Holdings: Processing of polymers

Processing of polymers:

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Defonseka, Chris (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter [2020]
Series:	De Gruyter STEM
Subjects:	Kunststoffverarbeitung
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XIII, 159 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm x 17 cm
ISBN:	9783110656114 3110656116

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MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Processing of polymers \|c Chris Defonseka
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300			\|a XIII, 159 Seiten \|b Illustrationen \|c 24 cm x 17 cm
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adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE * V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMERS * 1 1.1 THE WORLD OF POLYMERS * 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 4 CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS * 5 2.1 WHAT ARE POLYMERS? * 5 2.2 POLYMER CATEGORIES * 6 2.2.1 POLYMER MICROSTRUCTURES * 7 2.2.2 LENGTHS OF POLYMER CHAINS * 8 2.2.3 POLYMER MORPHOLOGY ----- 8 2.2.4 POLYMER BEHAVIOR - MELTING POINT ----- 8 2.2.5 POLYMER BEHAVIOR - MIXING ----- 9 2.3 POLYMER BLENDS * 9 2.4 POLYMER COMPOSITES * 10 2.5 CELLULAR POLYMERS * 10 2.6 ENGINEERED PLASTICS ----- 11 2.7 BIOPLASTICS ----- 11 2.8 IMPORTANT COMMON POLYMERS ----- 12 2.9 POLYMER DEGRADATION ----- 12 2.10 POLYMER WASTE DISPOSAL * 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 13 CHAPTER 3 TYPES OF POLYMERS * 15 3.1 COMMON POLYMERS ----- 15 3.1.1 POLYETHYLENES * 15 3.1.2 POLYSTYRENES * 16 3.1.3 POLYPROPYLENES * 17 3.1.4 POLYCARBONATES * 17 3.1.5 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ----- 19 3.1.6 POLYURETHANES * 19 3.1.7 MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE ------ 20 3.1.8 ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE * 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 22 VIII * CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS----- 23 4.1 IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTIES * 23 4.2 THERMAL PROPERTIES ----- 23 4.2.1 THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY ----- 23 4.2.2 LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION * 23 4.2.3 THERMAL DEGRADATION -----24 4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -----24 4.3.1 TENSILE STRENGTH ----- 24 4.3.2 MELTING POINT ----- 24 4.3.3YOUNG * S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ----- 25 4.3.4 GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE ----- 25 4.3.5 MIXING BEHAVIOR ----- 25 4.3.6 POLYMER DEGRADATION * 26 4.3.7 DENSITY ----- 26 4.3.8 FATIGUE TESTS * 26 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS * 26 4.4.1 WATER ABSORPTION ----- 27 4.4.2 CHEMICAL DEGRADATION * 27 4.5 VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS * 27 4.5.1 DENSITY ----- 27 4.5.2 FIRMNESS ----- 28 4.5.3 TIME ----- 28 4.5.4 TEMPERATURE * 28 4.5.5 HUMIDITY ----- 28 4.6 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES * 29 4.7 OPTICAL PROPERTIES * 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY -----29 CHAPTER 5 ADDITIVES FOR POLYMERS * 31 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 WHAT ARE POLYMER ADDITIVES? ----- 31 EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON POLYMERS * 32 PLASTICIZING AGENTS * 33 PIGMENTS, DYES AND MASTERBATCHES * 33 STABILIZERS -----34 LUBRICANTS ----- 35 BLOWING AGENTS ----- 35 CATALYSTS ----- 35 INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES DURING PROCESSING * 35 DISCOLORATION AND