Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy: the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War
"From 1957 onwards, the "Pugwash Conferences" brought together elite scientists from across ideological and political divides to work towards disarmament. Through a series of national case studies - Austria, China, Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany, the US and USSR - this volume o...
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| Format: | Tagungsbericht Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Leiden ; Boston
Brill
[2020]
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| Schriftenreihe: | History of modern science
volume 3 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "From 1957 onwards, the "Pugwash Conferences" brought together elite scientists from across ideological and political divides to work towards disarmament. Through a series of national case studies - Austria, China, Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany, the US and USSR - this volume offers a critical reassessment of the development and work of "Pugwash" nationally, internationally, and as a transnational forum for Track II diplomacy. This major new collection reveals the difficulties that Pugwash scientists encountered as they sought to reach across the blocs, create a channel for East-West dialogue and realize the project's founding aim of influencing state actors. Uniquely, the book affords a sense of the contingent and contested process by which the network-like organization took shape around the conferences. Contributors are Gordon Barrett, Matthew Evangelista, Silke Fengler, Alison Kraft, Fabian Lüscher, Doubravka Olšáková, Geoffrey Roberts, Paul Rubinson, and Carola Sachse." |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben "Both editors wish to thank our contributors for taking part in a panel at the conference of the European Society for the History of Science in Prague in 2016 and for their cooperation in bringing this collected volume together." -- Acknowledgements |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 356 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789004340152 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "From 1957 onwards, the "Pugwash Conferences" brought together elite scientists from across ideological and political divides to work towards disarmament. Through a series of national case studies - Austria, China, Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany, the US and USSR - this volume offers a critical reassessment of the development and work of "Pugwash" nationally, internationally, and as a transnational forum for Track II diplomacy. This major new collection reveals the difficulties that Pugwash scientists encountered as they sought to reach across the blocs, create a channel for East-West dialogue and realize the project's founding aim of influencing state actors. Uniquely, the book affords a sense of the contingent and contested process by which the network-like organization took shape around the conferences. Contributors are Gordon Barrett, Matthew Evangelista, Silke Fengler, Alison Kraft, Fabian Lüscher, Doubravka Olšáková, Geoffrey Roberts, Paul Rubinson, and Carola Sachse." | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations x Note on Contributors хш Introduction. The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs: Vision, Rhetoric, Realities і Alison Kraft and Carola Sachse PARTİ Founding a Transnational Network of Concerned Scientists in a Bipolar World 1 Science, Peace and Internationalism: Frédéric Joliot-Curie, the World Federation of Scientific Workers and the Origins of the Pugwash Movement 43 Geoffrey Roberts 2 Patronage Impossible: Cyrus Eaton and His Pugwash Scientists 8o Carola Sachse PART 2 Pugwash and the Superpowers 3 Party, Peers, Publicity: Overlapping Loyalties in Early Soviet Pugwash, 1955-1960 121 Fabian Liischer 4 American Scientists in “Communist Conclaves:” Pugwash and Anti-communism in the United States, 1957-1968 156 Paul Robinson 5 Minding the Gap: Zhou Peiyuan, Dorothy Hodgkin, and the Durability of Sino-Pugwash Networks 190 Gordon Barrett
VIII CONTENTS PART З Pugwasfi at the Central European Frontier 6 “Salonbolschewiken: Pugwash in Austria, 1955-1965 Silke Feng1er 221 7 Czechoslovak Ambitions and Soviet Politics in Eastern Europe: Pugwash and the Soviet Peace Agenda in the 1950s and 1960s 259 Doubravka Olšáková 8 Confronting the German Problem: Pugwash in West and East Germany, 1957-1964 286 Alison Kraft Commentary. Blurring the Borders of a New Discipline: The Achievements and Prospects of Pugwash History 324 Matthew Evangelista Index 345
Index Acadia Farms gi, 93 Adenauer, Konrad 244,294,296,317 “Policy of strength” 288,296 Adler, Jens 309 Adzubei, Alexsej 91 Afheldt, Horst 295,311,312,316,318 Aleksandrov, Anatolii P. 147 Amaldi, Edoardo 18,175 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Committees on Research Funds Grant 182 Permanent Science Fund 182 American Committee for the Weizmann Institute for Science 182 Anderson, Clinton 170 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 7,186 Anti-nuclear protest (see also Radioactive fallout) 223,244,245,247,249, 253-254 Appeal of Berlin 58 Appeal to the Intellectuals ofEurope and the World 337 Arbeiter-Zeitung 231,233,245,248 Artsimovitch, Lev 27,303 Ascoli, Max (Fund) 181 Association of German Scientists 222 “Atom free” (denuclearized) zones 289,310, 316,329 see also Working Group 3, Dubrovnik Atomsfor Peace program (see also Eisenhower) 26,241,246 Aubrac, Raymond 205,206 Daughter: Élizabeth 205 Austrian Academy of Sciences 85,242,247 Austrian “atom hysteria” 244,246 Austrian civil nuclear energy program 222, 244,246,250,253 Austrian Communist Party 221,222,229 Austrian Council of Ministers 246 Austrian Foreign Office 252,253 Austrian Independence Treaty 226 Austrian Peace Council 234 Austrian People’s Party 221,223,229,232 Austrian Pugwash Group (see also Association of Austrian Scientists; Vereinigung Österreichischer Wissenschaftler) 222,249,250,251, 25Յ Anti-communist membership policy 251 Austrian Socialist Party 221,223,229,241, 242,243 Austrian State Treaty 224 Austrian Trade Union Federation 246 Bamboo Curtain 193 Bardin, Ivan P. 127 Baruch Plan 122 Barwich, Heinz
298,299,300,311 Bator, Francis 332 Berlin Crisis 29,96,112,113,123,161,164,286, 289,303,310,319,320 Question 315,318 Pugwash proposal for an international science center 301 Wall 288,296 Bernal, John Desmond 46,49,54,58,61,67, 277.ՅՅ4 The Social Function ofScience 46 Bethe, Hans 114,183,340 Biquard, Pierre 53,64,69,71,73,74,275 Bjomerstedt, Rolf 273 Bohr, Nils 57 Bom, Max 53,63,70,239,243,3°2 Brandt, Willy 288 OstpoUtik 10 Brecht, Bertolt 54,334 Brezhnev, Leonid 20,270,279 “Brezhnev Doctrine” 262,279,281 Britain-China Friendship Association 196, 202 British Association of Scientific Workers 49 Atomic Science Committee 52 Conference on Science and the Welfare of Mankind 49 British Atomic Scientists Association 12,52, 69 British Broadcasting Corporation 53, 63,69 Panorama program 69
346 British Council, Tokyo 197 British Embassy, Tokyo 197 British House of Lords 324 British Peace Committee 66 Broda, Engelbert 229,234,235,239,240, 245,250 Brown, Harrison 18,80,81,82,146,162,166, 179,181,182,183,186,195 Bullard, Edward 105 Bulletin ofAtomic Scientists Ш136,69, 74,81, 139 159-160,184,296,300,313 Bundy, McGeorge 169,170,330,332,339 Hostility toward Pugwash 330 Burgess, Guy 52 Burhop, Eric H.S. 1,12,52,53,63,64,69, 70-74,76,267,274,277,279,290 Burkhard, Gerd 288,290,291,295,296,300, 301,307, ՅԱ. 321,327 Joint paper with Max Steenbeck at Dubrovnik 308-316 Buzzard, Anthony 105 Calder Hall nuclear power station (UK) 71, 130 Caldicott, Helen 339 Calogero, Francesco 331 Cambodia (Democratic Kampuchea) 204 Campagnolo, Umberto 336 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 67, 104,167 Committee of 100,167 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 181,183 Castle Bravo accident (see Radioactive fallout) 12Ո38,50,53,60,69,233 Bikini Atoll 50 Marshall Islands 50 Central Intelligence Agency 100,157,166, 177.178,179,180,186,187 Centre National de ία Recherche Scientifique 47.54 Chagall, Marc 55 Chaplin, Charlie 55 Chatham House rules 22,306 Chautauqua Conferences 336 Checkel, Jeffrey 335 Chemiaev, Anatolii 335 Chesapeake Ohio Railway 72,80,101 INDEX China Association for Science and Technology 203,209 China, “no first use” policy շս, 213 China Peace Committee 211 Chinese Academy of Sciences 197 Chinese Communist Party 190,201,209 International Liaison Department 212 Chinese Embassy in Brazil 212 Chinese nuclear weapons project 194,199, 211, 212 Chinese Ministry of Foreign
