Historical linguistics: a cognitive grammar introduction
"This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an introductory course in linguistics. Secondly, unlike many such textbooks, this one is based in the t...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam ; Philadelphia
John Benjamins Publishing Company
2020
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an introductory course in linguistics. Secondly, unlike many such textbooks, this one is based in the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, a semantics-based theory which emphasizes the relationship between cognition and language. Descriptions and explanations touch on cognitive, social, and physiological aspects of language as it changes across time. Examples come principally from Germanic (English, German, Yiddish) and Romance (French and Spanish), but with some exploration of aspects of the history of other languages as well. Each chapter concludes with exercises based on material in the chapter and also with suggestions for extensions of the content to wider issues in diachronic linguistics"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 241 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9789027205506 9789027205513 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of contents List of figures XIII Preface XV Acknowledgments XVII CHAPTER 1 What is language change? 1. Introduction і 2. Characteristics of language 4 2.1 The human element 4 2.2 Arbitrariness 4 2.3 Creativity 5 2.4 Physicality 6 3. Change 6 3.1 Life cycles 6 3.2 What changes? 9 4. Evidence of change 11 5. Cognitive Grammar as a framework 6. Book overview 17 7. Conclusion 20 Exercises 20 For further investigation 22 1 15 CHAPTER 2 Studying change 1. Overview 23 2. Uniformitarianism 24 3. Coincidence and universals 24 3.1 Pure coincidence 25 3.2 Universals 26 3.2.1 Absolute universals 26 3.2.2 Relative universals 28 4. Genetic relationships and families 29 4.1 The Genealogical (Tree) model 29 4.2 The wave model 32 4.3 Contemporary approaches 34 5. Contact among languages 35 5.1 Kinds of contact 35 23
viii Historical Linguistics 5.2 Stratal influence 38 5.3 Areal influence 41 5.4 Pidgins and creoles 42 6. Conclusion 43 Exercises 44 For further investigation 45 CHAPTER 3 Lexical change 47 1. 2. Overview 47 Etymology 47 2.1 Basic vocabulary 48 2.2 Coinage 48 2.3 Lexical loss 52 3. The nature of meaning 53 4. More general trends 58 4.1 Generalization (widening) 58 4.2 Narrowing 58 4.3 Meliorization 59 4.4 Péjoration 60 4.5 Shift 62 4.6 Metaphor 63 4.7 Metonymy 66 5. Wider tendencies and causation 67 5.1 Root, epistemic, and speech act meaning 68 6. Conclusion 70 Exercises 71 For further investigation 71 CHAPTER 4 Phonetic change 1. Introduction 73 1.1 The scope of phonetics 73 2. A note on conventions and features 76 3. Unconditioned change 77 3.1 Simple changes 77 3.2 Complex changes: Chain shifts 78 3.3 Conclusion 80 4. Conditioned change 81 4.1 Positional conditioning 81 4.2 Conditioning by surrounding elements 4.2.x Segmental influence 84 73 84
Table of contents 4.2.2 Suprasegmental influence The wider context 91 5.1 Imitation and borrowing 92 5.2 Fortitions and lenitions 92 6. Consciousness of change 93 7. Conclusion 93 Exercises 94 For further investigation 95 89 5. CHAPTER 5 Phonological change 1. Introduction 97 1.1 Phonetics and phonology 97 1.2 The phoneme 98 1.3 Formalism 100 1.4 Summary 101 2. Processes of phonemic change 101 2.1 Merger 101 2.2 Split 103 2.2.1 Allophonic split 104 2.2.2 The creation of phonemes: Phonologization 3. Phonological change as recategorization 107 3.1 Individual changes 107 3.2 Phonemic inventories 110 3.2.1 Patterns 110 3.2.2 Features 113 4. Actuation and expansion of use 115 4.1 Actuation 115 4.2 Expansion of use 116 5. Conclusion 117 Exercises 117 For further investigation 118 97 105 CHAPTER 6 Morphological change 1. Introduction 119 1.1 Morphology and the morpheme 119 2. Word-level morphology 120 2.1 Coinage through affixes 121 2.2 Reanalysis across boundaries 122 3. Free and bound morphemes 123 3.1 Grammaticalization 124 119 ix
