Uherské Hradiště-Sady: 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě 1. Katalog pohřebiště
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Moravské zemské muzeum
2018
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| Ausgabe: | Vydání 1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zusatztitel auf dem Umschlag: hroby z 9. století až začátku 13. století Literaturverzeichnis Seite 395 |
| Beschreibung: | 395 Seiten, 4 ungezählte gefaltete Seiten Bildtafeln Porträts, Pläne 31 cm Beilage: 2 Pläne (4 ungezählte Seiten; 59 x 54 cm, gefaltet 18 x 28 cm) |
| ISBN: | 9788070285169 8070285168 |
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UHERSKÉ HRADIŠTÉ-SADY BŰD LET KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE STŘEDNÍ EVRDPË I. KATALŪG POHŘEBIŠTĚ ÚVDD 7 □ LOKALITĚ Z 35411^ STRUKTURA KATALODU OBRAZOVÉ PŘÍLOHY PODĚKOVÁNÍ KATALOG HROBŮ Z 9. STOLETÍ AŽ 1. POLOVINY 10. STOLETÍ KATALOG HROBŮ Z Z. POLOVINY 10. AŽ ZAČÁTKU 13. STOLETÍ 19 1Ü0 RESUME 383 LITERATURA 335
INTRODUCTION Uherské Hradiště, centre of Moravian Slovakia, is situated in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, in Moravia, on both banks of the Morava River some 70 km to the east of Brno. Uherské HradištěSady as an important archaeological site from Early Middle Ages is a notion that doesn't need to be presented in greater detail both to the professional and initiated non-professional public. How ever, it has to be emphasized that there are at least three important sites from one single period on the cadastre of Sady. Firstly, the settlement from the 6th - 10th century located at „Dolní Kotvice“ and the burial ground from the 8th - early 10th century next to it, at „Horní Kotvice“, both in the eastern part of the cadastre of Sady, and a sacral area with an extensive necropolis from the late 8th - first half of the 13th century located at „Špitálky“ or „Na Špitálkách“, that is to be found on the western promontory of Sady. All these sites have already been covered in professional literature more or less, they have been published in several studies, chapters in books and conference papers as well as thematic oriented monographs (summarizing Galuska 1996, 1998, recently Galuska Mitáček - Nývltová Fišáková 2018). But even after summing up all the up-to-date outputs and sub sequent conclusions it cannot be stated that we know everything and our knowledge of the above mentioned sites is complete. In this book we deal with the archaeological site with sacral area and extensive burial ground from the late 8th - first half of the 13th century situated on the place the
official name of which is Uher ské Hradiště-Sady „St. Methodius ' Heights“. Until recently the local topography used the name „Na Špitálkách“. It reflected the long-time fact that the place had long belonged to the hospital of Hradiště. There were however some other names too, e.g. „Sadská ostrožna“ (Promontory of Sady) or „Metropolitní výšina“ (Metropolitan Heights). In professional literature one can also encounter UHERSKÉ HRADIŠTĚ-SADY 5ŪD LET KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE STREDNÍ EVRDPĚ I
a simplified, slightly confusing name limited to simple „Sady u Uherského Hradiště“. The site itself with an important sacral area and extensive necropolis is situated on the south-eastern periphery of the today city of Uherské Hradiště, near the road southward to Kunovice. It lies above the edge of the western slope of one of the westernmost promontories of the Luhačovice Highlands at the alti tude 204-207 m, wedged into the water meadow of the Morava River surpassing it by ca. 30-40 m. Unlike today, in the Early and High Middle Ages the above mentioned promontory was bound by the Olšava River from three sides; in 1078 the latter was described as wild. It came from the east, the White Carpathians, and under the promontory is turned sharply to the right, northward. In the intravilan of Uherské Hradiště, near the today Smetana Park, it finally emptied to the side arm of the Morava River called Moravka. From the promontory, i.e. the St. Methodius ' Heights, there has been a very good view to the near and wide surroundings. Westward, after the water meadow of the Morava River, there are the Chřiby Mountains separating the Middle-Moravian region from Brno and Kroměříž regions. Southward spreads the fertile water meadow of the Morava River, the heights and gentle western and eastern slopes of which had been occupied by the Slavs as soon as in the 6th century. North-westward, partly in the water meadow, partly on two promontories, the strongly populated settlement agglomeration of Staré Město-Uherské Hradiště called Veligrad spread on both banks of the Morava River in the 9th