Affairs 194,329 Chinese People’s Association for Peace and Disarmament 210-211 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 209 Chirk, Wales 72,130,131 Churchill, Winston 337 Cockcroft, John D. 28, U4 College de France 54 Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique 47,48, 54 Committee for a san E Nuclear Policy 175 Commoner, Barry 158 Communist Information Buro (Cominform) 47,56,263 For a Lasting Peace, For a People’s Democracy! (Cominform Newspaper) Secretariat 56 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Central Committee 269,271-273 Communist Party of the Soviet Union 124, 125,131,133-134,136,138,150.151 Archives of 326 Central Committee 270 Presidium of Central Committee 126, 127,128,132,140,145-146,150 “Communist Pile” 48 Comprehensive test ban negotiations 122-123 Congress for Cultural Freedom 336 Cornell University 172,176,333 Cotta-Ramusino, Paolo 331 Cousins, Norman 27 Cuban missile crisis 112,113,123,164,186,331 Cultural Revolution (China) 190,199,200, 201 Curie, Marie Skłodowska 45 Laboratory in Paris 51
INDEX 347 Nobel Prize 46 Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences 261, 268,269,272,280 Czechoslovak Institute of International Policy and Economics (Prague) 272, 282 Czechoslovak Pugwash Group (or Committee) 264,270,275,280,328 Formation of, 1964 268 Czechoslovak Society for Microbiology 269 Czokor, Franz Theodor 236 Danforth Foundation 180,181,183 Dartmouth Conferences 335 Da Vinci, Leonardo 59 De Gaulle, General 10,47 Gaullist movement 62 Denk, Wolfgang 246 Der Abend 234 Détente 9-10,68,186,319 Brandt and Ostpolitik 10 De Gaulle 10 Franco-Soviet 62 Gomułka, Władysław 259 Djerassi, Carl 183,185 Dodd, Thomas J. (US Senator) 101,110,156, 170,185,186 The Pugwash Conferences: A Staff Analysis (The Dodd Report) 101,165, 325 Doty, Paul 148,158,169,171,179,180,261,272 Dow Corporation 162 Du Bois, W.E.B. 55 Dulles, John Foster 100,230 DuPont corporation 162 Dyson, Freeman 183 East German Academy of Sciences 298, 30Յ, 304,307 East German Council of Ministers 293 East German Pugwash Group 307,312,317 Eaton, Charles 90 Eaton, Cyrus S. 1,21,29,72,73,80,83-113, 144,158,159,162,165,166,167,180,181, 182,183,194-195.227.241,329 Wife: Anne (nee: Jones) 84,86,96,97,111 At third conference, Vienna/Kitzbiihel, 1958 104 At sixth conference, Moscow, i960 108-110 Friendship/meetings with Khrushchev 101,102,108,125 Edwards, E.G. 265 Egypt 62 Anglo-French-Israeli invasion 62 Ehrenburg, Ilya 54,55,61,63,65,68,334, 337 Einstein, Albert (see also Russell-Einstein Manifesto) 1,29,43,45,47,64 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 95,96,157,171 And Khrushchev 97,100 And 1962 election 108 Atoms for Peace 26 Emel’ianov, Vasilii
S. 147,149 Enlai, Zhou 201 Epistemic community 33,338-341 Espionage (see also Pugwash) 25,48,52, 299Ո5° EURATOM 243,274 European Defence Community 62 European integration 225 European Organization for Nuclear Research (cern) 206-208,273 European security 297,308,310,318,31g European Society of Culture 336 Fadeev, Aleksandr 54,55,334 Falk, Maurice and Laura (Foundation) 181 Federal Bureau of Investigation 99,100 Federal Council (Upper House of the Austrian Parliament) 240 Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Austria) 226 Federation of Atomic Scientists 12,179 Federov, Evgenii 112,149,163,269 Feld, Bernard T. (see also Pugwash Secretary General) 159,166,167,172-181,183, 184,185,186,191,198,204-206,329,330 Chair of US Pugwash group 160 Editor of Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 160 Feshbach, Herman 205 f iät car company 333 Field Foundation 182 Figl, Leopold 232 Fischer, Ernst 236
INDEX 348 Ford Foundation 176,179,185,332 International Studies of Arms Control 182 Ford, Gerald (US President) 204 Formt. Österreichische Monatsblätterfür kulturelle Freiheit 231,232-233 “Conversation with the enemy 233 Franz, Hermann 295 Freedom Party of Austria 246 French atomic bomb test (first) 146 French Communist Party 47,48,62 Front National de Lutte pour la Liberation et l’independence de la France 47 Gang of Four 200,201,203 Garwin, Richard 185 General and Complete Disarmament 317 Geneva Summit, 1955 68,279 Gentner, Wolfgang 243 German problem 96,272,286,289,308, 309,310.3». 312.3i3 317.3i8 319.320 Division of Germany 293,313 Reunification 313,314 Ghana 192,312 Ghana Academy of Sciences 198,199 Glass, Bentley 18, 80,81,82,146,162,165,172, 186,195,271 Global South 319 Gomułka, Władysław 259 Gorbachev, Mikhail 2,335 Gottingen Manifesto (Declaration) 239, 244,294 “Grand Coalition (Austria) 221,223,226 Great Depression 99 Greenbrier Hotel, West Virginia, US 101 Gromyko, Andrei A. 134 Grossman, Marcel (Second meeting on General Relativity) 206,208 Grotewohl, Otto 239,298 Guofeng, Hua 201 Gutteridge, William 273 Gvishiani, Dzhermen 332 Gvishiani, Ludmila 332 Habsburg Empire 228 Hahn, Otto 70,239,243,294 Haldane, J.B.S. 54,334 Hallstein Doctrine 288,293,298,303,315 Harper, William Rainey 90 Heer, Friedrich 232,233 Heimendahl, Eckart 295,311 Heisenberg, Werner 243,294 Hess, Peter 311,312,318 Hiroshima (see also Japan) 156 Hitler, Adolf 47 Hodgkin, Dorothy 190,192,193,195,196,198, 200,202,203,204-205,208, շս, 213-214, 329 Husband: Thomas 197 Pugwash President 202
Hongying, Liao 196 Honi, Helmut 243 House of Unions, Moscow 135 House Foreign Alfairs Committee (US) 100 House Un-American Activities Committee 99,100 Hua, Huang 193,197,198,203 Hugo, Victor 59 Hungarian crisis 62,68,73,131,161,230 Huxley, Julian 54, 83,334 Indian Science Congress (January 1957) 71, 72.73. 84 Infeld, Leopold 1,18,43,50,268,281,318 Institute for General Biology, University of Vienna 251 Institute for Low-Energy Nuclear Physics (Beijing Normal University) 212 Institute for Radium Research (Vienna, Austria) 250 Institute for Strategic Studies 105 Institute of Atomic Energy (ussr) 140,147 Institute of Biophysics (USSR) 44 Institute of International Education 182 Institute of Microbiology, Prague 269 Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles 135-136 International Atomic Energy Agency 227, 243 International Biological Program 260 International Center for Theoretical Physics 206 International Commission for Cultural Relations 58 International Council of Scientific Unions 25
349 INDEX Internationa! Geophysical Year 25-26,260, 268 International Hydrological Decade 260 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis 332 International Institute for Cellular Biology (Czechoslovakia) 261,274,282 International Liaison Committee of Intellectuals for Peace 54-55 International Peace Institute (Czechoslovakia) 261 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 6,32 International Radiation Conference 162 International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflicts 331 International Union of Crystallography International Congress 202 International Year of Peace 210 Iron Curtain 25,121,123,149,150,163,236, 263,266,270,337 Isakov, Boris R. 66 Italian Socialist Party 55 Izvestia 75,91,134,147,163 Katz, Amrom H. 106 Kauders, Otto 237 Kelsen, Hans 337 Kennedy, John F. 27,147,156՛ 157 163,164. 170,171 i960 election 108,110 Keynes, Geoffrey 230 KGB 107, 111, 112,132, 144 Khrushchev, Nikita S. 27,29,80,91,93, 94, 95,96,108,110,113,121,122,128,140-150, 164,165,259,270,279,329,334 and Eisenhower 97,100,102 welcome address at Kitzbiihel/Vienna Conference 1958 142 Kirillin, Vladimir L. 151 Kissinger, Henry 26,28,206,261,271,272, Japan (see also Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Castle Bravo accident) Use of atomic bomb against, 1945 11 Jiusan Society 209 Johnson Foundation 181 Johnson, Lyndon B. 157,164,167,169,170, 242,243.252 Kuczyński, Jurgen 318Ո110 Kurchatov, Igor V. 140,146 Kuzin, Aleksandr M. 44,128,132,268 Kuznetsov, VasiliiV. 127 174. ЭЗ» Great Society Program 171 Joliot-Curie, Frédéric 1,8,29,43-77,94.162, 263,266,267,276, 328,334,335 Nobel Prize 46
Wife, Irene 54 wpc President 61 Jonas, Franz 242 Kalman, Herbert C. 27 Kapitza, Petr L. 147,268 Kaplan, Jake Kaplan Fund 179 Kaplan, Martin (see also Pugwash Secretary General) 185,191,192,193,202, 203-208,291,292,329 Karlik, Berta 250 273 Kistiakowski, George 114,161 Kliefoth, Werner 243,288,290,291,294, 295.300.301.302.303.305.306 Koemer (Theodor) Foundation 242 Kohler, Foy 177 Korean War 45,230 Kosygin, Aleksei 332 Kreisky, Bruno 223,224,225,226,227,231, Langendorff, Hanns 243 Lapter, Karol 281,290,291,305-306,309,316 Lebanon crisis 141 Lebedev Institute of Physics, Moscow 44 Leghorn, Richard 110 Lenin Peace Prize 44,52,98,109,166,195 Lewis Jr, Fulton 242 Li,Y.T. 176 Limited Test Ban Treaty 7,10,97, ոշ, 123, 151.157.164.165.169.186,289,310,332 Lindop, Patricia 86 Logan Act, 1799 101 Long, Franklin D. 114,172,175,176,177,183 Lord Hailsham 324 Lukács, Georg 337
