The history of the civil war in Tajikistan:
In the 10th century, the Turks separated the Tajiks, a Central Asian community, from their Iranian kinfolk. The Tajiks adopted the Hanafi faith and, alongside ethnicity, made it a pillar of their identity. Between 1920 and 1990, the Soviets tried to alter the Tajiks' identity. While they could...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, MA
Academic Studies Press
2020
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| Schriftenreihe: | Central Asian studies
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | In the 10th century, the Turks separated the Tajiks, a Central Asian community, from their Iranian kinfolk. The Tajiks adopted the Hanafi faith and, alongside ethnicity, made it a pillar of their identity. Between 1920 and 1990, the Soviets tried to alter the Tajiks' identity. While they could affect the Tajiks' social status substantially (cf. Afghanistan), they failed in changing the Tajiks' ideology. Instead, they became involved in a conflict that pitted Soviet Tajiks against radical Muslim Tajiks, the latter intentionally misidentified as Wahhabis by the Soviets. The question was about the viability of enforcing the secular Soviet constitution versus the Islamic Shari'a. Inability to resolve the dispute led to civil war (1992). The volume traces the conflict from its roots in Bukhara to the establishment of an independent secular Tajik state (1997). |
| Beschreibung: | 327 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781644692875 |
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Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The War Year The Emirate of Bukhara The Sovietization of Tajikistan End of an Era The Government ofNational Reconciliation Reinventing the Wheel The Path to Recovery Appendix Glossary List of Abbreviations Bibliography Index 1 51 88 139 181 216 235 291 299 307 309 317
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Index Abi Dara, 91 Abdughaffor, Mullo, 176 Abdujabbor, Tohir, 142,144,152-153, 156,161,231 Abdulahad (amir), 37,51,60,66ո48, 69-81 Abdul-Qadir Bidel, 115 Abdulloev, Faizullo, 179,211 Abdullojonov, Abdumalik, 193,195, 199-201,204,269,277 Abdumalik Tura, 66 Abduqadirov, Holizoda, 231 Abduqodir Muhiddinov, 104-105 Abdurahimov, Rustam, 164,172,181182,184,187,189-192,194-196, 199,203,208,211-212,215, 292 Abdurrahim Hojiboev, 104 Abkik, 130 Abramov, Aleksandr К. (General), 67 Abulfaizkhan, 52 Abu Hanifa, 108,282 Abu Yousef, 108 Adolat, 31,174nl 19-120,231 Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, 4-5, 28,44,116,170,249 Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, 5, 7, 41, 305 Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, 14-15 Afghanistan, 25, 51, 53,63-64,67,69, 73, 82, 85-86,89,91-92, 94,99, 113,127-128,134-136,150,190, 215,218,231,233,238,242-243, 245,251-252,256-258,262-264, 267,270,273,276,279,285,295 Afghonov, Suhrob, 208 Afshar, Nadir Shah, 52 Aga Khan, Karim, 259 Agriculture, 25,32-33,45,56,61-62, 66,88,90, 95,100-103,105-106, 112,114,119,122,126-130,137, 156,220-221,227,233,242,247, 252,255,278 Aini Opera and Ballet Theatre, 46-47 Aini, Kamol, 22 Aini, Sadriddin, 4,13,16-18,21-32, 37,60n26, 60n29,63n35-37, 64,65n44, 66n47,67n51,67n53, 71n62,72n64,76-78,82-83,87, 93,101,106,120-121 Aitmatov, Chingiz, 13,28,225nl4,230, 232,254 Ajik, Mullo, 208 Akayev, Askar, 264 Akbarov, Haidarsho, 164 Aktau, 14 Aliev, Abbos, 37 alifioi niokoti, 151 Almaty (Alma-Ata), 5-11,14,21,23,35, 41,270-271,273,279,297 Altin Kiz, 8,10 Aminov, Jurabek, 204 Amirbekov, Atobek, 169, 233 Amu Daryo, 66,69,102,127
318 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Anglo-Russian Convention of 1872, 69 Anorgul, 74 Anzob, 126-127, 174,189, 195,199, 213,253 Apsamat, 8-10,12 Arg, 53-54,63,81, Ashkabat, 91,271,273-274,279 Asht, 175 Ashtarkhanids, 52 Ashurov, Davron, 158,179,197, 203 Ashurov, Muhriddin, 203-205 Ashurov, Urumbai, 105 Aslonov, Qadriddin, 138,142-143, 151-153,210 Atheism, 13-14,27,87,93,96-97,100, 113,119-126,133,145,148, 150, 215,220,224-226,266 Atobek, Amirbek, 156,233 Auezov, Mukhtar, 8,299 August Coup, 138,143,150-151,155 Ayoubzod, Salim, 263 Awqof, 26 Azimov, Amirqul, 183,189 Badakhshan, 25,53,65-66,94,127-128, 137,151,153-156,158,160,174, 177,202,204,223,229,233,240, 244,246,259,307 Badriddin (Qozi), 78 Baghokhoja, 78 Bain al-Nahrain, 53,300 Baljuon, 65,67-68,72-75 Barakat (market), 22,36,284 Bashiri, Carol, 1,6-9,11-13,15-17, 20-22,29-30,32,34,37,39,42 Basmachi, 22,59,81,84-86,90-94, 98-99,106, 115, 133, 148,300 Batu Khan, 52 Bek, 55,70-75,300 Beloyusov, Bakhtior, 168 Beshkent, 130 Birani, Aburaihan, 87,95 Bishkek, 14-16,260,277 Boighozi, 100 Boimatov, Ibod, 259 Bolshevik, 31, 51,84-86,225 Boqimuhammad, 52 Borbad, 3-4 Bozukin, Volodia, 32 Broydo, Grigory, 105 Bukhara (city of), 4-5,13,21-28, 30-32,37-40,51-94,97,99,102, 104-107,115,117,120,131,138, 150.215.224.280 Bukhara, Eastern, 51,53,67,69-72, 75, 85-86,89,102 Bukhara, Emirate of, 22,25,51-89,94, 107.115.131.280 Bukharin, Nikolai, 106 Burhanuddin, 78,264,270 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 266,269 Cadre, 7,25nl7,99,114,138,145,147, 149,208,210,214,219-221,223, 225,242,248,254,300 Centralization, 59,62 Chaghatai, 53 Charju, 15
Charkhy, Ya’qub, 116 Cherniaiev, Mikhail Grigorievich, 64 Chernyshev (deputy foreign minister), 267,269 Chimkent, 65 China, 99,229,233,245,253, 282 Chkalovsk, 106-107,140 Choikhona, 13,27,300 Chorbog, 115 Chorkor, 197 Choryakkoron, 197
