The dissidents: a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990
"It has been nearly three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union--enough time for the role that the courageous dissidents ultimately contributed to the communist system's collapse to have been largely forgotten, especially in the West. This book brings to life, for contemporary rea...
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Brookings Institution Press
[2020]
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Zusammenfassung: | "It has been nearly three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union--enough time for the role that the courageous dissidents ultimately contributed to the communist system's collapse to have been largely forgotten, especially in the West. This book brings to life, for contemporary readers, the often underground work of the men and women who opposed the regime and authored dissident texts, known as samizdat, that exposed the tyrannies and weaknesses of the Soviet state both inside and outside the country. Peter Reddaway spent decades studying the Soviet Union and got to know these dissidents and their work, publicizing their writings in the West and helping some of them to escape the Soviet Union and settle abroad. In this memoir he captures the human costs of the repression that marked the Soviet state, focusing in particular on Pavel Litvinov, Larisa Bogoraz, General Petro Grigorenko, Anatoly Marchenko, Alexander Podrabinek, Vyacheslav Bakhmin, and Andrei Sinyavsky. His book describes their courage but also puts their work in the context of the power struggles in the Kremlin, where politicians competed with and even succeeded in ousting one another. Reddaway's book takes readers beyond Moscow, describing politics and dissident work in other major Russian cities as well as in the outlying republics"-- |
Beschreibung: | vi, 338 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts, Karte |
ISBN: | 9780815737735 |
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520 | 3 | |a "It has been nearly three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union--enough time for the role that the courageous dissidents ultimately contributed to the communist system's collapse to have been largely forgotten, especially in the West. This book brings to life, for contemporary readers, the often underground work of the men and women who opposed the regime and authored dissident texts, known as samizdat, that exposed the tyrannies and weaknesses of the Soviet state both inside and outside the country. Peter Reddaway spent decades studying the Soviet Union and got to know these dissidents and their work, publicizing their writings in the West and helping some of them to escape the Soviet Union and settle abroad. In this memoir he captures the human costs of the repression that marked the Soviet state, focusing in particular on Pavel Litvinov, Larisa Bogoraz, General Petro Grigorenko, Anatoly Marchenko, Alexander Podrabinek, Vyacheslav Bakhmin, and Andrei Sinyavsky. His book describes their courage but also puts their work in the context of the power struggles in the Kremlin, where politicians competed with and even succeeded in ousting one another. Reddaway's book takes readers beyond Moscow, describing politics and dissident work in other major Russian cities as well as in the outlying republics"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | CONTENTS Introduction 1 ONE First Steps 5 TWO Graduate Studies 28 A Double Miracle THREE Immersion 38 Daily Life in Khrushchevs Russia FOUR Expulsion 69 Cultural Trends, Literary Friends, and the Sharp Edges ofthe Soviet State FIVE The Emergence of Dissent 103 Bringing Dissidents and the Emerging Human Rights Movement to the World’s Attention six The Other ’68 120 Upheaval in the Soviet Bloc and the Chronicle of Current Events SEVEN Two Early Giants of Soviet Dissent Marchenko and Grigorenko 132
VI Contents EIGHT Confronting the Naysayers in the West 150 NINE “The Mental State of Such People Is Not Normal” 164 Exposing the PoliticalAbuse ofPsychiatry TEN Dignity under Persecution 185 Dissent among the Ethnic Minorities ELEVEN Religious Persecution, Religious Dissent 196 TWELVE Fighting on Old and New Fronts 203 i()68 to iç8j THIRTEEN Publishing Samizdat in the West 215 FOURTEEN Dissent and Reform under Gorbachev 220 Uncertain Terrain FIFTEEN Upending Manufactured Schizophrenia 242 SIXTEEN The End: RIP USSR, 1917 to 1991 257 Some Conclusions 289 Works by Peter Reddaway Cited in This Volume, by Year 295 Notes 301 Subject Index 319 Names Index 329
SUBJECT INDEX Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Soviet Union, 63, 71 Action Group for the Defense of Human Rights, 170 Action Group for the Revival of Le ninism, 139 Afghanistan invasion by Soviets (1979), 165 African students, 92-97 Agricultural crisis, 62-65,108 Alexander Herzen Foundation, 3, 188, 216-19, 227 Alexander Nevsky Lavra (monasterycathedral-cemetery complex), 16 American Psychiatric Association, 175,178, 207,243, 256 American-Soviet Cinematographers, 266 Amnesty International, 2,123-24, 172,180,195,215,268 Anglo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, 150-52 Anti-Party Group, 66 Anti-Semitism, 43, 71, 98, 233, 265-66 Baptists, 107,119,123,138,184,196, 198, 202 Baylor University, 198 Bay of Pigs attack (1961), 33, 34 BBC, 2, 89,120,152,158, 206 Bedford Publications Company, 204-05 The Bell (magazine), 37 Berlin Wall, 26 Bez krėsta! [Without a cross!] (Tendryakov), 72 Black market, 11, 15, 262, 283 The Blind Beauty (Pasternak), 114 The Bluebottle (Valerii, pen name of Tarsis), 111 Bolshoi Theater, 13 The Brothers Karamazov (Dos toyevsky), 77 Cabdrivers, 53-55, 60, 62-63, 65, 88, 97, 235, 262, 268 319
320 Subject Index Cahiers du Samizdat (journal), 215 Commission on the Abuse of Psychia Cambridge University, 1, 9-10 try in the Soviet Union, 146 Canadian Psychiatric Association, 168 Common Sense about Russia (Con Cancer Ward (Solzhenitsyn), 159 quest), 28 The Captive Mind (Milosz), 28 Commonwealth of Independent Catastrophe and second birth (Gnedin), States, 288 218 The Communist Party ofthe Soviet The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger), 83 Union (Schapiro), 105-06 The cathedral (Honchar), 194 Communist Youth League. See Young Censorship, 39,42,75-76,109,115, Communist League 118,265 “The Companions” (Tarasenkova), 76 Central House of Writers, 265, Concentration camps, 43,46,158, 270-71 165,238 Chekhov Press, 204 Conference on Security and Coopera China: dissidents in, 113; and Gor tion in Europe, 146,164,179,234, bachev reforms, 221; and Soviet 247 invasion of Czechoslovakia, 128; Congress of People’s Deputies, Soviet relations with, 6, 91-92; 264-72 students from, 96 Congress of Soviet Writers, 118 Christianity, 23-25, 78, 80,133. See Corruption, 73,159,199, 222,242, also Baptists; Russian Orthodox 244-45,290 Church Crimean Tatars, 119,121-22,130, The Chronicle of Current Events 185-89,194,216,218 [Khronika tekushchikh sabytii , Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), 5, 120-31; author’s role in, 2,129-31, 33-34,108 204,215; concordance of, 129-31; Cuban Revolution (1958), 35 and Crimean Tatars, 187; founding Cuban students, 96 of, 119,121-23; smuggling out of Cybernetics, 138-39 Soviet Union, 124-27; and Soviet Czechoslovakia invasion by Soviet Jews, 191 Union (1968),
127-29,157-58 A Chronicle ofHuman Rights in the USSR (journal), 204,205 Daedalus journal, 28 Churches: in The Chronicle of Current Death penalty, 61 Events, 130; and demise of Soviet Democratic Party of Russia, 272 Union, 271-72; in Georgia, 21-22, The Demonstration in Pushkin Square 24,199-200; and Khrushchev, 81; (Litvinov), 218 and Soviet propaganda on religious Der Monat (magazine), 78 freedom, 201-02. See also Russian De-Stalinization, 34, 50, 59 Orthodox Church; specific churches Deutsche Welle (radio station), 89 CIA, 152,204-05,217,219 Dialectical materialism, 18 Civil society, 291-92. See also specific Dissonant Voices in Soviet Literature organizations (Blake), 36 Cold War in Psychiatry (Van Voren), 167 Dnepropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Columbia University, 3 Hospital, 179,180
Subject Index Dnieper River, 24 Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak), 71, 84, 85,110,114 “The Driver” (Kornilov), 35 Economic reforms, 59,231-33, 258-59,292 Electroshock therapy, 12 Emmanuel College, 14 Encounter journal, 36, 78,117 The Entry ofthe Slavs into Christendom (Vlasto), 10 Ethnic minorities, 185-95. See also specific ethnic groups European Writers’ Congress, 82 Express-Khronika (newspaper), 228-29 Expulsion: of author from Soviet Union, 47, 99,101-02; of Mat thews from Soviet Union, 91; of Soviet Society of Psychiatrists from WPA, 213; of Yeltsin from Central Committee, 224 Federation of African Students in the Soviet Union, 93, 94, 97 Food shortages, 62-65, 108, 276 France: Armenian immigrants in, 94; Bukovsky’s sentencing criticized in, 175; dissident movement in, 110; Sinyavsky’s emigration to, 156; Soviet psychiatric abuse con demned by, 179-81, 213 Frank Knox Fellowships, 29 From Tarusa to Chuna (Marchenko), 136 Frontier (journal), 198 Frunze Military Academy, 139 Fulbourn Hospital, 182 General Directorate for the Protec tion of State Secrets in the Press (Glavlit), 118 George Washington University, 3, 4 321 Georgia: church scandal in, 199-200; history of, 23-24; Land Rover trip to Soviet Union (1961), 21-24; and Meskhetians, 268; smuggling samiz dat out of, 127; sovereignty of, 282 Georgian Orthodox Church, 23,196, 199-200 Glasnost, 224, 226-27 Glavlit (General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press), 118 Gorbachev: His Life and Times (Taubman), 286 Gorky Institute of World Literature, 45 Gorky Theater, 73 Gorye ot Uma (Griboyedov), 73 The
Government and Politics ofthe Soviet Union (Schapiro), 106 Great Britain-USSR Association, 198 The Guardian, 2 The Hamlet (Faulkner), 77 Harvard University, 1, 29-35 Harvill Press, 114 The Hedgehog and the Fox (Berlin), 87 “The Heirs of Stalin” (Yevtushenko), 34 Helsinki Agreements (1975), 146, 164-65,179,192, 208, 209 Hermitage palace and museum, 15 Het Parool (newspaper), 125, 216 Historical Archives Institute, 261, 265,276 Hokkaido University, 220 Homosexuality, 43, 78, 80-81,159 Hospitals. See Psychiatric abuse for political purposes; specific institu tions How Russia Is Ruled (Fainsod), 30 “How Socialist Is the Soviet Union?” (Reddaway), 27 How to Say All of This? (Tarasenkova), 76
