The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh:
"Northwest Syria during the Neolithic period has been less well studied than the rest of the northern Levant, where Neolithisation first took place in the Near East. The Neolithic Lithic Industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh presents the first attempt to unveil the Neolithisation process in northwest S...
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4 Excavation reports of Tell el-Kerkh, Northwestern Syria 1 |
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Northwest Syria during the Neolithic period has been less well studied than the rest of the northern Levant, where Neolithisation first took place in the Near East. The Neolithic Lithic Industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh presents the first attempt to unveil the Neolithisation process in northwest Syria, with the techno-typological studies of the flintstone implements from Tell Ain el-Kerkh in the Rouj basin in Idlib, which was an important large Neolithic site occupied from the from the 9th to the 7th millennium BC. Examination of the lithic record from Tell Ain el-Kerkh revealed techno-morphological changes in flint tools during the long Neolithic sequence from the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) to the end of the Pottery Neolithic. The author interprets such changes in stone tools in the socio-economic context of the Neolithic. Through the comparison between the data obtained from Tell Ain el-Kerkh and other Neolithic sites in the northern Levant, the regional characteristics of northwest Syria during the Neolithic period are highlighted. In the end, two important issues in the Neolithic Levant, diffusion of the PPNB culture and the PPNB collapse, are discussed based on the results of this study. This volume includes substantial original data, drawings, and analysis of lithics from Neolithic sites in Syria, which will be useful for future discussion of the changes in material culture in relation with the Neolithisation process in the Near East."-- |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 370 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne |
| ISBN: | 9781789694567 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "Northwest Syria during the Neolithic period has been less well studied than the rest of the northern Levant, where Neolithisation first took place in the Near East. The Neolithic Lithic Industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh presents the first attempt to unveil the Neolithisation process in northwest Syria, with the techno-typological studies of the flintstone implements from Tell Ain el-Kerkh in the Rouj basin in Idlib, which was an important large Neolithic site occupied from the from the 9th to the 7th millennium BC. Examination of the lithic record from Tell Ain el-Kerkh revealed techno-morphological changes in flint tools during the long Neolithic sequence from the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) to the end of the Pottery Neolithic. The author interprets such changes in stone tools in the socio-economic context of the Neolithic. Through the comparison between the data obtained from Tell Ain el-Kerkh and other Neolithic sites in the northern Levant, the regional characteristics of northwest Syria during the Neolithic period are highlighted. In the end, two important issues in the Neolithic Levant, diffusion of the PPNB culture and the PPNB collapse, are discussed based on the results of this study. This volume includes substantial original data, drawings, and analysis of lithics from Neolithic sites in Syria, which will be useful for future discussion of the changes in material culture in relation with the Neolithisation process in the Near East."-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of Figures, Tables and Plates. Acknowledgements....................... 1 Introduction..................................... 1. The research subject................. 2. Organisation of the research... 3. Illustrations............................. . 1 1 1 Chapter I The research framework............................................................ 1. Néolithisation of the northern Levant................................. 1.1. Geographical situation................................................. 1.2. Chronological framework........................................... 1.2.1. Early PPNB........................................................... 1.2.2. Middle PPNB........................................................ 1.2.3. Late PPNB............................................................. 1.2.4. Pottery Neolithic................................................. 2. Néolithisation of north-western Syria................................. 2.1. State of research.......................................................... 2.2. Archaeological research in the Rouj basin.................. 2.2.1. The Rouj basin: geomorphology......................... 2.2.2. Archaeological research in the years 1990-1992. 2.3. Excavations at Tell Ain el-Kerkh and the present state of research... 2.3.1. New excavations at Tell Ain el-Kerkh (1997-2002)..., 2.3.2. Revision of the Rouj chronology............................... 2.3.3. Re-examination of the Neolithic sites in the Rouj basin . ...2 ....2 ,.2 .7 „..9 „11 „11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 „14 „19 „19 „24 .25 Chapter II Methodology. 1. The
subject of analysis. 2. Methodological framework: Reconstitution of the operational sequence in lithic production......... 2.1. Acquisition of raw material. 2.1.1. Sources in primary positions . 2.1.2. Sources in secondary positions..., 2.2. Knapping technology. 2.2.1. Method.............. 2.2.2. Technique. 2.3. Shaping of the tools. 3. Analytical method............... 3.1. Raw material selection. 3.2. Technological analysis. 3.3. Typological analysis. 3.3.1. Debitage.......... 3.3.2. Tools................ „27 .27 .27 .27 „27 .27 „29 .29 „31 .32 „32 „32 „34 „35 „35 „41 Chapter III The lithic industries of the Pre-Pottery and the Pottery Neolithic at Tell Ain el-Kerkh.................................45 1. The collections....................................................................................................................................................45 2. Raw material for the lithic industry at Tell Ain el-Kerkh and geological surveys for flint research............... 45 2.1. Flint types of Tell Ain el-Kerkh..................................................................................................................45 2.2. Geological surveys...................................................................................................................................... 45 і
3. The lithic industry of the Rouj la period............................................................................................................ 50 3.1. Raw material...............................................................................................................................................50 3.2. Debitage...................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.2.1. Cores.....................................................................................................................................................51 3.2.2. Debitage products............................................................................................................................... 53 3.3. Tools........................................................................................................................................................... 55 3.3.1. Points................................................................................................................................................... 55 3.3.2. Glossed blades......................................................................................................................................57 3.3.3. Burins.................................................................................................................................................. 57 3.3.4. End-
