Verfügbarkeit: Corpus linguistics

Corpus linguistics: a guide to the methodology

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Stefanowitsch, Anatol 1970- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin, Germany Language Science Press [2020]
Schriftenreihe:	Textbooks in language sciences 7
Schlagworte:	Sprachforschung Linguistik Sprachwissenschaft Corpus linguistics methodology corpus data
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	viii, 490 Seiten
ISBN:	9783961102259 9783961102266

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MARC


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adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX 1 THE NEED FOR CORPUS DATA 1 1.1 ARGUMENTS AGAINST CORPUS DATA ................................................... 2 1.1.1 CORPUS DATA AS USAGE DATA .............................................. 3 1.1.2 THE INCOMPLETENESS OF CORPORA ..................................... 5 1.1.3 THE ABSENCE OF MEANING IN CORPORA ................................ 7 1.2 INTUITION ..................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 INTUITION AS PERFORMANCE ................................................ 11 1.2.2 THE INCOMPLETENESS OF INTUITION ..................................... 11 1.2.3 INTUITIONS ABOUT FORM AND MEANING ............................... 13 1.3 INTUITION DATA VS. CORPUS DATA ...................................................... 15 1.4 CORPUS DATA IN OTHER SUB-DISCIPLINES OF LINGUISTICS .................... 17 2 WHAT IS CORPUS LINGUISTICS? 21 2.1 THE LINGUISTIC CORPUS ................................................................. 22 2.1.1 AUTHENTICITY .................................................................... 23 2.1.2 REPRESENTATIVENESS ......................................................... 28 2.1.3 SIZE .................................................................................. 37 2.1.4 ANNOTATIONS .................................................................... 38 2.2 TOWARDS A DEFINITION OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS .................................. 46 2.3 CORPUS LINGUISTICS AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD .................................. 56 3 CORPUS LINGUISTICS AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD 61 3.1 THE SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS ............................................................ 61 3.1.1 STATING HYPOTHESES ......................................................... 62 3.1.2 TESTING HYPOTHESES: FROM COUNTEREXAMPLES TO PROBABILITIES 68 3.2 OPERATIONALIZATION ....................................................................... 77 3.2.1 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS ................................................... 77 3.2.2 EXAMPLES OF OPERATIONALIZATION IN CORPUS LINGUISTICS . . 81 3.2.2.1 PARTS OF SPEECH ................................................ 84 CONTENTS 3.2.2.2 LENGTH ............................................................ 90 3.2.2.3 DISCOURSE STATUS .............................................. 93 3.2.2.4 WORD SENSES .................................................... 96 3.2.2.5 ANIMACY .......................................................... 98 3.2.2.6 INTERIM SUMMARY ........................................... 100 3.3 HYPOTHESES IN CONTEXT: THE RESEARCH CYCLE ................................. 100 4 DATA RETRIEVAL AND ANNOTATION 105 4.1 RETRIEVAL ...................................................................................... 106 4.1.1 CORPUS QUERIES ............................................................... 106 4.1.2 PRECISION AND RECALL ......................................................... ILL 4.1.3 MANUAL, SEMI-MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC SEARCHES .............. 116 4.2 ANNOTATING ................................................................................... 120 4.2.1 ANNOTATING AS INTERPRETATION ........................................... 121 4.2.2 ANNOTATION SCHEMES ...................................................... 122 4.2.3 THE RELIABILITY OF ANNOTATION SCHEMES ............................. 127 4.2.4 REPRODUCIBILITY ............................................................... 133 4.2.5 DATA STORAGE ..................................................................... 136 5 QUANTIFYING RESEARCH QUESTIONS 141 5.1 TYPES OF DATA ................................................................................ 141 5.1.1 NOMINAL DATA .................................................................. 