322 Subject Index Human rights movement: and Chron icle ofCurrent Events, 120-31; emergence of, 109-13; maturation of, 117-19. See also specific organiza tions Hungarian Revolution, 7 I. F. Stone’s Weekly, 36 IAPUP (International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry), 213, 243 ICM (International Committee of Mathematicians), 179-80 Independent Psychiatric Association, 232 Index on Censorship (Writers and Scholars International), 159 Indonesian students, 96 Information Research Department (Britain), 123 Inostrannaya Literatura (journal), 74, 76 “Inside Russia’s Concentration Camps” (Reddaway), 136 Institute for Slavic Research at Hok kaido University, 220 Institute for Soviet and East European Studies, 221 Institute for the World Economy and International Relations, 264 Institute of Criminal Psychology, 52 Institute of International Relations (Moscow), 60 Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies, 45 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty (1987), 224 International Association on the Po litical Use of Psychiatry (IAPUP), 213,243 International Committee of Math ematicians (ICM), 179-80 International Congress of Psycho therapy, 177 International Foundation for the Survival and Development of Mankind, 225 International Helsinki Federation, 234,245 Internationalism or russification? A study in the Soviet nationalities prob lem (Dzyuba), 193 International Metal Federation, 221 International Physicians for the Pre vention of Nuclear War, 244 Internatsionalizm chy rusyfikatsiia [Internationalism or russification ? A study in the Soviet nationalities problem]
(Dzyuba), 193 InvoluntaryJourney to Siberia (Amalrik), 114,152,153,217-18 Ireland, author’s Russian language studies in, 6-9 Israel, emigration to, 130,135, 190-92 “Is the Soviet Union on the Road to Anarchy?” (Reddaway), 258 Izvestia (newspaper), 64,161, 253, 274 Japanese Institute of International Affairs, 221 Jews: and demise of Soviet Union, 265-66, 271; and dissident move ment, 190-92,194; emigration to Israel, 130,135,190-92; and human rights movement, 119; and Lysenko, 71; and Moscow Music Conservatory scandal (1964), 80. See also Anti-Semitism Jvari Church, 21-22 Kak eto vse skazať? [How to Say All of This? (Tarasenkova), 76 Karatel naya meditsina [Punitive Medi cine] (Podrabinek), 146,183 Katastrofa і vtoroe rozhdenie [Catastro phe and second birth] (Gnedin), 218 Kaunas University, 4
Subject Index Kazan Cathedral, 16 Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, 253 Kennan Institute for Advanced Rus sian Studies, 3,220,225 Keston Center for Religion, Politics, and Society, 198 Keston College, 3,196-98 Keston Institute in Oxford, 198 Keston News Service, 197 KGB: and African student protest, 94; author investigated by, 45, 98, 101—02; and Chronicle of Current Events, 121,125-26,130; and Crimean Tatars, 188; and demise of Soviet Union, 260, 263, 267-68, 271, 273-74, 278, 285,287; and dissident movement, 110—11,113; and Georgian Orthodox Church, 200; under Gorbachev, 233-34; and Grigorenko, 139-40,144-46, 148-49; Johnson’s notebooks con fiscated by, 31; and Keston College, 197; under Khrushchev, 1, 5; and Land Rover trip (1961), 14-15,23, 25-26; and Marchenko, 134-35; at Moscow Pedagogical State University, 42; and NTS, 36-37; Pasternak’s notes confiscated by, 70; and poets, 78-79; and psychi atric abuse for political purposes, 208-12, 246,248,250, 254; recruitment campaigns, 49-50; and religious persecution, 202; Sol zhenitsyn’s archives confiscated by, 111; spying on students at Moscow State University, 40-41, 90-91; and Sverstyuk, 232; USSR-Great Britain Society secretly run by, 40; writers investigated by, 82 Khronika Press, 204,205, 215 Khronika tekushchikh sobytii. See The Chronicle of Current Events Khrushchev’s Russia (Crankshaw), 28 323 Kiev, Land Rover trip to (1961), 24-25 King’s College, 14, 99 Kommersant (newspaper), 274 Kommunist journal, 64 Komsomol. See Young Communist League Krestovyi Pass, 24 Kurile Islands, 221 Labor camps: author’s research
on, 136,138; Bukovsky in, 113,183; Czechoslovakia protestors sen tenced to, 129-30; Daniel in, 110, 112; Gorbachev’s use of, 222; Grigorenko in, 141; Khrushchevs use of, 6,166; Levitin in, 199; Marchenko in, 132,133,136, 142; number of political prison ers in, 148-49; Pailodze in, 200; and psychiatric abuse, 175-76; refuseniks in, 191; Shtarkman in, 80; Sinyavsky in, 78,110,112; Solzhenitsyn on, 6, 111; YeseninVolpin in, 110 Land Rover trip to Soviet Union (1961), 14-27; in Georgia, 21-24; in Kiev, 24-25; in Leningrad, 15-17; in Lvov, 25-26; in Moscow, 17-20; in Uzhgorod, 26 Latin American students, 96 A leafofspring (Yesenin-Volpin), 110 Lenin: The Man, the Theorist, the Leader; a Reappraisal (Reddaway Schapiro eds.), 2,103-04 Leningradskaya Pravda (newspaper), 79 Leningrad Special Psychiatric Hospi tal, 141-42,168,248 Leningrad University, 33 Lenin Library, 41 Lenin’s tomb, 13, 67 Lenin Teachers College, 80 Lev Gurych Sinichkin (vaudeville comedy), 72
324 Subject Index The Listener (magazine), 152,154 Literaturnaya Gazeta, 86, 254 London School of Economics, 1-2, 30,103-19,203 Lord ofthe Flies (Golding), 75, 76 Lvov, Land Rover trip to (1961), 25-26 Mafia, 262,265-66, 272, 278 The Mansion (Faulkner), 77 Manual on Psychiatryfor Dissidents (Gluzman Bukovsky), 176 Marxism-Leninism, 11,18, 52, 59, 72, 88,108 Meditsinkskaya gazeta, 242 Memorial (organization), 237-38, 261, 269-70, 276 Memories ofa Tatar childhood (Amalrik), 218 Mental hospitals. See Psychiatric abuse for political purposes Meskhetians, 119,123,130, 268 Military Technology Academy, 138 Moipokazaniya [My Testimony] (Marchenko), 118,133,142,218 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939— 1941), 35, 64 Morning Star (newspaper), 181 Moscow: author’s visit (1960), 10-13; author’s visit (1961), 17-20; au thor’s visit (1963), 38-68; author’s visit (1988), 225-35; author’s visit (1990), 259-83; crime in, 52-53; housing in, 65 Moscow Energy Institute, 70 Moscow Group to Promote the Imple mentation of the Helsinki Agree ments in the USSR, 146 Moscow Human Rights Committee, 170,177, 203, 231 Moscow Institute of Psychiatry, 183 Moscow Music Conservatory, 80 Moscow Pedagogical State University, 12,19, 42 Moscow School of Psychiatry, 170 Moscow State University: author’s studies at, 1,13, 29, 38-68; De partment for Foreigners (Inotdel), 40-41, 91 Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, 16 MVD (Ministry of Internal Affairs), 250,264,267,268,273,274 Mysli sumasshedshego Thoughts ofa madman (Grigorenko), 218 My Testimony (Marchenko), 118, 133, 142,218 National Academy of
Sciences (U.S.), 177-78 National Conference on Soviet Jewry, 191 National Council of Churches (U.S.), 201, 202 NBC News, 201, 202 Ne khlebom edinym (Dudintsev), 74 Neo-Leninism, 49 New Society (magazine), 152,153 New York Review ofBooks, 2, 3 New York Times, 3,133 Nezhelannoeputeshestvie v Sibir [Invol untary Journey to Siberia] (Amalrik), 114,152,153,217-18 NKVD, 238 Not by BreadAlone (Dudintsev), 28 “Notes from Underground” (Reddaway), 131 Novgorod, Land Rover trip to (1961), 17 Novocherkassk massacre (1962), 60 Novosibirsk Institute for Sociological Research, 266-67 Novosti (newspaper), 181 Novyi mir (magazine), 47, 75, 76, 111 NTS (Narodno-Trudovoi Soyuz), 36-37
Subject Index The Observer (newspaper), 2 Ogonyok (magazine), 271 OMON (Otryad Militsii Osobogo Naznacheniya, Special Purpose Police Unit), 273 One Day in the Life ofIvan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn), 6, 34, 43, 111 The Origin ofthe CommunistAutocracy (S chápiro), 105 Orthodox Church. See Georgian Or thodox Church; Russian Orthodox Church “O spetsial’nykh psikhiatricheskikh bol’nitsakh (‘Durdomakh’)” (Grigorenko), 139 Of Tarusy do Chuny [From Tarusa to Chuna] (Marchenko), 136 Pamyat movement, 233-34, 269 Pan-African Union, 93, 94, 96 Patrice Lumumba University, 92-93, 95, 98 Peace News, 2 People’s Labor Union, 36 , Peredelkino complex, 57 Perestroika, 227,229,231-32,235-39, 278-79 Permanent Exhibition of Economic Achievements (Moscow), 17 Peterhof palace, 12,15 Poemsfrom captivity (Daniel), 218,227 Poetka: Kniga оpamyati: Natalya Gorbanevskaya [Poet: Book in memory ofNatalya Gorbanevskaya] (Ulitskaya), 122 Poets, 35,59, 74-76,78-80, 87, 325 Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR (Amnesty International), 180 Prison hospitals, 143,187, 250, 254-55 Private Eye (magazine), 159-60 Problems of Communism (journal), 108-09,199 Propaganda, 55, 73, 95-96,152,171, 201-02,225,248 Protsess chetyrekh [The Trial ofthe Four] (Litvinov), 118-19,218 Psychiatric abuse for political pur poses, 164-84, 206-14, 242-56; author’s role in investigating, 2-3, 12-13, 226, 246-56,276; Com mission on the Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union, 146; and dissident movement, 111, 146-47; origins of, 165-68; smuggling documentation out of Soviet Union, 124; U.S. psychiatrists in specting Soviet
institutions, 12-13, 246-56; Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes, 2-3,183, 208-14; Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals, 168,169,172, 176. See also World Psychiatric As sociation Punitive Medicine (Podrabinek), 146, 183 Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, 15 A Question ofMadness (Medvedev 8c Medvedev), 167,171 111-12,122 Politburo, 1,5-6,59,66,107,113, 222-23 “Poputchiki” [The Companions] (Tarasenkova), 76 Pravda, 34, 163,166 Press Club Glasnost, 234 Preuves (magazine), 78 Radio Free America, 173 Radio Free Europe, 151, 205-06 Radio Liberty, 2, 89,123,126,151, 158,188,205-06,215-16 Rationalism and Nationalism in Nine teenth Century Russian Political Thought (Schapiro), 106
326 Subject Index Reddaway, Peter: at Cambridge University, 9-10; career overview, 1-4; expulsion from Soviet Union, 47, 99, 101-02; at Harvard Uni versity, 29-35; KGB surveillance of, 98-102; at London School of Economics, 103-19; at Moscow State University, 1, 13, 29, 38-68; psychiatric hospital inspections by, 246-56; Russian language studies, 1, 6-9; trip to Soviet Union (1960), 10-13; trip to Soviet Union (1961), 14-27; trip to Soviet Union (1963), 38-68; trip to Soviet Union (1988), 225-35; trip to Soviet Union (1989), 246-56; trip to Soviet Union (1990), 259-83 Red Square at Noon (Gorbanevskaya), 129 Refuseniks, 190-92, 232,268 Religion in Communist Lands (journal), 197,199,200 Religious persecution and dissent, 196-202 “Requiem” (Akhmatova), 75, 84 The Rise and Fall ofT. D. Lysenko (Medvedev), 111 Roads in Soviet Union, 20-21 Routledge Journals, 123 Royal College of Psychiatrists, 176-80, 210, 256 Russian Academy of Sciences, 45 The Russian Financial System (Red daway), 7 Russian Orthodox Church, 198, 201-02, 229-30 Russian Research Center (Harvard), 30, 32 Russia’s Domestic Security Wars (Red daway), 3 Russia s Political Hospitals: The Abuse ofPsychiatry in the Soviet Union (Bloch Reddaway), 183, 207 Russkaya mysl’ (newspaper), 216 St. Antony’s College, Oxford, 29 St. Basil’s Cathedral, 13 Samizdat: emergence of, 88; publica tion in West, 2, 215-19; religious, 198-99; sabotage by Bethell and Burg, 156-61; smuggling out of Soviet Union, 124-27. See also specific publications Serbsky Institute of Forensic Psychia try, 139-40,142,145,165,167,
169,174,177,182,184,235,245, 255 Sintaksis (journal), 60 Slepaya krasavitsa [The Blind Beauty] (Pasternak), 114 Sluggish repressions (Shifrin), 167 “Sluggish schizophrenia” diagnosis, 244, 246, 251 Smolensk under Soviet Rule (Fainsod), 30 Smolny Institute, 16 Smuggling samizdat out of Soviet Union, 124-27 Sobor [The cathedral (Honchar), 194 Society for Friendship with Foreign Countries, 90, 91 Solovki Power (film), 238 Sotsialisticheskaya industriya (journal), 242 Sovetskaya Rossiya (newspaper), 163 Soviet Academy of Science, 265 The Soviet Mafia (Vaksberg), 265 Soviet Psychiatric Abuse (Bloch Red daway), 230 Soviet Psychiatric Society, 243, 245-46, 252 Soviet Society of Psychiatrists, 175, 178,182, 213 Soviet Studies (journal), 108 Sovremennik Theater, 57, 87 The Spectator (magazine), 152,153 Spring Torrents (Turgenev), 106 START arms control agreement (1991), 284
