Ours once more: folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece
"When this work - one that contributes to both the history and anthropology fields - first appeared in 1982, it was hailed as a landmark study of the role of folklore in nation-building. It has since been highly influential in reshaping the analysis of Greek and European cultural dynamics. In t...
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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New York
Berghahn
2020
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| Edition: | New and revised edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | "When this work - one that contributes to both the history and anthropology fields - first appeared in 1982, it was hailed as a landmark study of the role of folklore in nation-building. It has since been highly influential in reshaping the analysis of Greek and European cultural dynamics. In this expanded edition, a new introduction by the author and an epilogue by Sharon Macdonald document its importance for the emergence of serious anthropological interest in European culture and society and for current debates about Greece's often contested place in the complex politics of the European Union"-- |
| Physical Description: | xxvi, 194 Seiten Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781789207224 9781789207323 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction. Historicizing a history -- Prologue to the Greek edition / Alki Kyriakidou-Nestoros -- Past glories, present politics -- Extroversion and introspection -- National character, national consciousness -- Attack and reaction -- The creation of a discipline -- Expansion and collapse -- Conclusions and emergences -- Epilogue. Laying the foundations of the anthropology of Europe: an ethnography of culture theory / Sharon Macdonald | |
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Contents Preface to the First Edition vii Introduction to the New Edition. Historicizing a History xi Prologue to the Greek Edition ~ Alki Kyriakidou-Nestoros xxv Chapter 1. Past Glories, Present Politics 1 Chapter 2. Extroversion and Introspection 23 Chapter 3. National Character, National Consciousness 51 Chapter 4. Attack and Reaction 74 Chapter 5. The Creation of a Discipline 96 Chapter 6. Expansion and Collapse 121 Chapter 7. Conclusions and Emergences 137 Epilogue to the New Edition. Laying the Foundations of the Anthropology of Europe: An Ethnography of Culture Theory ~ Sharon Macdonald 143 Appendix A. Politis’ Folklore Taxonomy 151 Appendix B. Basic Chronology 156 Bibliography 165 Index 179
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1867.“La Nationalité hellénique daprès les chants populaires.” Revue des Deux Mondes 70: 584-627. Dorson, Richard M., ed. 1961. Folklore Research around the World: A North American Point of View. Indiana University Folklore Series 16. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. —------ . 1966. “The Question of Folklore in a New Nation ."Journal of the Folklore Institute 3: 247-298. ---------. 1968. The British Folklorists: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Douglas, F. S. N. 1813. An Essay on Certain Points of Resemblance between the Ancient and Modern Greeks. 3d ed. London: John Murray. Dozon, Auguste. 1875. Chansons populaires bulgares. Paris: Maisonneuve. Eco, Umberto, 1976. A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Economides, Dimitr. V. 1969.“The Folk Terminology of Greek Popular Song.” Epet. Kentr. Erevnis Ellin. Laografías 20-21 (1967-68, published 1969): 126-150.* Ellinismos. 1896. National Songs of Greece, 1453-1821. Athens.* Evlambios, George. 1843. The Amaranth: The Roses ofHellos Reborn: Folk Poems of the Mod ern Greeks. In Greek and Russian. St. Petersburg: Academy of Sciences. Reprinted in Greek edition, Athens: Notis Karavias,1973.* Fallmerayer, Jakob Philipp. 1827. Geschichte des Kaiserthums von Trapezunt, Munich: Weber, ---------. 1830 (voi. 1), 1836 (vol. 2). Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea während des Mittelalters. Stuttgart Tübingen: J. G. Cotta. ---------. 1845. Fragmente aus dem Orient. 2 vols. Stuttgart Tübingen: J. G. Cotta. --------- . 1860. “Das Albanesische Element in Griechenland,” Abhandlungen der Histori schen
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168 Ours Once More Fauriel, Claude. 1824 (vol, 1), 1825 (vol. 2). Chants populaires de la Grèce moderne. Paris: Dondey-Dupré. Further renditions were published in German (by W. Müller in 1825), English (by C. B. Sheridan in 1825), French (by L. J. N. Lemercier in 1824), and Italian (by P. Aporti in 1881). --------- . 1854. Dante et les origines de la langue et de la littérature italienne. Vol. 2. Paris: Auguste Durand. ---------. 1956. Greek Folksongs. Greek edition of Fauriel 1824 and 1825, rendered with an introduction by Nikos A. Bees (Veis). Athens: Nikos D. Nikas.* Filaretos, George N. 1906. The 28th May 1453: Speech Delivered during the Civil Memorial for Constantine Palaeologos (on May 28,1906). Athens: To Kratos Press.* Finnegan, Ruth. 1977. Oral Poetry: Its Nature, Significance and Social Context. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. Frangoudaki, Anna. 1978. The Reading Books of Grade School: Ideological Coercion and Pedagogical Violence. Athens: Themelio.* Garnett, Lucy M. J„ and J. S. Stuart-Glennie. 1896. New Folklore Researches: Greek Folk Poesy: Annotated Translations, from the Whole Cycle ofRomaic Folk-verse and Folk-prose, Includes Stuart-Glennies essays on “the science of folklore, Greek folkspeech, and the survival of paganism." Guildford, Eng.: privately published (printers Billing Son). Geanakoplos, Deno John. 1962. Greek Scholars in Venice: Studies in the Dissemination of Greek Learningfrom Byzantium to Western Europe. Cambridge, Mass,: Harvard Uni versity Press. ---------. 1966, Byzantine East and Latin West: Two Worlds of Christendom in
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Index Academy of Athens, Folklore Research Center, 9,140 Academy of Plato, 42 Acarnania, dans, 66,124 accuracy (in transcription), 28, 31, 81, 82,83 Achaeans, 41 Achilles, 56,116, administration, centralized, xix; commu nity, 153; under German monarchy, 16, 80; under Ottoman rule, 61 adoption, traditional procedures of, 153 Adrianople, 135; as birthplace of Polyeidis, 127; sack of, 115,158 advertising, as topic of folklore, 140 adynaton, 136n2 Aegean, University of, xii; Islands, eastern, 134,135 aesthetics, 27, 39, 69,84,154 Aetolians, 66 Afanasev, A. N„ 161 Agamemnon, 55 Agathangelos, Prophecies of, 127 Ajax, 55 Akritai, 117 Akritic cycle, 116,118 Akritic epic, 116,162 Alamana bridge, batde at, 48 Albania, -ians, 23, 53, 54, 55,63,66, 69,72n3,76, 81, 87, 95n3; Albanian elements in Greek culture, 73,77; language, 78 Alcinoous, 95n4 Alexander I, King, of Greece, 134,135, 163 Alexander the Great, 116,117,163 Alexandrian period, 109 Alexiou, Margaret B„ ix Ali Pasha, 81,95n3 Alivisatos, Hamilcar, 138 alteration, textual, 28, 30, 31, 39,40,82, 107,129,131. See also emendation Altneuland, 11,22n6 America, -ns. See United States of America Amulets, 86,154nl6 Anastenaria, 154, Anathemas, 152. See also curses Anderson, Benedict R. O'G., 144,147 Andronikos' sons, song of, 116 Androutsos, Odysseus (Odhisseas), 58 Angels, 94,129,130,132,154 Annunciation, Feast of the, 19, 22n9 Anthimos ofJerusalem, 126,130 anthropology, ix, xii, xiii, xiv, xvi, xvii, xix, xxi, xxv, xxvinl; in Greece, xiv, xxvi; of Europe, xi anti-establishment songs, 115 antiquarianism, xvii, 18,20, 24, 28,29,
53,54,85,89,90,91,97,99,101,102, 107,122 Apelates, 116,117 Apollo, 104 Apostolakis, Yannis M., 18,28, 36, 39-41, 71,118,138,140,141nl Arabs, 117,158. See also Saracens
180 Ours Once More Aravandinos, R, 31,40, 68, 69, 71,73nl3 archaeological model of Greek folklore, 9, 20,25,34,59,60,79,88,97,99,101, 103,111,115,123,124,128 archaeology, as discipline, viii, xiv, xxii, 2,8, 53, 60, 89,97; of Greece, xiv, xxii, 8 Ardener, E. W„ 22ո8,149nl Aristophanes, 18 Arkhontopouhi, 158 Armouris, song of, 10 Aryans, 104 Asia, as symbol, xix, 54 Asia Minor, 17,68,87,117,119,135,163 assimilation of minorities, 71,74,157 astrology, 154 Athenaeum (journal), 110 Athenaeus, 106,157 Athens, as administrative center, 23,61, 160,134; ancient, 14,157; modem, 23, 34,123; people of; Polytechnic Univer sity of, xix; University of, xvii, 27,99, 116, See aho Academy of Athens Athos, Mount, 10,159 Atropos, 33 Attic tragedy, tragedians, 5,48, 81. See also tragedy Austin, J. L., xv, 19 Austria, -ians, 24,25 auto-ethnography, xxi Baal, priests of in Old Testament, 122 Babiniotis, G., 15 Baggally, John W., 64,72nl0 Balkans, 15, 76 Balkan Wars, 134,135,163 ballad, as category, 64,118,119 barbarians, in ancient Greek thought, 14, Berlin, 85; Treaty of, 115 Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 45-46 Bialor, Perry A., 22n8 bilingualism, 70-71,78,88 Black Sea, 116 blasphemy, 152 blessings, 153-54 Blok, Anton, 62 blood, 87-88; as metaphor, xii; brotherhood, 153 Boemus, Joannes, 158 Bondelmonti, Cristoforo, 21 bonfires, 154 Boulgares, Demetrios, See Voulgaris, Dimitrios bourgeoisie, 14 bowdlerization, 29,64 Britain, Great, and British, 10,12, 22n8, 23,26,66,75,92,133,135,160,161. See also Scodand Bucharest, 53; Academy of, 28; Treaty of, 134 Bulgaria, -ians, 54, 58, 63,64,70, 72n2,
100,134-35,139,161-63; Bulgarians as name for Greek communists, 138; Exarchate, 162 bureaucracy, vii, xx, 18,77,144 Burke, Kenneth, 21nl Burrows, Ronald, 133,134 Bybilakes, E. See Vivilakis, Emmanuel Bynum, David E. Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord, 11,133 Byzantine Empire and period, xv, xvi, 10, 12,17,38,43,45,55,56,61, 76,77, 116,117,118,121,122,123,124,125, 126,146,157,161 Byzantium. See Constantinople 122 barbarism, attribution of, to non-Greeks (modem and Byzantine periods), 122; to rural Greeks; to Russians, by Finns, 9 Bavaria, -ans, 12,80 Beaton, Roderick, xiii, 7 beliefs, 86,89,90,91,109,127,128,129, 152-54 Ben-Amos, Dan, ix Benthamites, 10 Berchet, Giovanni, 29 calendars, Gregorian and Julian, 22n9 Campbell, J. K., ix, 72n4 Capidan, Théodore, 70 Capodistrias, Count John, 16,20,23, 24, 26 Cappadocia, 116,117,125 Carmeli, Michel Angelo, 159 carnival, 153,154 carols, 10,112,151nl, 155nl. See also Lazarus, songs of; swallow song
Index ֊fcžř 181 Catastrophe (Asia Minor, 1922), 119, 135,136,137,163 categories. See taxonomy Chaeronea, Battle of, 157 Chapman, John Jay, 3 Chapman, Malcolm, 22n8,149nl Charon, Charos, 90,94 Cheese-eating Week, 154 childhood, as organizing theme in Vivilakis’ work, 86 children, 85,86,153; children’s games, 154; childrens language, 153; childrens songs, 10,151 Chios, 153 Christ, Jesus, 19,42,44; disciples of, 42; as Greek-speaking, 44 Christian, early (period), 4,10,44,52 Christianity, Greek Orthodox and general, 4,12,14,17,42-44,52,57,89,131 Christmas, 154; loaves, 152 Christopoulos, Athanasios, 50n2 chronology, attempt to apply to oral materials, 59-61,63,107 Chrysostom. See John Chrysostom, Saint church, role of, 39, 55-57,91,94 Ciampini, Raffaele, 50n2 citizenship. See nationality Civil War, Greek. See war Civil War, United States. See war clans, patrilineal, 72n5. See also genos Clarke, David L„ viii class conflict, 138 Classical motifs in modern song texts, 41, 43,60, 72,106,121; Classical parallels, 66,81,98 classification. See taxonomy Clogg, Richard, 15,127,130,141n2 Clotho, 33 Cocchiara, Giuseppe, 28,47, 52-53 code, -s, xxv, 6,21,152,153. See e/so semiotics Codrington, Admiral Sir Edward, 136n7 cognitive map, 52 collective composition, 106 Collins, Samuel, 22,159 Colocotronis, Vassilis, 134-35,139 colonialism, xxii, 75,102; crypto-, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxii ni Colquhoun, Archibald, 26 communism, as alleged characteristic of Slavs, 55, 56, 57,134,139; legalization of, in Greece (1974), 141n3; suppression of, in Greece, 138,139,140 Communist Manifesto, 161