DEGRADATION * 36 IMPROVING MOLDING PROCESSABILITY * 36 CONTENTS * IX 5.3.3 IMPROVING DURABILITY ----- 37 5.3.4 USE OF LUBRICANTS * 37 5.4 FUNCTIONS OF SOME ADDITIVES ------ 38 5.4.1 ANTIOXIDANTS -----38 5.4.2 ANTISTATIC AGENTS ------38 5.4.3 BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICIZERS * 38 5.4.4 BLOWING AGENTS -----39 5.4.5 EXTERNAL LUBRICANTS * 39 5.4.6 FILLERS/EXTENDERS ------ 39 5.4.7 FLAME RETARDANTS ------ 39 5.4.8 HEAT STABILIZERS ------ 39 5.4.9 IMPACT MODIFIERS ----- 40 5.4.10 LIGHT STABILIZERS ----- 40 5.4.11 COLORING AGENTS ----- 40 5.4.12 REINFORCEMENTS ------ 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 41 CHAPTER 6 USEFUL DATA FOR PROCESSING POLYMERS * 43 6.1 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS * 43 6.2 COLORING OF POLYMERS * 43 6.2.1 INTRODUCTION ------ 43 6.2.2 THEORY OF COLORS * 44 6.2.3 THE COLOR WHEEL ----- 44 6.2.4 PRIMARY COLORS ------ 45 6.2.5 SECONDARY COLORS * 45 6.2.6 TERTIARY COLORS ------ 45 6.2.7 WARM AND COOL COLORS ------ 45 6.2.8 TINTS, SHADES AND TONES ----- 46 6.3 PURGING COLORED MATERIAL FROM PRODUCTION MACHINERY * 46 6.3.1 MASTERBATCHES ----- 47 6.3.2 UNIVERSAL MASTERBATCHES * 47 6.3.3 LIQUID COLORANTS * 47 6.3.3.1 SPECIAL EFFECTS LIQUID COLORANTS * 48 6.3.4 PRECOLORED RESINS ----- 48 6.3.5 CUBE BLENDS * 48 6.3.6 COLORED SPECIALTY COMPOUNDS ----- 48 6.4 ELECTRICAL POWER CALCULATIONS * 49 6.5 COMPRESSED AIR ----- 50 6.6 WATER REQUIREMENTS * 51 6.7 SAFETY FACTORS * 51 6.8 QUALITY CONTROL ----- 52 X * CONTENTS 6.8.1 X-R CONTROL CHART ----- 53 6.8.2 P-CHART ----- 53 6.8.3 AN SPC SYSTEM IN OPERATION - AN EXAMPLE * 54 6.9 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE FOR MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT * 55 6.10 KEY FACTORS FOR A PROCESSING PLANT * 56 6.11 IN-HOUSE LABORATORY * 56 6.12 IN-HOUSE WORKSHOP ----- 57 6.13 GRANULATORS/SHREDDERS FOR RECYCLING PLASTIC WASTES * 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 58 CHAPTER 7 LEAN PROCESSING FOR EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY * 59 7.1 THE CONCEPT OF LEAN * 59 7.1.1 IDENTIFYING VALUE * 59 7.1.2 MAP THE VALUE STREAM * 59 7.1.3 CREATING FLOW * 60 7.1.4 ESTABLISH A PULL SYSTEM * 60 7.1.5 CONSTANT IMPROVEMENT * 60 7.1.6 LEAN VERSUS SIX SIGMA * 61 7.2 GUIDELINES TO THINKING LEAN * 61 7.2.1 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? * 61 7.2.2 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES * 62 7.2.3 PUSH-PULL SYSTEM -----63 7.2.4 KANBAN SYSTEM * 63 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 63 CHAPTER 8 PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR POLYMERS * 65 8.1 SOME COMMON SYSTEMS * 65 8.2 COMMON PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR THERMOFORMING RESINS * 65 8.2.1 EXTRUSION ----- 65 8.2.1.1 SOME TYPES OF COMMERCIAL EXTRUDERS * 68 8.2.1.2 CO-ROTATING INTERMESHING EXTRUDERS * 68 8.2.1.3 COUNTER-ROTATING NONINTERMESHING EXTRUDERS * 69 8.2.1.4 MAINTENANCE OF EXTRUDERS * 69 8.2.1.5 SOME NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN EXTRUSION * 70 8.2.1.6 RECOMMENDED SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES * 74 8.2.1.7 RECOMMENDED RESTART PROCEDURES * 74 8.2.2 INJECTION MOLDING * 75 8.2.2.1 STRUCTURAL WEB INJECTION MOLDING * 76 5.2.2.2 BENEFITS OF STRUCTURAL WEB PROCESSES * 77 8.2.23 STRUCTURAL FOAM INJECTION MOLDING ----- 78 CONTENTS XI 8.2.2.4 HAND-OPERATED INJECTION MOLDING ------ 79 8.2.3 BLOW MOLDING ----- 80 8.2.4 COMPRESSION MOLDING ----- 82 8.2.4.1 TRANSFER MOLDING ----- 84 8.2.4.2 APPLICATIONS ----- 85 8.2.43 MOLDING COMPOSITES BY COMPRESSION MOLDING * 85 8.2.5 