Sadłowo: birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Toruń
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Grado
2019
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 416 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme 30 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788362941988 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Spis treści ZAGADNIENIA WSTĘPNE I. Wstęp (Jadwiga Lewandowska) ................................................................................................. 11 II. Stan badań nad okresem rzymskim międzyrzecza Wisły, Drwęcy i Skry oraz dotychczasowe rozpoznanie stanowiska numer 5 w miejscowości Sadłowo (Jadwiga Lewandowska) ........... 17 ŚRODOWISKO FIZYCZNOGEOGRAFICZNE III. Historia roślinności i osadnictwa północnej części ziemi dobrzyńskiej na przełomie er studiumpalinologiczne (Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz) ......................................................... 41 IV. Charakterystyka geomorfologiczna lokalizacji stanowiska numer 5 w Sadłowie (Piotr Weckwerth) ....................................................................................................................... 51 CMENTARZYSKO LUDNOŚCI KULTURY WIELBARSKIEJ V. Katalog grobów (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) ............................................................................................................................ 67 VI. Analiza źródeł (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) .......................................................................................................................... 118 VII. Kontakty ponadregionalne i międzyplemienne ֊ kwestia importów (Jakub Mosiejczyk) .... 159 VIII. Obrządek pogrzebowy. Próba interpretacji (Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk) ..................................................................................................................... 185 IX.
Chronologia zbadanej przestrzeni cmentarzyska (Artur Kurpiewski) ................................... 215 Tablice Ι-XXIII (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Monika Olszewska, Wojciech Miłek) ...................... 217 MATERIAŁY INNYCH KULTUR X. Materiały ze środkowej epoki kamienia (Grzegorz Osipowicz, Mariusz Bosiak) ........ 243 XI. „Siekiera” kamienna odkryta na powierzchni stanowiska (Justyna Orłowska, Grzegorz Osipowicz) 264
6 / SPIS TREŚCI XII. Obiekt numer 7 jako przyczynek do poznania kopców granicznych (Jadwiga Lewandowska) ........................................................................................................... 269 BADANIA NIEINWAZYJNE XIII. Zdjęcia z powietrza i wykonanie opracowania fotogrametrycznego stanowiska numer 5 (Miron Bogacki) .......................................................................................................................... 283 XIV. Nieinwazyjne badania magnetyczne stanowiska numer 5 (Wiesław Małkowski) ................ 289 ANALIZY SPECJALSTCZNE XV. Analiza antropologiczna szczątków ludzkich z grobów szkieletowych i ciałopalnych zlokalizowanych na cmentarzysku kultury wielbarskiej (Beata Iwanek, Janusz Piontek) .......................................................................................... 303 XVI. Analiza zwierzęcych szczątków kostnych (D a n i e 1 Makowiecki) ........................................... 337 XVII. Wyniki badań chemiczno-technologicznych wybranych zabytków z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej (Marcin B i b o r s к i, Mateusz B i b o r s к i ) ......................................................... 339 XVIII. Ekspertyza wydzielonych ułomków zabytków szkła z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej (Elżbieta Greiner-Wronowa) ............................................................................................... 360 ANEKS KONSERWTORSKI XIX. Cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej w Sadłowie jako element krajobrazu kulturowego wsi (Jakub Mosiejczyk)
.................................................................................................................... 391 ZAKOŃCZENIE XX. Finis coronat opus (Jadwiga Lewandowska) .......................................................................... 407 SUMMARY XX. Finis coronat opus (transi, by Marcin Różański) 413
Contents PRELIMINARY ISSUES I. Introduction (Jadwiga Lewandowska) .................................................................................. 11 II. State of research on the Roman period in the interfluve of the Vistula, Drwęca and Skra rivers and to date examination of site number 5 in Sadłowo (Jadwiga Lewandowska) ................... 17 PHYSICOGEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT III. History of vegetation and settlement in the northern part of the Dobrzyń Land at the turn of the century - palynological study (Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz) .................................. 41 IV. Geomorphological characteristics of the location of site number 5 in Sadłowo (Piotr Weckwerth) ................................................................................................................. 51 CEMETERY OF THE POPULATION OF WIELBARK CULTURE V. Catalogue of graves (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) ...................................................................................................................... 67 VI. Source analysis (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) .................................................................................................................... 118 VIL Trans-regional and inter-tribal contacts - the issue of imports (J a k u b Mosiejczyk) ............ 159 VIII. Burial rites. Attempt at interpretation (Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk) ................................................................................................................ 185 IX.
