A grammar of Thakali:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
München
LINCOM GmbH
2020
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Languages of the world/materials
513 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 197 Seiten 1 Karte |
| ISBN: | 9783969390122 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 001 | BV046907030 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20201216 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 200921s2020 gw |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 015 | |a 20,N29 |2 dnb | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 1213593468 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 9783969390122 |9 978-3-96939-012-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1199067264 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB1213593468 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BY | ||
| 049 | |a DE-29 |a DE-11 |a DE-19 |a DE-12 |a DE-355 | ||
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| 084 | |a 490 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Regmi, Dan Raj |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1029674574 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Thakali |c Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Regmi & Omkar Prasad Gauchan |
| 264 | 1 | |a München |b LINCOM GmbH |c 2020 | |
| 300 | |a xi, 197 Seiten |b 1 Karte | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Languages of the world/materials |v 513 | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Thakali-Sprache |0 (DE-588)4446825-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Bodish languages | ||
| 653 | |a Grammatik | ||
| 653 | |a Sino-Tibetanisch | ||
| 653 | |a Tibeto-Burmesisch | ||
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Thakali-Sprache |0 (DE-588)4446825-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Regmi, Ambika |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1044735481 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gauchan, Omkar Prasad |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1219151963 |4 aut | |
| 710 | 2 | |a LINCOM Europa (München) |0 (DE-588)5300573-9 |4 pbl | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Languages of the world/materials |v 513 |w (DE-604)BV009896757 |9 513 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032316571&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032316571 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804181784187895808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | II
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST
OF
TABLES
I
IX
LIST
OF
FIGURES
AND
DIAGRAMS
X
LIST
OF
MAPS
X
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER
1:
INTRODUCTION
1
LI
BACKGROUND
1
1.2
GENETIC
AFFILIATION
1
1.3
ORIGIN
AND
HISTORY
2
1.4
GEO-LINGUISTIC
SITUATION
2
1.5
LANGUAGE
VITALITY
3
1.5.1
PATTERNS
OF
LANGUAGE
USE
3
1.5.2
BILINGUALISM
AND
THE
MOTHER
TONGUE
PROFICIENCY
4
1.5.3
LANGUAGE
MAINTENANCE
AND
THE
ATTITUDES
5
1.5.4
DIALECTAL
SITUATION
5
1.5.5
ASPIRATION
FOR
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
6
1.6
PEOPLE
AND
OCCUPATION
6
1.7
TRADITION
AND
CULTURE
7
1.8
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
7
1.8.1
FUNCTIONAL
APPROACH
TO
LANGUAGE
8
1.8.2
TYPOLOGICAL
APPROACH
TO
GRAMMAR
9
1.9
DATABASE
AND
ANALYSIS
10
1.10
PREVIOUS
WORKS
10
1.11
GOALS
AND
ORGANIZATION
13
CHAPTER
2:
PHONOLOGY
14
2.0
OUTLINE
14
2.1
CONSONANT
PHONEMES
14
2.1.1
SEGMENTAL
CONSONANT
PHONEMES
14
2.1.2
PHONOLOGICAL
OPPOSITIONS
IN
CONSONANTS
15
2.1.3
DISTRIBUTION
OF
SEGMENTAL
CONSONANTS
17
2.1.4
CONSONANT
CLUSTERS
19
2.2
SEGMENTAL
VOWEL
PHONEMES
20
2.2.1
ORAL
MONOPHTHONGS
21
2.2.2
PHONOLOGICAL
OPPOSITIONS
IN
VOWELS
21
2.2.3
DISTRIBUTION
OF
ORAL
MONOPHTHONGS
22
2.2.4
DIPHTHONGS
23
2.3
SYLLABLE
STRUCTURE
23
2.3.1
SYLLABLE
PATTERNS
23
2.3.2
SYLLABLE
WEIGHT
24
2.3.3
COMPLEX
ONSET
24
2.4
SUPRASEGMENTAL
FEATURES
25
