The origins of the Syrian conflict: climate change and human security
Does climate change cause conflict? Did it cause the Syrian uprising? Some policymakers and academics have made this claim, but is it true? This study presents a new conceptual framework to evaluate this claim. Contributing to scholarship in the fields of critical security, environmental security, h...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2020
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | BSB01 FUBA1 UBA01 UBG01 URL des Erstveröffentlichers |
Zusammenfassung: | Does climate change cause conflict? Did it cause the Syrian uprising? Some policymakers and academics have made this claim, but is it true? This study presents a new conceptual framework to evaluate this claim. Contributing to scholarship in the fields of critical security, environmental security, human security, and Arab politics, Marwa Daoudy prioritizes non-Western and marginalized perspectives to make sense of Syria's place in this international debate. Designing an innovative multidisciplinary framework and applying it to the Syrian case, Daoudy uses extensive field research and her own personal background as a Syrian scholar to present primary interviews with Syrian government officials and citizens, as well as the research of domestic Syrian experts, to provide a unique insight into Syria's environmental, economic and social vulnerabilities leading up to the 2011 uprising. (Verlagsbeschreibung) |
Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 249 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
ISBN: | 9781108567053 |
DOI: | 10.1017/9781108567053 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nmm a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV046701501 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20230623 | ||
007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 200504s2020 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d | ||
020 | |a 9781108567053 |c Online |9 978-1-108-56705-3 | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1017/9781108567053 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (ZDB-20-CBO)CR9781108567053 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)1153987039 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV046701501 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-473 |a DE-188 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 956.9104/231 |2 23 | |
084 | |a MH 74094 |0 (DE-625)122914:12054 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a MH 74086 |0 (DE-625)122914:12049 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a MS 9000 |0 (DE-625)123823: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a MH 74915 |0 (DE-625)122914:12223 |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Daoudy, Marwa |d ca. 20./21. Jh. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1196241406 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a The origins of the Syrian conflict |b climate change and human security |c Marwa Daoudy, Georgetown University |
264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge University Press |c 2020 | |
300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 249 Seiten) |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | 3 | |a Does climate change cause conflict? Did it cause the Syrian uprising? Some policymakers and academics have made this claim, but is it true? This study presents a new conceptual framework to evaluate this claim. Contributing to scholarship in the fields of critical security, environmental security, human security, and Arab politics, Marwa Daoudy prioritizes non-Western and marginalized perspectives to make sense of Syria's place in this international debate. Designing an innovative multidisciplinary framework and applying it to the Syrian case, Daoudy uses extensive field research and her own personal background as a Syrian scholar to present primary interviews with Syrian government officials and citizens, as well as the research of domestic Syrian experts, to provide a unique insight into Syria's environmental, economic and social vulnerabilities leading up to the 2011 uprising. (Verlagsbeschreibung) | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1960-2018 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 4 | |a Water security |z Syria | |
650 | 4 | |a Water-supply |x Political aspects |z Syria | |
650 | 4 | |a Food security |x Political aspects |z Syria | |
650 | 4 | |a Climatic changes |z Syria | |
650 | 4 | |a Human security |z Syria | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Landwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4034402-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Klimaänderung |0 (DE-588)4164199-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wassermangel |0 (DE-588)4257415-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bürgerkrieg in Syrien |0 (DE-588)1041651422 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 4 | |a Syria |x Environmental conditions | |
651 | 4 | |a Syria |x History |y Civil War, 2011- |x Environmental aspects | |
651 | 7 | |a Syrien |0 (DE-588)4058794-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Syrien |0 (DE-588)4058794-0 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Klimaänderung |0 (DE-588)4164199-1 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Wassermangel |0 (DE-588)4257415-8 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Landwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4034402-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 4 | |a Bürgerkrieg in Syrien |0 (DE-588)1041651422 |D s |
689 | 0 | 5 | |a Geschichte 1960-2018 |A z |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-188 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover |z 978-1-10847-608-9 |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback |z 978-1-108-46682-0 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
912 | |a ZDB-20-CBO |a ZDB-20-CHT | ||
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032112043 | ||