century. More northward there were settle ments alongside the Morava River as far as to the Napajedla pass. It is obvious that the sacral centre of Sady evolved in a dominant place with a perfect view to wide surroundings, was well visible from afar and could not be overlooked. Next to the advantageous location, another stimulus for the use of the St. Methodius ' Heights at Sady could be in the Early Middle Ages the fact that it was the cross ing of important communications, especially of two routes or branches of the transcontinental Am ber Road. The first one, the main route, ran in the south-north direction alongside the Morava River from its confluence with the Danube to the Bohemian Silesia and further through the Moravian Gate to the Baltic coast. The other, lateral route ran from the Danube upstream the Váh River to the north approximately to the today Nové Město nad Váhom where it turned sharply westward to the left. From the Slovak Váh region it continued through the passes of the White Carpathians and reached, alongside the Olšava River, the St. Methodius ' Heights at Sady. From here both routes of the Amber Road ran together to the near agglomeration of Staré Město-Uherské Hradiště called Veligrad; the sacral centre at Sady was in that time its constituent part. Uherské Hradiště-Sady „St. Methodius ' Heights“ was brought to public notice as an important ar chaeological site with eariy and high medieval monuments in the 1960s, i. e. in the „golden age“ of archaeological research of Great Moravia. Before that, in 1958, the deep ploughing affected the up per
level of inhumation graves at Sady „Na Špitálkách“ the part of which occurred suddenly on the surface, in the tillage. Together with them mortar and construction material fragments appeared which bear witness to the existence of medieval architecture relicts. This was the main reason why archaeological excavations were started on the Sady Heights as soon as in the following year 1959. The head of the excavations was the archaeologist of the Moravian Museum PhDr. Vilém Hrubý, CSe. already known in that time for his discoveries in Staré Město and Modrá u Velehradu; he was assisted by his colleague PhDr. Věra Hochmanová-Vávrová. Fieldworks took place on the Sady Heights in 1959-1965. At their end the whole site with remains of unique sacral architecture of the by then unknown, complicated ground plan, nearly a thousand skeleton graves, relicts of houses and pathways of an enclosed settlement area, vestiges of a vast wooden palace-like building and mortar floor of the rotunda was completely unearthed. Settlement pits-workshops were also discov ered, often accompanied with evidence of specialized production related to construction activities. Associated finds, especially those from graves, suggested that the above mentioned features did not originate from one single period but belonged to a broader historical span of time. The latter in cluded first of all the 9th century, i. e. the period of Great Moravia, further the following Post-Great Moravian period and especially the span of time between the 11th and the first half of the 13 th cen tury, i. e. the Late-Hillfort-period
or the Princely era. The first evaluations and interpretations of the whole of archaeological findings originating from the discoverer, i. e. Vilém Hrubý, as well as from other professionals were published soon thereafter (Hrubý 1965, 101-103, 202-206, 1965a, 37-62, 1970, 95-102,1971, 87-96, Galuska 1996, 23֊ 29, with the list of older literature). Most of them, however, dealt with chronologically older findings and graves from the Great Moravian period,