Subject Index State Committee on Emergency Rule, 285 State Russian Museum (Leningrad), 15 Stikhi iz nevoli Poemsfrom captivity] (Daniel), 218,227 Student (journal), 156-57 Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry, 191 Suchasnisť (journal), 146 Survey: AJournal ofEast and West Studies, 107 TASS, 133 Taxi drivers. See Cabdrivers Theatrical works, 72-74 Thoughts ofa madman (Grigorenko), 218 “Thoughts on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Free dom” (Sakharov), 125, 292 Time magazine, 95, 97 The Times, 2, 109 To Live like Everyone (Marchenko), 136 Totalitarianism (Schapiro), 106 The Town (Faulkner), 77 Translators, 114-17 Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow), 16 The Trial (Kafka), 74, 76, 83 The Trial ofthe Four (Litvinov), 118-19,218 Turgenev: His Life and Times (Schap iro), 106 Ukraine: dissident movement in, 111, 121,123,191-95; Dnepropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital, 179, 180; independence of, 287-88, 289; smuggling samizdat out of, 127 Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 146 Ukrainian Public Group to Assist the Implementation of the Helsinki Agreements, 194 Uncensored Russia (Reddaway), 2,136, 162,195 327 UN Commission on Human Rights, 211 Union Treaty, 259,261,284-85,288 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN), 121 U.S. Information Agency, 109 USSR-Great Britain Society, 13, 15, 17, 22, 40,198 Utrenniepoezda (film), 72 Uzhgorod, Land Rover trip to (1961), 26 “Vasili Terkin” (Tvardovsky), 43 Vesennie vody [Spring Torrents] (Tur genev), 106 Vesenniy list [A leaf ofspring] (YeseninVolpin), 110 Voice of America, 89,188, 206 Volga-Don Canal, 67 Vospominaniya tatarskoga detstva
[.Memories ofa Tatar childhood] (Amalrik), 218 Vyalotekushchie repressii Sluggish repressions] (Shifrin), 167 Ward 7: An Autobiographical Novel (Tarsis), 111 Washington Post, 3, 258 Western radio broadcasts, 44, 89, 205-06 Will the Soviet Union Survive until 1984? (Amalrik), 152,218 Without a cross! (Tendryakov), 72 Women’s Campaign for Soviet Jewry, 191 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 220 Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes, 2-3,183, 208-14 Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals, 168,169,172,176 World Council of Churches, 201
328 Subject Index World Federation for Mental Health, 170 World Health Organization, 211 World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 168-77,183,206-13,243, 245-46,252 Writers and Scholars International, 159-60 Writers’ Union, 35,57, 71, 76-78, 81, 235,263-65 The Yershov Brothers (Kochetov), 31 Young Communist League (Komso mol), 13,18, 39, 272 Zhivi kak vse [7o Live like Everyone] (Marchenko), 136
NAMES INDEX Abalkin, Leonid, 241, 259, 287 Abram, Helena, 172,174 Abramov, Fyodor, 63 Adelson, Abram, 71 Adelson, Stella, 71 Adzhubei, Aleksei, 86, 279 Afanasiev, Yuri, 239, 259, 261-62 Aitken, Eleanor, 169, 310n9 Akhmadulina, Bella, 74, 77, 303n4 Akhmatova, Anna, 75, 78, 79, 83-84, 116, 303n4 Akhromeyev, Sergei, 259,267 Alekseyeva, Lyudmila, 187,194 Alexeyeva, Lyudmila, 122, 222 Aliyev, Femi, 189 Alksnis, Viktor, 263,267 Altshuler, Boris, 237 Amalrik, Andrei, 114,122,125, 152-56,216,217,218 Amalrik, Gyuzel, 156,218 Andreyev, Nikolai, 10 Andreyeva, Nina, 236,239 Andriyanov, V., 242 Andropov, Yuri, 2,113,148-49,166, 263,271, 286 Anikst, Alexander, 82, 83 Antonenko, Elena, 90 Arapetyan, L. A., 271 Ardov, Viktor, 84 Arkhipov, Tolya, 39-40, 90 Arzhak, Nikolai (pen name of Daniel), 110 Astor, David, 159-60,172 Astrachan, Anthony, 126 Babayan, Eduard, 207,242 Babel, Isaac, 117 Babitsky, Konstantin, 127 Baeva, Tatiana, 127 Baibakov, Nikolai, 263 Bakatin, Vadim, 273,277 Baker, James, 260 Bakhmin, Tanya, 230-31 Bakhmin, Vyacheslav, 208,230-31 Baklanov, Oleg, 285 Balear, Joan, 205 329
330 Names Index Barabanov, Yevgeny, 124 Batkin, Leonid, 239 Bayley, John, 116-17 Belkin, Aron, 232-33, 238, 242, 244, 245,262-63 Bergson, Abram, 31 Beria, Lavrenty, 52 Berlin, Isaiah, 32, 86-87, 308nl Berman, Harold, 33 Bernstein, Bob, 234 Bethell, Nicholas, 156-61,309n5 Bezborodov, Dmitry, 277 Bezemer, Jan, 216,218 Billington, James, 225 Birman, Igor, 274 Birshtein, Vadim, 268-70, 276 Bishop, Tony, 37 Bitov, Andrei, 88 Black, Anthony, ЗОІпЗ Black, Mrs., 30 Blake, Patricia, 36, 57, 75, 78,114, 115,116,117, 305n32 Blakeley, Denis, 120,124 Bloch, Sidney, 2,165,207,210,230, 233, 314n6 Blok, Alexander, 83 Blom-Cooper, Louis, 182 Bogoraz, Larissa, 117-18,125,127, 134-35,136,194, 216,226-27, 231,234, 276 Boldin, Valery, 285 Boll, Heinrich, 76 Bonavia, David, 126 Boniecki, George, 198 Bonner, Elena “Lyusya,” 224-25,226, 234, 237 Bonnie, Richard, 247,252 Borisov, V, 169 Bourdeaux, Michael, 3,106,124, 196-97,202,216, ЗІЗпЗ Brandt, Willy, 32 Brecht, Berthold, 77 Breitburt, Grigoriy, 76, 78 Brezhnev, Leonid, 2, 6, 47, 68,108, 146,177,224-25,262 Brimelow, Thomas, 32,101 Brodsky, Joseph, 78-80 Brooke, Gerald, 137 Broué, Michel, 179,180 Brown, Clarence, 117 Brown, George, 150,151 Browne, Michael (pen name for Swo boda), 193, 313nl5 Brumberg, Abraham, 156, 314nl Brumberg, Josie, 314nl Brzeziński, Zbigniew, 32 Bukovsky, Vladimir, 112,113,114, 124,166,167-71,173-75,180, 183,206,256, 310n9 Bulganin, Nikolai, 55 Bunich, Pavel, 239 Burbulis, Gennady, 258 Burg, David (pen name for A. Dol berg), 156—61 Burlatsky, Fyodor, 234,264, 266 Bush, George H. W., 283,284 Buyanov, Mikhail, 245
Bystretsova, Lyusya, 245 Calder, Angus, ЗОІпЗ Camus, Albert, 48 Carlisle, Olga Andreyev, 70-71 Carr, E. H., 105 Castro, Fidel, 33, 61 Catherine the Great, 8,10,24 Chaadayev, Pyotr, 140 Chalidze, Valery, 124,126,203-04, 205,215, 224 Chandos, John, 173 Chaplin, Sid, 83 Chazov, Yevgeny, 226,244,246,247, 250,255,262 Chebrikov, Viktor, 246 Chen Guancheng, 113 Cheney, Dick, 263 Chernenko, Konstantin, 2
Names Index Chodoff, Paul, 207 Chornovil, Vyacheslav, 193, 313nl5 Chukovsky, Kornei, 48, 79, 86-87 Churkin, Alexander, 246,247,254,255 Clark, David, 176,182 Cohen, Stephen, 124 Cole, William, 126,168 Conquest, Robert, 28,154,155 Cook, Paul, 124 Corti, Mario, 124,126 Corvalan, Luis, 183 Couriss, Elizaveta, 7, 8-9 Couriss, Nikolai, 6-7, 8-9 Crankshaw, Edward, 28, 309n7 Cranston, Maurice, 105,151 Critchlow, James, 206 Croan, Melvin, 31, 33 Crosland, Anthony, 32 Cross, Tony, 46 Crowfoot, John, 228 Daniel, Sanya, 226, 276-77 Daniel, Yuli, 2, 60,110,112,117-18, 129,134,218,226-27,276 David V (patriarch), 200 Davis, Kathryn W., 302nl Davis, Shelby Cullom, 302nl Davitashvili, Dzhuna, 262 Degras, Jane, 304n6 Delaunay, Vadim, 127 Dementiev, A. G., 48 Deng Xiaoping, 221 Denikin, Anton, 7 Deutscher, Isaac, 32 Devdariani, Khariton, 200 Dewhirst, Martin, 2,4,28-29,34, 36-37,69,115,124,126,158,309n5 Dicks, Henry, 180 Djemilev, Mustafa, 189, 308n28 Djilas, Milovan, 44 Dolberg, Alexander, 156 Dolmatovsky, Yevgeny, 77 Dornan, Peter, 123,126, 206, 215-16 331 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 77 Douglas-Home, Alec, 54 Dremliuga, Vladimir, 127 Dubček, Alexander, 127 Dudintsev, Vladimir, 28, 74 Dunham, Vera, 133, 307n5 Dunlop, John, 286 Durrell, Lawrence, 83 Dzasokhov, Alexander, 273 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 250 Dzhemilev, Mustafa, 189 Dzyuba, Ivan, 193 Efrem II (patriarch), 200 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 81, 82, 88 Eker, Rita, 191, 232 Eliot, T. S., 19 Ellis, Jane, 124 Elvin, Mark, 35-36 Emelkina, Nadezhda, 122 Erickson, John, 104 Fadin, Andrei, 260 Fainberg, Viktor, 127,129,169,171, 179,181 Fainsod, Merle, 29, 30, 33,
34,105 Farquharson, Marjorie, 123-24 Farrand, William, 247 Faulkner, William, 77, 83 Fedin, Konstantin, 48, 84 Fedorov, Nikolai, 45, 235 Feltrinelli, Giangiacomo, 71 Figgis, Anthony, 14,20 Filippov, Boris, 70 Finn, Patrick, 14 Fisher, Elizabeth, 216,217 Flegon, Alex, 156,157 Florovsky, Georges, 32 Frank, Victor, 206 Freedman, Alfred, 178, 311n24 Friendly, Alfred, 126 Fukalov, Viktor, 249-50 Fulbright, William, 151
332 Names Index Furov, Vasily, 202 Furtseva, Ekaterina, 82 Gabai, Galya, 122 Gabai, Ilya, 189 Gachev, Georgy, 45 Galanskov, Yuri, 111-12,118,129, 137, 307nl4 Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 124,268 Gan, Vitaly, 163 Gerstenmaier, Cornelia, 275 Gilbert, Martin, 313nl4 Gindilis, Viktor, 244,245, 316n9 Ginzburg, Alexander, 60,111-12, 118,129,137,157, 228, 304nl3 Ginzburg, Eugenia, 134 Glazunov, Ilya, 80 Glick, Stephen, 124 Gluzman, Semyon, 145,147,176-78, 180,210,231-32,243,255, 310nl7 Gnedin, Yevgeny, 218 Goldberg, Anatol, 120,162 Golding, William, 75, 76 Gollancz, Livia, 166 Gollancz, Victor, 166, 309n3 Goodman, Bob, 29-30 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 3,163,167,188, 195,214,218,220-41,257-61, 263,267,268,269,272-74, 283-88,291,293,315n3, 316n2 Gorbachev, Raisa, 285 Gorbanevskaya, Natalya, 122,127-28, 129,169, 268, 306n8 Gorbunov, E., 311n34 Granin, Daniil, 49 Griboyedov, Alexander, 73 Grigor, John, 207 Grigorenko, Andrei, 147, 308n28 Grigorenko, Pyotr, 122,129,138-48, 169,176,177,187,208,218,232, 243, 250, 308n21, 308n28, 310nl7 Grigorenko, Zinaida, 144 Grigoryants, Sergei, 229 Grivnina, Irina, 208 Gromov, Boris, 238, 263,264,267, 268, 317n20 Guevara, Che, 35 Gurevich, Naum, 157 Gushchin, Lev, 271 Haimson, Leopold, 28 Hampshire, Stuart, 309n7 Harari, Manya, 85, 111, 114-15,118, 124 Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 221 Havel, Vaclav, 270 Hayward, Max, 28, 29, 36, 85,114, 115-17,134,152,304nl3,305n32, ЗОбпЗ Heath, Edward, 159 Herzen, Alexander, 216 Hewett, Ed, 238 Hikmet, Nazim, 87 Hill, Elizabeth, 8,9 Hitler, Adolf, 64, 309n3 Honchar, Oles, 194 Hood, Stuart, 154 Hosking, Geoffrey, 291 Hough, Jerry, 258, 316n2
Howard-Johnston, Xenia, 197 Hugh-Jones, Stephen, 107 Hurst, Mark, 313nl Huytan, Konstantin, 124 Idrisov, Nail, 254 Ilchenko, Anatoly, 253-54 H’ichev, Leonid, 35,57, 70, 77, 82, 92 Il’insky, Igor, 73 Ilya, Bishop, 200 Ilya II (patriarch), 200 Ingrams, Richard, 160 Ionesyan (serial killer), 52 Irteneva, Natalya Ferdinandovna, 12-13,19-20, 42-43 Ivanov, Mr. (economist), 63 Ivanov, N. K., 64 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 84 Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 84
Names Index Ivanov, Yuri, 136,137 Ivinskaya, Olga, 85 Jenner, Alec, 169-70 John XXIII (pope), 48 Johnson, Priscilla, 31-32,156, 302n4 Jones, D. A. N., 152—56, 306n2 Joravsky, David, 28 Joyce, James, 83 Kafka, Franz, 76, 83 Kaganovich, Lazar, 66, 67, 71, 269 Kaiser, Robert, 126 Kalb, Marvin, 32-33 Kamalov, V., 253 Kaminskaya, Dina, 189 Kamm, Henry, 154 Katanyan, Vasily, 76 Katayev, Valentin, 32 Katya (Moscow friend), 65-67 Keenan, Edward, 31, 32 Keep, John, 104 Keith, Dr., 251 Kennedy, John F., 5-6, 33, 34, 58, 89 Keratishvili, Bidzina, 200 Kharitonov, Ella, 46 Kharitonov, Olga, 263 Kharitonov, Volodya, 45-46, 263, 270 Khasina, Natalya, 232 Khodorovich, Tatyana, 122,147,180, 311n29 Khrushchev, Nikita, 1, 5-6, 7, 29, 33, 34, 35,62-65, 66, 70, 77, 81, 107-08,139,166,183-84,193, 224, 270, 302n5, 303n8 Kimura, Hiroshi, 220-21 Kissinger, Henry, 33,177 Klein, Joel, 248 Kline, Ed, 203,204,205,224,226 Klose, Kevin, 126 Knight, Amy, 286 Knipovich, Elena, 83 Kochetov, Vsevolod, 30-31, 48, 67, 302n6 333 Kochubievsky, Boris, 190 Kohl, Helmut, 275 Koridze, David, 200 Korin, Pavel, 81 Korneichuk, Alexander, 73 Kornilov, Vladimir, 35, 87, 302n5 Korotich, Vitaly, 238, 271 Koryagin, Anatoly, 167, 210,211-12, 213,214, 243 Kosterin, Aleksei, 122,187 Kosygin, Aleksei, 6,144,150 Kovalev, Andrei, 167, 247 Kovalev, Sergei, 122,226,231, 234, 265, 270 Kozlov, Frol, 82 Kozyrev, Andrei, 231 Krasin, Viktor, 162 Krasovitsky (poet), 80 Kravchuk, Leonid, 287 Kruchyonykh, Aleksei, 80 Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 273,285 Kudashev, Boris, 13,17-19, 43-45, ЗОІпЗ Kuzichkin, Vladimir, 317nll Kuzmina, Lyudmila, 249