scrapers....................................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.5. Piercing tools...................................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.6. Sharpened blades................................................................................................................................58 3.3.7. Notches............ 58 3.3.8. Truncations......................................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.9. Composite tools..................................................................................... 58 3.3.10. Retouched blades..............................................................................................................................59 3.3.11. Other tools.........................................................................................................................................59 3.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of the Rouj la period...................................................................... 59 3.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of blanks ................................................. 59 3.4.2. Shaping of tools.................................................................................................................................. 62 3.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in the Rouj la period (Figure
3.15)...........................65 4. Lithic industry of layer 6.................................................................................................................................... 66 4.1. Raw material............................................................................................................................................... 66 4.2. Debitage.......................................................................................................................................................67 4.2.1. Cores....................................................................................................................................................67 4.2.2. Debitage products...............................................................................................................................67 4.3. Tools............................................................................................................................................................ 70 4.3.1. Points................................................................................................................................................... 70 4.3.2. Glossed blades.................................................................................................................................... 71 4.3.3. Shape-defined sickle elements........................................................................................................... 72 4.3.4.
Burins.................................................................................................................................................. 72 4.3.5. End-scrapers.......................................................................................................................................73 4.3.6. Piercing tools......................................................................................................................................73 4.3.7. Truncations........................................................................................................................................ 73 4.3.8. Splintered pieces................................................................................................................................73 4.3.9. Other tools.......................................................................................................................................... 74 4.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of layer 6........................................................................................74 4.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of blanks ................................................ 74 4.4.2. Shaping the tools................................................................................................................................ 75 4.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in layer 6...................................................................77 4.5. Dating of layer 6: a perspective from techno-typological analysis of the lithic
industry........................77 5. The lithic industry of the Rouj lc period............................................................................................................ 78 5.1. Raw material...............................................................................................................................................78 5.2. Debitage...................................................................................................................................................... 78 5.2.1. Cores................................................................................................................................................... 78 5.2.2. Debitage products.............................................................................................................................. 83 5.3. Tools............................................................................................................................................................94 5.3.1. Points...................................................................................................................................................94 5.3.2. Glossed blades.....................................................................................................................................97 5.3.3. Shape-defined sickle elements........................................................................................................... 98 5.3.4.
Burins..................................................................................................................................................99 5.3.5. End-scrapers.......................................................................................................................................99 5.3.6. Piercing tools....................................................................................................................................100 5.3.7. Sharpened blades............................................................................................................................. 101 5.3.8. Truncations.......................................................................................................................................101 5.3.9. Retouched blades............................................................................................................................. 102 5.3.10. Other tools.......................................................................................................................................102 ii
5.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of the Rouj lc period.................................................................... 103 5.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of blanks................................................103 5.4.2. Shaping of the tools.........................................................................................................................Ю8 5.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in the Rouj lc period (Figure 3.37).........................Ill 6. The lithic industry from the Rouj 2a/2b period.............................................................................................. 113 6.1. Raw material............................................................................................................................................ 113 6.2. Debitage................................................................................................................................................... 114 6.2.1. Cores.................................................................................................................................................114 6.2.2. Debitage products............................................................................................................................116 6.3. Tools.........................................................................................................................................................121 6.3.1.
