Your research project: designing, planning, and getting started
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Los Angeles ; London ; New Delhi ; Singapore ; Washington DC ; Melbourne
SAGE
2020
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Ausgabe: | Fourth edition |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | xix, 396 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
ISBN: | 9781526441195 9781526441201 |
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adam_text | CONTENTS About the Author Acknowledgements Introduction Particular features of the book Structure and outline of the book XV xvi xvii xviii xviii 1 Types of Research and the Research Problem: Beginning Your Project Aims Introduction What is research? What it is for ֊ the objectives of research Types of research Historical Comparative Descriptive Correlation Experimental Evaluation Action Ethnogenic Feminist Cultural The research process Desirable characteristics of research findings Starting your own research Finding and defining a research problem 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 17 18 19 20 24 27 27
CONTENTS Some common mistakes Aids to locating and analysing problems Initial literature review and defining the problem area Research problem definition The sub-problems Second review of literature Planning a research project Exploration Testing out Problem-solving Which type of research lends itself best to gaining a research degree? Your project plan The next steps: finding your research problem area Consolidation and assessment Further reading 2 Research Theory and the Nature of Knowledge: Understanding Philosophies and Approaches Aims Introduction Scientific enquiry Pure induction Deduction and the principle of falsification Hypothesis Falsification Hypothetico-deductive or scientific method Critical rationalism Relativism ‘Anti-method’ stance Approaches to social research The positivist approach The interpretivist approach The reconciliatory approach Critical realism Structuralism, post-structuralism and postmodernism Conclusions The next steps: the theoretical basis of your research project Consolidation and assessment Further reading ix 29 31 33 33 34 35 38 39 39 39 39 40 48 50 51 53 53 54 55 56 58 58 59 60 62 62 65 66 67 69 70 71 73 75 75 77 77
YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT x 3 Using Language and Understanding Arguments Aims Introduction Concepts and theory Concepts Abstract and concrete concepts Concept measurement Levels of measurement Theory Theoretical statements Language and argument Statements: existent and relational Discourse and argument Using argument Deductive and inductive arguments Logic in argument Fallacies in argument Classification and analogy in argument Conclusions The next steps: which type of research for your topic? Consolidation and assessment Further reading 4 Finding, Organizing and Retrieving Information Aims Introduction Finding the literature Sources ofinformation The Internet Evaluating Web sources Libraries Reading Note-taking Reasons for taking notes Note-taking techniques Collecting and ordering your notes Personalized bibliographies Conclusions The next steps: devising your own information system and writing your literature review Consolidation and assessment Further reading 79 79 80 80 80 82 83 86 90 93 95 96 99 101 103 105 108 110 113 114 116 117 119 119 120 120 120 121 122 123 128 132 132 133 136 141 141 142 144 145
CONTENTS 5 Doing Your Literature Review, Forming Original Ideas and Defining Your Research Topic Aims Introduction Doing a literature review Critical reading skills Different strategies explained in more detail Critical appraisal State of the art Different and competing theories Methodology review Cross-disciplinary exploration Historical overview Doing the review Style and content of the review Forming original ideas and defining your research project Conclusions The next steps: Writing your literature review and defining your research project, and exploring appropriate research methods Consolidation and assessment Further reading 6 Honesty and Research Ethics: Establishing an Ethical Code Aims Introduction Honesty in your work and avoiding plagiarism Intellectual ownership and plagiarism Acknowledgement of other peoples work through citation and referencing Responsibility and accountability of the researcher Data and interpretations Where do you stand? Situations that raise ethical issues Research aims Means and ends Ethics in relation to other people Terminology Roles of researcher and researched Participants Carrying out the research Ծ Potential harm and gain xi 147 147 148 148 149 150 151 151 152 152 152 153 153 154 157 163 164 165 165 167 167 168 168 168 169 171 171 174 175 175 176 176 177 1^8 179 ^ 1Ä9
YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT xii Interviews and questionnaires Participant involvement: experiments, observations, groups Sensitive material Honesty, deception and covert methods Using assistants or delegating tasks Social media research Dealing with data Storing and transmitting data Analysing the data and getting results Ethics policies, permissions and committees in organizations Ethics committees Conclusions The next steps: plan your code of ethics Consolidation and assessment Further reading 7 Research Methods: Choosing the Best Methods for Your Project Aims Introduction Data collection and analysis Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research Research strategies Collecting secondary data Types and sources of secondary data Suitability of data for your project Authentication and credibility Analysing secondary data Content analysis Data mining Meta-analysis Collecting primary data Survey research Sampling Questionnaires Diaries Interviews: structured, semi-structured and open Standardized scales and tests Accounts Observations and physical surveys Using the Internet for primary research Combined data generation and analysis Laboratory and field experiments 184 184 184 185 185 186 189 189 189 192 200 202 203 207 208 210 210 211 211 212 213 215 216 217 218 218 218 221 221 222 223 223 228 230 230 232 233 234 235 238 239
