81,98,124,126,135-6, 148,157, 243,255, 258. See also Vasilieva, Olga Ministry of Emergency Situations 9,125 Ministry of Energy 125 Ministry of Enlightenment. See Ministry of Education and Science Ministry of Fisheries 125 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4, 9,12, 15-16, 18,23, 39-41,58,64,74, 81, 88-9, 95,97, 108,124, 126, 190-5,199-200, 205-6,212-13, 216,218-19, 221-2,241, 259-60. See also Lavrov, Sergei Ministry of Health 125 Ministry of Justice 20, 22, 70, 214, 240-1,260 Ministry of the Interior 22, 36, 70, 124-6, 230 Ministry of Trade 125 Mironenko, Sergei 25-6,38,50-1,54 Mogilevskii, Konstantin 59-60, 210-11, 252 Moldova 189
312 Molodaia gvardiia nationalist youth organization 119,134, 234 Molotov, Vyacheslav 28 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) 1,10, 30, 32-3, 86, 186, 193, 215, 220, 233, 256, 261 Mongolia 108,161 "monstration” happening 119 Montclair State University 27 Montreal 108 Montreal University 27 monuments Alexander II 168 Alexanderül 168 Alley of Russian Glory 172-4 Authorities in the Service of the People 176 Borodino Bread 175 Brezhnev, Leonid 150 Children’s Round Dance fountain in Volgograd 73, 78,176 Churchill and Roosevelt in London 199 commissioned by RVIO 173-5 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 50,150,162-5, 183 First World War 57 Gagarin, Yuri 150,173 Genghis Khan 175 Gorbachev, Mikhail 158 the Holocaust 186,189-90, 200, 203, 208 Ivan the Great 169 Ivan the Terrible 169-72, 183, 256 Kalashnikov, Mikhail 174-5,183 Kalinin, Mikhail 152 Kant, Immanuel 63-4 at Katyn 117-18 Kolchak, Alexander 178 Konev, Ivan 215 Kutuzov, Mikhail 173 Lenin, Vladimir 71,141,150,152, 158,165, 169, 178 Mannerheim, Karl 178 Marx, Karl 150 Millennium of Russia 169-70 Mozgovoi “Ghost” Alexei 172 Nevsky, Prince Alexander 169,172 and Night Wolves biker club 176-7 Index Nikolai II 155,168, 256, 259 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 152 Panfilovs twenty-eight 50 Paveli 172 Peter the Great 154 Pozharsky, Prince Dmitry 154 Putin, Vladimir 166-8 Putin’s “green men” 128,167-8,183 St. Barbara 175 saints 259 Second World War 9,14,20, 32, 56, 74, 77, 90, 96-7,100,102,125, 134, 147,165,172, 177, 186-7, 193-5,198-9, 207-8, 210, 213, 215, 221-2, 234-7,240 security services 60 siege of Leningrad 144, 222 Slavic Girl’s Farewell 174 Solzhenitsyn,
Alexander 112 Soviet Legacy 163 Stalin, Josef 6,45, 71, 74,112,117, 119,146, 149-62,168,172, 183 victims of Stalin 6,15,71,112-15, 147,154,176,225, 229, 243-5 Vladimir, Prince 169-70,175,183 Waffen SS 192 Yalta Conference 74,158-61,183 Mordovia 107 Morozov, Alexander 7-8 Moscovite Rus 7, 88. See also Kievan Rus Moscow 5-7,23-5, 27-9, 44-6, 50, 57, 60, 62, 65-6, 71, 74-6, 79, 83-4, 90, 93, 96,100-1,103-4, 107-9, 111-16,118-19,128-9, 131, 139, 141, 143-6, 150,152,1579,162, 164,166, 169-70,173-5, 178-9,181, 186-8, 194, 196, 198,200-2, 204, 206-9, 213-15, 220, 228, 231, 236, 239-40, 242-3, 246-7, 256-7, 261 Moscow Helsinki Group 242 Moscow Human Rights Bureau 193 Moscow Patriarchate 62-3,66, 69-70. See also Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate Cultural Council and Humanitarian Project Foundation 66. See also Tikhon, Bishop
Index Moscow Pedagogical State University 31-2,43, 68, 253-4 Moscow Region State University 31 Moscow River 169 Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences 34,258 Moscow State University (MGU) 12,15, 30-1,33,52,66,253 Moscow State University of International Relations (MGIMO) 35, 46, 225,253 Moscow theater hostage crisis (2002) 68 Moscow Theological Academy 225 Mosin, Alexei 244 Moskalkova, Tatiana 189 Motherland Calls statue (1967) 234 “Motorola”. See Pavlov, Arseny movies, historical 18,26, 50-1, 59-60, 113,130,136, 140, 142-3, 202-12, 217, 221. See also names of individual movies Mozgovoi “Ghost” Alexei 172 Mtsituridze, Ekaterina 209 Munich Agreement (1938) 1, 86,186 Murmansk 138 Museum of Arctic Exploration 181, 260 Museum of History of the Military Commandant’s Office 60 Museum of the Russian Icon 181 Museum of the USSR, proposed 177 museums 57, 60,62, 64-8, 71-2,74, 87, 96-7, 111, 114, 116,118-19, 125-8,138-9,150-1,153-4, 156-7,159,176-8,180-2, 186-7,190,195-7, 200, 202-6, 214, 220, 223-31, 236-8, 240-4, 248-9, 254, 256, 260. See aho names of individual museums Muslims 91,201,242 Mussolini, Benito 150 Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) 89, 125, 138,173 Narian-Mar 91 Narochnitskaia, Natalia 4,10, 43-4, 58, 79,122 Narodnyi sobor 37 Narusova, Liudmila 54 313 Narva 108 Naryshkin, Sergei 10-11, 21, 56-9,80-1, 95-7, 137, 160, 164, 251-2, 256 Nashi nationalist youth organization 7, 134-5 Natanya 186-7, 207, 222 National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS) 36 National Guard (Rossgvardiia) 133 National Liberation Movement (NOD) nationalist organization 135, 243 national security
program 8,114,126 National World War II Museum 119 NATO 27, 37, 56, 88, 97, 186, 190,200 Navalny, Alexei 75, 81, 234-5, 239, 245 Nazi death camps 6, 98,185,192,196-7, 199-200, 202-6, 208-15, 217, 219-21. See also names of individual camps Nazi Germany 1,5,9-11,14,17,56-8, 70, 73, 76-7, 84-6, 90-2, 94, 978, 100, 102,116, 119, 129-30, 132-3, 138, 140, 143, 149-50, 174,185, 188-95, 198-9, 207, 213,216,219-21,225,233-4, 236-9, 242, 253, 256-7, 259, 261 Nazi mass murder of Jews. See the Holocaust Nazis 4, 9,14, 37, 75,103,108,132,139, 160, 186-7, 189, 198, 202-4, 206-7,210,215, 218-21,239, 246, 253 Nazism 10, 14, 16-18, 25, 32, 55, 58, 83, 94, 96-7,139, 146, 156, 160, 168, 187-91, 193-5,197-8, 201, 206,208,210, 213, 219-20, 222, 231, 233-4, 236, 238, 255, 260 Nazi-Soviet Relations from 1939 to 1941 document collection (1948) 1-2 Nebenzia, Vasily 194 Nechaev, Sergei 209 Neizvestnyi, Ernst 112 Nemes, László 211 Nemtsov, Boris, assassination of (2015) 241 neo-Nazism 14, 57, 192, 195,208, 217 Netanyahu, Benjamin 187, 206-7,212
314 the Netherlands 128, 204-5, 207, 239 Neva River 129 Nevinnomyssk 209 Nevsky, Prince Alexander 47,129,136, 172 Nevzorov, Alexander 121 New Chronology museum, proposed 181 New Orleans 119 New York City 43,192-3,213,221 New York Times 95 Nezavisimaia Gazeta 7 Night Wolves biker club 5, 72-9, 81,101, 132,135,145,171,176-7. See also biker festivals; Zaldostanov, Alexander Nikiforov, Yuri 58,140, 260 Nikolai II 69, 77, 85-6,100,142-3,155, 168,224, 256 Nizhnevartovsk 209 Nizhnii Novgorod 112,181 Nizhnii Tagil 139 NKVD 21 -2,46, 58, 60֊ 1, 73,102,107, 109,112-13,162,165, 225, 230-1, 238, 243-4, 246-8. See also Cheka; FSB; KGB; OGPU NOD. See National Liberation Movement nongovernment organizations 4-6, 35, 43, 217-18, 249. See also names of individual organizations Norman theory 85 North America 26 North Caucasus 6,66,150,242. See also Caucasus North Ossetia 150-1,165 Norway 181,195, 239 Norwegian Holocaust Center 201, 208, 216,261 Novaia Gazeta 38,49, 54,225 November 7 parade, Soviet 105,145 Novgorod 139,169-70 Novocherkassk 152-3 Novodevichii Convent 80-1 Novorossia. See Donbass Novorossiysk 73,166-7, 235 Novosibirsk 22, 63,102,112,119,139, 143,152, 154-5,165,168 Novosti 56 Novosti news agency 93 Index Novyi Urengoi 137, 238 Nowak-Jeziorański, Jan 233 NTV channel 224,253 Nuremberg judgement ( 1946) 10-11,13, 18, 38,188,190-3, 213, 218-19, 232, 234 Nuremberg trial ( 1945-46) 15,17, 38-9, 95,140,160,191,193,199, 203, 213, 215, 219-21, 232, 234, 247 Obama, Barack 90 Obninsk 105 Ob River 153 Odessa, fire at (2014) 209 Ogonek magazine 136 OGPU 60,230-1. See also Cheka; FSB; KGB;
NKVD oligarchs 32, 48,137,222. See also names of individual oligarchs Olma Media Group 48 Olympic Games. See Sochi Winter Olympic Games Omsk 100,236 “On Attempts at Falsification of History” statement (2005) 9 Open Media 128 opinion polls 10,21-2,43, 61, 83,100, 107,109-10,116,121,141, 143-5,147-50, 154-5, 169-70, 223 Oppenheimer, Robert 174 Orange Revolution. See Maidan uprising Orbán, Viktor 34 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 152 Orekh, Anton 110 Orel 100,139,169-71 Orenburg 62 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. See OSCE Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists/ Ukrainian Insurgent Army. See OUN/UPA Orthodox churches and chapels 5, 61-2, 70-1,75,129-30,138, 152, 170, 179-81,195, 225 Orthodox clergy 64, 71, 74-5, 91,107, 114,130, 235, 239,252 Orwell, George 53
Index Oscars nominations. See Academy Awards OSCE 33, 95,189, 191,195, 198-9 Oslo 201, 208, 216, 261 Ostrov 156 Otstavnykh, Valery 62 Ottawa 108 Ottoman Empire 72 OUN/UPA 15,19,45,199, 220 Our Duty Foundation 159 Pacific Ocean 100 Pakhaliuk, Konstantin 252 Pale of Jewish Settlement 67 Palmyra 27 Panchenko, Alexander 233 Panfilov, Ivan 50 Panfilov’s twenty-eight 26, 50-1, 57-8, 129,136 Panfilov’s 28 movie (2016) 51, 57,102 Paris 44, 86, 213, 217 partisans. See Soviet partisans Passover 197 patriotic education 5,44, 48, 58, 60, 65, 81,93, 100,114,121-7, 130, 132,134-5,147-8,172-3,182, 198,209, 249, 251,253, 255-6, 261 patriotic education program 122-6, 147-8,173, 182, 255 Patriot military theme park 5,101,126, 129-32,138,174 Paulus, Friedrich, surrender of (1943) 139 Pavel I 40,172 Pavlenskii, Piotr 247-8 Pavlov “Motorola” Arseny 108 Pavlovskii, Gleb 84 Pechersky, Alexander 6, 202, 207-8, 210-1. See also Alexander Pechersky Foundation Pentecost Church 233 Penza 156 People’s Memorial House Museum of Gulag History 229-31, 248, 257 People’s Memory online project (2015) 24. See also Ministry of Defense Peoples’ Tragedy monument (1996) 186 315 Peres, Shimon 188,190 Perestroika 8, 31, 50,73,110,152, 244 Perm 112,137,209,223,233 Perm 36 Gulag Museum 6, 28, 223-5, 229, 242, 248-9, 257 Permiakov, Igor 19 Persson, Göran 216 Peskov, Dmitry 113,155,241 Peter the Great 154,170 Petropavlovsk fortress 179 Petrov, Alexei 35 Petrov, Nikita 21,25 Petrov, Yuri 68,119 Petrozavodsk 226 Petrozavodsk State University 227 PhD theses 36-8, 40, 46, 51 ֊5, 64, 68, 80, 203, 211, 233, 245, 252, 258
Philippov, Alexander 33 Pianist movie (2002) 211 Piatigorsk 133 Pikhoia, Rudolf 21 Pink Floyd 49 Piotrovsky, Mikhail 23 Pivovar, Efim 40 plagiarism, academic 34, 52-5,158,174, 258 Pobeda low-cost airline 98 Pobeda TV channel 98 pobedobesie 98-9,101-2,118 Podolsk 19 Poklonnaia Hill 97,103,159 Poklonskaia, Natalia 113,142-3,161 Poland 9,12,16, 20, 24-7, 32-3,41, 44, 72,74, 86, 97,117,121, 186, 189,195-7, 199-208,210-11, 215-16, 219, 225-6, 229, 233, 237,239,253, 256 Polanski, Roman 211 Poles 15, 20,45-6,97, 117-18, 136, 140, 144,210,215, 225,233 Polian, Pavel 19, 217 Polish Academy of Sciences 44 “Polish Holocaust law” (2018) 215 Polish Institute of National Remembrance 12, 30-1, 44-5 Polish-Moscovite War (1609-18) 47-9, 125 Polish Parliament 20, 33, 205 "polite people”. See Putin’s “green men”
316 political dissent, suppression of 6,88, 145,232, 258,261. See also criminal prosecution; Russian Penal Code political technology 2-3, 244, 254. See ako geopolitics Polivanova, Alexandra 110 Poltava, Battle of (1709) 145 Ponomarev, Lev 242 Ponomarev, Mikhail 14 Popov, Gavriil 58 Poroshenko, Petro 108,196 Portugal 108 Potomskii, Vadim 170 Potsdam Conference (1945) 56,159-60 Pozharsky, Prince Dmitry 154 Prague 215 preschool education 122, 132-3. See also kindergartens Presidential Administration 6,10, 56, 59, 80,94,104, 161, 166, 260 Presidential Human Rights Council 51, 110, 222, 248 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 128-9 Prilepin, Zakhar 122 Princeton University 27 prisoners of war 33, 36-7,46, 97,129, 139, 190, 199, 202-3, 207, 220, 227-9 pro-democracy protests of 2011-12,4, 8, 39, 55, 62, 68, 186, 220-1, 224, 249, 251. See also public protests Prokhanov, Alexander 71, 77,122-3, 154,170-1 Prokhorov, Mikhail 112 pro-Kremlin organizations 4-5, 7,10, 13-14,29-30, 37-8,43-6, 55֊ 61,70, 72-81,98, 119,134-5, 173, 178, 188-90,193-4, 197-9, 201, 203-4, 206, 210, 212-13, 217-18,221-2,224,227-8, 234, 238,242-4, 249, 252-3, 255-6, 259. See also names of individual organizations Prosecutor General’s Office 10,12, 22, 39, 111, 113,142, 161,230,241 prosecutor’s office 35-7,146,178, 233-9 Prosveshchenie publishing house 137. See also Rotenberg, Arkady Index Prudovskii, Sergei 21-2,245 Pskov 25, 63, 65, 69,122-3,138, 229, 235 Pskov-Pechory Monastery of the Caves 65 public protests 100,145. See also pro democracy protests of 2011-12 Pushilin, Denis 156 Pushkin State Art Museum 23 Pussy Riot 62
putsch of August 1991 165 Putin, Vladimir and Alexander III 65,168 an antisemitic remark by 218 and archives 19, 24-6, 59 and Article 354.1 (glorification of Nazism) 232 and Bishop Tikhon 63, 65 and the Bolshevik Revolution 86 and Clinton, Hillary 86 compared to Hitler 235 and the Constitution 223,258 and Crimean Tatars 146 criticism of proscribed 240, 258 cronies of 44, 54, 69,103,137,182, 222, 242, 258-9 and the cult of the Second World War 5, 24, 30, 32-3, 85-7, 89-97,100,119, 140,182, 261 and Dzerzhinsky, Felix 6,162,164 and the European University at St. Petersburg 34 and the Holocaust 6,45,144,185-8, 196-7, 202-3, 205-7,212, 216-18,222 and ideology 2-4, 7-8,47, 72, 86, 110,173 and Immortal Regiment 96,104-5, 118 and the information security doctrine 242 in Israel 144 and Ivan the Terrible 171 joins Yeltsin’s administration 65 and Kadyrov, Ramzan 147 and Katyn memorial 118 as a KGB officer 83-4,140,162 and Lenin, Vladimir 142 and Matilda movie 142-3