Points................................................................................................................................................121 6.3.2. Glossed blades.................................................................................................................................. 123 6.3.3. Shape-defined sickle elements.........................................................................................................124 6.3.4. Burins...............................................................................................................................................125 6.3.5. End-scrapers....................................................................................................................................125 6.3.6. Piercing tools...................................................................................................................................126 6.3.7. Truncations..................................................................................................................................... 128 6.3.8. Retouched blades............................................................................................................................ 129 6.3.9. Other tools....................................................................................................................................... 130 6.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of the Rouj 2a/2b period..............................................................130 6.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of
blanks................................................130 6.4.2. Shaping of the tools.........................................................................................................................135 6.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in the Rouj 2a/2b period (Figure 3.37)................... 138 7. The lithic industries of the later periods of the Pottery Neolithic.................................................................. 139 7.1. The Rouj 2c period....................................................................................................................................139 7.1.1. Raw material....................................................................................................................................139 7.1.2. Production of blanks........................................................................................................................ 139 7.1.3. Tool manufacture............................................................................................................................ 139 7.1.4. Conclusion: The strategy of lithic production in the Rouj 2c period (Figure 3.53)........................140 7.2. The Rouj 2d period...................................................................................................................................142 7.2.1. Raw material....................................................................................................................................142 7.2.2. Production of
blanks........................................................................................................................ 142 7.2.3. Tool manufacture.............................................................................................................................142 7.2.4. Conclusion: The strategy of lithic production in the Rouj 2d period (Figure 3.54)........................142 8. Discussion: Development of the lithic industries at Tell Ain el-Kerkh during the Neolithic..........................142 8.1. Acquisition and choice of raw materials..................................................................................................142 8.2. Evolution of the lithic technology........................................................................................................... 145 8.2.1. Bidirectional blade technology........................................................................................................ 145 8.2.2. Unidirectional blade and bladelet technology................................................................................ 147 8.2.3. Shaping of the tools......................................................................................................................... 148 8.3. Diachronic analyses of the tools.............................................................................................................. 148 8.3.1. Points................................................................................................................................................ 148 8.3.2. Glossed
pieces...................................................................................................................................151 8.3.3. Other characteristic tools................................................................................................................ 153 8.4. Evolution of the system of lithic production........................................................................................... 153 Chapter IV Comparative analysis of lithic materials from other sites in Syria...................................................................155 1. TellRiz...............................................................................................................................................................155 2. Qastun................................................................................................................................................................156 3. Slenfe.................................................................................................................................................................156 3.1. The lithic material attributed to the Early PPNB.....................................................................................156 3.2. The lithic material attributed to later Neolithic phases..........................................................................157 4. Tell el-Kerkh 2...................................................................................................................................................158 4.1. The layers of the Late PPNB (Rouj lc
period).......................................................................................... 158 4.1.1. Raw material.................................................................................................................................... 158 4.1.2. Debitage............................................................................................................................................158 4.1.3. Tools................................................................................................................................................. 160 iii
4.1.4. Conclusion: reconstitution of the system of lithic production in the Rouj lc period at Tell el-Kerkh 2............................................................................................................................................. 161 4.2. The layers of the Pottery Neolithic (Rouj 2a/2b period)..............................................................................161 4.2.1. Raw material.............................................................................................................................................161 4.2.2. Debitage.................................................................................................................................................... 162 4.2.3. Tools.......................................................................................................................................................... 163 4.2.4. Conclusion: reconstruction of the system of lithic production in the Rouj 2a/2b period at Tell el-Kerkh 2..........................................................................................................................................163 5. Tell Ain Dara III.......................................................................................................................................................... 163 5.1. Raw material..................................................................................................................................................... 164 5.2.
