"If we had wings we would fly to you": a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42
"This is the first work, not only in English, that offers overarching exploration of the flight and evacuation of Soviet Jews viewed at the macro level but mostly at the family level. It is also the first study to examine Jewish life in this historiographically hitherto-neglected Soviet region....
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston
Academic Studies Press
2020
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| Schriftenreihe: | Jews of Russia and Eastern Europe and their legacy
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This is the first work, not only in English, that offers overarching exploration of the flight and evacuation of Soviet Jews viewed at the macro level but mostly at the family level. It is also the first study to examine Jewish life in this historiographically hitherto-neglected Soviet region. The appearance of such a book is timely because of a recent resurgence of interest in the Caucasus and continuing interest in the Holocaust and the Second World War. The book is supposed to make a significant contribution to the history of the Holocaust and Second World War in the Soviet Union elucidating the hitherto largely neglected dimension of Jewish life and evacuation."-- |
| Beschreibung: | xxvi, 295 Seiten Illustrationen, genealogische Tafel |
| ISBN: | 9781644692912 9781644692905 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of Contents Preface Family Tree Timeline Introduction ix xi xiii xv PART ONE Historical Background Chapter 1.1. The Ginsburg Family in the North Caucasus Chapter 1.2. Soviet Population Evacuation into the North Caucasus, 1941-1942 Chapter 1.3. The Holocaust in the North Caucasus 1 3 23 42 PART TWO The Ginsburg Family Correspondence Chapter 2. 1941 Chapter 3. 1942-1943 55 57 157 Conclusion 263 List of Letters in the Ginsburg Collection List of Abbreviations Bibliography Index 266 274 275 287
Bibliography ARCHIVAL SOURCES Jerusalem, Israel 1. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Department of Oral History (ICJ, DOH) Collection of oral testimonies 2. YadVashem Archive (YVA) Collection TR.10, Trials of Nazi criminals in Western Germany. Prove nance: Z/s Ludwigsburg Collection 0.3, Testimonies of the Holocaust survivors Collection 0.75, Letters Collection M.31, Righteous among the Gentiles Collection M.33, Extraordinary State Commission. Provenance: Moscow, Russia. Collection M.35, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Collection M.37, Selected records from the Ukrainian Archives Collection M.40, Selected records from the Russian Archives Collection P.21, Ilya Erenburg s archive Hall of Names (YVHN) Moscow, Russia 1. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation, GARF) Fond 7021, Chrezvychainaia Gosudarstvennaia Kommissiia po ustanovleniiu і rassledovaniiu zlodeianii nemetsko-fashistskikh zakhvatchikov і ikh soobshchnikov і prichinennogo imi ushcherba grazhdanam, kolkhozam, obshchestvennym organizatsiiam і uchrezhdeniiam (Extraordinary State Commission on Reporting and Investigating the Atrocities of the German
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278 Bibliography Derzhavin, Nikolai. Fashizm—zleishii vragslavianstva. Moscow: Akademiia nauk SSSR, 1942. Distribution of the Jewish Population of the USSR 1939. Edited by Mordechai Altshuler. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, Center for the Research of East European Jewry, 1993. Dokumenty obviniaiut. Sbomik materialov о chudovishchnykh zverstvakh Germanskikh vlastei na vremenno-okkupirovannykh Sovetskikh territoriyakh. Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1st ed. 1943,2nd ed. 1945. Enstad Due, Johannes. Soviet Russians under Nazi Occupation. Fragile Loyalties in World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Evakuatsiia. Vospominaniia o detstve, opalennom ognem Katastrofy. SSSR, 1941-1945. Edited by Aleksandr Berman and Alla Nikitina. Jerusalem: Soiuzuchenykh-repatriantov, 2009. Feferman, Kiril. SovietJewish Stepchild: The Holocaust in the SovietMindsđ, 1941-1964. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag, 2009. —------ . The Holocaust in the Crimea and the North Caucasus. Jerusalem: YadVashem, 2016. Fischer, Ernst. Diefaschistische Rassentheorie Moskau: Vlg. für fremdsprachige Literatur, 1941. Geľfand, Vladimir. Dnevnik 1941 -1946. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2015. Gershenson, Olga. The Phantom Holocaust: Soviet Cinema and Jewish Catastrophe. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013. Glantz, David M. Kharkov 1942: Anatomy of a Military Disaster Through Soviet Eyes. New York: Ian Allan Publishing, 2010. Gontmakher, Mikhail. Evrei na donskoi zemie. Istorila,fakty, biografia. Rostov-on-Don: Rostizdat, 1999. Goriaeva, Tat iana. Politicheskaia tsenzura v SSSR, 1917-1991 gg. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2009.
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Index Alexander II, 5 Black Hundreds, 6,122 Alma-Ata, 12-13, 89nll4,104-107, Black Sea, 3 Bolshevik Party (also VKP(b)), 18,25, 111, 135,137-138, 142,148, 150-151,156,158-160,165,167, 30,32-34,36,54n91,93nl27,99, 169,171,178,180, 187-188,191, 101,109-110,133,194,199,215, 195,209, 211, 214,218,222, 231, 233-234,239 Central Committee, 25,62n20,67, 233,242, 245,259n209,26ln213, 266-273 Alperin, A., 7 Anti-Semitism, xx, 6-8, 29-31, 63, 122nl92 Anton Ivanovich is Angry, 156 apartment, 45,46n29,48-49,104, 122,127,148,154,168,177,179, 184-188,191,193,204,242 Army Group Center (also Heeresegruppe Süd), 65,75,242-243 Army Group South, 65 116,194,203n88,264nl Rostov District Committee, 61,65, 67,97,129-130,149,185,264 Bolshevik (newspaper), 36 Bolshevik, ххііпіб, 6-11, 62,70,114, 128,152 bombardment, xiii, xx, xxii, 41,66,74, 76,79,81-82, 89,98-99,106,112, 137,148,182,241,244,246 bourgeois, 4 Budennovsk, xiii, 18,20-21,104-109, Ashkenazi Jews, 4,38 111-113,115-116,120,132n218, atrocities, 120-121,124,128,131,133, 135-142,145,147,149n253,154, 134,137-138,141,143,148,151, 181,237,242,266,268 158,160,165,206,231,249 Auschwitz, 234 Caspian Sea, 60,112 Babi Yar, 131 Caucasus, passim CentralAsia, xv, 85, 105-106,112-113, Baku, 60,112,173,245 Baltimore Sun, The, 127 120,148,211-212,253,265 Chechnya, 39,255 Ban, 5,1 ln48,34,62,73n60,76,78,83, Cherkessk, 42-49 146,183,264 Batum, 245 children, xiii, xxiii, 3, 12-13,16, 20, 25, 28,35,39,45-46,66,73-74,76, 80-81,86,88,95-97,104,106, Belorussia, 31n34,33,75,138 Big Terror, 11-12 110-113,120,125,128,135,145,
