The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution: illiberal liberation, 1917-41
"How did a regime that promised utopian-style freedom end up delivering terror and tyranny? For some, the Bolsheviks were totalitarian and the descent was inevitable; for others, Stalin was responsible; for others still, this period in Russian history was a microcosm of the Cold War. The Fate o...
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| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
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2020
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| Schriftenreihe: | Library of modern Russia
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| Zusammenfassung: | "How did a regime that promised utopian-style freedom end up delivering terror and tyranny? For some, the Bolsheviks were totalitarian and the descent was inevitable; for others, Stalin was responsible; for others still, this period in Russian history was a microcosm of the Cold War. The Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution reasons that these arguments are too simplistic. Rather, the journey from Bolshevik liberation to totalitarianism was riddled with unsuccessful experiments, compromises, confusion, panic, self-interest and over-optimism. As this book reveals, the emergence (and persistence) of the Bolshevik dictatorship was, in fact, the complicated product of a failed democratic transition. Drawing on long-ignored archival sources and original research, this fascinating volume brings together an international team of leading scholars to reconsider one of the most important and controversial questions of 20th-century history: how to explain the rise of the repressive Stalinist dictatorship." -- |
| Beschreibung: | x, 319 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781350117891 9781350117907 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution |b illiberal liberation, 1917-41 |c edited by Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Dictatorship unlimited : Lenin on the State, March - November 1917 / Erik van Ree -- The permanent campaign and the fate of political freedom in Russia / Lars T. Lih -- Local government, disorder and the origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 / Dakota Irvin -- Lenin's 'living link'? Petitioning the ruler across the revolutionary divide / Lara Douds -- The communist party and the late 1930s Soviet democracy campaigns : origins and outcomes / Yiannis Kokosalakis -- Trotsky and the questions of agency, democracy and dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 / Ian D. Thatcher -- Discipline versus democracy : the 1923 party controversy / James Harris -- Democracy and violence, 1917-37 / J. Arch Getty -- Stalinist moderation and the turn to repression : utopianism and realpolitik in the mid-1930s / Olga Velikanova -- Debating the early Soviet nationalities policy : the case of Soviet Ukraine / Okena Palko -- The international situation : fear of invasion and growing authoritarianism / Peter Whitewood -- Bolshevik revolution and the enlightenment of the people / Sheila Fitzpatrick -- Walking the razor's edge : the origins of Soviet censorship / Polly Corrigan -- Revolutionary participation, youthful civic-mindedness / Andy Willimott -- Liberation and authoritarianism in the early Soviet campaign to 'struggle with prostitution' / Siobhán Hearne -- Soviet canteens in pre-war USSR, 1917-41 : promises of emancipation and everyday violence / François-Xavier Nérard | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "How did a regime that promised utopian-style freedom end up delivering terror and tyranny? For some, the Bolsheviks were totalitarian and the descent was inevitable; for others, Stalin was responsible; for others still, this period in Russian history was a microcosm of the Cold War. The Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution reasons that these arguments are too simplistic. Rather, the journey from Bolshevik liberation to totalitarianism was riddled with unsuccessful experiments, compromises, confusion, panic, self-interest and over-optimism. As this book reveals, the emergence (and persistence) of the Bolshevik dictatorship was, in fact, the complicated product of a failed democratic transition. Drawing on long-ignored archival sources and original research, this fascinating volume brings together an international team of leading scholars to reconsider one of the most important and controversial questions of 20th-century history: how to explain the rise of the repressive Stalinist dictatorship." -- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS Contributors be Introduction: Illiberal Liberation, 1917-41 Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood 1 Part I Bolshevik Ideology and Practice 15 1 Dictatorship Unlimited: Lenin on the State, March-November 1917 Erik van Ree 17 2 The Permanent Campaign and the Fate of Political Freedom in Russia Lars T. Lih 31 Part II Workers’ Democracy and Soviet State-Building 47 3 Local Government, Disorder and the Origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 Dakota Irvin 49 4 Lenin’s ‘Living Link’? Petitioning the Ruler across the Revolutionary Divide Lara Douds 63 5 The Communist Party and the Late 1930s Soviet Democracy Campaigns: Origins and Outcomes Yiannis Kokosalakis Part III Internal Party Democracy 6 7 Trotsky and the Questions of Agency, Democracy and Dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 Ian D. Thatcher Discipline versus Democracy: The 1923 Party Controversy James Harris 77 93 95 109
Contents Part IV Repression and Moderation 125 8 127 Democracy and Violence, 1917-37 J. Arch Getty 9 Stalinist Moderation and the Turn to Repression: Utopianism and Realpolitik in the Mid-1930s 141 Olga Velikanova Part V National Tensions and International Threats 155 10 Debating the Early Soviet Nationalities Policy: The Case of Soviet Ukraine 157 Olena Palko 11 The International Situation: Fear of Invasion and Growing Authoritarianism 173 Peter Whitewood Part VI Culture and Society: Experimentation and Control 187 12 Bolshevik Revolution and the Enlightenment of the People 189 Sheila Fitzpatrick 13 Walking the Razor’s Edge: The Origins of Soviet Censorship 201 Polly Corrigan 14 Revolutionary Participation, Youthful Civic-Mindedness 215 Andy Willimott 15 Liberation and Authoritarianism in the Early Soviet Campaign to ‘Struggle with Prostitution’ 231 Siobhán Hearne 16 Soviet Canteens in Pre-War USSR, 1917-41: Promises of Emancipation and Everyday Violence 245 François-Xavier Nérard Notes Select Bibliography Index viii 256 307 309
INDEX accounting and control 23 Adibekov, G. M. 276 n.17 Adler, Viktor 35 Agamben, Giorgio 147 agricultural and industrial prices 115-16, 118 Akhmatova, Anna 209 alcohol pogroms 57 Alexander III 66 All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) 278 n.13 All-Union Communist Party, see Communist Party The Alternative Culture: Socialist Labor in Imperial Germany (Lidtke) 34-5 anarchism 20 Anderson, Kevin 17 Andronnikov, Vladimir 59 Anichkov, Vladimir P. 55, 59 anti-Bolsheviks 97 Anti-Duhring (Engels) 20 anti-Leninist 121,123 anti-stigmatization brothel keepers 238 engaging in debauchery 238 illiberal administrative measures 241 Leningrad Committee 240 liberation and authoritarianism 237 morality 238 prejudices 238 professional beggars 241 prostitutes 237 social patronage scheme 239 socially harmful element 242 stigmatization of prostitutes 239 struggle campaign 237 venereal disease transmission 240 waged labour 237 welfare and repression 237 appointmentism 117,122 aristocratic-bourgeois 300 n.7 Armand, Inessa 20 Artuzov, Artur 181 Arzhilovskii, Andrei 145 Asaoka, Zenji 217, 228 authoritarianism 2, 7, 205 liberation and 237 Soviet 11 Babel, Isaac 129 Badcock, Sarah 52 Balezin, S. A. 222, 224, 226-8 batiushka myth 64 Bebel, August 36 Bednyi, Dem’ian 251 Beer, Daniel 220 Bek, Anna 238 Beria, Lavrentii 90 Besancon, Alain 18, 24 Blium, Arlen 204 Bogdanov, Alexander 191,195 Bolshevik programme 79 Bolshevik theory 160 Bolsheviks 1,39, 42, 55, 110 as administrators 59 approach to censorship 212 authoritarian DNA 49 authoritarian order 1 bourgeois state, smashing 6 capitalist powers
13 chaos of 1917 111 City Duma elections 56 and civil war 158-63 democratic development 2 foreign policy 174 full autonomy 53 and Kadets 56 mobilization 292 n.37 municipal platform 61 political agenda 52 political freedom 45 progressive taxes 53 revolutionary dreaming 6 social conception of citizenship 84 socialist revolution 64 state monopoly campaignism 32 state power, collapse 43 struggle against disorder 57 Bolshevism 34,49, 57, 81, 83 foundations of 123 and Menshevism 37 organizational principles of 100 revolutionary traditions 105-6 Trotsky’s 100-3 Bonaparte, Louis 19 Bonch-Bruevich, V. D. 70