whereas the younger ones were mentioned only in the context of the question when the settlement had perished and the use of the Sady Heights finished. In the course of time a series of high quality material studies appeared including a monograph dealing with the role of Uherské Hradiště-Sady in the Great Moravian period, whereas the following ca. 350 years of the existence of the Sady site remained with some exceptions not researched. Probably the most important exception was the extensive study by the numismatist Jiří Sejbal on coin finds from the 11th - 12th centuries with introductory word of Vilém Hrubý (Sejbal 1986, 98-183), complemented recently with new evalu ations of some of the interesting coins ( Videman - Paukert 2009). This was, however, all for a long time. Uherské Hradiště-Sady got thus known as an important sacral centre of Great Moravia, often connected with the Christian centre of Methodius ' archbishopric, but as the most extensive church necropolis in Moravia in the 11th - first half of the 13th century it slowly disappeared from the awareness of both professional and non-professional public. And this was in spite of the fact that the role of the sacral centre at Sady in the time after the decline of Great Moravia was from time to time noted in specialist literature, however mostly with the postscript that „finds from the Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-Period stay as a whole still unevaluateď (e. g. Kouřil - Měřínský 1996, 111-119, Měřínský 1997, 87, Procházka 2005, 206-213). In 2015 the researchers of the Moravian, Museum decided to deal with
this long-time problem more in depth and resolve it step by step. At the beginning the knowledge was summed up, goals were set, and new planed research methods presented (Galuska - Miláček - Nývltová Fišáková 2018, 99-114). The first goal was processing and evaluation of the finds from the 10th - 13th cen turies, mainly graves and items and skeleton remains originating from them, because those from the Great Moravian period has already been the subject of the monograph Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Křesťanské centrum říše Velkomoravské (Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Christian centre of the Great Moravian Empire, Galuska 1996). However it turned up, especially with regard to the application of new research methods, that it would be more appropriate to present and evaluate the finds from both chronological horizons complex, not separately, but also with regard to the fact that more than 20 years had already passed since the processing of „Great Moravian Sady“. As the first step we chose thus the form of a catalogue of all grave finds (I.); it will be followed by an anthology of scientific studies and essays (IL); the last part will bring an independent evaluation of the relics of sacral architecture and profane buildings accompanied by the explanation of settlement situation at the St. Methodius' Heights - Sady in the 9th - 13th centuries (IIL). This trilogy bears the title Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě (Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 years Christianity in Central Europe). The Catalogue as the volume I of the Sady trilogy is based on records and pictorial
documents made by V. Hrubý and V. Hochmanová-Vávrová during the field research and in time immediately there after. They probably ordered together each and every discovered grave either to the older, i. e. Great Moravian horizon of the burial ground (9th ֊ mid-10th century), or to the later, i. e. Post-Great Moravian and subsequent Late-Hillfort-horizon (second half of the 10th - mid-13th century). In graves where objects characteristic of the concerned horizon were found, the classification is not only very probable, but nearly sure. Where finds were missing, both scientists probably took into consideration indirect chronological evidences, e. g. the appearance and depth of grave pits, com plemented with empirical knowledge obtained during the fieldwork that could hardly be included to field notebook. In exceptional cases they were not sure about the classification; this is obvious from the displacement of a few graves from one horizon to the other. Finally, two complexes came into being - Great Moravian graves and subsequent Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-period ones; the latter is much more numerous. Afterwards two separate plans of graves from which both horizons of the Sady necropolis were designed. As a result, the problem of indication of the graves occurred. As a matter of fact, during the excavations they had been classified in a way that each year started with serial number 1. In original materials one encounters thus the designation 1/59, 1/60, 1/61, 1/62, 1/63, or 2/59, 2/60, 2/61, etc. regardless of the classification into the above mentioned horizons.