2.4.1
TONES
25
2.4.2
STRESS
26
2.4.3
INTONATION
26
2.5
MORPHOPHONEMICS
27
2.5.1
ASSIMILATION
PROCESS
27
2.5.2
COALESCENCE
PROCESS
28
2.5.3
DELETION
PROCESS
28
2.5.4 EPENTHESIS
PROCESS
28
2.6
ORTHOGRAPHY
29
2.6.1
PRESENT
PRACTICE
29
2.6.2
PROBLEMS
IN
WRITING
30
2.6.3
SOLVING
THE
PROBLEMS
30
2.7
SUMMARY
31
CHAPTER
3:
MAJOR
LEXICAL
WORD
CLASSES
32
3.0
OUTLINE
32
3.1
PROPERTIES
OF
NOUNS
32
3.1.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
32
3.1.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
37
3.1.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
39
3.2
PROPERTIES
OF
VERBS
40
3.2.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
40
3.2.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
41
3.2.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
43
3.2.4
SEMANTICO-SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
45
3.3
PROPERTIES
OF
ADJECTIVES
47
3.3.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
47
3.3.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
50
3.3.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
50
3.4
PROPERTIES
OF
ADVERBS
51
3.4.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
51
3.4.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
53
3.4.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
54
3.5
SUMMARY
55
CHAPTER
4:
MINOR
LEXICAL
WORD
CLASSES
56
4.0
OUTLINE
56
4.1
ADPOSITIONS
56
4.2
DETERMINERS
57
4.2.1
DEMONSTRATIVES
57
4.2.2
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
57
4.3
INDEPENDENT
SUBJECT
AND
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
58
4.3.1
INDEPENDENT
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
58
4.3.2
INDEPENDENT
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
59
4.4
INTER-CLAUSAL
CONNECTIVES
60
4.4.1
CONJUNCTIONS
60
4.4.2
SUBORDINATES
60
4.5
QUANTIFIERS,,
NUMERALS
AND
ORDINALS
61
4.5.1
QUANTIFIERS
61
4.5.2
NUMERALS
62
4.5.3
ORDINALS
66
4.6
AUXILIARY
VERBS
66
III
IV
4.7
DISCOURSE
PARTICLES
AND
INTERJECTIONS
67
4.7.1
DISCOURSE
PARTICLES
67
4.7.2
INTERJECTIONS
67
4.8
SUMMARY
67
CHAPTER
5:
SIMPLE
VERBAL
CLAUSES
AND
ARGUMENT
STRUCTURE
69
5.0
OUTLINE
69
5.1
SEMANTIC
FRAMES
OF
PARTICIPANT
ROLES
69
5.2
SYNTACTIC
FRAME
OF
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
71
5.3
SIMPLE
VERBAL
CLAUSES
72
5.3.1
DUMMY-SUBJECT
CLAUSES
72
5.3.2
COPULAR
CLAUSES
73
5.3.3
SIMPLE
INTRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
74
5.3.4
SIMPLE
TRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
75
5.3.5
INTRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
WITH
AN
INDIRECT
OBJECT
77
5.3.6
BI-TRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
78
5.3.7
VERBAL
COMPLEMENT
CLAUSES
79
5.4
MAPPING
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
AND
SEMANTIC
ROLES
81
5.5
SUMMARY
82
CHAPTER
6:
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
AND
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
83
6.0
OUTLINE
83
6.1
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
VS.
SEMANTIC
ROLES
83
6.2
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
84
6.2.1
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
SUBJECTS
84
6.2.2
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
DIRECT
OBJECTS
85
6.2.3
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
INDIRECT
OBJECTS
85
6.3
BEHAVIORAL
PROPERTIES
86
6.3.1
PROMOTION
TO
DIRECT
OBJECT
86
6.3.2
PASSIVIZATION
86
6.3.3
REFLEXIVIZATION
87
6.3.4
CAUSATIVIZATION
87
6.3.5
CONTROL
OF
EQUI-NP
DELETION
88
6.3.6
CONTROL
OF
ZERO
ANAPHORA
IN
CHAINED
CLAUSES
88
6.3.7
CONTROL
OF
RELATIVIZATION
89
6.4
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
89
6.4.1
GRAMMATICAL
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
89
6.4.2
SEMANTIC
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
90
6.4.3
VARIATION
IN
CASE
MARKING
93
6.5
SUMMARY
93
CHAPTER
7:
WORD
ORDER
94
7.0
OUTLINE
94
7.1
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
SIMPLE
CLAUSES
94
7.1.1
RIGIDITY
IN