Index bourgeois-anarchist individualism 202 bourgeois democracy 3-4,65,100 bourgeois freedom 33 bourgeois parliamentarism 18 bourgeois philanthropists 232 bourgeois wartime state 18 Bradley, Joseph 219 Brezhnev, Leonid 74 Bri-Bein, Maria Feliksovna 245 Brichkina, S. B. 72 Brooks, Jeffrey 143 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 1 Bukharin, Nikolai 18-21,42, 86, 216-17 Bulgakov, Mikhail 210 bureaucracy 12 Bolshevism-Leninism, defeat 101 rule of 99 Trotsky’s fight against 100 bureaucratic-military state machine, smashing 22 bureaucratic organization 20 bureaucratism 9, 13, 80 bureaucratization 12, 193, 293 n.37 Burov, Aleksei 250 Callahan, Kevin J. 34, 36 campaignism 11, 32 aim of 33 life in Soviet Union 44-5 Marxism and 33 and political freedom 36-40 state monopoly 40-4 canteens 245 directors 252 disappearance of food 246 dysfunction 249 and fortresses 248 at Gorky automobile plant 247 illegitimacy 248 industrialization 247 inspections 250 kitchen factory 251 narpit 249 penury 247, 248 quantitative approach 248 scandals, resilience and violence 249-52 capitalist culture 4 censorship 201, 297 n.51 elements of 202 as freedom 214 linguistics of 211֊ 12 policy of state 203 and political police 210-11 into practice 207-10 pre-revolutionary 202 in principle 205-7 310 and Soviet censorship 203-5 tsarist system 202 Central Control Commission (TsKK) 116-20, 122-3 centralisation 127 arrests and 132-3 jurisdiction and 130-2 legality and repression 139 of political police 132,139 self-determination vs. party 158-63 chaos Bolsheviks 111 mass operations and centralized 138-9 political and social 170
revolutionary events 58 Cheka(s) (political police) 130 control of local 130 draft statute 130 Ekaterinburg 60 into GPU 131 quasi-religious role 211 chelobitnyi prikaz 66 Chicherin, Georgii 175, 182 Chubar, Vlas 166 Chutskaev, Sergei 56, 58-9 civil war 112 Bolsheviks and 158-63 re-igniting 138 Civil War (1918-21) 128-30 Clemenceau, Georges 184 Cohen, Stephen E 1 Cold War 1-2 scholarship 2 collective catering system 247-8,253-4 ever-failing system 252 portrait 249 repression 252 sabotage 252 Soviet 248 collectivization 133-6, 141 lethal force 137 Comintern 103 Commissariat of Finance (Narkomfin) 116 Committee for Public Safety (KOB) 50 commune-state 25, 215, 217, 228-9 communism 4,106 self-administered society 5, 7 Soviet 10 Communist Manifesto (Marx Engels) 19-20, 26 Communist Party 1, 77 Bolshevism of 1917 and 102 bureaucratization 99 commune-state to party-state 78-83 18th Congress and new party rules (see 18th Congress and new party rules)
Index constitutional provisions 84 democratic politics 86 democratization campaign 86-7 elections 85-6 industrialization process 83 one-party dictatorship and 98 one-party rule 85 under proletarian revolution 98 remnants of capitalism 83 socialist legislative process 84 society and state 85 workers and toilers unite 84 Communist Party of Western Ukraine (KPZU) 168 18th Congress and new party rules amendments to Rules 88-9 democratization campaign 87, 90 function of military repression 89 Marxism-Leninism 88, 92 multi-candidate rule 91 over-vigilance 87, 89 party life 87 phases 89 principle of electability 88 recruitment 88 social transformations 90 socialism and defence 90 TsK resolution 87 Credo (Kuskova) 37 crisis pragmatism 145 cultural revolution 9, 13 Das Erfurter Programm (Kautsky) 40 David-Fox, Michael 219-21,229 Declaration of the 46 118-23 ‘A Defenceless Creature’ (Chekhov) 67 degeneration 277 n.42 democracy 2, 79,127 Bolshevism and Stalinism (1929-40) 100-3 conceptions 128 defence of 9 establishment of 19 inner-party 8 and liberalism 2 majority rule 26 most extensive 17 party 12 premodern 2 and unavoidable civil war 55 vision of 4 democratic centralism 160 democratic transition 10 democratization 12, 52, 77, 100 Demonstration Culture: European Socialism and the Second International (Callahan) 34 Denikin, Anton 161-2 Dewey, John 191 dictatorship capitalist encirclement and 178-81 and democracy in Soviet State (1917-22) 96-8 question of agency, Stalin 103-6 state of intense war 178 dictatorship, unlimited class dictatorship 26 intense struggle 27 limitation 29
revolutionary people 27 scientific concept 27 workers’ party 28 dictatorship of the proletariat 25 discursive referent 221 Dmitriev, Maksim 248 Dobrenko, Evgeny 141,143 Draper, Hal 26-7, 42 Duma, City 50 after February Revolution 53 ambitious programme 57 democratic elements 52 fiscal management 59 KOB 50 people’s militia 50 Dutov, Ataman Aleksandr 60 Dzerzhinskii, Feliks 72, 116, 130-2,137, 177,183, 211 Egorov, Aleksandr 182 Ekaterinburg 49 anti-Bolshevik forces 61 Bolsheviks (see Bolsheviks) Cheka 60 City Duma (see Duma, City) city management 59 civil war 61 commissariat system in 60 counter-revolutionary uprising 60 food purchasing areas 50 Food Supply Committee 58 food supply question 51 guberniia administration 54 limited franchise 54 liquidation of institutions 60 local self-government 59 municipal platform 53 privatized monopoly 58 proletariat dictatorship 60 Provisional Government 50 Revkom 57 SRs 54 traditional institutions 49 unstable financial situation 59 Engels, Friedrich 4, 17, 19-22, 24-6,32-3 311
Index enlightenment agitation 195 bourgeois influences 195 bureaucratism 197-8 bureaucratization 193 controlling and advisory 194 cultural revolution 196,198 education 189-90 educational reform 194-5 educational soviets 194 grassroots democracy 199 hobbyhorse 194 intellectual readjustments 193 labour school 191 Lenin’s enthusiasms 192 one-man-management 198 politprosvet (political enlightenment) 194, 196 progressive pedagogical theory 190,192 proletarian culture 191 radical modification 196 radicalism 192 revolutionary working class 193 tsarist education 191-2 The Erfart Program (Kautsky) 36 Erfurtian underground 40 Erfurtianism 263 n.21 European Social Democracy 31,43 evangelistic enthusiasm 44 Ezhov, Nikolai 138,150 factionalism 12, 114, 122,180, 183 factory committees 23 factual kontrol 73 The Fatal Eggs (Bulgakov) 210 February Revolution 49-52, 58,61,64, 110,128, 157, 192 female unemployment and poverty 232 commissariat 234 demobilized soldiers 233 dispensaries 235-6 domestic workers 235 dominance, women 233 and economic instability 236 economic vulnerability 237 inspection brigade 234 preventing 234 prostitutes 234 resources and funding 236 special cadre of inspectors 234 Ferdinand, Franz 183 First Five-Year Plan (FYP) 77, 83 first phase of communism 85, 89,144 Fitzpatrick, Sheila 13-14, 149 312 Foch, Ferdinand 176 France Enlightenment in pre-Revolutionary 36 political freedom in 33 revolutions of 1848 19 suffrage 3,257 n.15 Frank, Stephen 268 n.10 French revolutionary Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789) 85 Friedrich, Carl 1 Frolov, Sergei 74
Frunze, Mikhail 176 Garaško, К. 250 Georgian movement 103 Gerasimov, Ilya V. 219 Germany political freedom in 33 Social Democratic movement 35 suffrage 3 Waffen- und Munitionsbeschaffungsamt 18 Getty, J. Arch 64, 86,150,152 Gitis, Israel 252 Glavlit 203, 206-7, 209-10, 214 Gorkii, Maksim 40, 150 Gorsuch, Anne E. 227 Great Terror (1937-8) 141, 148,152, 252 Great War 21 Gubernia, Samara 74 gublit 210-11 Guesde, Jules 35 Gumilev, Nikolai 209 Habermas, Jurgen 220 Haines, Anna 235 Halle, Fannina 235 hardened prostitutes 234-5, 237, 242 Harding, Neil 17 Harris, James R. 148 Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi 50-1, 57 Hilferding, Rudolf 18 Hill, Christopher 18 Historical Materialism (Bukharin) 216 History of the Russian Revolution to Brest-Litovsk (Trotsky) 95 Hoffmann, David 141,145 hooligans 57 Howard, Roy 85 Hryn’ko, H. 163,169 Iagoda, G. 134,137,143, 146,148,181 illiberal liberation 2 illiteracy, campaigns 8 The Immediate Tasks ofSoviet Power (Lenin) 80