288 Index 148-149,151,154,159-160,163, Dagoe Island, 103 177,180,182,184,187,197,204, Daily Mail, 124 249,252 Civil War (Russian), 4,6-7,9,11,92, 137 district, xiii-xiv, 5, 8,14-18, 20-22, 28, 32,36,38,61-62,65-69,80, 88, 97,102,105-106,126,129-130, collaborators, 9,47, 52-53,120, 142-143,147-149,151,152,171, 126-129,134,144,149, 256 Collectivization, 8 183,185,190-191,208,231, 241, commission (military or medical), 209, 211,216 Commission for Evacuation (Komissiya 243,246,248,250-253,255,264 Donets Basin, 75,93,103,108,177 draft, see conscription Dvinsky, Boris, 69n48,99,149,157,264 po evakuatsii), 26 community, 6,42,47, 231 Einsatzgruppe(-n), 50,52,88,106,144, conscription (also draft; enrollment), xvi, 30,60-61,67,70,80,86,89,117, 255 Empire, 3-6, 8,114 171,191,193,195-197,199,201, employment, employed, xvii-xix, xxii, 210-217,237 correspondence, xiii, xv-xvi, xxi, xxiiixxiv, 9,11-14,16,18,20,57,68-69, 72-73, 80-81,85, 96,102,108,137, 155,172,174,181,212,219,221, 11ո48,14-15,18-19,25ո7,27, 31ո34, 35,40,48, 51, 100, 116, 130, 135-136, 139, 148, 154, 160, 173-174, 185, 189, 191, 193, 199, 201-202, 211, 218, 246-247, 259,263,266-273 Cossack, 4-5,7-9,28n22,33,35 Cossackdom, 5 250-251, 257 encirclement, 91,119, 223 enrollment, see conscription council (sovet), xiii, 5,19ո60,24-28,31, Erenburg, Ilya, 101 ЗбпбО, 42-43,45,47,49, 54ո94, 60ո14, 68, 97, 99, 105-106, 112, 118, 25ІПІ89, 255 Council for Evacuation, xiii, 25-28, 31, 105-106 Council of the Peoples Commissars (also Sovet Narodnykh Komissarov, SNK), 25-26,28n22,32n39,34n49,142, 171n34,185n61,243nl66 counter-offensive,
xiii, 120,133,157, 208,228,240 Crimea, xiii-xiv, 34,75,103,108,110, 157-158,225-227,231-232,236, 244-245 Croatia, 59 curfew, 61,100 escape, xviin4, xix, xxi-xxiii, 25, 28, 31, 40-41,66,71,84,89,91,105-106, 108-109, 111, Ш, 115,133,139, 145,150-152,154-155,163, 172,182-183,198,208,219,243, 246-249,251,264 Essentuki, 29,34-35,42-50,136, 139-140,145,148,154 Estonia, 31n34 evacuation permit (also evacuation authorization), 40,104-105, 109, 112,115,132,139,145,147-149, 161,175,178,180-181,183,193, 199,244,247,261 evacuation, xiii-xxiii, xxv, 12-13,17-21, 23-41,71-72, 80,85-88, 90,
Index 92-97,99-100,103-110,113-116, 120,123,132-133,135-140,142, 144-149,151,155,158-161, 163-166,169,171ո34,175-186, 188,190-194,197,199,202,204, 216,219,221-222,233-234,241, 243-244,246-248,251-252, 261,265 evacuee, xvii-xxiii, 21,25-35,37, 39-40,47,53,72, 80,86-88,92, 99-100,106,108,112,111-116, 137-138,140,142,149,153,155, 158,162,166-169, 171-174,177, 179,183-185,187-188,190-191, 193-194,198,201-202,204,222, 232,237-238,243,251,263,265 Extermination Battalions, xiii-xiv, 18-19, 61-62, 72,113,116-117,181,191, 212,235,247 Extraordinary State Commission (also ESC), 35n57,43,45,51,121 Fascism, 32,70-71,74, 86,92,98-99, 120,122,125-128,134,138,141, 143,151,153,163,165,167,170, 173,181,192,199,206,208-209, 231,252-253,259 fuel, 28,32,113,139,148,153-160, 187-190 Feuchtwanger, Lion The Oppermanns, 63 “Final Solution,” 67,76-77 Finland, 59 flight, xvii, xx, xxii, 39,41,94,105,134, 148,186,204,237,240-242,252 food, xix, xxiii, 7,11ո48,15,27-29, 32, 40, 47, 49, 52, 80, 100, 116, 135-136, 145, 147, 151, 155, 160, 167-168, 172, 174, 182-184, 187-193, 201-202, 206, 210-211, 221-222, 231, 241, 247, 251, 253 fortress, 5, 98, 101, 194 Frog Soldiers, 71 Geľfand, Vladimir, 29 generation, xvi, 3,6,13,17,20,63,95, 104-105,107,114,155,182,221, 224,231,264 ghetto, 42-44,47,63-64,167 Ginsburg family Chazkewitzs Elizaveta (Liza), xxvi, 3, 12-13,15-18,57-58, 66-67,71-74,77, 80-81, 83,85-86,89-91, 93-97,103-119,123,125, 131-133,135-148,150, 153,156-162,164-167, 171-183,186-190,195200,204-209,213-215, 217-221,225,229-233, 238-242,245-251,256, 259,261,266-273 Boris, 15-16,57n3,74,81, 86,
89-90,93,99,266 Efim, xv-xvi, xxvi, 3, 9-15,18, 57-59,66-68,70-74,77, 80-81, 83,85-87,89-91, 93-96,106-108,111,113115,120,123,131,135-139, 141-143,145,148-151,153, 156,158-161,164-166,168, 170-175,177-179,186-187, 190,194-195,197-200, 204,206,210-211,213-216, 218,221-224,226,229, 231-233,235-236,238-240, 242,245,248,259,261,265, 266-273 Gedaliya, 3,9,14-15 Greeners Avraham, 14,20 289
290 Index Anna (Anya), xxvi, З,12-18, 20, 57-58,73, 80,90,97,105-109, 111,114-115,119,125, 131-133,135-144,146-147, 150,153,156-157,159-162, 164-167,172-183,186-187, 189-190,197-198,200,204֊ 207,209,213,215,219-221, 225,229,231,233,238,242, 246-247,251,259,261 Hanna-Rachel, 3,14 Ida (née Dektor), 13 Manya (Monya), 3,13-14,17, 21,66, 74,104,106, 111, 145,160,173, 197-198,209,227,232,242,256 Meerovichs Grigory (Grisha), 14,17-18, 21-22, 58,66,80,86,195,209-210, 223,232,256 Tamara, xiii-xiv, 14, 17-18,21, 57-59,66,83,104,106,111, 113-117,119-120,123, 132n218,135-139,141-142, 145,148,153,158-162, 164-174,177-178,180-182, 184-187,189, 191-196,198, 201-203,206-211,213-217, 219,221-224,226-227, 229-230,232,235-236-237, 241,245-251,256,259,266, 268-272 Vladimir (Volodya), xiii-xiv, xvi, 12,17-19,72,95-96,104, 109,112-113,115-117,130, 135,138,141,148,159-161, 164-165,170-171,175,177, 179-184,186-189,191-193, 195,197-199,201,206,210214,216-219,221,223-227, 230,232,236,247,259-261, 270,273 Pinchas (Pinya), 14,17 Pinchos Anna (Anya or Anechka), 19-21, 66, 80,86,107,180,201, 204-205,211,214,223-224 David (Dod or Doda), xiii-xiv, 14,19-20,81,85-86,89,93, 104,117,136,148,169-170, 180,186-187,195,200-201, 204-205,209,211,214-215, 219,223-224,247,250,256 Tsylya, xiii-xiv, 14,19-21,66, 104,106,111-114,119,123, 135-137,140,145,147-149, 153-155,158,160,167, 169-173,180,186-187,192, 195-196,200-202,204-205, 208-209,211,214,221, 223-224,247,250-251,256, 259,268-271 Glavlit, 76,78 God, 214,221,229,240 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 38 government, xvii, 5,11,23-28,31-32,
