Innovations and challenges in grammar:
Part I. Where we came from: 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammar: Where did it all come from? -- 3. Eras of change and innovation: The eighteenth and nineteenth century -- Part II. Innovations and Challenges: 4. Grammar and the public, grammar for ELT -- 5. Innovation: Major new grammatical theories -- 6....
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge
2021
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Schriftenreihe: | Innovations and challenges in applied linguistics
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Part I. Where we came from: 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammar: Where did it all come from? -- 3. Eras of change and innovation: The eighteenth and nineteenth century -- Part II. Innovations and Challenges: 4. Grammar and the public, grammar for ELT -- 5. Innovation: Major new grammatical theories -- 6. Grammar as data: corpus linguistics -- 7. Grammar and discourse -- 8. Grammar, language teaching and language learning -- 9. Grammar at large "Innovations and Challenges in Grammar traces the history of common understandings of what grammar is and where it came from to demonstrate how 'rules' are anything but fixed and immutable. In doing so, it deconstructs the notion of 'correctness' to show how grammar changes over time thereby exposing the social and historical forces that mould and change usage. The questions that this book grapples with are: Can we separate grammar from the other features of the language system and get a handle on it as an independent entity? Why should there be strikingly different notions and models of grammar? Are they (in)compatible? Which one or ones fit(s) best the needs of applied linguists if we assume that applied linguists address real-world problems through the lens of language? And which one(s) could make most sense to non-specialists? If grammar is not a fixed entity but a set of usage norms in constant flux, how can we persuade other professionals and the general public that this is a positive observation rather than a threat to civilised behaviour? Drawing upon over 50 years of research, Michael McCarthy draws upon both historical and modern grammars from across the globe to provide a multi-layered picture of world grammar. This book will be useful to teachers and researchers of English as a first and second language, though the inclusion of examples from and occasional references to other languages (French, Spanish, Malay, Swedish, Russian, Welsh, Burmese, Japanese) is intended to broaden the appeal to teachers and researchers of other languages. This text will be of use to final-year undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students as well as secondary and tertiary level teachers and researchers"-- |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | xvi, 172 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
ISBN: | 9780367198350 9780367198367 |
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520 | 3 | |a "Innovations and Challenges in Grammar traces the history of common understandings of what grammar is and where it came from to demonstrate how 'rules' are anything but fixed and immutable. In doing so, it deconstructs the notion of 'correctness' to show how grammar changes over time thereby exposing the social and historical forces that mould and change usage. The questions that this book grapples with are: Can we separate grammar from the other features of the language system and get a handle on it as an independent entity? Why should there be strikingly different notions and models of grammar? Are they (in)compatible? Which one or ones fit(s) best the needs of applied linguists if we assume that applied linguists address real-world problems through the lens of language? And which one(s) could make most sense to non-specialists? If grammar is not a fixed entity but a set of usage norms in constant flux, how can we persuade other professionals and the general public that this is a positive observation rather than a threat to civilised behaviour? Drawing upon over 50 years of research, Michael McCarthy draws upon both historical and modern grammars from across the globe to provide a multi-layered picture of world grammar. This book will be useful to teachers and researchers of English as a first and second language, though the inclusion of examples from and occasional references to other languages (French, Spanish, Malay, Swedish, Russian, Welsh, Burmese, Japanese) is intended to broaden the appeal to teachers and researchers of other languages. This text will be of use to final-year undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students as well as secondary and tertiary level teachers and researchers"-- | |
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adam_text | CONTENTS Ստէ of illustrations Preface Acknowledgements PART I Where we came from 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The first challenge: defining grammar 3 The challenge of a historical perspective 5 The lay perspective 5 English grammar and the EĽT perspeđive 6 1.5 Innovation in grammar 8 1.6 Corpus linguistics 9 1.7 Varieties and variation 11 1.8 Technologies 12 2 Grammar: Where did it all come from? 2.1 2.2. 2.3 2.4 Earliest origins 13 Greek and Latin grammars 14 Antiquity beyond Europe 18 The Middle Ages: the Modistae and universal grammar 19
