Speaking infinities: God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh
"Dov Ber of Mezritsh is a figure shrouded in mystery. Although he is widely regarded as one of the most important and creative Jewish thinkers of the eighteenth century, his theology is exceptionally difficult and complex. Scholars and historians of religion have long attempted to make sense of...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Dov Ber of Mezritsh is a figure shrouded in mystery. Although he is widely regarded as one of the most important and creative Jewish thinkers of the eighteenth century, his theology is exceptionally difficult and complex. Scholars and historians of religion have long attempted to make sense of his laconic homilies and penetrate his obtuse mystical symbolism. They have struggled to piece together his biography and better understand his place in the development of Hasidism. Indeed, interest in Dov Ber extends far beyond the walls of the academy. A wide range of Jewish seekers, thinkers, and philosophers have turned to Dov Ber's sophisticated devotional teachings as holding the seeds for a renewal of contemporary Jewish life. Present-day Hasidic leaders have been captivated by his mysterious teachings, seeing them as a remedy for a religious movement that has lost much of its spiritual momentum. His writings and indeed his outsize religious personality have had an enormous impact on the most important renewal movement of Jewish modernity. This book argues that Dov Ber's reflections on the nature of language and the power of human speech rest at the heart of his allure. Abraham Joshua Heschel, a modern Jewish mystic who drank deeply from the wellsprings of Hasidism, argued that restoring the power and dignity of language was the key to human flourishing after the unspeakable tragedies of the twentieth century. "The renewal of man," claimed Heschel, "involves a renewal of language." The noted philosopher Charles Taylor has suggested that the experience of modernity demands that we "return to, while reexamining, Aristotle's definition of the human being as 'Zwon echon logon'." Reclaiming our identity as "speaking beings," individuals for whom the word is constitutive as well as communicative, is a crucial step in reckoning with the nature of what it can mean to be human"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 345 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780812252187 |
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Contents Preface A Note on Transliteration and Style Introduction ix xiii i PART I. FOUNDATIONS Chapter i. The Life of the Maggid 23 Chapter 2. Sacred Words Chapter 3. From Speech to Silence 71 PART II. THE DIVINE WORD Chapter 4. Letters, Creation, and the Divine Mind Chapter y The Nature of Torah and Revelation 99 129 PART III. THE DEVOTIONAL LIFE Chapter 6. Study and the Sacred Text 161 Chapter 7. The Languages of Prayer 199
viii Contents Epilogue. Moving Mountains 227 Appendix. The Sources: A Bibliographic Excursus 235 Notes 2-55 Bibliography 303 Index 335 Acknowledgments 343
Bibliography MANUSCRIPTS CONSULTED Bar lian 1030-Moussaief 114, MousaiefF Manuscripts Collection, Wurzweiler Centra! Li brary, Bar-Ilan University. http://moussaierf.biu.ac.il/he/?item=%zFMoussaieff_i03o. Chabad MS 187, Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad, Brooklyn, New York. Chabad MS 1821, Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad, Brooklyn, New York. Chabad MS 2220, Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad, Brooklyn, New York. JER NLI MS HEB 8^198, The National Library of Israel, Department of Manuscripts and Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem, https://web.nli.org.il/sites /NLI/Hebrew/digitallibrary/pages/viewer.aspx?presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS docid =PNX_MANUSCRIPTS 000046029-2. JER NLI MS HEB 8°5зо7, The National Library of Israel, Department of Manuscripts and Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem, https://web.nli.org.il/sites /NLI/Hebrew/digitallibrary/pages/viewer.aspx?presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS docid =PNX_MANUSCRIPTSoooo429i7-i. JER NLI MS HEB 8°5979, The National Library of Israel, Department of Manuscripts and Institute of MicrofUmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem, https://web.nli.org.il/sites /NLI/Hebrew/digitallibrary/pages/viewer.aspx?presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS docid =PNX_MANUSCRIPTSoo2Ş70o82-i#|FL444330i4· JER NLI MS HEB 8°і4б7, The National Library of Israel, Department of Manuscripts and Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem. JER NLI MS HEB 8°ļz8z, The National Library of Israel, Department of Manuscripts and Institute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem. JER SCHOC 17379, The Schocken Institute for Jewish Research,
Jerusalem, Israel. Montreal-Elberg 177, The National Library of Israel, Department of Manuscripts and Insti tute of Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts, Jerusalem. MOS RSL 182:353, The Russian State Library in Moscow, https://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer /01006581355. Scholem MS RS 28, The National Library of Israel, Scholem Collection, Jerusalem. PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE MAGGID Dibberot ha-Maggid. Jerusalem: Mechón Genuzim, 2018. Keter Shem Tov. Zolkiev, 1794. Expanded reprint: Keter Shem Tov ha-Shalem. Brooklyn: Kehot Publication Society, 2004. All citations refer to this version.
304 Bibliography Kitvel Kodesh. Lemberg, 1862. Likkutim Yekarim. Lemberg, 1792. Expanded reprint: Likkutim Yekarim. Ed. Avraham Yitshak Kahn. Jerusalem: Yeshivat Toledot Aharon, 1973. All citations refer to this version. Maggid Devarav le-Yaakov. Korets, 1781. Reprinted as a critical edition: Maggid Devarav leYa'akov. Ed. Rivka Schatz-Uffenheimer. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1976. All citations refer to this version. Or Һа-Emet. Husyatin, 1899. Or Torah. Korets, 1804. Expanded reprint: Or Torah ha-Shalem. Brooklyn: Kehot Publication Society, 2011. Sefer Likkutei Amarim. Lemberg: Bukhdr St. Kübler, 1911. Expanded reprint: Sefer Likkutei Amarim. Jerusalem: Shuvi Nafshi, 2009. Shemuah Tovah. Warsaw: M. Lifshits, 1938. Torat ha-Maggid. Ed. Yisra’el Klapholtz. Tel Aviv, 1969. Tsava’at ha-RiBaSH. Zolkiev, 1793. Expanded reprint: Tsava’at ha-RiBaSH. Brooklyn: Kehot Publication Society, 1998. EDITIONS OF CLASSICAL, HASIDIC, AND KABBALISTIC BOOKS AND COLLECTIONS OF HASIDIC TALES Abrams, Daniel, ed. The Book Bahir: An Edition Based on the Earliest Manuscripts. 2 vols. Los Angeles: Cherub Press, 1994. Aharon of Zhitomir. Toledot Aharon. Lemberg, 1864. Albeck, Hanokh, and Julius Theodor, eds. Bereshit Rabbah. 3 vols. Jerusalem: Shalem, 1965. Avraham ben Dov Ber. Bat 'Ayin. Ashdod: Merkaz Prager, 1999. Avraham of Trisk. Magen Avraham. Lublin, 1887. Avraham Hayyim of Zlotshev. Orah le-Hayyim. 2 vols. Montreal: Refa’el Hertsog, 2009. --------- . Peri Hayyim. Jerusalem: Keren Zikhron Yesha’yahu, 1987. Azulai, Abraham. Hesed le-Avraham. Jerusalem: Yosef ben Yitshak ha-Kohen, 2012. Bachrach,