Commission on National Reconcilia tion (CNR), 261,267,275-277, 280-281 Communist Manifesto, 26,96,100,220, 266 Communist Party of Tajikistan (CPT), 27, 89,105,114,136-139,156,175, 220,225,228-230,234,236-237, 260 Constitution, 88,158,164,166,170, 172,180,182-192,208,211,215, 216,234-235,240-242,245, 250-251,253,258-259,265-266, 268-272,276,286,298 Crimea, 52,64,76 Danghara, 45,194,206,288 Dar al-Shifa (library), 61 Darvoz, 65,68-69,75,128,270 Democracy, 51,83-84,87,90-92, 117-118,136,140,142-143, 148,150-155,157,170,173,183, 211,216,228nl7,229,231,234, 237-238,244-246,251,256,263, 265-266,272,276,279,282-284, 286-290,296 Democratic Party, 155-156,162,169, 174,228,229,231,233,236,287, 289 Dihnau, 74 Dohi (V. I. Lenin), 88,150,153,300 Donish, Ahmad, 17,60n25,63-64, 65n43,68,70n60,74-77, 87,284 Dostiev, Abdumajid Salimovich, 259, 262,265,269,278 Durrani, Ahmad Shah, 53 Dushanbe, 1-3,13-18,20,22-41, 43-45,74,91,94,103,105-106, 116-120,122,126-128,131-132, 136,138,140,143,149-150,153154,158-159,162,164-166,168, 170,175,177-179,181,183-196, 198-206,208,210-217,222-224, 226-227,229,231-233,237-239, 241,243-247,254,259-261, 263-264,269,277,282-285,287, 291-293,297-298 Dust, Dustmuhammad, 161 Dustov, Narzullo, 154-163,167-169, 171-172,175-176,239-240,298 Emomali, Rustam, 283,287 Engels, Friedrich, 96, 109n58 Faizaliev, Sherali, 208 Farkhor, 129 Ferdowsi, 2, 3,22,36,41,45,101,224 Ferghana valley, 52,84,108,115,118, 124,125,149,240,295 Fitrat, Abdura’uf, 63n34,64,67n52 Frunze, Mikhail Vasilyevich, 86 Gasprinski, Ismail, 76, 82 Ghafurov, Bobojon, 84n94,90,113-120, 227 Gharm,
106,107,121,124,125,137, 138,147,151,154,155,246,256 Ghij duvan, 85 Ghozimalik, 137,188,201 Ghuzor, 74 Glasnost', 115,138,143,150,155,210, 217-218,225,228,231,233,236, 293-294,301 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 135,138,143,150, 210,236 “Govkushon” (library), 61 Habibov, A., 164,179 Habibulloev, Hamidullo, 231 Habibulloev, Ismat, 179 Hait, 113 Hakim, Mirzo Široj, 77
320 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali, 45, 301 Hanafi (faith), 27,43,55,90,93,94nl7, 107-109,116,118,122,124-125, 136-137,140,144,148-150, 153,157,185-187,202,215,218, 225-226,240,297 Hanbal, Ahmad, 108 Hanbali (faith), 93,107-109,124,144, 148 Hanifa, Abu, 108,282 Hayoev, Izatullo, 141,152 Hikmatyar, 134-135 Himmatzoda, Muhammadsharif, 117, 152,156,161,169,232,263 Hindustoni, Muhammad, 115-118 Hisor, 3,67,69,72,74-75, 85-86, 101,121,126-128,139,155,162, 181-184,188-192,195,197,201, 202,204-206,208,210-214,240, 244-245,274,292-293,298 Homidov, A. M., 203 Homidov, Khalifabobo, 231 Hujum, 98,301 Husseinov, 189 Husynov, 93 Huvaidulloev, Nurullo, 171-172, 174-176,181,216,239 Ibrahim Beg, 106 Ibrohim, Qori, 173 Identity, 3,4,7,13,48-49,60,88-89,94, 105,107, 111, 121,219,226,228 Ideology, 2,27,103,105,108,122,124, 134,225,231,238,242,289-290 Ikrom, Muhammad, 77 Ikromi, Jalol, 28 Ikromov, Maqsud (mayor of Dushanbe), 151-153,175,210 Ikromov, Zafar, 207-209 Imomov, Chinor, 104 Infrastructure, 119,240,263,266, 282-286,288,290 Iran (Islamic Republic), 44,48-49,55, 68,71, 78,92,155,196, 203,214, 218n7, 226,231,232,233,238,245, 251-252,258,262,264,267,269, 275,278-280,283,295 IREX (international Research Exchanges Board), 1,13,19,29 Irjar, 65 IRPT (Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajik istan), 116,136-137,139,144-145, 148,151,154-156,169,173,175, 217,228-230,232,234,236-238, 254,261,283,289-290,293,296 Isfara, 114,126,142,145 Ishoqov, Boturjon, 198,201,208 Ishoqov, Ikrom, 208 Iskandar Bek, 8-12 Iskandarov, Akbarsho, 172-173, 177, 181,202,204,212
Iskandarov, 162,172-173,177,179,181, 187-188,198-207,209,212,246 Islam, 2,8,13,19,21,24,27,49,51,53, 57,60-61,80,90,93-94,97-100, 105,107-112,116-119,121-125, 133-134,137-138,143-145,148149,162,186,196,202,215,217, 218,224-227,230-233,238-240, 250,282,289,292,295,296 Islamabad, 269-270,279 Islamism, 80,91,99,118,139,142,151, 166,185,187,200,204,210,213, 225,234,235,241,266 Islamization, 52,138 Isma’ilis, 27,55,144,233,240,259 Ismon(ov), Davlati, 152,156,160-161, 165,179,187,262,276 Ispijak, 197 Iurchik, 27,186,301 Jabayev, Jambui, 8,301 Jadidist, 31,51,76-77,79,81-84,90,92, 99,105,301
Index Jalolov, Abdulhossein (Bokhtar), 137 Javonbukhorion, 81,83. See also Young Bukharans Jilikul, 137,183,188,190 Jizzakh, 65 Joltas Khan, 8-10,12-13 Jomi, 208,211 Kabul, 86,270,279 Kadiri, Abdurahmon, 287 Kalininabad, 131,173-174 Karim, Buri, 140-142,17ІПІ09, 172ПІ11-112,173nl 15-117, 174nl21,176nl28,177nl36, 178nl41,181nl, 209n85-86, 211-212,229nl8-19,237,238n5, 241nl 1,259 Karimov, Jamshid, 176 Karminah, 64,67,78-80 Katta-Qurqon, 66 Kashmir, 115,117 Kazakhstan, 1,5-8,12-14,41,43-44, 92,123,242,244,251-252,254, 264,267,271 Kenjaev, Safarali, 43,49-50,143-177, 179-180nl42-143,181-203,206216,224,226-227,234,239-240, 287,291-292,298 Khairulloev, S., 161,169,179 Khatlon, 182,301 Khiva, 30, 52-53,55nl2,73 Khojaev, Faizullo, 83,85,92-93 Kholiqov, Muhammadjon, 153 Khoromov, Albert, 3-4 Khorugh, 154,174,233,246,260,268 Khosdeh, 276,278-279 Khovaling, 71,74-75 Khudoberdiyev, Mahmud, 259-260 Khudonazarov, Davlat, 3,18,153-155, 165,168-169,171,231,233 Khujand, 15-18,21,29,45-46,65-66, 69,89,105-107,120,137-140, 155n46,172,178,181-182,184, 187,198-201,204-214,222, 231,234-235,240-241,242nl5, 249-251,253,260,265,268,280, 282,285,290,292-293,298 Khujandi, Kamal, 46-48 Khuttalon, 74 Kimiiagarov, Bentsiion Arievich, 3 Kinegas, 62,67 Kinostudio, 3-4,18 Kittani, Ismat, 266 Kofarnihon, 91,100,117-118,130, 142,162,165,174,177,183,189, 192-193,198,206 Kogon, 81-82 Kolesov, Fyodor Ivanovich, 83, 85 Kolkhozes, 24,28, ЗО, 88,96,103-105, 129-130,145,153,159,186,197, 221,229,236-238,241,280,283, 293-294,302 Kosimov, S., 278 Kosimova, Marvorid, 2 Koval, Ivon, 121 Kuhisten,
37,59,65,69,74,95,104,122, 126-127,130,219,223-244,294, 302 Kuibishev, 231 Kulob, 18,20-21,25,33,45,67,72ո63, 73-75,78, 86,101,119,122, 128-130,137,139,142,151,154, 158,162,171-173,175,178,181, 184-185,188-193,195-196, 198-199,201-204,207-208,210211,214,217,222-223,227,231, 240-241,253,263,283,288-289, 291-292,294,298 Kunanbayev, Abai, 7,12,299,302 Kyrgyzstan, 1,5,8,13-15,92,242, 244-245,251,264,267,271,277 Lahuti, Abulqasim, 93,101,104, 120-121,302 321