Debitage............................................................................................................................................................. 164 5.2.1. Cores.......................................................................................................................................................... 164 5.2.2. Flakes......................................................................................................................................................... 165 5.2.3. Blades........................................................................................................................................................ 165 5.3. Tools................................................................................................................................................................... 166 5.4. Conclusion: reconstruction of the system of lithic production at Tell Ain Dara III..................................167 6. Dja’de el Mughara, sector SB....................................................................................................................................168 6.1. Raw material......................................................................................................................................................168 6.2. Debitage............................................................................................................................................................. 170 6.2.1. Phase
1........................................................................................................................................................170 6.2.2. Phase II.......................................................................................................................................................171 6.2.3. Phase III......................................................................................................................................................175 6.3. Tools.................................................................................................................................................................. 176 6.3.1. Phase 1........................................................................................................................................................176 6.3.2. Phase II.......................................................................................................................................................177 6.3.3. Phase III......................................................................................................................................................181 6.4. Conclusion: reconstruction of the system of lithic production at Dja’de el Mughara..............................182 Chapter V Comparative study of published data from other Neolithic sites in the northern Levant...............................185 1. Sites of the Early PPNB (the 9th millennium cal. BC)............................................................................................ 185 1.1. North-
western Syria....................................................................................................................................... 185 1.1.1. Ras Shamra VC and Tell Dahab (Contenson 1992; Braidwood and Braidwood I960).......................185 1.2. Middle Euphrates.............................................................................................................................................. 185 1.2.1. Mureybet phase IVA and Cheikh Hassan (Abbés 2003; Cauvin М.-С. 2004)...................................... 185 1.3. South-east Anatolia......................................................................................................................................... 188 1.3.1. Grill Building and Channelled Building phases at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Özdoğan 1999; Caneva et al. 1994; 1996; 2001).................................................................................................................... 188 1.3.2. Cafer Höyük early phase (Cauvin, M.-C. 1991)...................................................................................... 189 1.3.3. Nevah Çori (Schmidt 1988,1994,1996).................................................................................................189 1.3.4. Göbekli Tepe (Schmidt 2000)................................................................................................................. 190 2. Sites of the Middle PPNB (first half of the 8th millennium cal. BC)................................................................... 191 2.1. Middle
Euphrates..............................................................................................................................................191 2.1.1. Mureybet phase IVB (Abbés 2003; Cauvin, M.-C. 2004)........................................................................191 2.1.2. Tell Abu Hureyra Period 2 (Moore 1978; Nishiaki 2000)......................................................................191 2.1.3. Tell Halula (Molist etai. 1994; ibáñez etai. 1998; Molist etai. 200i)................................................... 193 2.2. South-east Anatolia..........................................................................................................................................194 2.2.1. Cobble-Paved Building phase at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Caneva et al. 1996).................................... 194 2.2.2. Cafer Höyük middle phase (Cauvin, M.-C. and Balkan, N. 1985; Cauvin, M.-C. 1991; Cauvin,J. étal. 1999).................................................................................................................................... 195 2.2.3. Boy Tepe (Balkan 1989; Balkan-Atlı 1994).............................................................................................195 3. Sites of the Late PPNB (second half of the 8th millennium cal. BC)....................................................................196 3.1. North-western Syria........................................................................................................................................ 196 3.1.1. Qminas (Masuda and Sha’ath
1983)....................................................................................................... 196 3.1.2. Ras Shamra Phase VC (Contenson 1992)............................................................................................... 196 3.2. Middle Euphrates.............................................................................................................................................. 197 3.2.1. Tell Halula (Molist etai. 1994)................................................................................................................. 197 3.2.2. Bouqras (Roodenberg 1986)....................................................................................................................198 IV
3.3. South-east Anatolia..................................................................................................................................198 3.3.1. Cell Building phase at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Caneva et al. 1994; 1996)........................................ 198 3.3.2. Cafer Höyük late phase (Cauvin, M.-C. and Balkan, N. 1985; Calley 1985; Cauvin et al. 1999; Balkan-Atli 1991)................................................................................................................................. 199 3.3.3. Hayaz Höyük (Roodenberg 1989)..................................................................................................... 200 3.4. The Balikh valley..................................................................................................................................... 200 3.4.1. Tell Sabi Abyad II (Copeland 2000)..................................................................................................200 4. Sites of the Beginning of the Pottery Neolithic or Final PPNB (first half of the 7th millennium BC)............. 202 4.1. North-western Syria................................................................................................................................ 202 4.1.1. Ras Shamra Phase VB (Contenson 1992)......................................................................................... 202 4.1.2. Tell Judaidah phases A and В (Crowfoot Payne 1960).....................................................................202 4.1.3. Tell Nebí Mend (Nishiaki