DIP COATING ----- 86 8.2.5.1 DIP COATING VERSUS DIP MOLDING ----- 86 8.2.5.2 DIP COATING PROCEDURE ------- 86 8.2.53 HOT DIP COATING IN A FLUIDIZED BED ------87 5.2.5.4 HOT DIP COATING IN VINYL PLASTISOL * 87 5.2.5.5 POLYMER FLOCK SPRAYING ----- 87 8.2.6 VACUUM FORMING ----- 88 8.2.6.1 THE VACUUM FORMING PROCESS ----- 88 8.2.7 DIRECT COATING ----- 90 8.2.8 INDIRECT COATING * 91 8.2.9 ROTATIONAL MOLDING OR ROTOMOLDING ----- 92 8.2.9.1 SOLAR-POWERED ROTOMOLDING UNITS ------ 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 93 CHAPTER 9 PROCESSING OF LIQUID POLYMER FOAMING SYSTEMS * 95 9.1 FOAMING LIQUID POLYMERS ----- 95 9.1.1 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLASTISOL * 95 9.1.2 LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE FOAM ----- 96 9.13 INTEGRAL SKIN FOAM ------ 97 9.1.4 DIRECT MOLDED FOAM ------ 98 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 98 CHAPTER 10 SPECIALTY POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES * 99 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 WHAT ARE SPECIALTY POLYMERS? * 99 APPLICATIONS OF SPECIALTY POLYMERS * 100 GRAPHENE - PROPERTIES, PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS IN BRIEF * 100 GRAPHENE-POLYMER COMPOSITES * 100 GRAPHENE COMPOSITES CAN REDUCE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS * 102 FLUOROPOLYMER SPECIALTY INSULATION FOR EXTREME APPLICATION NEEDS * 102 10.7 10.8 10.8.1 10.8.2 POLYURETHANE SPECIALTY POLYMERS * 103 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS * 104 FLEXIBLE CONDUCTIVE FILM ----- 104 SOME LATEST AUTOMOTIVE SPECIALTY POLYMERS * 105 XII * CONTENTS 10.9 POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN * 105 10.10 REINFORCED POLYMERS WITH COFFEE CHAFF * 106 10.11 SPECIALTY POLYMER COMPOSITES * 106 10.12 SPECIALTY ENGINEERED COMPOSITES * 107 10.13 SPECIALTY POLYMER RESINS WITH RICE HULLS * 107 10.13.1 POLYMERIC COMPOSITES WITH RICE HULLS FOR INJECTION MOLDING * 108 10.13.2 RECOMMENDED PROCESSING GUIDELINES * 109 10.14 EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE WITH GRAPHITE * 110 10.15 POLYMERIC COMPOSITES WITH BAMBOO FIBERS * 111 10.16 NEW POLYLACTIC (PLA) GRADE FOR 3D PRINTING * 111 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 112 CHAPTER 11 THREE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR IMPORTANT PRODUCTS * 113 11.1 MOLDED EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PRODUCTS * 113 11.1.1 PREEXPANSION AND AGING * 114 11.1.2 CURING PHASE * 114 11.1.3 MOLDING PROCESS * 115 11.1.4 SHAPE MOLDING ----- 115 11.1.5 FABRICATION * 116 11.1.6 SOME EPS MOLDED PRODUCTS * 116 11.1.7 EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PROPERTIES AND KEY BENEFITS * 116 11.1.7.1 KEY BENEFITS * 116 11.1.7.2 PROPERTIES ----- 118 11.1.8 EPS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ----- 119 11.1.9 FOOD PACKAGING * 119 11.1.10 INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING * 119 11.1.11 SAFETY AND RECYCLABILITY * 120 11.1.12 EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE INSULATION * 120 11.1.13 THE EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR XEPS * 120 11.1.14 INSULATION PROPERTIES OF XEPS BOARDS * 121 11.2 MANUFACTURING PLANT FOR EPS PRODUCTS FOR AN ENTREPRENEUR * 121 11.2.1 THE PRODUCTS * 121 11.2.2 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT ----- 121 11.2.3 RAW MATERIAL * 123 11.2.4 PRODUCTION METHOD ------ 124 11.2.5 FABRICATION * 125 11.3 MANUFACTURE OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE RESINS * 125 11.3.1 TECHNOLOGY IN BRIEF ----- 125 11.3.2 RAW MATERIALS * 126 11.3.3 POLYMERS ----- 128 11.3.4 RICE HULLS * 128 CONTENTS * XIII 11.3.5 11.3.6 11.4 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 11.5 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.5.3 11.5.4 11.6 11.6.1 ADDITIVES ----- 129 PROCESSING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT ----- 129 MANUFACTURE OF PUR FLEXIBLE FOAM MATTRESSES * 131 THE RAW MATERIALS * 131 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT ----- 135 CALCULATING DENSITY * 136 CALCULATING INDENTATION FORCE DEFLECTION * 137 PUR FLEXIBLE FOAM MANUFACTURING METHODS * 137 MANUAL OPERATION * 137 MOLDS ----- 138 CUTTING AND FABRICATION * 139 PRODUCTION METHOD ----- 139 THE INTERMITTENT PROCESS TO MAKE LARGE FOAM BLOCKS * 140 PRODUCTION EXAMPLE - INTERMITTENT PROCESS * 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 144 APPENDIX A ----- 145 APPENDIX B * 147 APPENDIX C * 149 GLOSSARY * 151 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS * 155 INDEX * 157
adam_txt	CONTENTS PREFACE * V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMERS * 1 1.1 THE WORLD OF POLYMERS * 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 4 CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS * 5 2.1 WHAT ARE POLYMERS? * 5 2.2 POLYMER CATEGORIES * 6 2.2.1 POLYMER MICROSTRUCTURES * 7 2.2.2 LENGTHS OF POLYMER CHAINS * 8 2.2.3 POLYMER MORPHOLOGY ----- 8 2.2.4 POLYMER BEHAVIOR - MELTING POINT ----- 8 2.2.5 POLYMER BEHAVIOR - MIXING ----- 9 2.3 POLYMER BLENDS * 9 2.4 POLYMER COMPOSITES * 10 2.5 CELLULAR POLYMERS * 10 2.6 ENGINEERED PLASTICS ----- 11 2.7 BIOPLASTICS ----- 11 2.8 IMPORTANT COMMON POLYMERS ----- 12 2.9 POLYMER DEGRADATION ----- 12 2.10 POLYMER WASTE DISPOSAL * 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 13 CHAPTER 3 TYPES OF POLYMERS * 15 3.1 COMMON POLYMERS ----- 15 3.1.1 POLYETHYLENES * 15 3.1.2 POLYSTYRENES * 16 3.1.3 POLYPROPYLENES * 17 3.1.4 POLYCARBONATES * 17 3.1.5 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ----- 19 3.1.6 POLYURETHANES * 19 3.1.7 MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE ------ 20 3.1.8 ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE * 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 22 VIII * CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS----- 23 4.1 IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTIES * 23 4.2 THERMAL PROPERTIES ----- 23 4.2.1 THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY ----- 23 4.2.2 LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION * 23 4.2.3 THERMAL DEGRADATION -----24 4.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -----24 4.3.1 TENSILE STRENGTH ----- 24 4.3.2 MELTING POINT ----- 24 4.3.3YOUNG * S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ----- 25 4.3.4 GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE ----- 25 4.3.5 MIXING BEHAVIOR ----- 25 4.3.6 POLYMER DEGRADATION * 26 4.3.7 DENSITY ----- 26 4.3.8 FATIGUE TESTS * 26 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS * 26 4.4.1 WATER ABSORPTION ----- 27 4.4.2 CHEMICAL DEGRADATION * 27 4.5 VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS * 27 4.5.1 DENSITY ----- 27 4.5.2 FIRMNESS ----- 28 4.5.3 TIME ----- 28 4.5.4 TEMPERATURE * 28 4.5.5 HUMIDITY ----- 28 4.6 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES * 29 4.7 OPTICAL PROPERTIES * 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY -----29 CHAPTER 5 ADDITIVES FOR POLYMERS * 31 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 WHAT ARE POLYMER ADDITIVES? ----- 31 EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON POLYMERS * 32 PLASTICIZING AGENTS * 33 PIGMENTS, DYES AND