60,62-63,68-70,73,78-79,90,92, 106,110,116,126,142,163,167, 184-185,203n88,250 Grozny, 39, 60 Great Purges, 12 Gypsies, 131 harvest, 248 Hebrew, 155 higher education, 34,65,74,88,152,196 Hitler, Adolf, 29,63,74-77,86,91,95, 131,136,142,146-147,157, 219,223,225,229,231,233, 243nl65,245 Holocaust, xv, xxi-xxii, 13-14,36, 41-54,142,154,265 Hungary, 59
Index “Ьі liberated Rostov” 150-151 indemnity, 47-48 information, xviii-xxii, xxiv-xxv, 10-14,19, 28, 36-38,41,64-65, 68-69,73,76-79, 85,91, 94, 99, 103,105,110-111,113-115, 123-124,128-129, 131,133,136, 142, 151-153,158-159,166-167, 170, 176, 180-181,186,193-195, 197-199, 201,203-204,206-207, 210, 226-228, 232,234,240, 243nl66, 245, 248-249,252-253, 260, 264 Iran, 117 Iraq, 60 Israel, 13 Italy, 59 Ivanchenko, G., 109 Izvestiya, xxv, 73,75,77,79,92,94-95, 122-123,125,129,230 Jewish Council (яко Judenrat), 42-45, 47-49,118,255 Judaism, 6, 90, 137-138, 207 Judenrat, see Jewish Council Kabardino-Balkaria, 8,255 Kaganovich, Lazar, 8,26nl2 Kalinin (city), 26 Kalinin, Mikhail, 92nl25 kantonisty, 5 Kazakhstan, 13,105 Kerch, xiv, 117,157-159,225-228,230, 232,235-236,245 Kharitonov, 124 Kharkov, xiv, 41,103, 227-228, 232, 238 Kiev, xiii, 82,91,122,131,163 Kislovodsk, 33-34,42-43,45-51 Kleist, Ewald, von, 118,243nl65,254 kolkhozes, 54ո91,91,112 Komsomol, 25, 67, 77-78, 128-129, 175, 196, 234 Krasnodar, 8,18,27-28,31-37,40, 42-45,49-51,70,85,108,110, 122,192,231,233,239,243-244, 251-253,255 Ladoga, 34 Latvia, 31 ո34 Lenin, Vladimir, 11 Leningrad, xxi, 25n8,31n34,34-35, 38n71,40,65,196n75,243 letter, passim Liberation, 73,120,126-127,131, 133-134,141,151,219,252,256, 258,263 Liverpool Daily Post, The, 124 Lvov, 86 Maikop, 60,231,233-234 Makhachkala, 103,112 Manchester Guardian, The, 124 Mariupol, 98-99, 111, 114-115,211 Marxism-Leninism, 71,92 media, xviii-xx, xxiv-xxv, 36, 39, 61, 6768,71,74-79,83-84,91-92,94,98, 100-101,103,117,120-122,124, 126,130-131,133,151-152,158,
163,167,175,180,203,225,228, 230.244.248.264 Menshevik, 10-11 Mikoyanshakhar, 43-48, Mineralnye vody, 44-45, 50,112 Minsk, 75 Molot, xxv, 36,60-61,64,68,70,74, 76,79,83-84,92-93,97-99,101, 106,123-125,127-131,131,140, 142-149,152-153,155,157,159, 161-163,165,183,203-204,206, 218.231.264 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 152,163 291
292 Index Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Soviet-German Pact of Non-Aggression), xiii, 62 Novocherkassk, 253-255 Novorossiisk, 42,44nl7,49 Moscow,xiii, xxnlO, 10-13, 26,57-58, 65,69,71-72,74-76,79,86,92, ObKhSS, 165,167 98,103,106,122,126,142,157, occupation, xv-xviii, xx-xxi, xiii, 7, 9,17, 200-201,230-231,239,242,248, 22-23,30,32-33,35,37-38,42, 266-267,273 44-46,48-52,54,64n30,76-77, Mountain Jews, 4-9 movement (of population), 48, 53, 61, 66,68,87,100,159,165,167,178, 182,192,218 Murmansk, 31n34 Nalchik, 33n43, 39,46-48 New York Herald Tribune, 124 New York Times, The, xxv, 63,77,91, 102-103,121,124-125,193, 227- 228,245,253 New York Sun, The, 127 79, 88,91,93,95,97,102-103, 105-106,109-111,118-119,121125,127-133,137,140,142,144, 146,148-151,153-154,156,158, 160,162,165-166,173,175-176, 178-179, 182,185,191-192,194, 199-200,207-208,218,239-240, 244,247,249,251,255-257,259, 261-262,264 Odessa, 3-4,6,9,14-15,85, 92,122, 194 offensive, xxii, 82,87,117,124,126n202, news, xviii-xix, xxii, xxv, 60, 67,73, 77, 130,157,161,177,193,201,203, 79,83,85-86,88-89,91,99,108, 206-207,225,228, 232,238,241, 113,115,120,123,126-127,129, 132-133,141,150,152,156,159, 168-171,175-177,186-187,195, 198,202,204,209,214,218,221, 245,251-252 oil, xiv, 60,77,103,117,192-193, 225-226,230-231,233,236,239, 226-227,229-230,238,248,253, 242-243,245,250nl85,253 Omsk, 12,71,74,87,111,142,267 259,261 Operation Blau, xiv, 236,242 newspaper, xxv, 7,36,60-62,64-65, 67-70,74,76-79,82-85,92-94, 98-103,105-106,108-111,120, 122-123-126,128-133,139,144, 146-147,149,152,156,158,161- Oppenheim Family, The, 63
Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz), 18-22, 36, 54n91,104,135,138,145, 149-150,152-155,158-160,162֊ 164,166-172,175,177,179-181, 163,165-167,175-176,183,195, 184,186-189,192-193,195-198, 203-204,206-208,215,219,225, 201-211, 213,215-216, 219, 228-231,243-244,248,252-255, 260,264 221-222,224-226,228-229,232, NKVD (also People’s Commissariat of 235-238,242,246-247,268-272 Ordzhonikidzevskaya pravda, 36,85-86 the Interior), 30-31, 33, 85,110, 113,144,181,191,232,239,241 North Ossetia, 8,18,154,167,255 note (diplomatic), 162-163 Pale of Settlement, 4-5,138 Pamfilov, Konstantin, 25-26 partisans, 19n60,23,92-93,133