Index and memorial days 145 Munich speech by 88-9 and museums 182 neologisms by 48-9 and Night Wolves biker club 73, 75, 77-9,81,138,176-7 and Panfilov’s 28 51 parents of 86 and Patriarch Kirill 68,71 and patriotic education 121,123-6, 128, 249 and Patriot military theme park 129,132 as president 7,9,11, 36, 39, 69, 75, 80,84,109,121, 135,151, 170, 185-6, 196,223, 239, 249, 251, 253, 257 and Prigozhin, Yevgeny 128 and Prince Vladimir 170,180 proclaimed the Year of Memory and Glory in Russia 97 promotes Chersonesos 86,180 and “Russia: My History” theme park 65-6 and the Russian Orthodox Church 61,69 and Shcherbakov, Salavat 173-4 and the siege of Leningrad 86,144 and Stalin, Josef 5, 68, 85, 87,109-11, 115,121,132,158,162 and Stalin’s crimes 87,110,114-15, 118, 231 and state holidays 144 statues of 6,166-8,183,258 and Strelkov, Igor 63 and a system of governance instituted by 39, 56, 58-9, 80, 217, 252-5,257-8 and a unified textbook 135 and Victory organizing committee 93-5,193 views on history by 3-5,14,16, 28, 33,41,69-70, 83-9,96, 221, 242, 251, 253-5, 260 and war veterans 24-5, 98,205-6 on Yalta Conference 74, 158, 160-1 and Youth Army 128 Putinism 7,89, 257 317 Putin’s “green men” 73,101,128,132, 167-8,183 Queen Mary University of London 213 rabbis 187-9 Rachinskii, Ian 243 racism 9,14,191-2,219 Rada 159 Radev, Rumen 72 Radio Liberty 109,113,123, 241 Rasputin, Grigory 40, 77,181. See also Grigory Rasputin House Museum Red Army 6,20,24-5, 36-7, 84, 92,128, 160,178,186-8, 191-2,194, 196-8, 201,203-6, 212-14, 217֊ 19, 259, 261. See also soldiers, Soviet Red Cross 36 Red
Square 24, 95, 97,101-2,139,141, 145,173,235 Red Terror (1918-22) 60,162-4, 257 Reichstag building, storming of a replica at Patriot military theme park (2017) 130-1 relics 75,182. See abo saints REN TV 101 Repin, Ilya 170 Republic of North Macedonia 200-1 Republic of Sakha 71,152 Republika Srpska 75 Restoring the Names ceremony 71,245, 249. See also Memorial Reznik, Henry 233 RIA news agency 210 Righteous among the Nations database 216. See also Yad Vashem Museum RIO. See Russian Historical Society “Rio Rita: The Joy of Victory” happening 138-9,257 Rogozin, Dmitry 94,112 Roma people 200 Romania 200 Romanov, Roman 118 Rome 108 Roosevelt, D. Franklin 74,119,158-9, 161,204
318 Roskino. See Federal Agency on Culture and Cinematography Rossgvardiia. See National Guard Rossiia One TV channel 111, 207 Rossiia 24 TV channel 54, 227, 243 Rossiiskaia Gazeta 52, 58, 60,192, 246 Rossotrudnichestvo. See Federal Agency for the CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation Rossvoentsentr. See Russian State Military History and Cultural Center Rostov-on-Don 133,168,189-90, 203, 209 Rotenberg, Arkady 48,137 Rotterdam, bombing of ( 1940) 97 Rousseau, Henri 181 RT. See Russia Today Russia in Global Affairs 32-3 “Russia: My History” theme park 5, 65-8, 70, 81,129, 138,182, 236, 254 Russian Academy of Education 15 Russian Academy of Arts 158, 186,193 Russian Academy of Sciences 4,10,1213, 15, 18,27-8, 32-4, 36-8, 66, 68,81,84-5,91,118-19, 125, 135, 252-3. See also Chubarian, Alexander Russian Administrative Code. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code; Soviet Penal Code Article 20.1 (disrespect toward the society and the state) 240 Article 20.3 (display of Nazi symbols) 231,234-6 Russian Army 95-7,100-1,132,145-6, 148,173,181. See also Red Army Russian Association of History Teachers 17 Russian Center for Holocaust and Genocide History 198, 21214, 222. See also Altman, Ilya Russian Central State Museum of Contemporary History 61,117 Index Russian Civil War (1918-22) 77, 86, 93, 100,140,178 Russian Criminal Code. See Russian Penal Code Russian Empire 3, 7,15, 20, 30, 55, 62, 65, 72, 76, 86, 88, 128, 141-2, 166,211 Russian Geographical Society 128 Russian Government 3-4, 6,16,
25-6, 28, 39, 73, 80-1, 84, 90, 98,118, 123, 135,147-8,173, 176, 187, 196, 200,210,215,218, 222-4, 239,251-5, 258-61. See also Duma; Federation Council. See also names of individual ministries Russian Historical Society (RIO) 5, 13-15,17-18,21,26-7, 30, 32, 46, 55-6, 59, 79-80,84-5, 95, 160, 251-2, 254, 259. See also Naryshkin, Sergei Russian Imperial Historical Society 79 Russian Institute of History Politics, proposed 4,29-31,253,257-8 Russian Institute of National Remembrance 59 Russian Investigative Committee 69, 117,189, 228, 234,237-8, 246 Russian Jewish Congress 197, 212-13 Russian Liberation Army 15. See also Vlasov, Andrei Russian Liberation Movement (SERB) nationalist organization 135, 238,243 Russian Military Historical Society (RVIO) 5, 27-8, 31 -2,46, 51, 53, 55-61, 64, 74, 80-1, 84, 89, 92, 95, 97, 111, 117-18, 126, 128, 130, 133-4, 138-40,156-7, 169, 171,173-5, 178, 181,200, 203-4, 208-11, 218, 227-8, 244, 252, 254-6, 259-60. See also Medinskii, Vladimir Russian Orthodox Church 2, 5, 23, 43-4, 61-75, 81, 90-1, 105, 115,121, 129-30, 136, 141-3, 157, 168-70,173, 176, 179-82, 187, 225, 231, 239, 251-4, 256, 259. See also Kirill, Patriarch;
Index Moscow Patriarchate; Orthodox churches; Orthodox priests; “Russia: My History” theme park; Tikhon, Bishop Russian Orthodox University 66 Russian Penal Code. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Administrative Code; Soviet Penal Code Article 148 (offending religious sentiments of the believers) 62,142, 239 Article 205.2 (justification of terrorism) 237 Article 214 (vandalism) 247-8 Article 242 (distribution of pornography) 237 Article 243 (destruction of cultural heritage) 228,240 Article 244 (desecration of burial sites) 228,231,234 Article 275 (high treason) 23 Article 282 (incitement of ethnic hatred) 6,231,236-8 Article 354.1 (glorification of Nazism) 6,37-8,72-3,131, 150-1,178,189,219, 231-4, 235,238,255, 261 Russian Political Scientists Society 30 Russian Railway Museum 182 Russian Railways 56, 93,174,182 Russians 2,7, 14, 18, 30, 33,48, 51, 58-9, 62, 65, 68,77,83-90, 94, 100,102,105-13,116,118-19, 121-5, 131-2,135-6,140-1, 144-5,147-9, 152,166, 169, 171-2,174,177,181, 185-6, 191,197, 204, 208-10, 212, 218, 225, 236,242,257,259-60 Russian Schoolchildren’s Movement 126-7 Russian Search Movement 64, 95,100, 125-6, 234 Russian State Archives (GARF) 21, 25, 38, 50-1, 54, 141 Russian State Archives of Literature and Arts (RGALI) 24 319 Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (RGASPI) 24 Russian State Historical Museum 23, 111,256 Russian State Library 54 Russian State Military Historical Archives (RGVIA) 19-20 Russian State Military History and Cultural Center (Rossvoentsentr) 124,173 Russian State Nuclear Energy
Corporation 124 Russian State Social University (RGSU) 46 Russian State Space Corporation 124 Russian State University for the Humanities (RGGU) 29, 66, 68, 198, 201,213-14 Russian Supreme Court 22,233,247 Russian World, concept of 44, 78 Russian Writers Union 48 “Russia’s Foreign Policy in a Historical Perspective” opinion piece (2016) 88. See also Lavrov, Sergei Russia Today (RT) 8,59,95,201, 238,256. See also Simonian, Margarita Russkaia narodnaia liniia nationalist organization 37 Russkii lad nationalist organization 38 Russkii Vestnik 214 Russo-Georgian War (2008) 68, 88,132, 188 Russophobia, allegations of 27, 38,112, 148, 171, 197,207, 239 RVIO. See Russian Military Historical Society Ryazan 29,164,169, 241 Ryzhkov, Vladimir 154 Rzhev 157 St. Barbara statue, proposed 175 St. George 75, 78,101,104 St. George’s Cross 93 St. George’s ribbon 93, 95, 98,108,128, 234. See also May 9 celebration St. Isaak’s Cathedral 23 St. Matrona of Moscow 71
320 St. Michael 174 St. Nicholas 75 St. Peter’s Basilica 75 St. Petersburg 23-4, 28, 33, 35-8,49, 66, 68, 71, 75, 81, 93,100-2, 117,128-9,131,133,138,141, 143-4,154,165-6,170,177-9, 181-2, 209, 233,235,237, 239,241, 244,257-8. See also Leningrad, the siege of St. Petersburg Military Academy 178 St. Petersburg State University 31, 38, 233 saints 6,62, 71,143,168-9,173,175, 181-2,186, 256, 259. See also relics Sakha Republic 71,152 Sakharov, Andrei (historian) 10 Sakharov, Andrei (scientist and human rights activist) 174 Sakharov Center 6,115,118, 240, 243 Samara 151,236 Samodurov, Yuri 115-16, 243 Samoilova, Yulia 108, 210 Sandarmokh memorial cemetery 6, 225-9, 257. See also Dmitriev, Yuri Sanina, Anna 122-3 Sarapul 209 Saratov 79, 100,151,163,180 Saratov State University 35 Satanism 79,176,180 Savenkov, Alexander 14 Sberbank 127 Scandinavia 52 Scandinavians 85 Schindler’s List movie ( 1992) 211 schoolchildren 17-18, 67,105, 108-9, 116,122-3, 126-31, 133-5,148, !73, 204,209-10, 235-8, 242-4. See also history textbooks; patriotic education program; Youth Army children’s organization schools 5,17-18, 67, 75, 85, 88,92, 104-5,107, 122-3,126-7,135, 172-3,198, 209-10,213, 235, 238, 241-4 Index school teachers 17,67,122,126,135-7, 147-8, 209, 239, 243-4, 255 Schwarzenegger, Arnold 112 Scopus citation database 31. See also Web of Science Second World War 1 -2,4-5, 9,11 -12, 14-15,18,24, 30-4, 36-9,41, 45-6, 50-1, 56-9,64,67, 73-6, 83-109,112,115-16,118-19, 121,123,125-6, 128-32,134, 136-40,149,152, 156, 159-61, 172-4,176-8,182,185-201, 203-5, 207-8,210,212-13, 215,217,219-20, 222,
227-8, 232-40, 243-4, 253, 257-8, 260 Secret Speech by Khrushchev (1956) 153. See also de-Stalinization; Khrushchev, Nikita Security Council, Russian 30, 59 security services. See FSB Selin, Adrian 68 Semenov, Vitaly 35 Seoul 108 SERB. See Russian Liberation Movement Serbia 37, 56,93,97,206 serfdom, abolition of 171-2 Sergia, Mother 63 Sevastopol 73-6,78-9, 86,101,104-5, 133,138,147, 154,180, 188 Severomorsk 127 Shablinskii, Ilya 51 Shalev, Andrei 243-4 Shapovalov, Vladimir 32 Sharon, Ariel 185 Shcherbakov, Salavat 167-9,173-5,186, 217, 252 Sheremetyevo airport 79 Sherlanger 156 Shetyna, Grzegorz 196 Shevkunov, Georgy. See Tikhon, Bishop Shies, proposed landfill at 110 Shkolnik, Alexander 96-7 Shleimovich, Emil 222 Shmyrov, Victor 224-5, 229,248 Shneer, Aron 186 Shoigu, Sergei 5,9-11, 81,102,127-31, 138, 204,252
Index Shpigel, Boris 4,45,79,188-9,193-5, 214,217 Shpileva, Anzhelika 237 Shtyrev, Viacheslav 16-17 Shutov, Andrei 30, 32 Siberia 66,104,139,151, 153, 234,238, 246 Sikorski, Radosław 196 Sillamäe 108 Simferopol 73,146-7,161,167-8 Simindei, Vladimir 45 Simonian, Margarita 95, 256 Simon Wiesenthal Center 189 Skopje 108,200-1 Škripal, Sergei, attempted assassination of (2018) 40 slavery 135 Slaviansk 63 Slavic Girl’s Farewell statue (2014) 174 Slavs 33,67,75,130,169,199,218 Slier, Paula 201 Slovakia 200, 204-5, 207, 213 Slovaks 78 Slovenia 97 Smetanskii, Daniil 235 Smirnov, Dmitry 129 Smolensk 47-8,163, 235,254 Smolny College 233 Sobchak, Ksenia 55 Sobianin, Sergei 11, 65,246 Sobibor death camp 6, 32,202-5, 208, 211-12, 220-1 .See also the Holocaust; Nazi death camps Sobibor memorial 204-6, 208 Sobibor movie (2018) 6, 60, 201 -12 Sochi 96, 110,112,159, 206, 236 Sochi Winter Olympic Games 3,76, 94, 98,127,137,147 Social Science Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24 Sofia 72,108 Sofrino 70 Sokolov, Nikita 9 Sokolov, Oleg 57 soldiers, Soviet 6,14, 18, 24, 64, 75, 84, 97-8,100,128-32,140,144, 186, 191, 198-9, 203,210,212, 220-1, 227-8, 234-5, 260. See also Red Army 321 Solonin, Mark 58 Solovetsky Islands 71-2 Solovetsky Monastery 71-2 Solovetsky stone memorial ( 1990) 71, 114, 245 Soloviev, Vladimir 218 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 112, 247-8 Son of Saul movie (2015) 211 Soros Foundation 29 South America 212-13 South Europe 33 South Ossetia 75 sovereign democracy, concept of 7,134, 261. See also Surkov, Vladislav Sovetsk 237 Soviet Army. See Red Army Soviet Extraordinary
Commission. See Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Committed by the GermanFascist Invaders and Their Accomplices in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union “Soviet Genocide in Ukraine” article (1953) 20 Soviet Information Bureau 1 Sovietization of Eastern Europe 58,74,97 Sovietology 15,26,39 Soviet partisans 13,197 Soviet Penal Code. See also Russian Penal Code Article 70 (anti-Soviet propaganda) 232 Article 71 (propaganda of war) 232 Soviet people 1-2, 37, 50, 58, 76, 88, 94, 111, 113,117, 140, 145,185, 189- 91, 203,207, 217, 222 Soviet Pioneer organization 126-7, 251 Soviet Union 1-3, 7-12,14-15,17-18, 23-7, 30-9,45-6,49, 57-61, 65, 70-2, 74-8, 81, 83-110,113-19, 121-3,127-30, 132, 136, 138, 140,143-6,148-51,155-6, 161-6,174-7,179, 183,185-7, 190-1,193-4,198-201, 203-5, 207-8, 210, 212-23, 229-30, 232-4, 236, 240,243,251-4, 256-7,259-61
322 Index Soviet war in Afghanistan 23,125,145, 256 Soviet war memorials 7,14,20, 32, 96-7, 100,125,134,193-5,198-9, 207-8, 210, 213, 215, 221, 234-7, 240. See also monuments space program 83,112,232. See also Gagarin, Yuri; Rogozin, Dmitry Spain 33,151,179,239 Sparrow Hills 164,169 Spartak football club 143 Spaso-Andronnikov Monastery 62 Spetsnaz, Russian special forces 128,133 Spiegelman, Art 214 Spielberg, Steven 211 Sputnik 95 Sretensky Monastery 63-5,179 Sretensky theological seminary 64,66 Stalin, Josef 1-2,5-6, 15, 32-3, 37,45, 50-1,57,61, 68, 70-1, 73-4, 76-8, 85-6, 89-90, 92, 102-3, 105,108-19,121,130,132,134, 136,141, 146-7,149-62, 164-6, 168,170, 177, 183, 203,219-20, 224, 234, 237-9, 242, 246, 253, 256-7 Stalingrad. See Volgograd Stalingrad, Battle of (1942-43) 28,30, 48, 76, 92,138,145,154,165, 176 Stalin house museum 157 Stalinism 6, 8,14,17, 21, 31, 37, 55, 70, 81,110,112-13,116-17,119, 150, 218, 240, 246, 257. See also de-Stalinization Stalinists 90,109,111-12,136,147, 153-4, 183, 238, 247 Stalino. See Donetsk Stalin’s crimes 4, 6, 9,14, 21-2, 25, 27, 31-2, 36,45-6, 58, 60-1, 67-8, 71-3, 81, 87-9, 109-18, 135-7, 146-7,149, 153-5,162, 164, 176-7, 222-31, 243-8,254, 257, 260. See also Butovo mass execution site; deportations; the famine of 1932-33; Great Terror; Gulag; Khaibakh massacre; Kommunarka mass execution site; NKVD; Perm 36; Red Terror; Sandarmokh memorial cemetery Stalin’s victims. See Gulag victims Starikov, Nikolai 2, 71,122,135 State Academic Malyi Theater 48 state holidays. See also memorial days Day of the Defender of Motherland (February 23)