Chronology of the examined cemetery area (A r t u r Kurpiewski) ......................................... 215 Tables I-XXIII (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Monika Olszewska, Wojciech Miłek) ....................... 217 MATERIALS FROM OTHER CULTURES X. Middle Stone Age materials (G rzegorz Osipowicz, Mariusz Bosiak) .......................... 243 XI. Stone “axe” discovered on the surface of the site (Justyna Orłowska, Grzegorz Osipowicz) .................................................................. 264
8 / CONTENTS XII. Object number 7 as a foundation for learning about border mounds (Jadwiga Lewandowska) ............................................................................................................ 2® NON-INVASIVE STUDIES XIII. Aerial photos and photogrammetric report from site number 5 (Miron Bogacki) ............................................................................................................................ 283 XIV. Non-invasive magnetic studies on site number 5 (Wiesław Małkowski) .............................. 289 SPECIALISED ANALYSES XV. Anthropological analysis of human remains from skeletal and cremation graves located in the Wielbark culture cemetery (Beata Iwanek, Janusz Piontek) ........................................................................................... 303 XVI. Analysis of animal skeletal remains (Daniel Makowiecki) ..................................................... 337 XVII. Results of chemical and technological research on selected monuments from the Wielbark culture cemetery (Marcin Biborski, Mateusz Biborski) ................................................ 339 XVIII. Evaluation of separated fragments of glass monuments from the Wielbark culture cemetery (Elżbieta Greiner-Wronowa) ................................................................................................ 360 HERITAGE PROTECTION ANNEX XIX. The Wielbark culture cemetery in Sadłowo as the element of cultural landscape of the village (Jakub Mosiejczyk)
..................................................................................................................... 391 SUMMARY XX. Finis coronat opus (Jadwiga Lewandowska) .......................................................................... 407 SUMMARY XX. Finis coronat opus (transi, by Marcin Różański) 413
SUMMARY
XX. Finis coronat opus Jadwiga Lewandowska he presented monograph is an inter T construction of the narrow-gauge railway. The disciplinary study of the archaeological artifacts (including a terra sigillata bowl and a glass vessel) were collected by engineer Jerzy site located in Sadłowo1, Rypin Municipality, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province (in the area of Chmielewski who supervised the works. Some AZP 38-52: site number in area 9, site num of them went to the then owners of the pal ber in location 5). This site is located about ace in Sadłowo, the Kretkowski family. Oth 600 m south-west of village buildings, on the er monuments received from J. Chmielewski southern side of the Sadlowo-Rypin road in a day before Christmas Eve in 1927, were sent the area directly adjacent to the southern part by Fryderyk Karls, a teacher of the primary of a Catholic cemetery. It is characterized by school in Rypin, to the Museum in Płock, to a significant degree of degradation, which re Mrs. Halina Rutska, while „he took a very nice sults both from the methods of land use in the vase of Greek origin with a drawing depict past (gravel pits) as well as natural and anthro ing hunting made of red onyx ....to Warsaw”. pogenic processes (post-depository processes; Years passed, the monuments in the vast ma the area is intensively used for agricultural jority disappeared as a result of the World War purposes). II activities or other vicissitudes, the memory This work is a result of field research of var of the discovery in Sadłowo also vanished. ious nature and scope carried out on behalf of
Successful field verification of the archival the Museum of the Dobrzyń Land in Rypin site in Sadłowo in 2011, as part of the scientif in several research seasons: 2011, 2012, 2013, ic project run by the Museum of the Dobrzyń 2015, 2018. It was co-financed by the Ministry Land titled: Archaeological and verification of Culture and National Heritage from Cul research of the settlement of the Wielbark ture Promotion Funds, as well as from own culture in the Dobrzyń Land (Stage I-Rypin funds of the Museum of the Dobrzyń Land in County), made the forgotten ancient ceme Rypin. tery the object of the first stationary excava The history of discovery of this archaeolog tions (2012-2013). The non-invasive research ical site began as early as 1927, when valuable carried out in 2018 supplemented the archae monuments from the Roman period were acci ological works of this necropolis. From the dentally found during the works related to the protection of cultural heritage point of view, further actions, including research preferably of a non-invasive nature, and, above all, enter 1 Today, this site is administratively located on ing site number 5 in Sadłowo to the register of the grounds of Sadłowo Nowe. It was decided, howe monuments, are necessary. This area is locat ver, to leave the assignment to the town of Sadłowo ed on a former gravel pit, it is also intensively which is already established in literature.