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Index Abulafia, Avraham, 47-48, 103, 275ո24, 280nl5 Abraham, 58, 103, 128, 144-146 Abrams, Daniel, 250, 289nl04, 301n79 Aharon ha-Kohen of Apt, 240-241 Aharon of Karlin, 42 Aharon of Zhitomir, 266n40 aleph, 61, 76, 104-107, 111, 209-210, 270nl4, 284nl05. See also letters alphabet. See letters angels, 29, 31, 59, 76, 83, 201, 223 asceticism, 27-28, 31, 36, 41-42, 64-65, 82, 162, 148, 263n98 ‘avodah be-gashmiyut. See worship through corporeality Avraham of Kalisit, 37, 40-42, 298nl3 Avraham ha-Malakh (son of Dov Ber), 41-42, 224, 263nn98,103 awe. See fear ayin՛, creation and, 116-117, 227; Israel and, 168-169; language and, 54, 168-169, 191, 201, 204-205; self-effacement, divestment of corporeality and, 10-11, 15, 42, 54-56, 149, 200-204, 201,212, 293n44; yesh and, 2, 4-5, 42, 55, 227-228, 272n65. See also devekuf, hokhmah՛, keter ba'alei shem, 23-30, 49, 169 Baal Shem Tov (BeSHT): Dov Ber and, 3, 24-25, 28-33, 48, 52, 78-80, 86, 111, 219, 231, 238-240, 257n25, 261n49, 266n40, 268nl08; language and, 3-5, 25, 48-52, 76, 111, 213; life and teachings of, 3, 24, 35, 83, 244, 201n58, 261n49; prayer and, 48-49, 203-204, 207, 220, 293n48; study and, 28-31, 163-164, 169 Bachrach, Naftali, 105, 133, 275n36 Bahir (book), 47, 104, 131 Bahye ben Asher, 131-132, 270n8, 271n35, 273nl06, 281n38 Bahye ibn Pakuda, 294n69 Balogh, Josef, 247 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 16 Benjamin, Walter, 9-14, 20, 257n45, 258n61, 276n58 Berlin, 35, 245-246 bet, 105, 120-124, 174, 278nn96,109. See also binah՛, hokhmah-, letters; yod binah: cognition and, 71, 78-83, 91, 100, 109, 177-179, 188, 266n43; creation and,
113, 120-124, 127; divine mother, 78, 271nn40,51; prayer and, 220; revelation and, 134, 151, 172; uniting shekhinah/ malkhut with, 78, 86, 112, 168; silence and, 85. See also hokhmah·, mahashavah՛, sefirot ; World of Thought breath, 54-56, 101, 112, 166-167,205-207, 213, 277n69 Breuer, Edward, 70 Brody (place), 16, 39. See also mithnaggedim Brody, Seth, 11 Buber, Martin, 4, 7—10, 53, 297n3, ЗОІпбЗ Buddhism, 14, 193-194, 244, 290nl54 Cassirer, Ernst, 16 Christianity and Christian mystics: Bonaventure, 274nl26; early literature, 245; Franciscan order, 14; logos, 45-46, 274nl4, 279nn4,5; Meister Eckhart, 15, 56; Paul and early, 25; recogimiento movement, 14; Quietism, 10-11, 14, 93. See also language; mysticism clairvoyance. See vision cognition. See mahashavah commandments. See mitsvot comparative linguistics, 16
336 conduct literature, 18-19, 74-75, 237-240. See also Hasidism and; oral/written culture consonants, 72-73, 103, 270n8. See also letters; vowels Corbin, Henri, 9 Cordovero, Moshe, 48, 105, 202, 265nl5, 269n4 creativity. See study da at, 61, 148—150, 153,228—229. See also sefirot Dan, Joseph, 8 Darkhei Tsedek, 75, 240 delight. See pleasure devekut: definitions of, 10-11, 146, 200, 292nl9; BeSHT and Dov Ber on, 47, 50-52, 68; contemplation and, 74, 80, 294n69; mitsvot vs. ordinary deeds and, 134, 143-148, 146; prayer and, 200-210, 216, 225; study and, 161, 164-171. See also introversion and ecstasy Dibberot ha-Maggid, 242 dibbur: divine, 67, 74, 112, 125, 135, 168, 200, 209-210; redemption of, 80, 152-155; speech and, 51, 73, 77-80, 107-108, 119, 123-124, 271n32. See also shekhinahļ World of Speech disciples, of Dov Ber: Mezritsh circle, 19, 32-44, 86, 153-154, 226, 227-233, 261n56, 264nll9; pedagogy and, 25, 34-35, 63, 86-87, 184-198; written teachings of, 18,25-26, 36-37, 74, 236, 241-245, 272n92,283nl03, 300n54, 301n56. See also Mezritsh drinking. See worship through corporeality Durkheim, Emile, 3 Dynner, Glenn, 259nl2, 299nl9 eating. See worship through corporeality ecstasy. See introversion and ecstasy Egypt. See exile and redemption Eliade, Mircea, 9 Eliyahu ben Shlomo, 17. See also mithnaggedim emanation: creation and, 67, 99, 114-115, 118, 121-123, 278nl05; divine language and, 104-105, 107-109, 114-121; world of, 75, 87, 125; Torah and, 103, 126-128, 132 ‘Emek ha-Melekh. See Bachrach, Naftali Index engraving, 104, 114-116, 127 Epstein, Kalonymous Kalman, 246-247
Eranos conference, 8-9 exile and redemption, 28, 61, 73, 83, 101, 146-147, 152-155, 168,202, 206, 214-215, 227-233,282n63,295n97 external and inner speech, 70, 79, 85-86. See also letters; spoken and written language; World of Thought Falk, Yaakov Yehoshua, 259nl3 father and child. See parables fear: prayer and, 138, 154, 164, 167, 168, 170, 172, 180-182, 196, 205; sin and, 28; study with, 204-205, 222-223; thought and speech with, 91-92, 116. See also love; pleasure Fishbane, Eitan, 104 five places of articulation: creation, 91, 106, 111; speech and, 73, 79, 106, 114, 119, 122-124, 128,271n44; Torah and, 137. See also binah; God, names of; malkhuf, spoken and written language Foucault, Michel, 301n9 Ga’on of Vilna. See Eliyahu ben Shlomo God, names of: alufo shel ‘olam, 56; Ein Sof, 55-56, 74, 82, 91, 100, 117, 125-126, 205, 272ո65; liturgy as, 217; Maker, power of the, 64-66, 111, 115, 119, 125, 137, 140, 190; Prime Mover, 6; sefirot and, 103-104, 120; Scholem on, 9; Torah and, 131-132, 137-138, 169-172, 274n9,281n56; twelve, forty-two, and seventy-two letter, 102-105; Y-H-V-H, 9,46, 54-56, 62, 68, 73, 77-78, 90, 104, 111-112, 118-128, 137, 141, 149-151, 213, 217; yihudim and, 47, 105, 260n26. See also origins of language gadlut. See katnut and gadlut Garb, Jonathan, 258nn71,82 Garden of Eden, 137, 170-172 German Pietists. See Rhineland Pietists Gershon Kitover (brother-in-law of BeSHT), 48-51 Gikatilla, Yosef, 103, 275n24, 280nl5 Gittel (daughter-in-law of Dov Ber), 41-42, 263nnl01,102 Graetz, Heinrich, 259nl3 Graham, William, 32, 245
Index Green, Arthur, 38, 153, 231, 248, 29Ы65 Gries, Zeev, 237-239, 248, 251, 262ո73 hagiography, Hasidism and, 25-32, 41, 237. See also Islam; Kherson Geniza halakhah, 65-66, 86, 133, 144, 163-164, 177, 180-184. See also mitsvot Halakhah Pesukah (book), 299nl8 Hamann, Johann Georg, 12-14, 20, 192-193, 258n61. See also Christianity Hanipoli, 33, 41 Hasidism, emergence of movement, 23-25, 34-44, 227-233 Haskalah, 16-17 Hebrew: creation and, 75-76, 99-105, 120; Hasidic thinking on, 2-4, 48-53, 59-64, 72, 105-107; Holy Tongue, 8, 46-48; modern, 20; other languages and uniqueness of, 17-18, 57-59, 69-70, 75-76, 100, 236-249, 269n3. See also God, names of; letters, ordinary speech; Yiddish Hebrew Bible. See Torah heikhalot. See merkavah and heikhalot mysticism Heller, Meshullam Feibush, 166, 240 hesed, 104, 124, 150, 278nl05, 283nl02. See also love Hesed le-Avraham (Azulai), 289nl04 Hesed le-Avraham (Kalisk), 263nl03, 288n80 hiddushim. See study histaklut, 87—88, 213, 272n80. See also vision Holy Spirit, 83, 162,282n76 Hokhmah: human and divine, 12, 54-55, 91, 116, 175-176, 197; creation and, 100-107, 109-115, 121-122; physical world and, 14, 72, 88, 100-103; preverbal thought, 62, 71, 73, 80-83, 88-90, 118-122, 124, 177-179, 186, 212; Torah and, 132-134, 140, 148-149, 161, 172, 179, 186. See also kadmut ha-sekhel·, sefirof, tsimtsum homilies, Hasidic, 34-38, 184-198, 235-253. See also oral/written culture; Hasidism and Horowitz, Isaiah, 163, 273nl06, 280n22 Horowitz, Pinhas, 44, 165, 263n91 Horowitz, Shmuel Shmelke, 44, 165, 241 humility, 149, 165, 167, 200, 211. See also ayin