x Contents 2.5 English grammar: Bullokar 19 2.6 Universal grammar again: The Port-Royal grammar 23 2Л Conclusion 23 3 Eras of change and innovation: The 18th and 19th century 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 The 18th century: Enlightenment 26 3.3 The mid-18th century 28 3.4 Closing the century: the forgotten grammarians 31 3.5 The 19th century: new era, new grammars 32 3.6 Murray’s grammar 33 ЗЛ Grammar and social class: William Cobbett 34 3.8 America: Goold Brown 35 3.9 Ending the century: Sweet and Nesfield 36 3.10 Culture and mindset 31 3.11 Conclusion 39 3.12 Challenges: a summary 41 PART II Innovations and Challenges 4 Grammar and the public, grammar for ELT 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Grammar and the public: usage manuals and handbooks 46 4.3 The outsider’s perspective: reference grammars and language learning 49 4.4 Grammar for English language teaching 53 4.5 Structuralism: linguistic science meets the science of language teaching 58 4.6 Berlitz, fames Joyce and me 61 4.7 New technologies, great events 63 5 Innovation: Major new grammatical theories 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Noam Chomsky and his grammar 66 Transformations 68 Competence and performance 69 Deep and surface structure 70 Acquisition ofgrammar 71 The plausibility of TG 71
5.7 Innovation in British grammar: f. R. Firth and the neo-Firthians 74 5.8 Halliday s grammar 77 5.9 The clause 79 5.10 Systems 81 5.11 Language and society 82 5.12 Holliday s enduring influence 83 5.13 Conclusion 83 6 Grammar as data: Corpus linguistics 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Let the data speak 85 Grammar in corpora 87 Grammar and frequency 87 Concordance, pattern and meaning 90 Spoken and written grammar 94 The get-passive: pattern and context 94 6.7 Like 97 6.8 Grammaticalisation and the evidence of spoken corpora 98 6.9 Grammaticalisation: You know and I think 100 6.10 The significance ofgrammaticalisation 100 6.11 Emergent grammar 102 6.12 Conclusion 103 7 Grammar and discourse 7.1 Beyond the sentence 107 7.2 Discourse analysis and textual cohesion 108 7.3 Cohesion and speaking turns: conjunction 110 7.4 Ellipsis 113 7.5 Heads or tails? 114 7.6 Grammar in spoken and written discourse analysis 118 7.7 Special discourses, special grammars 119 7.8 Taking the turn 120 7.9 Grammar, discourse and co-construction 124 7.10 Conclusion 125 8 Grammar, language teaching and language learning 8.1 The canon 126 8.2 Make no mistake 130 8.3 Outside the black box: from grammar to grammaring 133
Contents 8.4 Staying outside the black box: Learners, grammaring and corpora 135 8.5 Conclusion 136 9 Grammar at large 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 137 Variety: standard and non-standard 137 Grammatical change 139 Americanisation 142 Grammar and moral panic 143 Conclusion: re-wilding the grammatical environment 145 References Index 149 167
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CONTENTS Ստէ of illustrations Preface Acknowledgements PART I Where we came from 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The first challenge: defining grammar 3 The challenge of a historical perspective 5 The lay perspective 5 English grammar and the EĽT perspeđive 6 1.5 Innovation in grammar 8 1.6 Corpus linguistics 9 1.7 Varieties and variation 11 1.8 Technologies 12 2 Grammar: Where did it all come from? 2.1 2.2. 2.3 2.4 Earliest origins 13 Greek and Latin grammars 14 Antiquity beyond Europe 18 The Middle Ages: the Modistae and universal grammar 19
x Contents 2.5 English grammar: Bullokar 19 2.6 Universal grammar again: The Port-Royal grammar 23 2Л Conclusion 23 3 Eras of change and innovation: The 18th and 19th century 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 The 18th century: Enlightenment 26 3.3 The mid-18th century 28 3.4 Closing the century: the forgotten grammarians 31 3.5 The 19th century: new era, new grammars 32 3.6 Murray’s grammar 33 ЗЛ Grammar and social class: William Cobbett 34 3.8 America: Goold Brown 35 3.9 Ending the century: Sweet and Nesfield 36 3.10 Culture and mindset 31 3.11 Conclusion 39 3.12 Challenges: a summary 41 PART II Innovations and Challenges 4 Grammar and the public, grammar for ELT 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Grammar and the public: usage manuals and handbooks 46 4.3 The outsider’s perspective: reference grammars and language learning 49 4.4 Grammar for English language teaching 53 4.5 Structuralism: linguistic science meets the science of language teaching 58 4.6 Berlitz, fames Joyce and me 61 4.7 New technologies, great events 63 5 Innovation: Major new grammatical theories 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Noam Chomsky and his grammar 66 Transformations 68 Competence and performance 69 Deep and surface structure 70 Acquisition ofgrammar 71 The plausibility of TG 71