322 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan La'li Badakhshon (movement), 153-155, 156,169,229,233 Langariev, Langari, 177,181,187-191, 194-195, 198-201,207-208,211 Language law, 20,133,139,223 Latifi, Otakhon, 152,164,170,263,268 Laqai, 69, 75 Lenin, Vladimir, 6,22, 88-89,91-92, 104,110,117,122,139,150-151, 153,162,165,197,210,229,284, 292,300 Leninabad, 95,127,151,153-156,158, 162,172-173,178,188-189,203, 207,211,221,240-241 Liberated Youth Organization (LYO), 134-135,225 Ligachev, Yegor, 135 Lilienthal, 79 Lomonosov, 173 Lutfulloev, Nusratullo Makhsum, 104 Ma rifat (clique), 228 Mafia, 33-35,146-148,154,218,239, 248,259,287,297 Mahkamov, Qahhor, 137-148,150-152, 155,158,210,227,287 Mahmadov (general), 160,248n22 Mahmud Khoja, 76 Makhsum, Nusratullo, 104 Manghit, Muhammad Rahim, 53 Manghits, 37,53-54,56, 60-62,66-68, 70,73-75,79-80,86,215 Mankurt, 225,230,302 Mansurov, Jamoliddin, 211 Markazi, 100,130 Martovitskii (Major-General), 160 Marx, Karl, 96,110 Maschoh, 106 Mashhad, 277,279,281 Maskva, 129 Mas’ud, Ahmadshah, 276 Maududi, Sayyid Abul Ala, 125,295 Media, 167,171,189,191,194,218, 236-237,258-262,271,277,286, 289.294.296 Merrem, Gerd, 267,280-281 MIA (Ministry of Interior Affairs), 154156,160,165-166,168-169,188 Military wing, 202,214 Minneapolis, 2,4,6,8,14,37,44,48 Mir Arab Madrasa, 117,123 Miri Zárd, 73 Mirrahim, Mirbobo, 144,152,161 Mirzoalieva, Muharrama, 164 Mirzo Abulazim Somi, 67 Mirzo Dovud Huseynov, 105 Mirzo Široj Hakim, 77 Mirzoev, Akbar, 154,158,167,169 Mirzoev, Ghaffor, 121 Moscow, 14,34-35,48, 89,90,94,110, 113,118,120-121,135,137-138,
143,155,218,220-221,225, 234,236,238,252,261,262-264, 267-268,270-271,275-279,281, 294.296 Mu’minobod, 74,129 Muborakqadamov, Ruslan, 179 Mufti, 8,55,93,123, 111, 245,259,274, 289,302 Muhammad Amin, 115 Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab, 109 Muhammadinov, A., 85 Muhiddinov, NuriddinAkramovich, 119 Mukhtorov, Ahror, 60n27,70n61, 86n97, 114 Mullo Mirza, 74 Mullo Qamariddin, 78 Mullosafhr, 74-75 Muslim Tajiks, 1,14,88,90,93-94,105, 112-113,132,134,224 Muzaffar (amir), 32,37,40,51, 58-60, 64-65,67-70,79
Index Nabiev, Rahmon, 121,137-139, 145, 149-150,153-163,165-169,171182,185,207,209-210,213-215, 217,222,227,233-234,240,242, 253,259,291-293,298 Nagorno-Karabakh, 140 Naqshbandiyyah, 118 Narshakhi, 97 Nasaf, 80 Nasriddinov, Hikmatullo, 138nl24, 140n4,147,148n28-29,155n45, 158,179,211-212,213n92,222, 223n23,242nl5 Nasrullah (amir), 37, 51, 59,60-64,68, 79 Nasrullo, Habibullo, 211 National Reconciliation, Government of (GNR), 139,170-171,181-215, 297 National Reconciliation, Committee on, 272 National Reconciliation, Council of, 273 Nationalism, 22,91,93,136,218,223, 225-226,228,232,234,238 Navjuvonov, Mamadayoz, 141,154,155, 156-158,163,166-167,175,182, 198 Navruz (palace), 284 Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 286,264,271 Nazarov, Talbak, 262,274,277 Nazir, 74 New-method schools, 68,71,75-76, 78-79,81 Nicholas II (Emperor), 70,84 Niozov (general), 160,171-172 Nomenklatura, 25nl7,214,219-220, 223,303 Norak, 45,74,100-101,114,127,194, 206,211,293 NSC (National Security Committee), 171,188,204,254 Nuri, Said Abdullo, 115-118,134-135, 138,160-161,227,260,262-264, 266,270-273,275-278,280-281, 295 Odilov, Hadyatullo, 142 Odina,Jum’a, 121 Odina, Muhammad, 74 Odinaev, Rajabali, 288 Olim Khan (amir), 31,37, 51,53,56, 66n48,71,77,79-86, 89-91,301 Olimpur, Muhiddin, 216,274 Olimzoda, Karomatullo, 217-218,235n2 Oljaboev, Tursun, 120 One Belt One Road (project), 282 Oshkoro (organization), 172 Osimi, Muhammad (academician), 3n4, 216,260 Otajonov, Qorbonboi (Kolkhozobod), 137 Ozodi (square), 162-164,171-173,187, 191,195,247 Pallaev, Ghoibnazar, 141-142,149 Pamir, 69,121,126,138,147,154-156, 233,285
Panj (river), 100,102,127,129,243 Panjshir valley, 276, Pasha, Enver, 91,215 Pastukhov, Boris, 267 Peace accord, 235-236,261-284 Perestroika, 27n23,115,136,143,150, 210, 217-218,225,228,236,287, 293-295, 303 PFT (People’s Front of Tajikistan), 182-196,198-208,210,212 Piriz-Ballon, Ramiro, 266-269,273 Plenum, 142 Politburo, 119,141 Political wing, 202-203,214,234,240, 246 323
324 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Ponghoz (palace), 50,175 Posiyolka, 101,128,130,303 Potovskii, Grigorii, 101 Potovsky bridge, 195,201 Poyan dashoev, 200 Presidium, 158-159,164 Primakov, Yevgeny, 266 Protopopov, Dmitrii, 105 Putsch, 150,155 Qabodion, 183,190,243 Qaderiyya, 118 Qadiri, A., 85 Qahhorov (general), 160,167 Qahhorov, S. (opposition member), 161 Qalandarov, Mahmadsharif (Qozimolik), 137 Qaradum, 130 Qaratoq, 100 Qaravuti, 130 Qarotegin, 88,121,128,137,147,151, 154,165,194,204,270,276 Qarshi, 30,39-40,66-67 Qashqa Dariyo (river), 89 Qatar, 282 Qiyomuddin, Hoji Said, 158,160,171 Qizilsu (river), 100 Qoqand, 52,65, 84,91-92,115 Qpzi, 55,78,152,303 Qozikalon, 55-58,77-78,118,141,196, 303 Qoziyyot, 152,159,170,175, 111, 292, 303 Qunqurat, 67 Qurbonov, Abdukarim, 204 Qurbonov, N., 174 Qurghonteppa, 18,33,45,72n63,102, 107,116,119,121-122,125,128, 130-132,134-135,137,147,149, 160,173-175,177-178,184-186, 192-193,196,204,206-207,211, 214,217,223,228,231,237,244, 246,247,259,289-291,295 Qushbegi, 54-56,75,77,78, 303 Qutaiba ibn Muslim, 97,138 Qutb, Sayyid, 125,295 Rabbani, Burhanuddin, 264,270,276 Radical Muslims, 90,93,107-109,116, 121-122,124-125,136-137,140, 148-150,153,155,157,162,186187,202,215,225-226,282,305 Rahim(ov), Saif, 3,18,36,216 Rahimov, Hussein, 37,40-43 Rahimov, Qosim, 137 Rahimova, Zibo, 36 Rahimova, Zulfiya, 36-39,41-42,45,49 Rahmanberdi, 61 Rahmon, Emomali, 44,47,49-50,74, 235nl, 266,281-283,287-289 Rahmon, Zarina, 287 Rahmonov, Emomali Sharipovich, 25nl8,43-45,198n50,207,218n8, 235.241- 283,286,293,298 Rahmonov (general), 160,165
Rajabov, A. (executive manager MIA), 160,166-167 Rajabov, Askarali, 22 Rajabov, Safarali, 259 Ramadan Id (celebration), 157 Rastokhiz (party), 144,154-156,169, 228-229,231,236 Rasulov,Jabbor, 90,117,120-121,125, 132,137, 111 Reconstruction, 251,255-256,258,262, 283 Refugee, 140,175,201,205-206,216, 239.242-245,251,253-254, 261,267-268,271-272,276-279, 281,308 Regionalism, 148,173,190,201,218, 222,280,289,293-294
Index Rizoev, Jonkhon, 181-182,187-192, 194-196,198-199,201,203,208, 212,215 Roghun (Rogun), 270,285 Romit (gorge), 18,174,246 Ru ba Ru (clique), 228 Rudaki, Abu Abdullah, 101,284,304 Rudzutak, Janis, 106 Russian Federation, 140,150,168,189, 204,242,245-246,252,254,262, 264,267 Russian Rifle Division, 140,168,176, 189,192,194-195,198-199,203, 205,208,215,253-254,265 Rustamov, Qimat, 207 Sadoi Mardum (newspaper), 31,165, 24ІПІ0,244nl8 Sadriddinov, Qalandar, 137 SADŮM (Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan), 123-124 Safarov, A., 109,110n59,113n68, 113n70,117n79-80,120n83, 125n92,133,135nll3 Safarov, Sangak, 43,164,172-173, 177-178,181,186-192,194-195, 199-201,203,207,211-212,246, 254,291 Safieva, Gulrukhsor, 142 Sagadiev, Erlan, 5-6,10 Saidmurodov, Kh., 127n94,128n96, 129n98,161,169 Saidov, Abdullo (Vakhsh), 137 Saidov, Faizali, 93,181,184,189,191, 194-195,199-201,208,246,291 Saidov, Yusuf, 195 Saifulloev, A., 171-172,239-240 Salimov, Yaqub, 259 Salimov, Yakov, 278 Salimov, Ya’qubj on, 199 Salomov, Mahmadrasul (jilikul), 137 Samanid, 86,150,280 Samarqand, 4-5,13,32,52-54,65-66, 69,74, 86, 89,107,224 Sangov, Saifiddin, 208 Sarband, 100,119,130 Sattorov, Abdunabi, 160 Saudi Arabia, 109-110,124,134,149, 155,204,215,226,295 Savdo, Abduqodir, 76 Secularism, 24,68,118,151,210-211, 215,228,231,234,239,245,250, 263,266,282-284,286,288-290, 293, 296,298 Security, 14,19-21,29,32,41,55,57, 71,81,99,122,147,158,161,165, 170,171,176,188,204-205,209, 221,234,238,243,245,253-254, 267, 274,279,282 Selbur, 129 Serai, 67 Shabdolov, Shodi, 229 Shadunts, Suren,