comparativism, xii, xiii, 52,99,100,101,105 Condorcet, Marie Louise Sophie, Marquise de, 25 conscience, concept of, 52 Constantine I, Emperor, founder of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, 55 Constantine XI, Emperor (Palaeologos), 56,125 Constantine I, King, of Greece, 133,135, 163 Constantine II, King, of Greece, 126 Constantinople (Byzantium, Istanbul), 13, 23,75,108,117,121,124,125,126, 127,135,146; Patriarchate of, 91,160, 162; sack of, by Latins (1204), 125, 158; sack of (Fall) (1453), 2,14, 21nl, 55,115,128-32,158 Constitutions; of Greece, 4,11,160,161; Marxist, 56; of Venice, 24. See also Epidaurus, Constitution of construction of history, viii, xv, 21nl, 143; of identity, xiv, xx, 32; of laography, as text, 114,128 contamination, alleged textual, 33-34, 118, See also simfirmos; sinafia Corfii, 10,23,26,34,46,54 Corinth, 73nll costumes, 26,152,153 courts, popular, 153 Cretan Renaissance (Venetian period), 5 Crete and Cretans, xxi, xxv, xxvinl, 12, 38, 53,57,61-62,63,64,66,67,72n5,72n6, 72n7,73nl4,89,116,117,123,124, 148,155n3,158,159,161,162,163 Crick, Malcolm, 21nl Crimean War, 161 crisis, constitutional, 135; Greek financial (from 2009), xii, 149 criteria of historical accuracy, 97; of relevance and selection, viii, 1,15, 28, 83,85,119; of sense, 130 Crusius, Martin, 21n5
182 ֊if? Ours Once More crypto-colonialism. See colonialism cultural change, xvi, 1, 56,103,105; folklorists’ influence on, 7 cultural continuity, xiii, xiv, xv, 1-2,4,8-9, 15,20,21nl, 36,38,43,44,45,49,56, 61ո4, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95ո4, 96, 99,100,102,103,106,107,112, 113,119,121, 124,141ո4,161 cultural experience, xvi, 11 cultural identity, xvi, 1, 74 cultural intimacy, xvi, xvii, xviii, xxi cultural traits, 4,26,120n3 culture, history, 19, 59,74,115,118,122; theory, 143-47 Cuoco, Vicenzo, 25 cures and curing, 154 curses, 152,154. See also anathemas; blasphemy customs, 14,20,29, 31, 32, 35, 82,84, 85,96,93,94,98,99,104,109,113, 127,145,146,152,153,154,160; as category, 52 Cyclades, 43,87 Cyprus, 18,50n2,69,73nl4,92-94,116, 117,119n2,121,133,141n4,159 Cyrillic alphabet, 78 Dalmatia, 25, 50nl dance, 71,86,154; dance songs, 44 Danforth, Loring M„ ix, 114 Daniel of Moskhopolis, 16 Daskaloyannis of Sfakia, revolt by (1770), 12,159 death (as folkloric theme and topic), 29, 31,32,44,48,88,90,101,153 Declaration of Independence (U.S.A.), 11,19 definition, 19, 52,63, 65,108-9,151 Deipnosophistae (Athenaeus), 157 Delphic oracle, 161 democracy, xii, 4, 38,46, 57,141n3 demography, 5,21n5,22n7, 69, 78, 87, 95nl; as disciplinary term, 109 demons, 152,154 demotic Greek, 5,18, 26, 31, 34, 35, 36,37,39,41,64,65,72n7,81,94, 122,123,159. See Greek language description, as method Denmark, narratives (folktales) from, 125 developmentalism, 102 dhrimes, 154 Diakos, Athanasios, 48,132-33 dialects (Greek), 37,84,88,121. See Greek language Dieterich, Albrecht, 99,101 diffiision, 139
Digenes Akrites/-as, 72n9,116,117,118 Dilessi affair, 65,100,162 Dimou, Nikos, vii Diocletian, 157 Dionysiac origins, claimed for drama, 46; claimed for folk rituals, 114 dirges (miroloyia), 32-34,43,44, 50n3, 68,71,112,151 distichs, 31,48 d'Istria, Dora, 15, 53-58,59,63,64, 84, 89,91,114,115,134,162 divination, 114,155n2 doctrine of survivals. See cultural continu ity; Hodgen, Margaret T.; survivalism, survivals Dodecanese, 159 Douglas, F. S.N., 75,76,85, 86,159 Dozon, Auguste, 162 Drama, 41,42,43,44,46,81,105 Dulwich College, viii Dumas, Alexandre, 18 Easter, 152,154,155nl. See aho Holy Week Eco, Umberto, 21 ecumenical ideal, 43,44; and ethnocentrism, 47-49 EDA. See United Democratic Left, 141n3 Efimeris ton Filomathon, 98 Eftaliotis, Aryiris, 123 Egypt, -ians, 106,109,136n7,160 Eire. See Ireland election campaigns, as folklore material, 140 Elijah, prophet; as saint, 90,154 emendation and restoration, textual, 7, 31, 39,40,83,131 Encyclopédie, 13 English party, 16 English scholarship, 2; terminology of, 97, 109-10
Index ֊(įd 183 epic, 41,42,44,84,112,151; Akritic, as national, 116,117,118,138,162; al leged inability of Bulgarians to produce national, 58,139-40; Finnish, 160 Epidaurus, Constitution of, 4,160. See also constitutions of Greece Epiphany, 154 Epirus, 13,40,66,68-69,70-71,73nl4, 88,95n3,115,134 epochalism, 21n3 Erotokritos, 5 essentialism, 21n3 ethnicity, 14,32,45,77,78,118,123,149. See also truth ethnic pride, 40 Ethnoarchaeology, 99 ethnocentrism, xii, 2,47-49,102,126 ethnonationalism. See ethnicity; ethnos; nationalism ethnografia; "ethnography,” as term, 11 ethnology, 24,47,48,77,97,99,139 ethnos, 11,14 36,51,58,68,79,108,130, 145 etymology, 24,27,45,46,100,110,121,145 euphemisms, 152 Euripides, 42 Europe, xv, xvi-xvii, xxii, 1,2, 51; anthro pology of, xi, xvii, xxi, 143,146-47, 149; borders of, policed, xxii; Western, xiv, xvii; as symbol and ideal, xi, xiv, xix-xx, 3,19,53, 55,75; and ambigu ous position of Greeks in, 71,75, 85, 96,149; Greeks as exemplifying, 135, 144; individuality of, 55; kinship in, 113; liberal revolutions in, 161; op posed to Asia, 54; romantic nationalism in, 51-52; -ans, virility of, 64,71 European administrative models, 80,148; culture, as derivative, 13,14,49; culture, as inferior; fear of paganism in, 48n5; grammatical tradition; reception of Greek folklore, 4,9,16, 29, 32,47, 111; biblical origins of, 21n2; scholarship, vii, 2,28,29,37,49,85,89,103, 111; warfare, 12 European Union, xxii, 144,149 Eustathius, Bishop of Thessaloniki, 10, 122,158 Evangelismos. See Annunciation, Feast of the evil eye, 86, See also witchcraft Evlambios,
George, 30-33, 34, 39,43,60, 93,112,160 evolutionism, 14 exarchate, Bulgarian, 162 exclamatory expressions, 152 exorcisms, 152,154 expurgation, textual, 28,29 extortion, 40 ex-votos, 154 fact, factuality, concepts and uses of, viii, 2, 6,8,17,19,21nl, 97,119,121; historical, in Zambelios, 41,46; degrees of, 60,97 factional songs, 115 Fallmerayer, Jakob Philipp, 5,23, 33,71, 74-88,91-94,95nl, 997,98,100,138, 160; Fallmerayerism, 87,97, 111 family, 29, 57,62, 64,80,153 fasts, 153 fates, 33,88; fatalism, as concept, 126, 127,132 fatherland, as concept (patris, etc,), 13, 31, 35,43,51,68,127 Fauriel, Claude, 5,8,10,16, 24-29, 30-33,47,51,56,59,60,67,82, 120n3,130,160 feast days; feasting, 19,22n9,75,86,153, 154,155n2 feudalism, 14 Filiki Eteria, 12, 52,160 Finland, Finns, xi, 9,47, 51,160 Firstfruits, 153 flames, renewal of, 154 Folegandros, 10 folk cosmology, 89,90 folklore, as discipline in Greece, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xx, xxi, xxvi, 2,4, 5, 6,7,8,9,10,11, 20,22ո5,24,26,27,29,33,36, 37, 39, 47,48,49,51,53,58,59,64,78,79,83, 87,90,92,93,94,96-100,102,103, 106,109,110,112,113,115,119,135, 137,138,140-141,143,145,151-55, 157-63; as English-language term; equivalents of, 97,109-11; establish ment of, in Corfh, 10; in Europe, 47, 52-53. See also laography
184 Ours Once More folksongs. See song folktales. See narrative food, 152-53 football, as topic in folklore, 140 foreigners, attitudes toward, vii, xix, ЗО, 31, 33, 74, foreigners' contribution to Greek research, 77,96 foreigners’preconceptions about Greece, 30 foreignness of Byzantine imperium, 55 foreign powers’ interests, xii, xviii, xx, 12, 16.163 forgeries, textual, 40,60, 81,127 fortune-telling. See also divination Foscari, Foscarini (Venetian family names), 24 Foscolo, Niccolò (Ugo), 24-25,29,41 Fouché, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, 25 Foustanella, 95n4 France, French, 5,12,13,14,16, 23, 25, 51,52,53,82,110,135,136n7,159, 160.161.163 Franck, Sebastian, 159 Frangoudaki, Anna, 19, 22n8 "French" party, in Greek politics, 16 French Revolution, 13,159 French scholarship, 110 Friendly Society. See Filiki Eteria funerary rites, 26. See also dirges furniture, 154 Gaelic culture, 22n8 Gaidoz, Henri, 110 games, 93,95n4,112,152; children’s, 154; dramatic, 151; Olympic, 72n9 Geertz, Clifford, 21nl, 21n3 Geldart, E. M., 120n3 Gennadius Library, 136n8; Gennadius, John, 133 Genos, 113 George I, King, of Greece, 80,161,163 Georgiou, Theodoros, xxiinl Germania (Tacitus), 157 German mythology, 21n2, ІЗОпЗ; scholarship, xii, 27,78,89,97,137,145; unification, 76 Germanos, Bishop of Old Patras, 20 Germans, position of, in Greece, 79-80 Germany, 27, 85,87,89,162,163; allied to Bulgaria, 134; Politis studied in, 99, 111,118 gesture, in performance, 154 Ghikas, Helen. See d’Istria, Dora Ghikas, Prince Michael, 53 Gizelis, Gregory, 140 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 16,26, 27,48 Golden Dawn (ultra-
right political movement), xii-xiii Goldstein, Kenneth, 28 Goldstein, Leon J., 21nl gospel, 44,49,129; as metaphor, 13 Goudas, A., 65,66 Graikoi. See Greki graphics, 154 Great Idea, 117,121,126,127,129, 130,133,135,136,137,146. See also irredentism Great Powers, xii, 3,16. See also individual countries Greece, Classical, vii, viii, xv, xvi, 1,2, З, 5,14, 33, 38,42,44,66,103,104, 107,113,114,143,155ո4; as idea and ideal, 1-3,16,17,18,114; knowledge of, among modern population, 13; as prototype for Finland, Ireland, 9; as symbol. See also Greki; Hellas; Hellenes; Romii Greek language, Classical, 26, 35,41, 65, 75; demotic, 18, 26, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37,39,41,64,65,72n7,81,94,159; dialects, 37, 72n7,84,88,121; katharevousa, xvii, 15,18, 33, 35, 36, 39, 65, 100,159; modern, standardization of, 7. See also language; language question Greetings, 152 Greki, grekiki (language), 37. See aho Greek language Grevena, 71 Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Karl; and Wilhelm Karl, 9,27,51,99,114,120n3,145, 159,160 guerrillas. See kleftism, klefts guests, 153 Guilford, Lord, 34
Index 4թ 185 Guillard, Achille, 109,161 Guillet, André (La Guilletière), 10,21n5 guslari, 56 Hagia Sophia, 115,127,128,129,130, 131,132 Hahn, Johann Georg von, 87 haidout, 63,64,100,134,139 hamis, 64 hairstyles, 153 hajduk, 63,64,72,100 Hallowell, L A., 21ո4,146 Hamann, Johann Georg, 13,49,51,159 Hase, К. В„ 77 Haxthausen, Werner von, 16, 27,28,67 Hegel, G. W. E, 38,42,45,46,159 Hejirah, 157 hēlieia (“sun shrines”) and Helios, 104 Hellas (idealized image of the ancient Greek past), 1; as point of origin, 103; continuity of, 85,93; and as complex, 121,124,126; reborn and recreated, 2, 11,13,19,30; rediscovered, 93; related to Europe, 2,4,133,134 Hellenes, xvi, xxv, 1,41,68,102,127,129, 132,138; achievements of, 44; as cate gory of mythical giants, 40,123-125; as category of self-designation, 18, 22n7,94,122,123,124,125; as Euro peans, 3,71; as ideological category, 58, 65,66, 68; as pagans, 4,17,122; as race, 16; Balkan people as, 15, 53, 54; barbarians and, 122; consequentiality of history for, 13; continuity of, 71, 74,85,89,100,123; individualism of, 134; Koutsovlachs as, 73nl2,73nl3; opposed to communists, 138 Hellenic Folklore Society, 109 Hellenic ideal, 1,2,16,17. See also Hellas; Hellenes Hellenic model of language, 18, 37. See also Hellas; katharevousa Hellenistic period, 33,110 Hellenist thesis 17,29, 33, 34,40,41, 49, 53, 58; as“Hellenic-Christian civilization," 138 Henderson, G. P., 21nl Heptanese. See Ionian Islands Herakles, 104,116 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 8,13,45, 47,49,51-52,145,159,160 Herodotus, 89,127,136n4,157 Herzfeld, Cornelia Mayer, ix