5.7 Innovation in British grammar: f. R. Firth and the neo-Firthians 74 5.8 Halliday's grammar 77 5.9 The clause 79 5.10 Systems 81 5.11 Language and society 82 5.12 Holliday's enduring influence 83 5.13 Conclusion 83 6 Grammar as data: Corpus linguistics 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Let the data speak 85 Grammar in corpora 87 Grammar and frequency 87 Concordance, pattern and meaning 90 Spoken and written grammar 94 The get-passive: pattern and context 94 6.7 Like 97 6.8 Grammaticalisation and the evidence of spoken corpora 98 6.9 Grammaticalisation: You know and I think 100 6.10 The significance ofgrammaticalisation 100 6.11 Emergent grammar 102 6.12 Conclusion 103 7 Grammar and discourse 7.1 Beyond the sentence 107 7.2 Discourse analysis and textual cohesion 108 7.3 Cohesion and speaking turns: conjunction 110 7.4 Ellipsis 113 7.5 Heads or tails? 114 7.6 Grammar in spoken and written discourse analysis 118 7.7 Special discourses, special grammars 119 7.8 Taking the turn 120 7.9 Grammar, discourse and co-construction 124 7.10 Conclusion 125 8 Grammar, language teaching and language learning 8.1 The canon 126 8.2 Make no mistake 130 8.3 Outside the black box: from grammar to grammaring 133
Contents 8.4 Staying outside the black box: Learners, grammaring and corpora 135 8.5 Conclusion 136 9 Grammar at large 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 137 Variety: standard and non-standard 137 Grammatical change 139 Americanisation 142 Grammar and moral panic 143 Conclusion: re-wilding the grammatical environment 145 References Index 149 167 |
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spelling | McCarthy, Michael 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)124352286 aut Innovations and challenges in grammar Michael McCarthy London ; New York Routledge 2021 xvi, 172 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Innovations and challenges in applied linguistics Includes bibliographical references and index Part I. Where we came from: 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammar: Where did it all come from? -- 3. Eras of change and innovation: The eighteenth and nineteenth century -- Part II. Innovations and Challenges: 4. Grammar and the public, grammar for ELT -- 5. Innovation: Major new grammatical theories -- 6. Grammar as data: corpus linguistics -- 7. Grammar and discourse -- 8. Grammar, language teaching and language learning -- 9. Grammar at large "Innovations and Challenges in Grammar traces the history of common understandings of what grammar is and where it came from to demonstrate how 'rules' are anything but fixed and immutable. In doing so, it deconstructs the notion of 'correctness' to show how grammar changes over time thereby exposing the social and historical forces that mould and change usage. The questions that this book grapples with are: Can we separate grammar from the other features of the language system and get a handle on it as an independent entity? Why should there be strikingly different notions and models of grammar? Are they (in)compatible? Which one or ones fit(s) best the needs of applied linguists if we assume that applied linguists address real-world problems through the lens of language? And which one(s) could make most sense to non-specialists? If grammar is not a fixed entity but a set of usage norms in constant flux, how can we persuade other professionals and the general public that this is a positive observation rather than a threat to civilised behaviour? Drawing upon over 50 years of research, Michael McCarthy draws upon both historical and modern grammars from across the globe to provide a multi-layered picture of world grammar. This book will be useful to teachers and researchers of English as a first and second language, though the inclusion of examples from and occasional references to other languages (French, Spanish, Malay, Swedish, Russian, Welsh, Burmese, Japanese) is intended to broaden the appeal to teachers and researchers of other languages. This text will be of use to final-year undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students as well as secondary and tertiary level teachers and researchers"-- Kontrastive Grammatik (DE-588)4073706-8 gnd rswk-swf Grammar, Comparative and general Language and languages / Grammars Language and languages / Philosophy Kontrastive Grammatik (DE-588)4073706-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-429-24356-1 (DE-604)BV047016712 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032325887&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | McCarthy, Michael 1947- Innovations and challenges in grammar Kontrastive Grammatik (DE-588)4073706-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4073706-8 |
title | Innovations and challenges in grammar |
title_auth | Innovations and challenges in grammar |
title_exact_search | Innovations and challenges in grammar |
title_exact_search_txtP | Innovations and challenges in grammar |
title_full | Innovations and challenges in grammar Michael McCarthy |
title_fullStr | Innovations and challenges in grammar Michael McCarthy |
title_full_unstemmed | Innovations and challenges in grammar Michael McCarthy |
title_short | Innovations and challenges in grammar |
title_sort | innovations and challenges in grammar |
topic | Kontrastive Grammatik (DE-588)4073706-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Kontrastive Grammatik |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032325887&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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