105-106 Shafi’i (faith), 27 Shahidon (square), 156,159,161-163, 166-167,169,172,247,304 Shahrisabz, 30,74-75 Shaiban Khan, 52 Shamsiddin Shohin, 76 Sharia, 22,55, 60,79,93,113-114,116, 118-119,125,136,175,183,197, 225,227, 235, 304 Sharifzoda, Fathullo (Mufti), 245,259, 273-274 Sharifzoda, Haidar, 142,164,172 Sharshar, 100,119,130,191,198,204, 208 Shawroi Eslamia, 84 Sherabad, 67, 130 Sheralizoda, Murodullo, 165 Shiyen, 8,10,11,13 325
326 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Sbokurov, Muhammadjon, 164 Shomansur (market), 36,284 Shotimur, Shirinsho, 104 Shukurov, Taghoikhon, 183 Siddiqi, Ahmad Khoja (Ajzi), 77 Sina, Abu Ali Ihn, 57,87,95,101,224, 301 Sitodi Najoti Vatan (front), 174 Siterai Mohi Khosa (palace), 54 Sobir, Bozor, 142,152 Socialism, 30, 51, 94, 97,114,116-117, 119,122,124,126,148,238,240, 289,296 Socialists, 22,42, 51,55,88,93,96-97, 99,102,106,110,117-118,121, 131,137,235-236,238-239,290, 294 Sohibnazar, Asliddin, lnl, 86-87, 97n24,104,122n90,142,145, 15Sn46,161-163,167nl02,168, 179,203n70,209,222nl 1,228nl7, 233n25 Somi, Mirzo Abdulazim, 67 Somoni, Ismo’il, 95,284 Sorbon, 19-21,23,30-32,37,41-42 Soviet Muslims, 93,95,109-110, 121-125,148-149 Soviet Tajiks, 24,88,90,93,95,99,102, 105,112,113n69,117-118,121, 124-126,130-132,157,180,183, 236,289-290 Sovietization, 13, 25,27,55,88-138 Sovkhozes, 24,28,88,96, 103,105,116, 129-130,145,153,186,221,229, 236-238,280,294,304 Sovnarkom, 8Sn96 Stalin, Joseph, 94,112,116,118 Stalinabad, 89,93,101,105,114 Stolypin, Petr, 80 Sughd, 120,287 Surkhob, 129 Supreme Soviet, 43,49,138,142-143, 147,150-153,155-169,171-172, 174-179,181,184-185,187-189, 191,196-197,199-202,204-206, 208-210,212-213,228-229,234֊ 235,237-242,244,246,249-251, 254,256,259,265,269,280,292, 294,298 Surkhon Dariyo, 89 Systematic reforms, 240,266,282-283, 285-290 Tabarov, Nur, 241 Tarbiai Atfol, 76 Tashrabat, 130 Tashkent, 15-16,18,36-41, 65-66,84, 104,115,117,118,123-124 Tavildara, 27,107,116,124-125,194, 260.274.276 Tehran, 37,261,266,268-269,271, 275-279,281 Termez, 40,102-104,127
Turaev, Sayfiddin, 154,161-162,176, 179,209 Turaj onzoda, Haji Akbar, 43,115, 117-118,136,141-142,145,152, 155-156,160-163,176,185, 196-198,209,217,227,246,258, 263,269,270-271,273-274, 277-279,292 Türkistan, 52,65,72,83-84,85ո96, 89 Turkmenistan, 15, 85-86, 92, 104, 116, 245, 252, 260, 264 Tursunov, Akbar, 28 Tursunov, H., 89ո2 Tursunov, Rizo, 161 Tursunzoda, A., 170 Tursunzoda, Mirzo, 121 Tursunzoda (town), 162,181,813, 185-187,189-191,194,199,213, 244.259.276
Index Vose) Qurbon, 227nl6,241,243nl7, 248n21 Ubaidulloev, Mahmadsaid, 198, 207, 262,270-271,274,278,283 Ulughzoda, Sotim, 37,121 Uroteppa, 65-66 Usmon(ov), Ibrahim, 258n42,262,265, 268n57,269n60,270n63,271n65, 274n69,275n71m 276 Usmonov, U. Gh., 179 UTO (United Tajik Opposition), 228, 235-236,261,263,272-273, 276-277,279-281,308 Uzbekistan, 5,15,37,86, 88-89,91-92, 94,103-104,106,124,127,137, 224,242,244-245,252,254,267, 271,275 Wahhabism, 27, 93,94nl7,107-109, 118,124-125,136,140,144, 148-151, 155,157,202-204, 215, 223, 226-227, 240,263, 292, 295-297 Wufchik, 27,177,186,305 Yakhsu, 129 Yakovlev, Alexander, 135 Yange-Qurghon, 65 Yaqnob(i), 65 Yeltsin, Boris, 168,203,264,278 Yoddoshtho, 21-23,26n19-20,27,30, 120 Young Bukharans, 51,82n92,83, 85, 90-93. See also Javonbukhorion Yovon, 102,126-127,130-131,162, 165,191 Yusuf(ov), Shodmon, 152,156,160-161, 169,174,231 Vaezi, Mahmoud (Iranian deputy foreign minister), 267,269 Vahdat (palace), 284 Vakhsh, 100,103,107,113,119-121, 124,126-128,130-131,137,173, 205,212,253 Vakhshonzamin, 174-176 Valikbanov, Chokan, 8,305 Varzob (gorge), 2-3,18,35,100,103, 104,119,162,183 Von Kaufman, Konstantin, 64-65 Vorobiev, Eduard (LieutenantGeneral), 200 Vose' (of Khovaling), 60,71,72n66, 74-75 Zarafshon, 53,189,201 Zardakov, 211 Zio, Sadri, 77 Ziois, 155,219,234,237,294,296,306 Zirabuloq, 65 Zuhurov, Shukurjon, 259,268 Zuhurov, Sievush, 287 — v Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München - J 327 |
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Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The War Year The Emirate of Bukhara The Sovietization of Tajikistan End of an Era The Government ofNational Reconciliation Reinventing the Wheel The Path to Recovery Appendix Glossary List of Abbreviations Bibliography Index 1 51 88 139 181 216 235 291 299 307 309 317
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Index Abi Dara, 91 Abdughaffor, Mullo, 176 Abdujabbor, Tohir, 142,144,152-153, 156,161,231 Abdulahad (amir), 37,51,60,66ո48, 69-81 Abdul-Qadir Bidel, 115 Abdulloev, Faizullo, 179,211 Abdullojonov, Abdumalik, 193,195, 199-201,204,269,277 Abdumalik Tura, 66 Abduqadirov, Holizoda, 231 Abduqodir Muhiddinov, 104-105 Abdurahimov, Rustam, 164,172,181182,184,187,189-192,194-196, 199,203,208,211-212,215, 292 Abdurrahim Hojiboev, 104 Abkik, 130 Abramov, Aleksandr К. (General), 67 Abulfaizkhan, 52 Abu Hanifa, 108,282 Abu Yousef, 108 Adolat, 31,174nl 19-120,231 Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, 4-5, 28,44,116,170,249 Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, 5, 7, 41, 305 Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, 14-15 Afghanistan, 25, 51, 53,63-64,67,69, 73, 82, 85-86,89,91-92, 94,99, 113,127-128,134-136,150,190, 215,218,231,233,238,242-243, 245,251-252,256-258,262-264, 267,270,273,276,279,285,295 Afghonov, Suhrob, 208 Afshar, Nadir Shah, 52 Aga Khan, Karim, 259 Agriculture, 25,32-33,45,56,61-62, 66,88,90, 95,100-103,105-106, 112,114,119,122,126-130,137, 156,220-221,227,233,242,247, 252,255,278 Aini Opera and Ballet Theatre, 46-47 Aini, Kamol, 22 Aini, Sadriddin, 4,13,16-18,21-32, 37,60n26, 60n29,63n35-37, 64,65n44, 66n47,67n51,67n53, 71n62,72n64,76-78,82-83,87, 93,101,106,120-121 Aitmatov, Chingiz, 13,28,225nl4,230, 232,254 Ajik, Mullo, 208 Akayev, Askar, 264 Akbarov, Haidarsho, 164 Aktau, 14 Aliev, Abbos, 37 alifioi niokoti, 151 Almaty (Alma-Ata), 5-11,14,21,23,35, 41,270-271,273,279,297 Altin Kiz, 8,10 Aminov, Jurabek, 204 Amirbekov, Atobek, 169, 233 Amu Daryo, 66,69,102,127