Herzfeld, C. T. and E, O,, ix Herzl, Theodor, 22n6 Hesiod, 44 heterotropic customs, 127 Heuzey, Léon, 124 historical category of songs; 60, 63, 69, 72nl0,83,97-98,107,108,115,116, 131,134,135,159 Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, 108 historical evidence in folklore studies, 8, 76,87 historical linguistics, 120n3 historicism, 14,62,126,131,132 historiography, xxii, 92,140,143,144, 147,148 history, as form of knowledge, viii, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xxv, 5,9,12,13, 17,18,19,21nl, 26-27, 30, 37,38-39, 46-47,56-59,61,64,74,77,79,96, 108,110,115,119,122,123,140,143, 144,145,147,148,149nl; in relation to vernacular texts, 74,98,118,123 Hobsbawm, Eric, 61 Hodgen, Margaret X, 102,103 Holden, David, 14,18,19 holy water, 153 Holy Week, laments during, 112,151 Homer and Homeric scholarship, 10, 24-25,41,46,55,56,72n4,121,122, 136nl, 155,158 homotropic customs, 127,145 Horace, 24 host-guest relations. See xénia houses, 140,152; haunting of, 154 Howarth, David, 65 humanism, xi; and humanitarianism, xxii humorous songs, 151; stories, 112,152 Hussey, J. M„ 76-77, 88 Hydra, 54 Hyperion, 104 hypocoristic names, 60,72n2. See also names
186 4t? Ours Once More Iatridis, A„ 72-73nl0 Ibn-Khaldun, 158 Icons, 129,130,132,153 identity, 8,19,54,100,127,145,149nl; cultural, xvi; European, xvi, xxii, 74; national (Finnish), 9; national (Greek), viii, xii, xiv, xvii, xviii, xx, xxii, 2,5,7,9,12, 14,15,16,19,53,74,75,76,79,80,88, 108,121,127,129,136,141,144,145; personal, eroded in folk-songs, 59-61 ideology, xiv, xvii, xxv, xxvi, 4,5,11,16-19, 21nl, 54,138,14n2; colonialist, 102; demoticist, 36; Hellenist, 37,40,47, 62, 67,74,75,77,91,115,118; kinship, 113; Marxist, 141n3; philhellenic, 5, 67,134 idolatry, 122 ‘'Illyrian” language, 27 imitation of animal sounds, 152 improvisation, 32,155n2 incubation, 153,155 Independence, Greek War of. See war individualism, as mark of Greek character, 55,57-58,63,74,130,134 Indo-European languages and cultures, 9, 104,107,120n3 inheritance, traditional laws of, 80,153; culture as, 104 invocations, 153 Ioannina. See Yannina Ioannou, G., 90 Ionian Islands (Heptanese), 10,11,23-24, 26,34,37,45,50nl, 116,159,161 Ireland, 9,21n2 Irredentism, xii, 91,108,115,117,118, 121-22,126,136,138,161. See also Great Idea Islamic culture and religion, 32, 55, 60, 64, 89,92,116,117,126 Istanbul, See Constantinople Italian culture and language, 23,24,25, 26-27, 29,45, 50nl; etymological root, 18; scholarship, 45,82,110,113,145 Italy, 2,13,23,37,53,135,145,148 Iviron Monastery, 10,159 Jain, Ravindra K., ix James, Richard, 22n5,159 Jay, John, 16 Jefferson, Thomas, 5,19 Jenkins, Romilly, 21nl, 65 Jews, exemption of from head tax in antiquity, 109; expelled from Spain, 158; Greeks as descended from,
21n2; national home of, 22 John the Baptist, Saint, 155n2 John Chrysostom, Saint, 10,157 Joseph, Brian Daniel, 95n2 Josephus, 109 Judas, burned in effigy, 154 junta (1967-74). See military rule justice, as category of vernacular culture, 113,153 Justinian, Byzantine emperor, 123 Kakouri, Katerina, 140,141n4 Kakridis, Johannes Theoph., 122 kalamaradbes, as abusive term for urban efite, 35 Kalevala, 160 Kaloyiri, 154 Karagiozis, 18 Kares, 66 Karolidis, P., 117 Katartzis, Dimitrios, 159 Katastrofi. See Catastrophe katbarevousa. See Greek language Katsoulis, G. D., 115 Katzioulis, Parthenios, 10 Khrisanthopoulos, L., 80,113 Khrisovitsi (Acamania), 124 Khristovasilis, Kh., 68,107,130,132 Kind, Theodor, 16,59,67,75,82,97,120n3 Kindi, Vaso, xxiinl Kiprianou, Khrisanthos S„ 18,119n2,121 Kiriakidis, Stilpon P., 52,99,101,102, 135,137,138,139 Kiriakidou-Nestoros, Alki, xxv-xxvi, 17, 103,107, 111, 137,138,140,141nl Kirkoff, General, 163 Kissavos, Mount, 66-67 Kitto, H. D. E, 22n8 kleftism, klefts, 35,56,58,59,61-67, 68-71,72n4,72-73nn7-10,74,83, 84,91 klidhonas, 151,154,155n2
Index jşe 187 Kionaris, Christodoulos, 5 Knights of Saint John ofJerusalem, 159 Kohler, Reinhold, 111 Kolokotronis, Theodhoros, 60,81 Konya, 73nll Koraes, Adamantios, 5,13,14,15,16,27, 52,92,93,159 Korakistika, 152 Kordatos, Yanis, 12,13,14, 59,124,138, 160 Kossovo, Battle of, 55 Kotzambasidhes, 20 Koukhtsoglou, Yannis, 141nl Koutsovlachs, 66,70-71,73nnl2-13, 121,136nl Kratos, 11 Krumbacher, Karl, 118 Kulturkrets theories, 137 Kurds, 100 Kyriakides, Stilpon R See Kiriakidis, Stilpon R Lachesis, 33 La Guffletière. See Guillet, André Lamarckianism, 14 Lambrinos, George, 59, 63,118,138 lament, for Fall of Constantinople, 128, 131,132; as type of song, 43; for Zidros, 31, See also dirges lamps, unsleeping, 154 language, as basis of ethnicity, 145; childrens, 153; disease of, 105. See also Greek language language question, 35,123; Hellenic name of language, 18, 37; neo-Atticism in, 5; Romeic name of language, 17,18, 37, 122,144. See also Greek language Lanitis, Nik. Kl., 69,73nl4 Laografía (journal), 109,116,162 laography (laografia) (as name of disci pline), 11,47,71,89,94,96,97,98,101, 108,109-11,112,113,119n2,123,128, 129,137,138,140-41,145,151-55 Latin language, 52,136nl; -s, 37 Lavra Monastery, 20 law, 113; brigands', 153; historical, 46,47, 108; natural, 14; physical, 13; Roman, 123; Solon's, 15; traditional, 80,153 Lawson, John Cuthbert, 102,106,114, 162.163 Lazarus, Lazarus Saturday, 155; songs of, 112,151 Leake, William Martin, 21n5 learned culture, 7 Leavitt, John, xv Lefkas (Lefkadha), 26, 37,160 Lefkias, Anastasios, 78, 86,88,160 Leghorn (Livorno), 37 Leigh Fermor,
Patrick, 17 Lelekos, Michael, 80-86, 97,140 Lenormant, François, 113 Lent, 154,155 Leonidas, 49,81 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, xii, xvi liberalism, liberals, 11,12,74,76,138,161 life-cycle rites, 86 life-styles, 86,93,116,153 Limassol, 93 linguistic archaism, 4, 36, 88,121,122 Lipset, Seymour Martin, 16 literalism, 17,21, 31, 32, 59,60,62,63, 97,105,106,107,115,118,125,130 literary model of folklore, 86,107 literature, as contribution to nation building, 34; included as folklore, 30; oral, 8,109 localism, 20,67-68, 69,71 Locrians, 66 London; Treaty of, 22n9,134 Lönnrot, Elias, 160 Loomis, Louise Ropes, 2 Lord, Albert B„ 56 Lõukas, G„ 91-94 Loukatos, Dim. S., 22n5,140 Ludwig I, King, of Bavaria, 12 Lullabies, 71 Lycurgus, 93 lyric, 41,42,112; lyrical songs, 151 Macedonia, 70,72nl0,130,134,142, 157.158.163 mafia, 62 magic, verbal, 152,154 Magyars, 54 Mahmud II, Sultan, 95n3 Malakasi, 71
188 4^ Ours Once More Malta, 159 Mani, Maniats, 16, 68, 87 Mannheim, Karl, 21nl Manousos, Andonios, xx, 34-37, 38,97, 130,161 Manoussis, Theodhoros, 27 Manuscripts, early, of folksongs, 10 Manzoni, Alessandro, 25-27, 34, Marcellus, M, L. J. A, C. D. du X, Count, 30,50n2,95n4 Mardonius, 127,136n4 marriage rites, 26, 75 Martellotti, Guido, 29 Marxism, -ists, 13, 56,138,140,141n3 Matthew, Saint, 48 Maul, Shirley, ix Maurer, (Ludwig-)Georg von, 80,113,160 Mavrianos and his sister, song of, 118 Mavrogordato, John, 117 Mavrokordatos, Alexander, 160 Mavrophrydes, D. L, 92,93 May Day, 154 Mazarakis, E. D., Ill, 137 Mecca, 157 medicine, popular, 154; university studies of, by Capodistrias, 23 medieval history and culture, ix, 2, 8, 38-39,72n9,79,114,117; Hellenism, 49 Megas, George A,, 58,132,139-40 Meghalt Idhea. See Great Idea Menardos, Simos, 43,50n3 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Karl, 82 Mercury (Roman deity), 104 metaphor, xii, 14,81, 93,103,105,125, 152 Metsovo, 70-71 Milan, 127; Edict of, 157 military rule, 1967-1974,137,138, See also Papadopoulos, George Mimnermus, 44 Minos, 66 Mira, 33 miroloyia. See dirges mitata, 155n3 Mitra, 104 Mohammed, 157 moira. See mira Moisiodax, Joseph, 159 Moldavia, -ns, 125. See ako Romania monarchy, 12,46,77, 80,161 monasticism, monks, 28,44,57 monotheism, 56 "monuments of the word,” 99, 111, 112, 151-52 moral censorship, 7 Morgan, Gareth, ix, 63, 67 Motsias, Khristos, 72n9 Moustoxidis, Andreas. See Mustoxidi, Andrea Muller, Max, 49,105-6,120n3 musical notation, 10 Muslims. See Islam Mustoxidi, Andrea, 11,25-29, 50nl, 77 myth, 30,152; Akritic songs
as, 117; an cient, fragmentation of, 106; and legend, 112; as category of folklore scholarship, 112-13; as “disease of language,” 105, 106; German, compared with Greek, 120n3; Hellenes as, 17,40,123,124-25; and language, 49,105; and metaphor, 152; astronomical, 90; contrasted with truth, 30; meteorological, 105; national, 59; Roman, 104; solar, 105; Vedic, 104; of fete, 33; of fertility and rebirth, 90; of Perseus, 104; of Volkgeist, 52; proverbs in, 113,152; -ology, comparative, 97; and Christianity, 94; Lõukas' treatment of, 94; and Politis’ use of, 92,98-100; of origin, 21n2; origins of, 105,106; strata of, 104; sun in, 101,104-5 Nafplio. See Nauplion names, ancient, in use, 15; baptismal, 60, 61,152; Byzantine, preserved in song, 116,118; Foscolos, changed, 24; hypo coristic, 60,72n2,72n5,152; in songs, 59-60, 63; national, 125; saints) 15; and as assimilating ancient names, 90; of animals, 152; of clan segments, 72n5; of Fates, 33; of games, 93; of inanimate objects, 152; of individuals; of ships; of the Greek people, xvii-xx, 17; place(toponyms), 78,152; sur-, 24, 60,152; transliteration of, ix Napists, 16
Index J$S 189 narrative, -s, xiii, xx, 115,125,159,161; Byzantine and Classical themes in, 121; categories of, 112; conflated with myths, 94,106,123; cosmological, 112; Danish, 125; early collection of, 87; in song, 67,116; myth as, 112; themes of as determining classification, 64 national character, 43,49, 53-56, 58, 64, 65,86,91,94,101,108 national consciousness, 12,42,45, 51-53, 54,61,68,70,71,74,123,127,130, 143,144,145 national culture, xvi, xix, 6,7,17,19, 33, 137,140,141,147; history of, 74 national identity, viii, xvii, xviii, xx, 2, 5, 8, 9,12,15,16,76,79,88,108,127,141 nationalism, xi, xiii, xviii, xxi, 2,4, 5,6, 17,18,21nl, 27,42,53,56,59,68, 74,75,76,79,84,101,117,122,126, 131,132,138,144-45,147,160,161; edino-, xii, xiii; and culture history, in Vico; as European phenomenon, 12, 13, 51; Balkan, 53,54; German, 51,74; opposed by higher clergy; philosophical, 17,25; propagated by Filiki Eteria, 12; revolutionary, 25; secular, 91 nationality, 54,75,78, 87,88,138,162; Hellenic, granted to d'Istria, 53 nation-state, viii, xi, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xix, xx, 1-5,9,12,14,16,17,20,21n3,33,42, 52,70,77-78,80,113,121,127,131, 143,144,147-48,160, See also ethnos; nationalism; national culture natural-law philosophy, 14 nature, as theme in Greek folk poetry, 48; beliefs about, 154 Nauplion (Nafplio), 23, 31, 60,160 Nausicaa, 95 Navarino, Battle of, 22n9,136n7,160 Naxos, 95n4 Nea Estia (journal), 141nl Needham, Rodney, xiv Nenedakis, Andreas, xv neo-Classicism, 37, 81, 111, 114. See also language question, katharevousa neo-Platonism, 45 nereids, 89 Nicholas, Saint, 114
Nicknames. See hypocoristic names Nisbet, Robert A„ 8-9 “Northern Epirus," 69 oaths, 152 obscenity, 112 occupations, 152 Odessa, Greeks of, 12,52,98,160 Odysseus (Odhisseas). See Androutsos, Odysseus offerings, 153 Oinas, Felix J., xi, 22,47 Old Testament, 21n2,122 Olympia, 153 Olympic Games, 72n9 Olympus, Mount (Cyprus), 93 Olympus, Mount (Greece), 56, 66-67 opacity of intersubjective relations, xiv ordering, principles and procedures of, 52,76 orgiastic cults, 114,154 Orlandos, Anastasios, 9, 34 ornament, personal and architectural, 32, 153,154 Orthodox Christians and Orthodoxy, 4, 12,14,17, 38 56, 89,114,138. See also Christianity Orthodox rites, 44 Othon(as). See Otto I Otto I, King, of Greece, 12,16,77, 79, 80, 160,161 Ottoman. See Turkey, Turks Overcoding, 21 Ozolae, 66 Padua, University of, 23 paganism, 4,10,17,22,44, 57, 89-91,94, 102,114,157,162 Palamas, Kostis, 123 Pandora (journal), 31,49,73nl3, 82,98, 119nl pan-Slavism, 138 Papadopoullos, Theod., 141n4 Papadopoulos, George Papadopoulos-Vrettos, Andreas, 26,77, 79,160 Papazisis, Dimitrios, 70,121 paramithia. See narrative