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
SIMPLE
CLAUSES
94
7.1.2
FLEXIBILITY
IN
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
SIMPLE
CLAUSES
95
7.2
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
NOUN
PHRASE
95
7.2.1
ORDER
OF
SIMPLE
MODIFIERS
IN
THE
NOUN
PHRASE
96
7.2.2
ORDER
OF
COMPLEX
MODIFIERS
IN
THE
NOUN
PHRASE
96
7.3
WORD
ORDER
AND
BOUND
MORPHOLOGY
97
7.4
SUMMARY
97
CHAPTER
8:
TENSE,
ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
98
8.0
OUTLINE
98
8.1
EGOPHORICITY
98
8.2
CODING
TENSE-ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
98
8.2.1
VERBAL
MORPHOLOGY
98
8.2.2
AUXILIARY
VERBS
99
8.2.3
COMBINATION
OF
MORPHOLOGY
AND
AUXILIARY
VERBS
101
8.3
TENSE-ASPECT
101
8.3.1
PERFECTIVE
101
8.3.2
IMPERFECTIVE
103
8.4
MODALITY
105
8.4.1
EPISTEMIC
MODALITY
106
8.4.2
EVALUATIVE
MODALITY
108
8.5
INTERSECTION
OF
TENSE,
ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
108
8.5.1
INTERSECTION
BETWEEN
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
108
8.5.2
INTERSECTION
BETWEEN
TENSE
AND
MODALITY
109
8.5.3
INTERSECTION
BETWEEN
ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
109
8.6
SOME
INNOVATIONS
IN
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
110
8.6.1
INNOVATIONS
IN
TENSE
110
8.6.2
INNOVATIONS
IN
ASPECT
110
8.7
SUMMARY
110
CHAPTER
9:
NON-DECLARATIVE
SPEECH
ACTS
AND
DE-TRANSITIVE
VOICE
112
9.0
OUTLINE
112
9.1
INTERROGATIVE
SPEECH
ACTS
112
9.1.1
POLAR
INTERROGATIVES
112
9.1.2
DISJUNCTIVE
INTERROGATIVES
113
9.1.3
NEUTRAL
INTERROGATIVES
113
9.1.4
CONSTITUENT
INTERROGATIVES
114
9.2
MANIPULATIVE
SPEECH
ACTS
116
9.2.1
IMPERATIVES
116
9.2.2
OPTATIVES
117
9.2.3
HORTATIVES
118
9.3
SEMANTIC
DE-TRANSITIVE
VOICE
CONSTRUCTIONS
118
9.3.1
REFLEXIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
118
9.3.2
RECIPROCAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
119
9.4
PRAGMATIC
DE-TRANSITIVE
VOICE
CONSTRUCTIONS
120
9.5
SUMMARY
120
CHAPTER
10:
NOUN
PHRASES
AND
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
122
10.0
OUTLINE
122
10.1
HEADS
AND
MODIFIERS
OF
NOUN
PHRASES
122
10.1.1
PRE-MODIFIERS
122
10.1.2
POST-MODIFIERS
123
V
10.2
TYPES
OF
NOUN
PHRASES
123
10.2.1
SIMPLEX
NOUN
PHRASE
123
10.2.2
COMPLEX
NOUN
PHRASE
124
10.3
TYPES
OF
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
127
10.3.1
NOMINALIZED
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
127
10.3.2
RELATIVE-CORRELATIVE
CLAUSES
128
10.4
FUNCTIONAL
AND
SYNTACTIC
DIMENSIONS
128
10.4.1
FUNCTIONAL
DIMENSIONS
128
10.4.2
SYNTACTIC
DIMENSIONS
129
10.5
SUMMARY
130
CHAPTER
11:
CONTRASTIVE
FOCUS,
MARKED
TOPIC
AND
REFERENTIAL
COHERENCE
131
11.0
OUTLINE
131
11.1
CONTRASTIVE
FOCUS
CONSTRUCTIONS
131
11.1.1
CONTRASTIVE
STRESS
(STRESS-FOCUS)
131
11.1.2
WORD
ORDER
AND
STRESS
131
11.1.3
MORPHOLOGY
132
11.1.4
OTHER
FOCUS
ATTRACTING
DEVICES
132
11.2
MARKED
TOPIC
CONSTRUCTIONS
132
11.2.1
Y-MOVEMENT
133
11.2.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
DEVICES
133
11.3
REFERENTIAL
COHERENCE
133
11.3.1
ZERO
ANAPHORA
134
11.3.2
UNSTRESSED
ANAPHORIC
PRONOUNS
134
11.3.3
STRESSED
INDEPENDENT
PRONOUNS
134
11.3.4
DEFINITE
FULL-NPS
135
11.3.5
DEFINITENESS
136
11.4
SUMMARY
136
CHAPTER
12:
CLAUSE
UNION
AND
INTER-CLAUSE
COHERENCE
137
12.0
OUTLINE
137
12.1
CLAUSE
UNION
137
12.1.1
INFINITIVAL
VERBAL
COMPLEMENTS
137
12.1.2
CAUSATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13
7
12.2
ADVERBIAL
SUBORDINATE
CLAUSES
139
12.2.1
TEMPORAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
139
12.2.2
CONDITIONAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
139
12.2.3
REASON
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
140
12.2.4
CONCESSIVE
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
140
12.2.5
PURPOSE
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.2.6
LOCATION
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.2.7
MANNER
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.2.8
PARTICIPIAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.3