143 5.1.2 ORDINAL DATA ..................................................................... 145 5.1.3 CARDINAL DATA .................................................................. 146 5.1.4 INTERIM SUMMARY ............................................................ 148 5.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR NOMINAL DATA ........................................ 148 5.2.1 PERCENTAGES ..................................................................... 151 5.2.2 OBSERVED AND EXPECTED FREQUENCIES ................................ 154 5.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR ORDINAL DATA ........................................ 157 5.3.1 MEDIANS .......................................................................... 161 5.3.2 FREQUENCY LISTS AND MODE .............................................. 162 5.4 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR CARDINAL DATA ........................................ 163 5.4.1 MEANS .............................................................................. 164 5.5 SUMMARY ...................................................................................... 166 6 SIGNIFICANCE TESTING 167 6.1 STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING ...................................................... 167 6.2 PROBABILITIES AND SIGNIFICANCE TESTING ........................................ 170 II CONTENTS 6.3 NOMINAL DATA: THE CHI-SQUARE TEST .............................................. 177 6.3.1 TWO-BY-TWO DESIGNS ...................................................... 177 6.3.2 ONE-BY-N DESIGNS ............................................................ 184 6.4 ORDINAL DATA: THE MANN-WHITNEY 17-TEST .................................. 187 6.5 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS FOR CARDINAL DATA ........................................ 191 6.5.1 WELCH * S T- TEST .................................................................. 192 6.5.2 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT .................................. 196 6.6 COMPLEX RESEARCH DESIGNS ......................................................... 199 6.6.1 VARIABLES WITH MORE THAN TWO VALUES ............................. 199 6.6.2 DESIGNS WITH MORE THAN TWO VARIABLES .......................... 203 6.6.2.1 A DANGER OF BIVARIATE DESIGNS ....................... 205 6.6.2.2 CONFIGURAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ....................... 208 7 COLLOCATION 215 7.1 COLLOCATES ................................................................................... 215 7.1.1 COLLOCATION AS A QUANTITATIVE PHENOMENON .................... 217 7.1.2 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN COLLOCATION RESEARCH ............... 221 7.1.3 EFFECT SIZES FOR COLLOCATIONS ........................................... 224 7.1.3.1 CHI-SQUARE ...................................................... 225 7.1.3.2 MUTUAL INFORMATION ........................................ 226 7.1.3.3 THE LOG-LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST .......................... 227 7.1.3.4 MINIMUM SENSITIVITY ..................................... 228 7.1.3.5 FISHER * S EXACT TEST ........................................... 228 7.1.3.6 A COMPARISON OF ASSOCIATION MEASURES .... 229 7.2 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................ 233 7.2.1 COLLOCATION FOR ITS OWN SAKE ........................................... 233 7.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: DEGREE ADVERBS .......................... 234 7.2.2 LEXICAL RELATIONS ............................................................ 235 7.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: NEAR SYNONYMS .......................... 235 7.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: ANTONYMY .................................. 240 7.2.3 SEMANTIC PROSODY ............................................................ 244 7.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: TRUE FEELINGS ................................ 245 7.2.3.2 CASE STUDY: THE VERB CAUSE ............................. 249 7.2.4 CULTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................................ 254 7.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: SMALL BOYS, LITTLE GIRLS ................. 255 8 GRAMMAR 261 8.1 GRAMMAR IN CORPORA .................................................................... 261 III CONTENTS 8.2 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................ 263 8.2.1 COLLOCATIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND GRAMMAR PATTERNS .... 263 8.