102 Flag Day (August 22) 144 National Unity Day (November 4) 49,136,144 Russia Day (June 12) 144 Victory Day (May 9) 102 State Museum of Contemporary Russian History 57,61,117 Stavropol 133 Stepanov, Igor 117,246 Stepashin, Sergei 59, 70 Stockholm Declaration on the Holocaust (2000) 216 Stolypin, Piotr 183,211 Stone, Oliver 110 Strasbourg 209,213 Strelkov, Igor 62-3 Subetto, Alexander 37 Supreme Attestation Board (VAK) 38, 52-4 Suprun, Mikhail 36 Surgut 153-4,172 Surkov, Vladislav 7,88-9, 111, 134,257 Sut vremeni. See the Essence of Time Suvorov, Victor 18 Svalbard 181 Svanidze, Nikolai 51 Sverdlovsk region 29 Svetliakov, Kirill 149 Sviridov, Georgy 76 swastikas 214,235-7 Swedes 187 Switzerland 195,237 Syktyvkar 210,241 Syria 27, 37, 60, 72, 75, 88, 90,100,129, 168,172, 198, 206,212,218 Taisaev, Kazbek 150,156 Takhankut 152 Tallinn 108,193, 195,199 Tambov 133-4,172 tanks 100-2,104,138. See also T-34 tank
Index Tanks movie (2018) 102 Tarasov, Vladimir 15 Tashkent 138 TASS news agency 45,167 Tatarstan 63, 66,151-2, 236 Taylor deCaires, Jason 150 Tbilisi 152 Tehran 159 Tehran Conference (1943) 159 Tel Aviv 203, 206 Tepliakov, Dmitry 25 Terekhova, Yulia 181 Terminator movie (1984) 112 terrorism 130,145,186,197, 209, 237, 247-8 Thatcher, Margaret 67 the Thaw 162. See also Khrushchev, Nikita theology 65 Theresienstadt ghetto 199, 215. See also the Holocaust Thomas theorem 86 “Three Tank Drivers, Three Jolly Friends” song (1939) 101 Tikhon, Bishop 5,44, 59, 63-72, 81, 85, 122,129,138,179,251,254 Tishkov, Valery 10, 55, 59 Titov, Vladimir 59 Tiumen 66, 104,112,151, 163, 254 Tobolsk 112 Tokyo 74 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow 90 Tom Sawyer Fest volunteer club 180 Tomsk 103-5,108,116,231 Tomsk Memorial Museum “NKVD Investigative Prison” 231 toponymy 150,165, 207 Toymentsev, Sergei 254 Transneft 56 Transnistria 75 Transylvania 200 Treptower Park 74, 77 Tretyakov Art Gallery 170-1 Troitsky, Artemy 73 Trotsky, Leon 230 True History Foundation 25 Trump, Donald 96-7,161 Trunenkov, Dmitry 127 323 Tsarist Empire. See Russian Empire Tsaritsyn. See Volgograd tsars 3, 6,15,40, 52, 65, 68-70, 77, 88,100,110,142-3,145, 155, 168-73,175,178,183,186, 224, 256,258-9. See also names of individual tsars Tsarskoe Selo 178 Tsereteli, Zurab 157-60,166,173-4, 186, 217, 251-2, 258 TsSKA football club 98-9 Г-34 movie (2018) 102 T-34 tank 100-2,138 Tula 62,167-8, 238 Tula State Weapon Museum 181 Tumarkin, Nina 142 TU-95 “Bear” strategic bomber 100 Tunis 208 Turkey 7, 41, 261 Turks 72 Tuva, Republic of
237 Tvardovsky, Alexander 2 TV2 channel 103 Uchitel, Alexei 142-3 Ukraine 4, 6,12,15,19-20,25, 37-8,46, 52, 57,62-3, 73-4, 76, 79, 81, 83, 88, 90,105,108,121-2,131, 134-5,137,142, 146-7, 158-60, 168-9, 176-7,188-9, 194-9, 201,208,210-11,215-16,219, 221,223-4, 226, 232-3,249, 251,253, 255, 260 Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance 12, 30-1,45 Ukrainian Museum of National History 45 Ukrainians 45-6,102,139,189,191, 196,202,210,215, 225 Ukrainian Secret Services Archives 25 Ulaanbaatar 108,161 Ulan-Ude 100,234 Ulianovsk 141,177 Ulitskaia, Liudmila 243 UN Charter 191, 213 UN Commission on Human Rights. See UN Human Rights Council UN Committee on Information 192-3 UNESCO 169, 213, 224
324 UN General Assembly 74,191-3, 221 UN Genocide Convention (1948) 192, 219. See also genocide UN Human Rights Council 9,191-3 United Kingdom 1,18, 32,40, 97,108, 159,219 United Nations 43,192-7, 208, 211,213, 218, 221 United Russia Party 10, 46, 50, 56-7, 65, 79,103-4,117,121,126,134, 142, 166, 256 United States of America 1-3, 7,16, 27, 33, 36-40,47, 73-4, 79, 83, 88, 90, 96-7,108,119, 135, 159, 161,189,192,194-5,218-19, 244, 260 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 192 universities 12,15, 27-40, 43, 52-5, 63-4, 66, 68, 84, 96, 104-5, 121, 123, 135-6, 148, 158, 198, 213, 225, 233,252. See also names of individual universities university students 18, 27, 35, 55, 63, 67, 84, 106-8,121, 125-6, 136,141, 148,213 UN Resolution 60/7 ("on the Holocaust Remembrance”) 211-12 UN Resolution 61/147 (“countering racism and xenophobia”) 9, 192-4 UN Resolution 67/154 (“glorification of Nazism”) 95,194,212,219, 221 UN Secretary General 208 UN Security Council 58, 222 UN Third Committee 191-2 Urals Federal University 52 Uruguay 212 US Army 37, 99-100,127, 257 US Department of State 1, 86, 105, 208 US Department of the Treasury 222 US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) 21,193, 208 Uzbekistan 138,208 Vaino, Anton 97 Valentine’s Day 75 Index vandalism, acts of 63-4,117,147,155, 161,168,170-1, 178-9,195, 215, 228, 234,248,256 Varlamov, Ilya 105,179 Vasiliev, Ilya 203-5,207,210-11,217 Vasilieva, Olga 4, 26-7,40, 54, 59, 64-5, 80-1,98,135-7,148,157,170, 198,251,258 Vatican 75 VDNKh exhibition grounds 65 Vedomosti 225 Venezuela 213 veterans of war 24, 30, 37, 58,80, 94, 98-9,
105,107-9,116,123,125, 130,134,151, 162, 173, 183, 185, 193,199, 206,234, 236-7, 239, 256 Viatrovich, Volodymyr 45 Victory Day. See May 9 celebration Victory Museum. See Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War Victory organizing committee 24, 90-1, 93-8,103-4,107-8,182,192 Victory Volunteers 84, 93, 98,126 Vienna 108 vigilantes 134,142-3,148, 249, 256. See also pro-Kremlin organizations Viking movie (2016) 69 VIO. See Free Historical Society Vishnevskii, Boris 93,254 Vladimir 86-7,152,158,171 Vladimir, Prince 69, 86,164,169-70, 175,180,183 Vladimir I. See Vladimir, Prince Vladivostok 112,138,155 Vlasov, Alexei 15-16 Vlasov, Andrei 15, 36, 203, 243. See also Russian Liberation Army Vnukovo airport 170 Volchek, Dmitry 23 Volga River 137,165 Volgograd 30, 73, 78, 92,101,112, 134, 138-9,154,156, 159,165, 176, 234 Volhynia 216 Volkov, Alexei 234 Volodin, Viacheslav 33, 261 Voi ogodsk region 181 Volokolamsk, Battle of (1941) 51
Index Vorkuta 29 Voronezh 57 VTB bank 112,127 VTsIOM pollster 10,43. See abo opinion polls Vučić, Aleksandar 206 Vyshinskii, Andrei 50 Vyshnii Volochek 179 Waffen SS, German 9,186,190-2,194, 199,215,220-1,237,261 Wagner mercenaries 105,129. See also Prigozhin, Yevgeny Wallenberg, Raoul 187 The Wall historical novel (2012) 48-9, 254. See also Medinskii, Vladimir “The Wall” music album (1979) 49 Wall of Grief monument (2017) 71, 114-15,118, 231 war crimes 190-1,194 Warsaw 44,208 Warsaw ghetto uprising ( 1943) 204. See also the Holocaust war veterans. See veterans of war Washington, DC 21, 40,102, 108, 208 Web of Science 31. See also Scopus Wehrmacht 100,129,138, 236. See also Nazi Germany; Waffen SS, German welfare state 88 Western sanctions 27, 53, 85,100,145, 178, 239 West Europe 9, 16,189, 259 West Germany 73 White, Robert 191 White Sea Canal 225 Wikipedia 68 World Congress of Russian Jews 188, 193-4 World Holocaust Forum, fifth (2020) 222 The World of Tanks videogame 101 World War I. See First World War World War II. See Second World War World without Nazism 4,45, 79,188-9, 193-5, 201,214, 217-8. See abo Shpigel, Boris World Youth and Student Festival 325 96 xenophobia 185,191-2 Xi Jinping 33, 97 Yabloko Party 117 Yad Vashem Museum 186-7,195, 203-4,211,214,216,220 Yakovenko, Alexander 193 Yakunin, Vladimir 174,182 Yakutia. See Sakha Republic Yakutsk 66 Yalta 6,74,158-61,168 Yalta Conference (1945) 56, 90,158-61, 183, 222, 259 Yamburg, Yevgeny 15 Yanukovich, Victor 188 Yaroslav, Prince 85 Yaroslavl 181 Yarovaia, Irina 75, 232 Year of Memory and Glory (2020) 97 Year of
Russian History (2012) 12-13, 39, 55 Yeltsin, Boris 2, 8, 21, 65,144,164 Yeltsin Center 156,240,242 Yemen 37 Yom Hashoah 208, 212 Yom Kippur 197 Yoshkar-Ola 6, 21,116, 229-31, 248, 257 Youth Army children's organization 5, 99,127-31, 137, 148 Yugoslavia 52,56 Yuri Gagarin Memorial Museum 62. See also Gagarin, Yuri Zadornov, Mikhail 2 Zakharchenko, Alexander 156 Zakhariev, German 197 Zakharova, Maria 40,200,205-6,215 Zaldostanov “The Surgeon,” Alexander 5,73-9, 81, 129-30, 132, 138,160,169-71, 176-7, 251 Zaliuzhnyi, Alexander 16 “Zarnitsa” paramilitary game, Soviet 127 Zemtsov, Nikolai 103, 108,171 Zenit football club 177
326 Index Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 75,170 Zhivaia istoriia journal 61 Zhukov, Andrei 23, 35 Zhuravsky, Alexander 15 Zhurnal rossiiskikh і vostochnoevropeiskikh istoricheskikh issledovanii 61 Ziuganov, Gennady 164 Zmiiovsk Gorge monument (1975, 2011) 189. See also the Holocaust Zubov, Andrei 35-6,46,58,168,225,243 Zurich 108 Zuroff, Efraim 189 Zvezda TV channel 208,227 Zygar, Mikhail 181 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
Contents List of Figures viii Acknowledgments ix List of Acronyms x Introduction 1 1 7 A Geopolitical Meaning of History 2 State Affiliates Manufacturing the “Historical Truth” 43 3 For Victory, For Stalin, For Putin! 83 4 Militant Patriotism 121 5 Monumental Mediocrity 149 6 Hijacking the Holocaust 185 7 Injustice of Historic Proportion 223 Conclusion 251 Notes 263 Bibliography 293 Index 300
Bibliography Russian Government Agencies Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation (oprf.ru) Duma (duma.gov.ru) Federal Archival Agency (archives.ru) Federation Council (council.gov.ru) Government of Russia (government.ru) Head of the Russian Government (premier.gov.ru) Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (mil.ru) Ministry of Enlightenment of the Russian Federation (formerly Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation) (edu.gov.ru) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (mid.ru; facebook.com/MIDRussia) Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (minjust.ru) Moscow Municipality (mos.ru) Kremlin (kremlin.ru) Presidential Library (prlib.ru) Russian State Military Archives (rgarchive.ru) Russian Pro-Government Agencies, News Outlets, Nationalist Organizations, and Online Publications Alexander Pechersky Foundation (pechersky.org; facebook.com/AlexanderPecherskyFoundation) Alley of Russian Glory (alroslav.ru; vk.com/alrosslav) Baikal 24 Besogon TV Bloknot-Novocherkassk.ru Bumaga (paperpaper.ru) Channel One Channel One, Army Magazine (ltvam.ru) Communist Party of Russia, Penza branch office (kprfpenza.ru) The Essence of Time (eot.su) Evpatoria city government (my-evp.ru) Expert Institute of Social Studies (eisr.ru) Federal News Agency (riafan.ru) ForPost (sevastopol.su) Gazeta.ru Gorod TV (gorod-tv.com) Historical Memory Foundation (historyfoundation.ru)
294 Bibliography ľm a Capitalist (yakapitalist.ru) Immortal Regiment Russia (polkrf.ru) Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (ippo.ru/) Inosmi.ru Institute of Foreign Political Studies and Initiatives (invissin.ru) Institute of National Memory (inmrf.ru) Interfax Kostroma Today KudaPiter.ru Lenta.ru Life.ru Moika78.ru Moskva24 (m24.ru) Myslo.ru Nakanune.ru Nevskie Novosti (nevnov.ru) NGS.ru (news.ngs.ru) Night Wolves (nightwolves.ru) NSN, National News Service (nsn.fm) NTV Online812.ru ORT, Russian Public Television Pln-pskov.ru Politnavigator (politnavigator.net) Pravoslavie.ru PrivetSochi.ru ProGorod (pgll.ru) Pskovskaia Gubernia Online (gibernia.prskovregion.org) Pskovskie Novosti (nwpskov.ru) Rambler.ru Realnoe Vremia (realnoevremya.ru) Regnum RIA, Russian Information Agency Rossiia 24 Rossiia One Russian Communist Party (kprf.ru) Russia in Global Affairs Russia Today, RT Russian Military Historical Society, RVIO (rvio.histrf.ru; vk.com/rvio_ru) Russian Historical Society, RIO (historyrussia.org/) Russian Orthodox Church (patriarchia.ru) Russian Realty Russkaia Narodnaia Linia (ruskline.ru) Russkii Mir (russkiymir.ru) Russkii Puls (russianpulse.ru) Sakha Press Sevas.com Smartnews.ru Sputnik (sputniknews.com)
Bibliography Stavropol-Poisk (stavropol-poisk.ru) St. Petersburg TV Channel (topspb.tv) TASS TJoumal.ru Trudovaiia Rossiia (tr.rkrp-rpk.ru) Tsargrad TV (tsargrad.tv) Ulgrad.ru UrallnformBiuro (uralinform.ru) Vechemii Rostov (vechrost.ru) Vesti.ru Vl.ru VTsIOM (wciom.ru) X-Time.Info (archive.li) Youth Army (yunarmy.ru) Zvezda TV (tvzvezda.ru) Independent Organizations, News Agencies, and Online Projects Agora International Human Rights Group The Alexander Yakovlev Democracy Foundation (alexanderyakovlev.org) BBC Russian Service Bessmertnyi Barak (bessmertnybarak.ru) Bloomberg CNN Daily Beast Detali (detail.co.il) Diskurs (discours.io) Dissernet (dissernet.org) Dozhd TV (tvrain.ru) Ekho Moskvy First Channel (ltv.ge) Free Historical Society, VIO (volistob.ru) History of Propaganda (propagandahistory.ru) Immortal Regiment Tomsk (moypolk.ru) The Insider (theins.ru) Isrageo Levada Meduza Memorial (memo.ru; urokiistorii.ru) Open Democracy (opendemocracy.net) Open Media (openmedia.io) Open Russia (openrussia.org) Panoptikon (panoptikon.org) PhD in Russia (phdru.com) Politnavigator (politnavigator.net) PONARS Eurasia 295
296 Bibliography Radio Liberty RAPSI, Russian Agency for Legal and Judicial Information Reuters RFI Ridus (ridus.ru) Segodnia (segodnya.ua) 7x7 (7x7-journal.ra) Snob (snob.ru) SOVA, Center for Information and Analysis Transitions Online (tol.org) Varlamov, Ilya, blog (varlamov.ru) Yeltsin Center (yeltsin.ru) Newspapers and Journals Aftenposten American Historical Review Argumenty i fakty Vie Barents Observer The Chronicle ofHigher Education Comparative Literature Studies Europe-Asia Studies Financial Times Fontanka The Guardian Israel Journal ofForeign Affairs Izvestiia The Jerusalem Post Journal of Cold War Studies The Journal ofPower Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies Kommersant Komsomolskaia Pravda Krasnaia Zvezda Moskovsku Komsomolets Neprikosnovennyi zapas Newsweek The New York Times Nezavisimaia Gazeta Novata Gazeta Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie Novosti (Serbia) Politics and Government Politila Pro et Contra RBK Rolling Stone Rossiiskaia Gazeta