2000)........................................................................................................203 4.2. Middle Euphrates......................................................................................................................................204 4.2.1. Tell Halula (Molist and Ferrer 1996; Ibáñez et al 1998; Molist et al. 2001)......................................204 4.3. South-east Anatolia.................................................................................................................................. 205 4.3.1. Large Room Building phase at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Caneva et al. 1994).....................................205 4.3.2. Kumartepe (Roodenberg 1989)........................................................................................................206 4.4. Balikh valley.............................................................................................................................................207 4.4.1. Tell Damishliyya (Nishiaki 2000)......................................................................................................207 Chapter VI General conclusion.................................................................................................................................................. 210 1. Synthesis: Development of Neolithic lithic industries in the northern Levant..............................................210 1.1. Early PPNB (second half of the 9th millennium cal. BC)......................................................................... 210 1.1.1. Early phase of the Early
PPNB......................................................................................................... 210 1.1.2. Late phase of the Early PPNB........................................................................................................... 210 1.2. Middle PPNB (first half of the 8th millennium cal. BC)...........................................................................211 1.2.1. The sites of the Middle Euphrates................................................................................................... 212 1.2.2. The sites of south-east Anatolia......................................................................................................213 1.3. Late PPNB (second half of the 8th millennium cal. BC)........................................................................... 213 1.3.1. The western group...........................................................................................................................213 1.3.2. The eastern group............................................................................................................................214 1.4. Beginning of the Pottery Neolithic or Final PPNB (first half of the 7th millennium cal. BC)...............215 1.4.1. Group 1............................................................................................................................................. 215 1.4.2. Group 2............................................................................................................................................. 215 2. Reflections on the system of
lithic production during the PPNB in the northern Levant in a socio-economic context................................................................................................................................216 2.1. Acquisition of the raw material............................................................................................................... 216 2.2. The development of blade technology.................................................................................................... 217 2.2.1. Bidirectional blade technology........................................................................................................ 217 2.2.2. Unidirectional blade technology..................................................................................................... 221 2.3. Organisation of the lithic production in the PPNB..................................................................................223 3. Emergence and diffusion of the PPNB culture................................................................................................. 225 4. The end of the PPNB culture: Was the ‘PPNB collapse’ a general phenomenon? .......................................... 227 4.1. The ‘PPNB collapse’ in the southern Levant...........................................................................................227 4.2. Transition from the PPNB to the Pottery Neolithic in the northern Levant.......................................... 227 4.3. Change in the lithic production system between the PPNB and the Pottery Neolithic in the northern
Levant.............................................................................................................................228 4.3.1. The new data from Tell el֊Kerkh, north-western Syria..................................................................228 4.3.2. When and how did lithics change? View from north-western Syria..............................................229 4.3.3. Interpretations of the changes in the lithic industries...................................................................230 4.4. Reflection on the ‘PPNB collapse’ in the northern Levant...................................................................... 231 Appendix: Plates...................................................................................................................................................... 232 Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................................362 v
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| adam_txt |
Contents List of Figures, Tables and Plates. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. 1. The research subject. 2. Organisation of the research. 3. Illustrations. . 1 1 1 Chapter I The research framework. 1. Néolithisation of the northern Levant. 1.1. Geographical situation. 1.2. Chronological framework. 1.2.1. Early PPNB. 1.2.2. Middle PPNB. 1.2.3. Late PPNB. 1.2.4. Pottery Neolithic. 2. Néolithisation of north-western Syria. 2.1. State of research. 2.2. Archaeological research in the Rouj basin. 2.2.1. The Rouj basin: geomorphology. 2.2.2. Archaeological research in the years 1990-1992. 2.3. Excavations at Tell Ain el-Kerkh and the present state of research. 2.3.1. New excavations at Tell Ain el-Kerkh (1997-2002)., 2.3.2. Revision of the Rouj chronology. 2.3.3. Re-examination of the Neolithic sites in the Rouj basin . .2 .2 ,.2 .7 „.9 „11 „11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .13 „14 „19 „19 „24 .25 Chapter II Methodology. 1. The
subject of analysis. 2. Methodological framework: Reconstitution of the operational sequence in lithic production. 2.1. Acquisition of raw material. 2.1.1. Sources in primary positions . 2.1.2. Sources in secondary positions., 2.2. Knapping technology. 2.2.1. Method. 2.2.2. Technique. 2.3. Shaping of the tools. 3. Analytical method. 3.1. Raw material selection. 3.2. Technological analysis. 3.3. Typological analysis. 3.3.1. Debitage. 3.3.2. Tools. „27 .27 .27 .27 „27 .27 „29 .29 „31 .32 „32 „32 „34 „35 „35 „41 Chapter III The lithic industries of the Pre-Pottery and the Pottery Neolithic at Tell Ain el-Kerkh.45 1. The collections.45 2. Raw material for the lithic industry at Tell Ain el-Kerkh and geological surveys for flint research. 45 2.1. Flint types of Tell Ain el-Kerkh.45 2.2. Geological surveys. 45 і
3. The lithic industry of the Rouj la period. 50 3.1. Raw material.50 3.2. Debitage. 50 3.2.1. Cores.51 3.2.2. Debitage products. 53 3.3. Tools. 55 3.3.1. Points. 55 3.3.2. Glossed blades.57 3.3.3. Burins. 57 3.3.4. End-
scrapers. 57 3.3.5. Piercing tools. 58 3.3.6. Sharpened blades.58 3.3.7. Notches. 58 3.3.8. Truncations. 58 3.3.9. Composite tools. 58 3.3.10. Retouched blades.59 3.3.11. Other tools.59 3.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of the Rouj la period. 59 3.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of blanks . 59 3.4.2. Shaping of tools. 62 3.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in the Rouj la period (Figure
3.15).65 4. Lithic industry of layer 6. 66 4.1. Raw material. 66 4.2. Debitage.67 4.2.1. Cores.67 4.2.2. Debitage products.67 4.3. Tools. 70 4.3.1. Points. 70 4.3.2. Glossed blades. 71 4.3.3. Shape-defined sickle elements. 72 4.3.4.