Therefore V. Hrubý and V. Hochmanová-Vávrová created two new series for numbering the graves, i. e. for each complex/horizon separately. This however meant, that number 1 appeared both in the complex of Great Moravian graves and in the vast group of Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-period graves. In our catalogue we thus decided to designate the graves of the first UHERSKÉ HRAÛISTÉ-SAOY 500 LET KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ
complex with letters VM, in full wording e.g. VM 1 - 10/59, and the graves of the second complex with MH, e. g. MH 1 - 1/59. VM 1 means the first grave in the series of graves from the Great Moravian period that ends with VM 78, whereas MH 1 starts the series of graves from the mid- 10th - mid-13th century and ends with MH 871. One can conclude from it that altogether 958 graves were unearthed in the church necropolis at Sady. The designation of each of them includes a group of numerals with a slash, e.g. 10/59, which means that it is the 10th grave discovered in 1959, where as e.g. 234/62 stands for a grave unearthed in 1962 as the 234th. The verbal description of each grave, as far as its preservation allows it, consists in the catalogue of brief information on the sex and age of the dead, the grave pit and its situation on the burial ground, the character of skeletal remains as well as on finds related to this burial. In the case of Great Moravian graves remarks relating to the possible dating of the burial and the social position of the buried person follow. In the case of Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-period graves, the remarks concern especially some circumstances of the find important for its dating and interpreta tion. Besides the basic descriptions of the graves and finds by V. Hrubý and V. Hochamnová-Váv rová, adapted and complemented by doc. PhDr. Luděk Galuska, CSe., the Catalogue brings the results of anthropological analyses by RNDr. Roman Bortel, Ph.D. and conclusions by ing. Rostislav Rajchl concerning the orientation of skeletal remains and grave
pits. Drawings of graves from the 9th - first half of the 10th century had been made earlier by Věra Ganóczyová, drawer of the then Prehistorical department / Moravian Museum, who also made the original plans of both horizons of the church necropolis at Sady. The author of their final complemented form is Oldřich Žaluda. Drawings of the adornments found in graves from the second half of the 10th - mid-13th centu ry were made by Silvie Doleželová from the Archaeological Institute / Moravian Museum. Coin drawings originate from Lubomíra Dvořáková, the author of their photographs is Mgr. Dagmar Grossmannová, Ph.D., head of the Department of Numismatics / Moravian Museum. Old blackand-white photographs especially documenting the field situation of the graves in the time of their excavation originate from the Archive of the Centre for Slavonic Archaeology / Moravian Museum. They possess a great information value because drawn plan documentation of the graves in scale 1:10 was not made during the excavations, probably due to the lack of time. In one single day more than 10 graves used to be unearthed. These archival pictures were processed in order to be pub lished by O. Žaluda; he is also the author of new black-and-white photographs of all the presented items. Be. Jakub Langer, scientific staff member of the Centre for Slavonic Archaeology, accom plished a lot of work on the Catalogue; he made the revision of the whole find complex from Sady, found the missing original inventory numbers and added the new ones. Our final thanks belong to the company Trifid KP ltd. situated in
Staré Město without the crucial help of which the Cata logue as part I of the trilogy Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě (Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 years Christianity in Central Europe) would not appear or get inner shape.
LITERATURA Bortel, R. 2001: Antropologický rozbor pohřebiště Uherské Hradiště-Sady (10. - 13. století n. 1.). Demografická analýza mladohradištní populace a antropologické zpracování lebek. Ne publikovaná diplomová práce uložená na Katedře antropologie Přírodovědecké fakulty Masarykovy univerzity. Brno. Galuska, L. 1996: Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Křesťanské centrum Říše velkomoravské. Brno. Galuska, L. 1998: Christianity and Great Moravia and its Centre in Uherské Hradiště-Sady, Byzantinoslavica 59, s. 161-180. Galuska, L. - Mitáček, }. - Nývltová Fišáková, M. 2018: Uherské Hradiště-Sady: from a Great Moravian Sacral Centre to the Largest Church Necropolis of the Ducal Period in Moravia. In: Pavel Kouřil, Rudolf Procházka et ah: Moravian and Silesian Strongholds of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries in the Context of Central Europe. Brno, s. 99-114. Hrubý, V. 1965: Staré Město. Velkomoravský Velehrad, Praha. Hrubý, V 1965a: Keramika antických tvarů v době velkomoravské, Časopis Moravského musea - vědy společenské, L, s. 37-62. Hrubý, V 1970: Střešní krytina velkomoravského kostela v Uher ském Hradišti-Sadech. In: Sborník J. Poulíkovi к šedesátinám. Brno, s. 95-102. Hrubý, V 1971: Hrob svátého Metoděje v Uherském Hradišti-Sa dech? Slovenská archeológia XVIII, s. 87-96. Kouřil, R - Měřínský, Z. 1996: Sakrální architektura a hmotné památky odrážející projevy duchovní kultury z moravských a slezských archeologických výzkumů, Archaeologia historica 21/96, s. 111-119. Marešová, K. 1983: Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Slovanské pohřebiště na Horních Kotvicích. Brno, Uherské Hradiště.