318 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Anglo-Russian Convention of 1872, 69 Anorgul, 74 Anzob, 126-127, 174,189, 195,199, 213,253 Apsamat, 8-10,12 Arg, 53-54,63,81, Ashkabat, 91,271,273-274,279 Asht, 175 Ashtarkhanids, 52 Ashurov, Davron, 158,179,197, 203 Ashurov, Muhriddin, 203-205 Ashurov, Urumbai, 105 Aslonov, Qadriddin, 138,142-143, 151-153,210 Atheism, 13-14,27,87,93,96-97,100, 113,119-126,133,145,148, 150, 215,220,224-226,266 Atobek, Amirbek, 156,233 Auezov, Mukhtar, 8,299 August Coup, 138,143,150-151,155 Ayoubzod, Salim, 263 Awqof, 26 Azimov, Amirqul, 183,189 Badakhshan, 25,53,65-66,94,127-128, 137,151,153-156,158,160,174, 177,202,204,223,229,233,240, 244,246,259,307 Badriddin (Qozi), 78 Baghokhoja, 78 Bain al-Nahrain, 53,300 Baljuon, 65,67-68,72-75 Barakat (market), 22,36,284 Bashiri, Carol, 1,6-9,11-13,15-17, 20-22,29-30,32,34,37,39,42 Basmachi, 22,59,81,84-86,90-94, 98-99,106, 115, 133, 148,300 Batu Khan, 52 Bek, 55,70-75,300 Beloyusov, Bakhtior, 168 Beshkent, 130 Birani, Aburaihan, 87,95 Bishkek, 14-16,260,277 Boighozi, 100 Boimatov, Ibod, 259 Bolshevik, 31, 51,84-86,225 Boqimuhammad, 52 Borbad, 3-4 Bozukin, Volodia, 32 Broydo, Grigory, 105 Bukhara (city of), 4-5,13,21-28, 30-32,37-40,51-94,97,99,102, 104-107,115,117,120,131,138, 150.215.224.280 Bukhara, Eastern, 51,53,67,69-72, 75, 85-86,89,102 Bukhara, Emirate of, 22,25,51-89,94, 107.115.131.280 Bukharin, Nikolai, 106 Burhanuddin, 78,264,270 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 266,269 Cadre, 7,25nl7,99,114,138,145,147, 149,208,210,214,219-221,223, 225,242,248,254,300 Centralization, 59,62 Chaghatai, 53 Charju, 15
Charkhy, Ya’qub, 116 Cherniaiev, Mikhail Grigorievich, 64 Chernyshev (deputy foreign minister), 267,269 Chimkent, 65 China, 99,229,233,245,253, 282 Chkalovsk, 106-107,140 Choikhona, 13,27,300 Chorbog, 115 Chorkor, 197 Choryakkoron, 197
Commission on National Reconcilia tion (CNR), 261,267,275-277, 280-281 Communist Manifesto, 26,96,100,220, 266 Communist Party of Tajikistan (CPT), 27, 89,105,114,136-139,156,175, 220,225,228-230,234,236-237, 260 Constitution, 88,158,164,166,170, 172,180,182-192,208,211,215, 216,234-235,240-242,245, 250-251,253,258-259,265-266, 268-272,276,286,298 Crimea, 52,64,76 Danghara, 45,194,206,288 Dar al-Shifa (library), 61 Darvoz, 65,68-69,75,128,270 Democracy, 51,83-84,87,90-92, 117-118,136,140,142-143, 148,150-155,157,170,173,183, 211,216,228nl7,229,231,234, 237-238,244-246,251,256,263, 265-266,272,276,279,282-284, 286-290,296 Democratic Party, 155-156,162,169, 174,228,229,231,233,236,287, 289 Dihnau, 74 Dohi (V. I. Lenin), 88,150,153,300 Donish, Ahmad, 17,60n25,63-64, 65n43,68,70n60,74-77, 87,284 Dostiev, Abdumajid Salimovich, 259, 262,265,269,278 Durrani, Ahmad Shah, 53 Dushanbe, 1-3,13-18,20,22-41, 43-45,74,91,94,103,105-106, 116-120,122,126-128,131-132, 136,138,140,143,149-150,153154,158-159,162,164-166,168, 170,175,177-179,181,183-196, 198-206,208,210-217,222-224, 226-227,229,231-233,237-239, 241,243-247,254,259-261, 263-264,269,277,282-285,287, 291-293,297-298 Dust, Dustmuhammad, 161 Dustov, Narzullo, 154-163,167-169, 171-172,175-176,239-240,298 Emomali, Rustam, 283,287 Engels, Friedrich, 96, 109n58 Faizaliev, Sherali, 208 Farkhor, 129 Ferdowsi, 2, 3,22,36,41,45,101,224 Ferghana valley, 52,84,108,115,118, 124,125,149,240,295 Fitrat, Abdura’uf, 63n34,64,67n52 Frunze, Mikhail Vasilyevich, 86 Gasprinski, Ismail, 76, 82 Ghafurov, Bobojon, 84n94,90,113-120, 227 Gharm,
106,107,121,124,125,137, 138,147,151,154,155,246,256 Ghij duvan, 85 Ghozimalik, 137,188,201 Ghuzor, 74 Glasnost', 115,138,143,150,155,210, 217-218,225,228,231,233,236, 293-294,301 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 135,138,143,150, 210,236 “Govkushon” (library), 61 Habibov, A., 164,179 Habibulloev, Hamidullo, 231 Habibulloev, Ismat, 179 Hait, 113 Hakim, Mirzo Široj, 77
320 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali, 45, 301 Hanafi (faith), 27,43,55,90,93,94nl7, 107-109,116,118,122,124-125, 136-137,140,144,148-150, 153,157,185-187,202,215,218, 225-226,240,297 Hanbal, Ahmad, 108 Hanbali (faith), 93,107-109,124,144, 148 Hanifa, Abu, 108,282 Hayoev, Izatullo, 141,152 Hikmatyar, 134-135 Himmatzoda, Muhammadsharif, 117, 152,156,161,169,232,263 Hindustoni, Muhammad, 115-118 Hisor, 3,67,69,72,74-75, 85-86, 101,121,126-128,139,155,162, 181-184,188-192,195,197,201, 202,204-206,208,210-214,240, 244-245,274,292-293,298 Homidov, A. M., 203 Homidov, Khalifabobo, 231 Hujum, 98,301 Husseinov, 189 Husynov, 93 Huvaidulloev, Nurullo, 171-172, 174-176,181,216,239 Ibrahim Beg, 106 Ibrohim, Qori, 173 Identity, 3,4,7,13,48-49,60,88-89,94, 105,107, 111, 121,219,226,228 Ideology, 2,27,103,105,108,122,124, 134,225,231,238,242,289-290 Ikrom, Muhammad, 77 Ikromi, Jalol, 28 Ikromov, Maqsud (mayor of Dushanbe), 151-153,175,210 Ikromov, Zafar, 207-209 Imomov, Chinor, 104 Infrastructure, 119,240,263,266, 282-286,288,290 Iran (Islamic Republic), 44,48-49,55, 68,71, 78,92,155,196, 203,214, 218n7, 226,231,232,233,238,245, 251-252,258,262,264,267,269, 275,278-280,283,295 IREX (international Research Exchanges Board), 1,13,19,29 Irjar, 65 IRPT (Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajik istan), 116,136-137,139,144-145, 148,151,154-156,169,173,175, 217,228-230,232,234,236-238, 254,261,283,289-290,293,296 Isfara, 114,126,142,145 Ishoqov, Boturjon, 198,201,208 Ishoqov, Ikrom, 208 Iskandar Bek, 8-12 Iskandarov, Akbarsho, 172-173, 177, 181,202,204,212
