International human rights law and practice:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, USA ; Port Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; New Delhi, India ; Singapore
Cambridge University Press
2020
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| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
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| Beschreibung: | lxvi, 941 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781108711753 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Table of Cases List of Abbreviations Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 International Human Rights Law and Notions of Human Rights: Foundations, Achievements and Challenges Introduction The Development of Human Rights and International Human Rights Law 1.2.1 Foundations 1.2.2 The American and French Declarations of Rights 1.2.3 The Struggle for Rights in the Nineteenth Century 1.2.4 World War I, the League of Nations and Human Rights 1.2.5 World War II, the Holocaust and the Foundations of the International Human Rights System 1.2.6 The UDHR: Origins, Content and Significance 1.2.7 Cold War and Decolonisation 1.2.8 The Growth of International Human Rights Law Current Challenges 1.3.1 International/Cross-border Dimension of Violations 1.3.2 Responsibility of Multiple Actors 1.3.3 Effective Monitoring and Implementation 1.3.4 Human Rights Imperialism and Exceptionalism The Idea of Human Rights: Theories and Critiques 1.4.1 Moral and Liberal Human Rights Theories 1.4.2 Meeting the Challenge: Reconstructing Human Rights Universal Human Rights: Contestations and Practices 1.5.1 The Debate Interview 1.1: Human Rights and the Uprisings in the Arab World (Moataz El Fegiery) 1.5.2 Experiences in Combating Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation Further Reading page xxi lix 1 4 4 6 б 8 10 12 14 15 19 21 24 24 25 26 28 30 31 33 36 36 41 45 49
viii Contents 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 International Human Rights Law: The Normative Framework Introduction Sources 2.2.1 Treaties 2.2.1.1 Treaty-making 2.2.1.2 Reservations 2.2.2 Customary International Law 2.2.2.1 The UDHR and Customary International Law 2.2.3 Judicial Decisions as Source of Law 2.2.4 Soft Law 2.2.5 UNDRIP: A Soft Law Success Story? 2.2.6 Jus Cogens and Erga Omnes Principles, Rights, Obligations and Scope of Application 2.3.1 Principles 2.3.2 The Concept of Rights 2.3.3 The Right to Equality and Non-discrimination 2.3.4 Obligations 2.3.5 Derogation in Times of Emergency 2.3.6 Scope of Application Implementation 2.4.1 The Role of National Human Rights Institutions Interview 2.1: Reflections on the Work of Uganda’s Human Rights Commission (Med S. K. Kaggwa) State Responsibility and Human Rights Treaties as Self-contained Regimes Practical Application: The Role of Law Reform Interview 2.2: The Campaign to Repeal Pakistan’s Hudood Laws (Sohail A. Warraich) Further Reading Human Rights in Practice Introduction Civil Society Social Movements NGOs 3.4.1 General Considerations 3.4.2 Human Rights NGOs 3.4.3 Assessing the Role of Human Rights NGOs Human Rights Defenders Case Study 3.1: NGOs and Human Rights Protection in Sudan Legal Professionals and Human Rights Health Professionals and Human Rights Human Rights Field Officers 50 50 53 53 53 56 60 63 64 66 67 69 73 73 74 78 79 80 83 84 88 89 93 95 99 102 ЮЗ 103 104 106 108 108 111 112 117 121 122 126 127
ix Contents 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 Interview 3.1: Experiences of a UN Human Rights Officer (Huma Shakeb Khan) Human Rights Strategies 3.9.1 Documentation and Fact-finding Interview 3.2: Documenting Human Rights Violations in Volatile Environments: The Libyan Experience(Elham Saudi) 3.9.2 Human Rights Reporting 3.9.3 Monitoring 3.9.4 Advocacy 3.9.5 Awareness-raising, Capacity-building and Human Rights Education Case Study 3.2: Responding to Serious Human Rights Violations in Darfur, Sudan - Strategies, Critiques, Impact Further Reading The United Nations Charter System Introduction The Human Rights Dimension of the Charter The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights The HRC 4.4.1 The UPR 4.4.2 The HRC’s Complaints Procedure Special Procedures Interview 4.1: With Former UN Independent Expert (Cephas Lumina) 4.5.1 Communications 4.5.2 Country Visits 4.5.3 Annual Reports Case Study 4.1 : Reprisals against Those Collaborating with UN Human Rights Procedures The UNGA and Human Rights The UNSC 4.7.1 Fact-finding in Practice: The UN Mission in theGaza Conflict Further Reading The UN Human Rights Treaty System Introduction Common Features of International Human Rights Treaty Bodies Reporting Procedure 5.3.1 Overview Interview 5.1: Using Shadow Reports to Promote Gender Equality and Combat Sexual Violence: South Africa (Lesley Ann Foster) 5.3.2 Strengthening the Reporting Procedure 129 131 131 135 139 142 144 147 151 155 156 156 158 161 162 166 170 173 176 177 178 179 180 181 183 188 192 194 194 196 200 200 204 207
x Contents 5.4 General Comments/Recommendations 211 5.5 Complaints Procedures and Jurisprudence of Treaty Bodies 5.5.1 Overview 5.5.2 The HRCtee 5.5.3 Breadwinners, Social Security and Discrimination: Zwaan-de Vries v. The Netherlands 5.5.4 The CERD 5.5.5 Still Facing Discrimination: Durmic v. Serbia and Montenegro 5.5.6 The CtAT 5.5.7 Rendered Defenceless: Agiza v. Sweden 5.5.8 The CtEDAW 5.5.9 ‘We Don’t Believe You’: Vertido v. The Philippines 5.5.10 The CtRPD 5.5.11 Shortchanged: Nyusti and Takács v. Hungary 5.5.12 Achievements and Challenges Interview 5.2: Working for the CESCR (Eibe Riedel) Further Reading 214 214 217 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 Regional Human Rights Treaty Systems Introduction The European Human Rights System 6.2.1 Overview 6.2.2 The ECHR 6.2.3 Key Institutions 6.2.4 The ECtHR: Structure and Functions 6.2.5 Jurisprudence of the ECtHR 6.2.5.1 Development of the ECtHR’sJurisprudence 6.2.5.2 The ECtHR’s Interpretation of the ECHR 6.2.5.3 Responses to the ECtHR’s Jurisprudence 6.2.6 Impact Interview 6.1: The Nature and Impact of Litigation Concerning Turkey (Başak Çali) Interview 6.2: The Nature and Impact of Litigation Concerning Turkey and Russia (Bill Bowring) 6.2.7 The Struggle for Efficiency, Effectiveness and Institutional Reforms 6.2.8 The EU The Inter-American Human Rights System 6.3.1 Overview 6.3.2 The IACHR 6.3.3 The LACtHR 220 222 223 224 226 227 229 230 232 233 234 237 239 239 241 241 243 245 245 246 246 249 251 253 255 258 261 264 267 267 269 271