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 |l BSB01 |p ZDB-20-CBO |q BSB_PDA_CBO_Kauf |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 |l FUBA1 |p ZDB-20-CHT |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 |l UBA01 |p ZDB-20-CBO |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 |l UBG01 |p ZDB-20-CBO |q UBG_PDA_CBO_Kauf22 |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804181429040447488 |
---|---|
adam_txt | |
any_adam_object | |
any_adam_object_boolean | |
author | Daoudy, Marwa ca. 20./21. Jh |
author_GND | (DE-588)1196241406 |
author_facet | Daoudy, Marwa ca. 20./21. Jh |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Daoudy, Marwa ca. 20./21. Jh |
author_variant | m d md |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV046701501 |
classification_rvk | MH 74094 MH 74086 MS 9000 MH 74915 |
collection | ZDB-20-CBO ZDB-20-CHT |
ctrlnum | (ZDB-20-CBO)CR9781108567053 (OCoLC)1153987039 (DE-599)BVBBV046701501 |
dewey-full | 956.9104/231 |
dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
dewey-ones | 956 - Middle East (Near East) |
dewey-raw | 956.9104/231 |
dewey-search | 956.9104/231 |
dewey-sort | 3956.9104 3231 |
dewey-tens | 950 - History of Asia |
discipline | Politologie Soziologie Geschichte |
discipline_str_mv | Politologie Soziologie Geschichte |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/9781108567053 |
era | Geschichte 1960-2018 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1960-2018 |
format | Electronic eBook |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03909nmm a2200685 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV046701501</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230623 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">200504s2020 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="c">Online</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-108-56705-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1017/9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-20-CBO)CR9781108567053</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1153987039</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV046701501</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">956.9104/231</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MH 74094</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)122914:12054</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MH 74086</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)122914:12049</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MS 9000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123823:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MH 74915</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)122914:12223</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Daoudy, Marwa</subfield><subfield code="d">ca. 20./21. Jh.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1196241406</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The origins of the Syrian conflict</subfield><subfield code="b">climate change and human security</subfield><subfield code="c">Marwa Daoudy, Georgetown University</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 249 Seiten)</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Does climate change cause conflict? Did it cause the Syrian uprising? Some policymakers and academics have made this claim, but is it true? This study presents a new conceptual framework to evaluate this claim. Contributing to scholarship in the fields of critical security, environmental security, human security, and Arab politics, Marwa Daoudy prioritizes non-Western and marginalized perspectives to make sense of Syria's place in this international debate. Designing an innovative multidisciplinary framework and applying it to the Syrian case, Daoudy uses extensive field research and her own personal background as a Syrian scholar to present primary interviews with Syrian government officials and citizens, as well as the research of domestic Syrian experts, to provide a unique insight into Syria's environmental, economic and social vulnerabilities leading up to the 2011 uprising. (Verlagsbeschreibung)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1960-2018</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Water security</subfield><subfield code="z">Syria</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Water-supply</subfield><subfield code="x">Political aspects</subfield><subfield code="z">Syria</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Food security</subfield><subfield code="x">Political aspects</subfield><subfield code="z">Syria</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Climatic changes</subfield><subfield code="z">Syria</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Human security</subfield><subfield code="z">Syria</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Landwirtschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4034402-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Klimaänderung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4164199-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wassermangel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4257415-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bürgerkrieg in Syrien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1041651422</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Syria</subfield><subfield code="x">Environmental conditions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Syria</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">Civil War, 2011-</subfield><subfield code="x">Environmental aspects</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Syrien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4058794-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Syrien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4058794-0</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Klimaänderung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4164199-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Wassermangel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4257415-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Landwirtschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4034402-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Bürgerkrieg