Kuznetsov, V, 169 Labedz, Leopold, 28, 32,107,154, 304nl3 Laird, Bruce, 123 Lakshin, Vladimir, 48 Landa, Malva, 226-27 Lang, David, 200 Lapidus, Gail W., 291 Latynina, Alla, 264 Lavut, Alexander, 226 Lawrence, D. H., 83 Lawrence, John, 197-98 Lebedeva, Svetlana, 42 Lebedev, Valery, 12-13,19, 42-43 Leddington, Roger, 126 Leigh, Denis, 171,173-74,175,177 Lenchevsky, Oleg, 99-102,161 Lenchevsky, Valentina, 99-102
334 Names Index Lenin, Vladimir, 18,103-04,185, 290 Leonhard, Wolfgang, 32 Levitan, Isaak, 16 Levitansky, Yuri, 74, 303n4 Levitin, Anatoly, 199 Levitskaya, Natalya Grigorevna, 269 Lewis, Anthony, 154 Li Jiangjie, 221 Liberman, Yevgeny, 59 Lieko, Pavel, 159 Lieven, Dominic “Chai,” 7 Lieven, Pavel, 7, 8 Ligachev, Yegor, 223,224,233, 236, 237, 244, 317nl5 Link, Perry, 305n23 Litvinov, Maxim, 120, 203 Litvinov, Pavel, 113,114,118-19, 120-21,122,124,125,127, 204, 216,217 Low-Beer, Gerard, 147,176,178,181 Lowenthal, Richard, 32 Lown, Bernard, 244 Lu Nanquan, 221 Lubarsky, Cronid, 126, 228, 315n7 Lukyanov, Anatoly, 286 Lumumba,“ Patrice, 93 Lunts, Daniil, 140,145,165 Lysak, Pyotr, 142 Lysenko, Trofim, 71, 111 Magyar, Paul, 7,11,109 Malenkov, Georgy, 55, 66 Mandelshtam, Osip, 80, 84, ЗОЗпб Mann, A., 242 Mann, Thomas, 152 Mao Zedong, 6, 92 Marchenko, Anatoly, 118,129, 132-38,142,147, 217, ЗОбпЗ Maretskaya, Vera, 46 Markham, David, 125,172 Marmor, Helen, 201,202 Marshak, Samuil, 79 Maryamov, A. M., 48 Masagaki, Miiko, 221 Masagaki, Shin-ichi, 221 Mathon, Tania, 124 Matlock, Jack, 232, 260-61, 264 Matthews, Mervyn, 91 Maugham, Somerset, 263 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 76, 85, 305n32 McBride, Sean, 123 Medvedev, Roy, 167, 317nl4 Medvedev, Zhores, 110-11,167,170, 177,255 Mee, Cornelia (pen name of Aitken), 310n9 Meeus, Anthony de, 123,215 Meierhold, Vsevolod, 73 Meilakh, Misha, 73, 78, 86 Meiman, Naum, 234 Men, Alexander, 276 Menglet, Georgy, 73 Men’shagin, Boris, 268, 269 Mercer, David, 154 Mercer, Ellen, 167,248, 252 Meri, Lennart, 58 Merskey, Harold, 178 Metchenko, Aleksei, 41, 84
Mikhailenko, Anna, 248-49, 250 Mikhailovsky, Boris, 41 Mikhalkov, Sergei, 82 Mikoyan, Anastas, 186 Miller, Boris, 37 Miloradovich, Serafim, 215 Milosz, Czeslaw, 28 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 41, 47, 66 Moore, Barrington, Jr., 34 Morozov, Georgy, 165,177,178,182, 235,245,254, 260 Morton, Miriam, 87 Nathans, Ben, 4 Neigauz, Stanislav, 80 Nekrasov, Viktor, 47, 81,180, 302n5 Neumann, Jochen, 167 Nevsky, Alexander, 17
Names Index Ni Xiaoquan, 221 Nicholas I (tsar), 140 Nixon, Richard, 175,177 Noel-Paton, Duncan, 14,19, 26 Nordlinger, Jay, 305n23 Nove, Alec, 32,103-04 Novikov, Yuri, 182, 311n35 Odnopozov, Naum (pen name of Gurevich), 157 Ogurtsov, Igor, 307nl4 Okhotin, Nikita, 270 Oksman, Yulian, 82 Okudzhava, Bulat, 82,266 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 66 Orlov, Yuri, 146, 308n26 Oswald, Lee Harvey, 89 Otto, Gisela, 209, 314-15nll Ovechkin, Valentin, 35, 48 Owen, David, 210 Ozerov, Lev, 84 Pailodze, Valentina, 200 Palazchenko, Pavel, 258 Panasenko, V. A., 253 Pantin, Volodya, 142-43 Pasternak, Alexander, 13, 66-67, 69-71, 84-86 Pasternak, Boris, 13, 69-71, 84-85, 110,114,115,116 Pasternak, Elena, 70 Pasternak, Yevgeniya, 70 Pasternak, Zhenia, 70-72, 85 Pasternak, Zinaida, 71, 85 Patch, Isaac, 205 Paustovsky, Konstantin, 48, 57 Pavlov, Sergei, 60 Pavlov, Valentin, 285, 286 Pavlovna, Lilya (last name unknown), 40-41, 91 Peipert, James, 126 Petrakov, Nikolai, 275 Petrovna (maid for Natalya Irteneva), 12-13,19 335 Petukhov, Andrei, 248, 250 Piper, Hal, 126 Pipes, Richard, 28,29, 33, 57 Pisarev, Sergei, 166, 309n4 Plyushch, Leonid, 147,177,179, 180-81, 207, 311n27 Podgorny, Nikolai, 6 Podrabinek, Alexander, 146,182,183, 184,208, 209, 228-29, 230, 231, 243,248,255-56 Podryachikov, Dmitry, 255 Polevoi, Boris, 82 Polubinskaya, Svetlana, 277 Popov, Gavriil, 272 Popper, Karl, 105 Potapov, Anatoly, 242,244 Primakov, Yevgeny, 264-65 Prokhanov, Alexander, 230, 235, 317n20 Pugo, Boris, 264, 267, 285 Putin, Vladimir, 3, 98,188, 218,256, 293 Quinn-Judge, Paul, 263 Radek, Karl, 72 Rait-Kovaleva, Rita, 74-78, 82
Ralis, Max, 206 Rasputin, Valentin, 45, 233, 317n20 Reagan, Ronald, 223 Reavey, George, 304nl4, 305n32 Reddaway, Frank, 8, 301n2 Reddaway, Peter W. F., 301 Rees, William Linford, 175 Reich, Walter, 147 Repin, Ilya, 16 Repin, Sergei, 16-17 Reshetov, Yuri, 251 Rigal, Margaret, 191 Rigamer, Elmore, 247, 251, 252, 316nl2 Rigdon, Bruce, 201, 202 Roginsky, Arseny, 238 Romm, Mikhail, 73
336 Names Index Roth, Loren, 247,248, 311n27 Roth, Martin, 177,178,179-80 Rozov, Viktor, 91 Rublev, Andrei, 16 Rudenko, Mykolą, 194 Rywkin, Michael, 31, 32 Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 233,259 Sabshin, Mel, 167 Sado, Mikhail, 307nl4 Sainsbury, Peter, 210 Sakharov, Andrei, 123,125,136, 155,167,170,176,177-79,192, 203,224-25,229,234,237,238, 239-41,244, 275, 291 Salinger, J. D., 83 Salisbury, Harrison, 133-34, 306n5 Salutsky, Anatoly, 277-83, 317nl4 Samarin, Yuri, 83 Samsonov, Nikolai, 166 Sarraute, Natalie, 76 Satter, David, 126 Scammell, Michael, 133,160, ЗОбпЗ, 307n5 Schapiro, Leonard, 2,28, 30,102, 103-07,115,116,117,133,150, 151,158,160,197-98, 206, 304n4, 307n5, 309n5 Scriabin, Alexander, 84 Selyunin, Vasily, 272-73, 274,275 Semanov, Sergei, 235 Semichastny, Vladimir, 113, 144 Semyonova, Svetlana, 45, 235,265 Serebrov, Felix, 208 Seton-Watson, Hugh, 104 Seytmuratova, Aysha, 188,189, 216 Shakhbagova, Julietta, 17, 21—22, 90, 301n2 Shapiro, David, 91,150 Shatalin, Stanislav, 258,272, 275,284 Shcharansky, Anatoly, 192 Sheinis, Viktor, 264-65 Shepilov, Dmitri, 66 Sherbourne, Michael, 191,232 Shestakov, Dmitry, 46-47, 48, 57, 78, 80, 83, 89,101-02,263 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 167, 223, 246, 260,261,267,275,286 Shifrin, Mikhail, 167 Shikhanovich, Yuri, 122,177,179, 231, 245, 311n27 Shmelev, Nikolai, 239 Sholokhov, Mikhail, 48 Shtarkman, Naum, 80 Shub, Anatole, 154,155 Shulman, Marshall, 47, 302n4 Shul’ts, Fyodor, 166 Shvarts, Yevgeny, 78 Siesby, Eric, 234 Singh, Paul, 93, 95-96 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 2, 60, 70, 78,112, 114,116,129,156 Sinyavsky-Rozanova, Maria, 126 Skorodenko, Volodya, 81, 82,
83 Slater, Ann Pasternak, 303nl Slonim, Vera, 203 Smiley, Xan, 233-34 Smirnov, Konstantin “Kostia,” 270-71, 276 Smirnov, Sergei, 91 Smith, Hedrick, 126 Smoktunovsky, Innokenty, 73 Smulevich, Dr., 251 Smythe, Myles (pen name for Peter Reddaway), ЗОІпЗ Snezhnevsky, Andrei, 170-71,174, 175-76,178,183-84,210,244 Sobolev, Yu. L, 253,254 Sofronov, Anatoly, 73, 82 Soloukhin, Vladimir, ЗОЗпІО Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 6, 34, 43, 47, 57, 86, 87-88, 111, 114,116,118, 130,159,177,178 Sosin, Gene, 206, 314n4 Sosnora, Viktor, 83 Spender, Stephen, 309n7 Stalin, Joseph, 1, 6, 54, 64, 66, 71, 86, 138,185,186,193,290
Names Index Stalin, Vasili, 66 Starchik, Pyotr, 228-29 Starodubtsev, Vasily, 285 Starovoitova, Galina, 260 Starr, Frank, 126 Starr, S. Frederick, 291 Steele, Jonathan, 14, 23, 27,162 Stefanis, Costas, 243 Stevenson, Anne, 35-36 Stone, Alan, 147 Stone, I. F. “Izzy,” 35-36,175,243 Stoppard, Tom, 172 Struve, Gleb, 70, 85 Struve, Nikita, 126 Suess, Sonja, 314-15nll Sukarno, 96 Superfin, Gabriel (Garik), 162,268 Suslov, Mikhail, 92 Sverstyuk, Yevhen, 194, 232 Sveshnikov (poet), 80 Svitlychny, Ivan, 194, 313nl5 Swoboda, Victor, 137,193 Szamuely, Tibor, 153 Talyzin, Nikolai, 233 Tarasenkova, Natalya, 76, 87 Tarsis, Valery, 35, 111, 114 Taubman, William, 286 Tchapeyou, Kamine, 93, 94 Telesin, Julius, 130,192 Tendryakov, Vladimir, 57, 72, 77-78, 87, ՅՕՅոՅ Ternovsky, Leonard, 208 Tertz, Abram (pen name of Sinyavsky), 78,110,156 Thatcher, Margaret, 223,270 Timofeyev, Lev, 234 Tizyakov, Alexander, 285 Tolstoy, Count, 9 Tolstoy, Leo, 20 Tolstoy, Mitya, 67 Topchiy, Elena, 15-16,17 Tovstonogov, Georgy, 73 Travkin, Nikolai, 272 337 Trump, Donald, 224 Tsukerman, Boris, 141,143 Tsvetayeva, Marina, 75, 84 Tuck, Bob, 206 Turgenev, Ivan, 106 Tvardovsky, Alexander, 43, 47-48, 50, 75, 79, 86 Tyurin (poet), 80 Ulam, Adam, 29, 31, 304nl Ulitskaya, Lyudmila, 122 Uzzell, Lawrence, 197 Vainman, Yefim, 243-44 Vaksberg, Arkady, 265-68 Valerii, Ivan (pen name of Tarsis), 111 Valitov, Dr., 250,254 Van het Reve, Jozien, 216-17, 218 Van het Reve, Karel, 3,124,125-26, 155, 216-19 Van Voren, Robert, 167, 314-15nll Varennikov, Valentin, 317n20 Vartanyan, Marat, 174,178,244,254 Vasiliev, Dmitry, 234 Vdovenko,
Nikolai, 250 Velikanova, Tatyana, 122 Velikhov, Yevgeny, 226 Venediktov, Dmitry, 207 Villiers, Marjorie, 114 Visotsky, Harold, 247 Vladimir, Prince, 24 Vlasto, Alexis, 10 Voikhanskaya, Marina, 147,179,180, 182, 207 Voloshanovich, Alexander, 209-10, 211 Volsky, Arkady, 286 Voznesensky, Andrei, 77, 83 Vysotsky, Vladimir, 228 Weinberg, Jack, 207 Weinberger, Friedrich, 209, 315nll Wenick, Martin, 124 Wiles, Peter, 150
338 Names Index Wilson, Edmund, 85 Wilson, Harold, 150 Wing, John, 181 Wolfowitz, Paul, 272 Xu Kui, 221 Yaffe, Dan, 124 Yagoda, Genrikh, 67 Yakhimovich, L, 169 Yakir, Irina, 122, 277 Yakir, Pyotr, 122,124,126,155,162 Yakobson, Anatoly, 122 Yakovlev, Alexander, 223, 236,242, 264,267, 287 Yanayev, Gennady, 285 Yankelevich, Tatiana, 225 Yarkov, Ilya, 166 Yashin, Alexander, 57 Yazov, Dmitry, 274, 285 Yeltsin, Boris, 224,241, 258, 261, 267, 269,275,285,287 Yeo, Clayton, 123, 311n28 Yesenin-Volpin, Alexander, 35,110, 112,113,119,124,125,172,181, 203,209, 304nnl4-15 Yevtushenko, Yevgeny (Zhenia), 30-31, 34, 74, 77, 81, 82, 111 Young, Mr., 10 Yudin, Dr., 232 Yuenger, James, 126 Yumashev, Valentin, 271 Zagalsky, Leonid, 254, 255 Zaks, Boris, 48 Zavadsky, Yuri, 73 Zelinsky, Korneliy, 76 Zeman, Zbyněk, 123 Zharikov, Nikolai, 245 Zheludkov, Sergei, 133 Zhitnikova, Tanya, 147 Zhukov, Marshal, 52 Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 87 Zoubok, Boris, 147,207 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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CONTENTS Introduction 1 ONE First Steps 5 TWO Graduate Studies 28 A Double Miracle THREE Immersion 38 Daily Life in Khrushchevs Russia FOUR Expulsion 69 Cultural Trends, Literary Friends, and the Sharp Edges ofthe Soviet State FIVE The Emergence of Dissent 103 Bringing Dissidents and the Emerging Human Rights Movement to the World’s Attention six The Other ’68 120 Upheaval in the Soviet Bloc and the Chronicle of Current Events SEVEN Two Early Giants of Soviet Dissent Marchenko and Grigorenko 132
VI Contents EIGHT Confronting the Naysayers in the West 150 NINE “The Mental State of Such People Is Not Normal” 164 Exposing the PoliticalAbuse ofPsychiatry TEN Dignity under Persecution 185 Dissent among the Ethnic Minorities ELEVEN Religious Persecution, Religious Dissent 196 TWELVE Fighting on Old and New Fronts 203 i()68 to iç8j THIRTEEN Publishing Samizdat in the West 215 FOURTEEN Dissent and Reform under Gorbachev 220 Uncertain Terrain FIFTEEN Upending Manufactured Schizophrenia 242 SIXTEEN The End: RIP USSR, 1917 to 1991 257 Some Conclusions 289 Works by Peter Reddaway Cited in This Volume, by Year 295 Notes 301 Subject Index 319 Names Index 329