414 / SUMMARY used for agriculture, and in its immediate vi cussed site is located in the southern part of the cinity there is an active cemetery, whose ca Dobrzyń Lakeland, within the Świedziebnia Upland. The development of the terrain in the pacity can be increased. Thanks to the presented work, the for area of Sadlowo depended on the processes gotten Wielbark burials (along with materi associated with the slip and stage recession of als from other archaeological cultures found the Scandinavian ice sheet during the Vistuon this site), first as a result of accident and lian glaciation. The modification of the mor then determination of many people, can once phology of glacial forms took place during the again appear in the awareness of the inhabit late glacial period and in the holocene, as a re ants of the Dobrzyń Land, as well as the scien sult of fluvial and denudative processes. The results of the geomorphological and geologi tific community. In the first part of the publication, following cal research carried out in the area of the cem introductory issues and presenting the state of etery of the Wielbark culture in Sadlowo in research on the Roman period in the inter dicate that its location was in close relations fluve of the Vistula, Drwęca and Skrwa rivers, with the components of the natural environ with particular emphasis on the current state ment, and above all with the relief and geologi of exploration of site number 5 in Sadlowo cal structure. The site is located in the culmi (by Jadwiga Lewandowska), analysis was car nation of a hill located
within a promontory ried out of the physical and geographical en formed between two postglacial tunnel val vironment, specifically the history of vegeta leys, the bottoms of which used to be occupied tion and settlement in the northern part of the by wetlands and lakes. Dobrzyń Land in the light of the pollen anal The main part of the book is the study of ysis by Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz and geo- the cemetery of the Wielbark culture popula morphological characteristics of the discussed tion. This task was undertaken by a research team consisting of Artur Kurpiewski, Jadwiga area penned by Piotr Weckwerth. The illustrated state of research on the set Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk and Maria tlement of the Wielbark culture in the Dobrzyń Pronobis. The analysis of numerous historical Land shows the phenomenon of several sites materials from the research of this necropolis explored so far, including the Sadlowo site. At allows to state that it was founded by a Wiel the same time, it indicates further need for bark culture community in phase B2/C1, while studies on the settlement and funeral rite of the end of its use falls to phase C2. The cem the Roman period in this area. Noteworthy etery has a bi-ritual character. Both crema is the low degree of exploration of the settle tion and skeletal burials were registered. We ments, and almost exclusively accidental and cannot explain the reason for the heterogene rescue nature of the Wielbark necropolis re ity of the funeral rite; whether it was due to search. religious differences or perhaps separate tra In the study by
Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, ditions cultivated in particular families. The the analysis of changes in vegetation and the answers to these and many other questions scale of anthropopressure was based on archi concerning burial rites of the Wielbark cul val sites. The most representative and the clos ture community in Sadlowo will remain open. est profile in Zbójenko was used for a detailed This particular cemetery, like most cemeter characterization of plant cover changes in the ies in the Dobrzyń Land, consists of so-called area of the archaeological site in Sadlowo. It flat graves, although some graves were marked covers pollen records from the late glacial pe with stones. Potentially, other forms of com riod to the early Middle Ages. memorating burials could have been de On the other hand, the geomorphological stroyed by the action of time, nature and man. studies established that the area of the dis The dominant form of grave was a pit grave.
XX. Finis coronat opus / The characteristic feature is the fact that no weapons or tools were placed in the graves. On the other hand, elements of costumes, decora tions and objects of everyday use were com mon. The cemetery of the Wielbark culture in Sadlowo is the best explored and most di verse in the Dobrzyń Land in terms of grave forms and equipment. At the same time, it is a rich site - reflecting a diverse community, which had a significant share in the exchange of goods and ideas on the so-called Amber Road. Additionally, the publication presents the results of studies on imports from the territory of the Roman Empire and their sig nificance in the communities of Barbaricum (study by Jakub Mosiejczyk), including those living in Sadlowo in the Roman period, and an attempt to interpret the funeral rite (by Jadwi ga Lewandowska and Jakub Mosiejczyk). The chronology of the studied area was defined by Artur Kurpiewski. Thus, the most impor tant source for this publication is the com plex of graves of the Wielbark culture, richly equipped, with unique forms of burials from the second to the third century AD. In addition to the Roman graves, traces of settlements from the Stone Age and the late Middle Ages have been recorded on this site, which is presented in the section Materi als from other cultures. Analyses of materials from the Middle Stone Age were undertaken by Grzegorz Osipowicz and Mariusz Bosiak. The authors discussed in detail the results of analyses of: raw material, technological, ty pological and traseological collection of flint products collected