Marešová, K. 1985: Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Staroslovanské sídliště na Dolních Kotvicích. Brno. Měřínský, Z. 1997: К problematice nekropoli druhé poloviny 10. až počátku 13. století na Moravě - Zur Problematik der Gräber felder der zweiten Hälfte des 10. bis zum Anfang des 13. Jahr hunderts in Mähren. In: R. Nekuda, J. Unger (Hrsg.): Z pravěku do středověku. Sborník к 70. narozeninám Vladimíra Někudy. Brno, s. 87-97. Procházka, R. 2005: Der südmährische Kirchenbau im 11. - 13. Ja hrhundert ֊ Ein Überblick. In: Die Kirche im mittelalterlichen Siedlungsraum. Archäologische Aspekte zu Standort, Architek tur und Kirchenorganisation. Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäolo gie in Österreich 21/2005, s. 205-242. Sejbal, J. 1986: Nálezy denárů z pohřebiště na sadské výšině vel komoravského Starého Města. In: Denárová měna na Moravě. Brno, s. 98-183. Ungerman, Š. 2010: Počátky mladohradištních pohřebišť na Mo ravě. In: Š. Ungerman, R. Přichystalová (Sest.): Zaměřeno na středověk. Zdeňkovi Měřínskému к 60. narozeninám. Brno, s. 220-239. Videman, ]. - Paukert, f. 2009: Moravské denáry 11. - 12. století. Kroměříž. |
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UHERSKÉ HRADIŠTÉ-SADY BŰD LET KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE STŘEDNÍ EVRDPË I. KATALŪG POHŘEBIŠTĚ ÚVDD 7 □ LOKALITĚ Z 35411^ STRUKTURA KATALODU OBRAZOVÉ PŘÍLOHY PODĚKOVÁNÍ KATALOG HROBŮ Z 9. STOLETÍ AŽ 1. POLOVINY 10. STOLETÍ KATALOG HROBŮ Z Z. POLOVINY 10. AŽ ZAČÁTKU 13. STOLETÍ 19 1Ü0 RESUME 383 LITERATURA 335
INTRODUCTION Uherské Hradiště, centre of Moravian Slovakia, is situated in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, in Moravia, on both banks of the Morava River some 70 km to the east of Brno. Uherské HradištěSady as an important archaeological site from Early Middle Ages is a notion that doesn't need to be presented in greater detail both to the professional and initiated non-professional public. How ever, it has to be emphasized that there are at least three important sites from one single period on the cadastre of Sady. Firstly, the settlement from the 6th - 10th century located at „Dolní Kotvice“ and the burial ground from the 8th - early 10th century next to it, at „Horní Kotvice“, both in the eastern part of the cadastre of Sady, and a sacral area with an extensive necropolis from the late 8th - first half of the 13th century located at „Špitálky“ or „Na Špitálkách“, that is to be found on the western promontory of Sady. All these sites have already been covered in professional literature more or less, they have been published in several studies, chapters in books and conference papers as well as thematic oriented monographs (summarizing Galuska 1996, 1998, recently Galuska Mitáček - Nývltová Fišáková 2018). But even after summing up all the up-to-date outputs and sub sequent conclusions it cannot be stated that we know everything and our knowledge of the above mentioned sites is complete. In this book we deal with the archaeological site with sacral area and extensive burial ground from the late 8th - first half of the 13th century situated on the place the
official name of which is Uher ské Hradiště-Sady „St. Methodius ' Heights“. Until recently the local topography used the name „Na Špitálkách“. It reflected the long-time fact that the place had long belonged to the hospital of Hradiště. There were however some other names too, e.g. „Sadská ostrožna“ (Promontory of Sady) or „Metropolitní výšina“ (Metropolitan Heights). In professional literature one can also encounter UHERSKÉ HRADIŠTĚ-SADY 5ŪD LET KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE STREDNÍ EVRDPĚ I