Iskandarov, 162,172-173,177,179,181, 187-188,198-207,209,212,246 Islam, 2,8,13,19,21,24,27,49,51,53, 57,60-61,80,90,93-94,97-100, 105,107-112,116-119,121-125, 133-134,137-138,143-145,148149,162,186,196,202,215,217, 218,224-227,230-233,238-240, 250,282,289,292,295,296 Islamabad, 269-270,279 Islamism, 80,91,99,118,139,142,151, 166,185,187,200,204,210,213, 225,234,235,241,266 Islamization, 52,138 Isma’ilis, 27,55,144,233,240,259 Ismon(ov), Davlati, 152,156,160-161, 165,179,187,262,276 Ispijak, 197 Iurchik, 27,186,301 Jabayev, Jambui, 8,301 Jadidist, 31,51,76-77,79,81-84,90,92, 99,105,301
Index Jalolov, Abdulhossein (Bokhtar), 137 Javonbukhorion, 81,83. See also Young Bukharans Jilikul, 137,183,188,190 Jizzakh, 65 Joltas Khan, 8-10,12-13 Jomi, 208,211 Kabul, 86,270,279 Kadiri, Abdurahmon, 287 Kalininabad, 131,173-174 Karim, Buri, 140-142,17ІПІ09, 172ПІ11-112,173nl 15-117, 174nl21,176nl28,177nl36, 178nl41,181nl, 209n85-86, 211-212,229nl8-19,237,238n5, 241nl 1,259 Karimov, Jamshid, 176 Karminah, 64,67,78-80 Katta-Qurqon, 66 Kashmir, 115,117 Kazakhstan, 1,5-8,12-14,41,43-44, 92,123,242,244,251-252,254, 264,267,271 Kenjaev, Safarali, 43,49-50,143-177, 179-180nl42-143,181-203,206216,224,226-227,234,239-240, 287,291-292,298 Khairulloev, S., 161,169,179 Khatlon, 182,301 Khiva, 30, 52-53,55nl2,73 Khojaev, Faizullo, 83,85,92-93 Kholiqov, Muhammadjon, 153 Khoromov, Albert, 3-4 Khorugh, 154,174,233,246,260,268 Khosdeh, 276,278-279 Khovaling, 71,74-75 Khudoberdiyev, Mahmud, 259-260 Khudonazarov, Davlat, 3,18,153-155, 165,168-169,171,231,233 Khujand, 15-18,21,29,45-46,65-66, 69,89,105-107,120,137-140, 155n46,172,178,181-182,184, 187,198-201,204-214,222, 231,234-235,240-241,242nl5, 249-251,253,260,265,268,280, 282,285,290,292-293,298 Khujandi, Kamal, 46-48 Khuttalon, 74 Kimiiagarov, Bentsiion Arievich, 3 Kinegas, 62,67 Kinostudio, 3-4,18 Kittani, Ismat, 266 Kofarnihon, 91,100,117-118,130, 142,162,165,174,177,183,189, 192-193,198,206 Kogon, 81-82 Kolesov, Fyodor Ivanovich, 83, 85 Kolkhozes, 24,28, ЗО, 88,96,103-105, 129-130,145,153,159,186,197, 221,229,236-238,241,280,283, 293-294,302 Kosimov, S., 278 Kosimova, Marvorid, 2 Koval, Ivon, 121 Kuhisten,
37,59,65,69,74,95,104,122, 126-127,130,219,223-244,294, 302 Kuibishev, 231 Kulob, 18,20-21,25,33,45,67,72ո63, 73-75,78, 86,101,119,122, 128-130,137,139,142,151,154, 158,162,171-173,175,178,181, 184-185,188-193,195-196, 198-199,201-204,207-208,210211,214,217,222-223,227,231, 240-241,253,263,283,288-289, 291-292,294,298 Kunanbayev, Abai, 7,12,299,302 Kyrgyzstan, 1,5,8,13-15,92,242, 244-245,251,264,267,271,277 Lahuti, Abulqasim, 93,101,104, 120-121,302 321
322 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan La'li Badakhshon (movement), 153-155, 156,169,229,233 Langariev, Langari, 177,181,187-191, 194-195, 198-201,207-208,211 Language law, 20,133,139,223 Latifi, Otakhon, 152,164,170,263,268 Laqai, 69, 75 Lenin, Vladimir, 6,22, 88-89,91-92, 104,110,117,122,139,150-151, 153,162,165,197,210,229,284, 292,300 Leninabad, 95,127,151,153-156,158, 162,172-173,178,188-189,203, 207,211,221,240-241 Liberated Youth Organization (LYO), 134-135,225 Ligachev, Yegor, 135 Lilienthal, 79 Lomonosov, 173 Lutfulloev, Nusratullo Makhsum, 104 Ma rifat (clique), 228 Mafia, 33-35,146-148,154,218,239, 248,259,287,297 Mahkamov, Qahhor, 137-148,150-152, 155,158,210,227,287 Mahmadov (general), 160,248n22 Mahmud Khoja, 76 Makhsum, Nusratullo, 104 Manghit, Muhammad Rahim, 53 Manghits, 37,53-54,56, 60-62,66-68, 70,73-75,79-80,86,215 Mankurt, 225,230,302 Mansurov, Jamoliddin, 211 Markazi, 100,130 Martovitskii (Major-General), 160 Marx, Karl, 96,110 Maschoh, 106 Mashhad, 277,279,281 Maskva, 129 Mas’ud, Ahmadshah, 276 Maududi, Sayyid Abul Ala, 125,295 Media, 167,171,189,191,194,218, 236-237,258-262,271,277,286, 289.294.296 Merrem, Gerd, 267,280-281 MIA (Ministry of Interior Affairs), 154156,160,165-166,168-169,188 Military wing, 202,214 Minneapolis, 2,4,6,8,14,37,44,48 Mir Arab Madrasa, 117,123 Miri Zárd, 73 Mirrahim, Mirbobo, 144,152,161 Mirzoalieva, Muharrama, 164 Mirzo Abulazim Somi, 67 Mirzo Dovud Huseynov, 105 Mirzo Široj Hakim, 77 Mirzoev, Akbar, 154,158,167,169 Mirzoev, Ghaffor, 121 Moscow, 14,34-35,48, 89,90,94,110, 113,118,120-121,135,137-138,
143,155,218,220-221,225, 234,236,238,252,261,262-264, 267-268,270-271,275-279,281, 294.296 Mu’minobod, 74,129 Muborakqadamov, Ruslan, 179 Mufti, 8,55,93,123, 111, 245,259,274, 289,302 Muhammad Amin, 115 Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab, 109 Muhammadinov, A., 85 Muhiddinov, NuriddinAkramovich, 119 Mukhtorov, Ahror, 60n27,70n61, 86n97, 114 Mullo Mirza, 74 Mullo Qamariddin, 78 Mullosafhr, 74-75 Muslim Tajiks, 1,14,88,90,93-94,105, 112-113,132,134,224 Muzaffar (amir), 32,37,40,51, 58-60, 64-65,67-70,79
Index Nabiev, Rahmon, 121,137-139, 145, 149-150,153-163,165-169,171182,185,207,209-210,213-215, 217,222,227,233-234,240,242, 253,259,291-293,298 Nagorno-Karabakh, 140 Naqshbandiyyah, 118 Narshakhi, 97 Nasaf, 80 Nasriddinov, Hikmatullo, 138nl24, 140n4,147,148n28-29,155n45, 158,179,211-212,213n92,222, 223n23,242nl5 Nasrullah (amir), 37, 51, 59,60-64,68, 79 Nasrullo, Habibullo, 211 National Reconciliation, Government of (GNR), 139,170-171,181-215, 297 National Reconciliation, Committee on, 272 National Reconciliation, Council of, 273 Nationalism, 22,91,93,136,218,223, 225-226,228,232,234,238 Navjuvonov, Mamadayoz, 141,154,155, 156-158,163,166-167,175,182, 198 Navruz (palace), 284 Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 286,264,271 Nazarov, Talbak, 262,274,277 Nazir, 74 New-method schools, 68,71,75-76, 78-79,81 Nicholas II (Emperor), 70,84 Niozov (general), 160,171-172 Nomenklatura, 25nl7,214,219-220, 223,303 Norak, 45,74,100-101,114,127,194, 206,211,293 NSC (National Security Committee), 171,188,204,254 Nuri, Said Abdullo, 115-118,134-135, 138,160-161,227,260,262-264, 266,270-273,275-278,280-281, 295 Odilov, Hadyatullo, 142 Odina,Jum’a, 121 Odina, Muhammad, 74 Odinaev, Rajabali, 288 Olim Khan (amir), 31,37, 51,53,56, 66n48,71,77,79-86, 89-91,301 Olimpur, Muhiddin, 216,274 Olimzoda, Karomatullo, 217-218,235n2 Oljaboev, Tursun, 120 One Belt One Road (project), 282 Oshkoro (organization), 172 Osimi, Muhammad (academician), 3n4, 216,260 Otajonov, Qorbonboi (Kolkhozobod), 137 Ozodi (square), 162-164,171-173,187, 191,195,247 Pallaev, Ghoibnazar, 141-142,149 Pamir, 69,121,126,138,147,154-156, 233,285