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: [A OF] ..................................... 264 8.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: [THERE V I; N Y SOMETHING ADJ ABOUT NP] .................................................................. 268 8.2.2 COLLOSTRUCTIONAL ANALYSIS ................................................. 270 8.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: THE DITRANSITIVE .......................... 270 8.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: DITRANSITIVE AND PREPOSITIONAL DATIVE 272 5.2.2.3 CASE STUDY: NEGATIVE EVIDENCE ........................ 272 8.2.3 WORDS AND THEIR GRAMMATICAL PROPERTIES ....................... 276 8.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: COMPLEMENTATION OF BEGIN AND START 276 8.2.4 GRAMMAR AND CONTEXT .................................................... 282 8.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: ADJECTIVE ORDER AND FREQUENCY . . 283 5.2.4.2 CASE STUDY: BINOMIALS AND SONORITY .............. 286 5.2.4.3 CASE STUDY: HORROR AEQUI ................................ 289 5.2.4.4 CASE STUDY: SYNTHETIC AND ANALYTIC COMPARA TIVES AND PERSISTENCE ..................... 292 8.2.5 VARIATION AND CHANGE ....................................................... 295 8.2.5.1 CASE STUDY: SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE USE OF TAG QUESTIONS ......................................................... 295 8.2.5.2 CASE STUDY: LANGUAGE CHANGE ....................... 298 5.2.5.3 CASE STUDY: GRAMMATICALIZATION .................... 300 8.2.6 GRAMMAR AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS ..................................... 303 8.2.6.1 CASE STUDY: HE SAID, SHE SAID .......................... 303 8.2.7 GRAMMAR AND COUNTEREXAMPLES ..................................... 305 8.2.7.1 CASE STUDY: TO- VS. T/ZAT-COMPLEMENTS ........... 305 9 MORPHOLOGY 309 9.1 QUANTIFYING MORPHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ..................................... 310 9.1.1 COUNTING MORPHEMES: TYPES, TOKENS AND HAPAX LEGOMENA 310 9.1.1.1 TOKEN FREQUENCY .............................................. 312 9.1.1.2 TYPE FREQUENCY .............................................. 315 9.1.1.3 HAPAX LEGOMENA .............................................. 316 9.1.2 STATISTICAL EVALUATION ....................................................... 318 9.2 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................ 325 9.2.1 MORPHEMES AND STEMS ................................................... 325 9.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: PHONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON -IFY . 326 9.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN -IC AND -ICAL ......................................................... 330 IV CONTENTS 9.2.1.3 CASE STUDY: PHONOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN - IC AND -ICAL ................................................... 338 9.2.1.4 CASE STUDY: AFFIX COMBINATIONS .................... 340 9.2.2 MORPHEMES AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ....................... 343 9.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: PRODUCTIVITY AND GENRE ...... 343 9.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: PRODUCTIVITY AND SPEAKER SEX . . . 348 10 TEXT 353 10.1 KEYWORD ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 353 10.2 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................ 358 10.2.1 LANGUAGE VARIETY ............................................................ 358 10.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: KEYWORDS IN SCIENTIFIC WRITING . . 358 10.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: [A + + OF] IN SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH . 359 10.2.2 COMPARING SPEECH COMMUNITIES .................................. 361 10.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: BRITISH VS. AMERICAN CULTURE . . . 367 10.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: AFRICAN KEYWORDS .................... 370 10.2.3 CO-OCCURRENCE OF LEXICAL ITEMS AND DEMOGRAPHIC CATEGORIES 372 10.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: A DEDUCTIVE APPROACH TO SEX DIF FERENCES ......................................... 372 10.2.3.2 CASE STUDY: AN INDUCTIVE APPROACH TO SEX DIF FERENCES ......................................... 378 10.2.4 IDEOLOGY .......................................................................... 380 10.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES ....................... 