a simplified, slightly confusing name limited to simple „Sady u Uherského Hradiště“. The site itself with an important sacral area and extensive necropolis is situated on the south-eastern periphery of the today city of Uherské Hradiště, near the road southward to Kunovice. It lies above the edge of the western slope of one of the westernmost promontories of the Luhačovice Highlands at the alti tude 204-207 m, wedged into the water meadow of the Morava River surpassing it by ca. 30-40 m. Unlike today, in the Early and High Middle Ages the above mentioned promontory was bound by the Olšava River from three sides; in 1078 the latter was described as wild. It came from the east, the White Carpathians, and under the promontory is turned sharply to the right, northward. In the intravilan of Uherské Hradiště, near the today Smetana Park, it finally emptied to the side arm of the Morava River called Moravka. From the promontory, i.e. the St. Methodius ' Heights, there has been a very good view to the near and wide surroundings. Westward, after the water meadow of the Morava River, there are the Chřiby Mountains separating the Middle-Moravian region from Brno and Kroměříž regions. Southward spreads the fertile water meadow of the Morava River, the heights and gentle western and eastern slopes of which had been occupied by the Slavs as soon as in the 6th century. North-westward, partly in the water meadow, partly on two promontories, the strongly populated settlement agglomeration of Staré Město-Uherské Hradiště called Veligrad spread on both banks of the Morava River in the 9th
century. More northward there were settle ments alongside the Morava River as far as to the Napajedla pass. It is obvious that the sacral centre of Sady evolved in a dominant place with a perfect view to wide surroundings, was well visible from afar and could not be overlooked. Next to the advantageous location, another stimulus for the use of the St. Methodius ' Heights at Sady could be in the Early Middle Ages the fact that it was the cross ing of important communications, especially of two routes or branches of the transcontinental Am ber Road. The first one, the main route, ran in the south-north direction alongside the Morava River from its confluence with the Danube to the Bohemian Silesia and further through the Moravian Gate to the Baltic coast. The other, lateral route ran from the Danube upstream the Váh River to the north approximately to the today Nové Město nad Váhom where it turned sharply westward to the left. From the Slovak Váh region it continued through the passes of the White Carpathians and reached, alongside the Olšava River, the St. Methodius ' Heights at Sady. From here both routes of the Amber Road ran together to the near agglomeration of Staré Město-Uherské Hradiště called Veligrad; the sacral centre at Sady was in that time its constituent part. Uherské Hradiště-Sady „St. Methodius ' Heights“ was brought to public notice as an important ar chaeological site with eariy and high medieval monuments in the 1960s, i. e. in the „golden age“ of archaeological research of Great Moravia. Before that, in 1958, the deep ploughing affected the up per
level of inhumation graves at Sady „Na Špitálkách“ the part of which occurred suddenly on the surface, in the tillage. Together with them mortar and construction material fragments appeared which bear witness to the existence of medieval architecture relicts. This was the main reason why archaeological excavations were started on the Sady Heights as soon as in the following year 1959. The head of the excavations was the archaeologist of the Moravian Museum PhDr. Vilém Hrubý, CSe. already known in that time for his discoveries in Staré Město and Modrá u Velehradu; he was assisted by his colleague PhDr. Věra Hochmanová-Vávrová. Fieldworks took place on the Sady Heights in 1959-1965. At their end the whole site with remains of unique sacral architecture of the by then unknown, complicated ground plan, nearly a thousand skeleton graves, relicts of houses and pathways of an enclosed settlement area, vestiges of a vast wooden palace-like building and mortar floor of the rotunda was completely unearthed. Settlement pits-workshops were also discov ered, often accompanied with evidence of specialized production related to construction activities. Associated finds, especially those from graves, suggested that the above mentioned features did not originate from one single period but belonged to a broader historical span of time. The latter in cluded first of all the 9th century, i. e. the period of Great Moravia, further the following Post-Great Moravian period and especially the span of time between the 11th and the first half of the 13 th cen tury, i. e. the Late-Hillfort-period