xi Contents 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 6.3.4 Impact Interview 6.3: An Intimate Experience of the IACtHR as Litigant and Senior Staff Attorney (Oswaldo Ruiz-Chiriboga) The African Human Rights System 6.4.1 Overview 6.4.2 The ACmHPR Case Study 6.1 : Modist v. Botswana and the Question of Nationality Rights 6.4.3 Impact 6.4.4 The ACtHPR 6.4.5 African Regional Economic Courts Interview 6.4: Making the System Work (IbrahimaKane) The Arab Human Rights System Towards an Asian Human Rights System? Comparison of Regional Systems Further Reading Individual Complaints Procedures Introduction Admissibility 7.2.1 Jurisdiction 7.2.1.1 Rationae Personae: Who can Bring a Complaint? 7.2.1.2 Against Whom can a Complaint beBrought? Case Study 7.1: Protection against the Implementation of UNSC Sanctions: Sayadi and Vinck v.Belgium 7.2.1.3 Rationae Materiae: What Rights? 7.2.1.4 Jurisdiction in Respect of Extraterritorial Conduct 7.2.1.5 The Long Reach of the ECHR: Al-Skeini v. UK 7.2.1.6 Rationae Temporis: When? 7.2.2 Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies 7.2.2.1 What Remedies Must be Exhausted? 7.2.2.2 ‘An Affront to Common Sense and Logic’: Dawda Jawara v. The Gambia 7.2.3 Other Procedural Requirements 7.2.3.1 Time Limits 7.2.3.2 Duplication 7.2.3.3 Well-foundedness 7.2.3.4 Abuse of Rights 7.2.3.5 Anonymity Merits Decisions by Human Rights Treaty Bodies Implementation of Decisions and Judgments 276 277 280 280 283 287 287 289 291 293 297 298 300 301 304 304 306 307 307 310 312 313 313 316 318 319 320 323 324 324 325 326 326 327 327 330 333
xii Contents 7.6 7.7 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Case Study 7.2: Restoring Ancestral Lands to Indigenous Peoples Mayagna (Sumo) Awas TingniCommunity v. Nicaragua Additional Procedural Options 7.6.1 Interim Measures 7.6.2 Friendly Settlements Interview 7.1: Nepal before the Human Rights Committee (Mandıra Sharma) The Hissène Habré Case: The Interplay between Domestic, Regional and International Proceedings Further Reading Civil and Political Rights Introduction The Right to Life 8.2.1 Practice 8.2.2 Sources 8.2.3 The Prohibition of Arbitrary Deprivationof Life 8.2.4 McCann v. United Kingdom: Absolute Necessity in the European Court of Human Rights’s Jurisprudence Case Study 8.1: The Killing of Bin Laden and the Right to Life 8.2.5 The Death Penalty under InternationalLaw 8.2.6 Positive Obligations to Protect the Right to Life 8.2.6.1 Providing Protection against Threats to Life 8.2.6.2 Duty to Investigate, Prosecute and Punish and to Provide Redress 8.2.7 A Right to Survival? The Right to be Free from Torture and OtherIll-treatment 8.3.1 Practice 8.3.2 Sources 8.3.3 The Absolute Prohibition of Torture 8.3.4 The Case of Gdfgen and the German Torture Debate 8.3.5 The Definition of Torture and Other Forms of Ill-treatment and Punishment 8.3.6 Obligations Interview 8.1: The Role of Medical Documentation in Combating Torture: Istanbul Protocol (Dr Önder Özkalipçi) The Right to Liberty and Security of Person 8.4.1 Practice 8.4.2 Sources 8.4.3 Scope of the Right to Liberty and Security 8.4.4 Justification of Arrest and Detention 8.4.5 Administrative Detention: Law and Power in the Pursuit of
Policy 337 338 338 340 341 345 348 350 350 351 351 353 353 354 356 357 359 360 362 363 365 365 367 367 368 370 375 377 380 380 381 381 382 385
xiii Contents 8.5 The Right to a Fair Trial 8.5.1 Practice 8.5.2 Sources 8.5.3 Main Features of the Right to aFair Trial 8.5.3.1 General Principles 8.5.3.2 Criminal Proceedings Case Study 8.2: The Problem with Military and Special Courts Enforced Disappearance as Multiple Human RightsViolation Interview 8.2: Inquiries into Enforced Disappearances in Sri Lanka (M. C. M. Iqbal) Qualified Rights, with a Particular Focuson Freedomof Expression 8.7.1 Practice 8.7.2 Sources 8.7.3 Freedom of Religion vs Freedomof Expression 8.7.4 To Wear or Not to Wear: Freedom of Conscience and Religion, the Rights of Women and the Veil Further Reading 8.6 8.7 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Introduction Brief Historical Context of ESC Rights Progressive Realisation and the Nature ofState Obligations Resource Implications: The Obligation to Utilise ‘Maximum Available Resources’ Case Study 9.1: United States Budget Allocated to Primary and Secondary Education Minimum Core Obligations Justiciability of ESC Rights 9.6.1 Individual Communications and the ICESCR Optional Protocol 9.6.2 The ECSR Extraterritoriality of ESC Rights Indicators and Benchmarks for MeasuringCompliance Case Study 9.2: Indicators on the Right to Food The Right to Health Interview 9.1: Greek NG0 Implements the Right to Health for the Socially Excluded (Tzanetos Antypas) The Right to Water Case Study 9.3: The Deprivation of Water Rights as Cruel and Inhuman Treatment The Right to Education The Right to Food Cultural Rights Further Reading 389 389 390 391 391 392 394
395 399 403 403 404 406 408 410 412 412 413 416 421 426 426 429 433 434 436 437 442 443 445 447 450 450 453 457 461