CONJOINED
( CHAINED )
CLAUSES
142
12.3.1
CONFIRMATIVE
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
142
12.3.2
CONTRASTIVE
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
143
12.3.3
DISJUNCTIVE
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
143
12.3.4
EXCLUDING
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
144
12.4
SUMMARY
144
VI
145
CHAPTER
13:
TYPOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
AND
IMPLICATIONS
13.0
OUTLINE
13.1
PHONOLOGY
(
*
SENSORY-MOTOR
CODE
*)
13.1.1
SEGMENTAL
CONSONANTS
13.1.2
SEGMENTAL
VOWELS
13.1.3
SYLLABLE
STRUCTURES
13.1.4
SUPRASEGMENTS
13.2
THE
GRAMMATICAL
CODE
13.2.1
ERGATIVE
MARKING
13.2.2
DIFFERENTIAL
OBJECT
MARKING
13.2.3
BENEFACTIVE
MARKING
13.2.4
GENDER
MARKING
13.2.5
NUMBER
MARKING
13.2.6
NUMERAL
CLASSIFIERS
13.2.7
MARKING
INCLUSIVE-EXCLUSIVE
13.2.8
NOMINALIZATION
13.2.9
COMPOUNDING
13.2.10
INTONATION
AND
STRESS
13.2.11
HONORIFICITY
13.2.12
SEQUENTIAL
ORDER
OF
WORDS
OR
MORPHEMES
13.2.13
MARKING
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
13.2.14
EVIDENTIALLY
MARKING
13.2.15
VERBAL
AGREEMENT/CONCORD
13.2.16
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
ORGANIZATION
13.2.17
DEPENDENT
MARKING
13.2.18
MARKING
NOMINALIZED
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.19
MARKING
CAUSATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.20
MARKING
PARTICIPIAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSE
13.2.21
MARKING
IMPERATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.22
MARKING
INTERROGATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.23
MARKING
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.24
MARKING
NEGATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.25
MARKING
REFLEXIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.26
MARKING
RECIPROCAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.27
MARKING
PASSIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.28
MARKING
MARKED
TOPIC
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.29
MARKING
CONTRASTIVE
FOCUS
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.3
IMPLICATIONS
13.3.1
DESCRIPTIVE
ADEQUACY
13.3.2
PRAGMATIC
ADEQUACY
13.3.3
COGNITIVE
ADEQUACY
13.3.4
TYPOLOGICAL
ADEQUACY
13.3.5
EXPLANATORY
ADEQUACY
13.4
CONCLUSION
145
145
145
146
146
146
147
148
148
148
148
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150
150
150
151
151
151
151
151
152
152
152
152
152
152
153
153
153
153
154
155
155
155
156
156
156
ANNEXES
157
ANNEX
A:
SAMPLE
INTERLINEARIZED
TEXTS
TEXT
1.1:
A
GREEDY
BOY
157
157
VII
TEXT
1.2:
TEXT
1.3:
TEXT
1.4:
TEXT
1.5:
TEXT
1.6:
TEXT
1.7:
TEXT
1.8:
ANNEX
B:
ANNEX
C:
ANNEX
D:
ANNEX
E:
ANNEX
F:
ANNEX
G:
ANNEX
H:
ANNEX
1:
REFERENCES
A
CONVERSATION
LIFE
OF
LORD
BUDDHA
A
STORY
OF
A
GREEDY
DOG
LIFE
EXPERIENCE
BARBA
BARSE
MELA
THAKALI
LANGUAGE
AND
PEOPLE
THAKALI
PROVERBS
SPECIALIZED
WORDLISTS
CASE
CLITICS
USED
WITH
THE
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
INDEX
OF
THE
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHEMES
IN
THAKALI
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHOLOGY
OF
NOUNS
IN
WEST
BODISH
FINITE
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHOLOGY
OF
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
NON-FINITE
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHOLOGY
OF
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
IDENTITY/EQNATIONAL
COPULAR
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
LOCATION
AND
ATTRIBUTION/EXISTENTIAL
COPULAR
VERBS/AUXILIARY
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
158
163
173
175
180
181
183
185
191
191
192
193
193
194
194
195
VIII
|
| adam_txt |
II
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST
OF
TABLES
I
IX
LIST
OF
FIGURES
AND
DIAGRAMS
X
LIST
OF
MAPS
X
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER
1:
INTRODUCTION
1
LI
BACKGROUND
1
1.2
GENETIC
AFFILIATION
1
1.3
ORIGIN
AND
HISTORY
2
1.4
GEO-LINGUISTIC
SITUATION