350 INDEX Maclean, Donald 52 Magai, Michel 162,163 Mainz, Felix 251 Majetka, Victor 245 Málek, Ivan 18,264,269,271,274,280, 281-282,290,309 Malenkov, Georgy 62 Manhattan Project 47,52,57,159,161, їді Mann, Heinrich 55 Man’s Perä 53,63 Markov, Moisei A. 128,204 Markovich, Herbert 18 Marquess of Lothian 324 Marshak, Robert 185 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 159, 160,176,330,339 Matisse, Henri 55 Max Planck Society 70,243,287,293,294, 295 McCarthyism 82,102,156,170,334 Meitner, Lise 240 Meyer, Agnes 184 Mikoyan, Mikhail 166 Miller, Arthur 55 Millionshchikov, Mikhail D. 151 Minh, Ho Chi 206 Moiseev, Nikita 333 Molotov cocktails 47 Monck, Viscount 324 Morgenthau, Hans 271 Momo, Guo 210 Moscow International Economic Conference 59 Muller, Herman J. 70 Muller, Steven 176,177Ո63 Mutually Assured Destruction 145 Nagasaki (see also Japan) 156 Nałęcz, Maciej 281 Nasser, Abdel 83 National Socialists/Socialism 47,228,238, NATO 289.304, ЭИ 56, 62, 69,106,163,172, 225, 271, 293, 294. 298, ՅՕՕ. Յ02, 307. ЗІ7. ЗІ9. Յ27, Յ29 Multilateral Force 172 Travel restrictions on East Germans 300,302,303,315,327 Needham, Joseph 196,197 293, Nehm, Jawaharlal 71,84 Němec, Theodor 270,275,276,280,290,309 Nenni, Pietro 55,56,58 Neues Deutschland 305 New World Foundation 181 Nitti, Giuseppe 59 Nixon, Richard 108 Nkrumah, Kwame 197,198,199 Noel-Baker, Philip 252 Non-aligned Movement 316 Novae Vremya 75 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 7,10,186, 199 Nuclear-propelled icebreaker, “Lenin” 142 Nuclear weapons tests Fallout, dangers 60 Moratorium (November 1958-September 1961) 123,143,269 Resumption of
tests 266 Nuclear Winter 333 Nuzhdin, I. 268 Oder-Neisse line 296,297 Old Republic Charitable Foundation 181, 183 Onassis, Aristoteles 84 Oparin, Aleksandr 51,73,275,276 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 156 Orear, Jay 183 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 266 Österreichische Studiengesellschaft für Atomenergie GmbH 247 Österreichische Volksstimme 234 Österreichisches Tagebuch 234 Outer Space Treaty 332 Paris summit 108 cancellation of 107 Paris Treaties 304 Pauling, Linus 94, no, 158,161,167,175,176, 179.339 Pavlichenko, Vladimir 44,107,108,109,111, 132,144,151 “Peaceful coexistence”, foreign policy of USSR 125,141 Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy 47,241, 250.339
351 INDEX First Geneva Conference, 1955 26,51, 71-72,128,267 Second Geneva Conference, 1958 97,140 Peierls, Rudolf 18 Peking University 193,202,209 Perkins, James 175 Permanent Committee of the Partisans of Peace 56,58 “Permanent neutrality” (Austrian foreign policy) 221,225,251,253 Physics (Chinese academic journal) 201 Picasso, Pablo 54,334 Polevoy, Boris 91,92 Polish Academy of Sciences 43,261,269 Polish Committee of the International Union of Radio Science 269 Pose, Heinz 298 Powell, Cecil F. 1,12,13,17,43,71,72,73, 75, 76,84,102,130,266,267,275,276,283, 290 Death 279 Handling of Eaton 109 Powers, Gary 97 Poznan, Internment Camp 303 Prague Spring 29,67,171,260,280,338 Prague University 101 Pravda 75,76,133,134 President’s Science Advisory Committee (US) 157,158,160,161,164,171 Professors for World Peace 276 Przibram, Karl 251 Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Pugwash) And Chemical and Biological Weapons 191 And espionage 25,48,52,299Ո50 As back channel’ 11,25,302 As epistemic community 6,33,338-341 As transnational advocacy network 33, 340,341 Charges of being communist ‘front’ and/or‘stooges’ 3 International Office, London 184,185 Journal 168-169 Nobel Peace Prize 2,191,324,340 Perceptions of, in East and West 24 P-coswA 88 Quinquennial conferences 299 ‘Spirit’ or ‘ethos’ 21 Status as As Non-Govemmental Organization 21 Symposia 4,309Ո91 Study Groups 4,9,186 Pugwash Conferences No. 1.1957, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada 1,44.45. 51.80,131,159,289,329 No. 2.1958, Lac Beauport, Canada 51,74, 84,86,93,102,103,136.139.161. ¡ӘЗ՛ 290.329 No. 3.1958,
Kitzbühel/Vienna, Austria 13,51,81,87, 96,102,140,141,149,222, 227,241,242,249, 268,290,298 No. 4.1959, Baden, Austria 143,193,222, 227.241.243.249.329 No. 5.1959, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada 144 No. 6. i960, Moscow, USSR 23,88,106, 147,164,165,190,193,261,268,295,296, 298.313.329 No. 7.1961, Stowe, VT, US 301 No. 8.1961, Stowe, VT, US 163,179,299, 163,179,295, 296,299.313. Յ16 No. 9.1962, Cambridge, UK 114 No. 10.1962, London, UK 4,114,170,196, 286,299,300,304,306,310,319,320, 327 No. 11.1963, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia 287, 307.308,310,311,312,319,320 No. 12.1964, Udaipur, India 166,169,183, 307 No. 13.1964, Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czechoslovakia 171,172,174,271,287, 288,307,318,319,320,330 No. 14.1965, Venice, Italy 173,174,330 No. 15.1965-1966, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 174,183,198 No. 17.1967, Ronneby, Sweden 202,299 No. 18.1968, Nice, France 171,280 No. 19.1969, Sochi, USSR 280 No. 20.1970, Fontana, USA 185 No. 26.1976, Mühlhausen, East Germany 293 No. 27.1977, Munich, West Germany 202
INDEX 352 Pugwash Conferences (cont) No. 30.1980, Breukelen, The Netherlands 207 No. 31.1981, Banff, Canada 208-209 No. 35.1985, Campinas, Brazil 190,212 No. 41.1991, Beijing, China 193,213 Pugwash Continuing Committee 2,9,17, 20,22,25,27,75,81,85,87,94,102, to8, 146,160,162,168,184,186,190,191,192, 198,200,227,235,241,242,262,269, 275,281-282,286,288,290,292,299, 306,309,320 Changing size and composition of 107 Discussions as to format of conferences 106 Formation 17,74,290,293 Meeting no. 29, Nice, France, September 1968 280 Meeting no. 31, Sochi, USSR, October 1969 280 National Groups 290 Pugwash Council 190,213,214 Pugwash: European Group 18,286,291,292, 295.315.316. ЭЧ. 320 Meetings 292 Meeting no. 6, Geneva, March 1963 306-308, 316,319,320,321 Pugwash: Miscellaneous meetings Mariánské Lázně (Marienbad), 1967,1968 273.274 Pugwash: Secretary General Rothlat, Joseph 3,17,105,143,160,191, 292 Feld, Bernard T. 18,191,160 Kaplan, Martin 18,191,202,204,213 Pugwash Study Group on Biological Warfare 273 Pugwash Study Group on European Security 272,282,286,292Ո22,308,309,317,319 Meetings 309 Controversy and end 30g Pugwash: Working Groups at Conferences 4,286,292,316,319 Working Group 3, Dubrovnik, 1963 307, 316-319 Working Group 1, Karlovy Vary Quinling, Song (Mme. Sun Yat-sen) 318 210 Raab, Julius 226,232,246,247 Rabi, Isodor 114 Rabinowitch, Eugene 12,13,14,17,19,53,69, 74,75,80,81,82,88,102,105,106,110, 139,159,160, i6t, 166,174,176,177,179, 183,186,195,242 Chair of US Pugwash group 161 Drafts of Vienna Declaration 159 Radioactive fallout from nuclear tests (see also Castle
Bravo accident) 60,101, 221,233-234,244,246,253 Biological dangers of ionizing radiation 69,138-139,245,339 Connection between exposure and leukemia 138 Controversy surrounding 60,253 Public fears of 60,247,248,253,339 Radiostrontium 75,234Ո59 rand Corporation 106 Randolph, Jennings 170 Rapacki Plan 296,327 Rathjens, G. 183 Rayner, W.H. 183 Red China too Red Scare 156,159,164 Reisekader (East Germany) 302 Renner, Karl 224,229 “Restricted internationalism” 260,262,270, 282 Reuters 203 Reynolds, Christopher (Foundation) 180, 182,183 Rich, Alexander 167,178,192,198,199,200, 202 Rienäcker, Günther 290,298,300,301,303, 304, յա, зі6,318 Roberts, Chalmers M. 95 Rockefeller, John D. 90 Rockefeller Foundation 176,180,183 Rollet, Edwin 236 Roosevelt, Theodore 47 Rostow, Walter 28,113,332 Rotblat, Joseph (see also Pugwash Secretary General) 1,12,13,15,17,19,53,69,70, 71,73,74,75,76,84,102,104,106,109, 160,162,166,173,174,178,191,205,235, 241,242,288,290,292,299,300,302, 305,306,3°8,311, Յ12.324,337
353 INDEX Archives 327 Royal Society, London 197 Royon, Betty 86,106,108,111 Ruina,Jack 183 Ruiz, Arangio 175 Rumpf, Helmut 311 Rusk, Dean 165 Russell, Bertrand 1, 8,17,29,43,44,53, 63-74,83,84,102,104,106,109,126,131, 143,158,159,167,242,246,268,275,28g, 292.337 Russell-Einstein Manifesto 1,8,12,29,43, 44,45- 64, 66, 69, 70,71, 72, 76, 77- 83, 84,102,112,126,127,129,150,159,160, 211, 212, 239,264, 268,329,335, 337 Sagan, Cari 333 Sakharov, Andrei 339 Salam, Abdus 206-208 “Salonbolschewiken” 237,238 “Salonkommunismus” 238 Sarabhai, Vikram 18Ո52 Sartre, Jean-Paul 59,334,337 Schaerf, Carlo 175,331 Schärf, Adolf 232,241,242,243,246 Schmidt, Helmut 2,288,295,296 Defense or RetaUation ? 296 Schönfeld, Thomas 234,235 Schrödinger, Erwin 232 Schweitzer, Albert 245,246 “Declaration of conscience” 245 Science “in black” 31-32 Shared language of 2,14,102,131,336 Special domain 16 Science Diplomacy 23,32,262,281,283 Sciencefor Peace conference, London 57 Scientific internationalism 77 Scoville, Herbert 172,185,186 Seitz, Frederick 106,179 Selove, Walter 183,185 Semenov, Nikolai N. 135 Senate Foreign Relations Committee 100 Shanqing, Zhu 212 Shorthorn cattle 91 Shulman, Marshall D. 261,272 Siemens, Berlin 303 Sinderman, Horst 293 Sino-American rapproachement 190,200, 202,204 Sino-British negotiations regarding Hong Kong 212 Sino-British Science Cooperation Office 196 Sino-Ghanaian relations 197,199 Sino-Pugwash relations 197,204,206-207, 210,212,213-214 “Long courtship” 214 Sino-Soviet relations 29,67,190,194,204, 205,210,277 Sino-Vietnam relations 204,206 Skobel tsyn, Dimitrii V