337 husks, 2, 60, 64, 80, 163, 202, 220-221, 229, 231, 282n63 hyle, 108, 123-124, 174, 278nl06. See also hokhmah՝, yod Idei, Moshe, 11, 210 Inge, William Ralph, 7 introversion and ecstasy, 3, 7, 11, 19, 24, 38, 85-86, 186-187, 201, 206-210, 217, 226. See also kadmut ha-sekhel·, World of Thought Islam: hagiography and Hadith, 26, 245, 261ո53; Ibn Arabi, 55-56; theories of language and, 2, 10, 14, 46, 59; Qur’an, 14, 59, 245, 279n5 isolation, solitude and community, 12, 19, 74, 86-87, 170, 176, 186, 195-197, 225-227, 230-231, 237, 235, 266n50 Israel (Jewish people), 4, 57-58, 65, 111-118, 127-128, 277nn70,79 Israel, land of, 42, 48, 83 James, William, 7 Jerusalem (book), 246 Jerusalem (place), 202, 218, 265nl5. See also Israel, land of; Temple Jewish law. See halakhah John of the Cross, 56 Johns, Adrian, 250 Johnson, Mark, 192 joy, 3, 24, 33-34, 49, 56, 177-183, 203, 220, 228. See also pleasure Jubilees, book of, 58 Judah Halevi, 46, 59, 270n8 kadmut ha-sekhel, 81-85, 100, 123, 173-176. See also hokhmah-, keter·, mahashavah Kahn, Avraham Yitshak (editor), 239-240 Kant, Immanuel, 16 katnut and gadlut, 136, 171, 228-229 kavod, 89, 131, 136, 167-170, 228 kavvanah and kavvanot, 47, 105, 201-203, 215-219, 229, 270n28, 292n28, 295, 100. See also God, names of; sefirof, yihudim kelippot. See husks keter: ayin and, 140, 272n65; creation and, 99, 104, 106-109, 114-122; thought and, 83, 89, 100, 104, 188. See also hokhmah·, ratson; yod Keter Shem Tov (book), 30-32, 165, 240-241
ЗЗВ Index Kherson Geniza, 260n25 Kirkwood, William, 191 Kitvei Kodah, 2-41-242 Klapholtz, Yisra’el, 242-243, 300n50 kloyz, 27 koan. See Buddhism kol, 77-80, 91-92, 112, 123, 155-156, 172, 177, 213-215, 271n32, 277n69. See also tif’eref, dibhur Korets (place), 27, 35-36, 44 kots, 118, 287n64. See also keter, yod kiss, 51, 154-157 Lakoff, George, 192 languages of animals and trees, 28-29, 261n63 leadership, 3, 33-34, 42-44, 85-86, 152-154, 195-197, 231, 259nl2, 261nn49,50 lesbon ha-kodesh. See Hebrew letters: angelic, 29-30; cleaving to, 47, 169, 200, 203; combinations, 47, 49, 62, 79, 122, 183, 220, 224, 282n63; creation and, 57, 72, 99-116, 125-128; et as totality of, 61, 105-106, 111; Hebrew letters, 48, 51, 58-59, 64, 70, 74-79, 111, 122,269-270n6, 265n6; letters of speech, 89-93, 203-204, 171; letters of thought, 69, 79-88, 100, 134, 151; Torah and, 1, 69, 130-143, 151-157, 166-169, 172; pedagogy and, 184-197; raising up sparks and, 19, 25, 28, 48-50, 53-54, 61-68, 101, 227-231, 282n63; source of all language, 51, 60, 69-70, 72-74, 180; spoken and written, 3, 72, 74-77, 89-93, 270n28; worship and, 2, 50-51, 164, 200-209, 211-213, 219-222. See also consonants; Hebrew; vowels Levi Yitshak of Barditshev, 44, 76, 92, 155, 157, 165, 214, 241-242, 264nll8, 281n39, 295n88 Sefer Likkutei Amarim, 241-242, 300n43 Likkutim Yekarim, 240 liturgy. See prayer Lokatsh (place), 26-27 Lorberbaum, Menachem, 272n65 love: creation and, 113, 116-117; others and, 155-156, 187-188, 225-226, 285nl37; parent and child, 6, 66, 91, 101, 177-178, 210, 215; raising up to God, 80, 91-92, 117, 138,
145, 209, 219-220; revelation and, 136, 144—145, 154—157; tsimtsum and, 100-101, 110, 116-117, 144, 187, 210, 282n79; worship with, 164, 168, 170, 196, 223. See also fear; besed·, tsimtsum Luria, Yitshak and Lurianic Kabbalah: charismatic leader, 29, 202, 294n69; creation myth of, 100-101, 135; Hasidic relationship to, 30, 37,47-48, 61, 76, 191, 215-219, 290nl45, 295nnl00,102, 299n30; meaning of Torah in, 132-133, 166; prayer and liturgy in, 202, 215-219; raising sparks, 53, 61, 67, 202. See also Moshe Cordovero; Safed Kabbalah; shattering of the vessels; tsimtsum Ma'ayan ha-Hokhmah (book), 29-30, 277-288n90 Maggid Devarav le-Ya‘akov, 18, 28-29, 116, 224, 238-241, 299nl9 maggid meisharim (community preacher), 27 magic, 23, 27, 29-30, 49, 88, 138, 163, 168-169, 211, 286n46 mahashavah: contemplation/cognition and, 52, 71, 78-81, 90; creation and, 104-106, 113-125, 118-119, 127; language and, 69, 79; pedagogy and, 175-177; prayer and, 201, 220; Torah and, 135-136; unification with dibhur, 78—79, 112. See also binah՝, dibbur\ letters; World of Thought mahshavot zarot. See prayer Maimon, Solomon, 17, 34-36, 194, 197-198, 224 Maimonides, Moses, 5, 59, 146, 267n79, 268n96, 280n33,283n84, 302n88 malkhut: creation, 100, 112-113, 119, 124-125; prayer and, 209-210; revelation and, 132, 148, 156; speech and, 54, 74, 80, 85-86, 168. See also dibbur; shekhinah; World of Speech manuscripts, 18, 37, 39, 235, 238-242, 249-253, 295nl02, 298n6, 301nn79,80 Margolin, Ron, 11, 210 master and disciple. See disciples, of Dov Ber; pedagogy and preaching Meister Eckhart. See Christianity and
Christian mystics melammed, 26-27 melody. See song memory palace, 296nl29. See also mahashavah·, palace Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk, 42, 44, 241
Index Мепаһет Nahum of Chernobil, 65-66, 149-151, 268nll6, 283nl03, 286n30, 300n45 Mendelssohn, Moses, 16-17, 69-70, 246 Menorah, 108-109, 226 merkavah and heikhalot mysticism, 29, 103, 131, 162,220, 29ІПІ2 meshalim. See parables Meshullam Zusya Weislbum, 41, 262n82, 263n85 messianism, 27, 48-49, 58, 142, 228, 297n3. See also exile and redemption Mezhbizh (place), 24 Mezritsh: Maggid’s court in, 6, 25, 34-36, 43, 231-232; official beit-midrash in, 27; town of, 16-17, 27 middot, 63, 82, 89, 92, 149, 297n6 miracles, 23, 27-30, 36, 41, 79-80, 88, 153, 168-169, 182 mithnaggedim, 34, 39-41, 43, 153-154, 164, 216, 237, 240, 265n83, 295nl02 mitsvof. devekut through, 28, 134, 140-148, 157, 171, 181, 221, 273nl06, 181; patriarchs and, 142, 144-147; worship through corporeality and, 65-67 mohin, 121, 189, 191, 287n68 Molinos, Miguel de, 5 Moses, 1, 108, 148-157, 179 Moshe Hayim Efrayim of Sudilkov, 49 mundane speech. See ordinary speech mysticism, language and study of, 1-3, 7-14 narratives. See story-telling Nahmanides, Moses, 56, 59, 131, 267n69, 273nl06, 280n33 Neoplatonism 2, 45-46 oral/written culture, Hasidism and, 3, 18, 25, 32, 48-52, 200-201,235-253, 298n2, ЗОІпбЗ. See also manuscripts ordinary speech, 2-4, 51-52, 60-64, 80, 90, 100-101, 217, 223, 268nl01. See also prayer; study; Yiddish Or ha-Emet, 241-242 origins of language, 56-59, 105-116 Or Torah, 239 Otto, Rudolf, 7 palace, 48, 120, 124, 206, 214-215, 220-221, 269n4, 296nl23. See also memory palace; merkavah and heikhalot mysticism 339 parables: master and disciple, 187-192; parent and child, 66-67, 91, 110, 116-117,