2
1.5
LANGUAGE
VITALITY
3
1.5.1
PATTERNS
OF
LANGUAGE
USE
3
1.5.2
BILINGUALISM
AND
THE
MOTHER
TONGUE
PROFICIENCY
4
1.5.3
LANGUAGE
MAINTENANCE
AND
THE
ATTITUDES
5
1.5.4
DIALECTAL
SITUATION
5
1.5.5
ASPIRATION
FOR
LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
6
1.6
PEOPLE
AND
OCCUPATION
6
1.7
TRADITION
AND
CULTURE
7
1.8
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
7
1.8.1
FUNCTIONAL
APPROACH
TO
LANGUAGE
8
1.8.2
TYPOLOGICAL
APPROACH
TO
GRAMMAR
9
1.9
DATABASE
AND
ANALYSIS
10
1.10
PREVIOUS
WORKS
10
1.11
GOALS
AND
ORGANIZATION
13
CHAPTER
2:
PHONOLOGY
14
2.0
OUTLINE
14
2.1
CONSONANT
PHONEMES
14
2.1.1
SEGMENTAL
CONSONANT
PHONEMES
14
2.1.2
PHONOLOGICAL
OPPOSITIONS
IN
CONSONANTS
15
2.1.3
DISTRIBUTION
OF
SEGMENTAL
CONSONANTS
17
2.1.4
CONSONANT
CLUSTERS
19
2.2
SEGMENTAL
VOWEL
PHONEMES
20
2.2.1
ORAL
MONOPHTHONGS
21
2.2.2
PHONOLOGICAL
OPPOSITIONS
IN
VOWELS
21
2.2.3
DISTRIBUTION
OF
ORAL
MONOPHTHONGS
22
2.2.4
DIPHTHONGS
23
2.3
SYLLABLE
STRUCTURE
23
2.3.1
SYLLABLE
PATTERNS
23
2.3.2
SYLLABLE
WEIGHT
24
2.3.3
COMPLEX
ONSET
24
2.4
SUPRASEGMENTAL
FEATURES
25
2.4.1
TONES
25
2.4.2
STRESS
26
2.4.3
INTONATION
26
2.5
MORPHOPHONEMICS
27
2.5.1
ASSIMILATION
PROCESS
27
2.5.2
COALESCENCE
PROCESS
28
2.5.3
DELETION
PROCESS
28
2.5.4 EPENTHESIS
PROCESS
28
2.6
ORTHOGRAPHY
29
2.6.1
PRESENT
PRACTICE
29
2.6.2
PROBLEMS
IN
WRITING
30
2.6.3
SOLVING
THE
PROBLEMS
30
2.7
SUMMARY
31
CHAPTER
3:
MAJOR
LEXICAL
WORD
CLASSES
32
3.0
OUTLINE
32
3.1
PROPERTIES
OF
NOUNS
32
3.1.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
32
3.1.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
37
3.1.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
39
3.2
PROPERTIES
OF
VERBS
40
3.2.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
40
3.2.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
41
3.2.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
43
3.2.4
SEMANTICO-SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
45
3.3
PROPERTIES
OF
ADJECTIVES
47
3.3.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
47
3.3.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
50
3.3.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
50
3.4
PROPERTIES
OF
ADVERBS
51
3.4.1
SEMANTIC
PROPERTIES
51
3.4.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
53
3.4.3
SYNTACTIC
PROPERTIES
54
3.5
SUMMARY
55
CHAPTER
4:
MINOR
LEXICAL
WORD
CLASSES
56
4.0
OUTLINE
56
4.1
ADPOSITIONS
56
4.2
DETERMINERS
57
4.2.1
DEMONSTRATIVES
57
4.2.2
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
57
4.3
INDEPENDENT
SUBJECT
AND
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
58
4.3.1
INDEPENDENT
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
58
4.3.2
INDEPENDENT
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
59
4.4
INTER-CLAUSAL
CONNECTIVES
60
4.4.1
CONJUNCTIONS
60
4.4.2
SUBORDINATES
60
4.5
QUANTIFIERS,,
NUMERALS
AND
ORDINALS
61
4.5.1
QUANTIFIERS
61
4.5.2
NUMERALS
62
4.5.3
ORDINALS
66
4.6
AUXILIARY
VERBS
66
III
IV
4.7
DISCOURSE
PARTICLES
AND
INTERJECTIONS
67
4.7.1
DISCOURSE
PARTICLES
67
4.7.2
INTERJECTIONS
67
4.8
SUMMARY
67
CHAPTER
5:
SIMPLE
VERBAL
CLAUSES
AND
ARGUMENT
STRUCTURE
69
5.0
OUTLINE
69
5.1
SEMANTIC
FRAMES
OF
PARTICIPANT
ROLES
69
5.2
SYNTACTIC
FRAME
OF
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
71
5.3
SIMPLE
VERBAL
CLAUSES
72
5.3.1
DUMMY-SUBJECT
CLAUSES
72
5.3.2
COPULAR
CLAUSES
73
5.3.3
SIMPLE
INTRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
74
5.3.4
SIMPLE
TRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
75
5.3.5
INTRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
WITH
AN
INDIRECT
OBJECT
77
5.3.6
BI-TRANSITIVE
CLAUSES
78
5.3.7
VERBAL
COMPLEMENT
CLAUSES
79
5.4
MAPPING
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
AND
SEMANTIC
ROLES
81
5.5
SUMMARY
82
CHAPTER
6:
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
AND
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
83
6.0
OUTLINE
83
6.1
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
VS.