during the excavations in Sadlowo. As a result of the typological stud ies, it was stated that the collection can most probably be linked to the Komornicka cul ture and dated back to the Atlantic Phase. The traseological studies showed the dominance of tools related to skin and meat processing, which may indicate a specialization of the site. The paper also presents the results of the SEM-EDX analysis of organic matter, which was identified on one of the flint products. In the next chapter on the traces of the Stone Age 415 at this site, Justyna Orłowska and Grzegorz Osipowicz presented a neolithic stone „axe” found on the surface. Jadwiga Lewandowska analyzed object 7/12 linked to the medieval or modern period. This chronology is suggested by the total lack of bone material, other Ro man materials, and above all the presence of not only numerous field stones, but also floor tiles in its fillings. The discovery of this object is a contribution to the discussion on border mounds, so rarely recorded archaeologically, but known from written accounts. An important part of the publication are the results of non-invasive research methods, including magnetic methods by Wiesław Mał kowski and aerial photographs taken by Mi ron Bogacki, which are innovative for this site. In order to visualize and understand the land scape context planned for the study of the area, a digital height model was developed based on the ALS-LiDAR point clouds. The mag netic studies with the caesium magnetome ter G-858G Magmapper (Geometries) allowed to distinguish numerous magnetic anomalies that
could indicate the scope of the archaeo logical site. On the other hand, aerial photo graphic documentation made it possible to ac curately map the area and look at it against the surrounding landscape. The threats to the site were assessed and its individual elements were located. The visible distinguishing features can be used as guidelines for further archaeo logical research, both non-invasive and inva sive. A separate part of the publication are the results of specialist research. Human remains from skeletal and cremation graves were an alyzed by Beata Iwanek and Janusz Piontek. Bone material from 50 graves dating back to the period of the Wielbark culture, includ ing 11 skeletal graves and 39 cremation and pit graves, were anthropologically examined. Bone remains were also examined, which, ac cording to the archaeological findings, were lying „loosely” in the trenches outside the des ignated funeral objects. The analysis of ani mal skeletal remains by Daniel Makowiecki
416 / SUMMARY was also carried out. The poor state of preser vation of individual specimens, without diag nostic features, resulted in some of them not being identified. The identified residues came from sheep/goats, cattle and pigs. In this publication we will also find the re sults of specialist laboratory analyses, the re sults of which are used in the analytical part. Metallurgical research was carried out by Marcin Biborski and Mateusz Biborski, while glass analysis was carried out by Elżbieta Greiner-Wronowa. A separate chapter Heritage Protection An nex by Jakub Mosiejczyk presents the review of current legal regulations, which create an instrumentarium of conservation activities. Entry in the register of monuments appears to be the main tool for the protection of cultural landscape. Among other tools are the acts of local law, such as spatial development plan, as well as historical study of a municipality to gether with a database of municipal records of monuments. The author analyzed the current policy of heritage protection institutions in cluding entries in the register of monuments in the surrounding of the village. It has been observed that the previous entries accurately reflect the rich history of Sadlowo. Among the protected facilities is the palace complex with a park (Reg. No.: 288/A dec. of 24.02.1992), the complex of the parish church of St. John the Baptist comprising: church, church cemetery, brick belfry and brick fence with gates and two buildings together with plot No. 666 (Reg.: 189/A dec. of 01.09.2004). The last element is the
archaeological monument, which consists of ruins of a 14th century castle, inscribed as a late medieval ring-shaped settlement (Reg. 119/4 dec. of 26.03.1985). The outlined cultur al landscape would certainly be complement ed by an entry in the register of monuments of the Sadlowo necropolis, both the presently functioning and the bi-ritual cemetery of the Wielbark culture. The result of previous verification, excava tion and research activities undertaken as part of this project is this interdisciplinary study of the site, which may become a reference point for future research on the Stone Age and the Roman period in the mesoregion of the Dobrzyń Lakeland. The core of the book, how ever, are funeral deliberations, which bring us closer to the people of the past. Studying their graves is a great responsibility, which should be crowned each time with a study, publica tion and remembrance. This work shows that it is undoubtedly worthwhile to verify archival sites - such as Sadlowo, visited by dozens of archaeologists as early as the first half of the 20th century, then to study and make invento ry with the use of modern methods, and con sequently to restore their lives through mono graphic studies. The observations made bring a significant new value to the knowledge of the history of the settlement in the interfluve of the Vistula, Drwęca and Skrwa rivers in the period of Roman influence, more broadly in the northern part of the barbaric world. trans, by Marcin Różański Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Spis treści ZAGADNIENIA WSTĘPNE I. Wstęp (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 11 II. Stan badań nad okresem rzymskim międzyrzecza Wisły, Drwęcy i Skry oraz dotychczasowe rozpoznanie stanowiska numer 5 w miejscowości Sadłowo (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 17 ŚRODOWISKO FIZYCZNOGEOGRAFICZNE III. Historia roślinności i osadnictwa północnej części ziemi dobrzyńskiej na przełomie er studiumpalinologiczne (Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz) . 41 IV. Charakterystyka geomorfologiczna lokalizacji stanowiska numer 5 w Sadłowie (Piotr Weckwerth) . 51 CMENTARZYSKO LUDNOŚCI KULTURY WIELBARSKIEJ V. Katalog grobów (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) . 67 VI. Analiza źródeł (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) . 118 VII. Kontakty ponadregionalne i międzyplemienne ֊ kwestia importów (Jakub Mosiejczyk) . 159 VIII. Obrządek pogrzebowy. Próba interpretacji (Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk) . 185 IX.