190 Ours Once More paratsouklL See hypocoristic names Parga, flight from, 29 Paris (France), 37 Paris, Gaston, 110 Parliament (Greek), 49, 53,54 Parry, Milman, 56 Parthenon, 157 Participant-observation, 148 participant role, assumed by Greek folklorists, 39-40 Pashley, Robert, 28,29,89,91,96,123-24 Passow, Arnold, 59,82,87,97 Patriarchate of Constantinople. See Constantinople patrilineal groups, 113,153. See also genos; social organization patriotism, 9,11,18,19,20,25,29, 30,34, 35,40,48,59,61,64-65,70,93,97, 99,100,115,131,132,134,139 patronage, vii, xviii, xix, 144; geopolitical, 4 Pausanias, 26 peasants. See rural population Peloponnese, 12,20, 69,77,159 performance, -s, 31,32,43,62,70,107,114 Perikles and Periklean era, 14,41,93,157 perperouna, 112,151,154,155n2 Perseus, 104 Persians, 81,89,136n4 Petropoulos, D., 136n2 Petropoulos, Ilias, 140 Petropulos, John A., 61 Phaëthon, 104 Phanariots, 87 philhellenism (and philhellenes), vii, 4, 5,6,11,13,18,26,27,34,53,54,57, 74,76,103,133,134; resented, 30, 33; transplanted to Greece, 49 philological methods, 108 philology, xiii, xvii, xx, 2,25, 59, 60,70, 78,84,87,92,93,94,97,108,115,116, 117,123; antiquarian, 101,102,107; “national," 81; “political,” 70,73nl2; in relation to folklore, xii, xxi, 98 philosophy, 14,25-27,30,38,47,49,51, 79; Classical, 42,44,48,49; foreign (i.e., not Greek), 8,12,13,28, 34,45, 46; popular, 154 Phocas, Nicephoros, 158 Phocylides, 44 Phoebus, 104 Piccolos, Nikolaos, 5,27 Piraeus, Anglo-French occupation of, 161 Pitrè, Giuseppe, 160 Plataea, Batde of, 127,136n4 Plato, 5,42 poetry,
24,28,29,30,34,41,42,44, 56, 63,81,82,84,86,100,106,107,134, 163 Polilas, Iakovos, 34,45,161 Polls, 22 politics, xvii, 2,4,22n8; and identity, xvii; cultural, xviii; of heritage, xi; Greek, 12, 16, 52 Politis, Alexis, 140 Politis, Nikolaos G„ xii, xx, 33,47-48,49, 64-65,77,78,86,87,88,89,92,94, 96-120,122,123-135,136,137,138, 139,140,145,151-54 Poppius, A., 51,160 Porthan, H, G„ 159 Poseidon, 114 Pouqueville, F. C. H. L., 21n5 presuppositions, methodological, viii, 1, 47,79,83,102,110,132,146 priesthood, 57 processions, 63,154 professional terms, 152 prophecies, 115,130,137; of Agathangelos, 1929; of birth and resurrection of Christ, 19; of Fall of Constantinople, 119,126,128,130,131,132; popular, 126,127; self-fulfilling, in ethnological method, 15,112,118 Protestantism, 42 proverbs, 10,84,87,101,102,113,141, 152 Ptolemy Philopator, 109 punishments, 139,153 purification, textual, 82,107; rites of, 154 Pûshan, 104 Quinet, Edgar, 72-73nl0,73nll, 77,87 race, as concept, 22n7,51,71,73nl3,103, 133 rain litanies, 154
Index Rakovski, Georgi Stoikov, 161 Read, Allen Walker, 62,72n8 rebel, in ԱՏ. usage, 62,72n8 rebetika, 140 Red Apple-Tree (Kokkini Milia), 127 Reed-Danahay, Deborah E„ xxi refrains, 44,152 regeneration of Greek culture, 15,19,23, 107,131 religion, as criterion of identity, 14, 52 religious festivals, 85 Renaissance (European), 2, 5,10,102 restoration, textual, 107. See also alteration; emendation resurrection, 44; on analogy with resur rection of Christ, 19; of Greece, 20,27, 30; rejected in favor of‘‘rediscovery’’ by Lõukas; revolution as, 9 “resurrection” of personal names, 61 Revolution, Greek. See Independence, Greek War of Rhodes, 88,155n4,159; siege of, commemorated in song, 60 Rhodokanakis, Th. P., 98-100 rhyme, 81 riddles, 152 Rigas, Férreos, ЗО Ritual, 75,86, 89,91,140,151,162 riziko, 33 Robbins, Joel, xiv Romaios, Kostas A., 107,129,130,140 “Roman” character attributed to Byzantine imperium, 38-39,123 Roman Empire, 17,157 Romania, as Orthodox Christendom, 125; as“Roman" world, by Venetians, 158 Romania, -ians, xx, 15,125-26. See also Koutsovlachs; Wallachia Romeic elements as “foreign,” 38 Romeic thesis, xii, xvii, xviii, xx, 17,18,19, 20,21, ЗО, 33,34,37, 38,39,41,44,71, 121,122,137,138,144,148; applied to language, 4,17 Romii, xvi, 17, 37,122,123 Rumsey, Alan, xiv rural population, xiv, 4, 6,10,12,13,17, 18, 21ո2, 29, 35, 36, 39,43, 52, 57, 58, 107,122 191 Russia, 12,22,23,75,76; -ians, 9,12, 75; Greeks in South Russia, 12; language, 30; “Russian” party in Greek politics, 16 sacrifice, 153 St. Clair, William, 10,12,52 Saint Petersburg, 30,160 saints, as object
of traditions, 152 saints’day festivities, 154 Sakellarios, Athanasios A., 92 Samaria (Crete), 124 Sanders, D., 87 Sanskrit, 104,105,120n3,161 Santarosa, Salvatore, Count, 24-25 Saracens, 116,158 Sarakatsani, 72n4,155n6 Sathas, K., 116 satirical songs, 112,151 Savitri, 104 Scandinavian mythology, 21 Schein, Muriel Dimen, 70 Schmidt, Bernhard, 33,77, 88,94,95n5, 97,99,110 schooling, Greek, xii, 7,19,58, 68, 93,153 Scotland, 22n8 Sculpture, 111, 154 selection, as aspect of method, viii, 21, 39, 58,76,83,85,103,112,119 self-criticism among Greeks, vii semiotics and semiotic phenomena, xxi, xxv, 6, 96,128,140. See also code Serbo-Croatian folklore studies, 47 Serbia, Serbs, Serbian culture and lore, 47, 54-55,64,100,134-35,139 Sèvres, Treaty of, 135,163 Sfakteria, 25 Sheridan, C. B„ 16 Shyrock, Andrew, xiii Sicily, 62,127 Simopoulos, Kiriakos, 22n5 sinafia (“contact”), 118 Sjögren, A. J., 51,160 Skanderbeg (George Castriota), 54,72n3 Skhinas, Dimitrios, 28 Skouteri-Didaskalou, N., 140 Slavs, 55-57,64,157-58; and pan-Slavism, 138; elements in Greek culture, 76, 77-78,92; and in Greek “race,” 76,
192 Ours Once More 87-88; as ideological category, 75,134, 138-39; on Cyprus, 93 Smyrna, 23,135 social organization, 113. See also genos; patrilineal groups sociology, 123,140 Socrates, as precursor of Christ, 44 Sokolov, Y.M.,22n5,47 solarism, 105 Solomos, Dionisios, 23, ЗО, 34, 37, 38,40, 41,45,46,161 Solon, 15 song, -s, xiii, xx, 5,26,27, 32, 36,41, 58, 67, 72ո4, 81, 82, 84, 90, 95ոՅ, 101,105,106,115,121, 125,128, 135,140,151,154ո19, 161; Akritic, 72ո9,116,117-19, 138; Albanian, 73ո11; amended in translation, 31; anti-establishment, 115; as reflecting national character, 54-56; Bacchic, 44; bawdy, 28-29,112; Bulgarian, 58; classification of, 29, 35,60,64, 69,82, 112,114,151; collections of, 5,10, 16,24,28,29,30, 31,34,35-36,38, 39-40,50n2,59,87,95nn4֊5,98, 112,114,115,160,161,162,163; Corsican, 10; Cretan, 67; dance-, 44, 101; dirges as, 32, 34,41,43,44, 50n3, 112,151; early manuscripts of, 10, 158; editing of, by scholars, 39-40,82; Epirote, 68-70; erosion of identity in, 60-61, 63, 67; factional, 115; historical, 72nl0,83,97-98,107,115,116,135, 159; Illyrian, 19; kleftic, 59, 60,63,64, 66,67,68-70,72n9,72nl0,83,100, 115-16,118,133,138; Koutsovlach, 70-71; Lazarus, 112; linked to tragedy, 43-44; of Hagia Sophia, 128,129-32, 133; rebetika, 1409; stemmatic analysis if, 60;, 107 swallow, 10,88,106-107, 112,137,151,157,158; swing-, 112, 151; titles of, 32,60, Sophocles, 42,48,81 Soteropoulos, S., 73nl0 Sotiropoulos, Dimitri, 15,18 Soutsos, Alexander, 48 Soviet Union, xi, 163 Spain, 158 Sparta, 93,127,136n4 Spectator, The (journal), 18 speechless water, 155n2 spells, 152,154
Spiridakis, G. K., viii, 10,22n5,27, 33, 34, 49,87,107, 111, 137 Sprachsphilosophie, 45 Spyridakis, G. K. See Spiridakis, G. K. Staël, Mme. (Anne Louise Germaine) de, 51,144 Stalin, Joseph, 139 Stavrakas, Spyros, ix stemmatics, 60,115 Stephanopoli, Dimo, 21n5 Structuralism, xvi, 140 Stuart-Glennie, J. S„ 103,162 Styx, 106 subjectivism, 30, 39,41,49 summer solstice, 154 sun, worship of, 89-90,101,104-5,106, 155n8 survivalism, survivals, viii, 17, 33,89-94, 101-3,104,105,106,108,113,114, 119n2,125,162 Sûryâ, 104 swallow song. See song swing songs. See song symbolism, 46, 61,75,99 Syria, as name for the Islamic world, 92-93 Tacitus, 157 tarnata. See ex-votos Tasoulas, kleft, 72n9 Taurus, 100 Taxonomy, viii, 6,8,29, 32,43,59,62,64, 68,69,72nn9-10,79,82,83,84,94, 96,97,98,100,103,107,111-14,116, 118-19,120n5,125,137,138,151-54. See also song terminology, 51, 62,75,88,103,122; folk, 43, 52,124; of ethnicity, 22n7,124; scholarly, 52 textuality. See alteration; emendation and restoration Theodoret of Cyrrhus, 122
Index 4թ 193 Theodosius 1,157 Theognis, 44 Thermopylae, 49 Thessaloniki, 13,23,133,158,163 Thessaly, 95n3,158,162 Thiers, J.-B., 159 Thompson, M. S„ 70,73nl2 Thoms, William John, 109-10, 111, 161 Thrace, 134,135,154 Thucydides, 66 tikhi, 33 Tipaldo, Emilio de, 25,27, 50nl tides, invented, of folksongs. See song Tito, Josip Broz, 139 toasts (drinking), 152 Tommaseo, Niccolò, 10,16,24, 25,26,27, 28,29,31,34,46,47,50nnl-2,159,160 tongue twisters, 152 toponyms. See names Trærup, Birthe, 72nl0 traffic signals, as topic in folklore, 140 tragedy (literary genre), 5, 37,42,43,46, 48,49,161, tragboudhi, See songs transcription as method, 151,152,154 transhumance, 72n4,155n6 transliteration, ix Trebizond, Trapezuntine culture, 50n2, 77,129,158 Trieste, 27 tropes, 152. See also metaphor truth, as ancestral inheritance, 30; as conceptual issue, xiii, xxv, 3; contrasted with temporal prophecy, 132; “ethnic,” 21nl, 65; ideological, 21nl; state's vision of, XV Tübingen, University of, 21n5 Tuffin, Paul, 136n2 Turgot, A. J. I., 8-9 Turkey, Turks, Ottoman, conquest and occupation of Greek-speaking lands by, 13,17,23,35,52,60,66,68,75,92, 117,124,133,134,135,158,159 Turkish culture traits (including language), viii, 4,15, 70,73nl2,144 Turkocracy (Tourkokratia). See also Turkey Tyche. See tikhi Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett, xvi, 97,101-3, 104,105,109,119n2,146,161,162 Tylor Anthropological Library (Oxford) 101,104,119n2 Tyrol, 74 Ulysses (= Odysseus), 55,95n4 United Democratic Left (EDA), 141n3 United States of America, Civil War in, 62; Declaration of Independence in, 11; discovery of, 42;
nationality ideology in, 16, view of scholarship from, 2-3 Urtext, 66,106-8,115,132. See also stemmatics Utensils, 152,154; personal names given to, 152 Vacalopoulos, Apostólos E„ 12,13,125, 126 Valaoritis, Aristode, 132-33 Valetas, G., 37,45 Vallicellian Library, 158 Valvis, Stamatios, 48-49, 58,86, 89,91, 96,97,132-33 Vampirism, 89,96 Van Gennep, Arnold, 162 “variants” of text, 64, 66, 67,69,106,107, 118,131 Vasdravellis, John K., 59, 63 Vassar College, ix Vedas and Vedic mythology, 104 veiling of women, 26 Veloudis, Georg, 117 Venetian dialect (of Italian), 26 Venetians in Crete, 62,159 Venice, Venetian Republic, collapse of, 23; role of in Fourth Crusade, 158 Venizelos, Eleftherios, 133,134,135,163 Venizelos, J., 87 Vico, Giambattista, and Vidrian thought, 24-28,45-47,49,51,106,145,159 Vienna, 27 Vios, 102,103,108,155n5 Virgil, 48 Vishnu, 104 Vivilakis, Emmanuel, 84-87,88,91,97 Viziinos, George, 132
194 ֊tfŕ Ours Once More Volk, 11, 85,87; Volksgeist, 45,52,57,59, 70; Volkskunde, 110-11; Volksleben, 89; and other compounds of Volk, 110,159 Voulgaris, Dimitrios, 54 Voulgaris, Evyenios, 159 Voutier, Olivier, 30,87,95n4 Vryonis, Speros, 61 Vulgarities, alleged, in song texts, 28, 32, 33-34. See also obscenity; song Wace, A. J. B„ 70, 73nl2 Wachsmuth, Kurt, 22n6, 33,76,77, 87, 88,90-91,94,106,114 Wallachia, -ans, 53,70,125. See also Romania war, -s, 19,134,159,161,162; Civil (Greece), 56,138-40; Civil (United States), 62; equated with history, 19; First World, 64,133,163; GrecoTurkish (1920-22), xii; of Indepen dence (Greece), xv, 3,10,11,13,14,20, 22n9,54,57,58,62,70,85,133,160 wedding. See marriage rites Wiesbaden, 27 Wilde, Oscar, 44 Wilhelm I, Kaiser, of Germany, 162 Wills, Garry, 11,19 Wilson, William A., 9,47,48, 51 Winner, Irene Portis, 57,96 Winner, Thomas G., 96 Wishes (as genre), 152 Witchcraft, 154. See also evil eye Women, position of, in Balkan societies, 54 word games, 152 World War I, See war Worship (as genre of folk activity), 113, 114. See also ritual xénia (Classical guest-host relation), 155n4 Xenophon, 15,18 Xenos, Stefanos, 65 Xydis, Stephen G., 12,95nl Yangas, Athanasios, 68,69 Yannina, 10,23,81,95n3 Young Turks, 162 Yugoslav, -s, -ia, xx, 56,57,70,72nl0,139 zadruga, 57 Zagori, 40 Zakhos, Emmanuel, 140 Zakynthos, 23,24, 34 Zakythinos, Denis A., 95 Zambelios, Ioannis, 37 Zambelios, Spyridon, 13,14, 24, 27,28, 30,34,36,37-49,50n3,51,53,55,57, 58,64,67,79,82,83,84,86,89,91,93, 97,98,101,106,107,108,116,122, 137,138,140,161 Zannetos, George, 72n4 Zante.