17,19,44,51,65,66, 68,75,76, 98,102,107,109,126,127,132, 134,268 Slavskii, Efim P. 140 Sloan, Alfred P. (Foundation) 181,182,183 Šnejdárek, Antonín 272,273,281-282,318 Social Responsibility (of scientists) 2,11-13, 33,126,262,282,294,304 Marxist-Leninist approach 129 Society for European Culture 276 Society for Social Responsibility in Science 276 Somerville College, University of Oxford, UK 196 Šorm, František 268,271,280,281,290,308, 318 Soviet Academy of Sciences 44,51,75,94, 127,128,146,150,151,184,261,269,326 Computer Center 333 Presidium 132,136,143 Vestnik 76 Soviet-American Disarmament Study Group 30,32,149,150,272 Soviet atomic bomb test (first) 48 Soviet Foreign Ministry 328 Archives of 326 Sovietization policy 263 Soviet Peace Committee 60 Soviet peace policy 235,259,262,263,266, 283.328 The “struggle for peace” 267 Soviet Pugwash Group (or Committee) 75, 124.126.151.184.269.328 Soviet space program 138 Soviet State Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy 147
354 INDEX Soviet Writers’ Union 54,334 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschösterreichs 232Ո49 Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands 85mg, 288 Sozialistische Partei Deutschlands 296 Spanish Civil War 46 “Speaking Bolshevik” 124,150,328 Sputnik 95,135-136,138,161 “shock” 137 St. Louis Committee for Nuclear Information 158 Stalin, Joseph (Iosif) V. 9,25,57,83,97,122, 224 Death 44,53,60,334 De-Stalinization 259 Era 45, 60,328 Peace Prize 51,67 Stalin-Tito split 56 Stalinist Sovietization of science in Eastern Europe 260,265 Standing Committee for the National People’s Congress (China) 209 Steenbeck, Max 290,300,302,303,304, 305,308,311.312.321. Յ27 Joint paper with Gerd Burkhardt at Dubrovnik 308-316 Stem, Edgar (Fund) 180,182,183 Stevenson, Adlai (Foundation) 184 Stimmen zur Zeit 234 Stockholm Appeal 57,58,264 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 30,151,270,282 Stone, Jeremy 179 Suez crisis 68,73,83,84,130,161 Supek, Ivan 290,309 Suslov, Mikhail 56 Swartz, William 182 William and Mary Swartz Foundation 182 Symposium: “Peace and Security in the Asia-Pacific Region”, 1988, China 213 Szilard, Leo 94,102,103,139,140,144,145, 328 correspondence with Khrushchev 144, 149 correspondence with Topchiev Szulkin, Pawel 269 145,149 TASS 98 Teller, Edward 94,157,340 Tagebuch 231,245 Taylor, A.J.P. 54,334 Technische Hochschule Hannover 295,296 The Congressional Record 170 The Daily Worker 165 The Guangming Daily 201 The Listener 63 The Nation 100 The National Review 175 The New York Herald Tribune 80,87,92,100 The New York Times 167,169,176,177 The People’s Daily 200,201,209
The Washington Post 95,195 Washington Post Foundation 183 Thermonuclear weapons (Hydrogen bomb) L43 Thinker’s Lodge 83,84,87 “Third World” (see also Global South) 168, 169,175,186,277 “Developing countries/world 316 Thirring, Hans 85,100,221,222,223,227, 235-254,290,291,305-306 Thompson, Llewellyn 172,173,186 Time Magazine 48 Tolhoek, Hans A. 290,291,305-306,309, 316,318 Toll, John 185 Topchiev, Aleksandr 18,19,44,71,72,74, 75, 76, 88,112,128-130,132-134,137,140,144, 150,268,328 And Moscow Conference 107-110 As mediator between Central Committee of cpsu and Leo Szilard 145 Correspondence with Rabinowitch, and letter to Continuing Committee, regarding U2 incident 146-147 Death 151 Torberg, Friedrich 231,233 Track π diplomacy 8, u, 23,27-28,113,123, 288 Trade Union of Private Employees (Austria) 246 Transnational advocacy network 33 Traman, Harry 170 Truman Doctrine 47,54
355 INDEX Tübingen Memorandum Tupulev, Andrei N. 147 297 U2 incident, May 1960 19,146,149 UK Atomic Energy Authority 114 UK Foreign Office 52,114,168,173 UNESCO 54,260,274,282 Division of Technical Training 269 Natural Sciences Section 196 Unilateral test ban of ussr, 1958 122,142 Abandonment of, September 1958 143 United Nations 50,51,52,92,225,226,252, 260,273 Admission of China 201 Disarmament talks 26,108 General Assembly 51 United Press International 80,111,195 University College, London, UK 52 University of Ghana 197 University of Kiel 295 University of Vienna 229 US Academy of Arts and Sciences 167,181 US Anti-communist fervor 110-111,113 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 172 US Atomic Energy Commission 156,158 US Bill of Rights 99 US Civil Rights movement 177,180 US Congress 179 US Department of Defense 172 US Internal Security Subcommittee 170 US National Academy of Sciences 161,178, 179,182,210 US Pugwash Group 157,161,166,179,180,181, 182,183,184,185,186,187 US Senate Internal Security Committee 101 US State Department 80,91,101,164,170, 171,172,173,174,176,177,178,185,186, 187,227 Office of International Scientific and Technological Affairs 174 US Supreme Court 176 Vavilov Institute of Physical Problems 147 Vienna Declaration 13,15,17,87,102,141, 142,159,227,333 Vienna People’s Congress 67 Viennese Prater, research reactor 247 Vietnam-Cambodia conflict 204-205 Vietnam War 164,167,168,169,170,171,173, 177,178,186,199,204,339 Volksstimme 236 Von Laue, Max 243 Von Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich 102,139,243, 248,293,294,295,297 Voss, John 167 Waddington, Conrad H.
74 Wainwright, William 66 Wallace, Henry 54 Wallace, Mike 92-93,99 Walter, Francis E. 99 Wang, T’u Chang 265 Warsaw Pact 160,233,271,280,329,340 Warsaw Treaty Organization 69 Weigel, Hans 231,237,238 Weinberg, Alvin 174 Weisskopf, Victor 121,125,183,206-207,330 Weizmann Institute for Science 182 Welch’s grape juice company 179 West German Pugwash Group (Vereinigung Deutscher Wissenschaftler) 294,295 Rundbrief 295 Western Allied Travel Office, Berlin 300 White House 164,171,174,175,186 Whitney, William C. Foundation 181 Wiener Kurier am Sonntag 231 Wiesner, Jerome 28,112,113,158,161,164, 165,169,174 Moscow conference, i960 110 Wise, James 291 Wolf, K.A. 295 World Academy of Arts and Sciences 276 World Association of Parliamentarians for World Government 64,71,127 World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace 54,334 World Congress of Partisans for Peace 55 World Federation of Scientific Workers 12, 30,43, 45,49, 50, 51,52, 54, 69, 71, 73-77, 94,260, 262, 267, 270, 274, 275, 276-278, 282-283, Յշ8 General Assemblies 49, 75 International Secretariat 264 Proposed “Federation” with pcswa 278 Scientific World (WFSWjoumal) 270
356 INDEX World Federation of Scientific Workers (cont.) Secretariat for Central and Eastern Europe (Prague) 264 Secretariat for the Far East (Beijing) 265 Secretariat for Western Europe and America (Paris and London) 264 Setting up of regional centers (Secretariat) 263 World Festival of Youth and Students 236 World Health Organization (see also Kaplan, Martin) 202 World Peace Assembly 63,66 World Peace Congress Helsinki, 1955 67,68 Paris, 1949 236 World Peace Council 30,43,48,54,55,58, 59,60,61,63,67, 77,234,235,263,267, 282-283, 328- 334 International Peace Prizes 67 Location of headquarters 48 Peace Congress of the Peoples 5g World Peace Foundation 181,183 World Peace Movement 222,282 Xiaoping, Deng 190,200,209,2J3 Young, Wayland 88,168 Yukawa, Hideki 71 Yugoslav Academy of Sciences 311 Zedong, Mao 190,200,201,208 Zentrum fur Kernforschung, East Germany 298 Zhdanov, Andrei 47,54,56 Zhou, Peiyuan 193,1Э4,200,202,203, 205-209,210,212,213,214,329 Daughter: Ruling 206 Zuckerman, Solly 28 Zuqia, Huang 212 Bayerische Į Staatsbibliothek
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Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations x Note on Contributors хш Introduction. The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs: Vision, Rhetoric, Realities і Alison Kraft and Carola Sachse PARTİ Founding a Transnational Network of Concerned Scientists in a Bipolar World 1 Science, Peace and Internationalism: Frédéric Joliot-Curie, the World Federation of Scientific Workers and the Origins of the Pugwash Movement 43 Geoffrey Roberts 2 Patronage Impossible: Cyrus Eaton and His Pugwash Scientists 8o Carola Sachse PART 2 Pugwash and the Superpowers 3 Party, Peers, Publicity: Overlapping Loyalties in Early Soviet Pugwash, 1955-1960 121 Fabian Liischer 4 American Scientists in “Communist Conclaves:” Pugwash and Anti-communism in the United States, 1957-1968 156 Paul Robinson 5 Minding the Gap: Zhou Peiyuan, Dorothy Hodgkin, and the Durability of Sino-Pugwash Networks 190 Gordon Barrett