136-138, 177-180, 188-192, 213-215; rhetorical function of, 2, 6, 35, 188-194. See also pedagogy and preaching pedagogy and preaching, 25, 34-38, 88, 184-198, 290nnl54,156 Pedaya, Haviva, 11, 74 perek shirah. See song Perloff, Marjorie, 93-94 Philo, 274nl4, 279n4 philosophy of language (Western), 15-17, 52-53, 70, 78-79, 93-95, 266n45. See also Wittgenstein, Ludwig physical world, 2, 11-12, 28, 42, 53, 64-69, 82, 88, 100, 108-109, 268nll6 Piekarz, Mendel, 11, 289nl28, 300n50 pietism. See asceticism; Rhineland Pietists Pinhas of Korets, 49n261 pleasure: human and divine, 49, 54-56, 68, 91, 113-116, 168, 178-183, 212, 230, 286n43; this-worldly, 11, 53, 65-68, 82, 219, 225, 293n44 poetry, 13, 46, 193, 219. See also prayer Polanyi, Michael, 247 prayer: BeSHT and, 3, 24, 30, 33, 49-51; community and, 225-225; confession, 221-222; conflict with mithnaggedim and, 39-41; divine will and, 29, 211-213; liturgy and kavvanot in, 199, 201-202, 215-219, 229; orality and contemplation in, 2, 11-12, 55, 84, 89, 112-113, 203-205, 208, 213-215, 292n23; ordinary speech and, 74, 222-224; petitionary prayer, 205-207; shekhinah and, 54-55, 203-209; tsaddikim and, 94, 203, 210-212; uplifting strange thoughts during 219-222. See also devekut; dibbur, World of Speech preaching. See pedagogy and preaching prophet and prophecy, 38, 47, 81-85, 148-149, 272n80, 294n87 Qumran, 58 rabbinic literature: creation and, 64, 101-104, 113; Dov Ber and, 26-27, 30, 36-37, 47, 165, 180-184, 232, 238, 244, 262n73; language and, 45-46, 58; meaning of Torah and revelation in, 47, 88, 129-131, 148, 152, 162, 184;
prayer in, 200-202, 205
340 Rapoport-Albert, Ada, 43, 259n4 ratson, 106-107, 116, 140, 179-182, 276n47, 288nnl00,101 rav, 27, 38 Raziei ha-Malakh (book), 29 reading, hermeneutics and exegesis, 16, 30-32, 34-36, 46,130-131, 139-141, 161-198, 237, 245-246, 252-253 Reddy, Michael J., 72 redemption. See exile and redemption Reshit Hokhmah (book), 170, 264nl3 revelation: creation and, 109-110, 117-118, 126, 134-136; experience of, 136, 145, 154-157; Hasidic sermon as, 157, 185-187, 197; Moses and, 148-154; speech and, 1-2, 8-9, 12, 50-53, 72; study and, 31, 139, 166, 174, 177-179; Torah and, 133-137, 144-154 Rhineland Pietists, 29, 131, 201 Rosenzweig, Franz, 20 Rosman, Moshe, 244 Rovno, 26, 33, 39,41, 259nl6, 261n55 ru’ah ha-kodesh. See Holy Spirit sacred and profane. See ordinary speech Safed Kabbalah, 27,47-48, 105, 131-132, 163, 179, 202-203, 216-218, 238. See also Luria, Yitshak and Lurianic Kabbalah; Moshe Cordovero Sarug, Yisra’el, 48, 105 Schatz-Uffenheimer, Rivka, 10-14, 20, 81, 93, 207-208, 231, 237-242, 264nll9 Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 16 Scholem, Gershom, 8-14, 20, 46, 81, 258n61 Scripture. See Torah secularization of language, 16-17, 20 sefirot: creation and, 58, 100-103, 108-110, 124, 278nl05; inner life and, 72-74, 82-83, 89-91, 117, 123, 141, 179, 219, 277n87; parts of the Godhead, 47, 58, 72, 89, 272n65; prayer and, 200-202, 213, 216-217; symbolic language and, 47, 58; Torah and, 131-132, 137, 163, 166-168, 182, 188-200, 276n37; unifying the, 47, 52, 78-80, 93, 148, 209-211, 260n26. See also emanation; kavvanah and kavvanot; yihudim Index Seidman, Naomi, 248-249 Seligman, Adam, 3
Sells, Michael, 6,257n26 sermons, Hasidic. See Hasidic; homilies seventy languages, 58-59,267n81 Shabbat, 34-37, 89, 166, 185, 273nl05, 296nl27 Shabbatai Tsevi, 27, 132, 148, 256nl2 Shalom Shakhna of Prohobist, 42 Shar’abi, Shalom, 202 shattering of the vessels, 80,101, 179,220, 228 shekhinah: redemption of, 28, 73; speech and, 54, 74, 77-78, 91, 104, 117, 167-168; study or prayer for sake of, 163, 167-168, 200-211, 229; uniting with binah or tif’eret, 77-78. See also dibbur, exile and redemption; malkhut shevirat һа-kelim. See shattering of the vessels Shivhei ha-BeSHT, 30-32, 42, 165, 260n45 Shklov (place), 39. See also mithnaggedim Shlomo of Lutsk: editor of Dov Bers works, 28-29, 67, 238-241, 250-253, 260nl8, 263nll6; member of Mezritsh circle, 44, 225-226 Shneur Zalman of Liady, 36-37,40-41,44, 165,252, 29ІПІ69, 295n96, 264nll8 shoresh, 59-60. See also letters silence, 1-2, 10-12, 81, 85-95, 108-109, 115, 130, 176, 186-187, 198, 207-208, 227 sin, 28 65, 164, 221-222. See also fear Sinai. See revelation Slavic languages, 17, 70,269nl32 song, 34, 73, 84-85, 89, 154, 211, 224-225, 290nl56 Sorkin, David, 70 soul: ascent of, 48, 169; connection between, 51, 156; divestment from body, 75; language and, 31, 48-49, 54, 56, 196; prayer and, 206-208; sparks and, 61, 67, 202 sparks, 28, 53-54, 61-67, 80, 101, 143, 163, 202, 216, 282nn63,70, 295n97 speaking Torah. See revelation; pedagogy spoken and written language, 3, 31-32, 72, 74-76, 79, 127, 138, 200, 204,237-253, 298. See also Hasidism and; oralAvritten culture
Index storytelling: biblical narratives, 103, 129-130, 133-134, 137-143; Hasidic stories, 25-32, 63, 268nl01, 290nl59; parables and, 191-194 strange thoughts. See prayer study: devotion and, 30-31, 38, 138-139, 150, 165-173, 193, 286n43; Hasidic ambivalence toward, 39-40, 199-203; hiddushlm/creativity and, 173-184, 289nl04; humility and, 166-168, 232; lishmah, 162-168; orality and, 30-31, 49-51, 138-141, 245; ordinary language and, 51, 60-61, 169-171; Talmud, 37, 162-165; Sinai and 2, 132, 134, 150, 165, 173-174. See also devekut; kadmut ha-sekhel·, pedagogy; Torah ta'am, 71-73, 94-85,270n9 Tabernacle, 102, 108-109, 265nl5 teacher. See pedagogy and preaching Temple, 58, 63, 84, 164, 218, 265nl5 thought. See mahashavah thought, speech, deed, 157, 223 Throne of Glory, 201, 219-220 tiferei, 77, 80, 89, 112, 123, 132, 148, 156, 275n30. See also kol՛, sefirot tikkun, 228 Tikkunei Zohar, 104, 163, 206, 295nl03 Torah: creation and, 1, 66, 103, 112, 125-128, 134-136, 147; garments of, 1, 66, 126, 133-134, 137-151, 167, 171; letters and scroll, 131-132, 135, 143; primordial, 14, 57, 126-127, 129-136, 143-156, 179, 182-183, 280n28; written and oral, 132, 152, 261n56. See also revelation; study Torat ha-Maggid, 242-243 Torchin (place), 26, 261n55, 299nl8 translation, 13, 107-109, 117, 235-237, 248-252 tsaddik: community and, 12, 19, 38, 74, 94, 197, 231; contemplation and deeds of, 117, 147, 178-180; humility and self-effacement, 56, 149; leader and teacher, 19, 38, 83, 157, 186-187, 237, 253, 266n50; mithnaggedim and, 40; prayer and, 203-205, 209-212; speech of, 51, 83, 54-57, 62-64,
66, 157; study and, 150, 178-187; worship through corpore ality, 65-67 Tsava’at harRiVaSH, 240 34і tsimtsum: creation, 4-5, 76, 92-93, 100-101, 110, 113-117, 125-128; revelation, 92-93, 126, 136-139, 144-146, 187; mitsvot and 146-148; teaching and, 187-189; thought, 110, 117-118, 121, 176, 271n32. See also mahashavah. Turniansky, Chava, 249 Underhill, Evelyn, 7 Vilna (place), 16-17, 39. See also mith naggedim Vital, Hayyim, 48 vision, 23, 27-28, 36, 42, 74-76, 131, 169-172 vowels, 73, 131-132, 218, 270nn8,12 Weiss, Joseph, 10, 207, 272n65 will. See ratson Wineman, Aryeh, 188 wisdom. See hokhmah Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 93-94 Wolfson, Elliot R., 15, 68 Wolper Rebbe, 23 World of Speech, 54-56, 74, 78-79, 86-91, 185, 200, 205-217, 275n35. See also dihbur; malkhut; shekhinah World of Thought, 54-56, 78-91, 148-152, 168, 200, 207, 211, 272n92. See also binah, mahashavah World to Come, 118, 146 worship through corporeality, 28, 53, 64-69, 287n54, 268nnl08,116, 287n54. See also devekut·, mitsvot Ya'akov Yosef of Polnoye, 33, 50, 52, 165, 236-239, 261n50, 301n58 yehidut, 34, 261nó0 Yehiel Mikhel of Zlotshev, 166, 261n49, 299n29, 300n5 yeshivah, 37 Sefer Yetsirah: Hebrew and, 47, 58-59, 91; creation and, 102, 105. See also letters Yiddish, 17-8, 69-70, 75, 236, 248-249, 260n45, 269nl32, 298n2 yihudim, 29, 47-52, 105, 148, 201, 208, 260n26. See also kavvanah and kavvanof, sefirot Yisra’el ben Eliezer. See Ba‘al Shem Tov