Chronologia zbadanej przestrzeni cmentarzyska (Artur Kurpiewski) . 215 Tablice Ι-XXIII (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Monika Olszewska, Wojciech Miłek) . 217 MATERIAŁY INNYCH KULTUR X. Materiały ze środkowej epoki kamienia (Grzegorz Osipowicz, Mariusz Bosiak) . 243 XI. „Siekiera” kamienna odkryta na powierzchni stanowiska (Justyna Orłowska, Grzegorz Osipowicz) 264
6 / SPIS TREŚCI XII. Obiekt numer 7 jako przyczynek do poznania kopców granicznych (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 269 BADANIA NIEINWAZYJNE XIII. Zdjęcia z powietrza i wykonanie opracowania fotogrametrycznego stanowiska numer 5 (Miron Bogacki) . 283 XIV. Nieinwazyjne badania magnetyczne stanowiska numer 5 (Wiesław Małkowski) . 289 ANALIZY SPECJALSTCZNE XV. Analiza antropologiczna szczątków ludzkich z grobów szkieletowych i ciałopalnych zlokalizowanych na cmentarzysku kultury wielbarskiej (Beata Iwanek, Janusz Piontek) . 303 XVI. Analiza zwierzęcych szczątków kostnych (D a n i e 1 Makowiecki) . 337 XVII. Wyniki badań chemiczno-technologicznych wybranych zabytków z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej (Marcin B i b o r s к i, Mateusz B i b o r s к i ) . 339 XVIII. Ekspertyza wydzielonych ułomków zabytków szkła z cmentarzyska kultury wielbarskiej (Elżbieta Greiner-Wronowa) . 360 ANEKS KONSERWTORSKI XIX. Cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej w Sadłowie jako element krajobrazu kulturowego wsi (Jakub Mosiejczyk)
. 391 ZAKOŃCZENIE XX. Finis coronat opus (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 407 SUMMARY XX. Finis coronat opus (transi, by Marcin Różański) 413
Contents PRELIMINARY ISSUES I. Introduction (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 11 II. State of research on the Roman period in the interfluve of the Vistula, Drwęca and Skra rivers and to date examination of site number 5 in Sadłowo (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 17 PHYSICOGEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT III. History of vegetation and settlement in the northern part of the Dobrzyń Land at the turn of the century - palynological study (Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz) . 41 IV. Geomorphological characteristics of the location of site number 5 in Sadłowo (Piotr Weckwerth) . 51 CEMETERY OF THE POPULATION OF WIELBARK CULTURE V. Catalogue of graves (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) . 67 VI. Source analysis (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk, Maria Pronobis) . 118 VIL Trans-regional and inter-tribal contacts - the issue of imports (J a k u b Mosiejczyk) . 159 VIII. Burial rites. Attempt at interpretation (Jadwiga Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk) . 185 IX.
Chronology of the examined cemetery area (A r t u r Kurpiewski) . 215 Tables I-XXIII (A r t u r Kurpiewski, Monika Olszewska, Wojciech Miłek) . 217 MATERIALS FROM OTHER CULTURES X. Middle Stone Age materials (G rzegorz Osipowicz, Mariusz Bosiak) . 243 XI. Stone “axe” discovered on the surface of the site (Justyna Orłowska, Grzegorz Osipowicz) . 264
8 / CONTENTS XII. Object number 7 as a foundation for learning about border mounds (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 2® NON-INVASIVE STUDIES XIII. Aerial photos and photogrammetric report from site number 5 (Miron Bogacki) . 283 XIV. Non-invasive magnetic studies on site number 5 (Wiesław Małkowski) . 289 SPECIALISED ANALYSES XV. Anthropological analysis of human remains from skeletal and cremation graves located in the Wielbark culture cemetery (Beata Iwanek, Janusz Piontek) . 303 XVI. Analysis of animal skeletal remains (Daniel Makowiecki) . 337 XVII. Results of chemical and technological research on selected monuments from the Wielbark culture cemetery (Marcin Biborski, Mateusz Biborski) . 339 XVIII. Evaluation of separated fragments of glass monuments from the Wielbark culture cemetery (Elżbieta Greiner-Wronowa) . 360 HERITAGE PROTECTION ANNEX XIX. The Wielbark culture cemetery in Sadłowo as the element of cultural landscape of the village (Jakub Mosiejczyk)
. 391 SUMMARY XX. Finis coronat opus (Jadwiga Lewandowska) . 407 SUMMARY XX. Finis coronat opus (transi, by Marcin Różański) 413
SUMMARY
XX. Finis coronat opus Jadwiga Lewandowska he presented monograph is an inter T construction of the narrow-gauge railway. The disciplinary study of the archaeological artifacts (including a terra sigillata bowl and a glass vessel) were collected by engineer Jerzy site located in Sadłowo1, Rypin Municipality, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province (in the area of Chmielewski who supervised the works. Some AZP 38-52: site number in area 9, site num of them went to the then owners of the pal ber in location 5). This site is located about ace in Sadłowo, the Kretkowski family. Oth 600 m south-west of village buildings, on the er monuments received from J. Chmielewski southern side of the Sadlowo-Rypin road in a day before Christmas Eve in 1927, were sent the area directly adjacent to the southern part by Fryderyk Karls, a teacher of the primary of a Catholic cemetery. It is characterized by school in Rypin, to the Museum in Płock, to a significant degree of degradation, which re Mrs. Halina Rutska, while „he took a very nice sults both from the methods of land use in the vase of Greek origin with a drawing depict past (gravel pits) as well as natural and anthro ing hunting made of red onyx .to Warsaw”. pogenic processes (post-depository processes; Years passed, the monuments in the vast ma the area is intensively used for agricultural jority disappeared as a result of the World War purposes). II activities or other vicissitudes, the memory This work is a result of field research of var of the discovery in Sadłowo also vanished. ious nature and scope carried out on behalf of