xiv Contents 10 Group Rights: Self-determination, Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Introduction The Nature of Collective Rights 10.2.1 External Self-determination 10.2.2 Exceptionalism in the External Dimension of Self-determination 10.2.3 A Test for Sovereignty in the Era of FiscalOccupation’ Case Study 10.1: Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil Minorities as a Subject of Human Rights 10.3.1 The Historical and Political Context: Should Minorities be Treated Differently from Majorities? 10.3.2 Membership Rights Case Study 10.2: The Malay Bumiputra Policy Indigenous Peoples: Is there a Need for Additional Protection? 10.4.1 Indigenous Rights over Traditional Lands 10.4.2 Indigenous Land Rights in Contemporary International Law 10.4.3 Indigenous Ownership as a Right to Property 10.4.4 Special Considerations in the Design of Indigenous Peoples’ Development Plans within the World Bank 10.4.5 The Chad-Cameroon Pipeline and the Baka/Bakola: What to Look for in Social Impact Assessments Further Reading The Human Rights of Women Introduction Normative Framework 11.2.1 Key Violations of Women’s Human Rights: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 11.2.2 Critiques of CEDAW 11.2.3 CEDAW, Violence against Women and Reproductive Rights Conceptual Development 11.3.1 The Development of Feminist Legal Theory and Women’s Human Rights 11.3.2 Critiques of Liberal and Non-discrimination Approaches to Women’s Human Rights 11.3.3 Critiques of Western’ Feminist Approaches to Women’s Human Rights 11.3.4
Sex, Gender and Sexuality Women’s Human Rights and Domestic Contexts: ‘Honour Crimes’ in the English Legal System 11.4.1 Definitions and Concepts of‘Honour’ 463 463 464 466 470 472 476 478 480 483 488 490 494 495 497 501 504 506 508 508 510 510 513 515 526 526 528 530 534 535 536
xv Contents 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 11.4.2 Practical Legal Approaches to ‘Honour Crimes’: Culture, Gender and Mainstreaming 11.4.3 Non-state Actors and Due Diligence: A Human Rights Response? Case Study 11.1: Banaz Mahmod Further Reading 539 541 543 Children s Rights 544 Introduction Childhood: A Non-static Concept The Need for a Specialised Protection Regime Fundamental Principles 12.4.1 The Child’s Best Interests 12.4.2 The Child’s Right to be Heard 12.4.3 Right to Life, Survival and Development 12.4.3.1 Child Soldiers 12.4.4 Non-discrimination Case Study 12.1: Discrimination against Fathers in Custody Proceedings: The Critical Roleof Neuroscience Interview 12.1: The State of Children’s Rights (Benyam Dawit Mezmur) Children’s Right to be Free from Poverty Case Study 12.2: Anti-child Poverty Legislation in the United Kingdom and Austerity Measures Further Reading 544 545 547 549 550 553 555 556 559 The Recognition and Protection of the HumanRights of Vulnerable Groups and Persons 537 560 563 567 572 576 577 Introduction 577 Vulnerability and International Human Rights Law 578 Vulnerable Groups and Persons 581 13.3.1 Race 581 13.3.2 Gender, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation 585 Case Study 13.1: A Family Life before Nationaland Regional Courts 588 13.3.3 Persons with Disabilities 589 13.3.4 Persons Living in Extreme Poverty 593 Interview 13.1: Into the Heart of Everyday Violence and Human Rights Violations: Conducting Research on, and with, Marginalised and Vulnerable Persons (Morten Koch Andersen) 596 13.3.5 Old Age 598 13.3.6 Refugees and
Migrants 601 13.3.6.1 The Protection of Persons in Flight or Movement 601
xvi 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 Contents 13.3.6.2 The Protection of Refugees in International Law 13.3.6.3 The Protection of Migrants Further Reading 604 612 616 The Right to Development and Sustainable Development 619 619 620 628 636 639 642 643 649 Introduction From Human Development to Sustainable Development The Right to Development 14.3.1 Making the RTD Justiciable 14.3.2 Justiciability of Sustainable Development Case Study 14.1: Justiciability of Sustainable Development Claims Global Partnerships for the Financing of Development From the MDGs to the SDGs Interview 14.1: Microfinance Non-governmental Organisation (NGO) (Ramanou Nassirou) Sovereign Debt and the Enjoyment of Fundamental Rights 14.6.1 Accumulation of Sovereign Debt and its Human Rights Dimension 14.6.2 Odious, Illegal and Illegitimate Debt 14.6.3 Unsustainable Debt Case Study 14.2: The Parliamentary Committee on the Truth about the Greek Debt: The Artificiality of Greek Debt and its Odious Nature Further Reading Victims Rights and Reparation Introduction The Development of the Right to Reparation The Right to Reparation in International Human Rights Law 15.3.1 Treaties and UN Declarations 15.3.2 Practice at the Inter-state Level 15.3.3 State Practice at the National and Transnational Level The Right to Reparation in International Humanitarian Law The Right to Reparation in International Criminal Law The Right to Reparation and Violations by Non-state Actors The Right to Reparation for Historical Injustices and Violations The Notion and Legal
Significance of the Term ‘Victim’ The Procedural Right to an Effective Remedy 15.9.1 Overview 15.9.2 The Nexus between Civil and Criminal Proceedings: Rajapakse v. Sri Lanka 15.9.3 The Right to Property, and the Choice between Investment Arbitration and Human Rights Avenues 652 654 654 658 661 663 666 668 668 671 672 672 675 676 678 679 681 682 684 685 685 686 687
xvii 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 16 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Contents The Substantive Right to Reparation 15.10.1 State Responsibility 15.10.2 Liability 15.10.3 Standard of Reparation 15.10.4 Forms of Reparation 15.10.5 Restitution 15.10.6 Compensation 15.10.7 Types of Damages 15.10.8 Proyecto de Vida: Loayza Tamayo v. Peru 15.10.9 Should Previous Conduct be Taken into Consideration when Awarding Compensation? 15.10.10 Rehabilitation 15.10.11 Satisfaction 15.10.12 Guarantees of Non-repetition 15.10.13 Reparation for the Violation of Collective Rights: Saramaka People v. Suriname 15.10.14 A Brief Assessment and Outlook The Double-edged Sword of Victims’ Politics Negotiating, Litigating and Administering Reparations: Experiences from the Holocaust and World War II Reparations Reparation in Action: Litigating Human Rights Cases 15.13.1 Litigation Strategies 15.13.2 Pursuing Reparation Claims, with Particular Reference to Litigating Torture Cases Interview 15.1: Litigation, Advocacy and Social Change (Basil Fernando) Further Reading The Application of Human Rights in Armed Conflict Introduction The Fundamental Premises of IHL 16.2.1 Distinction between Combatants and Non-combatants 16.2.2 Restricted Targeting of Military Objects 16.2.3 Means and Methods of Warfare are Not Unlimited Rights and Obligations in Humanitarian Law Humanitarian Law as Lex Specialis to Human Rights Law Why Human Rights Bodies Find the Application of Humanitarian Law Problematic Human Rights in Situations of Military Occupation 16.6.1 The Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights in Occupied