Panj (river), 100,102,127,129,243 Panjshir valley, 276, Pasha, Enver, 91,215 Pastukhov, Boris, 267 Peace accord, 235-236,261-284 Perestroika, 27n23,115,136,143,150, 210, 217-218,225,228,236,287, 293-295, 303 PFT (People’s Front of Tajikistan), 182-196,198-208,210,212 Piriz-Ballon, Ramiro, 266-269,273 Plenum, 142 Politburo, 119,141 Political wing, 202-203,214,234,240, 246 323
324 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Ponghoz (palace), 50,175 Posiyolka, 101,128,130,303 Potovskii, Grigorii, 101 Potovsky bridge, 195,201 Poyan dashoev, 200 Presidium, 158-159,164 Primakov, Yevgeny, 266 Protopopov, Dmitrii, 105 Putsch, 150,155 Qabodion, 183,190,243 Qaderiyya, 118 Qadiri, A., 85 Qahhorov (general), 160,167 Qahhorov, S. (opposition member), 161 Qalandarov, Mahmadsharif (Qozimolik), 137 Qaradum, 130 Qaratoq, 100 Qaravuti, 130 Qarotegin, 88,121,128,137,147,151, 154,165,194,204,270,276 Qarshi, 30,39-40,66-67 Qashqa Dariyo (river), 89 Qatar, 282 Qiyomuddin, Hoji Said, 158,160,171 Qizilsu (river), 100 Qoqand, 52,65, 84,91-92,115 Qpzi, 55,78,152,303 Qozikalon, 55-58,77-78,118,141,196, 303 Qoziyyot, 152,159,170,175, 111, 292, 303 Qunqurat, 67 Qurbonov, Abdukarim, 204 Qurbonov, N., 174 Qurghonteppa, 18,33,45,72n63,102, 107,116,119,121-122,125,128, 130-132,134-135,137,147,149, 160,173-175,177-178,184-186, 192-193,196,204,206-207,211, 214,217,223,228,231,237,244, 246,247,259,289-291,295 Qushbegi, 54-56,75,77,78, 303 Qutaiba ibn Muslim, 97,138 Qutb, Sayyid, 125,295 Rabbani, Burhanuddin, 264,270,276 Radical Muslims, 90,93,107-109,116, 121-122,124-125,136-137,140, 148-150,153,155,157,162,186187,202,215,225-226,282,305 Rahim(ov), Saif, 3,18,36,216 Rahimov, Hussein, 37,40-43 Rahimov, Qosim, 137 Rahimova, Zibo, 36 Rahimova, Zulfiya, 36-39,41-42,45,49 Rahmanberdi, 61 Rahmon, Emomali, 44,47,49-50,74, 235nl, 266,281-283,287-289 Rahmon, Zarina, 287 Rahmonov, Emomali Sharipovich, 25nl8,43-45,198n50,207,218n8, 235.241- 283,286,293,298 Rahmonov (general), 160,165
Rajabov, A. (executive manager MIA), 160,166-167 Rajabov, Askarali, 22 Rajabov, Safarali, 259 Ramadan Id (celebration), 157 Rastokhiz (party), 144,154-156,169, 228-229,231,236 Rasulov,Jabbor, 90,117,120-121,125, 132,137, 111 Reconstruction, 251,255-256,258,262, 283 Refugee, 140,175,201,205-206,216, 239.242-245,251,253-254, 261,267-268,271-272,276-279, 281,308 Regionalism, 148,173,190,201,218, 222,280,289,293-294
Index Rizoev, Jonkhon, 181-182,187-192, 194-196,198-199,201,203,208, 212,215 Roghun (Rogun), 270,285 Romit (gorge), 18,174,246 Ru ba Ru (clique), 228 Rudaki, Abu Abdullah, 101,284,304 Rudzutak, Janis, 106 Russian Federation, 140,150,168,189, 204,242,245-246,252,254,262, 264,267 Russian Rifle Division, 140,168,176, 189,192,194-195,198-199,203, 205,208,215,253-254,265 Rustamov, Qimat, 207 Sadoi Mardum (newspaper), 31,165, 24ІПІ0,244nl8 Sadriddinov, Qalandar, 137 SADŮM (Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan), 123-124 Safarov, A., 109,110n59,113n68, 113n70,117n79-80,120n83, 125n92,133,135nll3 Safarov, Sangak, 43,164,172-173, 177-178,181,186-192,194-195, 199-201,203,207,211-212,246, 254,291 Safieva, Gulrukhsor, 142 Sagadiev, Erlan, 5-6,10 Saidmurodov, Kh., 127n94,128n96, 129n98,161,169 Saidov, Abdullo (Vakhsh), 137 Saidov, Faizali, 93,181,184,189,191, 194-195,199-201,208,246,291 Saidov, Yusuf, 195 Saifulloev, A., 171-172,239-240 Salimov, Yaqub, 259 Salimov, Yakov, 278 Salimov, Ya’qubj on, 199 Salomov, Mahmadrasul (jilikul), 137 Samanid, 86,150,280 Samarqand, 4-5,13,32,52-54,65-66, 69,74, 86, 89,107,224 Sangov, Saifiddin, 208 Sarband, 100,119,130 Sattorov, Abdunabi, 160 Saudi Arabia, 109-110,124,134,149, 155,204,215,226,295 Savdo, Abduqodir, 76 Secularism, 24,68,118,151,210-211, 215,228,231,234,239,245,250, 263,266,282-284,286,288-290, 293, 296,298 Security, 14,19-21,29,32,41,55,57, 71,81,99,122,147,158,161,165, 170,171,176,188,204-205,209, 221,234,238,243,245,253-254, 267, 274,279,282 Selbur, 129 Serai, 67 Shabdolov, Shodi, 229 Shadunts, Suren,
105-106 Shafi’i (faith), 27 Shahidon (square), 156,159,161-163, 166-167,169,172,247,304 Shahrisabz, 30,74-75 Shaiban Khan, 52 Shamsiddin Shohin, 76 Sharia, 22,55, 60,79,93,113-114,116, 118-119,125,136,175,183,197, 225,227, 235, 304 Sharifzoda, Fathullo (Mufti), 245,259, 273-274 Sharifzoda, Haidar, 142,164,172 Sharshar, 100,119,130,191,198,204, 208 Shawroi Eslamia, 84 Sherabad, 67, 130 Sheralizoda, Murodullo, 165 Shiyen, 8,10,11,13 325
326 The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan Sbokurov, Muhammadjon, 164 Shomansur (market), 36,284 Shotimur, Shirinsho, 104 Shukurov, Taghoikhon, 183 Siddiqi, Ahmad Khoja (Ajzi), 77 Sina, Abu Ali Ihn, 57,87,95,101,224, 301 Sitodi Najoti Vatan (front), 174 Siterai Mohi Khosa (palace), 54 Sobir, Bozor, 142,152 Socialism, 30, 51, 94, 97,114,116-117, 119,122,124,126,148,238,240, 289,296 Socialists, 22,42, 51,55,88,93,96-97, 99,102,106,110,117-118,121, 131,137,235-236,238-239,290, 294 Sohibnazar, Asliddin, lnl, 86-87, 97n24,104,122n90,142,145, 15Sn46,161-163,167nl02,168, 179,203n70,209,222nl 1,228nl7, 233n25 Somi, Mirzo Abdulazim, 67 Somoni, Ismo’il, 95,284 Sorbon, 19-21,23,30-32,37,41-42 Soviet Muslims, 93,95,109-110, 121-125,148-149 Soviet Tajiks, 24,88,90,93,95,99,102, 105,112,113n69,117-118,121, 124-126,130-132,157,180,183, 236,289-290 Sovietization, 13, 25,27,55,88-138 Sovkhozes, 24,28,88,96, 103,105,116, 129-130,145,153,186,221,229, 236-238,280,294,304 Sovnarkom, 8Sn96 Stalin, Joseph, 94,112,116,118 Stalinabad, 89,93,101,105,114 Stolypin, Petr, 80 Sughd, 120,287 Surkhob, 129 Supreme Soviet, 43,49,138,142-143, 147,150-153,155-169,171-172, 174-179,181,184-185,187-189, 191,196-197,199-202,204-206, 208-210,212-213,228-229,234֊ 235,237-242,244,246,249-251, 254,256,259,265,269,280,292, 294,298 Surkhon Dariyo, 89 Systematic reforms, 240,266,282-283, 285-290 Tabarov, Nur, 241 Tarbiai Atfol, 76 Tashrabat, 130 Tashkent, 15-16,18,36-41, 65-66,84, 104,115,117,118,123-124 Tavildara, 27,107,116,124-125,194, 260.274.276 Tehran, 37,261,266,268-269,271, 275-279,281 Termez, 40,102-104,127
Turaev, Sayfiddin, 154,161-162,176, 179,209 Turaj onzoda, Haji Akbar, 43,115, 117-118,136,141-142,145,152, 155-156,160-163,176,185, 196-198,209,217,227,246,258, 263,269,270-271,273-274, 277-279,292 Türkistan, 52,65,72,83-84,85ո96, 89 Turkmenistan, 15, 85-86, 92, 104, 116, 245, 252, 260, 264 Tursunov, Akbar, 28 Tursunov, H., 89ո2 Tursunov, Rizo, 161 Tursunzoda, A., 170 Tursunzoda, Mirzo, 121 Tursunzoda (town), 162,181,813, 185-187,189-191,194,199,213, 244.259.276