Index international situation 173 capitalist encirclement and dictatorship 178-81 Piłsudski coup and war scare 181-3 renewed pressure on opposition 183-5 renewed war (1921-3), fear 174-7 International Social Democracy 19, 35 invasion, fear of capitalist encirclement and dictatorship 178-81 renewed war (1921-3) 174-7 Ioffe, Adolf 174 Ispolkom 54-6, 59 Iurovskii 57 Iushin, V. 72 Jesuits’ policy 160 Joyce, James 205 Kaganovich, Iulii 253-4 Kaganovich, Lazar 134,165-6,168-9, 182 Kalinin, Mikhail 70 Kamenev, L. Б. 98, 121, 131,163 Kamenev, Sergei 175 Karpinskii, V. A. 72 Kautsky, Karl 20,22, 36,40, 96 Kerschensteiner, Georg 191 Kharkhordin, Oleg 221 Khlevniuk, O. V. 142-3,148-50 Khrushchev, Nikita 74 Kirov, S. M. 135 Klimovich 88 Kokosalakis, Yiannis 143 Kollontai, Alexandra 20,68,179, 237-8 Komissiia proshenU (1810-84) 66 Komsomol 13, 215-16 cultural mission 216 Eighth Congress 217, 227 ideological imperatives 216 obshchestvennaia nomenklatura 221-2 social and cultural initiatives 227 subbotniki 216 konspiratsia underground 40 korenizatsiia policy 13,158 anti-Ukrainian chauvinism 166 bilingualism 167 Bolshevik ideology 170 comprehensive national programme 164 economic decentralization 169 governmental employees 167 indigenous populations 164 industrial working class 165 industrialization 169,171 modernization and economic equalization 164 objectives 169 rural-to-urban migration 165 socialism 164 success of 170 Ukrainian-Polish Army 163 Ukrainization (see Ukrainization) unity 163 working-class mobilization 167 Kosheleva, L. 282 n.23 Kosior, Stanislav 114 Kotkin, Stephen
149,153,207 Krasnaia Niva 210 Krausz, Tamás 18, 22 Krawchenko, Bohdan 165 Krestinskii, Nikolai 174 Krof, L. A. 57-8 Kronstadt rebellion 97 Krupskaia, N. K. 189, 206, 209, 225 Krylenko, N. 148 Kulygin, V. 151 Kuskova, Elena 37-8 KUTB 231, 235, 240 Kviring, Emanuil 161 labour armies 112 Lander, Karl 73 Lassalle, Ferdinand 33-6, 44-5 leadership, Communist Party 80, 82 Lebedev-Polianskii, Pavel 201, 203, 207, 210, 213 Lehina, N. В. 237 Left Opposition 12 Left Socialist Revolutionaries 81 Left-Wing Communism (Lenin) 34 Lenin, V. I. 173, 237 election proposal 5 Ilyich, Vladimir 195,198 living link 74 parenthetical qualification 34 parliamentarism 25 petitioning 68 proletariat dictatorship 5, 9 radical-democratic credentials 18 revolutionary censorship 14 self-administered society 7,9 social conception of citizenship 81 socialism 23 socialist revolution 18 The State and Revolution (Lenin) 4-7,13,17, 19, 22-3, 26, 28, 49, 61 state monopoly capitalism 21 unlimited government 29 view of workers 38 workers’ control 24 Lenin Levy 82 Leninism 1, 107 departure from 122 foundations of 123 Lensch, Paul 21 313
Index liberal democracy 2 liberal universalism 19 Lidtke, Vernon 34-5 Lih, Lars T. 18, 23, 189-91 Lindenmeyr, Adele 219 liquidation schools 206 Litvinov, Maksim 175, 182 living link 71, 74 Loewenstein, Karl 220 Lunacharskii, A. V, 43, 189, 206-8 Maiakovskii faction 209 malicious prostitutes 237 maliciously diseased prostitutes 240 Mandelstam, Osip 209 Martov, Iulii 37 Marx, Karl 4-5, 17, 19-20, 24-6, 32-3, 78-9, 192-3, 215, 220 Marxism 5, 31, 97, 143 and campaignism 33 and Stalinism 102 Marxism-Leninism 111 Marxist Draper 26 Marxist project 24 Marxist revolution 201 mass literacy 203 mass operations and centralized chaos 138-9 mass repressions 149-50,154, 281 n.78 mass violence 138-9 Bolshevik leadership 133 civilization and class vengeance, breakdown 129 controlling 130 dekulakization campaign 134 grain crisis 135 injudicial order 134 lethal violence 133 Lower Volga communists 133 mass repression 135 monopoly on death sentences 135 OGPU plenipotentiaries 134 orgy of arrests 136 Red Terror of 1918 128-9 On Revolutionary Legality order 135 spontaneous violence 129 The Master and Margarita (Bulgakov) 210 Matsui, Yasuhiro 220, 228 Mazlakh, Serhii 160, 167 Mehnert, Klaus 226 Mensheviks 4, 53,110 Menshevism 37 Miasnikov, G. I. 197 Mikoian, Anastas 252 military censorship 207 military dictatorship 7 314 moderation, Stalinist 141 adjustments 149 agricultural workforce, lack 146 anti-Soviet elements 153 ‘care about technical cadres’ 144 Constitution (1936) 142-3 contradictions 142 Cossacks 147 crisis pragmatism 145 decisive force 143 developments 150 election law and changes 144-5
explosions of fury 150 figurative power system 142 franchise, expansion 151 historians as 147 investments, industry 146 legality and extralegality 147-8 liberal constitution 150-2 mobilization campaigns 153 New People in the Stakhanovites 150 objective conditions 143 pattern of duality 141-2 repressions 145,148-9,154 sabotaging procurement 146 socialism 143, 145, 152 socialist offensive 143 state of exception 147 modern capitalism 24 modern communism 19 Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich 77,83, 121,137, 143, 182 most malicious prostitutes 241 Mother (Gorkii) 40 Muller, Beate 205 municipalization 59 Nagorskii, M.V. 55 Narkomos 163, 168-9 Narkompros 13,189,194-8, 293 n.40, 293 n.47 Narodnaia volia 36 Neumann, Matthias 221-2, 228 New Economic Policy (NEP) 8, 109,111-16, 119, 122, 227-8, 233 Nicholas II96 Novgorod, Nizhnii 52, 247-8, 251, 253 Obscene Publications Act of 1857 205 obshchepit system 253 obshchestvennaia sfera 219 obshchestvennost] Soviet 216 collectivism 224 commune life 225-6 cultural-enlightenment activities 225 development 217
Index drunkenness 223 hooliganism 223 as identity 220 loyal critique 223 managed 227-9 Mutual Aid 222 notion 221, 228 obshchestvennaia nomenkaltura 222 radical-democratic vision 218 revolutionary state management 218 samokritika (self-criticism) 225 scientific approach 226 self-motivated 222 social work 222-4, 226 student population 224 obshchvestvennaia rabota 229 October Revolution 3, 12,49, 54-6, 59-61,95, 101, 106,128 interruption 193 in kontrol 73 liquidation of exploitative classes 89 and Soviet regime 157 OGPU 131-2, 210 Okruzhkom, Vinnistkii 121 Olgin, Moissaye J. 40 Olski, Ian 252-3 one-party dictatorship 180 OSOAVIAKhIM 216, 228 Palko, Õlena 12-13 Paris Commune of 1871 19, 22, 27 democratic republic 25 government of the working class 24 Parliamentarianism (Kautsky) 36 parliamentarism 25 Parti Ouvrier Francais (Guesde) 35 party discipline 124 Patterson, Annabel 205 Paul I. 66 Pedagogical Dictionary 192 permanent campaign 31 campaignism and life in Soviet Union 44-5 Lassalle and SPD 33-6 Marxist origins 32-3 and political freedom 31 Russian social democracy 36-40 to state monopoly campaignism 40-4 personal audience 64 petitions/petitioning, rulers 64 de-bureaucratizing tool 68 government and people 74 Great Reforms 66 kontrol' 70 negative eifects 73 political culture 67 political participation 74 proshenie 68, 75 serfs 66 tsar and peasants 66, 69 tsarist administration 67 Petliura, Symon 175 Petrograd All-Russian Congress of Soviets 54 mob violence in 50 radical transformations 56, 60 seizure of power 54 unavoidable civil war 55 Petrov, E. 223-4, 228 Petrovskii, G.
I. 130 Pipes, Richard 189 Piłsudski, Jozef 163,175, 177 Piłsudski coup and war scare anti-Soviet coalition 182 foreign imperialism 182 Polish militarism 182 Sarajevo 183 Soviet Union and Poland 181 Voikovs murder 182 planned economy 45 pluralism 95,107 Pod Znamenem Marksizma (PZM) 83, 86 Polan, A. J. 18 Politburo 109 economic crisis 117 economic policy 116 economic recovery 113 electoral principle 117 factional dictatorship 117 illegal arrests, specialists 132 Party organizations 113 series of commissions 113,115 systematic struggle 116 troikas 136 Trotsky and 109 Politburo majority 12 political campaign 31 political freedom betrayal 39 Bolsheviks 45 campaignism and 36-40 in Germany and France 33 role of 37 political kontrol 73 political police/policing 131, 289 n.60 censorship and 210-11 Cheka (see Cheka(s) (political police)) political systems 3 politprosvet (political enlightenment) 194, 196 powerless feign deference 74 Pramnek, Eduard 253 315
Index Pravda 77,82, 87-8, 120,178,183, 208-9, 212,232, 235, 240 Priemmia 68 primitive democratism 22 Primo de Rivera, Miguel 7 Prishvin, Mikhail 152 professional prostitutes 242 Program of the Communists (Bukharin) 42 proletarian democracy 11, 70 living link 11 openness and responsiveness 11 Soviet 14 workers’ control 17 proletarian dictatorship 5,19 proletarian public 44 proletarian revolution 160 Proletkult movement 6 prostitutes 233, 237, 239 hardened 234-5, 237, 242 malicious 237 professional 242 repression 242 stigmatization 242-3 theory of 303 n.63 prostitution 231, 239, 300 n.6 campaign to eradicate 240 as economic problem 238 law reform: 303 n.64 male 300 n.l as necessary evil 232 Public Education and Democracy (Krupskaia) 190 public-worker activists 225 Putin, Vladimir 63-4 Rabinowitch, Alexander 61 Rabkrin 73 Radek, Karl 176 radical-democratic utopianism 28 Rae, John 32 Read, Christopher 17-18 Red Guards 6,57 Red Terror of 1918 128-9 redeemable woman 242 renewed war (1921-3) anti-Soviet border-states 175 French and Belgian troops 176 military attack 175 Polish intervention 176 Red Army 175-7 Soviet intelligence 176-7 Soviet-Polish War 174 trade agreements 177 repression of 1937-8 245 revisionists 1 Revolution (1905) 65 revolutionary dictatorship 262 n.l04 316 revolutionary people 27 Revolutionary Salvation Committee (Revkom) 55, 57 revolutionary social democracy 31, 36 Rieber, Alfred J. 64 Rodchenko, Aleksandr 248 Ruhr crisis 179 Russia capitalist elements 179 crisis 7 electrification 6 managed democracy 74 political culture 75 Russian Peoples Commissariat of