SUBJECT INDEX Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Soviet Union, 63, 71 Action Group for the Defense of Human Rights, 170 Action Group for the Revival of Le ninism, 139 Afghanistan invasion by Soviets (1979), 165 African students, 92-97 Agricultural crisis, 62-65,108 Alexander Herzen Foundation, 3, 188, 216-19, 227 Alexander Nevsky Lavra (monasterycathedral-cemetery complex), 16 American Psychiatric Association, 175,178, 207,243, 256 American-Soviet Cinematographers, 266 Amnesty International, 2,123-24, 172,180,195,215,268 Anglo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, 150-52 Anti-Party Group, 66 Anti-Semitism, 43, 71, 98, 233, 265-66 Baptists, 107,119,123,138,184,196, 198, 202 Baylor University, 198 Bay of Pigs attack (1961), 33, 34 BBC, 2, 89,120,152,158, 206 Bedford Publications Company, 204-05 The Bell (magazine), 37 Berlin Wall, 26 Bez krėsta! [Without a cross!] (Tendryakov), 72 Black market, 11, 15, 262, 283 The Blind Beauty (Pasternak), 114 The Bluebottle (Valerii, pen name of Tarsis), 111 Bolshoi Theater, 13 The Brothers Karamazov (Dos toyevsky), 77 Cabdrivers, 53-55, 60, 62-63, 65, 88, 97, 235, 262, 268 319
320 Subject Index Cahiers du Samizdat (journal), 215 Commission on the Abuse of Psychia Cambridge University, 1, 9-10 try in the Soviet Union, 146 Canadian Psychiatric Association, 168 Common Sense about Russia (Con Cancer Ward (Solzhenitsyn), 159 quest), 28 The Captive Mind (Milosz), 28 Commonwealth of Independent Catastrophe and second birth (Gnedin), States, 288 218 The Communist Party ofthe Soviet The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger), 83 Union (Schapiro), 105-06 The cathedral (Honchar), 194 Communist Youth League. See Young Censorship, 39,42,75-76,109,115, Communist League 118,265 “The Companions” (Tarasenkova), 76 Central House of Writers, 265, Concentration camps, 43,46,158, 270-71 165,238 Chekhov Press, 204 Conference on Security and Coopera China: dissidents in, 113; and Gor tion in Europe, 146,164,179,234, bachev reforms, 221; and Soviet 247 invasion of Czechoslovakia, 128; Congress of People’s Deputies, Soviet relations with, 6, 91-92; 264-72 students from, 96 Congress of Soviet Writers, 118 Christianity, 23-25, 78, 80,133. See Corruption, 73,159,199, 222,242, also Baptists; Russian Orthodox 244-45,290 Church Crimean Tatars, 119,121-22,130, The Chronicle of Current Events 185-89,194,216,218 [Khronika tekushchikh sabytii\, Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), 5, 120-31; author’s role in, 2,129-31, 33-34,108 204,215; concordance of, 129-31; Cuban Revolution (1958), 35 and Crimean Tatars, 187; founding Cuban students, 96 of, 119,121-23; smuggling out of Cybernetics, 138-39 Soviet Union, 124-27; and Soviet Czechoslovakia invasion by Soviet Jews, 191 Union (1968),
127-29,157-58 A Chronicle ofHuman Rights in the USSR (journal), 204,205 Daedalus journal, 28 Churches: in The Chronicle of Current Death penalty, 61 Events, 130; and demise of Soviet Democratic Party of Russia, 272 Union, 271-72; in Georgia, 21-22, The Demonstration in Pushkin Square 24,199-200; and Khrushchev, 81; (Litvinov), 218 and Soviet propaganda on religious Der Monat (magazine), 78 freedom, 201-02. See also Russian De-Stalinization, 34, 50, 59 Orthodox Church; specific churches Deutsche Welle (radio station), 89 CIA, 152,204-05,217,219 Dialectical materialism, 18 Civil society, 291-92. See also specific Dissonant Voices in Soviet Literature organizations (Blake), 36 Cold War in Psychiatry (Van Voren), 167 Dnepropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Columbia University, 3 Hospital, 179,180
Subject Index Dnieper River, 24 Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak), 71, 84, 85,110,114 “The Driver” (Kornilov), 35 Economic reforms, 59,231-33, 258-59,292 Electroshock therapy, 12 Emmanuel College, 14 Encounter journal, 36, 78,117 The Entry ofthe Slavs into Christendom (Vlasto), 10 Ethnic minorities, 185-95. See also specific ethnic groups European Writers’ Congress, 82 Express-Khronika (newspaper), 228-29 Expulsion: of author from Soviet Union, 47, 99,101-02; of Mat thews from Soviet Union, 91; of Soviet Society of Psychiatrists from WPA, 213; of Yeltsin from Central Committee, 224 Federation of African Students in the Soviet Union, 93, 94, 97 Food shortages, 62-65, 108, 276 France: Armenian immigrants in, 94; Bukovsky’s sentencing criticized in, 175; dissident movement in, 110; Sinyavsky’s emigration to, 156; Soviet psychiatric abuse con demned by, 179-81, 213 Frank Knox Fellowships, 29 From Tarusa to Chuna (Marchenko), 136 Frontier (journal), 198 Frunze Military Academy, 139 Fulbourn Hospital, 182 General Directorate for the Protec tion of State Secrets in the Press (Glavlit), 118 George Washington University, 3, 4 321 Georgia: church scandal in, 199-200; history of, 23-24; Land Rover trip to Soviet Union (1961), 21-24; and Meskhetians, 268; smuggling samiz dat out of, 127; sovereignty of, 282 Georgian Orthodox Church, 23,196, 199-200 Glasnost, 224, 226-27 Glavlit (General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press), 118 Gorbachev: His Life and Times (Taubman), 286 Gorky Institute of World Literature, 45 Gorky Theater, 73 Gorye ot Uma (Griboyedov), 73 The
Government and Politics ofthe Soviet Union (Schapiro), 106 Great Britain-USSR Association, 198 The Guardian, 2 The Hamlet (Faulkner), 77 Harvard University, 1, 29-35 Harvill Press, 114 The Hedgehog and the Fox (Berlin), 87 “The Heirs of Stalin” (Yevtushenko), 34 Helsinki Agreements (1975), 146, 164-65,179,192, 208, 209 Hermitage palace and museum, 15 Het Parool (newspaper), 125, 216 Historical Archives Institute, 261, 265,276 Hokkaido University, 220 Homosexuality, 43, 78, 80-81,159 Hospitals. See Psychiatric abuse for political purposes; specific institu tions How Russia Is Ruled (Fainsod), 30 “How Socialist Is the Soviet Union?” (Reddaway), 27 How to Say All of This? (Tarasenkova), 76
322 Subject Index Human rights movement: and Chron icle ofCurrent Events, 120-31; emergence of, 109-13; maturation of, 117-19. See also specific organiza tions Hungarian Revolution, 7 I. F. Stone’s Weekly, 36 IAPUP (International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry), 213, 243 ICM (International Committee of Mathematicians), 179-80 Independent Psychiatric Association, 232 Index on Censorship (Writers and Scholars International), 159 Indonesian students, 96 Information Research Department (Britain), 123 Inostrannaya Literatura (journal), 74, 76 “Inside Russia’s Concentration Camps” (Reddaway), 136 Institute for Slavic Research at Hok kaido University, 220 Institute for Soviet and East European Studies, 221 Institute for the World Economy and International Relations, 264 Institute of Criminal Psychology, 52 Institute of International Relations (Moscow), 60 Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies, 45 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty (1987), 224 International Association on the Po litical Use of Psychiatry (IAPUP), 213,243 International Committee of Math ematicians (ICM), 179-80 International Congress of Psycho therapy, 177 International Foundation for the Survival and Development of Mankind, 225 International Helsinki Federation, 234,245 Internationalism or russification? A study in the Soviet nationalities prob lem (Dzyuba), 193 International Metal Federation, 221 International Physicians for the Pre vention of Nuclear War, 244 Internatsionalizm chy rusyfikatsiia [Internationalism or russification ? A study in the Soviet nationalities problem]
(Dzyuba), 193 InvoluntaryJourney to Siberia (Amalrik), 114,152,153,217-18 Ireland, author’s Russian language studies in, 6-9 Israel, emigration to, 130,135, 190-92 “Is the Soviet Union on the Road to Anarchy?” (Reddaway), 258 Izvestia (newspaper), 64,161, 253, 274 Japanese Institute of International Affairs, 221 Jews: and demise of Soviet Union, 265-66, 271; and dissident move ment, 190-92,194; emigration to Israel, 130,135,190-92; and human rights movement, 119; and Lysenko, 71; and Moscow Music Conservatory scandal (1964), 80. See also Anti-Semitism Jvari Church, 21-22 Kak eto vse skazať? [How to Say All of This?\ (Tarasenkova), 76 Karatel'naya meditsina [Punitive Medi cine] (Podrabinek), 146,183 Katastrofa і vtoroe rozhdenie [Catastro phe and second birth] (Gnedin), 218 Kaunas University, 4
Subject Index Kazan Cathedral, 16 Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, 253 Kennan Institute for Advanced Rus sian Studies, 3,220,225 Keston Center for Religion, Politics, and Society, 198 Keston College, 3,196-98 Keston Institute in Oxford, 198 Keston News Service, 197 KGB: and African student protest, 94; author investigated by, 45, 98, 101—02; and Chronicle of Current Events, 121,125-26,130; and Crimean Tatars, 188; and demise of Soviet Union, 260, 263, 267-68, 271, 273-74, 278, 285,287; and dissident movement, 110—11,113; and Georgian Orthodox Church, 200; under Gorbachev, 233-34; and Grigorenko, 139-40,144-46, 148-49; Johnson’s notebooks con fiscated by, 31; and Keston College, 197; under Khrushchev, 1, 5; and Land Rover trip (1961), 14-15,23, 25-26; and Marchenko, 134-35; at Moscow Pedagogical State University, 42; and NTS, 36-37; Pasternak’s notes confiscated by, 70; and poets, 78-79; and psychi atric abuse for political purposes, 208-12, 246,248,250, 254; recruitment campaigns, 49-50; and religious persecution, 202; Sol zhenitsyn’s archives confiscated by, 111; spying on students at Moscow State University, 40-41, 90-91; and Sverstyuk, 232; USSR-Great Britain Society secretly run by, 40; writers investigated by, 82 Khronika Press, 204,205, 215 Khronika tekushchikh sobytii. See The Chronicle of Current Events Khrushchev’s Russia (Crankshaw), 28 323 Kiev, Land Rover trip to (1961), 24-25 King’s College, 14, 99 Kommersant (newspaper), 274 Kommunist journal, 64 Komsomol. See Young Communist League Krestovyi Pass, 24 Kurile Islands, 221 Labor camps: author’s research
on, 136,138; Bukovsky in, 113,183; Czechoslovakia protestors sen tenced to, 129-30; Daniel in, 110, 112; Gorbachev’s use of, 222; Grigorenko in, 141; Khrushchevs use of, 6,166; Levitin in, 199; Marchenko in, 132,133,136, 142; number of political prison ers in, 148-49; Pailodze in, 200; and psychiatric abuse, 175-76; refuseniks in, 191; Shtarkman in, 80; Sinyavsky in, 78,110,112; Solzhenitsyn on, 6, 111; YeseninVolpin in, 110 Land Rover trip to Soviet Union (1961), 14-27; in Georgia, 21-24; in Kiev, 24-25; in Leningrad, 15-17; in Lvov, 25-26; in Moscow, 17-20; in Uzhgorod, 26 Latin American students, 96 A leafofspring (Yesenin-Volpin), 110 Lenin: The Man, the Theorist, the Leader; a Reappraisal (Reddaway Schapiro eds.), 2,103-04 Leningradskaya Pravda (newspaper), 79 Leningrad Special Psychiatric Hospi tal, 141-42,168,248 Leningrad University, 33 Lenin Library, 41 Lenin’s tomb, 13, 67 Lenin Teachers College, 80 Lev Gurych Sinichkin (vaudeville comedy), 72