CONTENTS Types of experiment Models Analysing primary data Quantitative analysis Statistics Qualitative analysis Preliminary analysis during data collection Typologies, taxonomies and coding Pattern coding memoing and interim summary Further techniques during data collection Main analysis during and after data collection Qualitative analysis of texts, documents and discourse Mixed methods and interdisciplinary research Mixed methods How to use mixed methods research Data management and mixing Interdisciplinary research Conclusions The next steps: which research methods will you use? Consolidation and assessment Further reading 8 The Research Proposal: Planning and Structuring Your Ideas Aims Introduction Defining your research project The recipe for a successful research proposal Types of research proposal The main ingredients and sequence The title Aims of the research The background and literature review The research problem Outline of methods Possible outcomes of the research Additional information for proposals forfunded research Finalizing your proposal Successful proposals Conclusions The next steps: your research proposal Consolidation and assessment Further reading xiii 240 243 248 249 250 255 256 256 257 259 260 265 268 268 269 271 271 273 273 276 276 284 284 285 285 287 288 289 289 290 291 292 298 299 300 302 308 321 322 324 325
YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT XIV 9 Writing Strategies: Getting Started and Maintaining Momentum Throughout Your Project Aims Introduction Where to begin on your dissertation or thesis The writing process Forming the structure and preparing an outline Retrieving and organizing notes Drafting and redrafting Paragraphs Illustrations Quotations Punctuation Spelling Tables and figures Bibliographies, references and footnotes Motivation and maintaining momentum Other types of writing you might need to do Presentations Posters Conference papers Research papers for refereed academic journals Progress reports Articles Conclusions The next steps: getting to write your thesis or dissertation or research report Consolidation and assessment Further reading Answers to Exercises Key Words Glossary References Index 327 327 328 328 330 330 333 334 335 337 337 338 339 340 341 345 346 346 348 351 351 353 353 354 354 356 356 359 377 387 392
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adam_txt |
CONTENTS About the Author Acknowledgements Introduction Particular features of the book Structure and outline of the book XV xvi xvii xviii xviii 1 Types of Research and the Research Problem: Beginning Your Project Aims Introduction What is research? What it is for ֊ the objectives of research Types of research Historical Comparative Descriptive Correlation Experimental Evaluation Action Ethnogenic Feminist Cultural The research process Desirable characteristics of research findings Starting your own research Finding and defining a research problem 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 17 18 19 20 24 27 27
CONTENTS Some common mistakes Aids to locating and analysing problems Initial literature review and defining the problem area Research problem definition The sub-problems Second review of literature Planning a research project Exploration Testing out Problem-solving Which type of research lends itself best to gaining a research degree? Your project plan The next steps: finding your research problem area Consolidation and assessment Further reading 2 Research Theory and the Nature of Knowledge: Understanding Philosophies and Approaches Aims Introduction Scientific enquiry Pure induction Deduction and the principle of falsification Hypothesis Falsification Hypothetico-deductive or scientific method Critical rationalism Relativism ‘Anti-method’ stance Approaches to social research The positivist approach The interpretivist approach The reconciliatory approach Critical realism Structuralism, post-structuralism and postmodernism Conclusions The next steps: the theoretical basis of your research project Consolidation and assessment Further reading ix 29 31 33 33 34 35 38 39 39 39 39 40 48 50 51 53 53 54 55 56 58 58 59 60 62 62 65 66 67 69 70 71 73 75 75 77 77
YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT x 3 Using Language and Understanding Arguments Aims Introduction Concepts and theory Concepts Abstract and concrete concepts Concept measurement Levels of measurement Theory Theoretical statements Language and argument Statements: existent and relational Discourse and argument Using argument Deductive and inductive arguments Logic in argument Fallacies in argument Classification and analogy in argument Conclusions The next steps: which type of research for your topic? Consolidation and assessment Further reading 4 Finding, Organizing and Retrieving Information Aims Introduction Finding the literature Sources ofinformation The Internet Evaluating Web sources Libraries Reading Note-taking Reasons for taking notes Note-taking techniques Collecting and ordering your notes Personalized bibliographies Conclusions The next steps: devising your own information system and writing your literature review Consolidation and assessment Further reading 79 79 80 80 80 82 83 86 90 93 95 96 99 101 103 105 108 110 113 114 116 117 119 119 120 120 120 121 122 123 128 132 132 133 136 141 141 142 144 145
CONTENTS 5 Doing Your Literature Review, Forming Original Ideas and Defining Your Research Topic Aims Introduction Doing a literature review Critical reading skills Different strategies explained in more detail Critical appraisal State of the art Different and competing theories Methodology review Cross-disciplinary exploration Historical overview Doing the review Style and content of the review Forming original ideas and defining your research project Conclusions The next steps: Writing your literature review and defining your research project, and exploring appropriate research methods Consolidation and assessment Further reading 6 Honesty and Research Ethics: Establishing an Ethical Code Aims Introduction Honesty in your work and avoiding plagiarism Intellectual ownership and plagiarism Acknowledgement of other peoples work through citation and referencing Responsibility and accountability of the researcher Data and interpretations Where do you stand? Situations that raise ethical issues Research aims Means and ends Ethics in relation to other people Terminology Roles of researcher and researched Participants Carrying out the research Ծ Potential harm and gain xi 147 147 148 148 149 150 151 151 152 152 152 153 153 154 157 163 164 165 165 167 167 168 168 168 169 171 171 174 175 175 176 176 177 1^8 179 ^ 1Ä9
YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT xii Interviews and questionnaires Participant involvement: experiments, observations, groups Sensitive material Honesty, deception and covert methods Using assistants or delegating tasks Social media research Dealing with data Storing and transmitting data Analysing the data and getting results Ethics policies, permissions and committees in organizations Ethics committees Conclusions The next steps: plan your code of ethics Consolidation and assessment Further reading 7 Research Methods: Choosing the Best Methods for Your Project Aims Introduction Data collection and analysis Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research Research strategies Collecting secondary data Types and sources of secondary data Suitability of data for your project Authentication and credibility Analysing secondary data Content analysis Data mining Meta-analysis Collecting primary data Survey research Sampling Questionnaires Diaries Interviews: structured, semi-structured and open Standardized scales and tests Accounts Observations and physical surveys Using the Internet for primary research Combined data generation and analysis Laboratory and field experiments 184 184 184 185 185 186 189 189 189 192 200 202 203 207 208 210 210 211 211 212 213 215 216 217 218 218 218 221 221 222 223 223 228 230 230 232 233 234 235 238 239
CONTENTS Types of experiment Models Analysing primary data Quantitative analysis Statistics Qualitative analysis Preliminary analysis during data collection Typologies, taxonomies and coding Pattern coding memoing and interim summary Further techniques during data collection Main analysis during and after data collection Qualitative analysis of texts, documents and discourse Mixed methods and interdisciplinary research Mixed methods How to use mixed methods research Data management and mixing Interdisciplinary research Conclusions The next steps: which research methods will you use? Consolidation and assessment Further reading 8 The Research Proposal: Planning and Structuring Your Ideas Aims Introduction Defining your research project The recipe for a successful research proposal Types of research proposal The main ingredients and sequence The title Aims of the research The background and literature review The research problem Outline of methods Possible outcomes of the research Additional information for proposals forfunded research Finalizing your proposal Successful proposals Conclusions The next steps: your research proposal Consolidation and assessment Further reading xiii 240 243 248 249 250 255 256 256 257 259 260 265 268 268 269 271 271 273 273 276 276 284 284 285 285 287 288 289 289 290 291 292 298 299 300 302 308 321 322 324 325
YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT XIV 9 Writing Strategies: Getting Started and Maintaining Momentum Throughout Your Project Aims Introduction Where to begin on your dissertation or thesis The writing process Forming the structure and preparing an outline Retrieving and organizing notes Drafting and redrafting Paragraphs Illustrations Quotations Punctuation Spelling Tables and figures Bibliographies, references and footnotes Motivation and maintaining momentum Other types of writing you might need to do Presentations Posters Conference papers Research papers for refereed academic journals Progress reports Articles Conclusions The next steps: getting to write your thesis or dissertation or research report Consolidation and assessment Further reading Answers to Exercises Key Words Glossary References Index 327 327 328 328 330 330 333 334 335 337 337 338 339 340 341 345 346 346 348 351 351 353 353 354 354 356 356 359 377 387 392 |
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spelling | Walliman, Nicholas Verfasser (DE-588)137331460 aut Your research project designing, planning, and getting started Nicholas Walliman Fourth edition Los Angeles ; London ; New Delhi ; Singapore ; Washington DC ; Melbourne SAGE 2020 xix, 396 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Forschungsprojekt (DE-588)4155053-5 gnd rswk-swf Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 gnd rswk-swf Forschungsprojekt (DE-588)4155053-5 s Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032332358&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Walliman, Nicholas Your research project designing, planning, and getting started Forschungsprojekt (DE-588)4155053-5 gnd Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 gnd |
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title | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started |
title_auth | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started |
title_exact_search | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started |
title_exact_search_txtP | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started |
title_full | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started Nicholas Walliman |
title_fullStr | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started Nicholas Walliman |
title_full_unstemmed | Your research project designing, planning, and getting started Nicholas Walliman |
title_short | Your research project |
title_sort | your research project designing planning and getting started |
title_sub | designing, planning, and getting started |
topic | Forschungsprojekt (DE-588)4155053-5 gnd Projektmanagement (DE-588)4047441-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Forschungsprojekt Projektmanagement |
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