x Historical Linguistics 3.2 New free morphemes from bound 126 Analogical change 128 4.1 Examples 129 4.1.1 English plurals 129 4.1.2 English verbs 130 4.2 Kuryiowiczs paper on analogy 131 5. Paradigmatic and other systematic change 135 5.1 Series and semantically related words 135 5.2 Paradigmatic changes 137 5.3 A return to Sturtevants paradox 138 6. Concluding comments 140 Exercises 140 For further investigation 141 4. CHAPTER 7 Syntactic change 1. Introduction 143 1.1 The nature of syntax 143 1.2 Diachronic syntax 144 1.2.1 Structural approaches and feasibility 144 1.2.2 Reconstruction 144 1.2.3 What to do? 145 1.2.4 Rate of change 149 2. Word order 151 2.1 Simple word order change 151 2.2 Universals and universal tendencies 152 2.3 konicity 156 2.4 The analytic-synthetic cycle 159 3. Reanalysis and grammaticalization 161 3.1 The Latin and Romance passive 162 3.2 Complementation and subordinate clauses 163 4. Conclusions 165 Exercises 166 For further investigation 167 14Յ CHAPTER 8 Actuation and spread 1. Introduction 169 2. Actuation 170 3. Spread 172 3.1 Kinds of spread 172 3.2 The role of variation 173 169
3-2.1 Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog (1968) 173 3.2.2 Social marking 175 3.2.3 Marthas Vineyard 177 3.2.4 Other determiners 178 4. Lexical diffusion 179 5. The role of frequency and cognitive salience 180 6. When can we say that change has emerged from spread? 7. Conclusion 182 Exercises 183 For further investigation 183 181 CHAPTER 9 Methodology 1. Introduction: Theory and method 185 2. Text-based data 186 2.1 Philology 187 2.1.1 Definitions 187 2.1.2 Challenges 187 2.2 Corpus data and mining 190 3. Reconstruction 192 3.1 Underlying assumptions 192 3.1.1 Relationships among languages 192 3.1.2 The ultimate single form 192 3.1.3 The regularity hypothesis 193 3.1.4 Occam’s Razor 193 3.1.5 Hypothesis construction 193 3.2 Comparative reconstruction 194 3.2.1 Language family data 194 3.2.2 Correspondence sets 196 3.2.3 Testing the reconstruction 198 3.2.4 Limitations 199 3.3 Phylogenesis 199 3.4 Internal reconstruction 200 3.4.1 Some examples 201 3.4.2 Limitations 202 3.5 Syntactic reconstruction 203 3.6 Combining methods 204 3.7 Shortcomings and challenges in reconstruction 205 4. Philology and reconstruction compared and combined 206 5. Conclusion 208 Exercises 209 For further investigation 211
xii Historical Linguistics CHAPTER 10 Causation, prediction, and final remarks 1. Introduction 213 1.1 Generalizations about change and cognition 213 2. The potential for prediction 216 2.1 Aspects of change favoring prediction 217 2.1.1 Drift and typological co-occurrence 217 2.1.2 Typology, grammaticalization, and cyclical change 2.2 Processes which do not allow prediction 219 2.2.1 Emergence 219 2.2.2 Competition 219 2-3 Factors of change for further exploration 2.3.1 Genetic affiliation 220 2.3.2 Contact 221 2.3.3 The role of frequency 221 2.4 Summary 222 Fundamental causation 222 Biological causation 223 3-і Social causation 223 3-2 3-3 Cognitive causation 224 3.3.1 Phonological patterns 224 3.3.2 Grammatical patterns 225 3.3.3 Humboldts universal 226 3.3.4 Summary: Cognitive functioning 227 4. Language as a system 228 Exercises 229 For further investigation 230 213 218 References 231 Index 237
This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an introductory course in linguistics. Secondly, unlike many such textbooks, this one is based in the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, a semantics-based theory which emphasizes the relationship between cognition and language. Descriptions and explanations touch on cognitive, social, and physiological aspects of language as it changes across time. Examples come principally from Germanic (English, German, Yiddish) and Romance (French and Spanish), but with some exploration of aspects of the history of other languages as well. Each chapter concludes with exercises based on material in the chapter and also with suggestions for extensions of the content to wider issues in diachronic linguistics.