342. Index Yisra’el of Kozhenits, 86-87, 186, 241 Yisra’el of Ruzhin, 32, 42, 197 yod: contemplation and, 62, 76, 118, 121-124, 174; creation and, 118-125; divine name and, 99-100, 102, 120, 151, 277n69; source of language, 114, 118, 120, 222, 277n90; tip of, 118, 140, 278n91. See also God, names of; hokhmah·, keter Ze’ev Wolf of Zhitomir, 85, 134, 185, 195-197, 215, 272n92 Zobar: creation in, 104, 112, 118; language and, 72, 87, 120; meaning of Torah in, 131-133, 137, 140, 163, 213, 275n30, 281n56; symbolic language of, 47; prayer in, 202, 206, 220-222 Zusya of Hanipoli. See Meshullam Zusya Weisblum |
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface A Note on Transliteration and Style Introduction ix xiii i PART I. FOUNDATIONS Chapter i. The Life of the Maggid 23 Chapter 2. Sacred Words Chapter 3. From Speech to Silence 71 PART II. THE DIVINE WORD Chapter 4. Letters, Creation, and the Divine Mind Chapter y The Nature of Torah and Revelation 99 129 PART III. THE DEVOTIONAL LIFE Chapter 6. Study and the Sacred Text 161 Chapter 7. The Languages of Prayer 199
viii Contents Epilogue. Moving Mountains 227 Appendix. The Sources: A Bibliographic Excursus 235 Notes 2-55 Bibliography 303 Index 335 Acknowledgments 343
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Index Abulafia, Avraham, 47-48, 103, 275ո24, 280nl5 Abraham, 58, 103, 128, 144-146 Abrams, Daniel, 250, 289nl04, 301n79 Aharon ha-Kohen of Apt, 240-241 Aharon of Karlin, 42 Aharon of Zhitomir, 266n40 aleph, 61, 76, 104-107, 111, 209-210, 270nl4, 284nl05. See also letters alphabet. See letters angels, 29, 31, 59, 76, 83, 201, 223 asceticism, 27-28, 31, 36, 41-42, 64-65, 82, 162, 148, 263n98 ‘avodah be-gashmiyut. See worship through corporeality Avraham of Kalisit, 37, 40-42, 298nl3 Avraham ha-Malakh (son of Dov Ber), 41-42, 224, 263nn98,103 awe. See fear ayin՛, creation and, 116-117, 227; Israel and, 168-169; language and, 54, 168-169, 191, 201, 204-205; self-effacement, divestment of corporeality and, 10-11, 15, 42, 54-56, 149, 200-204, 201,212, 293n44; yesh and, 2, 4-5, 42, 55, 227-228, 272n65. See also devekuf, hokhmah՛, keter ba'alei shem, 23-30, 49, 169 Baal Shem Tov (BeSHT): Dov Ber and, 3, 24-25, 28-33, 48, 52, 78-80, 86, 111, 219, 231, 238-240, 257n25, 261n49, 266n40, 268nl08; language and, 3-5, 25, 48-52, 76, 111, 213; life and teachings of, 3, 24, 35, 83, 244, 201n58, 261n49; prayer and, 48-49, 203-204, 207, 220, 293n48; study and, 28-31, 163-164, 169 Bachrach, Naftali, 105, 133, 275n36 Bahir (book), 47, 104, 131 Bahye ben Asher, 131-132, 270n8, 271n35, 273nl06, 281n38 Bahye ibn Pakuda, 294n69 Balogh, Josef, 247 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 16 Benjamin, Walter, 9-14, 20, 257n45, 258n61, 276n58 Berlin, 35, 245-246 bet, 105, 120-124, 174, 278nn96,109. See also binah՛, hokhmah-, letters; yod binah: cognition and, 71, 78-83, 91, 100, 109, 177-179, 188, 266n43; creation and,
113, 120-124, 127; divine mother, 78, 271nn40,51; prayer and, 220; revelation and, 134, 151, 172; uniting shekhinah/ malkhut with, 78, 86, 112, 168; silence and, 85. See also hokhmah·, mahashavah՛, sefirot ; World of Thought breath, 54-56, 101, 112, 166-167,205-207, 213, 277n69 Breuer, Edward, 70 Brody (place), 16, 39. See also mithnaggedim Brody, Seth, 11 Buber, Martin, 4, 7—10, 53, 297n3, ЗОІпбЗ Buddhism, 14, 193-194, 244, 290nl54 Cassirer, Ernst, 16 Christianity and Christian mystics: Bonaventure, 274nl26; early literature, 245; Franciscan order, 14; logos, 45-46, 274nl4, 279nn4,5; Meister Eckhart, 15, 56; Paul and early, 25; recogimiento movement, 14; Quietism, 10-11, 14, 93. See also language; mysticism clairvoyance. See vision cognition. See mahashavah commandments. See mitsvot comparative linguistics, 16
336 conduct literature, 18-19, 74-75, 237-240. See also Hasidism and; oral/written culture consonants, 72-73, 103, 270n8. See also letters; vowels Corbin, Henri, 9 Cordovero, Moshe, 48, 105, 202, 265nl5, 269n4 creativity. See study da at, 61, 148—150, 153,228—229. See also sefirot Dan, Joseph, 8 Darkhei Tsedek, 75, 240 delight. See pleasure devekut: definitions of, 10-11, 146, 200, 292nl9; BeSHT and Dov Ber on, 47, 50-52, 68; contemplation and, 74, 80, 294n69; mitsvot vs. ordinary deeds and, 134, 143-148, 146; prayer and, 200-210, 216, 225; study and, 161, 164-171. See also introversion and ecstasy Dibberot ha-Maggid, 242 dibbur: divine, 67, 74, 112, 125, 135, 168, 200, 209-210; redemption of, 80, 152-155; speech and, 51, 73, 77-80, 107-108, 119, 123-124, 271n32. See also shekhinahļ World of Speech disciples, of Dov Ber: Mezritsh circle, 19, 32-44, 86, 153-154, 226, 227-233, 261n56, 264nll9; pedagogy and, 25, 34-35, 63, 86-87, 184-198; written teachings of, 18,25-26, 36-37, 74, 236, 241-245, 272n92,283nl03, 300n54, 301n56. See also Mezritsh drinking. See worship through corporeality Durkheim, Emile, 3 Dynner, Glenn, 259nl2, 299nl9 eating. See worship through corporeality ecstasy. See introversion and ecstasy Egypt. See exile and redemption Eliade, Mircea, 9 Eliyahu ben Shlomo, 17. See also mithnaggedim emanation: creation and, 67, 99, 114-115, 118, 121-123, 278nl05; divine language and, 104-105, 107-109, 114-121; world of, 75, 87, 125; Torah and, 103, 126-128, 132 ‘Emek ha-Melekh. See Bachrach, Naftali Index engraving, 104, 114-116, 127 Epstein, Kalonymous Kalman, 246-247
Eranos conference, 8-9 exile and redemption, 28, 61, 73, 83, 101, 146-147, 152-155, 168,202, 206, 214-215, 227-233,282n63,295n97 external and inner speech, 70, 79, 85-86. See also letters; spoken and written language; World of Thought Falk, Yaakov Yehoshua, 259nl3 father and child. See parables fear: prayer and, 138, 154, 164, 167, 168, 170, 172, 180-182, 196, 205; sin and, 28; study with, 204-205, 222-223; thought and speech with, 91-92, 116. See also love; pleasure Fishbane, Eitan, 104 five places of articulation: creation, 91, 106, 111; speech and, 73, 79, 106, 114, 119, 122-124, 128,271n44; Torah and, 137. See also binah; God, names of; malkhuf, spoken and written language Foucault, Michel, 301n9 Ga’on of Vilna. See Eliyahu ben Shlomo God, names of: alufo shel ‘olam, 56; Ein Sof, 55-56, 74, 82, 91, 100, 117, 125-126, 205, 272ո65; liturgy as, 217; Maker, power of the, 64-66, 111, 115, 119, 125, 137, 140, 190; Prime Mover, 6; sefirot and, 103-104, 120; Scholem on, 9; Torah and, 131-132, 137-138, 169-172, 274n9,281n56; twelve, forty-two, and seventy-two letter, 102-105; Y-H-V-H, 9,46, 54-56, 62, 68, 73, 77-78, 90, 104, 111-112, 118-128, 137, 141, 149-151, 213, 217; yihudim and, 47, 105, 260n26. See also origins of language gadlut. See katnut and gadlut Garb, Jonathan, 258nn71,82 Garden of Eden, 137, 170-172 German Pietists. See Rhineland Pietists Gershon Kitover (brother-in-law of BeSHT), 48-51 Gikatilla, Yosef, 103, 275n24, 280nl5 Gittel (daughter-in-law of Dov Ber), 41-42, 263nnl01,102 Graetz, Heinrich, 259nl3 Graham, William, 32, 245