Territories 16.6.2 The Effective Control Test 16.6.3 The Decisive Influence Test 689 689 689 690 690 691 692 692 695 696 697 698 700 700 701 702 705 708 708 709 711 717 718 718 719 719 721 723 724 726 728 731 734 736 738
xviii Contents 16 7 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 The Relevance of the Law to Battlefield Conditions 16.7.1 Human Physiology in Combat Situations Interview 16.1: Battlefield Compliance (Charles Garraway and Anon.) 16.7.2 The Dilution of Humanitarian Law and Problems in Ensuring Compliance Further Reading 739 739 742 Human Rights and International Criminal Justice 751 751 Introduction Relationship between International Criminal Law and Human Rights Individual Criminal Liability under International Law Case Study 17.1: International Criminal Liability at the Nuremberg Trial The Enforcement of International Criminal Law Universal Jurisdiction Peace vs International Criminal Justice Interview 17.1: Former Chief Public Prosecutor and Director of the Norwegian National Authority for Prosecution of Organised and Other Serious Crime (Siri Frigaard) Core International Crimes 17.7.1 Genocide 17.7.2 Crimes against Humanity The Place of Immunities in Human Rights and International Criminal Justice Further Reading Human Rights and Counter-terrorism Introduction The Legal Nature of Terrorism The Discussion on Underlying or Root Causes The Obligation of States to Protect their Populations from Terrorism Case Study 18.1: Finogenov and Chernetsova v. Russia: European Court of Human Rights Admissibility Decision of 18 March 2010 Human Rights in Counter-terrorism Operations 18.5.1 Anti-terrorist Legislation and the Principle of Legality 18.5.2 Permissible Restrictions and Derogations Arising from Terrorist Threats The Right to Life in
Counter-terrorism Operations 18.6.1 Situations when Lethal Force is Permissible 18.6.2 Targeted Killings and ‘Shoot-to-kilľ Strategies Attempts to Justify Arbitrary Detention 746 750 752 755 756 757 761 765 772 775 776 779 782 784 785 785 787 789 792 794 796 798 800 804 804 806 809
xix 18.8 18.9 19 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 20 20.1 20.2 Contents Unlawful Extraditions and Illegal Renditions of Suspected Terrorists 18.8.1 Washing One’s Hands and Hiding Every Trace 18.8.2 From Arbitrary Detention and Unlawful Extradition the Road to Torture is Open ... Case Study 18.2: Al-Rabiah v. USA Legal and Other Strategies Regarding Disappeared Terrorist Suspects 18.9.1 The Potency of Advocacy and Outreach 18.9.2 Tracing Strategies and Release Arguments 18.9.3 Advocacy Strategies 18.9.4 Counter-terrorism: The Real Testing Ground for Erga Omnes Interview 18.1: Legal Defender of Guantanamo Detainees (Clive Stafford Smith) Further Reading Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Actors Introduction The Status of NSAs in Human Rights Law Multinational Corporations in the Human Rights Architecture 19.3.1 MNCs as Foreign Investors 19.3.2 Human Rights and Foreign Direct Investment 19.3.3 Emerging Human Rights Obligations of MNCs in Multilateral Treaties and Soft Law 19.3.4 MNC Liability under Tort Law 19.3.5 MNCs as Influences and their Due Diligence Obligations Case Study 19.1: Unilateral Repudiation of Arbitral Awards Violating Constitutional Guarantees Human Rights Obligations of International Organisations 19.4.1 General Obligations Case Study 19.2: Non-consideration of Economic and Social Rights by the IMF in Tanzania 19.4.2 International Organisations as Violators of Human Rights: The Need for Dual Attribution Case Study 19.3: Complicity of States through/with IGOs National Liberation Movements and Armed Rebel Groups 19.5.1 ‘To Suffer thy Comrades’: Responding to Human
Rights Abuses by NSAs in the Philippines Interview 19.1: Judge and Activist on Philippines’ Armed Groups (Soliman M. Santos) Further Reading Globalisation and its Impact on Human Rights Introduction The Origins and Nature of Globalisation 813 813 816 819 821 821 822 825 827 829 830 832 832 833 838 838 840 846 849 853 856 857 857 862 862 868 869 871 873 876 878 878 880
xx 20.3 20.4 20.5 Contents Does the Existing Model of Trade Liberalisation Promote Development and Alleviate Poverty? 20.3.1 Liberalisation of Agriculture and its Impact on Food Security Case Study 20.1: Liberalisation of Zambia’s Maize Production Interview 20.1 : The Director of Food First (Eric Holt-Giménez) How Intellectual Property Rights Hinder Access to Essential Medicines for the Poorest Case Study 20.2: Biopiracy and the Mayocoba Bean The McLibel Case: Sales Globalisation and its Impact on Rights Further Reading 893 895 896 899 Index 901 883 888 890 891
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CONTENTS Table of Cases List of Abbreviations Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 International Human Rights Law and Notions of Human Rights: Foundations, Achievements and Challenges Introduction The Development of Human Rights and International Human Rights Law 1.2.1 Foundations 1.2.2 The American and French Declarations of Rights 1.2.3 The Struggle for Rights in the Nineteenth Century 1.2.4 World War I, the League of Nations and Human Rights 1.2.5 World War II, the Holocaust and the Foundations of the International Human Rights System 1.2.6 The UDHR: Origins, Content and Significance 1.2.7 Cold War and Decolonisation 1.2.8 The Growth of International Human Rights Law Current Challenges 1.3.1 International/Cross-border Dimension of Violations 1.3.2 Responsibility of Multiple Actors 1.3.3 Effective Monitoring and Implementation 1.3.4 Human Rights Imperialism and Exceptionalism The Idea of Human Rights: Theories and Critiques 1.4.1 Moral and Liberal Human Rights Theories 1.4.2 Meeting the Challenge: Reconstructing Human Rights Universal Human Rights: Contestations and Practices 1.5.1 The Debate Interview 1.1: Human Rights and the Uprisings in the Arab World (Moataz El Fegiery) 1.5.2 Experiences in Combating Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation Further Reading page xxi lix 1 4 4 6 б 8 10 12 14 15 19 21 24 24 25 26 28 30 31 33 36 36 41 45 49