VIII CONTENTS PART З Pugwasfi at the Central European Frontier 6 “Salonbolschewiken:" Pugwash in Austria, 1955-1965 Silke Feng1er 221 7 Czechoslovak Ambitions and Soviet Politics in Eastern Europe: Pugwash and the Soviet Peace Agenda in the 1950s and 1960s 259 Doubravka Olšáková 8 Confronting the German Problem: Pugwash in West and East Germany, 1957-1964 286 Alison Kraft Commentary. Blurring the Borders of a New Discipline: The Achievements and Prospects of Pugwash History 324 Matthew Evangelista Index 345
Index Acadia Farms gi, 93 Adenauer, Konrad 244,294,296,317 “Policy of strength” 288,296 Adler, Jens 309 Adzubei, Alexsej 91 Afheldt, Horst 295,311,312,316,318 Aleksandrov, Anatolii P. 147 Amaldi, Edoardo 18,175 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Committees on Research Funds Grant 182 Permanent Science Fund 182 American Committee for the Weizmann Institute for Science 182 Anderson, Clinton 170 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 7,186 Anti-nuclear protest (see also Radioactive fallout) 223,244,245,247,249, 253-254 Appeal of Berlin 58 Appeal to the Intellectuals ofEurope and the World 337 Arbeiter-Zeitung 231,233,245,248 Artsimovitch, Lev 27,303 Ascoli, Max (Fund) 181 Association of German Scientists 222 “Atom free” (denuclearized) zones 289,310, 316,329 see also Working Group 3, Dubrovnik Atomsfor Peace program (see also Eisenhower) 26,241,246 Aubrac, Raymond 205,206 Daughter: Élizabeth 205 Austrian Academy of Sciences 85,242,247 Austrian “atom hysteria” 244,246 Austrian civil nuclear energy program 222, 244,246,250,253 Austrian Communist Party 221,222,229 Austrian Council of Ministers 246 Austrian Foreign Office 252,253 Austrian Independence Treaty 226 Austrian Peace Council 234 Austrian People’s Party 221,223,229,232 Austrian Pugwash Group (see also Association of Austrian Scientists; Vereinigung Österreichischer Wissenschaftler) 222,249,250,251, 25Յ Anti-communist membership policy 251 Austrian Socialist Party 221,223,229,241, 242,243 Austrian State Treaty 224 Austrian Trade Union Federation 246 Bamboo Curtain 193 Bardin, Ivan P. 127 Baruch Plan 122 Barwich, Heinz
298,299,300,311 Bator, Francis 332 Berlin Crisis 29,96,112,113,123,161,164,286, 289,303,310,319,320 Question 315,318 Pugwash proposal for an international science center 301 Wall 288,296 Bernal, John Desmond 46,49,54,58,61,67, 277.ՅՅ4 The Social Function ofScience 46 Bethe, Hans 114,183,340 Biquard, Pierre 53,64,69,71,73,74,275 Bjomerstedt, Rolf 273 Bohr, Nils 57 Bom, Max 53,63,70,239,243,3°2 Brandt, Willy 288 OstpoUtik 10 Brecht, Bertolt 54,334 Brezhnev, Leonid 20,270,279 “Brezhnev Doctrine” 262,279,281 Britain-China Friendship Association 196, 202 British Association of Scientific Workers 49 Atomic Science Committee 52 Conference on Science and the Welfare of Mankind 49 British Atomic Scientists Association 12,52, 69 British Broadcasting Corporation 53, 63,69 Panorama program 69
346 British Council, Tokyo 197 British Embassy, Tokyo 197 British House of Lords 324 British Peace Committee 66 Broda, Engelbert 229,234,235,239,240, 245,250 Brown, Harrison 18,80,81,82,146,162,166, 179,181,182,183,186,195 Bullard, Edward 105 Bulletin ofAtomic Scientists Ш136,69, 74,81, 139 159-160,184,296,300,313 Bundy, McGeorge 169,170,330,332,339 Hostility toward Pugwash 330 Burgess, Guy 52 Burhop, Eric H.S. 1,12,52,53,63,64,69, 70-74,76,267,274,277,279,290 Burkhard, Gerd 288,290,291,295,296,300, 301,307, ՅԱ. 321,327 Joint paper with Max Steenbeck at Dubrovnik 308-316 Buzzard, Anthony 105 Calder Hall nuclear power station (UK) 71, 130 Caldicott, Helen 339 Calogero, Francesco 331 Cambodia (Democratic Kampuchea) 204 Campagnolo, Umberto 336 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 67, 104,167 Committee of 100,167 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 181,183 Castle Bravo accident (see Radioactive fallout) 12Ո38,50,53,60,69,233 Bikini Atoll 50 Marshall Islands 50 Central Intelligence Agency 100,157,166, 177.178,179,180,186,187 Centre National de ία Recherche Scientifique 47.54 Chagall, Marc 55 Chaplin, Charlie 55 Chatham House rules 22,306 Chautauqua Conferences 336 Checkel, Jeffrey 335 Chemiaev, Anatolii 335 Chesapeake Ohio Railway 72,80,101 INDEX China Association for Science and Technology 203,209 China, “no first use” policy շս, 213 China Peace Committee 211 Chinese Academy of Sciences 197 Chinese Communist Party 190,201,209 International Liaison Department 212 Chinese Embassy in Brazil 212 Chinese nuclear weapons project 194,199, 211, 212 Chinese Ministry of Foreign
Affairs 194,329 Chinese People’s Association for Peace and Disarmament 210-211 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 209 Chirk, Wales 72,130,131 Churchill, Winston 337 Cockcroft, John D. 28, U4 College de France 54 Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique 47,48, 54 Committee for a san E Nuclear Policy 175 Commoner, Barry 158 Communist Information Buro (Cominform) 47,56,263 For a Lasting Peace, For a People’s Democracy! (Cominform Newspaper) Secretariat 56 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Central Committee 269,271-273 Communist Party of the Soviet Union 124, 125,131,133-134,136,138,150.151 Archives of 326 Central Committee 270 Presidium of Central Committee 126, 127,128,132,140,145-146,150 “Communist Pile” 48 Comprehensive test ban negotiations 122-123 Congress for Cultural Freedom 336 Cornell University 172,176,333 Cotta-Ramusino, Paolo 331 Cousins, Norman 27 Cuban missile crisis 112,113,123,164,186,331 Cultural Revolution (China) 190,199,200, 201 Curie, Marie Skłodowska 45 Laboratory in Paris 51
INDEX 347 Nobel Prize 46 Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences 261, 268,269,272,280 Czechoslovak Institute of International Policy and Economics (Prague) 272, 282 Czechoslovak Pugwash Group (or Committee) 264,270,275,280,328 Formation of, 1964 268 Czechoslovak Society for Microbiology 269 Czokor, Franz Theodor 236 Danforth Foundation 180,181,183 Dartmouth Conferences 335 Da Vinci, Leonardo 59 De Gaulle, General 10,47 Gaullist movement 62 Denk, Wolfgang 246 Der Abend 234 Détente 9-10,68,186,319 Brandt and Ostpolitik 10 De Gaulle 10 Franco-Soviet 62 Gomułka, Władysław 259 Djerassi, Carl 183,185 Dodd, Thomas J. (US Senator) 101,110,156, 170,185,186 The Pugwash Conferences: A Staff Analysis (The Dodd Report) 101,165, 325 Doty, Paul 148,158,169,171,179,180,261,272 Dow Corporation 162 Du Bois, W.E.B. 55 Dulles, John Foster 100,230 DuPont corporation 162 Dyson, Freeman 183 East German Academy of Sciences 298, 30Յ, 304,307 East German Council of Ministers 293 East German Pugwash Group 307,312,317 Eaton, Charles 90 Eaton, Cyrus S. 1,21,29,72,73,80,83-113, 144,158,159,162,165,166,167,180,181, 182,183,194-195.227.241,329 Wife: Anne (nee: Jones) 84,86,96,97,111 At third conference, Vienna/Kitzbiihel, 1958 104 At sixth conference, Moscow, i960 108-110 Friendship/meetings with Khrushchev 101,102,108,125 Edwards, E.G. 265 Egypt 62 Anglo-French-Israeli invasion 62 Ehrenburg, Ilya 54,55,61,63,65,68,334, 337 Einstein, Albert (see also Russell-Einstein Manifesto) 1,29,43,45,47,64 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 95,96,157,171 And Khrushchev 97,100 And 1962 election 108 Atoms for Peace 26 Emel’ianov, Vasilii
S. 147,149 Enlai, Zhou 201 Epistemic community 33,338-341 Espionage (see also Pugwash) 25,48,52, 299Ո5° EURATOM 243,274 European Defence Community 62 European integration 225 European Organization for Nuclear Research (cern) 206-208,273 European security 297,308,310,318,31g European Society of Culture 336 Fadeev, Aleksandr 54,55,334 Falk, Maurice and Laura (Foundation) 181 Federal Bureau of Investigation 99,100 Federal Council (Upper House of the Austrian Parliament) 240 Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Austria) 226 Federation of Atomic Scientists 12,179 Federov, Evgenii 112,149,163,269 Feld, Bernard T. (see also Pugwash Secretary General) 159,166,167,172-181,183, 184,185,186,191,198,204-206,329,330 Chair of US Pugwash group 160 Editor of Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 160 Feshbach, Herman 205 f iät car company 333 Field Foundation 182 Figl, Leopold 232 Fischer, Ernst 236