Internal Affairs (RNKVD) 278 n.13 Russian Revolution 12,26,96-7,106, 161, 163 Russian social democracy 36-40,103 anti-tsarist revolution, abandonment 39 bourgeoisie 37 Iskra group, critics 37 Kautsky writings 36 konspiratsia 40 liquidationists 39 Mensheviks and Bolsheviks 39 political freedom 36-7 political liberty 37 praktiki 39-40 proletarian workers 38 revolutionary social democracy 36 Social Democratic campaignism 38 socialist realism 40 SPD model 37-8 underground 40 Russian Social Democratic party 41 Russian Social Democratic Worker Party 37 Ryan, James 18 Rykov, Aleksei 121,137 sabotage, liquidation of consequences 252-5 scandals desensitization 251 public 249-50 public denunciation 250 Schapiro, Leonard 189 Schmitt, Carl 29 Scissors Crisis 114-15 Scott, James C. 74 security threats 82 seizure of power 4, 6, 292 n.34 self-administered society 5, 7, 9 self-governing commune-state 83 Semashko, Nikolai 236, 241-2 serious political error 118 Shakhrai, Vasyl 167 Shakhty Affair 137 Shearer, David 148
Index Shelomovich, V. 88 Sherry, Samantha 204 Shkarovskii, M. V. 237 Shliapnikov, Aleksander 7, 179 Shums’kyi, Oleksander 163,167-9 Shvernik, Nikolai 86 Siegelbaum, Lewis H. 215 single-party rule 81-2 Skrypnik, M. N. 166-7 Skrzyński, Aleksander 181 social democracy permanent campaign 36 pre-war 32,42, 45 revolutionary 31, 36 Russian (see Russian social democracy) SPD 34 Social Democratic movement 20, 35-6 social democratic thinking 19-20 social ownership 4 social revolution 32 socialism 20-1, 28,232, 259 n.42 attainment of 141,145 construction 80-1, 85, 90 as efficient hierarchy 22-4 realization 143 socialist regulation 18 socialist revolution 23, 189 Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 4, 53-4 tactical blunders 56 Sosnovskii, Lev 51, 55 Soviet censorship historical parallels 204-5 post-revolutionary censorship 203 pre-revolutionary censorship 203 quotidian reality 213 speech regulation 204 Soviet-civil society associational public activity 219 component aspect 220 imagined community 220 obshchestvennosť 218-19 professionalization 221 public sphere 220-1 regimes dysfunctions, loyal critique 221 Soviet democracy commune-state 25 parliamentarism 25 proletarian state 25 pyramid of soviets 24 Soviet governments petitions or denunciations 65 Reception 70 tsarist and 74 Soviet nationalities policy implementation 158 korenizatsiia (see korenizatsiia policy) moderation 163 resolution 162 Tsentral’na Rada 159 Soviet political system democratization 86 fondamental traits 80 over bourgeois parliamentarism 85 Soviet Union 2 campaignism and life in 44-5 internal and external threats 184
Soviet-Polish War 174 Sovnarkom Reception 69-71 complaints and statements 72 illiberal liberation 71 as living link 71-2 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) 34, 37-8 Spanish Civil War 153 Spectacle of Two Worlds 44 speech regulation 14 Spilka Vyzvolennia Ukrainy (SVU) 168 Stakhanovite movement 44-5,145 Stalin, I. V. capitalist powers 183 censorship 207 criticisms 120 cult of personality 136 dictatorship and question of agency 103-6 Dizziness from Successes 142 grouping victims 138 moderation (see moderation, Stalinist) opposing mass operations 138 political police, control 137 revolutionary movement 103 Secretariat 111 tactical manoeuvre 122 Stalin, Joseph 91 Stalinism 1, 32,100-3 Bolshevism and 102 Marxism and 102 The State and Revolution (Lenin) 4-7,13, 17,19, 22-3,26,28,49,61,71, 78-80, 89, 143,192, 215 tiny minority of exploiters 80 state apparatus, smashing 20 state capitalism 21 state monopoly campaignism 32 impact of 45 permanent campaign to 40-4 state monopoly capitalism 21 State Planning Committee (Gosplan) 116 State Political Administration (GPU) 206 state power 7, 79 revolutionary 84 struggle with prostitution, campaign 231 Struve, Petr 37 317
Index Takhtarev, K. M. 38 Tarasevich, Piotr Adamovich 253 Thaw 22 і Third Party Congress 26 Timasheff, Nicholas 141 To the Rural Poor (Lenin) 38 totalitarian censorship 207 totalitarian model 1 transitional dictatorship 10 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 161 Treaty of Riga 174-5 Trotsky, Leon 8-Ю, 12, 82, 95,109, 164,175-6, 178-80, 184, 208,212,274 n.19 attack on TsK 120 capitalism and socialism 113 capitalist exploiters 96 centralization of economy 97-8 class dictatorship 98 Commission on State Industry 113 committeemen 105 criticisms 114, 120 December 5 resolution 119-20,122-3 decline of democracy 124 degeneration 119 democratic concerns (1923-9) 98-100 democratically elected Constituent Assembly 97 disagreements with Politburo 116-17 electoral principle 119 endorsement of future war 185 extremism and opportunism 104 flagrant violation of party discipline 123 internal party, critique 118 par excellence 96,103 party bureaucratization 100 party majority, criticism 110 permanent revolution 95 persistent factional attacks 121 and Politburo 109 skloki 113,119 social imperialists 96 socialism and capitalism 101 socialist democracy 103 state industry report 114-15 substitutionism 105 Tsiurupa, Alexander 72 TsK (Central Committee) 77,161 February-March plenum 87, 90 initiatives 88 resolution 87 sanction 135 and TsKK 117-18,120, 122-3 Tucker, R. 1 Tukhachevskii, Mikhail 175,182 Tumanova, A. S. 219 318 Ukraine anti-Ukrainian attitude 162 autonomy and cultural development 163 Bolshevik approach 158 Boroťbysty 161-3 claims for independence 160-1 German occupation of 160 korenizatsiia (see
korenizatsiia policy) self-determination 159 social democrat 160 Ukrainization cultural work 168 demographic character 165 Gosplan 169 hostile forces 168 KPZU programme 168 objectives 169 proletarian 165-6 re-identification 166 reinforcing comprehensive 165 Soviet culture and society 168 spontaneous 168 success of 167 SVU trial 168 Ulitsa, Mokhovaia 70 ultra-democratic model 17 unemployment 6-7,112, 120. see also female unemployment and poverty Uprava 52, 57 Budget-Finance Committee 58 commissariat system 60 compulsory regulations 58 Urals Bolsheviks 56-7 Urals Oblast 56 Uryvaev, M. E. 114 Valentinov, Nikolay 192 Vaľter, E A. 238 van Ree, Erik 10, 91, 190,218 Vandervelde, Emile 36 vanguard party 18 Vareikis, I. M. 121 Velychenko, Stephen 161 violence 246, 250, 255 mass violence (see mass violence) Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) 85 Voikov, Petr 182 Volkov, Vadim 219, 221 Volobuev, Mykhailo 169 Vol’skii, R. 85 Vyshinskii, Andrei 148 Waffen- und Munitionsbeschaffungsamt 18 War Communism 7, 233 war socialism 21
Index What Is to Be Done? (Lenin) 39 Witte, Sergei 21 workers’ control 23-4 workers’ democracy 119, 122 Workers’ Opposition 7, 112-13 Workers’ Opposition and Democratic Centralist 81,178 Workers’ Opposition and Workers’ Truth 114, 116 Wrangel, Petr 175 Yenukidze, Avel 143-4 Yurchak, Alexei 143 Zemliatcha, Rosalinda 251 Zhdanov, Andrei 86-8, 90-2 Zhukov, N. 222, 227-8 Zhurova, Natalia 63 Zhvachkin, Sergei 63 Zinoviev, G. 42, 82, 98, 129, 176 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 319 |
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CONTENTS Contributors be Introduction: Illiberal Liberation, 1917-41 Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood 1 Part I Bolshevik Ideology and Practice 15 1 Dictatorship Unlimited: Lenin on the State, March-November 1917 Erik van Ree 17 2 The Permanent Campaign and the Fate of Political Freedom in Russia Lars T. Lih 31 Part II Workers’ Democracy and Soviet State-Building 47 3 Local Government, Disorder and the Origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 Dakota Irvin 49 4 Lenin’s ‘Living Link’? Petitioning the Ruler across the Revolutionary Divide Lara Douds 63 5 The Communist Party and the Late 1930s Soviet Democracy Campaigns: Origins and Outcomes Yiannis Kokosalakis Part III Internal Party Democracy 6 7 Trotsky and the Questions of Agency, Democracy and Dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 Ian D. Thatcher Discipline versus Democracy: The 1923 Party Controversy James Harris 77 93 95 109
Contents Part IV Repression and Moderation 125 8 127 Democracy and Violence, 1917-37 J. Arch Getty 9 Stalinist Moderation and the Turn to Repression: Utopianism and Realpolitik in the Mid-1930s 141 Olga Velikanova Part V National Tensions and International Threats 155 10 Debating the Early Soviet Nationalities Policy: The Case of Soviet Ukraine 157 Olena Palko 11 The International Situation: Fear of Invasion and Growing Authoritarianism 173 Peter Whitewood Part VI Culture and Society: Experimentation and Control 187 12 Bolshevik Revolution and the Enlightenment of the People 189 Sheila Fitzpatrick 13 Walking the Razor’s Edge: The Origins of Soviet Censorship 201 Polly Corrigan 14 Revolutionary Participation, Youthful Civic-Mindedness 215 Andy Willimott 15 Liberation and Authoritarianism in the Early Soviet Campaign to ‘Struggle with Prostitution’ 231 Siobhán Hearne 16 Soviet Canteens in Pre-War USSR, 1917-41: Promises of Emancipation and Everyday Violence 245 François-Xavier Nérard Notes Select Bibliography Index viii 256 307 309