MASTERBATCHES * 33 STABILIZERS -----34 LUBRICANTS ----- 35 BLOWING AGENTS ----- 35 CATALYSTS ----- 35 INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES DURING PROCESSING * 35 DISCOLORATION AND DEGRADATION * 36 IMPROVING MOLDING PROCESSABILITY * 36 CONTENTS * IX 5.3.3 IMPROVING DURABILITY ----- 37 5.3.4 USE OF LUBRICANTS * 37 5.4 FUNCTIONS OF SOME ADDITIVES ------ 38 5.4.1 ANTIOXIDANTS -----38 5.4.2 ANTISTATIC AGENTS ------38 5.4.3 BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICIZERS * 38 5.4.4 BLOWING AGENTS -----39 5.4.5 EXTERNAL LUBRICANTS * 39 5.4.6 FILLERS/EXTENDERS ------ 39 5.4.7 FLAME RETARDANTS ------ 39 5.4.8 HEAT STABILIZERS ------ 39 5.4.9 IMPACT MODIFIERS ----- 40 5.4.10 LIGHT STABILIZERS ----- 40 5.4.11 COLORING AGENTS ----- 40 5.4.12 REINFORCEMENTS ------ 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 41 CHAPTER 6 USEFUL DATA FOR PROCESSING POLYMERS * 43 6.1 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS * 43 6.2 COLORING OF POLYMERS * 43 6.2.1 INTRODUCTION ------ 43 6.2.2 THEORY OF COLORS * 44 6.2.3 THE COLOR WHEEL ----- 44 6.2.4 PRIMARY COLORS ------ 45 6.2.5 SECONDARY COLORS * 45 6.2.6 TERTIARY COLORS ------ 45 6.2.7 WARM AND COOL COLORS ------ 45 6.2.8 TINTS, SHADES AND TONES ----- 46 6.3 PURGING COLORED MATERIAL FROM PRODUCTION MACHINERY * 46 6.3.1 MASTERBATCHES ----- 47 6.3.2 UNIVERSAL MASTERBATCHES * 47 6.3.3 LIQUID COLORANTS * 47 6.3.3.1 SPECIAL EFFECTS LIQUID COLORANTS * 48 6.3.4 PRECOLORED RESINS ----- 48 6.3.5 CUBE BLENDS * 48 6.3.6 COLORED SPECIALTY COMPOUNDS ----- 48 6.4 ELECTRICAL POWER CALCULATIONS * 49 6.5 COMPRESSED AIR ----- 50 6.6 WATER REQUIREMENTS * 51 6.7 SAFETY FACTORS * 51 6.8 QUALITY CONTROL ----- 52 X * CONTENTS 6.8.1 X-R CONTROL CHART ----- 53 6.8.2 P-CHART ----- 53 6.8.3 AN SPC SYSTEM IN OPERATION - AN EXAMPLE * 54 6.9 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE FOR MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT * 55 6.10 KEY FACTORS FOR A PROCESSING PLANT * 56 6.11 IN-HOUSE LABORATORY * 56 6.12 IN-HOUSE WORKSHOP ----- 57 6.13 GRANULATORS/SHREDDERS FOR RECYCLING PLASTIC WASTES * 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 58 CHAPTER 7 LEAN PROCESSING FOR EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY * 59 7.1 THE CONCEPT OF LEAN * 59 7.1.1 IDENTIFYING VALUE * 59 7.1.2 MAP THE VALUE STREAM * 59 7.1.3 CREATING FLOW * 60 7.1.4 ESTABLISH A PULL SYSTEM * 60 7.1.5 CONSTANT IMPROVEMENT * 60 7.1.6 LEAN VERSUS SIX SIGMA * 61 7.2 GUIDELINES TO THINKING LEAN * 61 7.2.1 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? * 61 7.2.2 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES * 62 7.2.3 PUSH-PULL SYSTEM -----63 7.2.4 KANBAN SYSTEM * 63 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 63 CHAPTER 8 PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR POLYMERS * 65 8.1 SOME COMMON SYSTEMS * 65 8.2 COMMON PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR THERMOFORMING RESINS * 65 8.2.1 EXTRUSION ----- 65 8.2.1.1 SOME TYPES OF COMMERCIAL EXTRUDERS * 68 8.2.1.2 CO-ROTATING INTERMESHING EXTRUDERS * 68 8.2.1.3 COUNTER-ROTATING NONINTERMESHING EXTRUDERS * 69 8.2.1.4 MAINTENANCE OF EXTRUDERS * 69 8.2.1.5 SOME NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN EXTRUSION * 70 8.2.1.6 RECOMMENDED SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES * 74 8.2.1.7 RECOMMENDED RESTART PROCEDURES * 74 8.2.2 INJECTION MOLDING * 75 8.2.2.1 STRUCTURAL WEB INJECTION MOLDING * 76 5.2.2.2 BENEFITS OF STRUCTURAL WEB PROCESSES * 77 8.2.23 STRUCTURAL FOAM INJECTION MOLDING ----- 78 CONTENTS XI 8.2.2.4 HAND-OPERATED INJECTION MOLDING ------ 79 8.2.3 BLOW MOLDING ----- 80 8.2.4 COMPRESSION MOLDING ----- 82 8.2.4.1 TRANSFER MOLDING ----- 84 8.2.4.2 APPLICATIONS ----- 85 8.2.43 MOLDING COMPOSITES BY COMPRESSION MOLDING * 85 8.2.5 DIP COATING ----- 86 8.2.5.1 DIP COATING VERSUS DIP MOLDING ----- 86 8.2.5.2 DIP COATING PROCEDURE ------- 86 8.2.53 HOT DIP COATING IN A FLUIDIZED BED ------87 5.2.5.4 HOT DIP COATING IN VINYL PLASTISOL * 87 5.2.5.5 POLYMER FLOCK SPRAYING ----- 87 8.2.6 VACUUM FORMING ----- 88 8.2.6.1 THE VACUUM FORMING PROCESS ----- 88 8.2.7 DIRECT COATING ----- 90 8.2.8 INDIRECT COATING * 91 8.2.9 ROTATIONAL MOLDING OR ROTOMOLDING ----- 92 8.2.9.1 SOLAR-POWERED ROTOMOLDING UNITS ------ 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY * 93 CHAPTER 9 PROCESSING OF LIQUID POLYMER FOAMING SYSTEMS * 95 9.1 FOAMING LIQUID POLYMERS ----- 95 9.1.1 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLASTISOL * 95 9.1.2 LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE FOAM ----- 96 9.13 INTEGRAL SKIN FOAM ------ 97 9.1.4 DIRECT MOLDED FOAM ------ 98 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 98 CHAPTER 10 SPECIALTY POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES * 99 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 WHAT ARE SPECIALTY POLYMERS? * 99 APPLICATIONS OF SPECIALTY POLYMERS * 100 GRAPHENE - PROPERTIES, PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS IN BRIEF * 100 GRAPHENE-POLYMER COMPOSITES * 100 GRAPHENE COMPOSITES CAN REDUCE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS * 102 FLUOROPOLYMER SPECIALTY INSULATION FOR EXTREME APPLICATION NEEDS * 102 10.7 10.8 10.8.1 10.8.2 POLYURETHANE SPECIALTY POLYMERS * 103 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS * 104 FLEXIBLE CONDUCTIVE FILM ----- 104 SOME LATEST AUTOMOTIVE SPECIALTY POLYMERS * 105 XII * CONTENTS 10.9 POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN * 105 10.10 REINFORCED POLYMERS WITH COFFEE CHAFF * 106 10.11 SPECIALTY POLYMER COMPOSITES * 106 10.12 SPECIALTY ENGINEERED COMPOSITES * 107 10.13 SPECIALTY POLYMER RESINS WITH RICE HULLS * 107 10.13.1 POLYMERIC COMPOSITES WITH RICE HULLS FOR INJECTION MOLDING * 108 10.13.2 RECOMMENDED PROCESSING GUIDELINES * 109 10.14 EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE WITH GRAPHITE * 110 10.15 POLYMERIC COMPOSITES WITH BAMBOO FIBERS * 111 10.16 NEW POLYLACTIC (PLA) GRADE FOR 3D PRINTING * 111 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 112 CHAPTER 11 THREE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR IMPORTANT PRODUCTS * 113 11.1 MOLDED EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PRODUCTS * 113 11.1.1 PREEXPANSION AND AGING * 114 11.1.2 CURING PHASE * 114 11.1.3 MOLDING PROCESS * 115 11.1.4 SHAPE MOLDING ----- 115 11.1.5 FABRICATION * 116 11.1.6 SOME EPS MOLDED PRODUCTS * 116 11.1.7 EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PROPERTIES AND KEY BENEFITS * 116 11.1.7.1 KEY BENEFITS * 116 11.1.7.2 PROPERTIES ----- 118 11.1.8 EPS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ----- 119 11.1.9 FOOD PACKAGING * 119 11.1.10 INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING * 119 11.1.11 SAFETY AND RECYCLABILITY * 120 11.1.12 EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE INSULATION * 120 11.1.13 THE EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR XEPS * 120 11.1.14 INSULATION PROPERTIES OF XEPS BOARDS * 121 11.2 MANUFACTURING PLANT FOR EPS PRODUCTS FOR AN ENTREPRENEUR * 121 11.2.1 THE PRODUCTS * 121 11.2.2 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT ----- 121 11.2.3 RAW MATERIAL * 123 11.2.4 PRODUCTION