324 Subject Index The Listener (magazine), 152,154 Literaturnaya Gazeta, 86, 254 London School of Economics, 1-2, 30,103-19,203 Lord ofthe Flies (Golding), 75, 76 Lvov, Land Rover trip to (1961), 25-26 Mafia, 262,265-66, 272, 278 The Mansion (Faulkner), 77 Manual on Psychiatryfor Dissidents (Gluzman Bukovsky), 176 Marxism-Leninism, 11,18, 52, 59, 72, 88,108 Meditsinkskaya gazeta, 242 Memorial (organization), 237-38, 261, 269-70, 276 Memories ofa Tatar childhood (Amalrik), 218 Mental hospitals. See Psychiatric abuse for political purposes Meskhetians, 119,123,130, 268 Military Technology Academy, 138 Moipokazaniya [My Testimony] (Marchenko), 118,133,142,218 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939— 1941), 35, 64 Morning Star (newspaper), 181 Moscow: author’s visit (1960), 10-13; author’s visit (1961), 17-20; au thor’s visit (1963), 38-68; author’s visit (1988), 225-35; author’s visit (1990), 259-83; crime in, 52-53; housing in, 65 Moscow Energy Institute, 70 Moscow Group to Promote the Imple mentation of the Helsinki Agree ments in the USSR, 146 Moscow Human Rights Committee, 170,177, 203, 231 Moscow Institute of Psychiatry, 183 Moscow Music Conservatory, 80 Moscow Pedagogical State University, 12,19, 42 Moscow School of Psychiatry, 170 Moscow State University: author’s studies at, 1,13, 29, 38-68; De partment for Foreigners (Inotdel), 40-41, 91 Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, 16 MVD (Ministry of Internal Affairs), 250,264,267,268,273,274 Mysli sumasshedshego \Thoughts ofa madman\ (Grigorenko), 218 My Testimony (Marchenko), 118, 133, 142,218 National Academy of
Sciences (U.S.), 177-78 National Conference on Soviet Jewry, 191 National Council of Churches (U.S.), 201, 202 NBC News, 201, 202 Ne khlebom edinym (Dudintsev), 74 Neo-Leninism, 49 New Society (magazine), 152,153 New York Review ofBooks, 2, 3 New York Times, 3,133 Nezhelannoeputeshestvie v Sibir [Invol untary Journey to Siberia] (Amalrik), 114,152,153,217-18 NKVD, 238 Not by BreadAlone (Dudintsev), 28 “Notes from Underground” (Reddaway), 131 Novgorod, Land Rover trip to (1961), 17 Novocherkassk massacre (1962), 60 Novosibirsk Institute for Sociological Research, 266-67 Novosti (newspaper), 181 Novyi mir (magazine), 47, 75, 76, 111 NTS (Narodno-Trudovoi Soyuz), 36-37
Subject Index The Observer (newspaper), 2 Ogonyok (magazine), 271 OMON (Otryad Militsii Osobogo Naznacheniya, Special Purpose Police Unit), 273 One Day in the Life ofIvan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn), 6, 34, 43, 111 The Origin ofthe CommunistAutocracy (S chápiro), 105 Orthodox Church. See Georgian Or thodox Church; Russian Orthodox Church “O spetsial’nykh psikhiatricheskikh bol’nitsakh (‘Durdomakh’)” (Grigorenko), 139 Of Tarusy do Chuny [From Tarusa to Chuna] (Marchenko), 136 Pamyat movement, 233-34, 269 Pan-African Union, 93, 94, 96 Patrice Lumumba University, 92-93, 95, 98 Peace News, 2 People’s Labor Union, 36 , Peredelkino complex, 57 Perestroika, 227,229,231-32,235-39, 278-79 Permanent Exhibition of Economic Achievements (Moscow), 17 Peterhof palace, 12,15 Poemsfrom captivity (Daniel), 218,227 Poetka: Kniga оpamyati: Natalya Gorbanevskaya [Poet: Book in memory ofNatalya Gorbanevskaya] (Ulitskaya), 122 Poets, 35,59, 74-76,78-80, 87, 325 Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR (Amnesty International), 180 Prison hospitals, 143,187, 250, 254-55 Private Eye (magazine), 159-60 Problems of Communism (journal), 108-09,199 Propaganda, 55, 73, 95-96,152,171, 201-02,225,248 Protsess chetyrekh [The Trial ofthe Four] (Litvinov), 118-19,218 Psychiatric abuse for political pur poses, 164-84, 206-14, 242-56; author’s role in investigating, 2-3, 12-13, 226, 246-56,276; Com mission on the Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union, 146; and dissident movement, 111, 146-47; origins of, 165-68; smuggling documentation out of Soviet Union, 124; U.S. psychiatrists in specting Soviet
institutions, 12-13, 246-56; Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes, 2-3,183, 208-14; Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals, 168,169,172, 176. See also World Psychiatric As sociation Punitive Medicine (Podrabinek), 146, 183 Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, 15 A Question ofMadness (Medvedev 8c Medvedev), 167,171 111-12,122 Politburo, 1,5-6,59,66,107,113, 222-23 “Poputchiki” [The Companions] (Tarasenkova), 76 Pravda, 34, 163,166 Press Club Glasnost, 234 Preuves (magazine), 78 Radio Free America, 173 Radio Free Europe, 151, 205-06 Radio Liberty, 2, 89,123,126,151, 158,188,205-06,215-16 Rationalism and Nationalism in Nine teenth Century Russian Political Thought (Schapiro), 106
326 Subject Index Reddaway, Peter: at Cambridge University, 9-10; career overview, 1-4; expulsion from Soviet Union, 47, 99, 101-02; at Harvard Uni versity, 29-35; KGB surveillance of, 98-102; at London School of Economics, 103-19; at Moscow State University, 1, 13, 29, 38-68; psychiatric hospital inspections by, 246-56; Russian language studies, 1, 6-9; trip to Soviet Union (1960), 10-13; trip to Soviet Union (1961), 14-27; trip to Soviet Union (1963), 38-68; trip to Soviet Union (1988), 225-35; trip to Soviet Union (1989), 246-56; trip to Soviet Union (1990), 259-83 Red Square at Noon (Gorbanevskaya), 129 Refuseniks, 190-92, 232,268 Religion in Communist Lands (journal), 197,199,200 Religious persecution and dissent, 196-202 “Requiem” (Akhmatova), 75, 84 The Rise and Fall ofT. D. Lysenko (Medvedev), 111 Roads in Soviet Union, 20-21 Routledge Journals, 123 Royal College of Psychiatrists, 176-80, 210, 256 Russian Academy of Sciences, 45 The Russian Financial System (Red daway), 7 Russian Orthodox Church, 198, 201-02, 229-30 Russian Research Center (Harvard), 30, 32 Russia’s Domestic Security Wars (Red daway), 3 Russia's Political Hospitals: The Abuse ofPsychiatry in the Soviet Union (Bloch Reddaway), 183, 207 Russkaya mysl’ (newspaper), 216 St. Antony’s College, Oxford, 29 St. Basil’s Cathedral, 13 Samizdat: emergence of, 88; publica tion in West, 2, 215-19; religious, 198-99; sabotage by Bethell and Burg, 156-61; smuggling out of Soviet Union, 124-27. See also specific publications Serbsky Institute of Forensic Psychia try, 139-40,142,145,165,167,
169,174,177,182,184,235,245, 255 Sintaksis (journal), 60 Slepaya krasavitsa [The Blind Beauty] (Pasternak), 114 Sluggish repressions (Shifrin), 167 “Sluggish schizophrenia” diagnosis, 244, 246, 251 Smolensk under Soviet Rule (Fainsod), 30 Smolny Institute, 16 Smuggling samizdat out of Soviet Union, 124-27 Sobor [The cathedral\ (Honchar), 194 Society for Friendship with Foreign Countries, 90, 91 Solovki Power (film), 238 Sotsialisticheskaya industriya (journal), 242 Sovetskaya Rossiya (newspaper), 163 Soviet Academy of Science, 265 The Soviet Mafia (Vaksberg), 265 Soviet Psychiatric Abuse (Bloch Red daway), 230 Soviet Psychiatric Society, 243, 245-46, 252 Soviet Society of Psychiatrists, 175, 178,182, 213 Soviet Studies (journal), 108 Sovremennik Theater, 57, 87 The Spectator (magazine), 152,153 Spring Torrents (Turgenev), 106 START arms control agreement (1991), 284
Subject Index State Committee on Emergency Rule, 285 State Russian Museum (Leningrad), 15 Stikhi iz nevoli \Poemsfrom captivity] (Daniel), 218,227 Student (journal), 156-57 Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry, 191 Suchasnisť (journal), 146 Survey: AJournal ofEast and West Studies, 107 TASS, 133 Taxi drivers. See Cabdrivers Theatrical works, 72-74 Thoughts ofa madman (Grigorenko), 218 “Thoughts on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Free dom” (Sakharov), 125, 292 Time magazine, 95, 97 The Times, 2, 109 To Live like Everyone (Marchenko), 136 Totalitarianism (Schapiro), 106 The Town (Faulkner), 77 Translators, 114-17 Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow), 16 The Trial (Kafka), 74, 76, 83 The Trial ofthe Four (Litvinov), 118-19,218 Turgenev: His Life and Times (Schap iro), 106 Ukraine: dissident movement in, 111, 121,123,191-95; Dnepropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital, 179, 180; independence of, 287-88, 289; smuggling samizdat out of, 127 Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 146 Ukrainian Public Group to Assist the Implementation of the Helsinki Agreements, 194 Uncensored Russia (Reddaway), 2,136, 162,195 327 UN Commission on Human Rights, 211 Union Treaty, 259,261,284-85,288 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN), 121 U.S. Information Agency, 109 USSR-Great Britain Society, 13, 15, 17, 22, 40,198 Utrenniepoezda (film), 72 Uzhgorod, Land Rover trip to (1961), 26 “Vasili Terkin” (Tvardovsky), 43 Vesennie vody [Spring Torrents] (Tur genev), 106 Vesenniy list [A leaf ofspring] (YeseninVolpin), 110 Voice of America, 89,188, 206 Volga-Don Canal, 67 Vospominaniya tatarskoga detstva
[.Memories ofa Tatar childhood] (Amalrik), 218 Vyalotekushchie repressii \Sluggish repressions] (Shifrin), 167 Ward 7: An Autobiographical Novel (Tarsis), 111 Washington Post, 3, 258 Western radio broadcasts, 44, 89, 205-06 Will the Soviet Union Survive until 1984? (Amalrik), 152,218 Without a cross! (Tendryakov), 72 Women’s Campaign for Soviet Jewry, 191 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 220 Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes, 2-3,183, 208-14 Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals, 168,169,172,176 World Council of Churches, 201
328 Subject Index World Federation for Mental Health, 170 World Health Organization, 211 World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 168-77,183,206-13,243, 245-46,252 Writers and Scholars International, 159-60 Writers’ Union, 35,57, 71, 76-78, 81, 235,263-65 The Yershov Brothers (Kochetov), 31 Young Communist League (Komso mol), 13,18, 39, 272 Zhivi kak vse [7o Live like Everyone] (Marchenko), 136
NAMES INDEX Abalkin, Leonid, 241, 259, 287 Abram, Helena, 172,174 Abramov, Fyodor, 63 Adelson, Abram, 71 Adelson, Stella, 71 Adzhubei, Aleksei, 86, 279 Afanasiev, Yuri, 239, 259, 261-62 Aitken, Eleanor, 169, 310n9 Akhmadulina, Bella, 74, 77, 303n4 Akhmatova, Anna, 75, 78, 79, 83-84, 116, 303n4 Akhromeyev, Sergei, 259,267 Alekseyeva, Lyudmila, 187,194 Alexeyeva, Lyudmila, 122, 222 Aliyev, Femi, 189 Alksnis, Viktor, 263,267 Altshuler, Boris, 237 Amalrik, Andrei, 114,122,125, 152-56,216,217,218 Amalrik, Gyuzel, 156,218 Andreyev, Nikolai, 10 Andreyeva, Nina, 236,239 Andriyanov, V., 242 Andropov, Yuri, 2,113,148-49,166, 263,271, 286 Anikst, Alexander, 82, 83 Antonenko, Elena, 90 Arapetyan, L. A., 271 Ardov, Viktor, 84 Arkhipov, Tolya, 39-40, 90 Arzhak, Nikolai (pen name of Daniel), 110 Astor, David, 159-60,172 Astrachan, Anthony, 126 Babayan, Eduard, 207,242 Babel, Isaac, 117 Babitsky, Konstantin, 127 Baeva, Tatiana, 127 Baibakov, Nikolai, 263 Bakatin, Vadim, 273,277 Baker, James, 260 Bakhmin, Tanya, 230-31 Bakhmin, Vyacheslav, 208,230-31 Baklanov, Oleg, 285 Balear, Joan, 205 329