Burins. 72 4.3.5. End-scrapers.73 4.3.6. Piercing tools.73 4.3.7. Truncations. 73 4.3.8. Splintered pieces.73 4.3.9. Other tools. 74 4.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of layer 6.74 4.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of blanks . 74 4.4.2. Shaping the tools. 75 4.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in layer 6.77 4.5. Dating of layer 6: a perspective from techno-typological analysis of the lithic
industry.77 5. The lithic industry of the Rouj lc period. 78 5.1. Raw material.78 5.2. Debitage. 78 5.2.1. Cores. 78 5.2.2. Debitage products. 83 5.3. Tools.94 5.3.1. Points.94 5.3.2. Glossed blades.97 5.3.3. Shape-defined sickle elements. 98 5.3.4.
Burins.99 5.3.5. End-scrapers.99 5.3.6. Piercing tools.100 5.3.7. Sharpened blades. 101 5.3.8. Truncations.101 5.3.9. Retouched blades. 102 5.3.10. Other tools.102 ii
5.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of the Rouj lc period. 103 5.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of blanks.103 5.4.2. Shaping of the tools.Ю8 5.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in the Rouj lc period (Figure 3.37).Ill 6. The lithic industry from the Rouj 2a/2b period. 113 6.1. Raw material. 113 6.2. Debitage. 114 6.2.1. Cores.114 6.2.2. Debitage products.116 6.3. Tools.121 6.3.1.
Points.121 6.3.2. Glossed blades. 123 6.3.3. Shape-defined sickle elements.124 6.3.4. Burins.125 6.3.5. End-scrapers.125 6.3.6. Piercing tools.126 6.3.7. Truncations. 128 6.3.8. Retouched blades. 129 6.3.9. Other tools. 130 6.4. Reconstruction of the lithic strategy of the Rouj 2a/2b period.130 6.4.1. Reconstruction of operational sequence for production of
blanks.130 6.4.2. Shaping of the tools.135 6.4.3. Conclusion: the strategy of lithic production in the Rouj 2a/2b period (Figure 3.37). 138 7. The lithic industries of the later periods of the Pottery Neolithic. 139 7.1. The Rouj 2c period.139 7.1.1. Raw material.139 7.1.2. Production of blanks. 139 7.1.3. Tool manufacture. 139 7.1.4. Conclusion: The strategy of lithic production in the Rouj 2c period (Figure 3.53).140 7.2. The Rouj 2d period.142 7.2.1. Raw material.142 7.2.2. Production of
blanks. 142 7.2.3. Tool manufacture.142 7.2.4. Conclusion: The strategy of lithic production in the Rouj 2d period (Figure 3.54).142 8. Discussion: Development of the lithic industries at Tell Ain el-Kerkh during the Neolithic.142 8.1. Acquisition and choice of raw materials.142 8.2. Evolution of the lithic technology. 145 8.2.1. Bidirectional blade technology. 145 8.2.2. Unidirectional blade and bladelet technology. 147 8.2.3. Shaping of the tools. 148 8.3. Diachronic analyses of the tools. 148 8.3.1. Points. 148 8.3.2. Glossed
pieces.151 8.3.3. Other characteristic tools. 153 8.4. Evolution of the system of lithic production. 153 Chapter IV Comparative analysis of lithic materials from other sites in Syria.155 1. TellRiz.155 2. Qastun.156 3. Slenfe.156 3.1. The lithic material attributed to the Early PPNB.156 3.2. The lithic material attributed to later Neolithic phases.157 4. Tell el-Kerkh 2.158 4.1. The layers of the Late PPNB (Rouj lc
period). 158 4.1.1. Raw material. 158 4.1.2. Debitage.158 4.1.3. Tools. 160 iii
4.1.4. Conclusion: reconstitution of the system of lithic production in the Rouj lc period at Tell el-Kerkh 2. 161 4.2. The layers of the Pottery Neolithic (Rouj 2a/2b period).161 4.2.1. Raw material.161 4.2.2. Debitage. 162 4.2.3. Tools. 163 4.2.4. Conclusion: reconstruction of the system of lithic production in the Rouj 2a/2b period at Tell el-Kerkh 2.163 5. Tell Ain Dara III. 163 5.1. Raw material. 164 5.2.