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Index Ab Imperio journal 61 Abkhazia 75 Abramov, Mikhail 181 academic freedom 4, 23, 34-40, 240, 255 Academy Awards 6,211-12 .See also Sobibor movie Adamskii, Alexander 148 Adventists 91 Aeroflot 98,237 Afghanistan 23,125, 145, 256. See also Soviet war in Afghanistan Agora human rights group 147,232 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 195 AK-47, 100,112, 126, 134, 174-5 Aksenov, Sergei 57, 78,147,167 Alexander II 72,168,172 Alexanderül 65,168 Alexander Pechersky Foundation 203-4, 206, 210, 218. See also Pechersky, Alexander Alexander Yakovlev Democracy Foundation 46, 240, 257 Alexandrov 171 Alexandrov, Kirill 36-8, 40, 46, 203, 255, 260 Alexeev, Yuri 25, 229 Alexeieva, Liudmila 110,242 Alexy II, Patriarch 72 Alley of Rulers sculpture park 150-1, 157-8 Alley of Russian Glory company 172-4 Allies, wartime 1,10-11, 86, 95, 97,107, 138, 158-60, 194,197, 199, 219, 222 Altai region 139 Altman, Ilya 40,212-14,222 American independence 89 Americans 1,108,140, 204, 219-20 Amsterdam 201 Amur region 164,167 Ananchenko, Alexei 31-2 Andreev, Konstantin 116 Andrei Rublev Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art 62 Andrew, Apostle 129 Ankara 108 the Antarctic 108 Anti-Defamation League 188 Anti-Maidan movement 71, 74, 79, 134-5 antisemitism 32-3, 69-70, 185,190-1, 197-8, 203, 207, 215, 222 Antiterrorism Center 233, 258 Antonescu, Ion 200 Applebaum, Anne 196 Arakcheev, Alexander 21,166, 229-31, 248 archeology 27-8,85 architectural heritage 179-81. See also heritage buildings archives 4,11,18-26, 37-9, 59,114,116, 148, 190, 217, 225, 227-8, 241, 245, 246-7. See also names of individual archives Archives
of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24. See also Russian Academy of Sciences Archives Watch 245 Arctic 123,181, 260 Argentina 212-13 Arkhangelsk 107,110,112 Arkhangelsk Pomor University 36 Arkhipova, Alexandra 106 Armenian genocide 13,41,142, 261 Armenians 41 Armistice Day (November 11) 93 Artizov, Andrei 38 Asia 39 Al-Assad, Bashar 168, 218 Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) 26 Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN) 26
Index Association of the Institutes of History of CIS Countries 14 Astana 15 Astrakhan 163,167, 237 Atatürk 7,257 Atkarsk 151 Atlantic Council 249 Aurora cruiser 141 Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp 6,185, 192,196,199, 201,206,211-13, 215, 218-19, 222. See also the Holocaust; Nazi death camps Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum 97, 185, 196-7, 200-1,222 Australia 40,121,196 Austria 27, 213,225 Austrians 27 Axis Powers 57, 232 Azerbaijan 138 Azov Battalion 81 Babitskii, Ivan 80 Bagdasarian, Vardan 31 Baikal region 177 Baker, Andrew 189 Bakhchisarai 167 Baku 138 Balakhna 112 Balbekov, Ruslan 161 ballistic missiles 100,129,163. See also Iskander Baltic Federal University 31,63 Baltic Germans 46 Baltic Navy 64 Baltic States 4, 9,11,13-14,16, 27,186, 191-2,194,197-9, 208,215, 219,223, 256. See also names of individual countries Baltiisk 169 Bandera, Stepan, alleged followers of 37-8,73,197-8 Bandidos biker club 79 banks 66,112,127. See also names of individual banks Baptists 91 Barbara, Martyr 129 Barcelona 108 Barkov, Alexander 118 Barnaul 99,106-7, 234 ЗОЇ Barnes, A. Steven 224 Bastyrkin, Alexander 69,234 Basurin, Eduard 156 Battle of Stalingrad Museum 101,138. See also Stalingrad, Battle of Baturin, Victor 159 Bauska 194 Beckett, Samuel 141 Beevor, Antony 29 Beglov, Alexander 133,143 Beijing 96 Beirut 108 Belarus 101,199,208 Belgorod 64,71 Belgorod State University 52-3 Belgorsk 164,167 Belgrade 108 Belkovskii, Stanislav 83 Bellingcat investigative journalism website 255 Belorussia. See Belarus Belorussians 191 Belov, Sergei 252 Benigni, Roberto 211 Benson, Ivar 214 Beria, Lavrenty
61,73,109,112, 132, 162 Berkut security detachment, Ukrainian 105 Berlin 57,74, 76-7,98-9,108, 130,132, 191,193, 209, 219 Berlin, Battle of (1945) 98-9,101,130-1 Berlin Wall 49 Beslan 150 Beslan school hostage drama (2004) 68, 145 Besogon TV 54. See also Mikhalkov, Nikita Bezborodov, Alexander 68 biker festivals 5, 73, 75-8, 81,101,138. See also Night Wolves biker club; Zaldostanov, Alexander Bishops’ Council 69. See also Russian Orthodox Church Bismarck, Otto von 67 Black Sea 180 blasphemy laws 239 blood libel 69-70. See also antisemitism Bloomfield, Sara 193
302 Bolshevik Revolution 5, 8, ЗО, 67, 77, 86,121,140-1,143-5,152,164, 181,232 Bolsheviks 3, 67, 93,162,165,179 Bolshevism 65 Bonaparte, Napoleon 14,150,175 Boroda, Alexander 69,187-8,190,197, 217 Borodino, Battle of (1812) 139,145 Borodino Bread sculpture (2012) 175 Borovsk 117,179 Bortnikov, Alexander 60-1, 246 Boym, Svetlana 3,119 Branham, William M. 233 Bratislava 200,208 Brazil 96 Brest, defense of (1941) 48, 86 Brexit 96 Brezhnev, Leonid 78, 89,150, 242 Briansk 214,240 BRIC countries 95 Brisbane 196 Britain. See United Kingdom British 107-8,219 British Commonwealth 93 British Holocaust Educational Trust 191 Brodsky, Yuri 72 Bucharest 200 Budapest 34 Budapest ghetto 219. See also the Holocaust Buddhists 91 Buenos Aires 212 Buk missile launcher 131-2 Bulgaria 72,97 Bundestag 238 Buryatia 175 Busarov, Alexander 247 Bush, George W. 90 Butovo mass execution site 71. See also Stalin’s crimes Byzantine Empire 88 Calgary 108 Canada 74,108,194-5 Cannes Film Festival 209 Carley, Michael Jabara 27 Caspian Sea 167 the Caucasus 15. See abo North Caucasus Index Celebration movie (2018) 238 censorship 1, 22, 35,134,232,245 Central Archives of the Russian Defense Ministry 19,23-4, 30 Central Armed Forces Museum 236 Central Asia 15,146 Central Border-Guard Museum of the FSB 60 Central Election Commission 112 Central Europe 188, 253, 259 Central European University 34 Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 64, 74,87, 96-7,101, 185-6,202, 236, 252 Chabad 187-8 Chaika, Yuri 10 Channel One 98,103, 204 Chapaeva, Diana 3 Charter of the Russian Historian, proposed 31-2,259 Chechens 58,147
Chechen Wars 25 Chechnya 15, 23, 74-5,143,146-7, 240 Cheka 60,162,165, 230. See also Dzerzhinsky, Felix; FSB; KGB; NKVD; OGPU Chekhov 133 Cheliabinsk 61,153,167, 235 Cherepovets 133 Chernobyl nuclear disaster (1986) 145 Chersonesos 86,180 Children’s Round Dance fountain 73, 78,176 children with disabilities 125,128 China 26, 33, 95-6,140,175,177, 208, 245, 256, 260 Chita 154 Chizhova, Elena 237 Christianity 56, 64, 69, 85-6,169,180 Christians 52,72 Christian State, Holy Russia fundamentalist organization 142-3 Christ the Savior Cathedral 75 Chubarian, Alexander 10,13-14, 26-8, 30,40, 59,81,118,135,137, 140, 251 Chuev, Sergei 135 Chukovsky, Kornei 176
Index Churchill, Winston 74,119,158-9,161, 204 Church Slavonic language 52 Churkin, Vitaly 192,196 Chuvashia 236 CIA 122 Civic Chamber by the Russian President 32 civic religion 5, 89-93. See also May 9 celebration; Second World War Civil Platform Party 112 Clinton, Bill 67 Clinton, Hillary 86 Code of Offenses against the Peace and Security on Mankind 234 Cohen, Stephen F. 27 Cold War 1-2, 27, 37, 74, 88,100,199, 218, 220,255, 259 colonialism 14-15, 30. See aho decolonization “color revolutions” 8, 20, 68,137, 224. See also Maidan uprsing Commission to Counteract Attempts to Harm Russia’s Interests by Falsifying History (200912) 4, 10-12,14,17, 27, 34, 39, 43, 56, 79, 87, 232 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14-15,18, 32, 36,193, 201, 208 Communism 81, 111, 195, 222 Communist Party 37-8, 46, 65,95,103, 109,111-13, 141,150, 152-6, 158-9, 161,164-5,178, 229 communists 6,103,109,117,122, 141-2, 150-6, 161,164-5,169, 177, 224, 231 computer games 31,101 Concept for Patriotic Education of the Russian Citizens (2003) 123 Concert of Europe (1814-1914) 88 Congress of Intelligentsia (2015) 116-17 Congress of Russian Communities of Crimea 167 Constitution 34,144,150,166, 223, 257 Constitutional Court 117,223 Coronavirus outbreak (2020) 130, 259 Cossacks 29,105,153,166, 172,179 303 Council of Europe 14,18, 33, 95,188, 209-11, 213. See also European Court of Human Rights; European Parliament; European Union courts 38,43,117,190,226-7, 231-6, 240, 246-7 Crimea 3, 5-6, 35, 50, 57, 63, 73-6, 78, 83-4, 86, 101,104,110,123, 126,128, 132, 135,138, 142, 144-7, 150-1,154, 158-61,
167-8,178, 180, 188-9,196, 210, 225, 235, 256 Crimean Tatars 146-7,159-61 Crimean Union of Soviet Officers 159 crimes against humanity 194-5, 212, 218-19,254 criminal prosecution 6,147, 225-9, 231-40,247-9. See also political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code Cuba 201 Cultural Revolution 177. See also Mao Zedong Customs 124-5,240 Czechoslovakia 30, 86,199, 225, 256 Czech Republic 207,213-14,233,255 Dagestan 143,150,165 Dagestanskie Ogni 165 Danilevich, Polina 235 Daudov, Magomed 74 Day of Deliverance and Liberation, Israel (May 9) 197-8, 207, 212, 221 The Death of Stalin movie (2017) 113, 259 decolonization 88. See also colonialism deep people, concept of 7, 111. See also Surkov, Vladislav deep state, concept of 7,261 Dekabrists 67 Denikin, Anton 86 Denmark 52,239 deportations 15, 36, 58, 73,114,146-7, 177. See also Stalins crimes Derevianko, Ekaterina 214 Desiatnichenko, Nikolai 238 de-Stalinization 71,117,119,151,183. See also Stalinism
304 Die Welt 28 Diletant magazine 256 Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry 64 Disney 59,78 Dissernet 80,245 Diukov, Alexander 4, 25,45-6, 79,178, 238 Dmitriev, Igor 103-4 Dmitriev, Yuri 23, 225-9, 248 Dnepr, Battle of ( 1943) 139 Dnepropetrovsk. See Dnipro Dnipro 188 Dobrynin, Konstantin 117 Dolgov, Konstantin 16 Donbass 46, 63, 73,102,104-5,156, 160,172, 177,188-9, 196-7, 201,219 Donetsk 108,150,156,169 Donetsk People’s Republic 75,156 Dorogoi, Igor 72-3, 233-4 DOSAAF 125 Dostoyevsky, Feodor 248 Dozhd TV channel 62,181, 239 Dresden 83 Druon, Maurice 85 Dud, Yuri 246 Dugin, Alexander 71,122 Duma 9,13, 31 -3, 37,43,45-7, 62-3, 74-5,103, 130,140, 142,145, 150, 154, 161,166, 170,176, 189,207-8, 232, 238-40, 245, 252,258. See also Federation Council Duma Culture Committee 142 Duma Education Committee 135 Duma Foreign Relations Committee 43 Duma Legal Committee 10 Dutch People’s Union 201 Dzboev, Mikhail 150 Dzerzhinsky (city) 162 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 6, 50,150,162-5,183 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, Jr. 162-3 Dzhemilev, Mustafa 146,159 Dzhugashvili, Yevgeny 152, 238 Eastern Front 194,215 East Europe 9,12, 14,16-17,19, 27, 44-5, 58, 74,83, 97,108,121, Index 186,188,193-5,199-201, 216-17,219,221,253, 256, 259, 261 East Germany 30 Efremenko, Dmitry 33 Eichmann trial (1961) 203 Eidman, Igor 108 Einstein, Albert 252 Ekaterina II 145 Ekaterinburg 69, 92,143,156, 240-2,244 Elias, Prophet 129 Eliseeva, Natalia 237 Elizabeth 63 Engels, Friedrich 24 Epstein, Mikhail 119 Escape from Sobibor movie (1987) 203,211 Essence of Time nationalist organization 134-5,153,171, 178, 224. See also
Kurginian, Sergei Estonia 108,121,189,192-3,195,199, 201,215, 253 Estonian Institute of Historical Memory 30-1 Estonians 25,46, 225 eternal flame memorial 100,235 Etkind, Alexander 3 Europe 1,9, 14,25,33,44,56,59,61, 67, 74, 88, 97,140, 189,191-4, 196-202, 207-8, 210, 213, 219, 222, 239, 242,246, 259-61 European Court of Human Rights 16, 223, 233 European Institute for Democracy and Cooperation 44 European Jewish Congress 194,198-9, 222 European Parliament 32. See also Council of Europe; European Union Europeans 48,67 European Union 33,97,186,191-2, 194-5, 199-200,213 European University at St. Petersburg 33-4,258 Eurovision 108,210 Evmenov, Nikolai 127
Index exhibitions 56-61, 64-8, 70,96, 111, 114,118,123,125-6,132,177, 181-2,185,187, 193, 195,197, 200-2, 204-6, 208-9, 212-14, 217, 221-4, 230, 236, 242, 248, 261 Expert Institute of Social Research (EISR) 30-1 Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Committed by the GermanFascist Invaders and Their Accomplices in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union (1942-46) 190,211 Extremist Materials list 20, 214, 240, 260. See also Ministry of Justice Ezhov, Nikolai 162, 230 “Falsifiers of History” pamphlet (1948) 1-2,256 Fam, Konstantin 211 family history 100 famine of 1932-33 15, 20,114, 216, 260. See aho Stalin’s crimes Far East 33,40,95,101,133,198 fascism 9,17, 33, 38,49, 57, 73, 79, 83, 89,130, 139-40,154,161, 191-2,194, 201-2,214, 216-21, 224, 236,243, 256 February Revolution 77,140 Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs 137 Federal Agency for the CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) 96,209 Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (Rossmolodezh) 104,124,126 Federal Agency on Culture and Cinematography (Roskino) 209 Federal Archival Agency (Rossarkhiv) 10,12,15, 19-21,25 Federation Council 11-19, 24, 33-4, 39, 54,117,137,141,188,194,208, 242,252. See also Duma 305 Federation Council Analytical Department 13 Federation Council Foreign Affairs Committee 97,208 Federation Council Legal Department 13 Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia 69,187,206 Feigin, Mark 249 Feldmanis, Inesis 191 FIFA 2018 World Cup 141,165, 237 fifth column 37, 79, 93,108,148,165, 224 financial claims against
Russia 11-12, 14,16, 25, 41, 228 Finland 72,227 Finnish occupation of Karelia (194144) 178,227-8 Finns 227-8 First World War 57, 85-6, 88,100,138, 155,174,178 Foreign Agent law (2012) 6, 29, 35, 79, 224, 229, 240-2, 244,249, 254, 256. See also lawmaking; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code Foreign Literature Library 29 Foreign Ministry. See Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy Archives of the Russian Foreign Ministry (AVP MID) 23-4 For Human Rights movement 242 Forty Forties fundamentalist organization 143 Foster, Norman 130 France 7, 32,97,198, 207 Franz Joseph Land 181, 260 Free Historical Society (VIO) 6, 8-9, 34, 53, 67-8,80, 110,149, 183, 244-5, 249, 257 French 107,131,217 FSB 6,13, 21-3, 25, 35-6,43, 58-61, 63, 65,70,75,81,106,116,124-6, 147,161-3,173, 187, 225-6, 230, 239, 243,246-8, 254, 257 FSB Archives 22-3, 225, 227 Fukuyama, Francis 89 Furr, Grover 27