Index Green, Arthur, 38, 153, 231, 248, 29Ы65 Gries, Zeev, 237-239, 248, 251, 262ո73 hagiography, Hasidism and, 25-32, 41, 237. See also Islam; Kherson Geniza halakhah, 65-66, 86, 133, 144, 163-164, 177, 180-184. See also mitsvot Halakhah Pesukah (book), 299nl8 Hamann, Johann Georg, 12-14, 20, 192-193, 258n61. See also Christianity Hanipoli, 33, 41 Hasidism, emergence of movement, 23-25, 34-44, 227-233 Haskalah, 16-17 Hebrew: creation and, 75-76, 99-105, 120; Hasidic thinking on, 2-4, 48-53, 59-64, 72, 105-107; Holy Tongue, 8, 46-48; modern, 20; other languages and uniqueness of, 17-18, 57-59, 69-70, 75-76, 100, 236-249, 269n3. See also God, names of; letters, ordinary speech; Yiddish Hebrew Bible. See Torah heikhalot. See merkavah and heikhalot mysticism Heller, Meshullam Feibush, 166, 240 hesed, 104, 124, 150, 278nl05, 283nl02. See also love Hesed le-Avraham (Azulai), 289nl04 Hesed le-Avraham (Kalisk), 263nl03, 288n80 hiddushim. See study histaklut, 87—88, 213, 272n80. See also vision Holy Spirit, 83, 162,282n76 Hokhmah: human and divine, 12, 54-55, 91, 116, 175-176, 197; creation and, 100-107, 109-115, 121-122; physical world and, 14, 72, 88, 100-103; preverbal thought, 62, 71, 73, 80-83, 88-90, 118-122, 124, 177-179, 186, 212; Torah and, 132-134, 140, 148-149, 161, 172, 179, 186. See also kadmut ha-sekhel·, sefirof, tsimtsum homilies, Hasidic, 34-38, 184-198, 235-253. See also oral/written culture; Hasidism and Horowitz, Isaiah, 163, 273nl06, 280n22 Horowitz, Pinhas, 44, 165, 263n91 Horowitz, Shmuel Shmelke, 44, 165, 241 humility, 149, 165, 167, 200, 211. See also ayin
337 husks, 2, 60, 64, 80, 163, 202, 220-221, 229, 231, 282n63 hyle, 108, 123-124, 174, 278nl06. See also hokhmah՝, yod Idei, Moshe, 11, 210 Inge, William Ralph, 7 introversion and ecstasy, 3, 7, 11, 19, 24, 38, 85-86, 186-187, 201, 206-210, 217, 226. See also kadmut ha-sekhel·, World of Thought Islam: hagiography and Hadith, 26, 245, 261ո53; Ibn Arabi, 55-56; theories of language and, 2, 10, 14, 46, 59; Qur’an, 14, 59, 245, 279n5 isolation, solitude and community, 12, 19, 74, 86-87, 170, 176, 186, 195-197, 225-227, 230-231, 237, 235, 266n50 Israel (Jewish people), 4, 57-58, 65, 111-118, 127-128, 277nn70,79 Israel, land of, 42, 48, 83 James, William, 7 Jerusalem (book), 246 Jerusalem (place), 202, 218, 265nl5. See also Israel, land of; Temple Jewish law. See halakhah John of the Cross, 56 Johns, Adrian, 250 Johnson, Mark, 192 joy, 3, 24, 33-34, 49, 56, 177-183, 203, 220, 228. See also pleasure Jubilees, book of, 58 Judah Halevi, 46, 59, 270n8 kadmut ha-sekhel, 81-85, 100, 123, 173-176. See also hokhmah-, keter·, mahashavah Kahn, Avraham Yitshak (editor), 239-240 Kant, Immanuel, 16 katnut and gadlut, 136, 171, 228-229 kavod, 89, 131, 136, 167-170, 228 kavvanah and kavvanot, 47, 105, 201-203, 215-219, 229, 270n28, 292n28, 295, 100. See also God, names of; sefirof, yihudim kelippot. See husks keter: ayin and, 140, 272n65; creation and, 99, 104, 106-109, 114-122; thought and, 83, 89, 100, 104, 188. See also hokhmah·, ratson; yod Keter Shem Tov (book), 30-32, 165, 240-241
ЗЗВ Index Kherson Geniza, 260n25 Kirkwood, William, 191 Kitvei Kodah, 2-41-242 Klapholtz, Yisra’el, 242-243, 300n50 kloyz, 27 koan. See Buddhism kol, 77-80, 91-92, 112, 123, 155-156, 172, 177, 213-215, 271n32, 277n69. See also tif’eref, dibhur Korets (place), 27, 35-36, 44 kots, 118, 287n64. See also keter, yod kiss, 51, 154-157 Lakoff, George, 192 languages of animals and trees, 28-29, 261n63 leadership, 3, 33-34, 42-44, 85-86, 152-154, 195-197, 231, 259nl2, 261nn49,50 lesbon ha-kodesh. See Hebrew letters: angelic, 29-30; cleaving to, 47, 169, 200, 203; combinations, 47, 49, 62, 79, 122, 183, 220, 224, 282n63; creation and, 57, 72, 99-116, 125-128; et as totality of, 61, 105-106, 111; Hebrew letters, 48, 51, 58-59, 64, 70, 74-79, 111, 122,269-270n6, 265n6; letters of speech, 89-93, 203-204, 171; letters of thought, 69, 79-88, 100, 134, 151; Torah and, 1, 69, 130-143, 151-157, 166-169, 172; pedagogy and, 184-197; raising up sparks and, 19, 25, 28, 48-50, 53-54, 61-68, 101, 227-231, 282n63; source of all language, 51, 60, 69-70, 72-74, 180; spoken and written, 3, 72, 74-77, 89-93, 270n28; worship and, 2, 50-51, 164, 200-209, 211-213, 219-222. See also consonants; Hebrew; vowels Levi Yitshak of Barditshev, 44, 76, 92, 155, 157, 165, 214, 241-242, 264nll8, 281n39, 295n88 Sefer Likkutei Amarim, 241-242, 300n43 Likkutim Yekarim, 240 liturgy. See prayer Lokatsh (place), 26-27 Lorberbaum, Menachem, 272n65 love: creation and, 113, 116-117; others and, 155-156, 187-188, 225-226, 285nl37; parent and child, 6, 66, 91, 101, 177-178, 210, 215; raising up to God, 80, 91-92, 117, 138,
145, 209, 219-220; revelation and, 136, 144—145, 154—157; tsimtsum and, 100-101, 110, 116-117, 144, 187, 210, 282n79; worship with, 164, 168, 170, 196, 223. See also fear; besed·, tsimtsum Luria, Yitshak and Lurianic Kabbalah: charismatic leader, 29, 202, 294n69; creation myth of, 100-101, 135; Hasidic relationship to, 30, 37,47-48, 61, 76, 191, 215-219, 290nl45, 295nnl00,102, 299n30; meaning of Torah in, 132-133, 166; prayer and liturgy in, 202, 215-219; raising sparks, 53, 61, 67, 202. See also Moshe Cordovero; Safed Kabbalah; shattering of the vessels; tsimtsum Ma'ayan ha-Hokhmah (book), 29-30, 277-288n90 Maggid Devarav le-Ya‘akov, 18, 28-29, 116, 224, 238-241, 299nl9 maggid meisharim (community preacher), 27 magic, 23, 27, 29-30, 49, 88, 138, 163, 168-169, 211, 286n46 mahashavah: contemplation/cognition and, 52, 71, 78-81, 90; creation and, 104-106, 113-125, 118-119, 127; language and, 69, 79; pedagogy and, 175-177; prayer and, 201, 220; Torah and, 135-136; unification with dibhur, 78—79, 112. See also binah՝, dibbur\ letters; World of Thought mahshavot zarot. See prayer Maimon, Solomon, 17, 34-36, 194, 197-198, 224 Maimonides, Moses, 5, 59, 146, 267n79, 268n96, 280n33,283n84, 302n88 malkhut: creation, 100, 112-113, 119, 124-125; prayer and, 209-210; revelation and, 132, 148, 156; speech and, 54, 74, 80, 85-86, 168. See also dibbur; shekhinah; World of Speech manuscripts, 18, 37, 39, 235, 238-242, 249-253, 295nl02, 298n6, 301nn79,80 Margolin, Ron, 11, 210 master and disciple. See disciples, of Dov Ber; pedagogy and preaching Meister Eckhart. See Christianity and
Christian mystics melammed, 26-27 melody. See song memory palace, 296nl29. See also mahashavah·, palace Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk, 42, 44, 241
Index Мепаһет Nahum of Chernobil, 65-66, 149-151, 268nll6, 283nl03, 286n30, 300n45 Mendelssohn, Moses, 16-17, 69-70, 246 Menorah, 108-109, 226 merkavah and heikhalot mysticism, 29, 103, 131, 162,220, 29ІПІ2 meshalim. See parables Meshullam Zusya Weislbum, 41, 262n82, 263n85 messianism, 27, 48-49, 58, 142, 228, 297n3. See also exile and redemption Mezhbizh (place), 24 Mezritsh: Maggid’s court in, 6, 25, 34-36, 43, 231-232; official beit-midrash in, 27; town of, 16-17, 27 middot, 63, 82, 89, 92, 149, 297n6 miracles, 23, 27-30, 36, 41, 79-80, 88, 153, 168-169, 182 mithnaggedim, 34, 39-41, 43, 153-154, 164, 216, 237, 240, 265n83, 295nl02 mitsvof. devekut through, 28, 134, 140-148, 157, 171, 181, 221, 273nl06, 181; patriarchs and, 142, 144-147; worship through corporeality and, 65-67 mohin, 121, 189, 191, 287n68 Molinos, Miguel de, 5 Moses, 1, 108, 148-157, 179 Moshe Hayim Efrayim of Sudilkov, 49 mundane speech. See ordinary speech mysticism, language and study of, 1-3, 7-14 narratives. See story-telling Nahmanides, Moses, 56, 59, 131, 267n69, 273nl06, 280n33 Neoplatonism 2, 45-46 oral/written culture, Hasidism and, 3, 18, 25, 32, 48-52, 200-201,235-253, 298n2, ЗОІпбЗ. See also manuscripts ordinary speech, 2-4, 51-52, 60-64, 80, 90, 100-101, 217, 223, 268nl01. See also prayer; study; Yiddish Or ha-Emet, 241-242 origins of language, 56-59, 105-116 Or Torah, 239 Otto, Rudolf, 7 palace, 48, 120, 124, 206, 214-215, 220-221, 269n4, 296nl23. See also memory palace; merkavah and heikhalot mysticism 339 parables: master and disciple, 187-192; parent and child, 66-67, 91, 110, 116-117,