Debitage. 164 5.2.1. Cores. 164 5.2.2. Flakes. 165 5.2.3. Blades. 165 5.3. Tools. 166 5.4. Conclusion: reconstruction of the system of lithic production at Tell Ain Dara III.167 6. Dja’de el Mughara, sector SB.168 6.1. Raw material.168 6.2. Debitage. 170 6.2.1. Phase
1.170 6.2.2. Phase II.171 6.2.3. Phase III.175 6.3. Tools. 176 6.3.1. Phase 1.176 6.3.2. Phase II.177 6.3.3. Phase III.181 6.4. Conclusion: reconstruction of the system of lithic production at Dja’de el Mughara.182 Chapter V Comparative study of published data from other Neolithic sites in the northern Levant.185 1. Sites of the Early PPNB (the 9th millennium cal. BC). 185 1.1. North-
western Syria. 185 1.1.1. Ras Shamra VC and Tell Dahab (Contenson 1992; Braidwood and Braidwood I960).185 1.2. Middle Euphrates. 185 1.2.1. Mureybet phase IVA and Cheikh Hassan (Abbés 2003; Cauvin М.-С. 2004). 185 1.3. South-east Anatolia. 188 1.3.1. Grill Building and Channelled Building phases at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Özdoğan 1999; Caneva et al. 1994; 1996; 2001). 188 1.3.2. Cafer Höyük early phase (Cauvin, M.-C. 1991). 189 1.3.3. Nevah Çori (Schmidt 1988,1994,1996).189 1.3.4. Göbekli Tepe (Schmidt 2000). 190 2. Sites of the Middle PPNB (first half of the 8th millennium cal. BC). 191 2.1. Middle
Euphrates.191 2.1.1. Mureybet phase IVB (Abbés 2003; Cauvin, M.-C. 2004).191 2.1.2. Tell Abu Hureyra Period 2 (Moore 1978; Nishiaki 2000).191 2.1.3. Tell Halula (Molist etai. 1994; ibáñez etai. 1998; Molist etai. 200i). 193 2.2. South-east Anatolia.194 2.2.1. Cobble-Paved Building phase at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Caneva et al. 1996). 194 2.2.2. Cafer Höyük middle phase (Cauvin, M.-C. and Balkan, N. 1985; Cauvin, M.-C. 1991; Cauvin,J. étal. 1999). 195 2.2.3. Boy Tepe (Balkan 1989; Balkan-Atlı 1994).195 3. Sites of the Late PPNB (second half of the 8th millennium cal. BC).196 3.1. North-western Syria. 196 3.1.1. Qminas (Masuda and Sha’ath
1983). 196 3.1.2. Ras Shamra Phase VC (Contenson 1992). 196 3.2. Middle Euphrates. 197 3.2.1. Tell Halula (Molist etai. 1994). 197 3.2.2. Bouqras (Roodenberg 1986).198 IV
3.3. South-east Anatolia.198 3.3.1. Cell Building phase at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Caneva et al. 1994; 1996). 198 3.3.2. Cafer Höyük late phase (Cauvin, M.-C. and Balkan, N. 1985; Calley 1985; Cauvin et al. 1999; Balkan-Atli 1991). 199 3.3.3. Hayaz Höyük (Roodenberg 1989). 200 3.4. The Balikh valley. 200 3.4.1. Tell Sabi Abyad II (Copeland 2000).200 4. Sites of the Beginning of the Pottery Neolithic or Final PPNB (first half of the 7th millennium BC). 202 4.1. North-western Syria. 202 4.1.1. Ras Shamra Phase VB (Contenson 1992). 202 4.1.2. Tell Judaidah phases A and В (Crowfoot Payne 1960).202 4.1.3. Tell Nebí Mend (Nishiaki
2000).203 4.2. Middle Euphrates.204 4.2.1. Tell Halula (Molist and Ferrer 1996; Ibáñez et al 1998; Molist et al. 2001).204 4.3. South-east Anatolia. 205 4.3.1. Large Room Building phase at Çayönü (Redman 1982; Caneva et al. 1994).205 4.3.2. Kumartepe (Roodenberg 1989).206 4.4. Balikh valley.207 4.4.1. Tell Damishliyya (Nishiaki 2000).207 Chapter VI General conclusion. 210 1. Synthesis: Development of Neolithic lithic industries in the northern Levant.210 1.1. Early PPNB (second half of the 9th millennium cal. BC). 210 1.1.1. Early phase of the Early
PPNB. 210 1.1.2. Late phase of the Early PPNB. 210 1.2. Middle PPNB (first half of the 8th millennium cal. BC).211 1.2.1. The sites of the Middle Euphrates. 212 1.2.2. The sites of south-east Anatolia.213 1.3. Late PPNB (second half of the 8th millennium cal. BC). 213 1.3.1. The western group.213 1.3.2. The eastern group.214 1.4. Beginning of the Pottery Neolithic or Final PPNB (first half of the 7th millennium cal. BC).215 1.4.1. Group 1. 215 1.4.2. Group 2. 215 2. Reflections on the system of
lithic production during the PPNB in the northern Levant in a socio-economic context.216 2.1. Acquisition of the raw material. 216 2.2. The development of blade technology. 217 2.2.1. Bidirectional blade technology. 217 2.2.2. Unidirectional blade technology. 221 2.3. Organisation of the lithic production in the PPNB.223 3. Emergence and diffusion of the PPNB culture. 225 4. The end of the PPNB culture: Was the ‘PPNB collapse’ a general phenomenon? . 227 4.1. The ‘PPNB collapse’ in the southern Levant.227 4.2. Transition from the PPNB to the Pottery Neolithic in the northern Levant. 227 4.3. Change in the lithic production system between the PPNB and the Pottery Neolithic in the northern
Levant.228 4.3.1. The new data from Tell el֊Kerkh, north-western Syria.228 4.3.2. When and how did lithics change? View from north-western Syria.229 4.3.3. Interpretations of the changes in the lithic industries.230 4.4. Reflection on the ‘PPNB collapse’ in the northern Levant. 231 Appendix: Plates. 232 Bibliography.362 v |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Arimura, Makoto |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1229647538 |
| author_facet | Arimura, Makoto |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Arimura, Makoto |
| author_variant | m a ma |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046924669 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1249665098 (DE-599)BVBBV046924669 |