Index People s Commissariat of the Interior, see NKVD pogrom, 3,6-8,122-123,163 Poland, xix, 64,82 police, 218 Politburo, 25,62n20,116 possessions, 39,43,49,92,132,135136,148-149,172,178-181,184, 189-190,201-202,204,248 postcard,xxiv,69, 111, 138,145,168, 213,272-273 Pravda, xxv, 63,75,78,85,123,125,131, 151-152,185,230,252,255 218,220,225-229,232,238,240, 244-245,248,250,252,254, 256-257,260 refugee, xvii, xix-xxiii, 25,27-33,35-37, 39-41,53,66,87-89,91,96,99, 105-106,140,142,149,151,161, 167,169,171-172,177,183-185, 201,219,237,240,243-244, 248-249 region, xiv-xvii, xix-xxv, 4-5,7-9,2324,26-36,38,40-41,48-51, 53֊ 54,60-61,66,77,79-80, 87-88, 91,93,101,106,109-110,115,120, ProfessorMamlock, 62,77,83-84 124-126,133-134,143-144,154, propaganda, xviii, xxv, ЗО, 36-37, 61-62, 163,169,177,179,183-184,191, 64-65,67,70-71,74-75,77-78, 194-197,199,208,215,225,227, 83-84,90,92,95,99,122-128, 130-132,137-138,140-141, 230,233-236,238-239,243-245, 144-146,148,150-151,157-158, 166,169,174,176,180,185-186, 194-195,199,207-209,219-220, 247-249,252-254,256,261 registration, 25nl0,43-45,51,122, 160-161,163,195 relative, xxi, 72,94-95,100,104-105, 227.237.240.245.252- 253 property, xix, xxii, 5,24ո4,43,52-53,64, 109,123,133,135,139,142-143, 145,149,154,160,162,168-169, 128,131,153,185,190ո68,204 province, 4-7 171-176,178,186-190,192, Pyatigorsk, 34-35,43,47-50 218,223-224,229,232,237-238, 246,248,258 racism, 63,70-71 radio, 36,62,69,76,78,124,127,130, 142,162,175-176,195,203-204, 209.214.226.244.252- 253 Ramat Gan, 13 Red Army (also Soviet army; Soviet 196-197,200,202,204,209-210, Remezov,
Fedor, 99,124 resettlement, xvii, 24,28,31,44 Reuters, 124 Revolution, 6,10,120,122,133-134 Rogovskoe, 17-18,20,22,250-251,256, 260,262 forces), xiii-xvi, xx, 19-20,24—26, Romania, 59,65,231,243 29-30,32,34,37,40-41,65,67, Rash Hashana, 90 75,88-89,91-92,94,98,115,117, Rostov Gorky Theater, 62,77,83-84, 119-121,123-124,126-127,129, 133,141,143-146,151,157-158, 161,165,170n32,175-177,181, 103,221 Rostov University, 152 Rostov-on-Don (also Rostov), passim 185,187,193-194,196-197, 199,201,203,206,209,212,216, RSFSR, 26,36n49,171n34,243nl66 Ruoff, Richard, 254 293
294 Index Russian Holocaust Center, 89,102,203, 220,235,237nl54 Schiller, Friedrich, 38 Schneerson, Sholom Dov-Ber, 6 scorched land, 23-24 Seleznev, Petr, 110,239 Serbia, 64 Sevastopol, xiii-xiv, 41,110,194,227, 244-245 Shvernik, Nikolai, 25-26, ЗІпЗІ Siberia, 12n53, 71, 87,110 siege, 100,115,121-122,150,157,190, 226,228,246 Simferopol, 108 Sisters-in-Arms, 147 Slovakia, 59 Smolensk, 31n34 Socialist Revolutionary, 6,10 Sonderkommando, 106,118,255-256 Soviet army, see Red Army Sovinformburo, 203,227,252,255 Sovkhoz(-es), 54n91,241,246,250, 256-257 Spartacus, 147 spy, 19n60,32,66,99,120,134,142, 152,161,234 SS, 73,243,256 Stalin, Joseph, xvi, 8,11-12, 66-67, 69n46,122,141,219-223,231 State Defense Committee, 231 Stalinabad, 120 Stalingrad, xiv, 105,169,222,242 Stalino (Donetsk), 103 stanitsa, 33,35n57,51-52, 54,87,92, 134,25ІПІ87,256 starosta, 42,53 starvation, xxiii, 40,64,192,194,211 State Defense Committee, xiv, 26,231,233 Stavropol, 8-9,28,30-33,35-36,42, 44,48-50,52-53,60nl4,82-83, 85-86,93,105,133,140,166-167, 196n77,212nl07,243-244,248, 253,255 Sukkot, 96 synagogue, 6, 64, 96 Taganrog, xiii, 4-5,97,102-103,106, 108,113,115,121,125-127,146, 151,184-185,206-208,211 Tale of the Fisher and the Fish, the, 156 Talmudei Tora, 6 TASS, 208,228,253 telegram, xxiv, 50ո65, 57, 83,135, 141-142,145,148,152,159,164, 166,168-169,173,231,266, 268-269-271 terror, 12,29,54ո91,151,180 theater, 62-63,65,71,74,79,93,147, 150,153,156,161-162,164,199, 201,221,232,238,252 Timoshenkov, Konstantin, 110 Times, The, 124 transport (also transportation), xxiii, 40-41,89,161,165,244,249 Tula, 26
Turkey, 125 Ukraine, 8,28,31,33,37-38,51,65,75, 82,91,98,103,131,163,165 United Kingdom, 82,124 United States, 78,82,124,127,131,234 Uzbekistan, 105 Vladikavkaz, see Ordzhonikidze Voenkomat (see Military Commissariat), 211,214 Volga, 34,253-254 Voronezh, 248, Vyshynsky, Andrei, 11 Waffen SS, 243 Warsaw, 63,166-167
Index White Russian, 7 Washington Post, xxv, 108,117,125, 157-158,193,225-226,230,236, World War 1,4,7-8,24,38,95,137 248-249,254 World War II, xiii, xv-xvi, xx, 7, 9, 38,60, Wehrmacht, xiii-xiv, xvi, xix, xxii-xxiii, 7, 75n67,82,109,121 26,30-31,33,35-36,38,40-41,48, 51-54,65,73-75,78-79,82-84, 88,90,92,95,97-100,102-103, Yad Vashem, ix, xv, xxvi, 10,13-22, 59, 81,170,205,222,224,256-257 142-144,146,152,154-155,171, Yiddish, 6,96,137-138,155 Yom Kippur War, 13 185,194,199-200,203,207,225, Yom Kippur, 90,93 105,109-111,115-119,126,140, 228,233-234,236,240-245,251, Zionism, 7 253,255,261,263-264 _ Beyeritcfte St»riibłtrttołh#k V München 295
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Table of Contents Preface Family Tree Timeline Introduction ix xi xiii xv PART ONE Historical Background Chapter 1.1. The Ginsburg Family in the North Caucasus Chapter 1.2. Soviet Population Evacuation into the North Caucasus, 1941-1942 Chapter 1.3. The Holocaust in the North Caucasus 1 3 23 42 PART TWO The Ginsburg Family Correspondence Chapter 2. 1941 Chapter 3. 1942-1943 55 57 157 Conclusion 263 List of Letters in the Ginsburg Collection List of Abbreviations Bibliography Index 266 274 275 287
Bibliography ARCHIVAL SOURCES Jerusalem, Israel 1. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Department of Oral History (ICJ, DOH) Collection of oral testimonies 2. YadVashem Archive (YVA) Collection TR.10, Trials of Nazi criminals in Western Germany. Prove nance: Z/s Ludwigsburg Collection 0.3, Testimonies of the Holocaust survivors Collection 0.75, Letters Collection M.31, Righteous among the Gentiles Collection M.33, Extraordinary State Commission. Provenance: Moscow, Russia. Collection M.35, Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Collection M.37, Selected records from the Ukrainian Archives Collection M.40, Selected records from the Russian Archives Collection P.21, Ilya Erenburg s archive Hall of Names (YVHN) Moscow, Russia 1. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation, GARF) Fond 7021, Chrezvychainaia Gosudarstvennaia Kommissiia po ustanovleniiu і rassledovaniiu zlodeianii nemetsko-fashistskikh zakhvatchikov і ikh soobshchnikov і prichinennogo imi ushcherba grazhdanam, kolkhozam, obshchestvennym organizatsiiam і uchrezhdeniiam (Extraordinary State Commission on Reporting and Investigating the Atrocities of the German