380 10.2.4.2 CASE STUDY: THE IMPORTANCE OF MEN AND WOMEN 384 10.2.5 TIME PERIODS ................................................................. 387 10.2.5.1 CASE STUDY: VERBS IN THE GOING-TO FUTURE .... 387 10.2.5.2 CASE STUDY: CULTURE ACROSS TIME .................... 392 11 METAPHOR 397 11.1 STUDYING METAPHOR IN CORPORA ................................................... 397 11.2 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................ 398 11.2.1 SOURCE DOMAINS ............................................................. 398 11.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: LEXICAL RELATIONS AND METAPHORICAL MAPPING ......................................................... 399 11.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: WORD FORMS IN METAPHORICAL MAP PINGS .............................................. 402 11.2.1.3 CASE STUDY: THE IMPACT OF METAPHORICAL EX PRESSIONS ......................................... 406 V CONTENTS 11.2.2 TARGET DOMAINS ............................................................... 410 11.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: HAPPINESS ACROSS CULTURES ........... 412 11.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: INTENSITY OF EMOTIONS ................. 417 11.2.3 METAPHOR AND TEXT ......................................................... 422 11.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL SOURCE DOMAINS 422 11.2.3.2 CASE STUDY: METAPHORICITY SIGNALS ................. 425 11.2.3.3 CASE STUDY: METAPHOR AND IDEOLOGY .............. 431 11.2.4 METONYMY ........................................................................ 434 11.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: SUBJECTS OF THE VERB BOMB ........... 434 12 EPILOGUE 437 13 STUDY NOTES 441 14 STATISTICAL TABLES 447 14.1 CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE CHI-SQUARE TEST .......................................... 447 14.2 CHI-SQUARE TABLE FOR MULTIPLE TESTS WITH ONE DEGREE OF FREEDOM . 448 14.3 CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE MANN-WHITNEY-TEXT ................................ 449 14.4 CRITICAL VALUES FOR WELCH * S T-TEST .................................................. 451 REFERENCES 453 INDEX 477 NAME INDEX ............................................................................................ 477 SUBJECT INDEX ......................................................................................... 481 VI
adam_txt	CONTENTS PREFACE VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX 1 THE NEED FOR CORPUS DATA 1 1.1 ARGUMENTS AGAINST CORPUS DATA . 2 1.1.1 CORPUS DATA AS USAGE DATA . 3 1.1.2 THE INCOMPLETENESS OF CORPORA . 5 1.1.3 THE ABSENCE OF MEANING IN CORPORA . 7 1.2 INTUITION . 8 1.2.1 INTUITION AS PERFORMANCE . 11 1.2.2 THE INCOMPLETENESS OF INTUITION . 11 1.2.3 INTUITIONS ABOUT FORM AND MEANING . 13 1.3 INTUITION DATA VS. CORPUS DATA . 15 1.4 CORPUS DATA IN OTHER SUB-DISCIPLINES OF LINGUISTICS . 17 2 WHAT IS CORPUS LINGUISTICS? 21 2.1 THE LINGUISTIC CORPUS . 22 2.1.1 AUTHENTICITY . 23 2.1.2 REPRESENTATIVENESS . 28 2.1.3 SIZE . 37 2.1.4 ANNOTATIONS . 38 2.2 TOWARDS A DEFINITION OF CORPUS LINGUISTICS . 46 2.3 CORPUS LINGUISTICS AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD . 56 3 CORPUS LINGUISTICS AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD 61 3.1 THE SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS . 61 3.1.1 STATING HYPOTHESES . 62 3.1.2 TESTING HYPOTHESES: FROM COUNTEREXAMPLES TO PROBABILITIES 68 3.2 OPERATIONALIZATION . 77 3.2.1 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS . 77 3.2.2 EXAMPLES OF OPERATIONALIZATION IN CORPUS LINGUISTICS . . 81 3.2.2.1 PARTS OF SPEECH . 84 CONTENTS 3.2.2.2 LENGTH . 90 3.2.2.3 DISCOURSE STATUS . 93 3.2.2.4 WORD SENSES . 96 3.2.2.5 ANIMACY . 98 3.2.2.6 INTERIM SUMMARY . 100 3.3 HYPOTHESES IN CONTEXT: THE RESEARCH CYCLE . 100 4 DATA RETRIEVAL AND ANNOTATION 105 4.1 RETRIEVAL . 106 4.1.1 CORPUS QUERIES . 106 4.1.2 PRECISION AND RECALL . ILL 4.1.3 MANUAL, SEMI-MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC SEARCHES . 116 4.2 ANNOTATING . 120 4.2.1 ANNOTATING AS INTERPRETATION . 121 4.2.2 ANNOTATION SCHEMES . 122 4.2.3 THE RELIABILITY OF ANNOTATION SCHEMES . 127 4.2.4 REPRODUCIBILITY . 133 4.2.5 DATA STORAGE . 136 5 QUANTIFYING RESEARCH QUESTIONS 141 5.1 TYPES OF DATA . 141 5.1.1 NOMINAL DATA . 143 5.1.2 ORDINAL DATA . 145 5.1.3 CARDINAL DATA . 146 5.1.4 INTERIM SUMMARY . 148 5.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR NOMINAL DATA . 148 5.2.1 PERCENTAGES . 151 5.2.2 OBSERVED AND EXPECTED FREQUENCIES . 154 5.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR ORDINAL DATA . 157 5.3.1 MEDIANS . 