INDEX accounting and control 23 Adibekov, G. M. 276 n.17 Adler, Viktor 35 Agamben, Giorgio 147 agricultural and industrial prices 115-16, 118 Akhmatova, Anna 209 alcohol pogroms 57 Alexander III 66 All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) 278 n.13 All-Union Communist Party, see Communist Party The Alternative Culture: Socialist Labor in Imperial Germany (Lidtke) 34-5 anarchism 20 Anderson, Kevin 17 Andronnikov, Vladimir 59 Anichkov, Vladimir P. 55, 59 anti-Bolsheviks 97 Anti-Duhring (Engels) 20 anti-Leninist 121,123 anti-stigmatization brothel keepers 238 engaging in debauchery 238 illiberal administrative measures 241 Leningrad Committee 240 liberation and authoritarianism 237 morality 238 prejudices 238 professional beggars 241 prostitutes 237 social patronage scheme 239 socially harmful element 242 stigmatization of prostitutes 239 struggle campaign 237 venereal disease transmission 240 waged labour 237 welfare and repression 237 appointmentism 117,122 aristocratic-bourgeois 300 n.7 Armand, Inessa 20 Artuzov, Artur 181 Arzhilovskii, Andrei 145 Asaoka, Zenji 217, 228 authoritarianism 2, 7, 205 liberation and 237 Soviet 11 Babel, Isaac 129 Badcock, Sarah 52 Balezin, S. A. 222, 224, 226-8 batiushka myth 64 Bebel, August 36 Bednyi, Dem’ian 251 Beer, Daniel 220 Bek, Anna 238 Beria, Lavrentii 90 Besancon, Alain 18, 24 Blium, Arlen 204 Bogdanov, Alexander 191,195 Bolshevik programme 79 Bolshevik theory 160 Bolsheviks 1,39, 42, 55, 110 as administrators 59 approach to censorship 212 authoritarian DNA 49 authoritarian order 1 bourgeois state, smashing 6 capitalist powers
13 chaos of 1917 111 City Duma elections 56 and civil war 158-63 democratic development 2 foreign policy 174 full autonomy 53 and Kadets 56 mobilization 292 n.37 municipal platform 61 political agenda 52 political freedom 45 progressive taxes 53 revolutionary dreaming 6 social conception of citizenship 84 socialist revolution 64 state monopoly campaignism 32 state power, collapse 43 struggle against disorder 57 Bolshevism 34,49, 57, 81, 83 foundations of 123 and Menshevism 37 organizational principles of 100 revolutionary traditions 105-6 Trotsky’s 100-3 Bonaparte, Louis 19 Bonch-Bruevich, V. D. 70
Index bourgeois-anarchist individualism 202 bourgeois democracy 3-4,65,100 bourgeois freedom 33 bourgeois parliamentarism 18 bourgeois philanthropists 232 bourgeois wartime state 18 Bradley, Joseph 219 Brezhnev, Leonid 74 Bri-Bein, Maria Feliksovna 245 Brichkina, S. B. 72 Brooks, Jeffrey 143 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 1 Bukharin, Nikolai 18-21,42, 86, 216-17 Bulgakov, Mikhail 210 bureaucracy 12 Bolshevism-Leninism, defeat 101 rule of 99 Trotsky’s fight against 100 bureaucratic-military state machine, smashing 22 bureaucratic organization 20 bureaucratism 9, 13, 80 bureaucratization 12, 193, 293 n.37 Burov, Aleksei 250 Callahan, Kevin J. 34, 36 campaignism 11, 32 aim of 33 life in Soviet Union 44-5 Marxism and 33 and political freedom 36-40 state monopoly 40-4 canteens 245 directors 252 disappearance of food 246 dysfunction 249 and fortresses 248 at Gorky automobile plant 247 illegitimacy 248 industrialization 247 inspections 250 kitchen factory 251 narpit 249 penury 247, 248 quantitative approach 248 scandals, resilience and violence 249-52 capitalist culture 4 censorship 201, 297 n.51 elements of 202 as freedom 214 linguistics of 211֊ 12 policy of state 203 and political police 210-11 into practice 207-10 pre-revolutionary 202 in principle 205-7 310 and Soviet censorship 203-5 tsarist system 202 Central Control Commission (TsKK) 116-20, 122-3 centralisation 127 arrests and 132-3 jurisdiction and 130-2 legality and repression 139 of political police 132,139 self-determination vs. party 158-63 chaos Bolsheviks 111 mass operations and centralized 138-9 political and social 170
revolutionary events 58 Cheka(s) (political police) 130 control of local 130 draft statute 130 Ekaterinburg 60 into GPU 131 quasi-religious role 211 chelobitnyi prikaz 66 Chicherin, Georgii 175, 182 Chubar, Vlas 166 Chutskaev, Sergei 56, 58-9 civil war 112 Bolsheviks and 158-63 re-igniting 138 Civil War (1918-21) 128-30 Clemenceau, Georges 184 Cohen, Stephen E 1 Cold War 1-2 scholarship 2 collective catering system 247-8,253-4 ever-failing system 252 portrait 249 repression 252 sabotage 252 Soviet 248 collectivization 133-6, 141 lethal force 137 Comintern 103 Commissariat of Finance (Narkomfin) 116 Committee for Public Safety (KOB) 50 commune-state 25, 215, 217, 228-9 communism 4,106 self-administered society 5, 7 Soviet 10 Communist Manifesto (Marx Engels) 19-20, 26 Communist Party 1, 77 Bolshevism of 1917 and 102 bureaucratization 99 commune-state to party-state 78-83 18th Congress and new party rules (see 18th Congress and new party rules)
Index constitutional provisions 84 democratic politics 86 democratization campaign 86-7 elections 85-6 industrialization process 83 one-party dictatorship and 98 one-party rule 85 under proletarian revolution 98 remnants of capitalism 83 socialist legislative process 84 society and state 85 workers and toilers unite 84 Communist Party of Western Ukraine (KPZU) 168 18th Congress and new party rules amendments to Rules 88-9 democratization campaign 87, 90 function of military repression 89 Marxism-Leninism 88, 92 multi-candidate rule 91 over-vigilance 87, 89 party life 87 phases 89 principle of electability 88 recruitment 88 social transformations 90 socialism and defence 90 TsK resolution 87 Credo (Kuskova) 37 crisis pragmatism 145 cultural revolution 9, 13 Das Erfurter Programm (Kautsky) 40 David-Fox, Michael 219-21,229 Declaration of the 46 118-23 ‘A Defenceless Creature’ (Chekhov) 67 degeneration 277 n.42 democracy 2, 79,127 Bolshevism and Stalinism (1929-40) 100-3 conceptions 128 defence of 9 establishment of 19 inner-party 8 and liberalism 2 majority rule 26 most extensive 17 party 12 premodern 2 and unavoidable civil war 55 vision of 4 democratic centralism 160 democratic transition 10 democratization 12, 52, 77, 100 Demonstration Culture: European Socialism and the Second International (Callahan) 34 Denikin, Anton 161-2 Dewey, John 191 dictatorship capitalist encirclement and 178-81 and democracy in Soviet State (1917-22) 96-8 question of agency, Stalin 103-6 state of intense war 178 dictatorship, unlimited class dictatorship 26 intense struggle 27 limitation 29
revolutionary people 27 scientific concept 27 workers’ party 28 dictatorship of the proletariat 25 discursive referent 221 Dmitriev, Maksim 248 Dobrenko, Evgeny 141,143 Draper, Hal 26-7, 42 Duma, City 50 after February Revolution 53 ambitious programme 57 democratic elements 52 fiscal management 59 KOB 50 people’s militia 50 Dutov, Ataman Aleksandr 60 Dzerzhinskii, Feliks 72, 116, 130-2,137, 177,183, 211 Egorov, Aleksandr 182 Ekaterinburg 49 anti-Bolshevik forces 61 Bolsheviks (see Bolsheviks) Cheka 60 City Duma (see Duma, City) city management 59 civil war 61 commissariat system in 60 counter-revolutionary uprising 60 food purchasing areas 50 Food Supply Committee 58 food supply question 51 guberniia administration 54 limited franchise 54 liquidation of institutions 60 local self-government 59 municipal platform 53 privatized monopoly 58 proletariat dictatorship 60 Provisional Government 50 Revkom 57 SRs 54 traditional institutions 49 unstable financial situation 59 Engels, Friedrich 4, 17, 19-22, 24-6,32-3 311
Index enlightenment agitation 195 bourgeois influences 195 bureaucratism 197-8 bureaucratization 193 controlling and advisory 194 cultural revolution 196,198 education 189-90 educational reform 194-5 educational soviets 194 grassroots democracy 199 hobbyhorse 194 intellectual readjustments 193 labour school 191 Lenin’s enthusiasms 192 one-man-management 198 politprosvet (political enlightenment) 194, 196 progressive pedagogical theory 190,192 proletarian culture 191 radical modification 196 radicalism 192 revolutionary working class 193 tsarist education 191-2 The Erfart Program (Kautsky) 36 Erfurtian underground 40 Erfurtianism 263 n.21 European Social Democracy 31,43 evangelistic enthusiasm 44 Ezhov, Nikolai 138,150 factionalism 12, 114, 122,180, 183 factory committees 23 factual kontrol 73 The Fatal Eggs (Bulgakov) 210 February Revolution 49-52, 58,61,64, 110,128, 157, 192 female unemployment and poverty 232 commissariat 234 demobilized soldiers 233 dispensaries 235-6 domestic workers 235 dominance, women 233 and economic instability 236 economic vulnerability 237 inspection brigade 234 preventing 234 prostitutes 234 resources and funding 236 special cadre of inspectors 234 Ferdinand, Franz 183 First Five-Year Plan (FYP) 77, 83 first phase of communism 85, 89,144 Fitzpatrick, Sheila 13-14, 149 312 Foch, Ferdinand 176 France Enlightenment in pre-Revolutionary 36 political freedom in 33 revolutions of 1848 19 suffrage 3,257 n.15 Frank, Stephen 268 n.10 French revolutionary Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789) 85 Friedrich, Carl 1 Frolov, Sergei 74