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Index Alexander II, 5 Black Hundreds, 6,122 Alma-Ata, 12-13, 89nll4,104-107, Black Sea, 3 Bolshevik Party (also VKP(b)), 18,25, 111, 135,137-138, 142,148, 150-151,156,158-160,165,167, 30,32-34,36,54n91,93nl27,99, 169,171,178,180, 187-188,191, 101,109-110,133,194,199,215, 195,209, 211, 214,218,222, 231, 233-234,239 Central Committee, 25,62n20,67, 233,242, 245,259n209,26ln213, 266-273 Alperin, A., 7 Anti-Semitism, xx, 6-8, 29-31, 63, 122nl92 Anton Ivanovich is Angry, 156 apartment, 45,46n29,48-49,104, 122,127,148,154,168,177,179, 184-188,191,193,204,242 Army Group Center (also Heeresegruppe Süd), 65,75,242-243 Army Group South, 65 116,194,203n88,264nl Rostov District Committee, 61,65, 67,97,129-130,149,185,264 Bolshevik (newspaper), 36 Bolshevik, ххііпіб, 6-11, 62,70,114, 128,152 bombardment, xiii, xx, xxii, 41,66,74, 76,79,81-82, 89,98-99,106,112, 137,148,182,241,244,246 bourgeois, 4 Budennovsk, xiii, 18,20-21,104-109, Ashkenazi Jews, 4,38 111-113,115-116,120,132n218, atrocities, 120-121,124,128,131,133, 135-142,145,147,149n253,154, 134,137-138,141,143,148,151, 181,237,242,266,268 158,160,165,206,231,249 Auschwitz, 234 Caspian Sea, 60,112 Babi Yar, 131 Caucasus, passim CentralAsia, xv, 85, 105-106,112-113, Baku, 60,112,173,245 Baltimore Sun, The, 127 120,148,211-212,253,265 Chechnya, 39,255 Ban, 5,1 ln48,34,62,73n60,76,78,83, Cherkessk, 42-49 146,183,264 Batum, 245 children, xiii, xxiii, 3, 12-13,16, 20, 25, 28,35,39,45-46,66,73-74,76, 80-81,86,88,95-97,104,106, Belorussia, 31n34,33,75,138 Big Terror, 11-12 110-113,120,125,128,135,145,
288 Index 148-149,151,154,159-160,163, Dagoe Island, 103 177,180,182,184,187,197,204, Daily Mail, 124 249,252 Civil War (Russian), 4,6-7,9,11,92, 137 district, xiii-xiv, 5, 8,14-18, 20-22, 28, 32,36,38,61-62,65-69,80, 88, 97,102,105-106,126,129-130, collaborators, 9,47, 52-53,120, 142-143,147-149,151,152,171, 126-129,134,144,149, 256 Collectivization, 8 183,185,190-191,208,231, 241, commission (military or medical), 209, 211,216 Commission for Evacuation (Komissiya 243,246,248,250-253,255,264 Donets Basin, 75,93,103,108,177 draft, see conscription Dvinsky, Boris, 69n48,99,149,157,264 po evakuatsii), 26 community, 6,42,47, 231 Einsatzgruppe(-n), 50,52,88,106,144, conscription (also draft; enrollment), xvi, 30,60-61,67,70,80,86,89,117, 255 Empire, 3-6, 8,114 171,191,193,195-197,199,201, employment, employed, xvii-xix, xxii, 210-217,237 correspondence, xiii, xv-xvi, xxi, xxiiixxiv, 9,11-14,16,18,20,57,68-69, 72-73, 80-81,85, 96,102,108,137, 155,172,174,181,212,219,221, 11ո48,14-15,18-19,25ո7,27, 31ո34, 35,40,48, 51, 100, 116, 130, 135-136, 139, 148, 154, 160, 173-174, 185, 189, 191, 193, 199, 201-202, 211, 218, 246-247, 259,263,266-273 Cossack, 4-5,7-9,28n22,33,35 Cossackdom, 5 250-251, 257 encirclement, 91,119, 223 enrollment, see conscription council (sovet), xiii, 5,19ո60,24-28,31, Erenburg, Ilya, 101 ЗбпбО, 42-43,45,47,49, 54ո94, 60ո14, 68, 97, 99, 105-106, 112, 118, 25ІПІ89, 255 Council for Evacuation, xiii, 25-28, 31, 105-106 Council of the Peoples Commissars (also Sovet Narodnykh Komissarov, SNK), 25-26,28n22,32n39,34n49,142, 171n34,185n61,243nl66 counter-offensive,
xiii, 120,133,157, 208,228,240 Crimea, xiii-xiv, 34,75,103,108,110, 157-158,225-227,231-232,236, 244-245 Croatia, 59 curfew, 61,100 escape, xviin4, xix, xxi-xxiii, 25, 28, 31, 40-41,66,71,84,89,91,105-106, 108-109, 111, Ш, 115,133,139, 145,150-152,154-155,163, 172,182-183,198,208,219,243, 246-249,251,264 Essentuki, 29,34-35,42-50,136, 139-140,145,148,154 Estonia, 31n34 evacuation permit (also evacuation authorization), 40,104-105, 109, 112,115,132,139,145,147-149, 161,175,178,180-181,183,193, 199,244,247,261 evacuation, xiii-xxiii, xxv, 12-13,17-21, 23-41,71-72, 80,85-88, 90,
Index 92-97,99-100,103-110,113-116, 120,123,132-133,135-140,142, 144-149,151,155,158-161, 163-166,169,171ո34,175-186, 188,190-194,197,199,202,204, 216,219,221-222,233-234,241, 243-244,246-248,251-252, 261,265 evacuee, xvii-xxiii, 21,25-35,37, 39-40,47,53,72, 80,86-88,92, 99-100,106,108,112,111-116, 137-138,140,142,149,153,155, 158,162,166-169, 171-174,177, 179,183-185,187-188,190-191, 193-194,198,201-202,204,222, 232,237-238,243,251,263,265 Extermination Battalions, xiii-xiv, 18-19, 61-62, 72,113,116-117,181,191, 212,235,247 Extraordinary State Commission (also ESC), 35n57,43,45,51,121 Fascism, 32,70-71,74, 86,92,98-99, 120,122,125-128,134,138,141, 143,151,153,163,165,167,170, 173,181,192,199,206,208-209, 231,252-253,259 fuel, 28,32,113,139,148,153-160, 187-190 Feuchtwanger, Lion The Oppermanns, 63 “Final Solution,” 67,76-77 Finland, 59 flight, xvii, xx, xxii, 39,41,94,105,134, 148,186,204,237,240-242,252 food, xix, xxiii, 7,11ո48,15,27-29, 32, 40, 47, 49, 52, 80, 100, 116, 135-136, 145, 147, 151, 155, 160, 167-168, 172, 174, 182-184, 187-193, 201-202, 206, 210-211, 221-222, 231, 241, 247, 251, 253 fortress, 5, 98, 101, 194 Frog Soldiers, 71 Geľfand, Vladimir, 29 generation, xvi, 3,6,13,17,20,63,95, 104-105,107,114,155,182,221, 224,231,264 ghetto, 42-44,47,63-64,167 Ginsburg family Chazkewitzs Elizaveta (Liza), xxvi, 3, 12-13,15-18,57-58, 66-67,71-74,77, 80-81, 83,85-86,89-91, 93-97,103-119,123,125, 131-133,135-148,150, 153,156-162,164-167, 171-183,186-190,195200,204-209,213-215, 217-221,225,229-233, 238-242,245-251,256, 259,261,266-273 Boris, 15-16,57n3,74,81, 86,
89-90,93,99,266 Efim, xv-xvi, xxvi, 3, 9-15,18, 57-59,66-68,70-74,77, 80-81, 83,85-87,89-91, 93-96,106-108,111,113115,120,123,131,135-139, 141-143,145,148-151,153, 156,158-161,164-166,168, 170-175,177-179,186-187, 190,194-195,197-200, 204,206,210-211,213-216, 218,221-224,226,229, 231-233,235-236,238-240, 242,245,248,259,261,265, 266-273 Gedaliya, 3,9,14-15 Greeners Avraham, 14,20 289