See Zakynthos Zeitgeist, xii, 52 Zidros, 31, 60 Zionism, 22n6 Zug (Switzerland), 37 Beytriache |
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Contents Preface to the First Edition vii Introduction to the New Edition. Historicizing a History xi Prologue to the Greek Edition ~ Alki Kyriakidou-Nestoros xxv Chapter 1. Past Glories, Present Politics 1 Chapter 2. Extroversion and Introspection 23 Chapter 3. National Character, National Consciousness 51 Chapter 4. Attack and Reaction 74 Chapter 5. The Creation of a Discipline 96 Chapter 6. Expansion and Collapse 121 Chapter 7. Conclusions and Emergences 137 Epilogue to the New Edition. Laying the Foundations of the Anthropology of Europe: An Ethnography of Culture Theory ~ Sharon Macdonald 143 Appendix A. Politis’ Folklore Taxonomy 151 Appendix B. Basic Chronology 156 Bibliography 165 Index 179
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Index Academy of Athens, Folklore Research Center, 9,140 Academy of Plato, 42 Acarnania, dans, 66,124 accuracy (in transcription), 28, 31, 81, 82,83 Achaeans, 41 Achilles, 56,116, administration, centralized, xix; commu nity, 153; under German monarchy, 16, 80; under Ottoman rule, 61 adoption, traditional procedures of, 153 Adrianople, 135; as birthplace of Polyeidis, 127; sack of, 115,158 advertising, as topic of folklore, 140 adynaton, 136n2 Aegean, University of, xii; Islands, eastern, 134,135 aesthetics, 27, 39, 69,84,154 Aetolians, 66 Afanasev, A. N„ 161 Agamemnon, 55 Agathangelos, Prophecies of, 127 Ajax, 55 Akritai, 117 Akritic cycle, 116,118 Akritic epic, 116,162 Alamana bridge, batde at, 48 Albania, -ians, 23, 53, 54, 55,63,66, 69,72n3,76, 81, 87, 95n3; Albanian elements in Greek culture, 73,77; language, 78 Alcinoous, 95n4 Alexander I, King, of Greece, 134,135, 163 Alexander the Great, 116,117,163 Alexandrian period, 109 Alexiou, Margaret B„ ix Ali Pasha, 81,95n3 Alivisatos, Hamilcar, 138 alteration, textual, 28, 30, 31, 39,40,82, 107,129,131. See also emendation Altneuland, 11,22n6 America, -ns. See United States of America Amulets, 86,154nl6 Anastenaria, 154, Anathemas, 152. See also curses Anderson, Benedict R. O'G., 144,147 Andronikos' sons, song of, 116 Androutsos, Odysseus (Odhisseas), 58 Angels, 94,129,130,132,154 Annunciation, Feast of the, 19, 22n9 Anthimos ofJerusalem, 126,130 anthropology, ix, xii, xiii, xiv, xvi, xvii, xix, xxi, xxv, xxvinl; in Greece, xiv, xxvi; of Europe, xi anti-establishment songs, 115 antiquarianism, xvii, 18,20, 24, 28,29,
53,54,85,89,90,91,97,99,101,102, 107,122 Apelates, 116,117 Apollo, 104 Apostolakis, Yannis M., 18,28, 36, 39-41, 71,118,138,140,141nl Arabs, 117,158. See also Saracens
180 Ours Once More Aravandinos, R, 31,40, 68, 69, 71,73nl3 archaeological model of Greek folklore, 9, 20,25,34,59,60,79,88,97,99,101, 103,111,115,123,124,128 archaeology, as discipline, viii, xiv, xxii, 2,8, 53, 60, 89,97; of Greece, xiv, xxii, 8 Ardener, E. W„ 22ո8,149nl Aristophanes, 18 Arkhontopouhi, 158 Armouris, song of, 10 Aryans, 104 Asia, as symbol, xix, 54 Asia Minor, 17,68,87,117,119,135,163 assimilation of minorities, 71,74,157 astrology, 154 Athenaeum (journal), 110 Athenaeus, 106,157 Athens, as administrative center, 23,61, 160,134; ancient, 14,157; modem, 23, 34,123; people of; Polytechnic Univer sity of, xix; University of, xvii, 27,99, 116, See aho Academy of Athens Athos, Mount, 10,159 Atropos, 33 Attic tragedy, tragedians, 5,48, 81. See also tragedy Austin, J. L., xv, 19 Austria, -ians, 24,25 auto-ethnography, xxi Baal, priests of in Old Testament, 122 Babiniotis, G., 15 Baggally, John W., 64,72nl0 Balkans, 15, 76 Balkan Wars, 134,135,163 ballad, as category, 64,118,119 barbarians, in ancient Greek thought, 14, Berlin, 85; Treaty of, 115 Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 45-46 Bialor, Perry A., 22n8 bilingualism, 70-71,78,88 Black Sea, 116 blasphemy, 152 blessings, 153-54 Blok, Anton, 62 blood, 87-88; as metaphor, xii; brotherhood, 153 Boemus, Joannes, 158 Bondelmonti, Cristoforo, 21 bonfires, 154 Boulgares, Demetrios, See Voulgaris, Dimitrios bourgeoisie, 14 bowdlerization, 29,64 Britain, Great, and British, 10,12, 22n8, 23,26,66,75,92,133,135,160,161. See also Scodand Bucharest, 53; Academy of, 28; Treaty of, 134 Bulgaria, -ians, 54, 58, 63,64,70, 72n2,
100,134-35,139,161-63; Bulgarians as name for Greek communists, 138; Exarchate, 162 bureaucracy, vii, xx, 18,77,144 Burke, Kenneth, 21nl Burrows, Ronald, 133,134 Bybilakes, E. See Vivilakis, Emmanuel Bynum, David E. Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord, 11,133 Byzantine Empire and period, xv, xvi, 10, 12,17,38,43,45,55,56,61, 76,77, 116,117,118,121,122,123,124,125, 126,146,157,161 Byzantium. See Constantinople 122 barbarism, attribution of, to non-Greeks (modem and Byzantine periods), 122; to rural Greeks; to Russians, by Finns, 9 Bavaria, -ans, 12,80 Beaton, Roderick, xiii, 7 beliefs, 86,89,90,91,109,127,128,129, 152-54 Ben-Amos, Dan, ix Benthamites, 10 Berchet, Giovanni, 29 calendars, Gregorian and Julian, 22n9 Campbell, J. K., ix, 72n4 Capidan, Théodore, 70 Capodistrias, Count John, 16,20,23, 24, 26 Cappadocia, 116,117,125 Carmeli, Michel Angelo, 159 carnival, 153,154 carols, 10,112,151nl, 155nl. See also Lazarus, songs of; swallow song
Index ֊fcžř 181 Catastrophe (Asia Minor, 1922), 119, 135,136,137,163 categories. See taxonomy Chaeronea, Battle of, 157 Chapman, John Jay, 3 Chapman, Malcolm, 22n8,149nl Charon, Charos, 90,94 Cheese-eating Week, 154 childhood, as organizing theme in Vivilakis’ work, 86 children, 85,86,153; children’s games, 154; childrens language, 153; childrens songs, 10,151 Chios, 153 Christ, Jesus, 19,42,44; disciples of, 42; as Greek-speaking, 44 Christian, early (period), 4,10,44,52 Christianity, Greek Orthodox and general, 4,12,14,17,42-44,52,57,89,131 Christmas, 154; loaves, 152 Christopoulos, Athanasios, 50n2 chronology, attempt to apply to oral materials, 59-61,63,107 Chrysostom. See John Chrysostom, Saint church, role of, 39, 55-57,91,94 Ciampini, Raffaele, 50n2 citizenship. See nationality Civil War, Greek. See war Civil War, United States. See war clans, patrilineal, 72n5. See also genos Clarke, David L„ viii class conflict, 138 Classical motifs in modern song texts, 41, 43,60, 72,106,121; Classical parallels, 66,81,98 classification. See taxonomy Clogg, Richard, 15,127,130,141n2 Clotho, 33 Cocchiara, Giuseppe, 28,47, 52-53 code, -s, xxv, 6,21,152,153. See e/so semiotics Codrington, Admiral Sir Edward, 136n7 cognitive map, 52 collective composition, 106 Collins, Samuel, 22,159 Colocotronis, Vassilis, 134-35,139 colonialism, xxii, 75,102; crypto-, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxii ni Colquhoun, Archibald, 26 communism, as alleged characteristic of Slavs, 55, 56, 57,134,139; legalization of, in Greece (1974), 141n3; suppression of, in Greece, 138,139,140 Communist Manifesto, 161
comparativism, xii, xiii, 52,99,100,101,105 Condorcet, Marie Louise Sophie, Marquise de, 25 conscience, concept of, 52 Constantine I, Emperor, founder of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, 55 Constantine XI, Emperor (Palaeologos), 56,125 Constantine I, King, of Greece, 133,135, 163 Constantine II, King, of Greece, 126 Constantinople (Byzantium, Istanbul), 13, 23,75,108,117,121,124,125,126, 127,135,146; Patriarchate of, 91,160, 162; sack of, by Latins (1204), 125, 158; sack of (Fall) (1453), 2,14, 21nl, 55,115,128-32,158 Constitutions; of Greece, 4,11,160,161; Marxist, 56; of Venice, 24. See also Epidaurus, Constitution of construction of history, viii, xv, 21nl, 143; of identity, xiv, xx, 32; of laography, as text, 114,128 contamination, alleged textual, 33-34, 118, See also simfirmos; sinafia Corfii, 10,23,26,34,46,54 Corinth, 73nll costumes, 26,152,153 courts, popular, 153 Cretan Renaissance (Venetian period), 5 Crete and Cretans, xxi, xxv, xxvinl, 12, 38, 53,57,61-62,63,64,66,67,72n5,72n6, 72n7,73nl4,89,116,117,123,124, 148,155n3,158,159,161,162,163 Crick, Malcolm, 21nl Crimean War, 161 crisis, constitutional, 135; Greek financial (from 2009), xii, 149 criteria of historical accuracy, 97; of relevance and selection, viii, 1,15, 28, 83,85,119; of sense, 130 Crusius, Martin, 21n5
182 ֊if? Ours Once More crypto-colonialism. See colonialism cultural change, xvi, 1, 56,103,105; folklorists’ influence on, 7 cultural continuity, xiii, xiv, xv, 1-2,4,8-9, 15,20,21nl, 36,38,43,44,45,49,56, 61ո4, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95ո4, 96, 99,100,102,103,106,107,112, 113,119,121, 124,141ո4,161 cultural experience, xvi, 11 cultural identity, xvi, 1, 74 cultural intimacy, xvi, xvii, xviii, xxi cultural traits, 4,26,120n3 culture, history, 19, 59,74,115,118,122; theory, 143-47 Cuoco, Vicenzo, 25 cures and curing, 154 curses, 152,154. See also anathemas; blasphemy customs, 14,20,29, 31, 32, 35, 82,84, 85,96,93,94,98,99,104,109,113, 127,145,146,152,153,154,160; as category, 52 Cyclades, 43,87 Cyprus, 18,50n2,69,73nl4,92-94,116, 117,119n2,121,133,141n4,159 Cyrillic alphabet, 78 Dalmatia, 25, 50nl dance, 71,86,154; dance songs, 44 Danforth, Loring M„ ix, 114 Daniel of Moskhopolis, 16 Daskaloyannis of Sfakia, revolt by (1770), 12,159 death (as folkloric theme and topic), 29, 31,32,44,48,88,90,101,153 Declaration of Independence (U.S.A.), 11,19 definition, 19, 52,63, 65,108-9,151 Deipnosophistae (Athenaeus), 157 Delphic oracle, 161 democracy, xii, 4, 38,46, 57,141n3 demography, 5,21n5,22n7, 69, 78, 87, 95nl; as disciplinary term, 109 demons, 152,154 demotic Greek, 5,18, 26, 31, 34, 35, 36,37,39,41,64,65,72n7,81,94, 122,123,159. See Greek language description, as method Denmark, narratives (folktales) from, 125 developmentalism, 102 dhrimes, 154 Diakos, Athanasios, 48,132-33 dialects (Greek), 37,84,88,121. See Greek language Dieterich, Albrecht, 99,101 diffiision, 139
Digenes Akrites/-as, 72n9,116,117,118 Dilessi affair, 65,100,162 Dimou, Nikos, vii Diocletian, 157 Dionysiac origins, claimed for drama, 46; claimed for folk rituals, 114 dirges (miroloyia), 32-34,43,44, 50n3, 68,71,112,151 distichs, 31,48 d'Istria, Dora, 15, 53-58,59,63,64, 84, 89,91,114,115,134,162 divination, 114,155n2 doctrine of survivals. See cultural continu ity; Hodgen, Margaret T.; survivalism, survivals Dodecanese, 159 Douglas, F. S.N., 75,76,85, 86,159 Dozon, Auguste, 162 Drama, 41,42,43,44,46,81,105 Dulwich College, viii Dumas, Alexandre, 18 Easter, 152,154,155nl. See aho Holy Week Eco, Umberto, 21 ecumenical ideal, 43,44; and ethnocentrism, 47-49 EDA. See United Democratic Left, 141n3 Efimeris ton Filomathon, 98 Eftaliotis, Aryiris, 123 Egypt, -ians, 106,109,136n7,160 Eire. See Ireland election campaigns, as folklore material, 140 Elijah, prophet; as saint, 90,154 emendation and restoration, textual, 7, 31, 39,40,83,131 Encyclopédie, 13 English party, 16 English scholarship, 2; terminology of, 97, 109-10
Index ֊(įd 183 epic, 41,42,44,84,112,151; Akritic, as national, 116,117,118,138,162; al leged inability of Bulgarians to produce national, 58,139-40; Finnish, 160 Epidaurus, Constitution of, 4,160. See also constitutions of Greece Epiphany, 154 Epirus, 13,40,66,68-69,70-71,73nl4, 88,95n3,115,134 epochalism, 21n3 Erotokritos, 5 essentialism, 21n3 ethnicity, 14,32,45,77,78,118,123,149. See also truth ethnic pride, 40 Ethnoarchaeology, 99 ethnocentrism, xii, 2,47-49,102,126 ethnonationalism. See ethnicity; ethnos; nationalism ethnografia; "ethnography,” as term, 11 ethnology, 24,47,48,77,97,99,139 ethnos, 11,14 36,51,58,68,79,108,130, 145 etymology, 24,27,45,46,100,110,121,145 euphemisms, 152 Euripides, 42 Europe, xv, xvi-xvii, xxii, 1,2, 51; anthro pology of, xi, xvii, xxi, 143,146-47, 149; borders of, policed, xxii; Western, xiv, xvii; as symbol and ideal, xi, xiv, xix-xx, 3,19,53, 55,75; and ambigu ous position of Greeks in, 71,75, 85, 96,149; Greeks as exemplifying, 135, 144; individuality of, 55; kinship in, 113; liberal revolutions in, 161; op posed to Asia, 54; romantic nationalism in, 51-52; -ans, virility of, 64,71 European administrative models, 80,148; culture, as derivative, 13,14,49; culture, as inferior; fear of paganism in, 48n5; grammatical tradition; reception of Greek folklore, 4,9,16, 29, 32,47, 111; biblical origins of, 21n2; scholarship, vii, 2,28,29,37,49,85,89,103, 111; warfare, 12 European Union, xxii, 144,149 Eustathius, Bishop of Thessaloniki, 10, 122,158 Evangelismos. See Annunciation, Feast of the evil eye, 86, See also witchcraft Evlambios,