METHOD ------ 124 11.2.5 FABRICATION * 125 11.3 MANUFACTURE OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE RESINS * 125 11.3.1 TECHNOLOGY IN BRIEF ----- 125 11.3.2 RAW MATERIALS * 126 11.3.3 POLYMERS ----- 128 11.3.4 RICE HULLS * 128 CONTENTS * XIII 11.3.5 11.3.6 11.4 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 11.5 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.5.3 11.5.4 11.6 11.6.1 ADDITIVES ----- 129 PROCESSING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT ----- 129 MANUFACTURE OF PUR FLEXIBLE FOAM MATTRESSES * 131 THE RAW MATERIALS * 131 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT ----- 135 CALCULATING DENSITY * 136 CALCULATING INDENTATION FORCE DEFLECTION * 137 PUR FLEXIBLE FOAM MANUFACTURING METHODS * 137 MANUAL OPERATION * 137 MOLDS ----- 138 CUTTING AND FABRICATION * 139 PRODUCTION METHOD ----- 139 THE INTERMITTENT PROCESS TO MAKE LARGE FOAM BLOCKS * 140 PRODUCTION EXAMPLE - INTERMITTENT PROCESS * 142 BIBLIOGRAPHY ----- 144 APPENDIX A ----- 145 APPENDIX B * 147 APPENDIX C * 149 GLOSSARY * 151 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS * 155 INDEX * 157
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author	Defonseka, Chris
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author_facet	Defonseka, Chris
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discipline_str_mv	Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik
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id	DE-604.BV046919681
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T15:30:50Z
indexdate	2024-07-10T08:57:30Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)10095502-2
isbn	9783110656114 3110656116
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032328918
oclc_num	1220908836
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owner	DE-92 DE-573 DE-703
owner_facet	DE-92 DE-573 DE-703
physical	XIII, 159 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm x 17 cm
publishDate	2020
publishDateSearch	2020
publishDateSort	2020
publisher	De Gruyter
record_format	marc
series2	De Gruyter STEM
spelling	Defonseka, Chris Verfasser (DE-588)1193659418 aut Processing of polymers Chris Defonseka Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter [2020] XIII, 159 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm x 17 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier De Gruyter STEM Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 s DE-604 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG (DE-588)10095502-2 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-11-065642-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-11-065615-2 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032328918&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Defonseka, Chris Processing of polymers Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4114335-8
title	Processing of polymers
title_auth	Processing of polymers
title_exact_search	Processing of polymers
title_exact_search_txtP	Processing of polymers
title_full	Processing of polymers Chris Defonseka
title_fullStr	Processing of polymers Chris Defonseka
title_full_unstemmed	Processing of polymers Chris Defonseka
title_short	Processing of polymers
title_sort	processing of polymers
topic	Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd
topic_facet	Kunststoffverarbeitung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032328918&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT defonsekachris processingofpolymers AT walterdegruytergmbhcokg processingofpolymers

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