Successful field verification of the archival the Museum of the Dobrzyń Land in Rypin site in Sadłowo in 2011, as part of the scientif in several research seasons: 2011, 2012, 2013, ic project run by the Museum of the Dobrzyń 2015, 2018. It was co-financed by the Ministry Land titled: Archaeological and verification of Culture and National Heritage from Cul research of the settlement of the Wielbark ture Promotion Funds, as well as from own culture in the Dobrzyń Land (Stage I-Rypin funds of the Museum of the Dobrzyń Land in County), made the forgotten ancient ceme Rypin. tery the object of the first stationary excava The history of discovery of this archaeolog tions (2012-2013). The non-invasive research ical site began as early as 1927, when valuable carried out in 2018 supplemented the archae monuments from the Roman period were acci ological works of this necropolis. From the dentally found during the works related to the protection of cultural heritage point of view, further actions, including research preferably of a non-invasive nature, and, above all, enter 1 Today, this site is administratively located on ing site number 5 in Sadłowo to the register of the grounds of Sadłowo Nowe. It was decided, howe monuments, are necessary. This area is locat ver, to leave the assignment to the town of Sadłowo ed on a former gravel pit, it is also intensively which is already established in literature.
414 / SUMMARY used for agriculture, and in its immediate vi cussed site is located in the southern part of the cinity there is an active cemetery, whose ca Dobrzyń Lakeland, within the Świedziebnia Upland. The development of the terrain in the pacity can be increased. Thanks to the presented work, the for area of Sadlowo depended on the processes gotten Wielbark burials (along with materi associated with the slip and stage recession of als from other archaeological cultures found the Scandinavian ice sheet during the Vistuon this site), first as a result of accident and lian glaciation. The modification of the mor then determination of many people, can once phology of glacial forms took place during the again appear in the awareness of the inhabit late glacial period and in the holocene, as a re ants of the Dobrzyń Land, as well as the scien sult of fluvial and denudative processes. The results of the geomorphological and geologi tific community. In the first part of the publication, following cal research carried out in the area of the cem introductory issues and presenting the state of etery of the Wielbark culture in Sadlowo in research on the Roman period in the inter dicate that its location was in close relations fluve of the Vistula, Drwęca and Skrwa rivers, with the components of the natural environ with particular emphasis on the current state ment, and above all with the relief and geologi of exploration of site number 5 in Sadlowo cal structure. The site is located in the culmi (by Jadwiga Lewandowska), analysis was car nation of a hill located
within a promontory ried out of the physical and geographical en formed between two postglacial tunnel val vironment, specifically the history of vegeta leys, the bottoms of which used to be occupied tion and settlement in the northern part of the by wetlands and lakes. Dobrzyń Land in the light of the pollen anal The main part of the book is the study of ysis by Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz and geo- the cemetery of the Wielbark culture popula morphological characteristics of the discussed tion. This task was undertaken by a research team consisting of Artur Kurpiewski, Jadwiga area penned by Piotr Weckwerth. The illustrated state of research on the set Lewandowska, Jakub Mosiejczyk and Maria tlement of the Wielbark culture in the Dobrzyń Pronobis. The analysis of numerous historical Land shows the phenomenon of several sites materials from the research of this necropolis explored so far, including the Sadlowo site. At allows to state that it was founded by a Wiel the same time, it indicates further need for bark culture community in phase B2/C1, while studies on the settlement and funeral rite of the end of its use falls to phase C2. The cem the Roman period in this area. Noteworthy etery has a bi-ritual character. Both crema is the low degree of exploration of the settle tion and skeletal burials were registered. We ments, and almost exclusively accidental and cannot explain the reason for the heterogene rescue nature of the Wielbark necropolis re ity of the funeral rite; whether it was due to search. religious differences or perhaps separate tra In the study by
Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, ditions cultivated in particular families. The the analysis of changes in vegetation and the answers to these and many other questions scale of anthropopressure was based on archi concerning burial rites of the Wielbark cul val sites. The most representative and the clos ture community in Sadlowo will remain open. est profile in Zbójenko was used for a detailed This particular cemetery, like most cemeter characterization of plant cover changes in the ies in the Dobrzyń Land, consists of so-called area of the archaeological site in Sadlowo. It flat graves, although some graves were marked covers pollen records from the late glacial pe with stones. Potentially, other forms of com riod to the early Middle Ages. memorating burials could have been de On the other hand, the geomorphological stroyed by the action of time, nature and man. studies established that the area of the dis The dominant form of grave was a pit grave.
XX. Finis coronat opus / The characteristic feature is the fact that no weapons or tools were placed in the graves. On the other hand, elements of costumes, decora tions and objects of everyday use were com mon. The cemetery of the Wielbark culture in Sadlowo is the best explored and most di verse in the Dobrzyń Land in terms of grave forms and equipment. At the same time, it is a rich site - reflecting a diverse community, which had a significant share in the exchange of goods and ideas on the so-called Amber Road. Additionally, the publication presents the results of studies on imports from the territory of the Roman Empire and their sig nificance in the communities of Barbaricum (study by Jakub Mosiejczyk), including those living in Sadlowo in the Roman period, and an attempt to interpret the funeral rite (by Jadwi ga Lewandowska and Jakub Mosiejczyk). The chronology of the studied area was defined by Artur Kurpiewski. Thus, the most impor tant source for this publication is the com plex of graves of the Wielbark culture, richly equipped, with unique forms of burials from the second to the third century AD. In addition to the Roman graves, traces of settlements from the Stone Age and the late Middle Ages have been recorded on this site, which is presented in the section Materi als from other cultures. Analyses of materials from the Middle Stone Age were undertaken by Grzegorz Osipowicz and Mariusz Bosiak. The authors discussed in detail the results of analyses of: raw material, technological, ty pological and traseological collection of flint products collected
during the excavations in Sadlowo. As a result of the typological stud ies, it was stated that the collection can most probably be linked to the Komornicka cul ture and dated back to the Atlantic Phase. The traseological studies showed the dominance of tools related to skin and meat processing, which may indicate a specialization of the site. The paper also presents the results of the SEM-EDX analysis of organic matter, which was identified on one of the flint products. In the next chapter on the traces of the Stone Age 415 at this site, Justyna Orłowska and Grzegorz Osipowicz presented a neolithic stone „axe” found on the surface. Jadwiga Lewandowska analyzed object 7/12 linked to the medieval or modern period. This chronology is suggested by the total lack of bone material, other Ro man materials, and above all the presence of not only numerous field stones, but also floor tiles in its fillings. The discovery of this object is a contribution to the discussion on border mounds, so rarely recorded archaeologically, but known from written accounts. An important part of the publication are the results of non-invasive research methods, including magnetic methods by Wiesław Mał kowski and aerial photographs taken by Mi ron Bogacki, which are innovative for this site. In order to visualize and understand the land scape context planned for the study of the area, a digital height model was developed based on the ALS-LiDAR point clouds. The mag netic studies with the caesium magnetome ter G-858G Magmapper (Geometries) allowed to distinguish numerous magnetic anomalies that
could indicate the scope of the archaeo logical site. On the other hand, aerial photo graphic documentation made it possible to ac curately map the area and look at it against the surrounding landscape. The threats to the site were assessed and its individual elements were located. The visible distinguishing features can be used as guidelines for further archaeo logical research, both non-invasive and inva sive. A separate part of the publication are the results of specialist research. Human remains from skeletal and cremation graves were an alyzed by Beata Iwanek and Janusz Piontek. Bone material from 50 graves dating back to the period of the Wielbark culture, includ ing 11 skeletal graves and 39 cremation and pit graves, were anthropologically examined. Bone remains were also examined, which, ac cording to the archaeological findings, were lying „loosely” in the trenches outside the des ignated funeral objects. The analysis of ani mal skeletal remains by Daniel Makowiecki