INDEX 348 Ford Foundation 176,179,185,332 International Studies of Arms Control 182 Ford, Gerald (US President) 204 Formt. Österreichische Monatsblätterfür kulturelle Freiheit 231,232-233 “Conversation with the enemy" 233 Franz, Hermann 295 Freedom Party of Austria 246 French atomic bomb test (first) 146 French Communist Party 47,48,62 Front National de Lutte pour la Liberation et l’independence de la France 47 Gang of Four 200,201,203 Garwin, Richard 185 General and Complete Disarmament 317 Geneva Summit, 1955 68,279 Gentner, Wolfgang 243 German problem 96,272,286,289,308, 309,310.3». 312.3i3 317.3i8 319.320 Division of Germany 293,313 Reunification 313,314 Ghana 192,312 Ghana Academy of Sciences 198,199 Glass, Bentley 18, 80,81,82,146,162,165,172, 186,195,271 Global South 319 Gomułka, Władysław 259 Gorbachev, Mikhail 2,335 Gottingen Manifesto (Declaration) 239, 244,294 “Grand Coalition" (Austria) 221,223,226 Great Depression 99 Greenbrier Hotel, West Virginia, US 101 Gromyko, Andrei A. 134 Grossman, Marcel (Second meeting on General Relativity) 206,208 Grotewohl, Otto 239,298 Guofeng, Hua 201 Gutteridge, William 273 Gvishiani, Dzhermen 332 Gvishiani, Ludmila 332 Habsburg Empire 228 Hahn, Otto 70,239,243,294 Haldane, J.B.S. 54,334 Hallstein Doctrine 288,293,298,303,315 Harper, William Rainey 90 Heer, Friedrich 232,233 Heimendahl, Eckart 295,311 Heisenberg, Werner 243,294 Hess, Peter 311,312,318 Hiroshima (see also Japan) 156 Hitler, Adolf 47 Hodgkin, Dorothy 190,192,193,195,196,198, 200,202,203,204-205,208, շս, 213-214, 329 Husband: Thomas 197 Pugwash President 202
Hongying, Liao 196 Honi, Helmut 243 House of Unions, Moscow 135 House Foreign Alfairs Committee (US) 100 House Un-American Activities Committee 99,100 Hua, Huang 193,197,198,203 Hugo, Victor 59 Hungarian crisis 62,68,73,131,161,230 Huxley, Julian 54, 83,334 Indian Science Congress (January 1957) 71, 72.73. 84 Infeld, Leopold 1,18,43,50,268,281,318 Institute for General Biology, University of Vienna 251 Institute for Low-Energy Nuclear Physics (Beijing Normal University) 212 Institute for Radium Research (Vienna, Austria) 250 Institute for Strategic Studies 105 Institute of Atomic Energy (ussr) 140,147 Institute of Biophysics (USSR) 44 Institute of International Education 182 Institute of Microbiology, Prague 269 Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles 135-136 International Atomic Energy Agency 227, 243 International Biological Program 260 International Center for Theoretical Physics 206 International Commission for Cultural Relations 58 International Council of Scientific Unions 25
349 INDEX Internationa! Geophysical Year 25-26,260, 268 International Hydrological Decade 260 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis 332 International Institute for Cellular Biology (Czechoslovakia) 261,274,282 International Liaison Committee of Intellectuals for Peace 54-55 International Peace Institute (Czechoslovakia) 261 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 6,32 International Radiation Conference 162 International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflicts 331 International Union of Crystallography International Congress 202 International Year of Peace 210 Iron Curtain 25,121,123,149,150,163,236, 263,266,270,337 Isakov, Boris R. 66 Italian Socialist Party 55 Izvestia 75,91,134,147,163 Katz, Amrom H. 106 Kauders, Otto 237 Kelsen, Hans 337 Kennedy, John F. 27,147,156՛ 157 163,164. 170,171 i960 election 108,110 Keynes, Geoffrey 230 KGB 107, 111, 112,132, 144 Khrushchev, Nikita S. 27,29,80,91,93, 94, 95,96,108,110,113,121,122,128,140-150, 164,165,259,270,279,329,334 and Eisenhower 97,100,102 welcome address at Kitzbiihel/Vienna Conference 1958 142 Kirillin, Vladimir L. 151 Kissinger, Henry 26,28,206,261,271,272, Japan (see also Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Castle Bravo accident) Use of atomic bomb against, 1945 11 Jiusan Society 209 Johnson Foundation 181 Johnson, Lyndon B. 157,164,167,169,170, 242,243.252 Kuczyński, Jurgen 318Ո110 Kurchatov, Igor V. 140,146 Kuzin, Aleksandr M. 44,128,132,268 Kuznetsov, VasiliiV. 127 174. ЭЗ» Great Society Program 171 Joliot-Curie, Frédéric 1,8,29,43-77,94.162, 263,266,267,276, 328,334,335 Nobel Prize 46
Wife, Irene 54 wpc President 61 Jonas, Franz 242 Kalman, Herbert C. 27 Kapitza, Petr L. 147,268 Kaplan, Jake Kaplan Fund 179 Kaplan, Martin (see also Pugwash Secretary General) 185,191,192,193,202, 203-208,291,292,329 Karlik, Berta 250 273 Kistiakowski, George 114,161 Kliefoth, Werner 243,288,290,291,294, 295.300.301.302.303.305.306 Koemer (Theodor) Foundation 242 Kohler, Foy 177 Korean War 45,230 Kosygin, Aleksei 332 Kreisky, Bruno 223,224,225,226,227,231, Langendorff, Hanns 243 Lapter, Karol 281,290,291,305-306,309,316 Lebanon crisis 141 Lebedev Institute of Physics, Moscow 44 Leghorn, Richard 110 Lenin Peace Prize 44,52,98,109,166,195 Lewis Jr, Fulton 242 Li,Y.T. 176 Limited Test Ban Treaty 7,10,97, ոշ, 123, 151.157.164.165.169.186,289,310,332 Lindop, Patricia 86 Logan Act, 1799 101 Long, Franklin D. 114,172,175,176,177,183 Lord Hailsham 324 Lukács, Georg 337
350 INDEX Maclean, Donald 52 Magai, Michel 162,163 Mainz, Felix 251 Majetka, Victor 245 Málek, Ivan 18,264,269,271,274,280, 281-282,290,309 Malenkov, Georgy 62 Manhattan Project 47,52,57,159,161, їді Mann, Heinrich 55 Man’s Perä 53,63 Markov, Moisei A. 128,204 Markovich, Herbert 18 Marquess of Lothian 324 Marshak, Robert 185 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 159, 160,176,330,339 Matisse, Henri 55 Max Planck Society 70,243,287,293,294, 295 McCarthyism 82,102,156,170,334 Meitner, Lise 240 Meyer, Agnes 184 Mikoyan, Mikhail 166 Miller, Arthur 55 Millionshchikov, Mikhail D. 151 Minh, Ho Chi 206 Moiseev, Nikita 333 Molotov cocktails 47 Monck, Viscount 324 Morgenthau, Hans 271 Momo, Guo 210 Moscow International Economic Conference 59 Muller, Herman J. 70 Muller, Steven 176,177Ո63 Mutually Assured Destruction 145 Nagasaki (see also Japan) 156 Nałęcz, Maciej 281 Nasser, Abdel 83 National Socialists/Socialism 47,228,238, NATO 289.304, ЭИ 56, 62, 69,106,163,172, 225, 271, 293, 294. 298, ՅՕՕ. Յ02, 307. ЗІ7. ЗІ9. Յ27, Յ29 Multilateral Force 172 Travel restrictions on East Germans 300,302,303,315,327 Needham, Joseph 196,197 293, Nehm, Jawaharlal 71,84 Němec, Theodor 270,275,276,280,290,309 Nenni, Pietro 55,56,58 Neues Deutschland 305 New World Foundation 181 Nitti, Giuseppe 59 Nixon, Richard 108 Nkrumah, Kwame 197,198,199 Noel-Baker, Philip 252 Non-aligned Movement 316 Novae Vremya 75 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 7,10,186, 199 Nuclear-propelled icebreaker, “Lenin” 142 Nuclear weapons tests Fallout, dangers 60 Moratorium (November 1958-September 1961) 123,143,269 Resumption of
tests 266 Nuclear Winter 333 Nuzhdin, I. 268 Oder-Neisse line 296,297 Old Republic Charitable Foundation 181, 183 Onassis, Aristoteles 84 Oparin, Aleksandr 51,73,275,276 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 156 Orear, Jay 183 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 266 Österreichische Studiengesellschaft für Atomenergie GmbH 247 Österreichische Volksstimme 234 Österreichisches Tagebuch 234 Outer Space Treaty 332 Paris summit 108 cancellation of 107 Paris Treaties 304 Pauling, Linus 94, no, 158,161,167,175,176, 179.339 Pavlichenko, Vladimir 44,107,108,109,111, 132,144,151 “Peaceful coexistence”, foreign policy of USSR 125,141 Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy 47,241, 250.339
351 INDEX First Geneva Conference, 1955 26,51, 71-72,128,267 Second Geneva Conference, 1958 97,140 Peierls, Rudolf 18 Peking University 193,202,209 Perkins, James 175 Permanent Committee of the Partisans of Peace 56,58 “Permanent neutrality” (Austrian foreign policy) 221,225,251,253 Physics (Chinese academic journal) 201 Picasso, Pablo 54,334 Polevoy, Boris 91,92 Polish Academy of Sciences 43,261,269 Polish Committee of the International Union of Radio Science 269 Pose, Heinz 298 Powell, Cecil F. 1,12,13,17,43,71,72,73, 75, 76,84,102,130,266,267,275,276,283, 290 Death 279 Handling of Eaton 109 Powers, Gary 97 Poznan, Internment Camp 303 Prague Spring 29,67,171,260,280,338 Prague University 101 Pravda 75,76,133,134 President’s Science Advisory Committee (US) 157,158,160,161,164,171 Professors for World Peace 276 Przibram, Karl 251 Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Pugwash) And Chemical and Biological Weapons 191 And espionage 25,48,52,299Ո50 As 'back channel’ 11,25,302 As epistemic community 6,33,338-341 As transnational advocacy network 33, 340,341 Charges of being communist ‘front’ and/or‘stooges’ 3 International Office, London 184,185 Journal 168-169 Nobel Peace Prize 2,191,324,340 Perceptions of, in East and West 24 P-coswA 88 Quinquennial conferences 299 ‘Spirit’ or ‘ethos’ 21 Status as As Non-Govemmental Organization 21 Symposia 4,309Ո91 Study Groups 4,9,186 Pugwash Conferences No. 1.1957, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada 1,44.45. 51.80,131,159,289,329 No. 2.1958, Lac Beauport, Canada 51,74, 84,86,93,102,103,136.139.161. ¡ӘЗ՛ 290.329 No. 3.1958,