290 Index Anna (Anya), xxvi, З,12-18, 20, 57-58,73, 80,90,97,105-109, 111,114-115,119,125, 131-133,135-144,146-147, 150,153,156-157,159-162, 164-167,172-183,186-187, 189-190,197-198,200,204֊ 207,209,213,215,219-221, 225,229,231,233,238,242, 246-247,251,259,261 Hanna-Rachel, 3,14 Ida (née Dektor), 13 Manya (Monya), 3,13-14,17, 21,66, 74,104,106, 111, 145,160,173, 197-198,209,227,232,242,256 Meerovichs Grigory (Grisha), 14,17-18, 21-22, 58,66,80,86,195,209-210, 223,232,256 Tamara, xiii-xiv, 14, 17-18,21, 57-59,66,83,104,106,111, 113-117,119-120,123, 132n218,135-139,141-142, 145,148,153,158-162, 164-174,177-178,180-182, 184-187,189, 191-196,198, 201-203,206-211,213-217, 219,221-224,226-227, 229-230,232,235-236-237, 241,245-251,256,259,266, 268-272 Vladimir (Volodya), xiii-xiv, xvi, 12,17-19,72,95-96,104, 109,112-113,115-117,130, 135,138,141,148,159-161, 164-165,170-171,175,177, 179-184,186-189,191-193, 195,197-199,201,206,210214,216-219,221,223-227, 230,232,236,247,259-261, 270,273 Pinchas (Pinya), 14,17 Pinchos Anna (Anya or Anechka), 19-21, 66, 80,86,107,180,201, 204-205,211,214,223-224 David (Dod or Doda), xiii-xiv, 14,19-20,81,85-86,89,93, 104,117,136,148,169-170, 180,186-187,195,200-201, 204-205,209,211,214-215, 219,223-224,247,250,256 Tsylya, xiii-xiv, 14,19-21,66, 104,106,111-114,119,123, 135-137,140,145,147-149, 153-155,158,160,167, 169-173,180,186-187,192, 195-196,200-202,204-205, 208-209,211,214,221, 223-224,247,250-251,256, 259,268-271 Glavlit, 76,78 God, 214,221,229,240 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 38 government, xvii, 5,11,23-28,31-32,
60,62-63,68-70,73,78-79,90,92, 106,110,116,126,142,163,167, 184-185,203n88,250 Grozny, 39, 60 Great Purges, 12 Gypsies, 131 harvest, 248 Hebrew, 155 higher education, 34,65,74,88,152,196 Hitler, Adolf, 29,63,74-77,86,91,95, 131,136,142,146-147,157, 219,223,225,229,231,233, 243nl65,245 Holocaust, xv, xxi-xxii, 13-14,36, 41-54,142,154,265 Hungary, 59
Index “Ьі liberated Rostov” 150-151 indemnity, 47-48 information, xviii-xxii, xxiv-xxv, 10-14,19, 28, 36-38,41,64-65, 68-69,73,76-79, 85,91, 94, 99, 103,105,110-111,113-115, 123-124,128-129, 131,133,136, 142, 151-153,158-159,166-167, 170, 176, 180-181,186,193-195, 197-199, 201,203-204,206-207, 210, 226-228, 232,234,240, 243nl66, 245, 248-249,252-253, 260, 264 Iran, 117 Iraq, 60 Israel, 13 Italy, 59 Ivanchenko, G., 109 Izvestiya, xxv, 73,75,77,79,92,94-95, 122-123,125,129,230 Jewish Council (яко Judenrat), 42-45, 47-49,118,255 Judaism, 6, 90, 137-138, 207 Judenrat, see Jewish Council Kabardino-Balkaria, 8,255 Kaganovich, Lazar, 8,26nl2 Kalinin (city), 26 Kalinin, Mikhail, 92nl25 kantonisty, 5 Kazakhstan, 13,105 Kerch, xiv, 117,157-159,225-228,230, 232,235-236,245 Kharitonov, 124 Kharkov, xiv, 41,103, 227-228, 232, 238 Kiev, xiii, 82,91,122,131,163 Kislovodsk, 33-34,42-43,45-51 Kleist, Ewald, von, 118,243nl65,254 kolkhozes, 54ո91,91,112 Komsomol, 25, 67, 77-78, 128-129, 175, 196, 234 Krasnodar, 8,18,27-28,31-37,40, 42-45,49-51,70,85,108,110, 122,192,231,233,239,243-244, 251-253,255 Ladoga, 34 Latvia, 31 ո34 Lenin, Vladimir, 11 Leningrad, xxi, 25n8,31n34,34-35, 38n71,40,65,196n75,243 letter, passim Liberation, 73,120,126-127,131, 133-134,141,151,219,252,256, 258,263 Liverpool Daily Post, The, 124 Lvov, 86 Maikop, 60,231,233-234 Makhachkala, 103,112 Manchester Guardian, The, 124 Mariupol, 98-99, 111, 114-115,211 Marxism-Leninism, 71,92 media, xviii-xx, xxiv-xxv, 36, 39, 61, 6768,71,74-79,83-84,91-92,94,98, 100-101,103,117,120-122,124, 126,130-131,133,151-152,158,
163,167,175,180,203,225,228, 230.244.248.264 Menshevik, 10-11 Mikoyanshakhar, 43-48, Mineralnye vody, 44-45, 50,112 Minsk, 75 Molot, xxv, 36,60-61,64,68,70,74, 76,79,83-84,92-93,97-99,101, 106,123-125,127-131,131,140, 142-149,152-153,155,157,159, 161-163,165,183,203-204,206, 218.231.264 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 152,163 291
292 Index Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Soviet-German Pact of Non-Aggression), xiii, 62 Novocherkassk, 253-255 Novorossiisk, 42,44nl7,49 Moscow,xiii, xxnlO, 10-13, 26,57-58, 65,69,71-72,74-76,79,86,92, ObKhSS, 165,167 98,103,106,122,126,142,157, occupation, xv-xviii, xx-xxi, xiii, 7, 9,17, 200-201,230-231,239,242,248, 22-23,30,32-33,35,37-38,42, 266-267,273 44-46,48-52,54,64n30,76-77, Mountain Jews, 4-9 movement (of population), 48, 53, 61, 66,68,87,100,159,165,167,178, 182,192,218 Murmansk, 31n34 Nalchik, 33n43, 39,46-48 New York Herald Tribune, 124 New York Times, The, xxv, 63,77,91, 102-103,121,124-125,193, 227- 228,245,253 New York Sun, The, 127 79, 88,91,93,95,97,102-103, 105-106,109-111,118-119,121125,127-133,137,140,142,144, 146,148-151,153-154,156,158, 160,162,165-166,173,175-176, 178-179, 182,185,191-192,194, 199-200,207-208,218,239-240, 244,247,249,251,255-257,259, 261-262,264 Odessa, 3-4,6,9,14-15,85, 92,122, 194 offensive, xxii, 82,87,117,124,126n202, news, xviii-xix, xxii, xxv, 60, 67,73, 77, 130,157,161,177,193,201,203, 79,83,85-86,88-89,91,99,108, 206-207,225,228, 232,238,241, 113,115,120,123,126-127,129, 132-133,141,150,152,156,159, 168-171,175-177,186-187,195, 198,202,204,209,214,218,221, 245,251-252 oil, xiv, 60,77,103,117,192-193, 225-226,230-231,233,236,239, 226-227,229-230,238,248,253, 242-243,245,250nl85,253 Omsk, 12,71,74,87,111,142,267 259,261 Operation Blau, xiv, 236,242 newspaper, xxv, 7,36,60-62,64-65, 67-70,74,76-79,82-85,92-94, 98-103,105-106,108-111,120, 122-123-126,128-133,139,144, 146-147,149,152,156,158,161- Oppenheim Family, The, 63
Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz), 18-22, 36, 54n91,104,135,138,145, 149-150,152-155,158-160,162֊ 164,166-172,175,177,179-181, 163,165-167,175-176,183,195, 184,186-189,192-193,195-198, 203-204,206-208,215,219,225, 201-211, 213,215-216, 219, 228-231,243-244,248,252-255, 260,264 221-222,224-226,228-229,232, NKVD (also People’s Commissariat of 235-238,242,246-247,268-272 Ordzhonikidzevskaya pravda, 36,85-86 the Interior), 30-31, 33, 85,110, 113,144,181,191,232,239,241 North Ossetia, 8,18,154,167,255 note (diplomatic), 162-163 Pale of Settlement, 4-5,138 Pamfilov, Konstantin, 25-26 partisans, 19n60,23,92-93,133
Index People s Commissariat of the Interior, see NKVD pogrom, 3,6-8,122-123,163 Poland, xix, 64,82 police, 218 Politburo, 25,62n20,116 possessions, 39,43,49,92,132,135136,148-149,172,178-181,184, 189-190,201-202,204,248 postcard,xxiv,69, 111, 138,145,168, 213,272-273 Pravda, xxv, 63,75,78,85,123,125,131, 151-152,185,230,252,255 218,220,225-229,232,238,240, 244-245,248,250,252,254, 256-257,260 refugee, xvii, xix-xxiii, 25,27-33,35-37, 39-41,53,66,87-89,91,96,99, 105-106,140,142,149,151,161, 167,169,171-172,177,183-185, 201,219,237,240,243-244, 248-249 region, xiv-xvii, xix-xxv, 4-5,7-9,2324,26-36,38,40-41,48-51, 53֊ 54,60-61,66,77,79-80, 87-88, 91,93,101,106,109-110,115,120, ProfessorMamlock, 62,77,83-84 124-126,133-134,143-144,154, propaganda, xviii, xxv, ЗО, 36-37, 61-62, 163,169,177,179,183-184,191, 64-65,67,70-71,74-75,77-78, 194-197,199,208,215,225,227, 83-84,90,92,95,99,122-128, 130-132,137-138,140-141, 230,233-236,238-239,243-245, 144-146,148,150-151,157-158, 166,169,174,176,180,185-186, 194-195,199,207-209,219-220, 247-249,252-254,256,261 registration, 25nl0,43-45,51,122, 160-161,163,195 relative, xxi, 72,94-95,100,104-105, 227.237.240.245.252- 253 property, xix, xxii, 5,24ո4,43,52-53,64, 109,123,133,135,139,142-143, 145,149,154,160,162,168-169, 128,131,153,185,190ո68,204 province, 4-7 171-176,178,186-190,192, Pyatigorsk, 34-35,43,47-50 218,223-224,229,232,237-238, 246,248,258 racism, 63,70-71 radio, 36,62,69,76,78,124,127,130, 142,162,175-176,195,203-204, 209.214.226.244.252- 253 Ramat Gan, 13 Red Army (also Soviet army; Soviet 196-197,200,202,204,209-210, Remezov,
Fedor, 99,124 resettlement, xvii, 24,28,31,44 Reuters, 124 Revolution, 6,10,120,122,133-134 Rogovskoe, 17-18,20,22,250-251,256, 260,262 forces), xiii-xvi, xx, 19-20,24—26, Romania, 59,65,231,243 29-30,32,34,37,40-41,65,67, Rash Hashana, 90 75,88-89,91-92,94,98,115,117, Rostov Gorky Theater, 62,77,83-84, 119-121,123-124,126-127,129, 133,141,143-146,151,157-158, 161,165,170n32,175-177,181, 103,221 Rostov University, 152 Rostov-on-Don (also Rostov), passim 185,187,193-194,196-197, 199,201,203,206,209,212,216, RSFSR, 26,36n49,171n34,243nl66 Ruoff, Richard, 254 293
294 Index Russian Holocaust Center, 89,102,203, 220,235,237nl54 Schiller, Friedrich, 38 Schneerson, Sholom Dov-Ber, 6 scorched land, 23-24 Seleznev, Petr, 110,239 Serbia, 64 Sevastopol, xiii-xiv, 41,110,194,227, 244-245 Shvernik, Nikolai, 25-26, ЗІпЗІ Siberia, 12n53, 71, 87,110 siege, 100,115,121-122,150,157,190, 226,228,246 Simferopol, 108 Sisters-in-Arms, 147 Slovakia, 59 Smolensk, 31n34 Socialist Revolutionary, 6,10 Sonderkommando, 106,118,255-256 Soviet army, see Red Army Sovinformburo, 203,227,252,255 Sovkhoz(-es), 54n91,241,246,250, 256-257 Spartacus, 147 spy, 19n60,32,66,99,120,134,142, 152,161,234 SS, 73,243,256 Stalin, Joseph, xvi, 8,11-12, 66-67, 69n46,122,141,219-223,231 State Defense Committee, 231 Stalinabad, 120 Stalingrad, xiv, 105,169,222,242 Stalino (Donetsk), 103 stanitsa, 33,35n57,51-52, 54,87,92, 134,25ІПІ87,256 starosta, 42,53 starvation, xxiii, 40,64,192,194,211 State Defense Committee, xiv, 26,231,233 Stavropol, 8-9,28,30-33,35-36,42, 44,48-50,52-53,60nl4,82-83, 85-86,93,105,133,140,166-167, 196n77,212nl07,243-244,248, 253,255 Sukkot, 96 synagogue, 6, 64, 96 Taganrog, xiii, 4-5,97,102-103,106, 108,113,115,121,125-127,146, 151,184-185,206-208,211 Tale of the Fisher and the Fish, the, 156 Talmudei Tora, 6 TASS, 208,228,253 telegram, xxiv, 50ո65, 57, 83,135, 141-142,145,148,152,159,164, 166,168-169,173,231,266, 268-269-271 terror, 12,29,54ո91,151,180 theater, 62-63,65,71,74,79,93,147, 150,153,156,161-162,164,199, 201,221,232,238,252 Timoshenkov, Konstantin, 110 Times, The, 124 transport (also transportation), xxiii, 40-41,89,161,165,244,249 Tula, 26
Turkey, 125 Ukraine, 8,28,31,33,37-38,51,65,75, 82,91,98,103,131,163,165 United Kingdom, 82,124 United States, 78,82,124,127,131,234 Uzbekistan, 105 Vladikavkaz, see Ordzhonikidze Voenkomat (see Military Commissariat), 211,214 Volga, 34,253-254 Voronezh, 248, Vyshynsky, Andrei, 11 Waffen SS, 243 Warsaw, 63,166-167
Index White Russian, 7 Washington Post, xxv, 108,117,125, 157-158,193,225-226,230,236, World War 1,4,7-8,24,38,95,137 248-249,254 World War II, xiii, xv-xvi, xx, 7, 9, 38,60, Wehrmacht, xiii-xiv, xvi, xix, xxii-xxiii, 7, 75n67,82,109,121 26,30-31,33,35-36,38,40-41,48, 51-54,65,73-75,78-79,82-84, 88,90,92,95,97-100,102-103, Yad Vashem, ix, xv, xxvi, 10,13-22, 59, 81,170,205,222,224,256-257 142-144,146,152,154-155,171, Yiddish, 6,96,137-138,155 Yom Kippur War, 13 185,194,199-200,203,207,225, Yom Kippur, 90,93 105,109-111,115-119,126,140, 228,233-234,236,240-245,251, Zionism, 7 253,255,261,263-264 _ Beyeritcfte St»riibłtrttołh#k V München 295 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Feferman, Ḳiril 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1103161385 |
| author_facet | Feferman, Ḳiril 1970- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Feferman, Ḳiril 1970- |
| author_variant | ḳ f ḳf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046757784 |
| contents | Historical Background -- The Ginsburg Family in the North Caucasus -- Soviet Population Evacuation into the North Caucasus, 1941-42 -- The Holocaust in the North Caucasus -- The Ginsburg Family Correspondence -- 1941 -- 1942-43 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1190675084 (DE-599)BVBBV046757784 |