306 Gagarin, Yuri 62,121,150,173. See also Yuri Gagarin Memorial Museum Gaida, Feodor 33 Gainutdinov, Damir 232 Galeotti, Mark 73 Ganapolskii, Matvei 174 Gandlevskii, Sergei 112 Garkusha, Irina 19-20 de Gaulle, Charles 7 Gazprom 66,127,137 Gazprombank 127 Gelman, Marat 183 Geneva 108 Genghis Khan 175. See also Golden Horde genocide 33, 40,46, 72,147,188-9, 200, 213-16, 218-19, 224, 259-6!. See aho UN Genocide Convention geopolitics 3-5, 7-41,44, 56, 65, 70, 86, 93-4,97,102,123-4, 177, 259-60. See abo political technology Georgia 15, 68, 88,150,152,154,188 Georgians 38,225 Gerasimov, Alexander 111 Germans 14,28,63,73,97,102,157, 191,200, 202-3 Germany 27, 36, 74, 86,130,148,195, 205-6,237-8, 243, 246, 261 Gessen, Masha 2 Ghetto Fighters’ House 220. See aho Yad Vashem Museum Giacometti, Alberto 167 Girkin, Igor. See Strelkov, Igor Glazunov, Ilya 151 Global Peace Index 121 “Glorification of Nazism”. See Russian Penal Code: Article 354.1 Gnilorybov, Pavel 149,152, 172 Goebbels, Joseph 58, 236, 238 Golden Horde 66,88,169. See also Genghis Khan Golos election monitor 35 Gorbachev, Mikhail 8, 242, 244 Gori 152 Gorin, Baruch 206 Goskonsert 29 Index Gozman, Leonid 58 Grad multiple rocket launcher 163 Graf, Jürgen 214 the Great Leap Forward 177. See also Mao Zedong Great Northern War (1700-21 ) 125 Great Patriotic War. See Second World War the Great Terror 21-2, 32, 36, 60-1, 71, 117,149,155,164,225,230, 243, 246-7, 253. See also Stalin’s crimes Greece 33, 70,189, 239, 258 Greeks 180 Grenada 150 Grigory Rasputin House Museum 181. See also Rasputin, Grigory G20 meetings 196 Gudkov,
Lev 89,105,150,183 Gulag 6,38,71-3,112,114,116,118, 155, 223-31. See also Stalin’s crimes Gulag History State Museum 116, 118, 181,231,257 Gulag victims 21-2,37,61,71,112-17, 153-5,163,176,216, 223-8, 230-1,243-7, 257 Gumbinnen, Battle of (1914) 139 Gundiaev, Vladimir. See Kirill, Patriarch Gutteres, Antonio 208 Haifa 220 Harley Davidson motorcycle 74 Havana 201 Hellboy movie (2019) 113 Hells Angels biker club 73-5, 79 Helsinki 228 heritage buildings 179-81. See also architectural heritage Hermitage museum 23, 81 Herzen, Alexander 2 Higher School of Economics 33, 35, 68, 121,141 high treason 36-8,63-4,178,203 Hilberg, Raoul 191 Himmler, Heinrich 199 Historical Memory Foundation 4, 25, 45-6, 61, 79, 178,193, 214, 238, 256. See also Diukov, Alexander
Index Historical Perspective Foundation 4, 10,43-4, 58, 79. See also Narochnitskaia, Natalia historical reenactments 5, 56,125,130, 138-9,143-4 History of Motherland Foundation 56, 59-60,210-11,252. See also Mogilevskii, Konstantin history textbooks 5,15-18, 29, 59, 64, 86-8, 95-6,135-7,188, 224, 235, 244, 258-9. See also patriotic education program; schoolchildren; schools; school teachers Hitler, Adolf 1,14, 32, 58, 85-6,113, 116,130-1,139,141,150-1, 220, 234-7, 239, 253, 256 Hollywood 59,113,211,259 the Holocaust 6,14, 21, 32-3, 40, 45, 142,185-222, 246, 259, 261 The Holocaust: Annihilation, Liberation, Rescue traveling exhibition 212-13 Holocaust denial 9,13, 27, 38,185, 188-9, 192-5, 197-8, 207, 216 Holocaust Remembrance Day, International (January 27) 97, 192, 205,211-12, 221 Holocaust studies 214, 217, 253 the Holodomor. See the famine of 1932-33 Homs province 212 Hoss, Rainer 201 House with a Lion museum 180-1 human rights 14,16, 21,110,142, 218, 224, 242 Hunan province 177 Hungarian uprising (1956) 30 Hungary 195,216 hybrid warfare 9, 30,108,221 Iceland 239 icons 66,71,129,254 Ilyin, Ivan 65 Immortal Barracks online project 116, 244 Immortal Regiment parade 5, 60, 72-3, 91-2, 95-6, 98-9,103-9, 116, 118-19,126,130,133, 138-9, 146-7,171, 204, 209, 212 307 Immortal Stalin Regiment parade 109 Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society 70 Information Group on Crimes against the Person (IGSP) 46. See also Diukov, Alexander; Historical Memory Foundation Institute of Foreign Political Studies 256 Institute of Social, Economic, and Political Studies 61 intelligence services 21,
62-3, 65, 67, 97, 164, 251-2, 256 Interfax news agency 136 Intergovernmental Commission on the Protection of State Secrecy 21. See also archives International Association of World War II Museums 96 International Commission for the Advancement of Objective Approaches to Evaluation of Historical Facts (2016) 27 International Committee for the History of the Second World War 96 International Committee of Historical Sciences 26 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) 192,219 International Council of Museums (ICOM) 181 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) 192 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) 216 “internet troll factory” 129 Ionescu, Eugene 141 Iran 195 Iraq 37 Ireland 239 Irkutsk 168 Irkutsk State University 35 Ishim 151 Iskander mobile ballistic missile system 100. See also ballistic missiles Islamic State jihadist organization 27 Islamists. See jihadists Ismail, Battle of (1790) 145
308 Israel 6, 33, 69,108,144,185-7,194-5, 197-8, 201, 203-8, 211-13, 216, 218, 220, 222, 261 Israelis 6,159,194,208, 222 Istorik journal 61 Italy 75,239 Ivan III. See Ivan the Great Ivan IV. See Ivan the Terrible Ivanov 133 Ivanov, Sergei 58-9, 81, 94,104, 254, 260 Ivan the Great 169 Ivan the Terrible 48, 50, 67-8,136, 169-72,183, 224, 236, 256 Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan painting 170-1,256 Izborsk Club 71,122,171. See aho Prokhanov, Alexander Izvestia 157,220 Japan 33, 95, 99-101, 138,140,155 Jehovah’s Witnesses 91 Jerusalem 33,144,186-7,189, 214,222 Jewish Autonomous Republic 198 Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center 187-8, 197, 206-7, 214 Jewish organizations, Russian 186-7, 190,193-4, 197-9, 206, 212-3. See also names of individual organizations Jews 33,45,69-70,91,185-222, 236, 246, 255, 259 jihadists 122,172 Kabardino-Balkaria 150 Kadyrov, Ramzan 74,142-3,147, 240 Kalashnikov, Mikhail 126,174-5,183 Kalashnikov assault rifle. See AK-47 Kalinin, Alexander 142-3 Kalinin, Mikhail 152 Kaliningrad 31, 63-4, 74-5,100,112, 137,139,166-7,169, 234, 237 Kaluga 163,169,179-80,182, 237 Kangeris, Karlis 191 Kant, Immanuel 63-4 Kantor, Iulia 28-9 Kantor, Viacheslav Moshe 198, 217, 222 Karagodin, Denis 22,246-7 Karelia 6,178-9, 225-9, 248 Kartopolov, Andrei 59,129-30 Index Kasamara, Valeria 121 Kaspiisk 165 Katsav, Moshe 186 Katyn, mass execution of Polish ofñcers at (1940) 15-16,46,117-18,136, 229,238 Kaunas, massacre of Jews at (1941) 215. See also the Holocaust Kazakhstan 15 Kazan 66,128,152,236 Keegan, John 29 Kemerovo 104,175 Kemerovo shopping center disaster (2018) 229
Kennedy, John 7-8 Kenzhalieva, Alie 146-7 Kerch Strait 137 KGB 10, 21, 25, 56, 58-60, 63,67, 72-3, 80,83,115,163, 248. See also Cheka; FSB; NKVD; OGPU Khabarovsk 235,239 Khabensky, Konstantin 202,207-9, 211-12,217 Khachaturov, Karen 220 Khaibakh massacre ( 1944) 58 Khanty-Mansi region 91 Khazaria, victory over (965) 256 Khodorkovskii, Mikhail 105 Khoroshevo village 157 Khrushchev, Nikita 151,153,162 Khvyli-Olinter, Andrei 239 Kiev 20, 25, 57, 74,76, 108, 159,169, 188,196, 210 Kievan Rus 73-4, 85-6,169. See aho Moscovite Rus kindergartens 92,101,106,122,132-3. See also patriotic education program; preschool education King’s Cross nationalist organization 142-3 Kirchik, James 218 Kirill, Patriarch 62-6, 68-72, 75, 81,115, 170,173, 239, 251-2 Kirillova, Ksenia 109 Kirov 156,163 Kisilev, Dmitry 111, 137, 238 Klimenko, Ekaterina 68 the Knesset 197,208,213 Knowledge Foundation 30-1
Index Kolchak, Alexander 22,178 Kolomoiskyi, Ihor 188 Kolotovkin, Sergei 103 Koltyrin, Sergei 228-9 Kolyma region 154 Kolyma: The Cradle of Our Fear documentary (2019) 246. See also Dud, Yuri Komi Republic 29 Kommersant 30,48 Kommunarka mass execution site 243. See also Stalin’s crimes Komsomol 46,126,128,141-2, 251 Komsomolskaia Pravda 113 Kondopoga 179 Konev, Ivan 215 Königsberg. See Kaliningrad Konkova, Alexandra. See Sergia, Mother Kononov, Vladislav 57, 59, 92,171,182, 259 Koposov, Nikolay 19, 90,109,189, 232 Korolev 105 Kosachev, Konstantin 97, 208 Kosmodemianskaia, Zoia 51 Kostroma 176 Kotsiubinskii, Daniil 68, 233 Kovalchuk, Andrei 168 Kozlov, Vladimir 10, 20 Krasheninnikova, Veronika 256 Krasnodar 112,158,163,172, 235 Krasnoyarsk 134,237 Krasovskii, Alexei 237-8 Kravtsov, Sergei 258 the Kremlin 3-5, 8, 26, 32,40, 43-4,46, 81,83, 88-90, 94, 108, 110-11, 113, 121, 126,134,141,146-7, 169,181,187-8,197,200, 202, 210, 215, 218-22, 242-3, 246, 249, 251-4, 257, 260-1 Kropachev, Victor 167 Kropotkin 172 Kschessinskaya, Mathilde 142 Kubinka 129, 131-2, 138. See also Patriot military theme park Kuchma, Leonid 158 Kukryniksy 139 Kulikovo, Battle of (1380) 145 Kuraev, Andrei 253 Kurgan region 166 309 Kurginian, Sergei 134-5,153,170-1, 178,224 Kuril Islands 137-8,166 Kurilla, Ivan 80,110,114,168 Kurochkin, Sergei 154 Kursk 163 Kursk, Battle of (1943) 28,101 Kursk submarine disaster (2000) 68,229 Kusa 153-4 Kutaev, Ruslan 147 Kutafin Moscow State Law University 158 Kutuzov, Mikhail 173 Kuzenkov, Pavel 66 Kuzichev, Anatoly 204 Lanovoi, Vasily 103, 212 Lanzmann, Claude 203 Laos
102 Lapenkov, Sergei 103-4,108 The Last Address project 112, 245-6, 249. See also Memorial Latvia 9,14, 45, 63,121,156,186, 189-92,194-5, 199, 215 Latvians 46,191 Lavrov, Sergei 28, 59, 81, 88-9, 95, 97, 140, 192-4,196,199,213,216, 218,222, 260-1 lawmaking 9-11,13-14,16-17,20,31, 35, 55, 62,117,130,145,189, 205-6,210,214-15, 231-42, 249, 253-4, 258, 261. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of law on Archival Matters (2004) 21,36 law on Countering Extremist Activity (2002) 16 law on Days of Military Glory and Memorial Dates ( 1995) 145 law on Protection of Personal Data (2006) 21 Lazar, Beri 187-8,190,197, 217 League of Nations 26 Lemkin, Raphael 20 Lenin, Vladimir 8, 24, 47, 61, 63, 71, 108,141-2,149-50, 152,158, 164-5,169-70,177
310 Leningrad, the siege of 5, 29, 33,45,48, 86, 98,125,138,143-4,182, 206, 222, 237-9. See aho St. Petersburg Leningrad region 138 Lenin Memorial Center at Ulianovsk 177 Let’s Bike project 199 Levada pollster 21 -2, 83,107,109,121, 147,150,170. See also opinion polls Libya 37,129 Lieberman, Avigdor 216 Liege 108 Life is Beautiful movie (1997) 211 Lipetsk 172,237 Lisbon 108 Lisovoi, Nikolai 70 Listov, Mikhail 235 Lithuania 16,25,36,41,72,121,189, 195,199, 204,215-16 Lithuanians 38,46,215 Liubavich. See Chabad Liubertsy 107 Liubimova, Olga 258-9 Liubshin, Ivan 237 Livadia Museum 159-60,168 Livanov, Dmitry 148 Ljubljana 97 local history 126,128,149, 214 Lokomotiv football club 143 Lokot, Alexander 155 Lomanov, Alexander 33 London 108,119 Lubkov, Alexei 68 Lubyanka Square 50,65,114,162,164, 245 Luhansk 73,141-2,156,176 Luhansk People’s Republic 104,177 Lukashevich, Alexander 198 Luxembourg 96 Luzgin, Vladimir 233, 255 Luzhkov, Yuri 159 Maariv 186 Macedonia. See Republic of North Macedonia McFaul, Michael 84, 90 Machinskii, Sergei 92 Index Madrid 108 Magadan 22,112,154,163,234 Maidan uprising (2013-14) 19-20,159, 196 Main Cathedral of the Russian Defense Forces 129-30, 138. See also Patriot military theme park Majdanek State Museum 206 Makarov, Nikolai 27-8 Makhachkala 66,158 Malaysian Airlines Flight 17, downing of (2014) 131,255 Maltsev, Anton 181 Manchester 108 Manchuria 33 Manezh exhibition hall 57, 65, 68 Mannerheim, Karl 178 Mao Zedong 150,177 Mao Zedong House Museum 177 March of the Living 201. See also the Holocaust; Israel Mari El Republic 130,156, 229 Markova, Yulia
206 Marks 209 Marx, Karl 7, 24,150 Marxism 7, 50, 88 Mask of Sorrow monument (1996) 163 Matanzas 201 Matilda movie (2017) 69,113,142-3, 256 Matvienko, Valentína 15, 54,137,141, 208, 251-2 Maus: A Survivor’s Tale (1991) 214 May 9 celebration 5, 34,61, 77, 89-109, 132,138-9, 146,185, 186, 193, 196-7, 200-1,206, 209-10, 233-5, 257,259-60 Medinskii, Vladimir 4-5,19, 26,40, 46-60, 64-5, 69,80-1, 88, 92, 97,102, 111, 113, 118,122, 131, 136,140,142,157-8,169-70, 174,178-9,181-2, 202, 205, 211, 232,238, 242, 245, 251-2, 254-6, 258-9 Medvedev, Dmitry 10-13, 55, 81, 85-7, 91,110,113,124,190,231,246 Medvedev, Sergei 209 Medvezhiegorsk 228-9 Mein Kampf 239. See abo Hitler, Adolf
Index Meisler, Frank 159 Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People 146. See also Dzhemilev, Mustafa Memorial 6, 25, 71,110,113-14,118, 149, 164, 183, 223,225-31, 240-6, 248-9 Memorial Candle monument (2020) 33, 144, 222 memorial days. See also state holidays Constitution Day (December 12) 144 Day in Honor of Internationalist Soldiers (February 15) 145 Day of Incorporation of Crimea (March 18) 144-5 Day of Incorporation of Crimea, Taman, and Kuban into the Russian Empire (April 19) 145 Day of the 1917 October Revolution (November 7) 145 Day of Remembrance and Grief (June 22) 116,177 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Deportation, Crimea (April 18) 146,161 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Repression (October 30) 146,245 Day of Remembrance of Victims of Radiation Accidents and Disasters (April 26) 145 Day of Russian Parliamentarism (April 27) 145 Day of St. Peter and Fevronia (July 8) 75 Day of Solidarity in the Fight against Terrorism (September 3) 145 Day of the Security Service Official (December 20) 60, 63 Patriotism Day, proposed (August 6) 145 Memorial de la Shoah 217 Memorialization of the Victims of Soviet Political Repression policy framework (2015) 213-14, 224, 231 Mephistopheles bas-relief 179 Merkel, Angela 95 Merridale, Catherine 3 311 Miagkov, Mikhail 28, 53-4, 58-9, 64, 89, 118, 260 Miasnikov, Alexander 66 Middle East 70, 72 Mikhailov, Vladimir 176 Mikhalkov, Nikita 54-5,242, 259 Military Prosecutor General’s Office 247 Military Uniform Museum 157 Millennium of Russia monument (1862) 169-70 Miller, Alexei 33, 81 Milonov, Vitaly 37, 235 Ministry of Agriculture