SEMANTIC
ROLES
83
6.2
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
RELATIONS
84
6.2.1
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
SUBJECTS
84
6.2.2
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
DIRECT
OBJECTS
85
6.2.3
CODING
PROPERTIES
OF
GRAMMATICAL
INDIRECT
OBJECTS
85
6.3
BEHAVIORAL
PROPERTIES
86
6.3.1
PROMOTION
TO
DIRECT
OBJECT
86
6.3.2
PASSIVIZATION
86
6.3.3
REFLEXIVIZATION
87
6.3.4
CAUSATIVIZATION
87
6.3.5
CONTROL
OF
EQUI-NP
DELETION
88
6.3.6
CONTROL
OF
ZERO
ANAPHORA
IN
CHAINED
CLAUSES
88
6.3.7
CONTROL
OF
RELATIVIZATION
89
6.4
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
89
6.4.1
GRAMMATICAL
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
89
6.4.2
SEMANTIC
CASE-ROLES
MARKING
90
6.4.3
VARIATION
IN
CASE
MARKING
93
6.5
SUMMARY
93
CHAPTER
7:
WORD
ORDER
94
7.0
OUTLINE
94
7.1
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
SIMPLE
CLAUSES
94
7.1.1
RIGIDITY
IN
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
SIMPLE
CLAUSES
94
7.1.2
FLEXIBILITY
IN
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
SIMPLE
CLAUSES
95
7.2
WORD
ORDER
IN
THE
NOUN
PHRASE
95
7.2.1
ORDER
OF
SIMPLE
MODIFIERS
IN
THE
NOUN
PHRASE
96
7.2.2
ORDER
OF
COMPLEX
MODIFIERS
IN
THE
NOUN
PHRASE
96
7.3
WORD
ORDER
AND
BOUND
MORPHOLOGY
97
7.4
SUMMARY
97
CHAPTER
8:
TENSE,
ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
98
8.0
OUTLINE
98
8.1
EGOPHORICITY
98
8.2
CODING
TENSE-ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
98
8.2.1
VERBAL
MORPHOLOGY
98
8.2.2
AUXILIARY
VERBS
99
8.2.3
COMBINATION
OF
MORPHOLOGY
AND
AUXILIARY
VERBS
101
8.3
TENSE-ASPECT
101
8.3.1
PERFECTIVE
101
8.3.2
IMPERFECTIVE
103
8.4
MODALITY
105
8.4.1
EPISTEMIC
MODALITY
106
8.4.2
EVALUATIVE
MODALITY
108
8.5
INTERSECTION
OF
TENSE,
ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
108
8.5.1
INTERSECTION
BETWEEN
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
108
8.5.2
INTERSECTION
BETWEEN
TENSE
AND
MODALITY
109
8.5.3
INTERSECTION
BETWEEN
ASPECT
AND
MODALITY
109
8.6
SOME
INNOVATIONS
IN
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
110
8.6.1
INNOVATIONS
IN
TENSE
110
8.6.2
INNOVATIONS
IN
ASPECT
110
8.7
SUMMARY
110
CHAPTER
9:
NON-DECLARATIVE
SPEECH
ACTS
AND
DE-TRANSITIVE
VOICE
112
9.0
OUTLINE
112
9.1
INTERROGATIVE
SPEECH
ACTS
112
9.1.1
POLAR
INTERROGATIVES
112
9.1.2
DISJUNCTIVE
INTERROGATIVES
113
9.1.3
NEUTRAL
INTERROGATIVES
113
9.1.4
CONSTITUENT
INTERROGATIVES
114
9.2
MANIPULATIVE
SPEECH
ACTS
116
9.2.1
IMPERATIVES
116
9.2.2
OPTATIVES
117
9.2.3
HORTATIVES
118
9.3
SEMANTIC
DE-TRANSITIVE
VOICE
CONSTRUCTIONS
118
9.3.1
REFLEXIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
118
9.3.2
RECIPROCAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
119
9.4
PRAGMATIC
DE-TRANSITIVE
VOICE
CONSTRUCTIONS
120
9.5
SUMMARY
120
CHAPTER
10:
NOUN
PHRASES
AND
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
122
10.0
OUTLINE
122
10.1
HEADS
AND
MODIFIERS
OF
NOUN
PHRASES
122
10.1.1
PRE-MODIFIERS
122
10.1.2
POST-MODIFIERS
123
V
10.2
TYPES
OF
NOUN
PHRASES
123
10.2.1
SIMPLEX
NOUN
PHRASE
123
10.2.2
COMPLEX
NOUN
PHRASE
124
10.3
TYPES
OF
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
127
10.3.1
NOMINALIZED
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
127
10.3.2
RELATIVE-CORRELATIVE
CLAUSES
128
10.4
FUNCTIONAL
AND
SYNTACTIC
DIMENSIONS
128
10.4.1
FUNCTIONAL
DIMENSIONS
128
10.4.2
SYNTACTIC
DIMENSIONS
129
10.5
SUMMARY
130
CHAPTER
11:
CONTRASTIVE
FOCUS,
MARKED
TOPIC
AND
REFERENTIAL
COHERENCE
131
11.0
OUTLINE
131
11.1
CONTRASTIVE
FOCUS
CONSTRUCTIONS
131
11.1.1
CONTRASTIVE
STRESS
(STRESS-FOCUS)
131
11.1.2
WORD
ORDER
AND
STRESS
131
11.1.3
MORPHOLOGY
132
11.1.4
OTHER
FOCUS
ATTRACTING
DEVICES
132
11.2
MARKED
TOPIC
CONSTRUCTIONS
132
11.2.1
Y-MOVEMENT
133
11.2.2
MORPHOLOGICAL
DEVICES
133
11.3
REFERENTIAL
COHERENCE
133
11.3.1
ZERO
ANAPHORA
134
11.3.2
UNSTRESSED
ANAPHORIC
PRONOUNS
134
11.3.3
STRESSED
INDEPENDENT
PRONOUNS
134
11.3.4
DEFINITE
FULL-NPS
135