George, 30-33, 34, 39,43,60, 93,112,160 evolutionism, 14 exarchate, Bulgarian, 162 exclamatory expressions, 152 exorcisms, 152,154 expurgation, textual, 28,29 extortion, 40 ex-votos, 154 fact, factuality, concepts and uses of, viii, 2, 6,8,17,19,21nl, 97,119,121; historical, in Zambelios, 41,46; degrees of, 60,97 factional songs, 115 Fallmerayer, Jakob Philipp, 5,23, 33,71, 74-88,91-94,95nl, 997,98,100,138, 160; Fallmerayerism, 87,97, 111 family, 29, 57,62, 64,80,153 fasts, 153 fates, 33,88; fatalism, as concept, 126, 127,132 fatherland, as concept (patris, etc,), 13, 31, 35,43,51,68,127 Fauriel, Claude, 5,8,10,16, 24-29, 30-33,47,51,56,59,60,67,82, 120n3,130,160 feast days; feasting, 19,22n9,75,86,153, 154,155n2 feudalism, 14 Filiki Eteria, 12, 52,160 Finland, Finns, xi, 9,47, 51,160 Firstfruits, 153 flames, renewal of, 154 Folegandros, 10 folk cosmology, 89,90 folklore, as discipline in Greece, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xx, xxi, xxvi, 2,4, 5, 6,7,8,9,10,11, 20,22ո5,24,26,27,29,33,36, 37, 39, 47,48,49,51,53,58,59,64,78,79,83, 87,90,92,93,94,96-100,102,103, 106,109,110,112,113,115,119,135, 137,138,140-141,143,145,151-55, 157-63; as English-language term; equivalents of, 97,109-11; establish ment of, in Corfh, 10; in Europe, 47, 52-53. See also laography
184 Ours Once More folksongs. See song folktales. See narrative food, 152-53 football, as topic in folklore, 140 foreigners, attitudes toward, vii, xix, ЗО, 31, 33, 74, foreigners' contribution to Greek research, 77,96 foreigners’preconceptions about Greece, 30 foreignness of Byzantine imperium, 55 foreign powers’ interests, xii, xviii, xx, 12, 16.163 forgeries, textual, 40,60, 81,127 fortune-telling. See also divination Foscari, Foscarini (Venetian family names), 24 Foscolo, Niccolò (Ugo), 24-25,29,41 Fouché, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, 25 Foustanella, 95n4 France, French, 5,12,13,14,16, 23, 25, 51,52,53,82,110,135,136n7,159, 160.161.163 Franck, Sebastian, 159 Frangoudaki, Anna, 19, 22n8 "French" party, in Greek politics, 16 French Revolution, 13,159 French scholarship, 110 Friendly Society. See Filiki Eteria funerary rites, 26. See also dirges furniture, 154 Gaelic culture, 22n8 Gaidoz, Henri, 110 games, 93,95n4,112,152; children’s, 154; dramatic, 151; Olympic, 72n9 Geertz, Clifford, 21nl, 21n3 Geldart, E. M., 120n3 Gennadius Library, 136n8; Gennadius, John, 133 Genos, 113 George I, King, of Greece, 80,161,163 Georgiou, Theodoros, xxiinl Germania (Tacitus), 157 German mythology, 21n2, ІЗОпЗ; scholarship, xii, 27,78,89,97,137,145; unification, 76 Germanos, Bishop of Old Patras, 20 Germans, position of, in Greece, 79-80 Germany, 27, 85,87,89,162,163; allied to Bulgaria, 134; Politis studied in, 99, 111,118 gesture, in performance, 154 Ghikas, Helen. See d’Istria, Dora Ghikas, Prince Michael, 53 Gizelis, Gregory, 140 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 16,26, 27,48 Golden Dawn (ultra-
right political movement), xii-xiii Goldstein, Kenneth, 28 Goldstein, Leon J., 21nl gospel, 44,49,129; as metaphor, 13 Goudas, A., 65,66 Graikoi. See Greki graphics, 154 Great Idea, 117,121,126,127,129, 130,133,135,136,137,146. See also irredentism Great Powers, xii, 3,16. See also individual countries Greece, Classical, vii, viii, xv, xvi, 1,2, З, 5,14, 33, 38,42,44,66,103,104, 107,113,114,143,155ո4; as idea and ideal, 1-3,16,17,18,114; knowledge of, among modern population, 13; as prototype for Finland, Ireland, 9; as symbol. See also Greki; Hellas; Hellenes; Romii Greek language, Classical, 26, 35,41, 65, 75; demotic, 18, 26, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37,39,41,64,65,72n7,81,94,159; dialects, 37, 72n7,84,88,121; katharevousa, xvii, 15,18, 33, 35, 36, 39, 65, 100,159; modern, standardization of, 7. See also language; language question Greetings, 152 Greki, grekiki (language), 37. See aho Greek language Grevena, 71 Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Karl; and Wilhelm Karl, 9,27,51,99,114,120n3,145, 159,160 guerrillas. See kleftism, klefts guests, 153 Guilford, Lord, 34
Index 4թ 185 Guillard, Achille, 109,161 Guillet, André (La Guilletière), 10,21n5 guslari, 56 Hagia Sophia, 115,127,128,129,130, 131,132 Hahn, Johann Georg von, 87 haidout, 63,64,100,134,139 hamis, 64 hairstyles, 153 hajduk, 63,64,72,100 Hallowell, L A., 21ո4,146 Hamann, Johann Georg, 13,49,51,159 Hase, К. В„ 77 Haxthausen, Werner von, 16, 27,28,67 Hegel, G. W. E, 38,42,45,46,159 Hejirah, 157 hēlieia (“sun shrines”) and Helios, 104 Hellas (idealized image of the ancient Greek past), 1; as point of origin, 103; continuity of, 85,93; and as complex, 121,124,126; reborn and recreated, 2, 11,13,19,30; rediscovered, 93; related to Europe, 2,4,133,134 Hellenes, xvi, xxv, 1,41,68,102,127,129, 132,138; achievements of, 44; as cate gory of mythical giants, 40,123-125; as category of self-designation, 18, 22n7,94,122,123,124,125; as Euro peans, 3,71; as ideological category, 58, 65,66, 68; as pagans, 4,17,122; as race, 16; Balkan people as, 15, 53, 54; barbarians and, 122; consequentiality of history for, 13; continuity of, 71, 74,85,89,100,123; individualism of, 134; Koutsovlachs as, 73nl2,73nl3; opposed to communists, 138 Hellenic Folklore Society, 109 Hellenic ideal, 1,2,16,17. See also Hellas; Hellenes Hellenic model of language, 18, 37. See also Hellas; katharevousa Hellenistic period, 33,110 Hellenist thesis 17,29, 33, 34,40,41, 49, 53, 58; as“Hellenic-Christian civilization," 138 Henderson, G. P., 21nl Heptanese. See Ionian Islands Herakles, 104,116 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 8,13,45, 47,49,51-52,145,159,160 Herodotus, 89,127,136n4,157 Herzfeld, Cornelia Mayer, ix
Herzfeld, C. T. and E, O,, ix Herzl, Theodor, 22n6 Hesiod, 44 heterotropic customs, 127 Heuzey, Léon, 124 historical category of songs; 60, 63, 69, 72nl0,83,97-98,107,108,115,116, 131,134,135,159 Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, 108 historical evidence in folklore studies, 8, 76,87 historical linguistics, 120n3 historicism, 14,62,126,131,132 historiography, xxii, 92,140,143,144, 147,148 history, as form of knowledge, viii, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvii, xviii, xix, xxv, 5,9,12,13, 17,18,19,21nl, 26-27, 30, 37,38-39, 46-47,56-59,61,64,74,77,79,96, 108,110,115,119,122,123,140,143, 144,145,147,148,149nl; in relation to vernacular texts, 74,98,118,123 Hobsbawm, Eric, 61 Hodgen, Margaret X, 102,103 Holden, David, 14,18,19 holy water, 153 Holy Week, laments during, 112,151 Homer and Homeric scholarship, 10, 24-25,41,46,55,56,72n4,121,122, 136nl, 155,158 homotropic customs, 127,145 Horace, 24 host-guest relations. See xénia houses, 140,152; haunting of, 154 Howarth, David, 65 humanism, xi; and humanitarianism, xxii humorous songs, 151; stories, 112,152 Hussey, J. M„ 76-77, 88 Hydra, 54 Hyperion, 104 hypocoristic names, 60,72n2. See also names
186 4t? Ours Once More Iatridis, A„ 72-73nl0 Ibn-Khaldun, 158 Icons, 129,130,132,153 identity, 8,19,54,100,127,145,149nl; cultural, xvi; European, xvi, xxii, 74; national (Finnish), 9; national (Greek), viii, xii, xiv, xvii, xviii, xx, xxii, 2,5,7,9,12, 14,15,16,19,53,74,75,76,79,80,88, 108,121,127,129,136,141,144,145; personal, eroded in folk-songs, 59-61 ideology, xiv, xvii, xxv, xxvi, 4,5,11,16-19, 21nl, 54,138,14n2; colonialist, 102; demoticist, 36; Hellenist, 37,40,47, 62, 67,74,75,77,91,115,118; kinship, 113; Marxist, 141n3; philhellenic, 5, 67,134 idolatry, 122 ‘'Illyrian” language, 27 imitation of animal sounds, 152 improvisation, 32,155n2 incubation, 153,155 Independence, Greek War of. See war individualism, as mark of Greek character, 55,57-58,63,74,130,134 Indo-European languages and cultures, 9, 104,107,120n3 inheritance, traditional laws of, 80,153; culture as, 104 invocations, 153 Ioannina. See Yannina Ioannou, G., 90 Ionian Islands (Heptanese), 10,11,23-24, 26,34,37,45,50nl, 116,159,161 Ireland, 9,21n2 Irredentism, xii, 91,108,115,117,118, 121-22,126,136,138,161. See also Great Idea Islamic culture and religion, 32, 55, 60, 64, 89,92,116,117,126 Istanbul, See Constantinople Italian culture and language, 23,24,25, 26-27, 29,45, 50nl; etymological root, 18; scholarship, 45,82,110,113,145 Italy, 2,13,23,37,53,135,145,148 Iviron Monastery, 10,159 Jain, Ravindra K., ix James, Richard, 22n5,159 Jay, John, 16 Jefferson, Thomas, 5,19 Jenkins, Romilly, 21nl, 65 Jews, exemption of from head tax in antiquity, 109; expelled from Spain, 158; Greeks as descended from,
21n2; national home of, 22 John the Baptist, Saint, 155n2 John Chrysostom, Saint, 10,157 Joseph, Brian Daniel, 95n2 Josephus, 109 Judas, burned in effigy, 154 junta (1967-74). See military rule justice, as category of vernacular culture, 113,153 Justinian, Byzantine emperor, 123 Kakouri, Katerina, 140,141n4 Kakridis, Johannes Theoph., 122 kalamaradbes, as abusive term for urban efite, 35 Kalevala, 160 Kaloyiri, 154 Karagiozis, 18 Kares, 66 Karolidis, P., 117 Katartzis, Dimitrios, 159 Katastrofi. See Catastrophe katbarevousa. See Greek language Katsoulis, G. D., 115 Katzioulis, Parthenios, 10 Khrisanthopoulos, L., 80,113 Khrisovitsi (Acamania), 124 Khristovasilis, Kh., 68,107,130,132 Kind, Theodor, 16,59,67,75,82,97,120n3 Kindi, Vaso, xxiinl Kiprianou, Khrisanthos S„ 18,119n2,121 Kiriakidis, Stilpon P., 52,99,101,102, 135,137,138,139 Kiriakidou-Nestoros, Alki, xxv-xxvi, 17, 103,107, 111, 137,138,140,141nl Kirkoff, General, 163 Kissavos, Mount, 66-67 Kitto, H. D. E, 22n8 kleftism, klefts, 35,56,58,59,61-67, 68-71,72n4,72-73nn7-10,74,83, 84,91 klidhonas, 151,154,155n2
Index jşe 187 Kionaris, Christodoulos, 5 Knights of Saint John ofJerusalem, 159 Kohler, Reinhold, 111 Kolokotronis, Theodhoros, 60,81 Konya, 73nll Koraes, Adamantios, 5,13,14,15,16,27, 52,92,93,159 Korakistika, 152 Kordatos, Yanis, 12,13,14, 59,124,138, 160 Kossovo, Battle of, 55 Kotzambasidhes, 20 Koukhtsoglou, Yannis, 141nl Koutsovlachs, 66,70-71,73nnl2-13, 121,136nl Kratos, 11 Krumbacher, Karl, 118 Kulturkrets theories, 137 Kurds, 100 Kyriakides, Stilpon R See Kiriakidis, Stilpon R Lachesis, 33 La Guffletière. See Guillet, André Lamarckianism, 14 Lambrinos, George, 59, 63,118,138 lament, for Fall of Constantinople, 128, 131,132; as type of song, 43; for Zidros, 31, See also dirges lamps, unsleeping, 154 language, as basis of ethnicity, 145; childrens, 153; disease of, 105. See also Greek language language question, 35,123; Hellenic name of language, 18, 37; neo-Atticism in, 5; Romeic name of language, 17,18, 37, 122,144. See also Greek language Lanitis, Nik. Kl., 69,73nl4 Laografía (journal), 109,116,162 laography (laografia) (as name of disci pline), 11,47,71,89,94,96,97,98,101, 108,109-11,112,113,119n2,123,128, 129,137,138,140-41,145,151-55 Latin language, 52,136nl; -s, 37 Lavra Monastery, 20 law, 113; brigands', 153; historical, 46,47, 108; natural, 14; physical, 13; Roman, 123; Solon's, 15; traditional, 80,153 Lawson, John Cuthbert, 102,106,114, 162.163 Lazarus, Lazarus Saturday, 155; songs of, 112,151 Leake, William Martin, 21n5 learned culture, 7 Leavitt, John, xv Lefkas (Lefkadha), 26, 37,160 Lefkias, Anastasios, 78, 86,88,160 Leghorn (Livorno), 37 Leigh Fermor,
Patrick, 17 Lelekos, Michael, 80-86, 97,140 Lenormant, François, 113 Lent, 154,155 Leonidas, 49,81 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, xii, xvi liberalism, liberals, 11,12,74,76,138,161 life-cycle rites, 86 life-styles, 86,93,116,153 Limassol, 93 linguistic archaism, 4, 36, 88,121,122 Lipset, Seymour Martin, 16 literalism, 17,21, 31, 32, 59,60,62,63, 97,105,106,107,115,118,125,130 literary model of folklore, 86,107 literature, as contribution to nation building, 34; included as folklore, 30; oral, 8,109 localism, 20,67-68, 69,71 Locrians, 66 London; Treaty of, 22n9,134 Lönnrot, Elias, 160 Loomis, Louise Ropes, 2 Lord, Albert B„ 56 Lõukas, G„ 91-94 Loukatos, Dim. S., 22n5,140 Ludwig I, King, of Bavaria, 12 Lullabies, 71 Lycurgus, 93 lyric, 41,42,112; lyrical songs, 151 Macedonia, 70,72nl0,130,134,142, 157.158.163 mafia, 62 magic, verbal, 152,154 Magyars, 54 Mahmud II, Sultan, 95n3 Malakasi, 71