|
| adam_txt |
Table of contents List of figures XIII Preface XV Acknowledgments XVII CHAPTER 1 What is language change? 1. Introduction і 2. Characteristics of language 4 2.1 The human element 4 2.2 Arbitrariness 4 2.3 Creativity 5 2.4 Physicality 6 3. Change 6 3.1 Life cycles 6 3.2 What changes? 9 4. Evidence of change 11 5. Cognitive Grammar as a framework 6. Book overview 17 7. Conclusion 20 Exercises 20 For further investigation 22 1 15 CHAPTER 2 Studying change 1. Overview 23 2. Uniformitarianism 24 3. Coincidence and universals 24 3.1 Pure coincidence 25 3.2 Universals 26 3.2.1 Absolute universals 26 3.2.2 Relative universals 28 4. Genetic relationships and families 29 4.1 The Genealogical (Tree) model 29 4.2 The wave model 32 4.3 Contemporary approaches 34 5. Contact among languages 35 5.1 Kinds of contact 35 23
viii Historical Linguistics 5.2 Stratal influence 38 5.3 Areal influence 41 5.4 Pidgins and creoles 42 6. Conclusion 43 Exercises 44 For further investigation 45 CHAPTER 3 Lexical change 47 1. 2. Overview 47 Etymology 47 2.1 Basic vocabulary 48 2.2 Coinage 48 2.3 Lexical loss 52 3. The nature of meaning 53 4. More general trends 58 4.1 Generalization (widening) 58 4.2 Narrowing 58 4.3 Meliorization 59 4.4 Péjoration 60 4.5 Shift 62 4.6 Metaphor 63 4.7 Metonymy 66 5. Wider tendencies and causation 67 5.1 Root, epistemic, and speech act meaning 68 6. Conclusion 70 Exercises 71 For further investigation 71 CHAPTER 4 Phonetic change 1. Introduction 73 1.1 The scope of phonetics 73 2. A note on conventions and features 76 3. Unconditioned change 77 3.1 Simple changes 77 3.2 Complex changes: Chain shifts 78 3.3 Conclusion 80 4. Conditioned change 81 4.1 Positional conditioning 81 4.2 Conditioning by surrounding elements 4.2.x Segmental influence 84 73 84
Table of contents 4.2.2 Suprasegmental influence The wider context 91 5.1 Imitation and borrowing 92 5.2 Fortitions and lenitions 92 6. Consciousness of change 93 7. Conclusion 93 Exercises 94 For further investigation 95 89 5. CHAPTER 5 Phonological change 1. Introduction 97 1.1 Phonetics and phonology 97 1.2 The phoneme 98 1.3 Formalism 100 1.4 Summary 101 2. Processes of phonemic change 101 2.1 Merger 101 2.2 Split 103 2.2.1 Allophonic split 104 2.2.2 The creation of phonemes: Phonologization 3. Phonological change as recategorization 107 3.1 Individual changes 107 3.2 Phonemic inventories 110 3.2.1 Patterns 110 3.2.2 Features 113 4. Actuation and expansion of use 115 4.1 Actuation 115 4.2 Expansion of use 116 5. Conclusion 117 Exercises 117 For further investigation 118 97 105 CHAPTER 6 Morphological change 1. Introduction 119 1.1 Morphology and the morpheme 119 2. Word-level morphology 120 2.1 Coinage through affixes 121 2.2 Reanalysis across boundaries 122 3. Free and bound morphemes 123 3.1 Grammaticalization 124 119 ix
x Historical Linguistics 3.2 New free morphemes from bound 126 Analogical change 128 4.1 Examples 129 4.1.1 English plurals 129 4.1.2 English verbs 130 4.2 Kuryiowiczs paper on analogy 131 5. Paradigmatic and other systematic change 135 5.1 Series and semantically related words 135 5.2 Paradigmatic changes 137 5.3 A return to Sturtevants paradox 138 6. Concluding comments 140 Exercises 140 For further investigation 141 4. CHAPTER 7 Syntactic change 1. Introduction 143 1.1 The nature of syntax 143 1.2 Diachronic syntax 144 1.2.1 Structural approaches and feasibility 144 1.2.2 Reconstruction 144 1.2.3 What to do? 145 1.2.4 Rate of change 149 2. Word order 151 2.1 Simple word order change 151 2.2 Universals and universal tendencies 152 2.3 konicity 156 2.4 The analytic-synthetic cycle 159 3. Reanalysis and grammaticalization 161 3.1 The Latin and Romance passive 162 3.2 Complementation and subordinate clauses 163 4. Conclusions 165 Exercises 166 For further investigation 167 14Յ CHAPTER 8 Actuation and spread 1. Introduction 169 2. Actuation 170 3. Spread 172 3.1 Kinds of spread 172 3.2 The role of variation 173 169
3-2.1 Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog (1968) 173 3.2.2 Social marking 175 3.2.3 Marthas Vineyard 177 3.2.4 Other determiners 178 4. Lexical diffusion 179 5. The role of frequency and cognitive salience 180 6. When can we say that change has emerged from spread? 7. Conclusion 182 Exercises 183 For further investigation 183 181 CHAPTER 9 Methodology 1. Introduction: Theory and method 185 2. Text-based data 186 2.1 Philology 187 2.1.1 Definitions 187 2.1.2 Challenges 187 2.2 Corpus data and mining 190 3. Reconstruction 192 3.1 Underlying assumptions 192 3.1.1 Relationships among languages 192 3.1.2 The ultimate single form 192 3.1.3 The regularity hypothesis 193 3.1.4 Occam’s Razor 193 3.1.5 Hypothesis construction 193 3.2 Comparative reconstruction 194 3.2.1 Language family data 194 3.2.2 Correspondence sets 196 3.2.3 Testing the reconstruction 198 3.2.4 Limitations 199 3.3 Phylogenesis 199 3.4 Internal reconstruction 200 3.4.1 Some examples 201 3.4.2 Limitations 202 3.5 Syntactic reconstruction 203 3.6 Combining methods 204 3.7 Shortcomings and challenges in reconstruction 205 4. Philology and reconstruction compared and combined 206 5. Conclusion 208 Exercises 209 For further investigation 211