Index Vose) Qurbon, 227nl6,241,243nl7, 248n21 Ubaidulloev, Mahmadsaid, 198, 207, 262,270-271,274,278,283 Ulughzoda, Sotim, 37,121 Uroteppa, 65-66 Usmon(ov), Ibrahim, 258n42,262,265, 268n57,269n60,270n63,271n65, 274n69,275n71m 276 Usmonov, U. Gh., 179 UTO (United Tajik Opposition), 228, 235-236,261,263,272-273, 276-277,279-281,308 Uzbekistan, 5,15,37,86, 88-89,91-92, 94,103-104,106,124,127,137, 224,242,244-245,252,254,267, 271,275 Wahhabism, 27, 93,94nl7,107-109, 118,124-125,136,140,144, 148-151, 155,157,202-204, 215, 223, 226-227, 240,263, 292, 295-297 Wufchik, 27,177,186,305 Yakhsu, 129 Yakovlev, Alexander, 135 Yange-Qurghon, 65 Yaqnob(i), 65 Yeltsin, Boris, 168,203,264,278 Yoddoshtho, 21-23,26n19-20,27,30, 120 Young Bukharans, 51,82n92,83, 85, 90-93. See also Javonbukhorion Yovon, 102,126-127,130-131,162, 165,191 Yusuf(ov), Shodmon, 152,156,160-161, 169,174,231 Vaezi, Mahmoud (Iranian deputy foreign minister), 267,269 Vahdat (palace), 284 Vakhsh, 100,103,107,113,119-121, 124,126-128,130-131,137,173, 205,212,253 Vakhshonzamin, 174-176 Valikbanov, Chokan, 8,305 Varzob (gorge), 2-3,18,35,100,103, 104,119,162,183 Von Kaufman, Konstantin, 64-65 Vorobiev, Eduard (LieutenantGeneral), 200 Vose' (of Khovaling), 60,71,72n66, 74-75 Zarafshon, 53,189,201 Zardakov, 211 Zio, Sadri, 77 Ziois, 155,219,234,237,294,296,306 Zirabuloq, 65 Zuhurov, Shukurjon, 259,268 Zuhurov, Sievush, 287 — v Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München - J 327 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Bashiri, Iraj 1940- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1101220945 |
| author_facet | Bashiri, Iraj 1940- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bashiri, Iraj 1940- |
| author_variant | i b ib |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046809184 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1190673716 (DE-599)BVBBV046809184 |
| dewey-full | 958.6086 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 958 - Central Asia |
| dewey-raw | 958.6086 |
| dewey-search | 958.6086 |
| dewey-sort | 3958.6086 |
| dewey-tens | 950 - History of Asia |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Tadschikistan |
| id | DE-604.BV046809184 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:58:29Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-22T11:01:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781644692875 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032217784 |
| oclc_num | 1190673716 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 327 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200817 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Academic Studies Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Central Asian studies |
| spelling | Bashiri, Iraj 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)1101220945 aut The history of the civil war in Tajikistan Iraj Bashiri Boston, MA Academic Studies Press 2020 327 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Central Asian studies In the 10th century, the Turks separated the Tajiks, a Central Asian community, from their Iranian kinfolk. The Tajiks adopted the Hanafi faith and, alongside ethnicity, made it a pillar of their identity. Between 1920 and 1990, the Soviets tried to alter the Tajiks' identity. While they could affect the Tajiks' social status substantially (cf. Afghanistan), they failed in changing the Tajiks' ideology. Instead, they became involved in a conflict that pitted Soviet Tajiks against radical Muslim Tajiks, the latter intentionally misidentified as Wahhabis by the Soviets. The question was about the viability of enforcing the secular Soviet constitution versus the Islamic Shari'a. Inability to resolve the dispute led to civil war (1992). The volume traces the conflict from its roots in Bukhara to the establishment of an independent secular Tajik state (1997). Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Tadschikistan Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4384039-5 gnd rswk-swf Tadschikistan (DE-588)4058877-4 gnd rswk-swf Tajikistan / History Tajikistan / Politics and government Tajikistan / History / Civil War, 1992-1994 Tajikistan / Social conditions Bashiri, Iraj Kenjaev, S. Politics and government Social conditions Tajikistan 1992-1994 History Tadschikistan Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4384039-5 s DE-604 Tadschikistan (DE-588)4058877-4 g Geschichte z Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-64469-288-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217784&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217784&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217784&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Bashiri, Iraj 1940- The history of the civil war in Tajikistan Tadschikistan Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4384039-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4384039-5 (DE-588)4058877-4 |
| title | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan |
| title_auth | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan |
| title_exact_search | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan |
| title_full | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan Iraj Bashiri |
| title_fullStr | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan Iraj Bashiri |
| title_full_unstemmed | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan Iraj Bashiri |
| title_short | The history of the civil war in Tajikistan |
| title_sort | the history of the civil war in tajikistan |
| topic | Tadschikistan Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4384039-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tadschikistan Bürgerkrieg Tadschikistan |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217784&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217784&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217784&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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