416 / SUMMARY was also carried out. The poor state of preser vation of individual specimens, without diag nostic features, resulted in some of them not being identified. The identified residues came from sheep/goats, cattle and pigs. In this publication we will also find the re sults of specialist laboratory analyses, the re sults of which are used in the analytical part. Metallurgical research was carried out by Marcin Biborski and Mateusz Biborski, while glass analysis was carried out by Elżbieta Greiner-Wronowa. A separate chapter Heritage Protection An nex by Jakub Mosiejczyk presents the review of current legal regulations, which create an instrumentarium of conservation activities. Entry in the register of monuments appears to be the main tool for the protection of cultural landscape. Among other tools are the acts of local law, such as spatial development plan, as well as historical study of a municipality to gether with a database of municipal records of monuments. The author analyzed the current policy of heritage protection institutions in cluding entries in the register of monuments in the surrounding of the village. It has been observed that the previous entries accurately reflect the rich history of Sadlowo. Among the protected facilities is the palace complex with a park (Reg. No.: 288/A dec. of 24.02.1992), the complex of the parish church of St. John the Baptist comprising: church, church cemetery, brick belfry and brick fence with gates and two buildings together with plot No. 666 (Reg.: 189/A dec. of 01.09.2004). The last element is the
archaeological monument, which consists of ruins of a 14th century castle, inscribed as a late medieval ring-shaped settlement (Reg. 119/4 dec. of 26.03.1985). The outlined cultur al landscape would certainly be complement ed by an entry in the register of monuments of the Sadlowo necropolis, both the presently functioning and the bi-ritual cemetery of the Wielbark culture. The result of previous verification, excava tion and research activities undertaken as part of this project is this interdisciplinary study of the site, which may become a reference point for future research on the Stone Age and the Roman period in the mesoregion of the Dobrzyń Lakeland. The core of the book, how ever, are funeral deliberations, which bring us closer to the people of the past. Studying their graves is a great responsibility, which should be crowned each time with a study, publica tion and remembrance. This work shows that it is undoubtedly worthwhile to verify archival sites - such as Sadlowo, visited by dozens of archaeologists as early as the first half of the 20th century, then to study and make invento ry with the use of modern methods, and con sequently to restore their lives through mono graphic studies. The observations made bring a significant new value to the knowledge of the history of the settlement in the interfluve of the Vistula, Drwęca and Skrwa rivers in the period of Roman influence, more broadly in the northern part of the barbaric world. trans, by Marcin Różański Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Naukowe Grado |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych redakcja naukowa Jadwiga Lewandowska Toruń Wydawnictwo Naukowe Grado 2019 416 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Englische Zusammenfassung Cmentarzyska dbn Epoka żelaza dbn Kultura wielbarska dbn Wielbark-Kultur (DE-588)4338102-9 gnd rswk-swf Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Sadłowo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. rypiński, gm. Rypin) dbn Sadłowo (DE-588)7743297-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Sadłowo (DE-588)7743297-6 g Wielbark-Kultur (DE-588)4338102-9 s Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s DE-604 Lewandowska, Jadwiga ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1125043970 edt Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032113581&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032113581&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032113581&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych Cmentarzyska dbn Epoka żelaza dbn Kultura wielbarska dbn Wielbark-Kultur (DE-588)4338102-9 gnd Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4338102-9 (DE-588)4071980-7 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)7743297-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych |
| title_auth | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych |
| title_exact_search | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych |
| title_full | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych redakcja naukowa Jadwiga Lewandowska |
| title_fullStr | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych redakcja naukowa Jadwiga Lewandowska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sadłowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych redakcja naukowa Jadwiga Lewandowska |
| title_short | Sadłowo |
| title_sort | sadlowo birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzynskiej wraz z materialami pozostalych kultur archeologicznych |
| title_sub | birytualne cmentarzysko kultury wielbarskiej na ziemi dobrzyńskiej wraz z materiałami pozostałych kultur archeologicznych |
| topic | Cmentarzyska dbn Epoka żelaza dbn Kultura wielbarska dbn Wielbark-Kultur (DE-588)4338102-9 gnd Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cmentarzyska Epoka żelaza Kultura wielbarska Wielbark-Kultur Gräberfeld Ausgrabung Sadłowo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. rypiński, gm. Rypin) Sadłowo Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032113581&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032113581&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032113581&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lewandowskajadwiga sadłowobirytualnecmentarzyskokulturywielbarskiejnaziemidobrzynskiejwrazzmateriałamipozostałychkulturarcheologicznych |
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