330 Names Index Barabanov, Yevgeny, 124 Batkin, Leonid, 239 Bayley, John, 116-17 Belkin, Aron, 232-33, 238, 242, 244, 245,262-63 Bergson, Abram, 31 Beria, Lavrenty, 52 Berlin, Isaiah, 32, 86-87, 308nl Berman, Harold, 33 Bernstein, Bob, 234 Bethell, Nicholas, 156-61,309n5 Bezborodov, Dmitry, 277 Bezemer, Jan, 216,218 Billington, James, 225 Birman, Igor, 274 Birshtein, Vadim, 268-70, 276 Bishop, Tony, 37 Bitov, Andrei, 88 Black, Anthony, ЗОІпЗ Black, Mrs., 30 Blake, Patricia, 36, 57, 75, 78,114, 115,116,117, 305n32 Blakeley, Denis, 120,124 Bloch, Sidney, 2,165,207,210,230, 233, 314n6 Blok, Alexander, 83 Blom-Cooper, Louis, 182 Bogoraz, Larissa, 117-18,125,127, 134-35,136,194, 216,226-27, 231,234, 276 Boldin, Valery, 285 Boll, Heinrich, 76 Bonavia, David, 126 Boniecki, George, 198 Bonner, Elena “Lyusya,” 224-25,226, 234, 237 Bonnie, Richard, 247,252 Borisov, V, 169 Bourdeaux, Michael, 3,106,124, 196-97,202,216, ЗІЗпЗ Brandt, Willy, 32 Brecht, Berthold, 77 Breitburt, Grigoriy, 76, 78 Brezhnev, Leonid, 2, 6, 47, 68,108, 146,177,224-25,262 Brimelow, Thomas, 32,101 Brodsky, Joseph, 78-80 Brooke, Gerald, 137 Broué, Michel, 179,180 Brown, Clarence, 117 Brown, George, 150,151 Browne, Michael (pen name for Swo boda), 193, 313nl5 Brumberg, Abraham, 156, 314nl Brumberg, Josie, 314nl Brzeziński, Zbigniew, 32 Bukovsky, Vladimir, 112,113,114, 124,166,167-71,173-75,180, 183,206,256, 310n9 Bulganin, Nikolai, 55 Bunich, Pavel, 239 Burbulis, Gennady, 258 Burg, David (pen name for A. Dol berg), 156—61 Burlatsky, Fyodor, 234,264, 266 Bush, George H. W., 283,284 Buyanov, Mikhail, 245
Bystretsova, Lyusya, 245 Calder, Angus, ЗОІпЗ Camus, Albert, 48 Carlisle, Olga Andreyev, 70-71 Carr, E. H., 105 Castro, Fidel, 33, 61 Catherine the Great, 8,10,24 Chaadayev, Pyotr, 140 Chalidze, Valery, 124,126,203-04, 205,215, 224 Chandos, John, 173 Chaplin, Sid, 83 Chazov, Yevgeny, 226,244,246,247, 250,255,262 Chebrikov, Viktor, 246 Chen Guancheng, 113 Cheney, Dick, 263 Chernenko, Konstantin, 2
Names Index Chodoff, Paul, 207 Chornovil, Vyacheslav, 193, 313nl5 Chukovsky, Kornei, 48, 79, 86-87 Churkin, Alexander, 246,247,254,255 Clark, David, 176,182 Cohen, Stephen, 124 Cole, William, 126,168 Conquest, Robert, 28,154,155 Cook, Paul, 124 Corti, Mario, 124,126 Corvalan, Luis, 183 Couriss, Elizaveta, 7, 8-9 Couriss, Nikolai, 6-7, 8-9 Crankshaw, Edward, 28, 309n7 Cranston, Maurice, 105,151 Critchlow, James, 206 Croan, Melvin, 31, 33 Crosland, Anthony, 32 Cross, Tony, 46 Crowfoot, John, 228 Daniel, Sanya, 226, 276-77 Daniel, Yuli, 2, 60,110,112,117-18, 129,134,218,226-27,276 David V (patriarch), 200 Davis, Kathryn W., 302nl Davis, Shelby Cullom, 302nl Davitashvili, Dzhuna, 262 Degras, Jane, 304n6 Delaunay, Vadim, 127 Dementiev, A. G., 48 Deng Xiaoping, 221 Denikin, Anton, 7 Deutscher, Isaac, 32 Devdariani, Khariton, 200 Dewhirst, Martin, 2,4,28-29,34, 36-37,69,115,124,126,158,309n5 Dicks, Henry, 180 Djemilev, Mustafa, 189, 308n28 Djilas, Milovan, 44 Dolberg, Alexander, 156 Dolmatovsky, Yevgeny, 77 Dornan, Peter, 123,126, 206, 215-16 331 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 77 Douglas-Home, Alec, 54 Dremliuga, Vladimir, 127 Dubček, Alexander, 127 Dudintsev, Vladimir, 28, 74 Dunham, Vera, 133, 307n5 Dunlop, John, 286 Durrell, Lawrence, 83 Dzasokhov, Alexander, 273 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 250 Dzhemilev, Mustafa, 189 Dzyuba, Ivan, 193 Efrem II (patriarch), 200 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 81, 82, 88 Eker, Rita, 191, 232 Eliot, T. S., 19 Ellis, Jane, 124 Elvin, Mark, 35-36 Emelkina, Nadezhda, 122 Erickson, John, 104 Fadin, Andrei, 260 Fainberg, Viktor, 127,129,169,171, 179,181 Fainsod, Merle, 29, 30, 33,
34,105 Farquharson, Marjorie, 123-24 Farrand, William, 247 Faulkner, William, 77, 83 Fedin, Konstantin, 48, 84 Fedorov, Nikolai, 45, 235 Feltrinelli, Giangiacomo, 71 Figgis, Anthony, 14,20 Filippov, Boris, 70 Finn, Patrick, 14 Fisher, Elizabeth, 216,217 Flegon, Alex, 156,157 Florovsky, Georges, 32 Frank, Victor, 206 Freedman, Alfred, 178, 311n24 Friendly, Alfred, 126 Fukalov, Viktor, 249-50 Fulbright, William, 151
332 Names Index Furov, Vasily, 202 Furtseva, Ekaterina, 82 Gabai, Galya, 122 Gabai, Ilya, 189 Gachev, Georgy, 45 Galanskov, Yuri, 111-12,118,129, 137, 307nl4 Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 124,268 Gan, Vitaly, 163 Gerstenmaier, Cornelia, 275 Gilbert, Martin, 313nl4 Gindilis, Viktor, 244,245, 316n9 Ginzburg, Alexander, 60,111-12, 118,129,137,157, 228, 304nl3 Ginzburg, Eugenia, 134 Glazunov, Ilya, 80 Glick, Stephen, 124 Gluzman, Semyon, 145,147,176-78, 180,210,231-32,243,255, 310nl7 Gnedin, Yevgeny, 218 Goldberg, Anatol, 120,162 Golding, William, 75, 76 Gollancz, Livia, 166 Gollancz, Victor, 166, 309n3 Goodman, Bob, 29-30 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 3,163,167,188, 195,214,218,220-41,257-61, 263,267,268,269,272-74, 283-88,291,293,315n3, 316n2 Gorbachev, Raisa, 285 Gorbanevskaya, Natalya, 122,127-28, 129,169, 268, 306n8 Gorbunov, E., 311n34 Granin, Daniil, 49 Griboyedov, Alexander, 73 Grigor, John, 207 Grigorenko, Andrei, 147, 308n28 Grigorenko, Pyotr, 122,129,138-48, 169,176,177,187,208,218,232, 243, 250, 308n21, 308n28, 310nl7 Grigorenko, Zinaida, 144 Grigoryants, Sergei, 229 Grivnina, Irina, 208 Gromov, Boris, 238, 263,264,267, 268, 317n20 Guevara, Che, 35 Gurevich, Naum, 157 Gushchin, Lev, 271 Haimson, Leopold, 28 Hampshire, Stuart, 309n7 Harari, Manya, 85, 111, 114-15,118, 124 Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 221 Havel, Vaclav, 270 Hayward, Max, 28, 29, 36, 85,114, 115-17,134,152,304nl3,305n32, ЗОбпЗ Heath, Edward, 159 Herzen, Alexander, 216 Hewett, Ed, 238 Hikmet, Nazim, 87 Hill, Elizabeth, 8,9 Hitler, Adolf, 64, 309n3 Honchar, Oles, 194 Hood, Stuart, 154 Hosking, Geoffrey, 291 Hough, Jerry, 258, 316n2
Howard-Johnston, Xenia, 197 Hugh-Jones, Stephen, 107 Hurst, Mark, 313nl Huytan, Konstantin, 124 Idrisov, Nail, 254 Ilchenko, Anatoly, 253-54 H’ichev, Leonid, 35,57, 70, 77, 82, 92 Il’insky, Igor, 73 Ilya, Bishop, 200 Ilya II (patriarch), 200 Ingrams, Richard, 160 Ionesyan (serial killer), 52 Irteneva, Natalya Ferdinandovna, 12-13,19-20, 42-43 Ivanov, Mr. (economist), 63 Ivanov, N. K., 64 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 84 Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 84
Names Index Ivanov, Yuri, 136,137 Ivinskaya, Olga, 85 Jenner, Alec, 169-70 John XXIII (pope), 48 Johnson, Priscilla, 31-32,156, 302n4 Jones, D. A. N., 152—56, 306n2 Joravsky, David, 28 Joyce, James, 83 Kafka, Franz, 76, 83 Kaganovich, Lazar, 66, 67, 71, 269 Kaiser, Robert, 126 Kalb, Marvin, 32-33 Kamalov, V., 253 Kaminskaya, Dina, 189 Kamm, Henry, 154 Katanyan, Vasily, 76 Katayev, Valentin, 32 Katya (Moscow friend), 65-67 Keenan, Edward, 31, 32 Keep, John, 104 Keith, Dr., 251 Kennedy, John F., 5-6, 33, 34, 58, 89 Keratishvili, Bidzina, 200 Kharitonov, Ella, 46 Kharitonov, Olga, 263 Kharitonov, Volodya, 45-46, 263, 270 Khasina, Natalya, 232 Khodorovich, Tatyana, 122,147,180, 311n29 Khrushchev, Nikita, 1, 5-6, 7, 29, 33, 34, 35,62-65, 66, 70, 77, 81, 107-08,139,166,183-84,193, 224, 270, 302n5, 303n8 Kimura, Hiroshi, 220-21 Kissinger, Henry, 33,177 Klein, Joel, 248 Kline, Ed, 203,204,205,224,226 Klose, Kevin, 126 Knight, Amy, 286 Knipovich, Elena, 83 Kochetov, Vsevolod, 30-31, 48, 67, 302n6 333 Kochubievsky, Boris, 190 Kohl, Helmut, 275 Koridze, David, 200 Korin, Pavel, 81 Korneichuk, Alexander, 73 Kornilov, Vladimir, 35, 87, 302n5 Korotich, Vitaly, 238, 271 Koryagin, Anatoly, 167, 210,211-12, 213,214, 243 Kosterin, Aleksei, 122,187 Kosygin, Aleksei, 6,144,150 Kovalev, Andrei, 167, 247 Kovalev, Sergei, 122,226,231, 234, 265, 270 Kozlov, Frol, 82 Kozyrev, Andrei, 231 Krasin, Viktor, 162 Krasovitsky (poet), 80 Kravchuk, Leonid, 287 Kruchyonykh, Aleksei, 80 Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 273,285 Kudashev, Boris, 13,17-19, 43-45, ЗОІпЗ Kuzichkin, Vladimir, 317nll Kuzmina, Lyudmila, 249
Kuznetsov, V, 169 Labedz, Leopold, 28, 32,107,154, 304nl3 Laird, Bruce, 123 Lakshin, Vladimir, 48 Landa, Malva, 226-27 Lang, David, 200 Lapidus, Gail W., 291 Latynina, Alla, 264 Lavut, Alexander, 226 Lawrence, D. H., 83 Lawrence, John, 197-98 Lebedeva, Svetlana, 42 Lebedev, Valery, 12-13,19, 42-43 Leddington, Roger, 126 Leigh, Denis, 171,173-74,175,177 Lenchevsky, Oleg, 99-102,161 Lenchevsky, Valentina, 99-102
334 Names Index Lenin, Vladimir, 18,103-04,185, 290 Leonhard, Wolfgang, 32 Levitan, Isaak, 16 Levitansky, Yuri, 74, 303n4 Levitin, Anatoly, 199 Levitskaya, Natalya Grigorevna, 269 Lewis, Anthony, 154 Li Jiangjie, 221 Liberman, Yevgeny, 59 Lieko, Pavel, 159 Lieven, Dominic “Chai,” 7 Lieven, Pavel, 7, 8 Ligachev, Yegor, 223,224,233, 236, 237, 244, 317nl5 Link, Perry, 305n23 Litvinov, Maxim, 120, 203 Litvinov, Pavel, 113,114,118-19, 120-21,122,124,125,127, 204, 216,217 Low-Beer, Gerard, 147,176,178,181 Lowenthal, Richard, 32 Lown, Bernard, 244 Lu Nanquan, 221 Lubarsky, Cronid, 126, 228, 315n7 Lukyanov, Anatoly, 286 Lumumba,“ Patrice, 93 Lunts, Daniil, 140,145,165 Lysak, Pyotr, 142 Lysenko, Trofim, 71, 111 Magyar, Paul, 7,11,109 Malenkov, Georgy, 55, 66 Mandelshtam, Osip, 80, 84, ЗОЗпб Mann, A., 242 Mann, Thomas, 152 Mao Zedong, 6, 92 Marchenko, Anatoly, 118,129, 132-38,142,147, 217, ЗОбпЗ Maretskaya, Vera, 46 Markham, David, 125,172 Marmor, Helen, 201,202 Marshak, Samuil, 79 Maryamov, A. M., 48 Masagaki, Miiko, 221 Masagaki, Shin-ichi, 221 Mathon, Tania, 124 Matlock, Jack, 232, 260-61, 264 Matthews, Mervyn, 91 Maugham, Somerset, 263 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 76, 85, 305n32 McBride, Sean, 123 Medvedev, Roy, 167, 317nl4 Medvedev, Zhores, 110-11,167,170, 177,255 Mee, Cornelia (pen name of Aitken), 310n9 Meeus, Anthony de, 123,215 Meierhold, Vsevolod, 73 Meilakh, Misha, 73, 78, 86 Meiman, Naum, 234 Men, Alexander, 276 Menglet, Georgy, 73 Men’shagin, Boris, 268, 269 Mercer, David, 154 Mercer, Ellen, 167,248, 252 Meri, Lennart, 58 Merskey, Harold, 178 Metchenko, Aleksei, 41, 84
Mikhailenko, Anna, 248-49, 250 Mikhailovsky, Boris, 41 Mikhalkov, Sergei, 82 Mikoyan, Anastas, 186 Miller, Boris, 37 Miloradovich, Serafim, 215 Milosz, Czeslaw, 28 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 41, 47, 66 Moore, Barrington, Jr., 34 Morozov, Georgy, 165,177,178,182, 235,245,254, 260 Morton, Miriam, 87 Nathans, Ben, 4 Neigauz, Stanislav, 80 Nekrasov, Viktor, 47, 81,180, 302n5 Neumann, Jochen, 167 Nevsky, Alexander, 17
Names Index Ni Xiaoquan, 221 Nicholas I (tsar), 140 Nixon, Richard, 175,177 Noel-Paton, Duncan, 14,19, 26 Nordlinger, Jay, 305n23 Nove, Alec, 32,103-04 Novikov, Yuri, 182, 311n35 Odnopozov, Naum (pen name of Gurevich), 157 Ogurtsov, Igor, 307nl4 Okhotin, Nikita, 270 Oksman, Yulian, 82 Okudzhava, Bulat, 82,266 Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 66 Orlov, Yuri, 146, 308n26 Oswald, Lee Harvey, 89 Otto, Gisela, 209, 314-15nll Ovechkin, Valentin, 35, 48 Owen, David, 210 Ozerov, Lev, 84 Pailodze, Valentina, 200 Palazchenko, Pavel, 258 Panasenko, V. A., 253 Pantin, Volodya, 142-43 Pasternak, Alexander, 13, 66-67, 69-71, 84-86 Pasternak, Boris, 13, 69-71, 84-85, 110,114,115,116 Pasternak, Elena, 70 Pasternak, Yevgeniya, 70 Pasternak, Zhenia, 70-72, 85 Pasternak, Zinaida, 71, 85 Patch, Isaac, 205 Paustovsky, Konstantin, 48, 57 Pavlov, Sergei, 60 Pavlov, Valentin, 285, 286 Pavlovna, Lilya (last name unknown), 40-41, 91 Peipert, James, 126 Petrakov, Nikolai, 275 Petrovna (maid for Natalya Irteneva), 12-13,19 335 Petukhov, Andrei, 248, 250 Piper, Hal, 126 Pipes, Richard, 28,29, 33, 57 Pisarev, Sergei, 166, 309n4 Plyushch, Leonid, 147,177,179, 180-81, 207, 311n27 Podgorny, Nikolai, 6 Podrabinek, Alexander, 146,182,183, 184,208, 209, 228-29, 230, 231, 243,248,255-56 Podryachikov, Dmitry, 255 Polevoi, Boris, 82 Polubinskaya, Svetlana, 277 Popov, Gavriil, 272 Popper, Karl, 105 Potapov, Anatoly, 242,244 Primakov, Yevgeny, 264-65 Prokhanov, Alexander, 230, 235, 317n20 Pugo, Boris, 264, 267, 285 Putin, Vladimir, 3, 98,188, 218,256, 293 Quinn-Judge, Paul, 263 Radek, Karl, 72 Rait-Kovaleva, Rita, 74-78, 82