| format | Map |
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| geographic | Rouj Basin (DE-588)1076042031 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rouj Basin |
| id | DE-604.BV046924669 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:32:29Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:57:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781789694567 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032333798 |
| oclc_num | 1249665098 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xiv, 370 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne |
| psigel | gbd_0 BSB_NED_20210604 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Al-Shark Excavation reports of Tell el-Kerkh, Northwestern Syria |
| series2 | Al-Shark Excavation reports of Tell el-Kerkh, Northwestern Syria Archaeopress archaeology |
| spelling | Arimura, Makoto Verfasser (DE-588)1229647538 aut The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh Makoto Arimura Oxford Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. [2020] © 2020 xiv, 370 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Al-Shark 4 Excavation reports of Tell el-Kerkh, Northwestern Syria 1 Archaeopress archaeology "Northwest Syria during the Neolithic period has been less well studied than the rest of the northern Levant, where Neolithisation first took place in the Near East. The Neolithic Lithic Industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh presents the first attempt to unveil the Neolithisation process in northwest Syria, with the techno-typological studies of the flintstone implements from Tell Ain el-Kerkh in the Rouj basin in Idlib, which was an important large Neolithic site occupied from the from the 9th to the 7th millennium BC. Examination of the lithic record from Tell Ain el-Kerkh revealed techno-morphological changes in flint tools during the long Neolithic sequence from the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) to the end of the Pottery Neolithic. The author interprets such changes in stone tools in the socio-economic context of the Neolithic. Through the comparison between the data obtained from Tell Ain el-Kerkh and other Neolithic sites in the northern Levant, the regional characteristics of northwest Syria during the Neolithic period are highlighted. In the end, two important issues in the Neolithic Levant, diffusion of the PPNB culture and the PPNB collapse, are discussed based on the results of this study. This volume includes substantial original data, drawings, and analysis of lithics from Neolithic sites in Syria, which will be useful for future discussion of the changes in material culture in relation with the Neolithisation process in the Near East."-- Neolithische Revolution (DE-588)4364636-0 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Steingerät (DE-588)4057175-0 gnd rswk-swf Rouj Basin (DE-588)1076042031 gnd rswk-swf Neolithic period / Syria / Kerkh, Tell el- Stone implements / Syria / Kerkh, Tell el- Excavations (Archaeology) / Syria / Kerkh, Tell el- Quarries and quarrying, Prehistoric / Syria / Kerkh, Tell el- Kerkh, Tell el- (Syria) / Antiquities Antiquities Excavations (Archaeology) Neolithic period Quarries and quarrying, Prehistoric Stone implements Syria / Tell el-Kerkh Rouj Basin (DE-588)1076042031 g Neolithische Revolution (DE-588)4364636-0 s Steingerät (DE-588)4057175-0 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Al-Shark 4 (DE-604)BV047203241 4 Excavation reports of Tell el-Kerkh, Northwestern Syria 1 (DE-604)BV047233865 1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032333798&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Arimura, Makoto The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh Al-Shark Excavation reports of Tell el-Kerkh, Northwestern Syria Neolithische Revolution (DE-588)4364636-0 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Steingerät (DE-588)4057175-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4364636-0 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4057175-0 (DE-588)1076042031 |
| title | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh |
| title_auth | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh |
| title_exact_search | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh |
| title_full | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh Makoto Arimura |
| title_fullStr | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh Makoto Arimura |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh Makoto Arimura |
| title_short | The Neolithic lithic industry at Tell Ain El-Kerkh |
| title_sort | the neolithic lithic industry at tell ain el kerkh |
| topic | Neolithische Revolution (DE-588)4364636-0 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Steingerät (DE-588)4057175-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neolithische Revolution Ausgrabung Funde Steingerät Rouj Basin |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032333798&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV047203241 (DE-604)BV047233865 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arimuramakoto theneolithiclithicindustryattellainelkerkh |