125 ministry of culture 4,18, 23, 26, 29, 51,57, 59, 80-1,113,124-5, 130-1,145,157, 171, 174-5, 179,182, 203, 227-8, 236, 248, 252, 258-9. See also Medinskii, Vladimir ministry of defense 5,18-20, 22-4, 30, 39, 59,64, 75-6, 81,91,124-33, 138,148, 187, 212, 227-8, 230, 240, 252. See aho Shoigu, Sergei ministry of education and science 1517, 26-7, 35, 38, 52, 54, 59,64, 67-8,81,98,124,126,135-6, 148,157, 243,255, 258. See also Vasilieva, Olga Ministry of Emergency Situations 9,125 Ministry of Energy 125 Ministry of Enlightenment. See Ministry of Education and Science Ministry of Fisheries 125 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4, 9,12, 15-16, 18,23, 39-41,58,64,74, 81, 88-9, 95,97, 108,124, 126, 190-5,199-200, 205-6,212-13, 216,218-19, 221-2,241, 259-60. See also Lavrov, Sergei Ministry of Health 125 Ministry of Justice 20, 22, 70, 214, 240-1,260 Ministry of the Interior 22, 36, 70, 124-6, 230 Ministry of Trade 125 Mironenko, Sergei 25-6,38,50-1,54 Mogilevskii, Konstantin 59-60, 210-11, 252 Moldova 189
312 Molodaia gvardiia nationalist youth organization 119,134, 234 Molotov, Vyacheslav 28 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) 1,10, 30, 32-3, 86, 186, 193, 215, 220, 233, 256, 261 Mongolia 108,161 "monstration” happening 119 Montclair State University 27 Montreal 108 Montreal University 27 monuments Alexander II 168 Alexanderül 168 Alley of Russian Glory 172-4 Authorities in the Service of the People 176 Borodino Bread 175 Brezhnev, Leonid 150 Children’s Round Dance fountain in Volgograd 73, 78,176 Churchill and Roosevelt in London 199 commissioned by RVIO 173-5 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 50,150,162-5, 183 First World War 57 Gagarin, Yuri 150,173 Genghis Khan 175 Gorbachev, Mikhail 158 the Holocaust 186,189-90, 200, 203, 208 Ivan the Great 169 Ivan the Terrible 169-72, 183, 256 Kalashnikov, Mikhail 174-5,183 Kalinin, Mikhail 152 Kant, Immanuel 63-4 at Katyn 117-18 Kolchak, Alexander 178 Konev, Ivan 215 Kutuzov, Mikhail 173 Lenin, Vladimir 71,141,150,152, 158,165, 169, 178 Mannerheim, Karl 178 Marx, Karl 150 Millennium of Russia 169-70 Mozgovoi “Ghost” Alexei 172 Nevsky, Prince Alexander 169,172 and Night Wolves biker club 176-7 Index Nikolai II 155,168, 256, 259 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 152 Panfilovs twenty-eight 50 Paveli 172 Peter the Great 154 Pozharsky, Prince Dmitry 154 Putin, Vladimir 166-8 Putin’s “green men” 128,167-8,183 St. Barbara 175 saints 259 Second World War 9,14,20, 32, 56, 74, 77, 90, 96-7,100,102,125, 134, 147,165,172, 177, 186-7, 193-5,198-9, 207-8, 210, 213, 215, 221-2, 234-7,240 security services 60 siege of Leningrad 144, 222 Slavic Girl’s Farewell 174 Solzhenitsyn,
Alexander 112 Soviet Legacy 163 Stalin, Josef 6,45, 71, 74,112,117, 119,146, 149-62,168,172, 183 victims of Stalin 6,15,71,112-15, 147,154,176,225, 229, 243-5 Vladimir, Prince 169-70,175,183 Waffen SS 192 Yalta Conference 74,158-61,183 Mordovia 107 Morozov, Alexander 7-8 Moscovite Rus 7, 88. See also Kievan Rus Moscow 5-7,23-5, 27-9, 44-6, 50, 57, 60, 62, 65-6, 71, 74-6, 79, 83-4, 90, 93, 96,100-1,103-4, 107-9, 111-16,118-19,128-9, 131, 139, 141, 143-6, 150,152,1579,162, 164,166, 169-70,173-5, 178-9,181, 186-8, 194, 196, 198,200-2, 204, 206-9, 213-15, 220, 228, 231, 236, 239-40, 242-3, 246-7, 256-7, 261 Moscow Helsinki Group 242 Moscow Human Rights Bureau 193 Moscow Patriarchate 62-3,66, 69-70. See also Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate Cultural Council and Humanitarian Project Foundation 66. See also Tikhon, Bishop
Index Moscow Pedagogical State University 31-2,43, 68, 253-4 Moscow Region State University 31 Moscow River 169 Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences 34,258 Moscow State University (MGU) 12,15, 30-1,33,52,66,253 Moscow State University of International Relations (MGIMO) 35, 46, 225,253 Moscow theater hostage crisis (2002) 68 Moscow Theological Academy 225 Mosin, Alexei 244 Moskalkova, Tatiana 189 Motherland Calls statue (1967) 234 “Motorola”. See Pavlov, Arseny movies, historical 18,26, 50-1, 59-60, 113,130,136, 140, 142-3, 202-12, 217, 221. See also names of individual movies Mozgovoi “Ghost” Alexei 172 Mtsituridze, Ekaterina 209 Munich Agreement (1938) 1, 86,186 Murmansk 138 Museum of Arctic Exploration 181, 260 Museum of History of the Military Commandant’s Office 60 Museum of the Russian Icon 181 Museum of the USSR, proposed 177 museums 57, 60,62, 64-8, 71-2,74, 87, 96-7, 111, 114, 116,118-19, 125-8,138-9,150-1,153-4, 156-7,159,176-8,180-2, 186-7,190,195-7, 200, 202-6, 214, 220, 223-31, 236-8, 240-4, 248-9, 254, 256, 260. See aho names of individual museums Muslims 91,201,242 Mussolini, Benito 150 Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) 89, 125, 138,173 Narian-Mar 91 Narochnitskaia, Natalia 4,10, 43-4, 58, 79,122 Narodnyi sobor 37 Narusova, Liudmila 54 313 Narva 108 Naryshkin, Sergei 10-11, 21, 56-9,80-1, 95-7, 137, 160, 164, 251-2, 256 Nashi nationalist youth organization 7, 134-5 Natanya 186-7, 207, 222 National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS) 36 National Guard (Rossgvardiia) 133 National Liberation Movement (NOD) nationalist organization 135, 243 national security
program 8,114,126 National World War II Museum 119 NATO 27, 37, 56, 88, 97, 186, 190,200 Navalny, Alexei 75, 81, 234-5, 239, 245 Nazi death camps 6, 98,185,192,196-7, 199-200, 202-6, 208-15, 217, 219-21. See also names of individual camps Nazi Germany 1,5,9-11,14,17,56-8, 70, 73, 76-7, 84-6, 90-2, 94, 978, 100, 102,116, 119, 129-30, 132-3, 138, 140, 143, 149-50, 174,185, 188-95, 198-9, 207, 213,216,219-21,225,233-4, 236-9, 242, 253, 256-7, 259, 261 Nazi mass murder of Jews. See the Holocaust Nazis 4, 9,14, 37, 75,103,108,132,139, 160, 186-7, 189, 198, 202-4, 206-7,210,215, 218-21,239, 246, 253 Nazism 10, 14, 16-18, 25, 32, 55, 58, 83, 94, 96-7,139, 146, 156, 160, 168, 187-91, 193-5,197-8, 201, 206,208,210, 213, 219-20, 222, 231, 233-4, 236, 238, 255, 260 Nazi-Soviet Relations from 1939 to 1941 document collection (1948) 1-2 Nebenzia, Vasily 194 Nechaev, Sergei 209 Neizvestnyi, Ernst 112 Nemes, László 211 Nemtsov, Boris, assassination of (2015) 241 neo-Nazism 14, 57, 192, 195,208, 217 Netanyahu, Benjamin 187, 206-7,212
314 the Netherlands 128, 204-5, 207, 239 Neva River 129 Nevinnomyssk 209 Nevsky, Prince Alexander 47,129,136, 172 Nevzorov, Alexander 121 New Chronology museum, proposed 181 New Orleans 119 New York City 43,192-3,213,221 New York Times 95 Nezavisimaia Gazeta 7 Night Wolves biker club 5, 72-9, 81,101, 132,135,145,171,176-7. See also biker festivals; Zaldostanov, Alexander Nikiforov, Yuri 58,140, 260 Nikolai II 69, 77, 85-6,100,142-3,155, 168,224, 256 Nizhnevartovsk 209 Nizhnii Novgorod 112,181 Nizhnii Tagil 139 NKVD 21 -2,46, 58, 60֊ 1, 73,102,107, 109,112-13,162,165, 225, 230-1, 238, 243-4, 246-8. See also Cheka; FSB; KGB; OGPU NOD. See National Liberation Movement nongovernment organizations 4-6, 35, 43, 217-18, 249. See also names of individual organizations Norman theory 85 North America 26 North Caucasus 6,66,150,242. See also Caucasus North Ossetia 150-1,165 Norway 181,195, 239 Norwegian Holocaust Center 201, 208, 216,261 Novaia Gazeta 38,49, 54,225 November 7 parade, Soviet 105,145 Novgorod 139,169-70 Novocherkassk 152-3 Novodevichii Convent 80-1 Novorossia. See Donbass Novorossiysk 73,166-7, 235 Novosibirsk 22, 63,102,112,119,139, 143,152, 154-5,165,168 Novosti 56 Novosti news agency 93 Index Novyi Urengoi 137, 238 Nowak-Jeziorański, Jan 233 NTV channel 224,253 Nuremberg judgement ( 1946) 10-11,13, 18, 38,188,190-3, 213, 218-19, 232, 234 Nuremberg trial ( 1945-46) 15,17, 38-9, 95,140,160,191,193,199, 203, 213, 215, 219-21, 232, 234, 247 Obama, Barack 90 Obninsk 105 Ob River 153 Odessa, fire at (2014) 209 Ogonek magazine 136 OGPU 60,230-1. See also Cheka; FSB; KGB;
NKVD oligarchs 32, 48,137,222. See also names of individual oligarchs Olma Media Group 48 Olympic Games. See Sochi Winter Olympic Games Omsk 100,236 “On Attempts at Falsification of History” statement (2005) 9 Open Media 128 opinion polls 10,21-2,43, 61, 83,100, 107,109-10,116,121,141, 143-5,147-50, 154-5, 169-70, 223 Oppenheimer, Robert 174 Orange Revolution. See Maidan uprising Orbán, Viktor 34 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 152 Orekh, Anton 110 Orel 100,139,169-71 Orenburg 62 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. See OSCE Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists/ Ukrainian Insurgent Army. See OUN/UPA Orthodox churches and chapels 5, 61-2, 70-1,75,129-30,138, 152, 170, 179-81,195, 225 Orthodox clergy 64, 71, 74-5, 91,107, 114,130, 235, 239,252 Orwell, George 53
Index Oscars nominations. See Academy Awards OSCE 33, 95,189, 191,195, 198-9 Oslo 201, 208, 216, 261 Ostrov 156 Otstavnykh, Valery 62 Ottawa 108 Ottoman Empire 72 OUN/UPA 15,19,45,199, 220 Our Duty Foundation 159 Pacific Ocean 100 Pakhaliuk, Konstantin 252 Pale of Jewish Settlement 67 Palmyra 27 Panchenko, Alexander 233 Panfilov, Ivan 50 Panfilov’s twenty-eight 26, 50-1, 57-8, 129,136 Panfilov’s 28 movie (2016) 51, 57,102 Paris 44, 86, 213, 217 partisans. See Soviet partisans Passover 197 patriotic education 5,44, 48, 58, 60, 65, 81,93, 100,114,121-7, 130, 132,134-5,147-8,172-3,182, 198,209, 249, 251,253, 255-6, 261 patriotic education program 122-6, 147-8,173, 182, 255 Patriot military theme park 5,101,126, 129-32,138,174 Paulus, Friedrich, surrender of (1943) 139 Pavel I 40,172 Pavlenskii, Piotr 247-8 Pavlov “Motorola” Arseny 108 Pavlovskii, Gleb 84 Pechersky, Alexander 6, 202, 207-8, 210-1. See also Alexander Pechersky Foundation Pentecost Church 233 Penza 156 People’s Memorial House Museum of Gulag History 229-31, 248, 257 People’s Memory online project (2015) 24. See also Ministry of Defense Peoples’ Tragedy monument (1996) 186 315 Peres, Shimon 188,190 Perestroika 8, 31, 50,73,110,152, 244 Perm 112,137,209,223,233 Perm 36 Gulag Museum 6, 28, 223-5, 229, 242, 248-9, 257 Permiakov, Igor 19 Persson, Göran 216 Peskov, Dmitry 113,155,241 Peter the Great 154,170 Petropavlovsk fortress 179 Petrov, Alexei 35 Petrov, Nikita 21,25 Petrov, Yuri 68,119 Petrozavodsk 226 Petrozavodsk State University 227 PhD theses 36-8, 40, 46, 51 ֊5, 64, 68, 80, 203, 211, 233, 245, 252, 258
Philippov, Alexander 33 Pianist movie (2002) 211 Piatigorsk 133 Pikhoia, Rudolf 21 Pink Floyd 49 Piotrovsky, Mikhail 23 Pivovar, Efim 40 plagiarism, academic 34, 52-5,158,174, 258 Pobeda low-cost airline 98 Pobeda TV channel 98 pobedobesie 98-9,101-2,118 Podolsk 19 Poklonnaia Hill 97,103,159 Poklonskaia, Natalia 113,142-3,161 Poland 9,12,16, 20, 24-7, 32-3,41, 44, 72,74, 86, 97,117,121, 186, 189,195-7, 199-208,210-11, 215-16, 219, 225-6, 229, 233, 237,239,253, 256 Polanski, Roman 211 Poles 15, 20,45-6,97, 117-18, 136, 140, 144,210,215, 225,233 Polian, Pavel 19, 217 Polish Academy of Sciences 44 “Polish Holocaust law” (2018) 215 Polish Institute of National Remembrance 12, 30-1, 44-5 Polish-Moscovite War (1609-18) 47-9, 125 Polish Parliament 20, 33, 205 "polite people”. See Putin’s “green men”
316 political dissent, suppression of 6,88, 145,232, 258,261. See also criminal prosecution; Russian Penal Code political technology 2-3, 244, 254. See ako geopolitics Polivanova, Alexandra 110 Poltava, Battle of (1709) 145 Ponomarev, Lev 242 Ponomarev, Mikhail 14 Popov, Gavriil 58 Poroshenko, Petro 108,196 Portugal 108 Potomskii, Vadim 170 Potsdam Conference (1945) 56,159-60 Pozharsky, Prince Dmitry 154 Prague 215 preschool education 122, 132-3. See also kindergartens Presidential Administration 6,10, 56, 59, 80,94,104, 161, 166, 260 Presidential Human Rights Council 51, 110, 222, 248 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 128-9 Prilepin, Zakhar 122 Princeton University 27 prisoners of war 33, 36-7,46, 97,129, 139, 190, 199, 202-3, 207, 220, 227-9 pro-democracy protests of 2011-12,4, 8, 39, 55, 62, 68, 186, 220-1, 224, 249, 251. See also public protests Prokhanov, Alexander 71, 77,122-3, 154,170-1 Prokhorov, Mikhail 112 pro-Kremlin organizations 4-5, 7,10, 13-14,29-30, 37-8,43-6, 55֊ 61,70, 72-81,98, 119,134-5, 173, 178, 188-90,193-4, 197-9, 201, 203-4, 206, 210, 212-13, 217-18,221-2,224,227-8, 234, 238,242-4, 249, 252-3, 255-6, 259. See also names of individual organizations Prosecutor General’s Office 10,12, 22, 39, 111, 113,142, 161,230,241 prosecutor’s office 35-7,146,178, 233-9 Prosveshchenie publishing house 137. See also Rotenberg, Arkady Index Prudovskii, Sergei 21-2,245 Pskov 25, 63, 65, 69,122-3,138, 229, 235 Pskov-Pechory Monastery of the Caves 65 public protests 100,145. See also pro democracy protests of 2011-12 Pushilin, Denis 156 Pushkin State Art Museum 23 Pussy Riot 62
putsch of August 1991 165 Putin, Vladimir and Alexander III 65,168 an antisemitic remark by 218 and archives 19, 24-6, 59 and Article 354.1 (glorification of Nazism) 232 and Bishop Tikhon 63, 65 and the Bolshevik Revolution 86 and Clinton, Hillary 86 compared to Hitler 235 and the Constitution 223,258 and Crimean Tatars 146 criticism of proscribed 240, 258 cronies of 44, 54, 69,103,137,182, 222, 242, 258-9 and the cult of the Second World War 5, 24, 30, 32-3, 85-7, 89-97,100,119, 140,182, 261 and Dzerzhinsky, Felix 6,162,164 and the European University at St. Petersburg 34 and the Holocaust 6,45,144,185-8, 196-7, 202-3, 205-7,212, 216-18,222 and ideology 2-4, 7-8,47, 72, 86, 110,173 and Immortal Regiment 96,104-5, 118 and the information security doctrine 242 in Israel 144 and Ivan the Terrible 171 joins Yeltsin’s administration 65 and Kadyrov, Ramzan 147 and Katyn memorial 118 as a KGB officer 83-4,140,162 and Lenin, Vladimir 142 and Matilda movie 142-3