viii Contents 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 International Human Rights Law: The Normative Framework Introduction Sources 2.2.1 Treaties 2.2.1.1 Treaty-making 2.2.1.2 Reservations 2.2.2 Customary International Law 2.2.2.1 The UDHR and Customary International Law 2.2.3 Judicial Decisions as Source of Law 2.2.4 Soft Law 2.2.5 UNDRIP: A Soft Law Success Story? 2.2.6 Jus Cogens and Erga Omnes Principles, Rights, Obligations and Scope of Application 2.3.1 Principles 2.3.2 The Concept of Rights 2.3.3 The Right to Equality and Non-discrimination 2.3.4 Obligations 2.3.5 Derogation in Times of Emergency 2.3.6 Scope of Application Implementation 2.4.1 The Role of National Human Rights Institutions Interview 2.1: Reflections on the Work of Uganda’s Human Rights Commission (Med S. K. Kaggwa) State Responsibility and Human Rights Treaties as Self-contained Regimes Practical Application: The Role of Law Reform Interview 2.2: The Campaign to Repeal Pakistan’s Hudood Laws (Sohail A. Warraich) Further Reading Human Rights in Practice Introduction Civil Society Social Movements NGOs 3.4.1 General Considerations 3.4.2 Human Rights NGOs 3.4.3 Assessing the Role of Human Rights NGOs Human Rights Defenders Case Study 3.1: NGOs and Human Rights Protection in Sudan Legal Professionals and Human Rights Health Professionals and Human Rights Human Rights Field Officers 50 50 53 53 53 56 60 63 64 66 67 69 73 73 74 78 79 80 83 84 88 89 93 95 99 102 ЮЗ 103 104 106 108 108 111 112 117 121 122 126 127
ix Contents 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 Interview 3.1: Experiences of a UN Human Rights Officer (Huma Shakeb Khan) Human Rights Strategies 3.9.1 Documentation and Fact-finding Interview 3.2: Documenting Human Rights Violations in Volatile Environments: The Libyan Experience(Elham Saudi) 3.9.2 Human Rights Reporting 3.9.3 Monitoring 3.9.4 Advocacy 3.9.5 Awareness-raising, Capacity-building and Human Rights Education Case Study 3.2: Responding to Serious Human Rights Violations in Darfur, Sudan - Strategies, Critiques, Impact Further Reading The United Nations Charter System Introduction The Human Rights Dimension of the Charter The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights The HRC 4.4.1 The UPR 4.4.2 The HRC’s Complaints Procedure Special Procedures Interview 4.1: With Former UN Independent Expert (Cephas Lumina) 4.5.1 Communications 4.5.2 Country Visits 4.5.3 Annual Reports Case Study 4.1 : Reprisals against Those Collaborating with UN Human Rights Procedures The UNGA and Human Rights The UNSC 4.7.1 Fact-finding in Practice: The UN Mission in theGaza Conflict Further Reading The UN Human Rights Treaty System Introduction Common Features of International Human Rights Treaty Bodies Reporting Procedure 5.3.1 Overview Interview 5.1: Using Shadow Reports to Promote Gender Equality and Combat Sexual Violence: South Africa (Lesley Ann Foster) 5.3.2 Strengthening the Reporting Procedure 129 131 131 135 139 142 144 147 151 155 156 156 158 161 162 166 170 173 176 177 178 179 180 181 183 188 192 194 194 196 200 200 204 207
x Contents 5.4 General Comments/Recommendations 211 5.5 Complaints Procedures and Jurisprudence of Treaty Bodies 5.5.1 Overview 5.5.2 The HRCtee 5.5.3 Breadwinners, Social Security and Discrimination: Zwaan-de Vries v. The Netherlands 5.5.4 The CERD 5.5.5 Still Facing Discrimination: Durmic v. Serbia and Montenegro 5.5.6 The CtAT 5.5.7 Rendered Defenceless: Agiza v. Sweden 5.5.8 The CtEDAW 5.5.9 ‘We Don’t Believe You’: Vertido v. The Philippines 5.5.10 The CtRPD 5.5.11 Shortchanged: Nyusti and Takács v. Hungary 5.5.12 Achievements and Challenges Interview 5.2: Working for the CESCR (Eibe Riedel) Further Reading 214 214 217 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 Regional Human Rights Treaty Systems Introduction The European Human Rights System 6.2.1 Overview 6.2.2 The ECHR 6.2.3 Key Institutions 6.2.4 The ECtHR: Structure and Functions 6.2.5 Jurisprudence of the ECtHR 6.2.5.1 Development of the ECtHR’sJurisprudence 6.2.5.2 The ECtHR’s Interpretation of the ECHR 6.2.5.3 Responses to the ECtHR’s Jurisprudence 6.2.6 Impact Interview 6.1: The Nature and Impact of Litigation Concerning Turkey (Başak Çali) Interview 6.2: The Nature and Impact of Litigation Concerning Turkey and Russia (Bill Bowring) 6.2.7 The Struggle for Efficiency, Effectiveness and Institutional Reforms 6.2.8 The EU The Inter-American Human Rights System 6.3.1 Overview 6.3.2 The IACHR 6.3.3 The LACtHR 220 222 223 224 226 227 229 230 232 233 234 237 239 239 241 241 243 245 245 246 246 249 251 253 255 258 261 264 267 267 269 271
xi Contents 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 6.3.4 Impact Interview 6.3: An Intimate Experience of the IACtHR as Litigant and Senior Staff Attorney (Oswaldo Ruiz-Chiriboga) The African Human Rights System 6.4.1 Overview 6.4.2 The ACmHPR Case Study 6.1 : Modist v. Botswana and the Question of Nationality Rights 6.4.3 Impact 6.4.4 The ACtHPR 6.4.5 African Regional Economic Courts Interview 6.4: Making the System Work (IbrahimaKane) The Arab Human Rights System Towards an Asian Human Rights System? Comparison of Regional Systems Further Reading Individual Complaints Procedures Introduction Admissibility 7.2.1 Jurisdiction 7.2.1.1 Rationae Personae: Who can Bring a Complaint? 7.2.1.2 Against Whom can a Complaint beBrought? Case Study 7.1: Protection against the Implementation of UNSC Sanctions: Sayadi and Vinck v.Belgium 7.2.1.3 Rationae Materiae: What Rights? 7.2.1.4 Jurisdiction in Respect of Extraterritorial Conduct 7.2.1.5 The Long Reach of the ECHR: Al-Skeini v. UK 7.2.1.6 Rationae Temporis: When? 7.2.2 Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies 7.2.2.1 What Remedies Must be Exhausted? 7.2.2.2 ‘An Affront to Common Sense and Logic’: Dawda Jawara v. The Gambia 7.2.3 Other Procedural Requirements 7.2.3.1 Time Limits 7.2.3.2 Duplication 7.2.3.3 Well-foundedness 7.2.3.4 Abuse of Rights 7.2.3.5 Anonymity Merits Decisions by Human Rights Treaty Bodies Implementation of Decisions and Judgments 276 277 280 280 283 287 287 289 291 293 297 298 300 301 304 304 306 307 307 310 312 313 313 316 318 319 320 323 324 324 325 326 326 327 327 330 333