Frunze, Mikhail 176 Garaško, К. 250 Georgian movement 103 Gerasimov, Ilya V. 219 Germany political freedom in 33 Social Democratic movement 35 suffrage 3 Waffen- und Munitionsbeschaffungsamt 18 Getty, J. Arch 64, 86,150,152 Gitis, Israel 252 Glavlit 203, 206-7, 209-10, 214 Gorkii, Maksim 40, 150 Gorsuch, Anne E. 227 Great Terror (1937-8) 141, 148,152, 252 Great War 21 Gubernia, Samara 74 gublit 210-11 Guesde, Jules 35 Gumilev, Nikolai 209 Habermas, Jurgen 220 Haines, Anna 235 Halle, Fannina 235 hardened prostitutes 234-5, 237, 242 Harding, Neil 17 Harris, James R. 148 Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi 50-1, 57 Hilferding, Rudolf 18 Hill, Christopher 18 Historical Materialism (Bukharin) 216 History of the Russian Revolution to Brest-Litovsk (Trotsky) 95 Hoffmann, David 141,145 hooligans 57 Howard, Roy 85 Hryn’ko, H. 163,169 Iagoda, G. 134,137,143, 146,148,181 illiberal liberation 2 illiteracy, campaigns 8 The Immediate Tasks ofSoviet Power (Lenin) 80
Index international situation 173 capitalist encirclement and dictatorship 178-81 Piłsudski coup and war scare 181-3 renewed pressure on opposition 183-5 renewed war (1921-3), fear 174-7 International Social Democracy 19, 35 invasion, fear of capitalist encirclement and dictatorship 178-81 renewed war (1921-3) 174-7 Ioffe, Adolf 174 Ispolkom 54-6, 59 Iurovskii 57 Iushin, V. 72 Jesuits’ policy 160 Joyce, James 205 Kaganovich, Iulii 253-4 Kaganovich, Lazar 134,165-6,168-9, 182 Kalinin, Mikhail 70 Kamenev, L. Б. 98, 121, 131,163 Kamenev, Sergei 175 Karpinskii, V. A. 72 Kautsky, Karl 20,22, 36,40, 96 Kerschensteiner, Georg 191 Kharkhordin, Oleg 221 Khlevniuk, O. V. 142-3,148-50 Khrushchev, Nikita 74 Kirov, S. M. 135 Klimovich 88 Kokosalakis, Yiannis 143 Kollontai, Alexandra 20,68,179, 237-8 Komissiia proshenU (1810-84) 66 Komsomol 13, 215-16 cultural mission 216 Eighth Congress 217, 227 ideological imperatives 216 obshchestvennaia nomenklatura 221-2 social and cultural initiatives 227 subbotniki 216 konspiratsia underground 40 korenizatsiia policy 13,158 anti-Ukrainian chauvinism 166 bilingualism 167 Bolshevik ideology 170 comprehensive national programme 164 economic decentralization 169 governmental employees 167 indigenous populations 164 industrial working class 165 industrialization 169,171 modernization and economic equalization 164 objectives 169 rural-to-urban migration 165 socialism 164 success of 170 Ukrainian-Polish Army 163 Ukrainization (see Ukrainization) unity 163 working-class mobilization 167 Kosheleva, L. 282 n.23 Kosior, Stanislav 114 Kotkin, Stephen
149,153,207 Krasnaia Niva 210 Krausz, Tamás 18, 22 Krawchenko, Bohdan 165 Krestinskii, Nikolai 174 Krof, L. A. 57-8 Kronstadt rebellion 97 Krupskaia, N. K. 189, 206, 209, 225 Krylenko, N. 148 Kulygin, V. 151 Kuskova, Elena 37-8 KUTB 231, 235, 240 Kviring, Emanuil 161 labour armies 112 Lander, Karl 73 Lassalle, Ferdinand 33-6, 44-5 leadership, Communist Party 80, 82 Lebedev-Polianskii, Pavel 201, 203, 207, 210, 213 Lehina, N. В. 237 Left Opposition 12 Left Socialist Revolutionaries 81 Left-Wing Communism (Lenin) 34 Lenin, V. I. 173, 237 election proposal 5 Ilyich, Vladimir 195,198 living link 74 parenthetical qualification 34 parliamentarism 25 petitioning 68 proletariat dictatorship 5, 9 radical-democratic credentials 18 revolutionary censorship 14 self-administered society 7,9 social conception of citizenship 81 socialism 23 socialist revolution 18 The State and Revolution (Lenin) 4-7,13,17, 19, 22-3, 26, 28, 49, 61 state monopoly capitalism 21 unlimited government 29 view of workers 38 workers’ control 24 Lenin Levy 82 Leninism 1, 107 departure from 122 foundations of 123 Lensch, Paul 21 313
Index liberal democracy 2 liberal universalism 19 Lidtke, Vernon 34-5 Lih, Lars T. 18, 23, 189-91 Lindenmeyr, Adele 219 liquidation schools 206 Litvinov, Maksim 175, 182 living link 71, 74 Loewenstein, Karl 220 Lunacharskii, A. V, 43, 189, 206-8 Maiakovskii faction 209 malicious prostitutes 237 maliciously diseased prostitutes 240 Mandelstam, Osip 209 Martov, Iulii 37 Marx, Karl 4-5, 17, 19-20, 24-6, 32-3, 78-9, 192-3, 215, 220 Marxism 5, 31, 97, 143 and campaignism 33 and Stalinism 102 Marxism-Leninism 111 Marxist Draper 26 Marxist project 24 Marxist revolution 201 mass literacy 203 mass operations and centralized chaos 138-9 mass repressions 149-50,154, 281 n.78 mass violence 138-9 Bolshevik leadership 133 civilization and class vengeance, breakdown 129 controlling 130 dekulakization campaign 134 grain crisis 135 injudicial order 134 lethal violence 133 Lower Volga communists 133 mass repression 135 monopoly on death sentences 135 OGPU plenipotentiaries 134 orgy of arrests 136 Red Terror of 1918 128-9 On Revolutionary Legality order 135 spontaneous violence 129 The Master and Margarita (Bulgakov) 210 Matsui, Yasuhiro 220, 228 Mazlakh, Serhii 160, 167 Mehnert, Klaus 226 Mensheviks 4, 53,110 Menshevism 37 Miasnikov, G. I. 197 Mikoian, Anastas 252 military censorship 207 military dictatorship 7 314 moderation, Stalinist 141 adjustments 149 agricultural workforce, lack 146 anti-Soviet elements 153 ‘care about technical cadres’ 144 Constitution (1936) 142-3 contradictions 142 Cossacks 147 crisis pragmatism 145 decisive force 143 developments 150 election law and changes 144-5
explosions of fury 150 figurative power system 142 franchise, expansion 151 historians as 147 investments, industry 146 legality and extralegality 147-8 liberal constitution 150-2 mobilization campaigns 153 New People in the Stakhanovites 150 objective conditions 143 pattern of duality 141-2 repressions 145,148-9,154 sabotaging procurement 146 socialism 143, 145, 152 socialist offensive 143 state of exception 147 modern capitalism 24 modern communism 19 Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich 77,83, 121,137, 143, 182 most malicious prostitutes 241 Mother (Gorkii) 40 Muller, Beate 205 municipalization 59 Nagorskii, M.V. 55 Narkomos 163, 168-9 Narkompros 13,189,194-8, 293 n.40, 293 n.47 Narodnaia volia 36 Neumann, Matthias 221-2, 228 New Economic Policy (NEP) 8, 109,111-16, 119, 122, 227-8, 233 Nicholas II96 Novgorod, Nizhnii 52, 247-8, 251, 253 Obscene Publications Act of 1857 205 obshchepit system 253 obshchestvennaia sfera 219 obshchestvennost] Soviet 216 collectivism 224 commune life 225-6 cultural-enlightenment activities 225 development 217
Index drunkenness 223 hooliganism 223 as identity 220 loyal critique 223 managed 227-9 Mutual Aid 222 notion 221, 228 obshchestvennaia nomenkaltura 222 radical-democratic vision 218 revolutionary state management 218 samokritika (self-criticism) 225 scientific approach 226 self-motivated 222 social work 222-4, 226 student population 224 obshchvestvennaia rabota 229 October Revolution 3, 12,49, 54-6, 59-61,95, 101, 106,128 interruption 193 in kontrol 73 liquidation of exploitative classes 89 and Soviet regime 157 OGPU 131-2, 210 Okruzhkom, Vinnistkii 121 Olgin, Moissaye J. 40 Olski, Ian 252-3 one-party dictatorship 180 OSOAVIAKhIM 216, 228 Palko, Õlena 12-13 Paris Commune of 1871 19, 22, 27 democratic republic 25 government of the working class 24 Parliamentarianism (Kautsky) 36 parliamentarism 25 Parti Ouvrier Francais (Guesde) 35 party discipline 124 Patterson, Annabel 205 Paul I. 66 Pedagogical Dictionary 192 permanent campaign 31 campaignism and life in Soviet Union 44-5 Lassalle and SPD 33-6 Marxist origins 32-3 and political freedom 31 Russian social democracy 36-40 to state monopoly campaignism 40-4 personal audience 64 petitions/petitioning, rulers 64 de-bureaucratizing tool 68 government and people 74 Great Reforms 66 kontrol' 70 negative eifects 73 political culture 67 political participation 74 proshenie 68, 75 serfs 66 tsar and peasants 66, 69 tsarist administration 67 Petliura, Symon 175 Petrograd All-Russian Congress of Soviets 54 mob violence in 50 radical transformations 56, 60 seizure of power 54 unavoidable civil war 55 Petrov, E. 223-4, 228 Petrovskii, G.