xii Historical Linguistics CHAPTER 10 Causation, prediction, and final remarks 1. Introduction 213 1.1 Generalizations about change and cognition 213 2. The potential for prediction 216 2.1 Aspects of change favoring prediction 217 2.1.1 Drift and typological co-occurrence 217 2.1.2 Typology, grammaticalization, and cyclical change 2.2 Processes which do not allow prediction 219 2.2.1 Emergence 219 2.2.2 Competition 219 2-3 Factors of change for further exploration 2.3.1 Genetic affiliation 220 2.3.2 Contact 221 2.3.3 The role of frequency 221 2.4 Summary 222 Fundamental causation 222 Biological causation 223 3-і Social causation 223 3-2 3-3 Cognitive causation 224 3.3.1 Phonological patterns 224 3.3.2 Grammatical patterns 225 3.3.3 Humboldts universal 226 3.3.4 Summary: Cognitive functioning 227 4. Language as a system 228 Exercises 229 For further investigation 230 213 218 References 231 Index 237
This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an introductory course in linguistics. Secondly, unlike many such textbooks, this one is based in the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, a semantics-based theory which emphasizes the relationship between cognition and language. Descriptions and explanations touch on cognitive, social, and physiological aspects of language as it changes across time. Examples come principally from Germanic (English, German, Yiddish) and Romance (French and Spanish), but with some exploration of aspects of the history of other languages as well. Each chapter concludes with exercises based on material in the chapter and also with suggestions for extensions of the content to wider issues in diachronic linguistics. |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:31:34Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:51:51Z |
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| isbn | 9789027205506 9789027205513 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | John Benjamins Publishing Company |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Winters, Margaret E. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1053156332 aut Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction Margaret E. Winters, Wayne State University Amsterdam ; Philadelphia John Benjamins Publishing Company 2020 xvi, 241 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "This textbook serves a dual purpose. It is, first, a comprehensive introduction to historical linguistics, intended for both undergraduate and graduate students who have taken, at the least, an introductory course in linguistics. Secondly, unlike many such textbooks, this one is based in the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, a semantics-based theory which emphasizes the relationship between cognition and language. Descriptions and explanations touch on cognitive, social, and physiological aspects of language as it changes across time. Examples come principally from Germanic (English, German, Yiddish) and Romance (French and Spanish), but with some exploration of aspects of the history of other languages as well. Each chapter concludes with exercises based on material in the chapter and also with suggestions for extensions of the content to wider issues in diachronic linguistics"-- Kognitive Grammatik (DE-588)4232699-0 gnd rswk-swf Historische Sprachwissenschaft (DE-588)4127276-6 gnd rswk-swf Historical linguistics / Textbooks Cognitive grammar / Textbooks (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Historische Sprachwissenschaft (DE-588)4127276-6 s Kognitive Grammatik (DE-588)4232699-0 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-272-6123-6 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032124782&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032124782&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Winters, Margaret E. 1947- Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction Kognitive Grammatik (DE-588)4232699-0 gnd Historische Sprachwissenschaft (DE-588)4127276-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4232699-0 (DE-588)4127276-6 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction |
| title_auth | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction |
| title_exact_search | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction |
| title_full | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction Margaret E. Winters, Wayne State University |
| title_fullStr | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction Margaret E. Winters, Wayne State University |
| title_full_unstemmed | Historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction Margaret E. Winters, Wayne State University |
| title_short | Historical linguistics |
| title_sort | historical linguistics a cognitive grammar introduction |
| title_sub | a cognitive grammar introduction |
| topic | Kognitive Grammatik (DE-588)4232699-0 gnd Historische Sprachwissenschaft (DE-588)4127276-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kognitive Grammatik Historische Sprachwissenschaft Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032124782&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032124782&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wintersmargarete historicallinguisticsacognitivegrammarintroduction |