Ralis, Max, 206 Rasputin, Valentin, 45, 233, 317n20 Reagan, Ronald, 223 Reavey, George, 304nl4, 305n32 Reddaway, Frank, 8, 301n2 Reddaway, Peter W. F., 301 Rees, William Linford, 175 Reich, Walter, 147 Repin, Ilya, 16 Repin, Sergei, 16-17 Reshetov, Yuri, 251 Rigal, Margaret, 191 Rigamer, Elmore, 247, 251, 252, 316nl2 Rigdon, Bruce, 201, 202 Roginsky, Arseny, 238 Romm, Mikhail, 73
336 Names Index Roth, Loren, 247,248, 311n27 Roth, Martin, 177,178,179-80 Rozov, Viktor, 91 Rublev, Andrei, 16 Rudenko, Mykolą, 194 Rywkin, Michael, 31, 32 Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 233,259 Sabshin, Mel, 167 Sado, Mikhail, 307nl4 Sainsbury, Peter, 210 Sakharov, Andrei, 123,125,136, 155,167,170,176,177-79,192, 203,224-25,229,234,237,238, 239-41,244, 275, 291 Salinger, J. D., 83 Salisbury, Harrison, 133-34, 306n5 Salutsky, Anatoly, 277-83, 317nl4 Samarin, Yuri, 83 Samsonov, Nikolai, 166 Sarraute, Natalie, 76 Satter, David, 126 Scammell, Michael, 133,160, ЗОбпЗ, 307n5 Schapiro, Leonard, 2,28, 30,102, 103-07,115,116,117,133,150, 151,158,160,197-98, 206, 304n4, 307n5, 309n5 Scriabin, Alexander, 84 Selyunin, Vasily, 272-73, 274,275 Semanov, Sergei, 235 Semichastny, Vladimir, 113, 144 Semyonova, Svetlana, 45, 235,265 Serebrov, Felix, 208 Seton-Watson, Hugh, 104 Seytmuratova, Aysha, 188,189, 216 Shakhbagova, Julietta, 17, 21—22, 90, 301n2 Shapiro, David, 91,150 Shatalin, Stanislav, 258,272, 275,284 Shcharansky, Anatoly, 192 Sheinis, Viktor, 264-65 Shepilov, Dmitri, 66 Sherbourne, Michael, 191,232 Shestakov, Dmitry, 46-47, 48, 57, 78, 80, 83, 89,101-02,263 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 167, 223, 246, 260,261,267,275,286 Shifrin, Mikhail, 167 Shikhanovich, Yuri, 122,177,179, 231, 245, 311n27 Shmelev, Nikolai, 239 Sholokhov, Mikhail, 48 Shtarkman, Naum, 80 Shub, Anatole, 154,155 Shulman, Marshall, 47, 302n4 Shul’ts, Fyodor, 166 Shvarts, Yevgeny, 78 Siesby, Eric, 234 Singh, Paul, 93, 95-96 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 2, 60, 70, 78,112, 114,116,129,156 Sinyavsky-Rozanova, Maria, 126 Skorodenko, Volodya, 81, 82,
83 Slater, Ann Pasternak, 303nl Slonim, Vera, 203 Smiley, Xan, 233-34 Smirnov, Konstantin “Kostia,” 270-71, 276 Smirnov, Sergei, 91 Smith, Hedrick, 126 Smoktunovsky, Innokenty, 73 Smulevich, Dr., 251 Smythe, Myles (pen name for Peter Reddaway), ЗОІпЗ Snezhnevsky, Andrei, 170-71,174, 175-76,178,183-84,210,244 Sobolev, Yu. L, 253,254 Sofronov, Anatoly, 73, 82 Soloukhin, Vladimir, ЗОЗпІО Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 6, 34, 43, 47, 57, 86, 87-88, 111, 114,116,118, 130,159,177,178 Sosin, Gene, 206, 314n4 Sosnora, Viktor, 83 Spender, Stephen, 309n7 Stalin, Joseph, 1, 6, 54, 64, 66, 71, 86, 138,185,186,193,290
Names Index Stalin, Vasili, 66 Starchik, Pyotr, 228-29 Starodubtsev, Vasily, 285 Starovoitova, Galina, 260 Starr, Frank, 126 Starr, S. Frederick, 291 Steele, Jonathan, 14, 23, 27,162 Stefanis, Costas, 243 Stevenson, Anne, 35-36 Stone, Alan, 147 Stone, I. F. “Izzy,” 35-36,175,243 Stoppard, Tom, 172 Struve, Gleb, 70, 85 Struve, Nikita, 126 Suess, Sonja, 314-15nll Sukarno, 96 Superfin, Gabriel (Garik), 162,268 Suslov, Mikhail, 92 Sverstyuk, Yevhen, 194, 232 Sveshnikov (poet), 80 Svitlychny, Ivan, 194, 313nl5 Swoboda, Victor, 137,193 Szamuely, Tibor, 153 Talyzin, Nikolai, 233 Tarasenkova, Natalya, 76, 87 Tarsis, Valery, 35, 111, 114 Taubman, William, 286 Tchapeyou, Kamine, 93, 94 Telesin, Julius, 130,192 Tendryakov, Vladimir, 57, 72, 77-78, 87, ՅՕՅոՅ Ternovsky, Leonard, 208 Tertz, Abram (pen name of Sinyavsky), 78,110,156 Thatcher, Margaret, 223,270 Timofeyev, Lev, 234 Tizyakov, Alexander, 285 Tolstoy, Count, 9 Tolstoy, Leo, 20 Tolstoy, Mitya, 67 Topchiy, Elena, 15-16,17 Tovstonogov, Georgy, 73 Travkin, Nikolai, 272 337 Trump, Donald, 224 Tsukerman, Boris, 141,143 Tsvetayeva, Marina, 75, 84 Tuck, Bob, 206 Turgenev, Ivan, 106 Tvardovsky, Alexander, 43, 47-48, 50, 75, 79, 86 Tyurin (poet), 80 Ulam, Adam, 29, 31, 304nl Ulitskaya, Lyudmila, 122 Uzzell, Lawrence, 197 Vainman, Yefim, 243-44 Vaksberg, Arkady, 265-68 Valerii, Ivan (pen name of Tarsis), 111 Valitov, Dr., 250,254 Van het Reve, Jozien, 216-17, 218 Van het Reve, Karel, 3,124,125-26, 155, 216-19 Van Voren, Robert, 167, 314-15nll Varennikov, Valentin, 317n20 Vartanyan, Marat, 174,178,244,254 Vasiliev, Dmitry, 234 Vdovenko,
Nikolai, 250 Velikanova, Tatyana, 122 Velikhov, Yevgeny, 226 Venediktov, Dmitry, 207 Villiers, Marjorie, 114 Visotsky, Harold, 247 Vladimir, Prince, 24 Vlasto, Alexis, 10 Voikhanskaya, Marina, 147,179,180, 182, 207 Voloshanovich, Alexander, 209-10, 211 Volsky, Arkady, 286 Voznesensky, Andrei, 77, 83 Vysotsky, Vladimir, 228 Weinberg, Jack, 207 Weinberger, Friedrich, 209, 315nll Wenick, Martin, 124 Wiles, Peter, 150
338 Names Index Wilson, Edmund, 85 Wilson, Harold, 150 Wing, John, 181 Wolfowitz, Paul, 272 Xu Kui, 221 Yaffe, Dan, 124 Yagoda, Genrikh, 67 Yakhimovich, L, 169 Yakir, Irina, 122, 277 Yakir, Pyotr, 122,124,126,155,162 Yakobson, Anatoly, 122 Yakovlev, Alexander, 223, 236,242, 264,267, 287 Yanayev, Gennady, 285 Yankelevich, Tatiana, 225 Yarkov, Ilya, 166 Yashin, Alexander, 57 Yazov, Dmitry, 274, 285 Yeltsin, Boris, 224,241, 258, 261, 267, 269,275,285,287 Yeo, Clayton, 123, 311n28 Yesenin-Volpin, Alexander, 35,110, 112,113,119,124,125,172,181, 203,209, 304nnl4-15 Yevtushenko, Yevgeny (Zhenia), 30-31, 34, 74, 77, 81, 82, 111 Young, Mr., 10 Yudin, Dr., 232 Yuenger, James, 126 Yumashev, Valentin, 271 Zagalsky, Leonid, 254, 255 Zaks, Boris, 48 Zavadsky, Yuri, 73 Zelinsky, Korneliy, 76 Zeman, Zbyněk, 123 Zharikov, Nikolai, 245 Zheludkov, Sergei, 133 Zhitnikova, Tanya, 147 Zhukov, Marshal, 52 Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 87 Zoubok, Boris, 147,207 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author | Reddaway, Peter 1939- |
author_GND | (DE-588)171292596 |
author_facet | Reddaway, Peter 1939- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Reddaway, Peter 1939- |
author_variant | p r pr |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV046649086 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1154002809 (DE-599)BVBBV046649086 |
era | Geschichte 1960-1990 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1960-1990 |
format | Book |
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genre_facet | Biografie Erlebnisbericht |
geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd |
geographic_facet | Sowjetunion |
id | DE-604.BV046649086 |
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index_date | 2024-07-03T14:15:48Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:50:15Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780815737735 |
language | English |
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physical | vi, 338 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts, Karte |
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spelling | Reddaway, Peter 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)171292596 aut The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 Peter Reddaway Memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 Washington, DC Brookings Institution Press [2020] © 2020 vi, 338 Seiten, 24 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "It has been nearly three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union--enough time for the role that the courageous dissidents ultimately contributed to the communist system's collapse to have been largely forgotten, especially in the West. This book brings to life, for contemporary readers, the often underground work of the men and women who opposed the regime and authored dissident texts, known as samizdat, that exposed the tyrannies and weaknesses of the Soviet state both inside and outside the country. Peter Reddaway spent decades studying the Soviet Union and got to know these dissidents and their work, publicizing their writings in the West and helping some of them to escape the Soviet Union and settle abroad. In this memoir he captures the human costs of the repression that marked the Soviet state, focusing in particular on Pavel Litvinov, Larisa Bogoraz, General Petro Grigorenko, Anatoly Marchenko, Alexander Podrabinek, Vyacheslav Bakhmin, and Andrei Sinyavsky. His book describes their courage but also puts their work in the context of the power struggles in the Kremlin, where politicians competed with and even succeeded in ousting one another. Reddaway's book takes readers beyond Moscow, describing politics and dissident work in other major Russian cities as well as in the outlying republics"-- Geschichte 1960-1990 gnd rswk-swf Dissident (DE-588)4150218-8 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Dissenters / Soviet Union / Biography Human rights / Soviet Union Civil rights / Soviet Union Reddaway, Peter / Friends and associates Soviet Union / Politics and government / 1953-1985 Soviet Union / Politics and government / 1985-1991 Reddaway, Peter Civil rights Dissenters Friendship Human rights Politics and government Soviet Union 1953-1991 Biographies (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Dissident (DE-588)4150218-8 s Geschichte 1960-1990 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk 978-0-8157-3774-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032060326&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032060326&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032060326&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
spellingShingle | Reddaway, Peter 1939- The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 Dissident (DE-588)4150218-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4150218-8 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4006804-3 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
title | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 |
title_alt | Memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 |
title_auth | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 |
title_exact_search | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 |
title_exact_search_txtP | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 |
title_full | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 Peter Reddaway |
title_fullStr | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 Peter Reddaway |
title_full_unstemmed | The dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 Peter Reddaway |
title_short | The dissidents |
title_sort | the dissidents a memoir of working with the resistance in russia 1960 1990 |
title_sub | a memoir of working with the resistance in Russia, 1960-1990 |
topic | Dissident (DE-588)4150218-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Dissident Sowjetunion Biografie Erlebnisbericht |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032060326&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032060326&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032060326&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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