136-138, 177-180, 188-192, 213-215; rhetorical function of, 2, 6, 35, 188-194. See also pedagogy and preaching pedagogy and preaching, 25, 34-38, 88, 184-198, 290nnl54,156 Pedaya, Haviva, 11, 74 perek shirah. See song Perloff, Marjorie, 93-94 Philo, 274nl4, 279n4 philosophy of language (Western), 15-17, 52-53, 70, 78-79, 93-95, 266n45. See also Wittgenstein, Ludwig physical world, 2, 11-12, 28, 42, 53, 64-69, 82, 88, 100, 108-109, 268nll6 Piekarz, Mendel, 11, 289nl28, 300n50 pietism. See asceticism; Rhineland Pietists Pinhas of Korets, 49n261 pleasure: human and divine, 49, 54-56, 68, 91, 113-116, 168, 178-183, 212, 230, 286n43; this-worldly, 11, 53, 65-68, 82, 219, 225, 293n44 poetry, 13, 46, 193, 219. See also prayer Polanyi, Michael, 247 prayer: BeSHT and, 3, 24, 30, 33, 49-51; community and, 225-225; confession, 221-222; conflict with mithnaggedim and, 39-41; divine will and, 29, 211-213; liturgy and kavvanot in, 199, 201-202, 215-219, 229; orality and contemplation in, 2, 11-12, 55, 84, 89, 112-113, 203-205, 208, 213-215, 292n23; ordinary speech and, 74, 222-224; petitionary prayer, 205-207; shekhinah and, 54-55, 203-209; tsaddikim and, 94, 203, 210-212; uplifting strange thoughts during 219-222. See also devekut; dibbur, World of Speech preaching. See pedagogy and preaching prophet and prophecy, 38, 47, 81-85, 148-149, 272n80, 294n87 Qumran, 58 rabbinic literature: creation and, 64, 101-104, 113; Dov Ber and, 26-27, 30, 36-37, 47, 165, 180-184, 232, 238, 244, 262n73; language and, 45-46, 58; meaning of Torah and revelation in, 47, 88, 129-131, 148, 152, 162, 184;
prayer in, 200-202, 205
340 Rapoport-Albert, Ada, 43, 259n4 ratson, 106-107, 116, 140, 179-182, 276n47, 288nnl00,101 rav, 27, 38 Raziei ha-Malakh (book), 29 reading, hermeneutics and exegesis, 16, 30-32, 34-36, 46,130-131, 139-141, 161-198, 237, 245-246, 252-253 Reddy, Michael J., 72 redemption. See exile and redemption Reshit Hokhmah (book), 170, 264nl3 revelation: creation and, 109-110, 117-118, 126, 134-136; experience of, 136, 145, 154-157; Hasidic sermon as, 157, 185-187, 197; Moses and, 148-154; speech and, 1-2, 8-9, 12, 50-53, 72; study and, 31, 139, 166, 174, 177-179; Torah and, 133-137, 144-154 Rhineland Pietists, 29, 131, 201 Rosenzweig, Franz, 20 Rosman, Moshe, 244 Rovno, 26, 33, 39,41, 259nl6, 261n55 ru’ah ha-kodesh. See Holy Spirit sacred and profane. See ordinary speech Safed Kabbalah, 27,47-48, 105, 131-132, 163, 179, 202-203, 216-218, 238. See also Luria, Yitshak and Lurianic Kabbalah; Moshe Cordovero Sarug, Yisra’el, 48, 105 Schatz-Uffenheimer, Rivka, 10-14, 20, 81, 93, 207-208, 231, 237-242, 264nll9 Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 16 Scholem, Gershom, 8-14, 20, 46, 81, 258n61 Scripture. See Torah secularization of language, 16-17, 20 sefirot: creation and, 58, 100-103, 108-110, 124, 278nl05; inner life and, 72-74, 82-83, 89-91, 117, 123, 141, 179, 219, 277n87; parts of the Godhead, 47, 58, 72, 89, 272n65; prayer and, 200-202, 213, 216-217; symbolic language and, 47, 58; Torah and, 131-132, 137, 163, 166-168, 182, 188-200, 276n37; unifying the, 47, 52, 78-80, 93, 148, 209-211, 260n26. See also emanation; kavvanah and kavvanot; yihudim Index Seidman, Naomi, 248-249 Seligman, Adam, 3
Sells, Michael, 6,257n26 sermons, Hasidic. See Hasidic; homilies seventy languages, 58-59,267n81 Shabbat, 34-37, 89, 166, 185, 273nl05, 296nl27 Shabbatai Tsevi, 27, 132, 148, 256nl2 Shalom Shakhna of Prohobist, 42 Shar’abi, Shalom, 202 shattering of the vessels, 80,101, 179,220, 228 shekhinah: redemption of, 28, 73; speech and, 54, 74, 77-78, 91, 104, 117, 167-168; study or prayer for sake of, 163, 167-168, 200-211, 229; uniting with binah or tif’eret, 77-78. See also dibbur, exile and redemption; malkhut shevirat һа-kelim. See shattering of the vessels Shivhei ha-BeSHT, 30-32, 42, 165, 260n45 Shklov (place), 39. See also mithnaggedim Shlomo of Lutsk: editor of Dov Bers works, 28-29, 67, 238-241, 250-253, 260nl8, 263nll6; member of Mezritsh circle, 44, 225-226 Shneur Zalman of Liady, 36-37,40-41,44, 165,252, 29ІПІ69, 295n96, 264nll8 shoresh, 59-60. See also letters silence, 1-2, 10-12, 81, 85-95, 108-109, 115, 130, 176, 186-187, 198, 207-208, 227 sin, 28 65, 164, 221-222. See also fear Sinai. See revelation Slavic languages, 17, 70,269nl32 song, 34, 73, 84-85, 89, 154, 211, 224-225, 290nl56 Sorkin, David, 70 soul: ascent of, 48, 169; connection between, 51, 156; divestment from body, 75; language and, 31, 48-49, 54, 56, 196; prayer and, 206-208; sparks and, 61, 67, 202 sparks, 28, 53-54, 61-67, 80, 101, 143, 163, 202, 216, 282nn63,70, 295n97 speaking Torah. See revelation; pedagogy spoken and written language, 3, 31-32, 72, 74-76, 79, 127, 138, 200, 204,237-253, 298. See also Hasidism and; oralAvritten culture
Index storytelling: biblical narratives, 103, 129-130, 133-134, 137-143; Hasidic stories, 25-32, 63, 268nl01, 290nl59; parables and, 191-194 strange thoughts. See prayer study: devotion and, 30-31, 38, 138-139, 150, 165-173, 193, 286n43; Hasidic ambivalence toward, 39-40, 199-203; hiddushlm/creativity and, 173-184, 289nl04; humility and, 166-168, 232; lishmah, 162-168; orality and, 30-31, 49-51, 138-141, 245; ordinary language and, 51, 60-61, 169-171; Talmud, 37, 162-165; Sinai and 2, 132, 134, 150, 165, 173-174. See also devekut; kadmut ha-sekhel·, pedagogy; Torah ta'am, 71-73, 94-85,270n9 Tabernacle, 102, 108-109, 265nl5 teacher. See pedagogy and preaching Temple, 58, 63, 84, 164, 218, 265nl5 thought. See mahashavah thought, speech, deed, 157, 223 Throne of Glory, 201, 219-220 tiferei, 77, 80, 89, 112, 123, 132, 148, 156, 275n30. See also kol՛, sefirot tikkun, 228 Tikkunei Zohar, 104, 163, 206, 295nl03 Torah: creation and, 1, 66, 103, 112, 125-128, 134-136, 147; garments of, 1, 66, 126, 133-134, 137-151, 167, 171; letters and scroll, 131-132, 135, 143; primordial, 14, 57, 126-127, 129-136, 143-156, 179, 182-183, 280n28; written and oral, 132, 152, 261n56. See also revelation; study Torat ha-Maggid, 242-243 Torchin (place), 26, 261n55, 299nl8 translation, 13, 107-109, 117, 235-237, 248-252 tsaddik: community and, 12, 19, 38, 74, 94, 197, 231; contemplation and deeds of, 117, 147, 178-180; humility and self-effacement, 56, 149; leader and teacher, 19, 38, 83, 157, 186-187, 237, 253, 266n50; mithnaggedim and, 40; prayer and, 203-205, 209-212; speech of, 51, 83, 54-57, 62-64,