xii Contents 7.6 7.7 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Case Study 7.2: Restoring Ancestral Lands to Indigenous Peoples Mayagna (Sumo) Awas TingniCommunity v. Nicaragua Additional Procedural Options 7.6.1 Interim Measures 7.6.2 Friendly Settlements Interview 7.1: Nepal before the Human Rights Committee (Mandıra Sharma) The Hissène Habré Case: The Interplay between Domestic, Regional and International Proceedings Further Reading Civil and Political Rights Introduction The Right to Life 8.2.1 Practice 8.2.2 Sources 8.2.3 The Prohibition of Arbitrary Deprivationof Life 8.2.4 McCann v. United Kingdom: Absolute Necessity in the European Court of Human Rights’s Jurisprudence Case Study 8.1: The Killing of Bin Laden and the Right to Life 8.2.5 The Death Penalty under InternationalLaw 8.2.6 Positive Obligations to Protect the Right to Life 8.2.6.1 Providing Protection against Threats to Life 8.2.6.2 Duty to Investigate, Prosecute and Punish and to Provide Redress 8.2.7 A Right to Survival? The Right to be Free from Torture and OtherIll-treatment 8.3.1 Practice 8.3.2 Sources 8.3.3 The Absolute Prohibition of Torture 8.3.4 The Case of Gdfgen and the German Torture Debate 8.3.5 The Definition of Torture and Other Forms of Ill-treatment and Punishment 8.3.6 Obligations Interview 8.1: The Role of Medical Documentation in Combating Torture: Istanbul Protocol (Dr Önder Özkalipçi) The Right to Liberty and Security of Person 8.4.1 Practice 8.4.2 Sources 8.4.3 Scope of the Right to Liberty and Security 8.4.4 Justification of Arrest and Detention 8.4.5 Administrative Detention: Law and Power in the Pursuit of
Policy 337 338 338 340 341 345 348 350 350 351 351 353 353 354 356 357 359 360 362 363 365 365 367 367 368 370 375 377 380 380 381 381 382 385
xiii Contents 8.5 The Right to a Fair Trial 8.5.1 Practice 8.5.2 Sources 8.5.3 Main Features of the Right to aFair Trial 8.5.3.1 General Principles 8.5.3.2 Criminal Proceedings Case Study 8.2: The Problem with Military and Special Courts Enforced Disappearance as Multiple Human RightsViolation Interview 8.2: Inquiries into Enforced Disappearances in Sri Lanka (M. C. M. Iqbal) Qualified Rights, with a Particular Focuson Freedomof Expression 8.7.1 Practice 8.7.2 Sources 8.7.3 Freedom of Religion vs Freedomof Expression 8.7.4 To Wear or Not to Wear: Freedom of Conscience and Religion, the Rights of Women and the Veil Further Reading 8.6 8.7 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Introduction Brief Historical Context of ESC Rights Progressive Realisation and the Nature ofState Obligations Resource Implications: The Obligation to Utilise ‘Maximum Available Resources’ Case Study 9.1: United States Budget Allocated to Primary and Secondary Education Minimum Core Obligations Justiciability of ESC Rights 9.6.1 Individual Communications and the ICESCR Optional Protocol 9.6.2 The ECSR Extraterritoriality of ESC Rights Indicators and Benchmarks for MeasuringCompliance Case Study 9.2: Indicators on the Right to Food The Right to Health Interview 9.1: Greek NG0 Implements the Right to Health for the Socially Excluded (Tzanetos Antypas) The Right to Water Case Study 9.3: The Deprivation of Water Rights as Cruel and Inhuman Treatment The Right to Education The Right to Food Cultural Rights Further Reading 389 389 390 391 391 392 394
395 399 403 403 404 406 408 410 412 412 413 416 421 426 426 429 433 434 436 437 442 443 445 447 450 450 453 457 461
xiv Contents 10 Group Rights: Self-determination, Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Introduction The Nature of Collective Rights 10.2.1 External Self-determination 10.2.2 Exceptionalism in the External Dimension of Self-determination 10.2.3 A Test for Sovereignty in the Era of FiscalOccupation’ Case Study 10.1: Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil Minorities as a Subject of Human Rights 10.3.1 The Historical and Political Context: Should Minorities be Treated Differently from Majorities? 10.3.2 Membership Rights Case Study 10.2: The Malay Bumiputra Policy Indigenous Peoples: Is there a Need for Additional Protection? 10.4.1 Indigenous Rights over Traditional Lands 10.4.2 Indigenous Land Rights in Contemporary International Law 10.4.3 Indigenous Ownership as a Right to Property 10.4.4 Special Considerations in the Design of Indigenous Peoples’ Development Plans within the World Bank 10.4.5 The Chad-Cameroon Pipeline and the Baka/Bakola: What to Look for in Social Impact Assessments Further Reading The Human Rights of Women Introduction Normative Framework 11.2.1 Key Violations of Women’s Human Rights: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 11.2.2 Critiques of CEDAW 11.2.3 CEDAW, Violence against Women and Reproductive Rights Conceptual Development 11.3.1 The Development of Feminist Legal Theory and Women’s Human Rights 11.3.2 Critiques of Liberal and Non-discrimination Approaches to Women’s Human Rights 11.3.3 Critiques of Western’ Feminist Approaches to Women’s Human Rights 11.3.4
Sex, Gender and Sexuality Women’s Human Rights and Domestic Contexts: ‘Honour Crimes’ in the English Legal System 11.4.1 Definitions and Concepts of‘Honour’ 463 463 464 466 470 472 476 478 480 483 488 490 494 495 497 501 504 506 508 508 510 510 513 515 526 526 528 530 534 535 536