Kitzbühel/Vienna, Austria 13,51,81,87, 96,102,140,141,149,222, 227,241,242,249, 268,290,298 No. 4.1959, Baden, Austria 143,193,222, 227.241.243.249.329 No. 5.1959, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada 144 No. 6. i960, Moscow, USSR 23,88,106, 147,164,165,190,193,261,268,295,296, 298.313.329 No. 7.1961, Stowe, VT, US 301 No. 8.1961, Stowe, VT, US 163,179,299, 163,179,295, 296,299.313. Յ16 No. 9.1962, Cambridge, UK 114 No. 10.1962, London, UK 4,114,170,196, 286,299,300,304,306,310,319,320, 327 No. 11.1963, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia 287, 307.308,310,311,312,319,320 No. 12.1964, Udaipur, India 166,169,183, 307 No. 13.1964, Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czechoslovakia 171,172,174,271,287, 288,307,318,319,320,330 No. 14.1965, Venice, Italy 173,174,330 No. 15.1965-1966, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 174,183,198 No. 17.1967, Ronneby, Sweden 202,299 No. 18.1968, Nice, France 171,280 No. 19.1969, Sochi, USSR 280 No. 20.1970, Fontana, USA 185 No. 26.1976, Mühlhausen, East Germany 293 No. 27.1977, Munich, West Germany 202
INDEX 352 Pugwash Conferences (cont) No. 30.1980, Breukelen, The Netherlands 207 No. 31.1981, Banff, Canada 208-209 No. 35.1985, Campinas, Brazil 190,212 No. 41.1991, Beijing, China 193,213 Pugwash Continuing Committee 2,9,17, 20,22,25,27,75,81,85,87,94,102, to8, 146,160,162,168,184,186,190,191,192, 198,200,227,235,241,242,262,269, 275,281-282,286,288,290,292,299, 306,309,320 Changing size and composition of 107 Discussions as to format of conferences 106 Formation 17,74,290,293 Meeting no. 29, Nice, France, September 1968 280 Meeting no. 31, Sochi, USSR, October 1969 280 National Groups 290 Pugwash Council 190,213,214 Pugwash: European Group 18,286,291,292, 295.315.316. ЭЧ. 320 Meetings 292 Meeting no. 6, Geneva, March 1963 306-308, 316,319,320,321 Pugwash: Miscellaneous meetings Mariánské Lázně (Marienbad), 1967,1968 273.274 Pugwash: Secretary General Rothlat, Joseph 3,17,105,143,160,191, 292 Feld, Bernard T. 18,191,160 Kaplan, Martin 18,191,202,204,213 Pugwash Study Group on Biological Warfare 273 Pugwash Study Group on European Security 272,282,286,292Ո22,308,309,317,319 Meetings 309 Controversy and end 30g Pugwash: Working Groups at Conferences 4,286,292,316,319 Working Group 3, Dubrovnik, 1963 307, 316-319 Working Group 1, Karlovy Vary Quinling, Song (Mme. Sun Yat-sen) 318 210 Raab, Julius 226,232,246,247 Rabi, Isodor 114 Rabinowitch, Eugene 12,13,14,17,19,53,69, 74,75,80,81,82,88,102,105,106,110, 139,159,160, i6t, 166,174,176,177,179, 183,186,195,242 Chair of US Pugwash group 161 Drafts of Vienna Declaration 159 Radioactive fallout from nuclear tests (see also Castle
Bravo accident) 60,101, 221,233-234,244,246,253 Biological dangers of ionizing radiation 69,138-139,245,339 Connection between exposure and leukemia 138 Controversy surrounding 60,253 Public fears of 60,247,248,253,339 Radiostrontium 75,234Ո59 rand Corporation 106 Randolph, Jennings 170 Rapacki Plan 296,327 Rathjens, G. 183 Rayner, W.H. 183 Red China too Red Scare 156,159,164 Reisekader (East Germany) 302 Renner, Karl 224,229 “Restricted internationalism” 260,262,270, 282 Reuters 203 Reynolds, Christopher (Foundation) 180, 182,183 Rich, Alexander 167,178,192,198,199,200, 202 Rienäcker, Günther 290,298,300,301,303, 304, յա, зі6,318 Roberts, Chalmers M. 95 Rockefeller, John D. 90 Rockefeller Foundation 176,180,183 Rollet, Edwin 236 Roosevelt, Theodore 47 Rostow, Walter 28,113,332 Rotblat, Joseph (see also Pugwash Secretary General) 1,12,13,15,17,19,53,69,70, 71,73,74,75,76,84,102,104,106,109, 160,162,166,173,174,178,191,205,235, 241,242,288,290,292,299,300,302, 305,306,3°8,311, Յ12.324,337
353 INDEX Archives 327 Royal Society, London 197 Royon, Betty 86,106,108,111 Ruina,Jack 183 Ruiz, Arangio 175 Rumpf, Helmut 311 Rusk, Dean 165 Russell, Bertrand 1, 8,17,29,43,44,53, 63-74,83,84,102,104,106,109,126,131, 143,158,159,167,242,246,268,275,28g, 292.337 Russell-Einstein Manifesto 1,8,12,29,43, 44,45- 64, 66, 69, 70,71, 72, 76, 77- 83, 84,102,112,126,127,129,150,159,160, 211, 212, 239,264, 268,329,335, 337 Sagan, Cari 333 Sakharov, Andrei 339 Salam, Abdus 206-208 “Salonbolschewiken” 237,238 “Salonkommunismus” 238 Sarabhai, Vikram 18Ո52 Sartre, Jean-Paul 59,334,337 Schaerf, Carlo 175,331 Schärf, Adolf 232,241,242,243,246 Schmidt, Helmut 2,288,295,296 Defense or RetaUation ? 296 Schönfeld, Thomas 234,235 Schrödinger, Erwin 232 Schweitzer, Albert 245,246 “Declaration of conscience” 245 Science “in black” 31-32 Shared language of 2,14,102,131,336 Special domain 16 Science Diplomacy 23,32,262,281,283 Sciencefor Peace conference, London 57 Scientific internationalism 77 Scoville, Herbert 172,185,186 Seitz, Frederick 106,179 Selove, Walter 183,185 Semenov, Nikolai N. 135 Senate Foreign Relations Committee 100 Shanqing, Zhu 212 Shorthorn cattle 91 Shulman, Marshall D. 261,272 Siemens, Berlin 303 Sinderman, Horst 293 Sino-American rapproachement 190,200, 202,204 Sino-British negotiations regarding Hong Kong 212 Sino-British Science Cooperation Office 196 Sino-Ghanaian relations 197,199 Sino-Pugwash relations 197,204,206-207, 210,212,213-214 “Long courtship” 214 Sino-Soviet relations 29,67,190,194,204, 205,210,277 Sino-Vietnam relations 204,206 Skobel'tsyn, Dimitrii V
17,19,44,51,65,66, 68,75,76, 98,102,107,109,126,127,132, 134,268 Slavskii, Efim P. 140 Sloan, Alfred P. (Foundation) 181,182,183 Šnejdárek, Antonín 272,273,281-282,318 Social Responsibility (of scientists) 2,11-13, 33,126,262,282,294,304 Marxist-Leninist approach 129 Society for European Culture 276 Society for Social Responsibility in Science 276 Somerville College, University of Oxford, UK 196 Šorm, František 268,271,280,281,290,308, 318 Soviet Academy of Sciences 44,51,75,94, 127,128,146,150,151,184,261,269,326 Computer Center 333 Presidium 132,136,143 Vestnik 76 Soviet-American Disarmament Study Group 30,32,149,150,272 Soviet atomic bomb test (first) 48 Soviet Foreign Ministry 328 Archives of 326 Sovietization policy 263 Soviet Peace Committee 60 Soviet peace policy 235,259,262,263,266, 283.328 The “struggle for peace” 267 Soviet Pugwash Group (or Committee) 75, 124.126.151.184.269.328 Soviet space program 138 Soviet State Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy 147
354 INDEX Soviet Writers’ Union 54,334 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschösterreichs 232Ո49 Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands 85mg, 288 Sozialistische Partei Deutschlands 296 Spanish Civil War 46 “Speaking Bolshevik” 124,150,328 Sputnik 95,135-136,138,161 “shock” 137 St. Louis Committee for Nuclear Information 158 Stalin, Joseph (Iosif) V. 9,25,57,83,97,122, 224 Death 44,53,60,334 De-Stalinization 259 Era 45, 60,328 Peace Prize 51,67 Stalin-Tito split 56 Stalinist Sovietization of science in Eastern Europe 260,265 Standing Committee for the National People’s Congress (China) 209 Steenbeck, Max 290,300,302,303,304, 305,308,311.312.321. Յ27 Joint paper with Gerd Burkhardt at Dubrovnik 308-316 Stem, Edgar (Fund) 180,182,183 Stevenson, Adlai (Foundation) 184 Stimmen zur Zeit 234 Stockholm Appeal 57,58,264 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 30,151,270,282 Stone, Jeremy 179 Suez crisis 68,73,83,84,130,161 Supek, Ivan 290,309 Suslov, Mikhail 56 Swartz, William 182 William and Mary Swartz Foundation 182 Symposium: “Peace and Security in the Asia-Pacific Region”, 1988, China 213 Szilard, Leo 94,102,103,139,140,144,145, 328 correspondence with Khrushchev 144, 149 correspondence with Topchiev Szulkin, Pawel 269 145,149 TASS 98 Teller, Edward 94,157,340 Tagebuch 231,245 Taylor, A.J.P. 54,334 Technische Hochschule Hannover 295,296 The Congressional Record 170 The Daily Worker 165 The Guangming Daily 201 The Listener 63 The Nation 100 The National Review 175 The New York Herald Tribune 80,87,92,100 The New York Times 167,169,176,177 The People’s Daily 200,201,209
The Washington Post 95,195 Washington Post Foundation 183 Thermonuclear weapons (Hydrogen bomb) L43 Thinker’s Lodge 83,84,87 “Third World” (see also Global South) 168, 169,175,186,277 “Developing" countries/world 316 Thirring, Hans 85,100,221,222,223,227, 235-254,290,291,305-306 Thompson, Llewellyn 172,173,186 Time Magazine 48 Tolhoek, Hans A. 290,291,305-306,309, 316,318 Toll, John 185 Topchiev, Aleksandr 18,19,44,71,72,74, 75, 76, 88,112,128-130,132-134,137,140,144, 150,268,328 And Moscow Conference 107-110 As mediator between Central Committee of cpsu and Leo Szilard 145 Correspondence with Rabinowitch, and letter to Continuing Committee, regarding U2 incident 146-147 Death 151 Torberg, Friedrich 231,233 Track π diplomacy 8, u, 23,27-28,113,123, 288 Trade Union of Private Employees (Austria) 246 Transnational advocacy network 33 Traman, Harry 170 Truman Doctrine 47,54