I. 130 Pipes, Richard 189 Piłsudski, Jozef 163,175, 177 Piłsudski coup and war scare anti-Soviet coalition 182 foreign imperialism 182 Polish militarism 182 Sarajevo 183 Soviet Union and Poland 181 Voikovs murder 182 planned economy 45 pluralism 95,107 Pod Znamenem Marksizma (PZM) 83, 86 Polan, A. J. 18 Politburo 109 economic crisis 117 economic policy 116 economic recovery 113 electoral principle 117 factional dictatorship 117 illegal arrests, specialists 132 Party organizations 113 series of commissions 113,115 systematic struggle 116 troikas 136 Trotsky and 109 Politburo majority 12 political campaign 31 political freedom betrayal 39 Bolsheviks 45 campaignism and 36-40 in Germany and France 33 role of 37 political kontrol 73 political police/policing 131, 289 n.60 censorship and 210-11 Cheka (see Cheka(s) (political police)) political systems 3 politprosvet (political enlightenment) 194, 196 powerless feign deference 74 Pramnek, Eduard 253 315
Index Pravda 77,82, 87-8, 120,178,183, 208-9, 212,232, 235, 240 Priemmia 68 primitive democratism 22 Primo de Rivera, Miguel 7 Prishvin, Mikhail 152 professional prostitutes 242 Program of the Communists (Bukharin) 42 proletarian democracy 11, 70 living link 11 openness and responsiveness 11 Soviet 14 workers’ control 17 proletarian dictatorship 5,19 proletarian public 44 proletarian revolution 160 Proletkult movement 6 prostitutes 233, 237, 239 hardened 234-5, 237, 242 malicious 237 professional 242 repression 242 stigmatization 242-3 theory of 303 n.63 prostitution 231, 239, 300 n.6 campaign to eradicate 240 as economic problem 238 law reform: 303 n.64 male 300 n.l as necessary evil 232 Public Education and Democracy (Krupskaia) 190 public-worker activists 225 Putin, Vladimir 63-4 Rabinowitch, Alexander 61 Rabkrin 73 Radek, Karl 176 radical-democratic utopianism 28 Rae, John 32 Read, Christopher 17-18 Red Guards 6,57 Red Terror of 1918 128-9 redeemable woman 242 renewed war (1921-3) anti-Soviet border-states 175 French and Belgian troops 176 military attack 175 Polish intervention 176 Red Army 175-7 Soviet intelligence 176-7 Soviet-Polish War 174 trade agreements 177 repression of 1937-8 245 revisionists 1 Revolution (1905) 65 revolutionary dictatorship 262 n.l04 316 revolutionary people 27 Revolutionary Salvation Committee (Revkom) 55, 57 revolutionary social democracy 31, 36 Rieber, Alfred J. 64 Rodchenko, Aleksandr 248 Ruhr crisis 179 Russia capitalist elements 179 crisis 7 electrification 6 managed democracy 74 political culture 75 Russian Peoples Commissariat of
Internal Affairs (RNKVD) 278 n.13 Russian Revolution 12,26,96-7,106, 161, 163 Russian social democracy 36-40,103 anti-tsarist revolution, abandonment 39 bourgeoisie 37 Iskra group, critics 37 Kautsky writings 36 konspiratsia 40 liquidationists 39 Mensheviks and Bolsheviks 39 political freedom 36-7 political liberty 37 praktiki 39-40 proletarian workers 38 revolutionary social democracy 36 Social Democratic campaignism 38 socialist realism 40 SPD model 37-8 underground 40 Russian Social Democratic party 41 Russian Social Democratic Worker Party 37 Ryan, James 18 Rykov, Aleksei 121,137 sabotage, liquidation of consequences 252-5 scandals desensitization 251 public 249-50 public denunciation 250 Schapiro, Leonard 189 Schmitt, Carl 29 Scissors Crisis 114-15 Scott, James C. 74 security threats 82 seizure of power 4, 6, 292 n.34 self-administered society 5, 7, 9 self-governing commune-state 83 Semashko, Nikolai 236, 241-2 serious political error 118 Shakhrai, Vasyl 167 Shakhty Affair 137 Shearer, David 148
Index Shelomovich, V. 88 Sherry, Samantha 204 Shkarovskii, M. V. 237 Shliapnikov, Aleksander 7, 179 Shums’kyi, Oleksander 163,167-9 Shvernik, Nikolai 86 Siegelbaum, Lewis H. 215 single-party rule 81-2 Skrypnik, M. N. 166-7 Skrzyński, Aleksander 181 social democracy permanent campaign 36 pre-war 32,42, 45 revolutionary 31, 36 Russian (see Russian social democracy) SPD 34 Social Democratic movement 20, 35-6 social democratic thinking 19-20 social ownership 4 social revolution 32 socialism 20-1, 28,232, 259 n.42 attainment of 141,145 construction 80-1, 85, 90 as efficient hierarchy 22-4 realization 143 socialist regulation 18 socialist revolution 23, 189 Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) 4, 53-4 tactical blunders 56 Sosnovskii, Lev 51, 55 Soviet censorship historical parallels 204-5 post-revolutionary censorship 203 pre-revolutionary censorship 203 quotidian reality 213 speech regulation 204 Soviet-civil society associational public activity 219 component aspect 220 imagined community 220 obshchestvennosť 218-19 professionalization 221 public sphere 220-1 regimes dysfunctions, loyal critique 221 Soviet democracy commune-state 25 parliamentarism 25 proletarian state 25 pyramid of soviets 24 Soviet governments petitions or denunciations 65 Reception 70 tsarist and 74 Soviet nationalities policy implementation 158 korenizatsiia (see korenizatsiia policy) moderation 163 resolution 162 Tsentral’na Rada 159 Soviet political system democratization 86 fondamental traits 80 over bourgeois parliamentarism 85 Soviet Union 2 campaignism and life in 44-5 internal and external threats 184
Soviet-Polish War 174 Sovnarkom Reception 69-71 complaints and statements 72 illiberal liberation 71 as living link 71-2 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) 34, 37-8 Spanish Civil War 153 Spectacle of Two Worlds 44 speech regulation 14 Spilka Vyzvolennia Ukrainy (SVU) 168 Stakhanovite movement 44-5,145 Stalin, I. V. capitalist powers 183 censorship 207 criticisms 120 cult of personality 136 dictatorship and question of agency 103-6 Dizziness from Successes 142 grouping victims 138 moderation (see moderation, Stalinist) opposing mass operations 138 political police, control 137 revolutionary movement 103 Secretariat 111 tactical manoeuvre 122 Stalin, Joseph 91 Stalinism 1, 32,100-3 Bolshevism and 102 Marxism and 102 The State and Revolution (Lenin) 4-7,13, 17,19, 22-3,26,28,49,61,71, 78-80, 89, 143,192, 215 tiny minority of exploiters 80 state apparatus, smashing 20 state capitalism 21 state monopoly campaignism 32 impact of 45 permanent campaign to 40-4 state monopoly capitalism 21 State Planning Committee (Gosplan) 116 State Political Administration (GPU) 206 state power 7, 79 revolutionary 84 struggle with prostitution, campaign 231 Struve, Petr 37 317
Index Takhtarev, K. M. 38 Tarasevich, Piotr Adamovich 253 Thaw 22 і Third Party Congress 26 Timasheff, Nicholas 141 To the Rural Poor (Lenin) 38 totalitarian censorship 207 totalitarian model 1 transitional dictatorship 10 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 161 Treaty of Riga 174-5 Trotsky, Leon 8-Ю, 12, 82, 95,109, 164,175-6, 178-80, 184, 208,212,274 n.19 attack on TsK 120 capitalism and socialism 113 capitalist exploiters 96 centralization of economy 97-8 class dictatorship 98 Commission on State Industry 113 committeemen 105 criticisms 114, 120 December 5 resolution 119-20,122-3 decline of democracy 124 degeneration 119 democratic concerns (1923-9) 98-100 democratically elected Constituent Assembly 97 disagreements with Politburo 116-17 electoral principle 119 endorsement of future war 185 extremism and opportunism 104 flagrant violation of party discipline 123 internal party, critique 118 par excellence 96,103 party bureaucratization 100 party majority, criticism 110 permanent revolution 95 persistent factional attacks 121 and Politburo 109 skloki 113,119 social imperialists 96 socialism and capitalism 101 socialist democracy 103 state industry report 114-15 substitutionism 105 Tsiurupa, Alexander 72 TsK (Central Committee) 77,161 February-March plenum 87, 90 initiatives 88 resolution 87 sanction 135 and TsKK 117-18,120, 122-3 Tucker, R. 1 Tukhachevskii, Mikhail 175,182 Tumanova, A. S. 219 318 Ukraine anti-Ukrainian attitude 162 autonomy and cultural development 163 Bolshevik approach 158 Boroťbysty 161-3 claims for independence 160-1 German occupation of 160 korenizatsiia (see
korenizatsiia policy) self-determination 159 social democrat 160 Ukrainization cultural work 168 demographic character 165 Gosplan 169 hostile forces 168 KPZU programme 168 objectives 169 proletarian 165-6 re-identification 166 reinforcing comprehensive 165 Soviet culture and society 168 spontaneous 168 success of 167 SVU trial 168 Ulitsa, Mokhovaia 70 ultra-democratic model 17 unemployment 6-7,112, 120. see also female unemployment and poverty Uprava 52, 57 Budget-Finance Committee 58 commissariat system 60 compulsory regulations 58 Urals Bolsheviks 56-7 Urals Oblast 56 Uryvaev, M. E. 114 Valentinov, Nikolay 192 Vaľter, E A. 238 van Ree, Erik 10, 91, 190,218 Vandervelde, Emile 36 vanguard party 18 Vareikis, I. M. 121 Velychenko, Stephen 161 violence 246, 250, 255 mass violence (see mass violence) Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) 85 Voikov, Petr 182 Volkov, Vadim 219, 221 Volobuev, Mykhailo 169 Vol’skii, R. 85 Vyshinskii, Andrei 148 Waffen- und Munitionsbeschaffungsamt 18 War Communism 7, 233 war socialism 21
Index What Is to Be Done? (Lenin) 39 Witte, Sergei 21 workers’ control 23-4 workers’ democracy 119, 122 Workers’ Opposition 7, 112-13 Workers’ Opposition and Democratic Centralist 81,178 Workers’ Opposition and Workers’ Truth 114, 116 Wrangel, Petr 175 Yenukidze, Avel 143-4 Yurchak, Alexei 143 Zemliatcha, Rosalinda 251 Zhdanov, Andrei 86-8, 90-2 Zhukov, N. 222, 227-8 Zhurova, Natalia 63 Zhvachkin, Sergei 63 Zinoviev, G. 42, 82, 98, 129, 176 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 319 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author2 | Douds, Lara Harris, James 1964- Whitewood, Peter |
| author2_role | edt edt edt |
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| author_GND | (DE-588)1162077891 (DE-588)13059640X (DE-588)1112335870 |
| author_facet | Douds, Lara Harris, James 1964- Whitewood, Peter |
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| bvnumber | BV046639051 |