Index and memorial days 145 Munich speech by 88-9 and museums 182 neologisms by 48-9 and Night Wolves biker club 73, 75, 77-9,81,138,176-7 and Panfilov’s 28 51 parents of 86 and Patriarch Kirill 68,71 and patriotic education 121,123-6, 128, 249 and Patriot military theme park 129,132 as president 7,9,11, 36, 39, 69, 75, 80,84,109,121, 135,151, 170, 185-6, 196,223, 239, 249, 251, 253, 257 and Prigozhin, Yevgeny 128 and Prince Vladimir 170,180 proclaimed the Year of Memory and Glory in Russia 97 promotes Chersonesos 86,180 and “Russia: My History” theme park 65-6 and the Russian Orthodox Church 61,69 and Shcherbakov, Salavat 173-4 and the siege of Leningrad 86,144 and Stalin, Josef 5, 68, 85, 87,109-11, 115,121,132,158,162 and Stalin’s crimes 87,110,114-15, 118, 231 and state holidays 144 statues of 6,166-8,183,258 and Strelkov, Igor 63 and a system of governance instituted by 39, 56, 58-9, 80, 217, 252-5,257-8 and a unified textbook 135 and Victory organizing committee 93-5,193 views on history by 3-5,14,16, 28, 33,41,69-70, 83-9,96, 221, 242, 251, 253-5, 260 and war veterans 24-5, 98,205-6 on Yalta Conference 74, 158, 160-1 and Youth Army 128 Putinism 7,89, 257 317 Putin’s “green men” 73,101,128,132, 167-8,183 Queen Mary University of London 213 rabbis 187-9 Rachinskii, Ian 243 racism 9,14,191-2,219 Rada 159 Radev, Rumen 72 Radio Liberty 109,113,123, 241 Rasputin, Grigory 40, 77,181. See also Grigory Rasputin House Museum Red Army 6,20,24-5, 36-7, 84, 92,128, 160,178,186-8, 191-2,194, 196-8, 201,203-6, 212-14, 217֊ 19, 259, 261. See also soldiers, Soviet Red Cross 36 Red
Square 24, 95, 97,101-2,139,141, 145,173,235 Red Terror (1918-22) 60,162-4, 257 Reichstag building, storming of a replica at Patriot military theme park (2017) 130-1 relics 75,182. See abo saints REN TV 101 Repin, Ilya 170 Republic of North Macedonia 200-1 Republic of Sakha 71,152 Republika Srpska 75 Restoring the Names ceremony 71,245, 249. See also Memorial Reznik, Henry 233 RIA news agency 210 Righteous among the Nations database 216. See also Yad Vashem Museum RIO. See Russian Historical Society “Rio Rita: The Joy of Victory” happening 138-9,257 Rogozin, Dmitry 94,112 Roma people 200 Romania 200 Romanov, Roman 118 Rome 108 Roosevelt, D. Franklin 74,119,158-9, 161,204
318 Roskino. See Federal Agency on Culture and Cinematography Rossgvardiia. See National Guard Rossiia One TV channel 111, 207 Rossiia 24 TV channel 54, 227, 243 Rossiiskaia Gazeta 52, 58, 60,192, 246 Rossotrudnichestvo. See Federal Agency for the CIS Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation Rossvoentsentr. See Russian State Military History and Cultural Center Rostov-on-Don 133,168,189-90, 203, 209 Rotenberg, Arkady 48,137 Rotterdam, bombing of ( 1940) 97 Rousseau, Henri 181 RT. See Russia Today Russia in Global Affairs 32-3 “Russia: My History” theme park 5, 65-8, 70, 81,129, 138,182, 236, 254 Russian Academy of Education 15 Russian Academy of Arts 158, 186,193 Russian Academy of Sciences 4,10,1213, 15, 18,27-8, 32-4, 36-8, 66, 68,81,84-5,91,118-19, 125, 135, 252-3. See also Chubarian, Alexander Russian Administrative Code. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Penal Code; Soviet Penal Code Article 20.1 (disrespect toward the society and the state) 240 Article 20.3 (display of Nazi symbols) 231,234-6 Russian Army 95-7,100-1,132,145-6, 148,173,181. See also Red Army Russian Association of History Teachers 17 Russian Center for Holocaust and Genocide History 198, 21214, 222. See also Altman, Ilya Russian Central State Museum of Contemporary History 61,117 Index Russian Civil War (1918-22) 77, 86, 93, 100,140,178 Russian Criminal Code. See Russian Penal Code Russian Empire 3, 7,15, 20, 30, 55, 62, 65, 72, 76, 86, 88, 128, 141-2, 166,211 Russian Geographical Society 128 Russian Government 3-4, 6,16,
25-6, 28, 39, 73, 80-1, 84, 90, 98,118, 123, 135,147-8,173, 176, 187, 196, 200,210,215,218, 222-4, 239,251-5, 258-61. See also Duma; Federation Council. See also names of individual ministries Russian Historical Society (RIO) 5, 13-15,17-18,21,26-7, 30, 32, 46, 55-6, 59, 79-80,84-5, 95, 160, 251-2, 254, 259. See also Naryshkin, Sergei Russian Imperial Historical Society 79 Russian Institute of History Politics, proposed 4,29-31,253,257-8 Russian Institute of National Remembrance 59 Russian Investigative Committee 69, 117,189, 228, 234,237-8, 246 Russian Jewish Congress 197, 212-13 Russian Liberation Army 15. See also Vlasov, Andrei Russian Liberation Movement (SERB) nationalist organization 135, 238,243 Russian Military Historical Society (RVIO) 5, 27-8, 31 -2,46, 51, 53, 55-61, 64, 74, 80-1, 84, 89, 92, 95, 97, 111, 117-18, 126, 128, 130, 133-4, 138-40,156-7, 169, 171,173-5, 178, 181,200, 203-4, 208-11, 218, 227-8, 244, 252, 254-6, 259-60. See also Medinskii, Vladimir Russian Orthodox Church 2, 5, 23, 43-4, 61-75, 81, 90-1, 105, 115,121, 129-30, 136, 141-3, 157, 168-70,173, 176, 179-82, 187, 225, 231, 239, 251-4, 256, 259. See also Kirill, Patriarch;
Index Moscow Patriarchate; Orthodox churches; Orthodox priests; “Russia: My History” theme park; Tikhon, Bishop Russian Orthodox University 66 Russian Penal Code. See also criminal prosecution; political dissent, suppression of; Russian Administrative Code; Soviet Penal Code Article 148 (offending religious sentiments of the believers) 62,142, 239 Article 205.2 (justification of terrorism) 237 Article 214 (vandalism) 247-8 Article 242 (distribution of pornography) 237 Article 243 (destruction of cultural heritage) 228,240 Article 244 (desecration of burial sites) 228,231,234 Article 275 (high treason) 23 Article 282 (incitement of ethnic hatred) 6,231,236-8 Article 354.1 (glorification of Nazism) 6,37-8,72-3,131, 150-1,178,189,219, 231-4, 235,238,255, 261 Russian Political Scientists Society 30 Russian Railway Museum 182 Russian Railways 56, 93,174,182 Russians 2,7, 14, 18, 30, 33,48, 51, 58-9, 62, 65, 68,77,83-90, 94, 100,102,105-13,116,118-19, 121-5, 131-2,135-6,140-1, 144-5,147-9, 152,166, 169, 171-2,174,177,181, 185-6, 191,197, 204, 208-10, 212, 218, 225, 236,242,257,259-60 Russian Schoolchildren’s Movement 126-7 Russian Search Movement 64, 95,100, 125-6, 234 Russian State Archives (GARF) 21, 25, 38, 50-1, 54, 141 Russian State Archives of Literature and Arts (RGALI) 24 319 Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (RGASPI) 24 Russian State Historical Museum 23, 111,256 Russian State Library 54 Russian State Military Historical Archives (RGVIA) 19-20 Russian State Military History and Cultural Center (Rossvoentsentr) 124,173 Russian State Nuclear Energy
Corporation 124 Russian State Social University (RGSU) 46 Russian State Space Corporation 124 Russian State University for the Humanities (RGGU) 29, 66, 68, 198, 201,213-14 Russian Supreme Court 22,233,247 Russian World, concept of 44, 78 Russian Writers Union 48 “Russia’s Foreign Policy in a Historical Perspective” opinion piece (2016) 88. See also Lavrov, Sergei Russia Today (RT) 8,59,95,201, 238,256. See also Simonian, Margarita Russkaia narodnaia liniia nationalist organization 37 Russkii lad nationalist organization 38 Russkii Vestnik 214 Russo-Georgian War (2008) 68, 88,132, 188 Russophobia, allegations of 27, 38,112, 148, 171, 197,207, 239 RVIO. See Russian Military Historical Society Ryazan 29,164,169, 241 Ryzhkov, Vladimir 154 Rzhev 157 St. Barbara statue, proposed 175 St. George 75, 78,101,104 St. George’s Cross 93 St. George’s ribbon 93, 95, 98,108,128, 234. See also May 9 celebration St. Isaak’s Cathedral 23 St. Matrona of Moscow 71
320 St. Michael 174 St. Nicholas 75 St. Peter’s Basilica 75 St. Petersburg 23-4, 28, 33, 35-8,49, 66, 68, 71, 75, 81, 93,100-2, 117,128-9,131,133,138,141, 143-4,154,165-6,170,177-9, 181-2, 209, 233,235,237, 239,241, 244,257-8. See also Leningrad, the siege of St. Petersburg Military Academy 178 St. Petersburg State University 31, 38, 233 saints 6,62, 71,143,168-9,173,175, 181-2,186, 256, 259. See also relics Sakha Republic 71,152 Sakharov, Andrei (historian) 10 Sakharov, Andrei (scientist and human rights activist) 174 Sakharov Center 6,115,118, 240, 243 Samara 151,236 Samodurov, Yuri 115-16, 243 Samoilova, Yulia 108, 210 Sandarmokh memorial cemetery 6, 225-9, 257. See also Dmitriev, Yuri Sanina, Anna 122-3 Sarapul 209 Saratov 79, 100,151,163,180 Saratov State University 35 Satanism 79,176,180 Savenkov, Alexander 14 Sberbank 127 Scandinavia 52 Scandinavians 85 Schindler’s List movie ( 1992) 211 schoolchildren 17-18, 67,105, 108-9, 116,122-3, 126-31, 133-5,148, !73, 204,209-10, 235-8, 242-4. See also history textbooks; patriotic education program; Youth Army children’s organization schools 5,17-18, 67, 75, 85, 88,92, 104-5,107, 122-3,126-7,135, 172-3,198, 209-10,213, 235, 238, 241-4 Index school teachers 17,67,122,126,135-7, 147-8, 209, 239, 243-4, 255 Schwarzenegger, Arnold 112 Scopus citation database 31. See also Web of Science Second World War 1 -2,4-5, 9,11 -12, 14-15,18,24, 30-4, 36-9,41, 45-6, 50-1, 56-9,64,67, 73-6, 83-109,112,115-16,118-19, 121,123,125-6, 128-32,134, 136-40,149,152, 156, 159-61, 172-4,176-8,182,185-201, 203-5, 207-8,210,212-13, 215,217,219-20, 222,
227-8, 232-40, 243-4, 253, 257-8, 260 Secret Speech by Khrushchev (1956) 153. See also de-Stalinization; Khrushchev, Nikita Security Council, Russian 30, 59 security services. See FSB Selin, Adrian 68 Semenov, Vitaly 35 Seoul 108 SERB. See Russian Liberation Movement Serbia 37, 56,93,97,206 serfdom, abolition of 171-2 Sergia, Mother 63 Sevastopol 73-6,78-9, 86,101,104-5, 133,138,147, 154,180, 188 Severomorsk 127 Shablinskii, Ilya 51 Shalev, Andrei 243-4 Shapovalov, Vladimir 32 Sharon, Ariel 185 Shcherbakov, Salavat 167-9,173-5,186, 217, 252 Sheremetyevo airport 79 Sherlanger 156 Shetyna, Grzegorz 196 Shevkunov, Georgy. See Tikhon, Bishop Shies, proposed landfill at 110 Shkolnik, Alexander 96-7 Shleimovich, Emil 222 Shmyrov, Victor 224-5, 229,248 Shneer, Aron 186 Shoigu, Sergei 5,9-11, 81,102,127-31, 138, 204,252
Index Shpigel, Boris 4,45,79,188-9,193-5, 214,217 Shpileva, Anzhelika 237 Shtyrev, Viacheslav 16-17 Shutov, Andrei 30, 32 Siberia 66,104,139,151, 153, 234,238, 246 Sikorski, Radosław 196 Sillamäe 108 Simferopol 73,146-7,161,167-8 Simindei, Vladimir 45 Simonian, Margarita 95, 256 Simon Wiesenthal Center 189 Skopje 108,200-1 Škripal, Sergei, attempted assassination of (2018) 40 slavery 135 Slaviansk 63 Slavic Girl’s Farewell statue (2014) 174 Slavs 33,67,75,130,169,199,218 Slier, Paula 201 Slovakia 200, 204-5, 207, 213 Slovaks 78 Slovenia 97 Smetanskii, Daniil 235 Smirnov, Dmitry 129 Smolensk 47-8,163, 235,254 Smolny College 233 Sobchak, Ksenia 55 Sobianin, Sergei 11, 65,246 Sobibor death camp 6, 32,202-5, 208, 211-12, 220-1 .See also the Holocaust; Nazi death camps Sobibor memorial 204-6, 208 Sobibor movie (2018) 6, 60, 201 -12 Sochi 96, 110,112,159, 206, 236 Sochi Winter Olympic Games 3,76, 94, 98,127,137,147 Social Science Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24 Sofia 72,108 Sofrino 70 Sokolov, Nikita 9 Sokolov, Oleg 57 soldiers, Soviet 6,14, 18, 24, 64, 75, 84, 97-8,100,128-32,140,144, 186, 191, 198-9, 203,210,212, 220-1, 227-8, 234-5, 260. See also Red Army 321 Solonin, Mark 58 Solovetsky Islands 71-2 Solovetsky Monastery 71-2 Solovetsky stone memorial ( 1990) 71, 114, 245 Soloviev, Vladimir 218 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 112, 247-8 Son of Saul movie (2015) 211 Soros Foundation 29 South America 212-13 South Europe 33 South Ossetia 75 sovereign democracy, concept of 7,134, 261. See also Surkov, Vladislav Sovetsk 237 Soviet Army. See Red Army Soviet Extraordinary
Commission. See Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Committed by the GermanFascist Invaders and Their Accomplices in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union “Soviet Genocide in Ukraine” article (1953) 20 Soviet Information Bureau 1 Sovietization of Eastern Europe 58,74,97 Sovietology 15,26,39 Soviet partisans 13,197 Soviet Penal Code. See also Russian Penal Code Article 70 (anti-Soviet propaganda) 232 Article 71 (propaganda of war) 232 Soviet people 1-2, 37, 50, 58, 76, 88, 94, 111, 113,117, 140, 145,185, 189- 91, 203,207, 217, 222 Soviet Pioneer organization 126-7, 251 Soviet Union 1-3, 7-12,14-15,17-18, 23-7, 30-9,45-6,49, 57-61, 65, 70-2, 74-8, 81, 83-110,113-19, 121-3,127-30, 132, 136, 138, 140,143-6,148-51,155-6, 161-6,174-7,179, 183,185-7, 190-1,193-4,198-201, 203-5, 207-8, 210, 212-23, 229-30, 232-4, 236, 240,243,251-4, 256-7,259-61
322 Index Soviet war in Afghanistan 23,125,145, 256 Soviet war memorials 7,14,20, 32, 96-7, 100,125,134,193-5,198-9, 207-8, 210, 213, 215, 221, 234-7, 240. See also monuments space program 83,112,232. See also Gagarin, Yuri; Rogozin, Dmitry Spain 33,151,179,239 Sparrow Hills 164,169 Spartak football club 143 Spaso-Andronnikov Monastery 62 Spetsnaz, Russian special forces 128,133 Spiegelman, Art 214 Spielberg, Steven 211 Sputnik 95 Sretensky Monastery 63-5,179 Sretensky theological seminary 64,66 Stalin, Josef 1-2,5-6, 15, 32-3, 37,45, 50-1,57,61, 68, 70-1, 73-4, 76-8, 85-6, 89-90, 92, 102-3, 105,108-19,121,130,132,134, 136,141, 146-7,149-62, 164-6, 168,170, 177, 183, 203,219-20, 224, 234, 237-9, 242, 246, 253, 256-7 Stalingrad. See Volgograd Stalingrad, Battle of (1942-43) 28,30, 48, 76, 92,138,145,154,165, 176 Stalin house museum 157 Stalinism 6, 8,14,17, 21, 31, 37, 55, 70, 81,110,112-13,116-17,119, 150, 218, 240, 246, 257. See also de-Stalinization Stalinists 90,109,111-12,136,147, 153-4, 183, 238, 247 Stalino. See Donetsk Stalin’s crimes 4, 6, 9,14, 21-2, 25, 27, 31-2, 36,45-6, 58, 60-1, 67-8, 71-3, 81, 87-9, 109-18, 135-7, 146-7,149, 153-5,162, 164, 176-7, 222-31, 243-8,254, 257, 260. See also Butovo mass execution site; deportations; the famine of 1932-33; Great Terror; Gulag; Khaibakh massacre; Kommunarka mass execution site; NKVD; Perm 36; Red Terror; Sandarmokh memorial cemetery Stalin’s victims. See Gulag victims Starikov, Nikolai 2, 71,122,135 State Academic Malyi Theater 48 state holidays. See also memorial days Day of the Defender of Motherland (February 23)