11.3.5
DEFINITENESS
136
11.4
SUMMARY
136
CHAPTER
12:
CLAUSE
UNION
AND
INTER-CLAUSE
COHERENCE
137
12.0
OUTLINE
137
12.1
CLAUSE
UNION
137
12.1.1
INFINITIVAL
VERBAL
COMPLEMENTS
137
12.1.2
CAUSATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13
7
12.2
ADVERBIAL
SUBORDINATE
CLAUSES
139
12.2.1
TEMPORAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
139
12.2.2
CONDITIONAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
139
12.2.3
REASON
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
140
12.2.4
CONCESSIVE
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
140
12.2.5
PURPOSE
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.2.6
LOCATION
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.2.7
MANNER
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.2.8
PARTICIPIAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSES
141
12.3
CONJOINED
('CHAINED')
CLAUSES
142
12.3.1
CONFIRMATIVE
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
142
12.3.2
CONTRASTIVE
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
143
12.3.3
DISJUNCTIVE
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
143
12.3.4
EXCLUDING
CONJOINED
CLAUSES
144
12.4
SUMMARY
144
VI
145
CHAPTER
13:
TYPOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
AND
IMPLICATIONS
13.0
OUTLINE
13.1
PHONOLOGY
(
*
SENSORY-MOTOR
CODE
*)
13.1.1
SEGMENTAL
CONSONANTS
13.1.2
SEGMENTAL
VOWELS
13.1.3
SYLLABLE
STRUCTURES
13.1.4
SUPRASEGMENTS
13.2
THE
GRAMMATICAL
CODE
13.2.1
ERGATIVE
MARKING
13.2.2
DIFFERENTIAL
OBJECT
MARKING
13.2.3
BENEFACTIVE
MARKING
13.2.4
GENDER
MARKING
13.2.5
NUMBER
MARKING
13.2.6
NUMERAL
CLASSIFIERS
13.2.7
MARKING
INCLUSIVE-EXCLUSIVE
13.2.8
NOMINALIZATION
13.2.9
COMPOUNDING
13.2.10
INTONATION
AND
STRESS
13.2.11
HONORIFICITY
13.2.12
SEQUENTIAL
ORDER
OF
WORDS
OR
MORPHEMES
13.2.13
MARKING
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
13.2.14
EVIDENTIALLY
MARKING
13.2.15
VERBAL
AGREEMENT/CONCORD
13.2.16
TENSE
AND
ASPECT
ORGANIZATION
13.2.17
DEPENDENT
MARKING
13.2.18
MARKING
NOMINALIZED
RELATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.19
MARKING
CAUSATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.20
MARKING
PARTICIPIAL
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSE
13.2.21
MARKING
IMPERATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.22
MARKING
INTERROGATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.23
MARKING
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.24
MARKING
NEGATIVE
CLAUSES
13.2.25
MARKING
REFLEXIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.26
MARKING
RECIPROCAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.27
MARKING
PASSIVE
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.28
MARKING
MARKED
TOPIC
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.2.29
MARKING
CONTRASTIVE
FOCUS
CONSTRUCTIONS
13.3
IMPLICATIONS
13.3.1
DESCRIPTIVE
ADEQUACY
13.3.2
PRAGMATIC
ADEQUACY
13.3.3
COGNITIVE
ADEQUACY
13.3.4
TYPOLOGICAL
ADEQUACY
13.3.5
EXPLANATORY
ADEQUACY
13.4
CONCLUSION
145
145
145
146
146
146
147
148
148
148
148
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150
150
150
151
151
151
151
151
152
152
152
152
152
152
153
153
153
153
154
155
155
155
156
156
156
ANNEXES
157
ANNEX
A:
SAMPLE
INTERLINEARIZED
TEXTS
TEXT
1.1:
A
GREEDY
BOY
157
157
VII
TEXT
1.2:
TEXT
1.3:
TEXT
1.4:
TEXT
1.5:
TEXT
1.6:
TEXT
1.7:
TEXT
1.8:
ANNEX
B:
ANNEX
C:
ANNEX
D:
ANNEX
E:
ANNEX
F:
ANNEX
G:
ANNEX
H:
ANNEX
1:
REFERENCES
A
CONVERSATION
LIFE
OF
LORD
BUDDHA
A
STORY
OF
A
GREEDY
DOG
LIFE
EXPERIENCE
BARBA
BARSE
MELA
THAKALI
LANGUAGE
AND
PEOPLE
THAKALI
PROVERBS
SPECIALIZED
WORDLISTS
CASE
CLITICS
USED
WITH
THE
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
INDEX
OF
THE
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHEMES
IN
THAKALI
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHOLOGY
OF
NOUNS
IN
WEST
BODISH
FINITE
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHOLOGY
OF