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| contents | Dictatorship unlimited : Lenin on the State, March - November 1917 / Erik van Ree -- The permanent campaign and the fate of political freedom in Russia / Lars T. Lih -- Local government, disorder and the origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 / Dakota Irvin -- Lenin's 'living link'? Petitioning the ruler across the revolutionary divide / Lara Douds -- The communist party and the late 1930s Soviet democracy campaigns : origins and outcomes / Yiannis Kokosalakis -- Trotsky and the questions of agency, democracy and dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 / Ian D. Thatcher -- Discipline versus democracy : the 1923 party controversy / James Harris -- Democracy and violence, 1917-37 / J. Arch Getty -- Stalinist moderation and the turn to repression : utopianism and realpolitik in the mid-1930s / Olga Velikanova -- Debating the early Soviet nationalities policy : the case of Soviet Ukraine / Okena Palko -- The international situation : fear of invasion and growing authoritarianism / Peter Whitewood -- Bolshevik revolution and the enlightenment of the people / Sheila Fitzpatrick -- Walking the razor's edge : the origins of Soviet censorship / Polly Corrigan -- Revolutionary participation, youthful civic-mindedness / Andy Willimott -- Liberation and authoritarianism in the early Soviet campaign to 'struggle with prostitution' / Siobhán Hearne -- Soviet canteens in pre-war USSR, 1917-41 : promises of emancipation and everyday violence / François-Xavier Nérard |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1153979752 (DE-599)BVBBV046639051 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1917-1941 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1917-1941 |
| format | Book |
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Lih -- Local government, disorder and the origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 / Dakota Irvin -- Lenin's 'living link'? Petitioning the ruler across the revolutionary divide / Lara Douds -- The communist party and the late 1930s Soviet democracy campaigns : origins and outcomes / Yiannis Kokosalakis -- Trotsky and the questions of agency, democracy and dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 / Ian D. Thatcher -- Discipline versus democracy : the 1923 party controversy / James Harris -- Democracy and violence, 1917-37 / J. Arch Getty -- Stalinist moderation and the turn to repression : utopianism and realpolitik in the mid-1930s / Olga Velikanova -- Debating the early Soviet nationalities policy : the case of Soviet Ukraine / Okena Palko -- The international situation : fear of invasion and growing authoritarianism / Peter Whitewood -- Bolshevik revolution and the enlightenment of the people / Sheila Fitzpatrick -- Walking the razor's edge : the origins of Soviet censorship / Polly Corrigan -- Revolutionary participation, youthful civic-mindedness / Andy Willimott -- Liberation and authoritarianism in the early Soviet campaign to 'struggle with prostitution' / Siobhán Hearne -- Soviet canteens in pre-war USSR, 1917-41 : promises of emancipation and everyday violence / François-Xavier Nérard</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"How did a regime that promised utopian-style freedom end up delivering terror and tyranny? 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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:13:43Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-31T19:03:37Z |
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| spelling | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 edited by Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney Bloomsbury Academic 2020 x, 319 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Library of modern Russia Dictatorship unlimited : Lenin on the State, March - November 1917 / Erik van Ree -- The permanent campaign and the fate of political freedom in Russia / Lars T. Lih -- Local government, disorder and the origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 / Dakota Irvin -- Lenin's 'living link'? Petitioning the ruler across the revolutionary divide / Lara Douds -- The communist party and the late 1930s Soviet democracy campaigns : origins and outcomes / Yiannis Kokosalakis -- Trotsky and the questions of agency, democracy and dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 / Ian D. Thatcher -- Discipline versus democracy : the 1923 party controversy / James Harris -- Democracy and violence, 1917-37 / J. Arch Getty -- Stalinist moderation and the turn to repression : utopianism and realpolitik in the mid-1930s / Olga Velikanova -- Debating the early Soviet nationalities policy : the case of Soviet Ukraine / Okena Palko -- The international situation : fear of invasion and growing authoritarianism / Peter Whitewood -- Bolshevik revolution and the enlightenment of the people / Sheila Fitzpatrick -- Walking the razor's edge : the origins of Soviet censorship / Polly Corrigan -- Revolutionary participation, youthful civic-mindedness / Andy Willimott -- Liberation and authoritarianism in the early Soviet campaign to 'struggle with prostitution' / Siobhán Hearne -- Soviet canteens in pre-war USSR, 1917-41 : promises of emancipation and everyday violence / François-Xavier Nérard "How did a regime that promised utopian-style freedom end up delivering terror and tyranny? For some, the Bolsheviks were totalitarian and the descent was inevitable; for others, Stalin was responsible; for others still, this period in Russian history was a microcosm of the Cold War. The Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution reasons that these arguments are too simplistic. Rather, the journey from Bolshevik liberation to totalitarianism was riddled with unsuccessful experiments, compromises, confusion, panic, self-interest and over-optimism. As this book reveals, the emergence (and persistence) of the Bolshevik dictatorship was, in fact, the complicated product of a failed democratic transition. Drawing on long-ignored archival sources and original research, this fascinating volume brings together an international team of leading scholars to reconsider one of the most important and controversial questions of 20th-century history: how to explain the rise of the repressive Stalinist dictatorship." -- Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1917-1941 gnd rswk-swf Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Soviet Union / History / Revolution, 1917-1921 Soviet Union 1917-1921 History (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 b Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 s Geschichte 1917-1941 z DE-604 Douds, Lara (DE-588)1162077891 edt Harris, James 1964- (DE-588)13059640X edt Whitewood, Peter (DE-588)1112335870 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePDF 978-1-3501-1791-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk 978-1-3501-1792-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032050449&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032050449&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 Dictatorship unlimited : Lenin on the State, March - November 1917 / Erik van Ree -- The permanent campaign and the fate of political freedom in Russia / Lars T. Lih -- Local government, disorder and the origins of the Soviet State, 1917-18 / Dakota Irvin -- Lenin's 'living link'? Petitioning the ruler across the revolutionary divide / Lara Douds -- The communist party and the late 1930s Soviet democracy campaigns : origins and outcomes / Yiannis Kokosalakis -- Trotsky and the questions of agency, democracy and dictatorship in the USSR, 1917-40 / Ian D. Thatcher -- Discipline versus democracy : the 1923 party controversy / James Harris -- Democracy and violence, 1917-37 / J. Arch Getty -- Stalinist moderation and the turn to repression : utopianism and realpolitik in the mid-1930s / Olga Velikanova -- Debating the early Soviet nationalities policy : the case of Soviet Ukraine / Okena Palko -- The international situation : fear of invasion and growing authoritarianism / Peter Whitewood -- Bolshevik revolution and the enlightenment of the people / Sheila Fitzpatrick -- Walking the razor's edge : the origins of Soviet censorship / Polly Corrigan -- Revolutionary participation, youthful civic-mindedness / Andy Willimott -- Liberation and authoritarianism in the early Soviet campaign to 'struggle with prostitution' / Siobhán Hearne -- Soviet canteens in pre-war USSR, 1917-41 : promises of emancipation and everyday violence / François-Xavier Nérard Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 gnd Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2052151-0 (DE-588)4149920-7 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 |
| title_auth | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 |
| title_exact_search | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 |
| title_full | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 edited by Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood |
| title_fullStr | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 edited by Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood |
| title_full_unstemmed | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution illiberal liberation, 1917-41 edited by Lara Douds, James Harris and Peter Whitewood |
| title_short | The fate of the Bolshevik Revolution |
| title_sort | the fate of the bolshevik revolution illiberal liberation 1917 41 |
| title_sub | illiberal liberation, 1917-41 |
| topic | Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 gnd Diktatur (DE-588)4149920-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) Diktatur Sowjetunion Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032050449&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032050449&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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