188 4^ Ours Once More Malta, 159 Mani, Maniats, 16, 68, 87 Mannheim, Karl, 21nl Manousos, Andonios, xx, 34-37, 38,97, 130,161 Manoussis, Theodhoros, 27 Manuscripts, early, of folksongs, 10 Manzoni, Alessandro, 25-27, 34, Marcellus, M, L. J. A, C. D. du X, Count, 30,50n2,95n4 Mardonius, 127,136n4 marriage rites, 26, 75 Martellotti, Guido, 29 Marxism, -ists, 13, 56,138,140,141n3 Matthew, Saint, 48 Maul, Shirley, ix Maurer, (Ludwig-)Georg von, 80,113,160 Mavrianos and his sister, song of, 118 Mavrogordato, John, 117 Mavrokordatos, Alexander, 160 Mavrophrydes, D. L, 92,93 May Day, 154 Mazarakis, E. D., Ill, 137 Mecca, 157 medicine, popular, 154; university studies of, by Capodistrias, 23 medieval history and culture, ix, 2, 8, 38-39,72n9,79,114,117; Hellenism, 49 Megas, George A,, 58,132,139-40 Meghalt Idhea. See Great Idea Menardos, Simos, 43,50n3 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Karl, 82 Mercury (Roman deity), 104 metaphor, xii, 14,81, 93,103,105,125, 152 Metsovo, 70-71 Milan, 127; Edict of, 157 military rule, 1967-1974,137,138, See also Papadopoulos, George Mimnermus, 44 Minos, 66 Mira, 33 miroloyia. See dirges mitata, 155n3 Mitra, 104 Mohammed, 157 moira. See mira Moisiodax, Joseph, 159 Moldavia, -ns, 125. See ako Romania monarchy, 12,46,77, 80,161 monasticism, monks, 28,44,57 monotheism, 56 "monuments of the word,” 99, 111, 112, 151-52 moral censorship, 7 Morgan, Gareth, ix, 63, 67 Motsias, Khristos, 72n9 Moustoxidis, Andreas. See Mustoxidi, Andrea Muller, Max, 49,105-6,120n3 musical notation, 10 Muslims. See Islam Mustoxidi, Andrea, 11,25-29, 50nl, 77 myth, 30,152; Akritic songs
as, 117; an cient, fragmentation of, 106; and legend, 112; as category of folklore scholarship, 112-13; as “disease of language,” 105, 106; German, compared with Greek, 120n3; Hellenes as, 17,40,123,124-25; and language, 49,105; and metaphor, 152; astronomical, 90; contrasted with truth, 30; meteorological, 105; national, 59; Roman, 104; solar, 105; Vedic, 104; of fete, 33; of fertility and rebirth, 90; of Perseus, 104; of Volkgeist, 52; proverbs in, 113,152; -ology, comparative, 97; and Christianity, 94; Lõukas' treatment of, 94; and Politis’ use of, 92,98-100; of origin, 21n2; origins of, 105,106; strata of, 104; sun in, 101,104-5 Nafplio. See Nauplion names, ancient, in use, 15; baptismal, 60, 61,152; Byzantine, preserved in song, 116,118; Foscolos, changed, 24; hypo coristic, 60,72n2,72n5,152; in songs, 59-60, 63; national, 125; saints) 15; and as assimilating ancient names, 90; of animals, 152; of clan segments, 72n5; of Fates, 33; of games, 93; of inanimate objects, 152; of individuals; of ships; of the Greek people, xvii-xx, 17; place(toponyms), 78,152; sur-, 24, 60,152; transliteration of, ix Napists, 16
Index J$S 189 narrative, -s, xiii, xx, 115,125,159,161; Byzantine and Classical themes in, 121; categories of, 112; conflated with myths, 94,106,123; cosmological, 112; Danish, 125; early collection of, 87; in song, 67,116; myth as, 112; themes of as determining classification, 64 national character, 43,49, 53-56, 58, 64, 65,86,91,94,101,108 national consciousness, 12,42,45, 51-53, 54,61,68,70,71,74,123,127,130, 143,144,145 national culture, xvi, xix, 6,7,17,19, 33, 137,140,141,147; history of, 74 national identity, viii, xvii, xviii, xx, 2, 5, 8, 9,12,15,16,76,79,88,108,127,141 nationalism, xi, xiii, xviii, xxi, 2,4, 5,6, 17,18,21nl, 27,42,53,56,59,68, 74,75,76,79,84,101,117,122,126, 131,132,138,144-45,147,160,161; edino-, xii, xiii; and culture history, in Vico; as European phenomenon, 12, 13, 51; Balkan, 53,54; German, 51,74; opposed by higher clergy; philosophical, 17,25; propagated by Filiki Eteria, 12; revolutionary, 25; secular, 91 nationality, 54,75,78, 87,88,138,162; Hellenic, granted to d'Istria, 53 nation-state, viii, xi, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xix, xx, 1-5,9,12,14,16,17,20,21n3,33,42, 52,70,77-78,80,113,121,127,131, 143,144,147-48,160, See also ethnos; nationalism; national culture natural-law philosophy, 14 nature, as theme in Greek folk poetry, 48; beliefs about, 154 Nauplion (Nafplio), 23, 31, 60,160 Nausicaa, 95 Navarino, Battle of, 22n9,136n7,160 Naxos, 95n4 Nea Estia (journal), 141nl Needham, Rodney, xiv Nenedakis, Andreas, xv neo-Classicism, 37, 81, 111, 114. See also language question, katharevousa neo-Platonism, 45 nereids, 89 Nicholas, Saint, 114
Nicknames. See hypocoristic names Nisbet, Robert A„ 8-9 “Northern Epirus," 69 oaths, 152 obscenity, 112 occupations, 152 Odessa, Greeks of, 12,52,98,160 Odysseus (Odhisseas). See Androutsos, Odysseus offerings, 153 Oinas, Felix J., xi, 22,47 Old Testament, 21n2,122 Olympia, 153 Olympic Games, 72n9 Olympus, Mount (Cyprus), 93 Olympus, Mount (Greece), 56, 66-67 opacity of intersubjective relations, xiv ordering, principles and procedures of, 52,76 orgiastic cults, 114,154 Orlandos, Anastasios, 9, 34 ornament, personal and architectural, 32, 153,154 Orthodox Christians and Orthodoxy, 4, 12,14,17, 38 56, 89,114,138. See also Christianity Orthodox rites, 44 Othon(as). See Otto I Otto I, King, of Greece, 12,16,77, 79, 80, 160,161 Ottoman. See Turkey, Turks Overcoding, 21 Ozolae, 66 Padua, University of, 23 paganism, 4,10,17,22,44, 57, 89-91,94, 102,114,157,162 Palamas, Kostis, 123 Pandora (journal), 31,49,73nl3, 82,98, 119nl pan-Slavism, 138 Papadopoullos, Theod., 141n4 Papadopoulos, George Papadopoulos-Vrettos, Andreas, 26,77, 79,160 Papazisis, Dimitrios, 70,121 paramithia. See narrative
190 Ours Once More paratsouklL See hypocoristic names Parga, flight from, 29 Paris (France), 37 Paris, Gaston, 110 Parliament (Greek), 49, 53,54 Parry, Milman, 56 Parthenon, 157 Participant-observation, 148 participant role, assumed by Greek folklorists, 39-40 Pashley, Robert, 28,29,89,91,96,123-24 Passow, Arnold, 59,82,87,97 Patriarchate of Constantinople. See Constantinople patrilineal groups, 113,153. See also genos; social organization patriotism, 9,11,18,19,20,25,29, 30,34, 35,40,48,59,61,64-65,70,93,97, 99,100,115,131,132,134,139 patronage, vii, xviii, xix, 144; geopolitical, 4 Pausanias, 26 peasants. See rural population Peloponnese, 12,20, 69,77,159 performance, -s, 31,32,43,62,70,107,114 Perikles and Periklean era, 14,41,93,157 perperouna, 112,151,154,155n2 Perseus, 104 Persians, 81,89,136n4 Petropoulos, D., 136n2 Petropoulos, Ilias, 140 Petropulos, John A., 61 Phaëthon, 104 Phanariots, 87 philhellenism (and philhellenes), vii, 4, 5,6,11,13,18,26,27,34,53,54,57, 74,76,103,133,134; resented, 30, 33; transplanted to Greece, 49 philological methods, 108 philology, xiii, xvii, xx, 2,25, 59, 60,70, 78,84,87,92,93,94,97,108,115,116, 117,123; antiquarian, 101,102,107; “national," 81; “political,” 70,73nl2; in relation to folklore, xii, xxi, 98 philosophy, 14,25-27,30,38,47,49,51, 79; Classical, 42,44,48,49; foreign (i.e., not Greek), 8,12,13,28, 34,45, 46; popular, 154 Phocas, Nicephoros, 158 Phocylides, 44 Phoebus, 104 Piccolos, Nikolaos, 5,27 Piraeus, Anglo-French occupation of, 161 Pitrè, Giuseppe, 160 Plataea, Batde of, 127,136n4 Plato, 5,42 poetry,
24,28,29,30,34,41,42,44, 56, 63,81,82,84,86,100,106,107,134, 163 Polilas, Iakovos, 34,45,161 Polls, 22 politics, xvii, 2,4,22n8; and identity, xvii; cultural, xviii; of heritage, xi; Greek, 12, 16, 52 Politis, Alexis, 140 Politis, Nikolaos G„ xii, xx, 33,47-48,49, 64-65,77,78,86,87,88,89,92,94, 96-120,122,123-135,136,137,138, 139,140,145,151-54 Poppius, A., 51,160 Porthan, H, G„ 159 Poseidon, 114 Pouqueville, F. C. H. L., 21n5 presuppositions, methodological, viii, 1, 47,79,83,102,110,132,146 priesthood, 57 processions, 63,154 professional terms, 152 prophecies, 115,130,137; of Agathangelos, 1929; of birth and resurrection of Christ, 19; of Fall of Constantinople, 119,126,128,130,131,132; popular, 126,127; self-fulfilling, in ethnological method, 15,112,118 Protestantism, 42 proverbs, 10,84,87,101,102,113,141, 152 Ptolemy Philopator, 109 punishments, 139,153 purification, textual, 82,107; rites of, 154 Pûshan, 104 Quinet, Edgar, 72-73nl0,73nll, 77,87 race, as concept, 22n7,51,71,73nl3,103, 133 rain litanies, 154
Index Rakovski, Georgi Stoikov, 161 Read, Allen Walker, 62,72n8 rebel, in ԱՏ. usage, 62,72n8 rebetika, 140 Red Apple-Tree (Kokkini Milia), 127 Reed-Danahay, Deborah E„ xxi refrains, 44,152 regeneration of Greek culture, 15,19,23, 107,131 religion, as criterion of identity, 14, 52 religious festivals, 85 Renaissance (European), 2, 5,10,102 restoration, textual, 107. See also alteration; emendation resurrection, 44; on analogy with resur rection of Christ, 19; of Greece, 20,27, 30; rejected in favor of‘‘rediscovery’’ by Lõukas; revolution as, 9 “resurrection” of personal names, 61 Revolution, Greek. See Independence, Greek War of Rhodes, 88,155n4,159; siege of, commemorated in song, 60 Rhodokanakis, Th. P., 98-100 rhyme, 81 riddles, 152 Rigas, Férreos, ЗО Ritual, 75,86, 89,91,140,151,162 riziko, 33 Robbins, Joel, xiv Romaios, Kostas A., 107,129,130,140 “Roman” character attributed to Byzantine imperium, 38-39,123 Roman Empire, 17,157 Romania, as Orthodox Christendom, 125; as“Roman" world, by Venetians, 158 Romania, -ians, xx, 15,125-26. See also Koutsovlachs; Wallachia Romeic elements as “foreign,” 38 Romeic thesis, xii, xvii, xviii, xx, 17,18,19, 20,21, ЗО, 33,34,37, 38,39,41,44,71, 121,122,137,138,144,148; applied to language, 4,17 Romii, xvi, 17, 37,122,123 Rumsey, Alan, xiv rural population, xiv, 4, 6,10,12,13,17, 18, 21ո2, 29, 35, 36, 39,43, 52, 57, 58, 107,122 191 Russia, 12,22,23,75,76; -ians, 9,12, 75; Greeks in South Russia, 12; language, 30; “Russian” party in Greek politics, 16 sacrifice, 153 St. Clair, William, 10,12,52 Saint Petersburg, 30,160 saints, as object
of traditions, 152 saints’day festivities, 154 Sakellarios, Athanasios A., 92 Samaria (Crete), 124 Sanders, D., 87 Sanskrit, 104,105,120n3,161 Santarosa, Salvatore, Count, 24-25 Saracens, 116,158 Sarakatsani, 72n4,155n6 Sathas, K., 116 satirical songs, 112,151 Savitri, 104 Scandinavian mythology, 21 Schein, Muriel Dimen, 70 Schmidt, Bernhard, 33,77, 88,94,95n5, 97,99,110 schooling, Greek, xii, 7,19,58, 68, 93,153 Scotland, 22n8 Sculpture, 111, 154 selection, as aspect of method, viii, 21, 39, 58,76,83,85,103,112,119 self-criticism among Greeks, vii semiotics and semiotic phenomena, xxi, xxv, 6, 96,128,140. See also code Serbo-Croatian folklore studies, 47 Serbia, Serbs, Serbian culture and lore, 47, 54-55,64,100,134-35,139 Sèvres, Treaty of, 135,163 Sfakteria, 25 Sheridan, C. B„ 16 Shyrock, Andrew, xiii Sicily, 62,127 Simopoulos, Kiriakos, 22n5 sinafia (“contact”), 118 Sjögren, A. J., 51,160 Skanderbeg (George Castriota), 54,72n3 Skhinas, Dimitrios, 28 Skouteri-Didaskalou, N., 140 Slavs, 55-57,64,157-58; and pan-Slavism, 138; elements in Greek culture, 76, 77-78,92; and in Greek “race,” 76,
192 Ours Once More 87-88; as ideological category, 75,134, 138-39; on Cyprus, 93 Smyrna, 23,135 social organization, 113. See also genos; patrilineal groups sociology, 123,140 Socrates, as precursor of Christ, 44 Sokolov, Y.M.,22n5,47 solarism, 105 Solomos, Dionisios, 23, ЗО, 34, 37, 38,40, 41,45,46,161 Solon, 15 song, -s, xiii, xx, 5,26,27, 32, 36,41, 58, 67, 72ո4, 81, 82, 84, 90, 95ոՅ, 101,105,106,115,121, 125,128, 135,140,151,154ո19, 161; Akritic, 72ո9,116,117-19, 138; Albanian, 73ո11; amended in translation, 31; anti-establishment, 115; as reflecting national character, 54-56; Bacchic, 44; bawdy, 28-29,112; Bulgarian, 58; classification of, 29, 35,60,64, 69,82, 112,114,151; collections of, 5,10, 16,24,28,29,30, 31,34,35-36,38, 39-40,50n2,59,87,95nn4֊5,98, 112,114,115,160,161,162,163; Corsican, 10; Cretan, 67; dance-, 44, 101; dirges as, 32, 34,41,43,44, 50n3, 112,151; early manuscripts of, 10, 158; editing of, by scholars, 39-40,82; Epirote, 68-70; erosion of identity in, 60-61, 63, 67; factional, 115; historical, 72nl0,83,97-98,107,115,116,135, 159; Illyrian, 19; kleftic, 59, 60,63,64, 66,67,68-70,72n9,72nl0,83,100, 115-16,118,133,138; Koutsovlach, 70-71; Lazarus, 112; linked to tragedy, 43-44; of Hagia Sophia, 128,129-32, 133; rebetika, 1409; stemmatic analysis if, 60;, 107 swallow, 10,88,106-107, 112,137,151,157,158; swing-, 112, 151; titles of, 32,60, Sophocles, 42,48,81 Soteropoulos, S., 73nl0 Sotiropoulos, Dimitri, 15,18 Soutsos, Alexander, 48 Soviet Union, xi, 163 Spain, 158 Sparta, 93,127,136n4 Spectator, The (journal), 18 speechless water, 155n2 spells, 152,154