102 Flag Day (August 22) 144 National Unity Day (November 4) 49,136,144 Russia Day (June 12) 144 Victory Day (May 9) 102 State Museum of Contemporary Russian History 57,61,117 Stavropol 133 Stepanov, Igor 117,246 Stepashin, Sergei 59, 70 Stockholm Declaration on the Holocaust (2000) 216 Stolypin, Piotr 183,211 Stone, Oliver 110 Strasbourg 209,213 Strelkov, Igor 62-3 Subetto, Alexander 37 Supreme Attestation Board (VAK) 38, 52-4 Suprun, Mikhail 36 Surgut 153-4,172 Surkov, Vladislav 7,88-9, 111, 134,257 Sut vremeni. See the Essence of Time Suvorov, Victor 18 Svalbard 181 Svanidze, Nikolai 51 Sverdlovsk region 29 Svetliakov, Kirill 149 Sviridov, Georgy 76 swastikas 214,235-7 Swedes 187 Switzerland 195,237 Syktyvkar 210,241 Syria 27, 37, 60, 72, 75, 88, 90,100,129, 168,172, 198, 206,212,218 Taisaev, Kazbek 150,156 Takhankut 152 Tallinn 108,193, 195,199 Tambov 133-4,172 tanks 100-2,104,138. See also T-34 tank
Index Tanks movie (2018) 102 Tarasov, Vladimir 15 Tashkent 138 TASS news agency 45,167 Tatarstan 63, 66,151-2, 236 Taylor deCaires, Jason 150 Tbilisi 152 Tehran 159 Tehran Conference (1943) 159 Tel Aviv 203, 206 Tepliakov, Dmitry 25 Terekhova, Yulia 181 Terminator movie (1984) 112 terrorism 130,145,186,197, 209, 237, 247-8 Thatcher, Margaret 67 the Thaw 162. See also Khrushchev, Nikita theology 65 Theresienstadt ghetto 199, 215. See also the Holocaust Thomas theorem 86 “Three Tank Drivers, Three Jolly Friends” song (1939) 101 Tikhon, Bishop 5,44, 59, 63-72, 81, 85, 122,129,138,179,251,254 Tishkov, Valery 10, 55, 59 Titov, Vladimir 59 Tiumen 66, 104,112,151, 163, 254 Tobolsk 112 Tokyo 74 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow 90 Tom Sawyer Fest volunteer club 180 Tomsk 103-5,108,116,231 Tomsk Memorial Museum “NKVD Investigative Prison” 231 toponymy 150,165, 207 Toymentsev, Sergei 254 Transneft 56 Transnistria 75 Transylvania 200 Treptower Park 74, 77 Tretyakov Art Gallery 170-1 Troitsky, Artemy 73 Trotsky, Leon 230 True History Foundation 25 Trump, Donald 96-7,161 Trunenkov, Dmitry 127 323 Tsarist Empire. See Russian Empire Tsaritsyn. See Volgograd tsars 3, 6,15,40, 52, 65, 68-70, 77, 88,100,110,142-3,145, 155, 168-73,175,178,183,186, 224, 256,258-9. See also names of individual tsars Tsarskoe Selo 178 Tsereteli, Zurab 157-60,166,173-4, 186, 217, 251-2, 258 TsSKA football club 98-9 Г-34 movie (2018) 102 T-34 tank 100-2,138 Tula 62,167-8, 238 Tula State Weapon Museum 181 Tumarkin, Nina 142 TU-95 “Bear” strategic bomber 100 Tunis 208 Turkey 7, 41, 261 Turks 72 Tuva, Republic of
237 Tvardovsky, Alexander 2 TV2 channel 103 Uchitel, Alexei 142-3 Ukraine 4, 6,12,15,19-20,25, 37-8,46, 52, 57,62-3, 73-4, 76, 79, 81, 83, 88, 90,105,108,121-2,131, 134-5,137,142, 146-7, 158-60, 168-9, 176-7,188-9, 194-9, 201,208,210-11,215-16,219, 221,223-4, 226, 232-3,249, 251,253, 255, 260 Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance 12, 30-1,45 Ukrainian Museum of National History 45 Ukrainians 45-6,102,139,189,191, 196,202,210,215, 225 Ukrainian Secret Services Archives 25 Ulaanbaatar 108,161 Ulan-Ude 100,234 Ulianovsk 141,177 Ulitskaia, Liudmila 243 UN Charter 191, 213 UN Commission on Human Rights. See UN Human Rights Council UN Committee on Information 192-3 UNESCO 169, 213, 224
324 UN General Assembly 74,191-3, 221 UN Genocide Convention (1948) 192, 219. See also genocide UN Human Rights Council 9,191-3 United Kingdom 1,18, 32,40, 97,108, 159,219 United Nations 43,192-7, 208, 211,213, 218, 221 United Russia Party 10, 46, 50, 56-7, 65, 79,103-4,117,121,126,134, 142, 166, 256 United States of America 1-3, 7,16, 27, 33, 36-40,47, 73-4, 79, 83, 88, 90, 96-7,108,119, 135, 159, 161,189,192,194-5,218-19, 244, 260 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 192 universities 12,15, 27-40, 43, 52-5, 63-4, 66, 68, 84, 96, 104-5, 121, 123, 135-6, 148, 158, 198, 213, 225, 233,252. See also names of individual universities university students 18, 27, 35, 55, 63, 67, 84, 106-8,121, 125-6, 136,141, 148,213 UN Resolution 60/7 ("on the Holocaust Remembrance”) 211-12 UN Resolution 61/147 (“countering racism and xenophobia”) 9, 192-4 UN Resolution 67/154 (“glorification of Nazism”) 95,194,212,219, 221 UN Secretary General 208 UN Security Council 58, 222 UN Third Committee 191-2 Urals Federal University 52 Uruguay 212 US Army 37, 99-100,127, 257 US Department of State 1, 86, 105, 208 US Department of the Treasury 222 US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) 21,193, 208 Uzbekistan 138,208 Vaino, Anton 97 Valentine’s Day 75 Index vandalism, acts of 63-4,117,147,155, 161,168,170-1, 178-9,195, 215, 228, 234,248,256 Varlamov, Ilya 105,179 Vasiliev, Ilya 203-5,207,210-11,217 Vasilieva, Olga 4, 26-7,40, 54, 59, 64-5, 80-1,98,135-7,148,157,170, 198,251,258 Vatican 75 VDNKh exhibition grounds 65 Vedomosti 225 Venezuela 213 veterans of war 24, 30, 37, 58,80, 94, 98-9,
105,107-9,116,123,125, 130,134,151, 162, 173, 183, 185, 193,199, 206,234, 236-7, 239, 256 Viatrovich, Volodymyr 45 Victory Day. See May 9 celebration Victory Museum. See Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War Victory organizing committee 24, 90-1, 93-8,103-4,107-8,182,192 Victory Volunteers 84, 93, 98,126 Vienna 108 vigilantes 134,142-3,148, 249, 256. See also pro-Kremlin organizations Viking movie (2016) 69 VIO. See Free Historical Society Vishnevskii, Boris 93,254 Vladimir 86-7,152,158,171 Vladimir, Prince 69, 86,164,169-70, 175,180,183 Vladimir I. See Vladimir, Prince Vladivostok 112,138,155 Vlasov, Alexei 15-16 Vlasov, Andrei 15, 36, 203, 243. See also Russian Liberation Army Vnukovo airport 170 Volchek, Dmitry 23 Volga River 137,165 Volgograd 30, 73, 78, 92,101,112, 134, 138-9,154,156, 159,165, 176, 234 Volhynia 216 Volkov, Alexei 234 Volodin, Viacheslav 33, 261 Voi ogodsk region 181 Volokolamsk, Battle of (1941) 51
Index Vorkuta 29 Voronezh 57 VTB bank 112,127 VTsIOM pollster 10,43. See abo opinion polls Vučić, Aleksandar 206 Vyshinskii, Andrei 50 Vyshnii Volochek 179 Waffen SS, German 9,186,190-2,194, 199,215,220-1,237,261 Wagner mercenaries 105,129. See also Prigozhin, Yevgeny Wallenberg, Raoul 187 The Wall historical novel (2012) 48-9, 254. See also Medinskii, Vladimir “The Wall” music album (1979) 49 Wall of Grief monument (2017) 71, 114-15,118, 231 war crimes 190-1,194 Warsaw 44,208 Warsaw ghetto uprising ( 1943) 204. See also the Holocaust war veterans. See veterans of war Washington, DC 21, 40,102, 108, 208 Web of Science 31. See also Scopus Wehrmacht 100,129,138, 236. See also Nazi Germany; Waffen SS, German welfare state 88 Western sanctions 27, 53, 85,100,145, 178, 239 West Europe 9, 16,189, 259 West Germany 73 White, Robert 191 White Sea Canal 225 Wikipedia 68 World Congress of Russian Jews 188, 193-4 World Holocaust Forum, fifth (2020) 222 The World of Tanks videogame 101 World War I. See First World War World War II. See Second World War World without Nazism 4,45, 79,188-9, 193-5, 201,214, 217-8. See abo Shpigel, Boris World Youth and Student Festival 325 96 xenophobia 185,191-2 Xi Jinping 33, 97 Yabloko Party 117 Yad Vashem Museum 186-7,195, 203-4,211,214,216,220 Yakovenko, Alexander 193 Yakunin, Vladimir 174,182 Yakutia. See Sakha Republic Yakutsk 66 Yalta 6,74,158-61,168 Yalta Conference (1945) 56, 90,158-61, 183, 222, 259 Yamburg, Yevgeny 15 Yanukovich, Victor 188 Yaroslav, Prince 85 Yaroslavl 181 Yarovaia, Irina 75, 232 Year of Memory and Glory (2020) 97 Year of
Russian History (2012) 12-13, 39, 55 Yeltsin, Boris 2, 8, 21, 65,144,164 Yeltsin Center 156,240,242 Yemen 37 Yom Hashoah 208, 212 Yom Kippur 197 Yoshkar-Ola 6, 21,116, 229-31, 248, 257 Youth Army children's organization 5, 99,127-31, 137, 148 Yugoslavia 52,56 Yuri Gagarin Memorial Museum 62. See also Gagarin, Yuri Zadornov, Mikhail 2 Zakharchenko, Alexander 156 Zakhariev, German 197 Zakharova, Maria 40,200,205-6,215 Zaldostanov “The Surgeon,” Alexander 5,73-9, 81, 129-30, 132, 138,160,169-71, 176-7, 251 Zaliuzhnyi, Alexander 16 “Zarnitsa” paramilitary game, Soviet 127 Zemtsov, Nikolai 103, 108,171 Zenit football club 177
326 Index Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 75,170 Zhivaia istoriia journal 61 Zhukov, Andrei 23, 35 Zhuravsky, Alexander 15 Zhurnal rossiiskikh і vostochnoevropeiskikh istoricheskikh issledovanii 61 Ziuganov, Gennady 164 Zmiiovsk Gorge monument (1975, 2011) 189. See also the Holocaust Zubov, Andrei 35-6,46,58,168,225,243 Zurich 108 Zuroff, Efraim 189 Zvezda TV channel 208,227 Zygar, Mikhail 181 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
This book provides a bold examination of the political use of history in contemporary Russia. Anton Weiss-Wendt argues that history is yet another discipline misappropriated by the Kremlin for the purpose of rallying the population. He explains how, since the pro-democracy protests in 2011-12, the Russian government has hamstrung independent research and aligned state institutions in the promotion of militant patriotism. The entire state machinery has been mobilized to construe a single, glorious historical narrative with the focus on Soviet victory over Nazi Germany, Putin's Russia and the Falsification of History examines the intricate networks in Russia that engage in "historymaking”. Whether it is the Holocaust or Soviet mass terror, Tsars or Stalin, the regime promotes a syncretic interpretation of Russian history that supports the notion of a strong state and authoritarian rule. That interpretation finds its way into new monuments, exhibitions, and quasi-professional associations. In addition to administrative measures of control, the Russian state has been using the penal code to censor critical perspectives on history, typically advanced by individuals who also happen to call for a political change in Russia, This powerful book shows how history is increasingly becoming an element of political technology in Russia, with the systematic destruction of independent institutions setting the very future of History as an academic discipline in Russia in doubt. |
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| discipline_str_mv | Politologie Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 2011-2020 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 2011-2020 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV046956702 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:42:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:58:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350130531 9781350203150 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032365130 |
| oclc_num | 1224489626 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 DE-12 DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-11 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 DE-12 DE-384 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-11 DE-739 |
| physical | 326 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210107 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Weiss-Wendt, Anton 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)120805650 aut Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past Anton Weiss-Wendt London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2021 326 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 2011-2020 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtsfälschung (DE-588)4020527-7 gnd rswk-swf Geschichtspolitik (DE-588)1041864515 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich / 1952- / Influence Propaganda / Russia (Federation) Disinformation / Russia (Federation) Political culture / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Politics and government / 1991- Russia / Historiography Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Geschichtspolitik (DE-588)1041864515 s Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 s Geschichtsfälschung (DE-588)4020527-7 s Geschichte 2011-2020 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-3501-3055-5 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-3501-3054-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000011&line_number=0006&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000013&line_number=0007&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000015&line_number=0008&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000017&line_number=0009&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032365130&sequence=000019&line_number=0010&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Weiss-Wendt, Anton 1973- Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Geschichtsfälschung (DE-588)4020527-7 gnd Geschichtspolitik (DE-588)1041864515 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)122188926 (DE-588)4020531-9 (DE-588)4020527-7 (DE-588)1041864515 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past |
| title_auth | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past |
| title_exact_search | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past |
| title_full | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past Anton Weiss-Wendt |
| title_fullStr | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past Anton Weiss-Wendt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past Anton Weiss-Wendt |
| title_short | Putin's Russia and the falsification of history |
| title_sort | putin s russia and the falsification of history reasserting control over the past |
| title_sub | reasserting control over the past |
| topic | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Geschichtsschreibung (DE-588)4020531-9 gnd Geschichtsfälschung (DE-588)4020527-7 gnd Geschichtspolitik (DE-588)1041864515 gnd |
| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Geschichtsschreibung Geschichtsfälschung Geschichtspolitik Russland |
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