355 INDEX Tübingen Memorandum Tupulev, Andrei N. 147 297 U2 incident, May 1960 19,146,149 UK Atomic Energy Authority 114 UK Foreign Office 52,114,168,173 UNESCO 54,260,274,282 Division of Technical Training 269 Natural Sciences Section 196 Unilateral test ban of ussr, 1958 122,142 Abandonment of, September 1958 143 United Nations 50,51,52,92,225,226,252, 260,273 Admission of China 201 Disarmament talks 26,108 General Assembly 51 United Press International 80,111,195 University College, London, UK 52 University of Ghana 197 University of Kiel 295 University of Vienna 229 US Academy of Arts and Sciences 167,181 US Anti-communist fervor 110-111,113 US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 172 US Atomic Energy Commission 156,158 US Bill of Rights 99 US Civil Rights movement 177,180 US Congress 179 US Department of Defense 172 US Internal Security Subcommittee 170 US National Academy of Sciences 161,178, 179,182,210 US Pugwash Group 157,161,166,179,180,181, 182,183,184,185,186,187 US Senate Internal Security Committee 101 US State Department 80,91,101,164,170, 171,172,173,174,176,177,178,185,186, 187,227 Office of International Scientific and Technological Affairs 174 US Supreme Court 176 Vavilov Institute of Physical Problems 147 Vienna Declaration 13,15,17,87,102,141, 142,159,227,333 Vienna People’s Congress 67 Viennese Prater, research reactor 247 Vietnam-Cambodia conflict 204-205 Vietnam War 164,167,168,169,170,171,173, 177,178,186,199,204,339 Volksstimme 236 Von Laue, Max 243 Von Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich 102,139,243, 248,293,294,295,297 Voss, John 167 Waddington, Conrad H.
74 Wainwright, William 66 Wallace, Henry 54 Wallace, Mike 92-93,99 Walter, Francis E. 99 Wang, T’u Chang 265 Warsaw Pact 160,233,271,280,329,340 Warsaw Treaty Organization 69 Weigel, Hans 231,237,238 Weinberg, Alvin 174 Weisskopf, Victor 121,125,183,206-207,330 Weizmann Institute for Science 182 Welch’s grape juice company 179 West German Pugwash Group (Vereinigung Deutscher Wissenschaftler) 294,295 Rundbrief 295 Western Allied Travel Office, Berlin 300 White House 164,171,174,175,186 Whitney, William C. Foundation 181 Wiener Kurier am Sonntag 231 Wiesner, Jerome 28,112,113,158,161,164, 165,169,174 Moscow conference, i960 110 Wise, James 291 Wolf, K.A. 295 World Academy of Arts and Sciences 276 World Association of Parliamentarians for World Government 64,71,127 World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace 54,334 World Congress of Partisans for Peace 55 World Federation of Scientific Workers 12, 30,43, 45,49, 50, 51,52, 54, 69, 71, 73-77, 94,260, 262, 267, 270, 274, 275, 276-278, 282-283, Յշ8 General Assemblies 49, 75 International Secretariat 264 Proposed “Federation” with pcswa 278 Scientific World (WFSWjoumal) 270
356 INDEX World Federation of Scientific Workers (cont.) Secretariat for Central and Eastern Europe (Prague) 264 Secretariat for the Far East (Beijing) 265 Secretariat for Western Europe and America (Paris and London) 264 Setting up of regional centers (Secretariat) 263 World Festival of Youth and Students 236 World Health Organization (see also Kaplan, Martin) 202 World Peace Assembly 63,66 World Peace Congress Helsinki, 1955 67,68 Paris, 1949 236 World Peace Council 30,43,48,54,55,58, 59,60,61,63,67, 77,234,235,263,267, 282-283, 328- 334 International Peace Prizes 67 Location of headquarters 48 Peace Congress of the Peoples 5g World Peace Foundation 181,183 World Peace Movement 222,282 Xiaoping, Deng 190,200,209,2J3 Young, Wayland 88,168 Yukawa, Hideki 71 Yugoslav Academy of Sciences 311 Zedong, Mao 190,200,201,208 Zentrum fur Kernforschung, East Germany 298 Zhdanov, Andrei 47,54,56 Zhou, Peiyuan 193,1Э4,200,202,203, 205-209,210,212,213,214,329 Daughter: Ruling 206 Zuckerman, Solly 28 Zuqia, Huang 212 Bayerische Į Staatsbibliothek |
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2016 Prag gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 2016 Prag |
| id | DE-604.BV046808265 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:58:11Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:54:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1213829666 |
| isbn | 9789004340152 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032216876 |
| oclc_num | 1176527326 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 |
| physical | XV, 356 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200918 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | History of modern science |
| series2 | History of modern science |
| spelling | European Society for the History of Science 7. 2016 Prag International Conference Verfasser (DE-588)1213829666 aut Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War edited by Alison Kraft, Carola Sachse Leiden ; Boston Brill [2020] XV, 356 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier History of modern science volume 3 Literaturangaben "Both editors wish to thank our contributors for taking part in a panel at the conference of the European Society for the History of Science in Prague in 2016 and for their cooperation in bringing this collected volume together." -- Acknowledgements "From 1957 onwards, the "Pugwash Conferences" brought together elite scientists from across ideological and political divides to work towards disarmament. Through a series of national case studies - Austria, China, Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany, the US and USSR - this volume offers a critical reassessment of the development and work of "Pugwash" nationally, internationally, and as a transnational forum for Track II diplomacy. This major new collection reveals the difficulties that Pugwash scientists encountered as they sought to reach across the blocs, create a channel for East-West dialogue and realize the project's founding aim of influencing state actors. Uniquely, the book affords a sense of the contingent and contested process by which the network-like organization took shape around the conferences. Contributors are Gordon Barrett, Matthew Evangelista, Silke Fengler, Alison Kraft, Fabian Lüscher, Doubravka Olšáková, Geoffrey Roberts, Paul Rubinson, and Carola Sachse." Pugwash-Konferenz (DE-588)4442486-3 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1955-1965 gnd rswk-swf Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd rswk-swf Pugwash Conferences on Science & World Affairs Cold War / History Nuclear disarmament (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2016 Prag gnd-content Pugwash-Konferenz (DE-588)4442486-3 f Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 s Geschichte 1955-1965 z DE-604 Kraft, Alison (DE-588)120465347X edt Sachse, Carola 1951- (DE-588)110046455 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-34017-6 History of modern science volume 3 (DE-604)BV044649488 3 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216876&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216876&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War History of modern science Pugwash-Konferenz (DE-588)4442486-3 gnd Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4442486-3 (DE-588)4075770-5 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War |
| title_auth | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War |
| title_exact_search | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War |
| title_full | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War edited by Alison Kraft, Carola Sachse |
| title_fullStr | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War edited by Alison Kraft, Carola Sachse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War edited by Alison Kraft, Carola Sachse |
| title_short | Science, (anti-)communism and diplomacy |
| title_sort | science anti communism and diplomacy the pugwash conferences on science and world affairs in the early cold war |
| title_sub | the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in the early Cold War |
| topic | Pugwash-Konferenz (DE-588)4442486-3 gnd Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pugwash-Konferenz Ost-West-Konflikt Konferenzschrift 2016 Prag |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216876&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032216876&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV044649488 |
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