in Syrien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1041651422</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1960-2018</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-10847-608-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-108-46682-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield><subfield code="a">ZDB-20-CHT</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032112043</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="l">BSB01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield><subfield code="q">BSB_PDA_CBO_Kauf</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="l">FUBA1</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-20-CHT</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="l">UBA01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053</subfield><subfield code="l">UBG01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-20-CBO</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_CBO_Kauf22</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | Syria Environmental conditions Syria History Civil War, 2011- Environmental aspects Syrien (DE-588)4058794-0 gnd |
geographic_facet | Syria Environmental conditions Syria History Civil War, 2011- Environmental aspects Syrien |
id | DE-604.BV046701501 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T14:28:18Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:51:30Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781108567053 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032112043 |
oclc_num | 1153987039 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
physical | 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 249 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
psigel | ZDB-20-CBO ZDB-20-CHT ZDB-20-CBO BSB_PDA_CBO_Kauf ZDB-20-CBO UBG_PDA_CBO_Kauf22 |
publishDate | 2020 |
publishDateSearch | 2020 |
publishDateSort | 2020 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Daoudy, Marwa ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1196241406 aut The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security Marwa Daoudy, Georgetown University Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2020 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 249 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Does climate change cause conflict? Did it cause the Syrian uprising? Some policymakers and academics have made this claim, but is it true? This study presents a new conceptual framework to evaluate this claim. Contributing to scholarship in the fields of critical security, environmental security, human security, and Arab politics, Marwa Daoudy prioritizes non-Western and marginalized perspectives to make sense of Syria's place in this international debate. Designing an innovative multidisciplinary framework and applying it to the Syrian case, Daoudy uses extensive field research and her own personal background as a Syrian scholar to present primary interviews with Syrian government officials and citizens, as well as the research of domestic Syrian experts, to provide a unique insight into Syria's environmental, economic and social vulnerabilities leading up to the 2011 uprising. (Verlagsbeschreibung) Geschichte 1960-2018 gnd rswk-swf Water security Syria Water-supply Political aspects Syria Food security Political aspects Syria Climatic changes Syria Human security Syria Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Wassermangel (DE-588)4257415-8 gnd rswk-swf Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 gnd rswk-swf Syria Environmental conditions Syria History Civil War, 2011- Environmental aspects Syrien (DE-588)4058794-0 gnd rswk-swf Syrien (DE-588)4058794-0 g Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Wassermangel (DE-588)4257415-8 s Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 s Geschichte 1960-2018 z DE-188 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover 978-1-10847-608-9 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-108-46682-0 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext |
spellingShingle | Daoudy, Marwa ca. 20./21. Jh The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security Water security Syria Water-supply Political aspects Syria Food security Political aspects Syria Climatic changes Syria Human security Syria Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Wassermangel (DE-588)4257415-8 gnd Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4164199-1 (DE-588)4257415-8 (DE-588)1041651422 (DE-588)4058794-0 |
title | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security |
title_auth | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security |
title_exact_search | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security |
title_exact_search_txtP | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security |
title_full | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security Marwa Daoudy, Georgetown University |
title_fullStr | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security Marwa Daoudy, Georgetown University |
title_full_unstemmed | The origins of the Syrian conflict climate change and human security Marwa Daoudy, Georgetown University |
title_short | The origins of the Syrian conflict |
title_sort | the origins of the syrian conflict climate change and human security |
title_sub | climate change and human security |
topic | Water security Syria Water-supply Political aspects Syria Food security Political aspects Syria Climatic changes Syria Human security Syria Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Wassermangel (DE-588)4257415-8 gnd Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 gnd |
topic_facet | Water security Syria Water-supply Political aspects Syria Food security Political aspects Syria Climatic changes Syria Human security Syria Landwirtschaft Klimaänderung Wassermangel Bürgerkrieg in Syrien Syria Environmental conditions Syria History Civil War, 2011- Environmental aspects Syrien |
url | https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108567053 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT daoudymarwa theoriginsofthesyrianconflictclimatechangeandhumansecurity |