161 5.3.2 FREQUENCY LISTS AND MODE . 162 5.4 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR CARDINAL DATA . 163 5.4.1 MEANS . 164 5.5 SUMMARY . 166 6 SIGNIFICANCE TESTING 167 6.1 STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING . 167 6.2 PROBABILITIES AND SIGNIFICANCE TESTING . 170 II CONTENTS 6.3 NOMINAL DATA: THE CHI-SQUARE TEST . 177 6.3.1 TWO-BY-TWO DESIGNS . 177 6.3.2 ONE-BY-N DESIGNS . 184 6.4 ORDINAL DATA: THE MANN-WHITNEY 17-TEST . 187 6.5 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS FOR CARDINAL DATA . 191 6.5.1 WELCH * S T- TEST . 192 6.5.2 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT . 196 6.6 COMPLEX RESEARCH DESIGNS . 199 6.6.1 VARIABLES WITH MORE THAN TWO VALUES . 199 6.6.2 DESIGNS WITH MORE THAN TWO VARIABLES . 203 6.6.2.1 A DANGER OF BIVARIATE DESIGNS . 205 6.6.2.2 CONFIGURAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS . 208 7 COLLOCATION 215 7.1 COLLOCATES . 215 7.1.1 COLLOCATION AS A QUANTITATIVE PHENOMENON . 217 7.1.2 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN COLLOCATION RESEARCH . 221 7.1.3 EFFECT SIZES FOR COLLOCATIONS . 224 7.1.3.1 CHI-SQUARE . 225 7.1.3.2 MUTUAL INFORMATION . 226 7.1.3.3 THE LOG-LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST . 227 7.1.3.4 MINIMUM SENSITIVITY . 228 7.1.3.5 FISHER * S EXACT TEST . 228 7.1.3.6 A COMPARISON OF ASSOCIATION MEASURES . 229 7.2 CASE STUDIES . 233 7.2.1 COLLOCATION FOR ITS OWN SAKE . 233 7.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: DEGREE ADVERBS . 234 7.2.2 LEXICAL RELATIONS . 235 7.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: NEAR SYNONYMS . 235 7.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: ANTONYMY . 240 7.2.3 SEMANTIC PROSODY . 244 7.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: TRUE FEELINGS . 245 7.2.3.2 CASE STUDY: THE VERB CAUSE . 249 7.2.4 CULTURAL ANALYSIS . 254 7.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: SMALL BOYS, LITTLE GIRLS . 255 8 GRAMMAR 261 8.1 GRAMMAR IN CORPORA . 261 III CONTENTS 8.2 CASE STUDIES . 263 8.2.1 COLLOCATIONAL FRAMEWORKS AND GRAMMAR PATTERNS . 263 8.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: [A OF] . 264 8.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: [THERE V I; N Y SOMETHING ADJ ABOUT NP] . 268 8.2.2 COLLOSTRUCTIONAL ANALYSIS . 270 8.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: THE DITRANSITIVE . 270 8.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: DITRANSITIVE AND PREPOSITIONAL DATIVE 272 5.2.2.3 CASE STUDY: NEGATIVE EVIDENCE . 272 8.2.3 WORDS AND THEIR GRAMMATICAL PROPERTIES . 276 8.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: COMPLEMENTATION OF BEGIN AND START 276 8.2.4 GRAMMAR AND CONTEXT . 282 8.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: ADJECTIVE ORDER AND FREQUENCY . . 283 5.2.4.2 CASE STUDY: BINOMIALS AND SONORITY . 286 5.2.4.3 CASE STUDY: HORROR AEQUI . 289 5.2.4.4 CASE STUDY: SYNTHETIC AND ANALYTIC COMPARA TIVES AND PERSISTENCE . 292 8.2.5 VARIATION AND CHANGE . 295 8.2.5.1 CASE STUDY: SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE USE OF TAG QUESTIONS . 295 8.2.5.2 CASE STUDY: LANGUAGE CHANGE . 298 5.2.5.3 CASE STUDY: GRAMMATICALIZATION . 300 8.2.6 GRAMMAR AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS . 303 8.2.6.1 CASE STUDY: HE SAID, SHE SAID . 303 8.2.7 GRAMMAR AND COUNTEREXAMPLES . 305 8.2.7.1 CASE STUDY: TO- VS. T/ZAT-COMPLEMENTS . 305 9 MORPHOLOGY 309 9.1 QUANTIFYING MORPHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA . 310 9.1.1 COUNTING MORPHEMES: TYPES, TOKENS AND HAPAX LEGOMENA 310 9.1.1.1 TOKEN FREQUENCY . 312 9.1.1.2 TYPE FREQUENCY . 315 9.1.1.3 HAPAX LEGOMENA . 316 9.1.2 STATISTICAL EVALUATION . 318 9.2 CASE STUDIES . 325 9.2.1 MORPHEMES AND STEMS . 325 9.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: PHONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON -IFY . 326 9.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN -IC AND -ICAL . 330 IV CONTENTS 9.2.1.3 CASE STUDY: PHONOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN - IC AND -ICAL . 338 9.2.1.4 CASE STUDY: AFFIX COMBINATIONS . 340 9.2.2 MORPHEMES AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES . 343 9.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: PRODUCTIVITY AND GENRE . 343 9.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: PRODUCTIVITY AND SPEAKER SEX . . . 348 10 TEXT 353 10.1 KEYWORD ANALYSIS . 353 10.2 CASE STUDIES . 358 10.2.1 LANGUAGE VARIETY . 358 10.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: KEYWORDS IN SCIENTIFIC WRITING . . 358 10.