| era | Geschichte 1941-1943 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1941-1943 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4146609-3 Briefsammlung 1941-1943 gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Briefsammlung 1941-1943 |
| geographic | Rostow am Don (DE-588)4122720-7 gnd Kaukasus Nord (DE-588)4260398-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rostow am Don Kaukasus Nord |
| id | DE-604.BV046757784 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:43:39Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:52:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781644692912 9781644692905 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032167394 |
| oclc_num | 1190675084 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M352 DE-12 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-M352 DE-12 DE-83 |
| physical | xxvi, 295 Seiten Illustrationen, genealogische Tafel |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200928 DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Academic Studies Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Jews of Russia and Eastern Europe and their legacy |
| spelling | Feferman, Ḳiril 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)1103161385 aut "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 Kiril Feferman Boston Academic Studies Press 2020 xxvi, 295 Seiten Illustrationen, genealogische Tafel txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Jews of Russia and Eastern Europe and their legacy Historical Background -- The Ginsburg Family in the North Caucasus -- Soviet Population Evacuation into the North Caucasus, 1941-42 -- The Holocaust in the North Caucasus -- The Ginsburg Family Correspondence -- 1941 -- 1942-43 "This is the first work, not only in English, that offers overarching exploration of the flight and evacuation of Soviet Jews viewed at the macro level but mostly at the family level. It is also the first study to examine Jewish life in this historiographically hitherto-neglected Soviet region. The appearance of such a book is timely because of a recent resurgence of interest in the Caucasus and continuing interest in the Holocaust and the Second World War. The book is supposed to make a significant contribution to the history of the Holocaust and Second World War in the Soviet Union elucidating the hitherto largely neglected dimension of Jewish life and evacuation."-- Ginzburg Familie 19. u. 20. Jh. (DE-588)101929888X gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1941-1943 gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd rswk-swf Rostow am Don (DE-588)4122720-7 gnd rswk-swf Kaukasus Nord (DE-588)4260398-5 gnd rswk-swf Ginsberg family / Correspondence Ginsburg, Efim / 1897-1973 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Caucasus, Northern World War, 1939-1945 / Caucasus, Northern Jews / Persecutions / Soviet Union / History / 20th century Rostov-na-Donu (Russia) / Biography Ginsberg family Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) World War (1939-1945) Jews / Persecutions Russia (Federation) / Northern Caucasus Russia (Federation) / Rostov-na-Donu Soviet Union 1900-1999 Biographies History Personal correspondence (DE-588)4146609-3 Briefsammlung 1941-1943 gnd-content Ginzburg Familie 19. u. 20. Jh. (DE-588)101929888X p DE-604 Rostow am Don (DE-588)4122720-7 g Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 s Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Geschichte 1941-1943 z Kaukasus Nord (DE-588)4260398-5 g Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-64469-292-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-64469-352-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032167394&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032167394&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032167394&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Feferman, Ḳiril 1970- "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 Historical Background -- The Ginsburg Family in the North Caucasus -- Soviet Population Evacuation into the North Caucasus, 1941-42 -- The Holocaust in the North Caucasus -- The Ginsburg Family Correspondence -- 1941 -- 1942-43 Ginzburg Familie 19. u. 20. Jh. (DE-588)101929888X gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)101929888X (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4028814-6 (DE-588)4122720-7 (DE-588)4260398-5 (DE-588)4146609-3 |
| title | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 |
| title_auth | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 |
| title_exact_search | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 |
| title_full | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 Kiril Feferman |
| title_fullStr | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 Kiril Feferman |
| title_full_unstemmed | "If we had wings we would fly to you" a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 Kiril Feferman |
| title_short | "If we had wings we would fly to you" |
| title_sort | if we had wings we would fly to you a soviet jewish family faces destruction 1941 42 |
| title_sub | a Soviet Jewish family faces destruction, 1941-42 |
| topic | Ginzburg Familie 19. u. 20. Jh. (DE-588)101929888X gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ginzburg Familie 19. u. 20. Jh. Judenvernichtung Judenverfolgung Rostow am Don Kaukasus Nord Briefsammlung 1941-1943 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032167394&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032167394&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032167394&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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