xv Contents 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 11.4.2 Practical Legal Approaches to ‘Honour Crimes’: Culture, Gender and Mainstreaming 11.4.3 Non-state Actors and Due Diligence: A Human Rights Response? Case Study 11.1: Banaz Mahmod Further Reading 539 541 543 Children's Rights 544 Introduction Childhood: A Non-static Concept The Need for a Specialised Protection Regime Fundamental Principles 12.4.1 The Child’s Best Interests 12.4.2 The Child’s Right to be Heard 12.4.3 Right to Life, Survival and Development 12.4.3.1 Child Soldiers 12.4.4 Non-discrimination Case Study 12.1: Discrimination against Fathers in Custody Proceedings: The Critical Roleof Neuroscience Interview 12.1: The State of Children’s Rights (Benyam Dawit Mezmur) Children’s Right to be Free from Poverty Case Study 12.2: Anti-child Poverty Legislation in the United Kingdom and Austerity Measures Further Reading 544 545 547 549 550 553 555 556 559 The Recognition and Protection of the HumanRights of Vulnerable Groups and Persons 537 560 563 567 572 576 577 Introduction 577 Vulnerability and International Human Rights Law 578 Vulnerable Groups and Persons 581 13.3.1 Race 581 13.3.2 Gender, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation 585 Case Study 13.1: A Family Life before Nationaland Regional Courts 588 13.3.3 Persons with Disabilities 589 13.3.4 Persons Living in Extreme Poverty 593 Interview 13.1: Into the Heart of Everyday Violence and Human Rights Violations: Conducting Research on, and with, Marginalised and Vulnerable Persons (Morten Koch Andersen) 596 13.3.5 Old Age 598 13.3.6 Refugees and
Migrants 601 13.3.6.1 The Protection of Persons in Flight or Movement 601
xvi 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 Contents 13.3.6.2 The Protection of Refugees in International Law 13.3.6.3 The Protection of Migrants Further Reading 604 612 616 The Right to Development and Sustainable Development 619 619 620 628 636 639 642 643 649 Introduction From Human Development to Sustainable Development The Right to Development 14.3.1 Making the RTD Justiciable 14.3.2 Justiciability of Sustainable Development Case Study 14.1: Justiciability of Sustainable Development Claims Global Partnerships for the Financing of Development From the MDGs to the SDGs Interview 14.1: Microfinance Non-governmental Organisation (NGO) (Ramanou Nassirou) Sovereign Debt and the Enjoyment of Fundamental Rights 14.6.1 Accumulation of Sovereign Debt and its Human Rights Dimension 14.6.2 Odious, Illegal and Illegitimate Debt 14.6.3 Unsustainable Debt Case Study 14.2: The Parliamentary Committee on the Truth about the Greek Debt: The Artificiality of Greek Debt and its Odious Nature Further Reading Victims'Rights and Reparation Introduction The Development of the Right to Reparation The Right to Reparation in International Human Rights Law 15.3.1 Treaties and UN Declarations 15.3.2 Practice at the Inter-state Level 15.3.3 State Practice at the National and Transnational Level The Right to Reparation in International Humanitarian Law The Right to Reparation in International Criminal Law The Right to Reparation and Violations by Non-state Actors The Right to Reparation for Historical Injustices and Violations The Notion and Legal
Significance of the Term ‘Victim’ The Procedural Right to an Effective Remedy 15.9.1 Overview 15.9.2 The Nexus between Civil and Criminal Proceedings: Rajapakse v. Sri Lanka 15.9.3 The Right to Property, and the Choice between Investment Arbitration and Human Rights Avenues 652 654 654 658 661 663 666 668 668 671 672 672 675 676 678 679 681 682 684 685 685 686 687
xvii 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 16 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Contents The Substantive Right to Reparation 15.10.1 State Responsibility 15.10.2 Liability 15.10.3 Standard of Reparation 15.10.4 Forms of Reparation 15.10.5 Restitution 15.10.6 Compensation 15.10.7 Types of Damages 15.10.8 Proyecto de Vida: Loayza Tamayo v. Peru 15.10.9 Should Previous Conduct be Taken into Consideration when Awarding Compensation? 15.10.10 Rehabilitation 15.10.11 Satisfaction 15.10.12 Guarantees of Non-repetition 15.10.13 Reparation for the Violation of Collective Rights: Saramaka People v. Suriname 15.10.14 A Brief Assessment and Outlook The Double-edged Sword of Victims’ Politics Negotiating, Litigating and Administering Reparations: Experiences from the Holocaust and World War II Reparations Reparation in Action: Litigating Human Rights Cases 15.13.1 Litigation Strategies 15.13.2 Pursuing Reparation Claims, with Particular Reference to Litigating Torture Cases Interview 15.1: Litigation, Advocacy and Social Change (Basil Fernando) Further Reading The Application of Human Rights in Armed Conflict Introduction The Fundamental Premises of IHL 16.2.1 Distinction between Combatants and Non-combatants 16.2.2 Restricted Targeting of Military Objects 16.2.3 Means and Methods of Warfare are Not Unlimited Rights and Obligations in Humanitarian Law Humanitarian Law as Lex Specialis to Human Rights Law Why Human Rights Bodies Find the Application of Humanitarian Law Problematic Human Rights in Situations of Military Occupation 16.6.1 The Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights in Occupied
Territories 16.6.2 The Effective Control Test 16.6.3 The Decisive Influence Test 689 689 689 690 690 691 692 692 695 696 697 698 700 700 701 702 705 708 708 709 711 717 718 718 719 719 721 723 724 726 728 731 734 736 738
xviii Contents 16 7 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 The Relevance of the Law to Battlefield Conditions 16.7.1 Human Physiology in Combat Situations Interview 16.1: Battlefield Compliance (Charles Garraway and Anon.) 16.7.2 The Dilution of Humanitarian Law and Problems in Ensuring Compliance Further Reading 739 739 742 Human Rights and International Criminal Justice 751 751 Introduction Relationship between International Criminal Law and Human Rights Individual Criminal Liability under International Law Case Study 17.1: International Criminal Liability at the Nuremberg Trial The Enforcement of International Criminal Law Universal Jurisdiction Peace vs International Criminal Justice Interview 17.1: Former Chief Public Prosecutor and Director of the Norwegian National Authority for Prosecution of Organised and Other Serious Crime (Siri Frigaard) Core International Crimes 17.7.1 Genocide 17.7.2 Crimes against Humanity The Place of Immunities in Human Rights and International Criminal Justice Further Reading Human Rights and Counter-terrorism Introduction The Legal Nature of Terrorism The Discussion on Underlying or Root Causes The Obligation of States to Protect their Populations from Terrorism Case Study 18.1: Finogenov and Chernetsova v. Russia: European Court of Human Rights Admissibility Decision of 18 March 2010 Human Rights in Counter-terrorism Operations 18.5.1 Anti-terrorist Legislation and the Principle of Legality 18.5.2 Permissible Restrictions and Derogations Arising from Terrorist Threats The Right to Life in