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: [A + + OF] IN SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH . 359 10.2.2 COMPARING SPEECH COMMUNITIES . 361 10.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: BRITISH VS. AMERICAN CULTURE . . . 367 10.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: "AFRICAN" KEYWORDS . 370 10.2.3 CO-OCCURRENCE OF LEXICAL ITEMS AND DEMOGRAPHIC CATEGORIES 372 10.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: A DEDUCTIVE APPROACH TO SEX DIF FERENCES . 372 10.2.3.2 CASE STUDY: AN INDUCTIVE APPROACH TO SEX DIF FERENCES . 378 10.2.4 IDEOLOGY . 380 10.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES . 380 10.2.4.2 CASE STUDY: THE IMPORTANCE OF MEN AND WOMEN 384 10.2.5 TIME PERIODS . 387 10.2.5.1 CASE STUDY: VERBS IN THE GOING-TO FUTURE . 387 10.2.5.2 CASE STUDY: CULTURE ACROSS TIME . 392 11 METAPHOR 397 11.1 STUDYING METAPHOR IN CORPORA . 397 11.2 CASE STUDIES . 398 11.2.1 SOURCE DOMAINS . 398 11.2.1.1 CASE STUDY: LEXICAL RELATIONS AND METAPHORICAL MAPPING . 399 11.2.1.2 CASE STUDY: WORD FORMS IN METAPHORICAL MAP PINGS . 402 11.2.1.3 CASE STUDY: THE IMPACT OF METAPHORICAL EX PRESSIONS . 406 V CONTENTS 11.2.2 TARGET DOMAINS . 410 11.2.2.1 CASE STUDY: HAPPINESS ACROSS CULTURES . 412 11.2.2.2 CASE STUDY: INTENSITY OF EMOTIONS . 417 11.2.3 METAPHOR AND TEXT . 422 11.2.3.1 CASE STUDY: IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL SOURCE DOMAINS 422 11.2.3.2 CASE STUDY: METAPHORICITY SIGNALS . 425 11.2.3.3 CASE STUDY: METAPHOR AND IDEOLOGY . 431 11.2.4 METONYMY . 434 11.2.4.1 CASE STUDY: SUBJECTS OF THE VERB BOMB . 434 12 EPILOGUE 437 13 STUDY NOTES 441 14 STATISTICAL TABLES 447 14.1 CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE CHI-SQUARE TEST . 447 14.2 CHI-SQUARE TABLE FOR MULTIPLE TESTS WITH ONE DEGREE OF FREEDOM . 448 14.3 CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE MANN-WHITNEY-TEXT . 449 14.4 CRITICAL VALUES FOR WELCH * S T-TEST . 451 REFERENCES 453 INDEX 477 NAME INDEX . 477 SUBJECT INDEX . 481 VI
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id	DE-604.BV046940220
illustrated	Not Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T15:37:49Z
indexdate	2024-07-10T08:58:04Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)5032221-7
isbn	9783961102259 9783961102266
language	English
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physical	viii, 490 Seiten
publishDate	2020
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publisher	Language Science Press
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series	Textbooks in language sciences
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spelling	Stefanowitsch, Anatol 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)131550373 aut Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology Anatol Stefanowitsch Berlin, Germany Language Science Press [2020] viii, 490 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Textbooks in language sciences 7 Sprachforschung Linguistik Sprachwissenschaft Corpus linguistics methodology corpus data Freie Universität Berlin Universitätsbibliothek (DE-588)5032221-7 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Stefanowitsch, Anatol Corpus linguistics 978-3-96110-224-2 (DE-604)BV046697604 Textbooks in language sciences 7 (DE-604)BV042895087 7 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032348959&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Stefanowitsch, Anatol 1970- Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology Textbooks in language sciences
title	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology
title_auth	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology
title_exact_search	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology
title_exact_search_txtP	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology
title_full	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology Anatol Stefanowitsch
title_fullStr	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology Anatol Stefanowitsch
title_full_unstemmed	Corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology Anatol Stefanowitsch
title_short	Corpus linguistics
title_sort	corpus linguistics a guide to the methodology
title_sub	a guide to the methodology
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032348959&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV042895087
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefanowitschanatol corpuslinguisticsaguidetothemethodology AT freieuniversitatberlinuniversitatsbibliothek corpuslinguisticsaguidetothemethodology

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MARC

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