Spiridakis, G. K., viii, 10,22n5,27, 33, 34, 49,87,107, 111, 137 Sprachsphilosophie, 45 Spyridakis, G. K. See Spiridakis, G. K. Staël, Mme. (Anne Louise Germaine) de, 51,144 Stalin, Joseph, 139 Stavrakas, Spyros, ix stemmatics, 60,115 Stephanopoli, Dimo, 21n5 Structuralism, xvi, 140 Stuart-Glennie, J. S„ 103,162 Styx, 106 subjectivism, 30, 39,41,49 summer solstice, 154 sun, worship of, 89-90,101,104-5,106, 155n8 survivalism, survivals, viii, 17, 33,89-94, 101-3,104,105,106,108,113,114, 119n2,125,162 Sûryâ, 104 swallow song. See song swing songs. See song symbolism, 46, 61,75,99 Syria, as name for the Islamic world, 92-93 Tacitus, 157 tarnata. See ex-votos Tasoulas, kleft, 72n9 Taurus, 100 Taxonomy, viii, 6,8,29, 32,43,59,62,64, 68,69,72nn9-10,79,82,83,84,94, 96,97,98,100,103,107,111-14,116, 118-19,120n5,125,137,138,151-54. See also song terminology, 51, 62,75,88,103,122; folk, 43, 52,124; of ethnicity, 22n7,124; scholarly, 52 textuality. See alteration; emendation and restoration Theodoret of Cyrrhus, 122
Index 4թ 193 Theodosius 1,157 Theognis, 44 Thermopylae, 49 Thessaloniki, 13,23,133,158,163 Thessaly, 95n3,158,162 Thiers, J.-B., 159 Thompson, M. S„ 70,73nl2 Thoms, William John, 109-10, 111, 161 Thrace, 134,135,154 Thucydides, 66 tikhi, 33 Tipaldo, Emilio de, 25,27, 50nl tides, invented, of folksongs. See song Tito, Josip Broz, 139 toasts (drinking), 152 Tommaseo, Niccolò, 10,16,24, 25,26,27, 28,29,31,34,46,47,50nnl-2,159,160 tongue twisters, 152 toponyms. See names Trærup, Birthe, 72nl0 traffic signals, as topic in folklore, 140 tragedy (literary genre), 5, 37,42,43,46, 48,49,161, tragboudhi, See songs transcription as method, 151,152,154 transhumance, 72n4,155n6 transliteration, ix Trebizond, Trapezuntine culture, 50n2, 77,129,158 Trieste, 27 tropes, 152. See also metaphor truth, as ancestral inheritance, 30; as conceptual issue, xiii, xxv, 3; contrasted with temporal prophecy, 132; “ethnic,” 21nl, 65; ideological, 21nl; state's vision of, XV Tübingen, University of, 21n5 Tuffin, Paul, 136n2 Turgot, A. J. I., 8-9 Turkey, Turks, Ottoman, conquest and occupation of Greek-speaking lands by, 13,17,23,35,52,60,66,68,75,92, 117,124,133,134,135,158,159 Turkish culture traits (including language), viii, 4,15, 70,73nl2,144 Turkocracy (Tourkokratia). See also Turkey Tyche. See tikhi Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett, xvi, 97,101-3, 104,105,109,119n2,146,161,162 Tylor Anthropological Library (Oxford) 101,104,119n2 Tyrol, 74 Ulysses (= Odysseus), 55,95n4 United Democratic Left (EDA), 141n3 United States of America, Civil War in, 62; Declaration of Independence in, 11; discovery of, 42;
nationality ideology in, 16, view of scholarship from, 2-3 Urtext, 66,106-8,115,132. See also stemmatics Utensils, 152,154; personal names given to, 152 Vacalopoulos, Apostólos E„ 12,13,125, 126 Valaoritis, Aristode, 132-33 Valetas, G., 37,45 Vallicellian Library, 158 Valvis, Stamatios, 48-49, 58,86, 89,91, 96,97,132-33 Vampirism, 89,96 Van Gennep, Arnold, 162 “variants” of text, 64, 66, 67,69,106,107, 118,131 Vasdravellis, John K., 59, 63 Vassar College, ix Vedas and Vedic mythology, 104 veiling of women, 26 Veloudis, Georg, 117 Venetian dialect (of Italian), 26 Venetians in Crete, 62,159 Venice, Venetian Republic, collapse of, 23; role of in Fourth Crusade, 158 Venizelos, Eleftherios, 133,134,135,163 Venizelos, J., 87 Vico, Giambattista, and Vidrian thought, 24-28,45-47,49,51,106,145,159 Vienna, 27 Vios, 102,103,108,155n5 Virgil, 48 Vishnu, 104 Vivilakis, Emmanuel, 84-87,88,91,97 Viziinos, George, 132
194 ֊tfŕ Ours Once More Volk, 11, 85,87; Volksgeist, 45,52,57,59, 70; Volkskunde, 110-11; Volksleben, 89; and other compounds of Volk, 110,159 Voulgaris, Dimitrios, 54 Voulgaris, Evyenios, 159 Voutier, Olivier, 30,87,95n4 Vryonis, Speros, 61 Vulgarities, alleged, in song texts, 28, 32, 33-34. See also obscenity; song Wace, A. J. B„ 70, 73nl2 Wachsmuth, Kurt, 22n6, 33,76,77, 87, 88,90-91,94,106,114 Wallachia, -ans, 53,70,125. See also Romania war, -s, 19,134,159,161,162; Civil (Greece), 56,138-40; Civil (United States), 62; equated with history, 19; First World, 64,133,163; GrecoTurkish (1920-22), xii; of Indepen dence (Greece), xv, 3,10,11,13,14,20, 22n9,54,57,58,62,70,85,133,160 wedding. See marriage rites Wiesbaden, 27 Wilde, Oscar, 44 Wilhelm I, Kaiser, of Germany, 162 Wills, Garry, 11,19 Wilson, William A., 9,47,48, 51 Winner, Irene Portis, 57,96 Winner, Thomas G., 96 Wishes (as genre), 152 Witchcraft, 154. See also evil eye Women, position of, in Balkan societies, 54 word games, 152 World War I, See war Worship (as genre of folk activity), 113, 114. See also ritual xénia (Classical guest-host relation), 155n4 Xenophon, 15,18 Xenos, Stefanos, 65 Xydis, Stephen G., 12,95nl Yangas, Athanasios, 68,69 Yannina, 10,23,81,95n3 Young Turks, 162 Yugoslav, -s, -ia, xx, 56,57,70,72nl0,139 zadruga, 57 Zagori, 40 Zakhos, Emmanuel, 140 Zakynthos, 23,24, 34 Zakythinos, Denis A., 95 Zambelios, Ioannis, 37 Zambelios, Spyridon, 13,14, 24, 27,28, 30,34,36,37-49,50n3,51,53,55,57, 58,64,67,79,82,83,84,86,89,91,93, 97,98,101,106,107,108,116,122, 137,138,140,161 Zannetos, George, 72n4 Zante.
See Zakynthos Zeitgeist, xii, 52 Zidros, 31, 60 Zionism, 22n6 Zug (Switzerland), 37 Beytriache |
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| author | Herzfeld, Michael 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172136113 |
| author_facet | Herzfeld, Michael 1947- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Herzfeld, Michael 1947- |
| author_variant | m h mh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046808341 |
| contents | Introduction. Historicizing a history -- Prologue to the Greek edition / Alki Kyriakidou-Nestoros -- Past glories, present politics -- Extroversion and introspection -- National character, national consciousness -- Attack and reaction -- The creation of a discipline -- Expansion and collapse -- Conclusions and emergences -- Epilogue. Laying the foundations of the anthropology of Europe: an ethnography of culture theory / Sharon Macdonald |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1181988325 (DE-599)BVBBV046808341 |
| edition | New and revised edition |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Griechenland |
| id | DE-604.BV046808341 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:58:13Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-31T00:51:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781789207224 9781789207323 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032216950 |
| oclc_num | 1181988325 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xxvi, 194 Seiten Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200928 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Berghahn |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Herzfeld, Michael 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)172136113 aut Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece Michael Herzfeld New and revised edition New York Berghahn 2020 xxvi, 194 Seiten Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Introduction. Historicizing a history -- Prologue to the Greek edition / Alki Kyriakidou-Nestoros -- Past glories, present politics -- Extroversion and introspection -- National character, national consciousness -- Attack and reaction -- The creation of a discipline -- Expansion and collapse -- Conclusions and emergences -- Epilogue. Laying the foundations of the anthropology of Europe: an ethnography of culture theory / Sharon Macdonald "When this work - one that contributes to both the history and anthropology fields - first appeared in 1982, it was hailed as a landmark study of the role of folklore in nation-building. It has since been highly influential in reshaping the analysis of Greek and European cultural dynamics. In this expanded edition, a new introduction by the author and an epilogue by Sharon Macdonald document its importance for the emergence of serious anthropological interest in European culture and society and for current debates about Greece's often contested place in the complex politics of the European Union"-- Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd rswk-swf Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 gnd rswk-swf Nationalcharakter (DE-588)4137343-1 gnd rswk-swf Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 gnd rswk-swf Volkskunde (DE-588)4078937-8 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd rswk-swf Folklore and nationalism / Greece National characteristics, Greek Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 g Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 s Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 s Volkskunde (DE-588)4078937-8 s Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 s Nationalcharakter (DE-588)4137343-1 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-78920-723-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216950&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216950&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216950&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Herzfeld, Michael 1947- Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece Introduction. Historicizing a history -- Prologue to the Greek edition / Alki Kyriakidou-Nestoros -- Past glories, present politics -- Extroversion and introspection -- National character, national consciousness -- Attack and reaction -- The creation of a discipline -- Expansion and collapse -- Conclusions and emergences -- Epilogue. Laying the foundations of the anthropology of Europe: an ethnography of culture theory / Sharon Macdonald Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 gnd Nationalcharakter (DE-588)4137343-1 gnd Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 gnd Volkskunde (DE-588)4078937-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063849-2 (DE-588)4008017-1 (DE-588)4137343-1 (DE-588)4041282-9 (DE-588)4078937-8 (DE-588)4022047-3 |
| title | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece |
| title_auth | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece |
| title_exact_search | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece |
| title_full | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece Michael Herzfeld |
| title_fullStr | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece Michael Herzfeld |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ours once more folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece Michael Herzfeld |
| title_short | Ours once more |
| title_sort | ours once more folklore ideology and the making of modern greece |
| title_sub | folklore, ideology, and the making of modern Greece |
| topic | Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 gnd Nationalcharakter (DE-588)4137343-1 gnd Nationalbewusstsein (DE-588)4041282-9 gnd Volkskunde (DE-588)4078937-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Volkskultur Brauch Nationalcharakter Nationalbewusstsein Volkskunde Griechenland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216950&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216950&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216950&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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