Counter-terrorism Operations 18.6.1 Situations when Lethal Force is Permissible 18.6.2 Targeted Killings and ‘Shoot-to-kilľ Strategies Attempts to Justify Arbitrary Detention 746 750 752 755 756 757 761 765 772 775 776 779 782 784 785 785 787 789 792 794 796 798 800 804 804 806 809
xix 18.8 18.9 19 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 20 20.1 20.2 Contents Unlawful Extraditions and Illegal Renditions of Suspected Terrorists 18.8.1 Washing One’s Hands and Hiding Every Trace 18.8.2 From Arbitrary Detention and Unlawful Extradition the Road to Torture is Open . Case Study 18.2: Al-Rabiah v. USA Legal and Other Strategies Regarding Disappeared Terrorist Suspects 18.9.1 The Potency of Advocacy and Outreach 18.9.2 Tracing Strategies and Release Arguments 18.9.3 Advocacy Strategies 18.9.4 Counter-terrorism: The Real Testing Ground for Erga Omnes Interview 18.1: Legal Defender of Guantanamo Detainees (Clive Stafford Smith) Further Reading Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Actors Introduction The Status of NSAs in Human Rights Law Multinational Corporations in the Human Rights Architecture 19.3.1 MNCs as Foreign Investors 19.3.2 Human Rights and Foreign Direct Investment 19.3.3 Emerging Human Rights Obligations of MNCs in Multilateral Treaties and Soft Law 19.3.4 MNC Liability under Tort Law 19.3.5 MNCs as Influences and their Due Diligence Obligations Case Study 19.1: Unilateral Repudiation of Arbitral Awards Violating Constitutional Guarantees Human Rights Obligations of International Organisations 19.4.1 General Obligations Case Study 19.2: Non-consideration of Economic and Social Rights by the IMF in Tanzania 19.4.2 International Organisations as Violators of Human Rights: The Need for Dual Attribution Case Study 19.3: Complicity of States through/with IGOs National Liberation Movements and Armed Rebel Groups 19.5.1 ‘To Suffer thy Comrades’: Responding to Human
Rights Abuses by NSAs in the Philippines Interview 19.1: Judge and Activist on Philippines’ Armed Groups (Soliman M. Santos) Further Reading Globalisation and its Impact on Human Rights Introduction The Origins and Nature of Globalisation 813 813 816 819 821 821 822 825 827 829 830 832 832 833 838 838 840 846 849 853 856 857 857 862 862 868 869 871 873 876 878 878 880
xx 20.3 20.4 20.5 Contents Does the Existing Model of Trade Liberalisation Promote Development and Alleviate Poverty? 20.3.1 Liberalisation of Agriculture and its Impact on Food Security Case Study 20.1: Liberalisation of Zambia’s Maize Production Interview 20.1 : The Director of Food First (Eric Holt-Giménez) How Intellectual Property Rights Hinder Access to Essential Medicines for the Poorest Case Study 20.2: Biopiracy and the Mayocoba Bean The McLibel Case: Sales Globalisation and its Impact on Rights Further Reading 893 895 896 899 Index 901 883 888 890 891 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV046809041 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:58:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:54:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781108711753 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032217643 |
| oclc_num | 1155636288 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-706 DE-739 DE-29 DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-706 DE-739 DE-29 DE-2070s |
| physical | lxvi, 941 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bantekas, Ilias 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)139929231 aut International human rights law and practice Ilias Bantekas (Hamad bin Khalifa University (Qatar Foundation)), Lutz Oette (SOAS, University of London) Third edition Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, USA ; Port Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; New Delhi, India ; Singapore Cambridge University Press 2020 lxvi, 941 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd rswk-swf Human rights International law and human rights (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 s Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 s DE-604 Oette, Lutz 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)124770363 aut Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217643&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bantekas, Ilias 1970- Oette, Lutz 1967- International human rights law and practice Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074725-6 (DE-588)4063693-8 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | International human rights law and practice |
| title_auth | International human rights law and practice |
| title_exact_search | International human rights law and practice |
| title_exact_search_txtP | International human rights law and practice |
| title_full | International human rights law and practice Ilias Bantekas (Hamad bin Khalifa University (Qatar Foundation)), Lutz Oette (SOAS, University of London) |
| title_fullStr | International human rights law and practice Ilias Bantekas (Hamad bin Khalifa University (Qatar Foundation)), Lutz Oette (SOAS, University of London) |
| title_full_unstemmed | International human rights law and practice Ilias Bantekas (Hamad bin Khalifa University (Qatar Foundation)), Lutz Oette (SOAS, University of London) |
| title_short | International human rights law and practice |
| title_sort | international human rights law and practice |
| topic | Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Menschenrecht Völkerrecht Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032217643&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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