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
NON-FINITE
GRAMMATICAL
MORPHOLOGY
OF
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
IDENTITY/EQNATIONAL
COPULAR
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
LOCATION
AND
ATTRIBUTION/EXISTENTIAL
COPULAR
VERBS/AUXILIARY
VERBS
IN
WEST
BODISH
158
163
173
175
180
181
183
185
191
191
192
193
193
194
194
195
VIII |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Regmi, Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Gauchan, Omkar Prasad |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1029674574 (DE-588)1044735481 (DE-588)1219151963 |
| author_facet | Regmi, Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Gauchan, Omkar Prasad |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Regmi, Dan Raj |
| author_variant | d r r dr drr a r ar o p g op opg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046907030 |
| classification_rvk | EG 6850 EG 7430 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1199067264 (DE-599)DNB1213593468 |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV046907030 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T15:26:50Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:57:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)5300573-9 |
| isbn | 9783969390122 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032316571 |
| oclc_num | 1199067264 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xi, 197 Seiten 1 Karte |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | LINCOM GmbH |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Languages of the world/materials |
| series2 | Languages of the world/materials |
| spelling | Regmi, Dan Raj Verfasser (DE-588)1029674574 aut A grammar of Thakali Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Regmi & Omkar Prasad Gauchan München LINCOM GmbH 2020 xi, 197 Seiten 1 Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Languages of the world/materials 513 Thakali-Sprache (DE-588)4446825-8 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Bodish languages Grammatik Sino-Tibetanisch Tibeto-Burmesisch Thakali-Sprache (DE-588)4446825-8 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Regmi, Ambika Verfasser (DE-588)1044735481 aut Gauchan, Omkar Prasad Verfasser (DE-588)1219151963 aut LINCOM Europa (München) (DE-588)5300573-9 pbl Languages of the world/materials 513 (DE-604)BV009896757 513 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032316571&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Regmi, Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Gauchan, Omkar Prasad A grammar of Thakali Languages of the world/materials Thakali-Sprache (DE-588)4446825-8 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4446825-8 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | A grammar of Thakali |
| title_auth | A grammar of Thakali |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Thakali |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A grammar of Thakali |
| title_full | A grammar of Thakali Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Regmi & Omkar Prasad Gauchan |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Thakali Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Regmi & Omkar Prasad Gauchan |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Thakali Dan Raj Regmi, Ambika Regmi & Omkar Prasad Gauchan |
| title_short | A grammar of Thakali |
| title_sort | a grammar of thakali |
| topic | Thakali-Sprache (DE-588)4446825-8 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Thakali-Sprache Grammatik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032316571&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV009896757 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT regmidanraj agrammarofthakali AT regmiambika agrammarofthakali AT gauchanomkarprasad agrammarofthakali AT lincomeuropamunchen agrammarofthakali |