66, 157; study and, 150, 178-187; worship through corpore ality, 65-67 Tsava’at harRiVaSH, 240 34і tsimtsum: creation, 4-5, 76, 92-93, 100-101, 110, 113-117, 125-128; revelation, 92-93, 126, 136-139, 144-146, 187; mitsvot and 146-148; teaching and, 187-189; thought, 110, 117-118, 121, 176, 271n32. See also mahashavah. Turniansky, Chava, 249 Underhill, Evelyn, 7 Vilna (place), 16-17, 39. See also mith naggedim Vital, Hayyim, 48 vision, 23, 27-28, 36, 42, 74-76, 131, 169-172 vowels, 73, 131-132, 218, 270nn8,12 Weiss, Joseph, 10, 207, 272n65 will. See ratson Wineman, Aryeh, 188 wisdom. See hokhmah Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 93-94 Wolfson, Elliot R., 15, 68 Wolper Rebbe, 23 World of Speech, 54-56, 74, 78-79, 86-91, 185, 200, 205-217, 275n35. See also dihbur; malkhut; shekhinah World of Thought, 54-56, 78-91, 148-152, 168, 200, 207, 211, 272n92. See also binah, mahashavah World to Come, 118, 146 worship through corporeality, 28, 53, 64-69, 287n54, 268nnl08,116, 287n54. See also devekut·, mitsvot Ya'akov Yosef of Polnoye, 33, 50, 52, 165, 236-239, 261n50, 301n58 yehidut, 34, 261nó0 Yehiel Mikhel of Zlotshev, 166, 261n49, 299n29, 300n5 yeshivah, 37 Sefer Yetsirah: Hebrew and, 47, 58-59, 91; creation and, 102, 105. See also letters Yiddish, 17-8, 69-70, 75, 236, 248-249, 260n45, 269nl32, 298n2 yihudim, 29, 47-52, 105, 148, 201, 208, 260n26. See also kavvanah and kavvanof, sefirot Yisra’el ben Eliezer. See Ba‘al Shem Tov
342. Index Yisra’el of Kozhenits, 86-87, 186, 241 Yisra’el of Ruzhin, 32, 42, 197 yod: contemplation and, 62, 76, 118, 121-124, 174; creation and, 118-125; divine name and, 99-100, 102, 120, 151, 277n69; source of language, 114, 118, 120, 222, 277n90; tip of, 118, 140, 278n91. See also God, names of; hokhmah·, keter Ze’ev Wolf of Zhitomir, 85, 134, 185, 195-197, 215, 272n92 Zobar: creation in, 104, 112, 118; language and, 72, 87, 120; meaning of Torah in, 131-133, 137, 140, 163, 213, 275n30, 281n56; symbolic language of, 47; prayer in, 202, 206, 220-222 Zusya of Hanipoli. See Meshullam Zusya Weisblum |
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| isbn | 9780812252187 |
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| spelling | Mayse, Ariel Evan 1986- Verfasser (DE-588)1183006330 aut Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh Ariel Evan Mayse Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press [2020] © 2020 xi, 345 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Jewish culture and contexts "Dov Ber of Mezritsh is a figure shrouded in mystery. Although he is widely regarded as one of the most important and creative Jewish thinkers of the eighteenth century, his theology is exceptionally difficult and complex. Scholars and historians of religion have long attempted to make sense of his laconic homilies and penetrate his obtuse mystical symbolism. They have struggled to piece together his biography and better understand his place in the development of Hasidism. Indeed, interest in Dov Ber extends far beyond the walls of the academy. A wide range of Jewish seekers, thinkers, and philosophers have turned to Dov Ber's sophisticated devotional teachings as holding the seeds for a renewal of contemporary Jewish life. Present-day Hasidic leaders have been captivated by his mysterious teachings, seeing them as a remedy for a religious movement that has lost much of its spiritual momentum. His writings and indeed his outsize religious personality have had an enormous impact on the most important renewal movement of Jewish modernity. This book argues that Dov Ber's reflections on the nature of language and the power of human speech rest at the heart of his allure. Abraham Joshua Heschel, a modern Jewish mystic who drank deeply from the wellsprings of Hasidism, argued that restoring the power and dignity of language was the key to human flourishing after the unspeakable tragedies of the twentieth century. "The renewal of man," claimed Heschel, "involves a renewal of language." The noted philosopher Charles Taylor has suggested that the experience of modernity demands that we "return to, while reexamining, Aristotle's definition of the human being as 'Zwon echon logon'." Reclaiming our identity as "speaking beings," individuals for whom the word is constitutive as well as communicative, is a crucial step in reckoning with the nature of what it can mean to be human"-- Dov Baer of Mezhirech 1710-1772 (DE-588)1012639371 gnd rswk-swf Erkenntnis (DE-588)4015286-8 gnd rswk-swf Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd rswk-swf Mystische Erfahrung (DE-588)4196125-0 gnd rswk-swf Chassidismus (DE-588)4009799-7 gnd rswk-swf Glaube (DE-588)4071867-0 gnd rswk-swf Dov Baer / of Mezhirech / -1772 Hasidism Language and languages / Religious aspects / Judaism Mysticism / Judaism Dov Baer of Mezhirech 1710-1772 (DE-588)1012639371 p Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 s Erkenntnis (DE-588)4015286-8 s Glaube (DE-588)4071867-0 s Chassidismus (DE-588)4009799-7 s DE-604 Mystische Erfahrung (DE-588)4196125-0 s Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032192504&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032192504&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032192504&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Mayse, Ariel Evan 1986- Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh Dov Baer of Mezhirech 1710-1772 (DE-588)1012639371 gnd Erkenntnis (DE-588)4015286-8 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Mystische Erfahrung (DE-588)4196125-0 gnd Chassidismus (DE-588)4009799-7 gnd Glaube (DE-588)4071867-0 gnd |
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| title | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh |
| title_auth | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh |
| title_exact_search | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh |
| title_full | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh Ariel Evan Mayse |
| title_fullStr | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh Ariel Evan Mayse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Speaking infinities God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh Ariel Evan Mayse |
| title_short | Speaking infinities |
| title_sort | speaking infinities god and language in the teachings of rabbi dov ber of mezritsh |
| title_sub | God and language in the teachings of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezritsh |
| topic | Dov Baer of Mezhirech 1710-1772 (DE-588)1012639371 gnd Erkenntnis (DE-588)4015286-8 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Mystische Erfahrung (DE-588)4196125-0 gnd Chassidismus (DE-588)4009799-7 gnd Glaube (DE-588)4071867-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Dov Baer of Mezhirech 1710-1772 Erkenntnis Sprache Mystische Erfahrung Chassidismus Glaube |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032192504&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032192504&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032192504&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maysearielevan speakinginfinitiesgodandlanguageintheteachingsofrabbidovberofmezritsh |