or the Princely era. The first evaluations and interpretations of the whole of archaeological findings originating from the discoverer, i. e. Vilém Hrubý, as well as from other professionals were published soon thereafter (Hrubý 1965, 101-103, 202-206, 1965a, 37-62, 1970, 95-102,1971, 87-96, Galuska 1996, 23֊ 29, with the list of older literature). Most of them, however, dealt with chronologically older findings and graves from the Great Moravian period,
whereas the younger ones were mentioned only in the context of the question when the settlement had perished and the use of the Sady Heights finished. In the course of time a series of high quality material studies appeared including a monograph dealing with the role of Uherské Hradiště-Sady in the Great Moravian period, whereas the following ca. 350 years of the existence of the Sady site remained with some exceptions not researched. Probably the most important exception was the extensive study by the numismatist Jiří Sejbal on coin finds from the 11th - 12th centuries with introductory word of Vilém Hrubý (Sejbal 1986, 98-183), complemented recently with new evalu ations of some of the interesting coins ( Videman - Paukert 2009). This was, however, all for a long time. Uherské Hradiště-Sady got thus known as an important sacral centre of Great Moravia, often connected with the Christian centre of Methodius ' archbishopric, but as the most extensive church necropolis in Moravia in the 11th - first half of the 13th century it slowly disappeared from the awareness of both professional and non-professional public. And this was in spite of the fact that the role of the sacral centre at Sady in the time after the decline of Great Moravia was from time to time noted in specialist literature, however mostly with the postscript that „finds from the Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-Period stay as a whole still unevaluateď (e. g. Kouřil - Měřínský 1996, 111-119, Měřínský 1997, 87, Procházka 2005, 206-213). In 2015 the researchers of the Moravian, Museum decided to deal with
this long-time problem more in depth and resolve it step by step. At the beginning the knowledge was summed up, goals were set, and new planed research methods presented (Galuska - Miláček - Nývltová Fišáková 2018, 99-114). The first goal was processing and evaluation of the finds from the 10th - 13th cen turies, mainly graves and items and skeleton remains originating from them, because those from the Great Moravian period has already been the subject of the monograph Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Křesťanské centrum říše Velkomoravské (Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Christian centre of the Great Moravian Empire, Galuska 1996). However it turned up, especially with regard to the application of new research methods, that it would be more appropriate to present and evaluate the finds from both chronological horizons complex, not separately, but also with regard to the fact that more than 20 years had already passed since the processing of „Great Moravian Sady“. As the first step we chose thus the form of a catalogue of all grave finds (I.); it will be followed by an anthology of scientific studies and essays (IL); the last part will bring an independent evaluation of the relics of sacral architecture and profane buildings accompanied by the explanation of settlement situation at the St. Methodius' Heights - Sady in the 9th - 13th centuries (IIL). This trilogy bears the title Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě (Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 years Christianity in Central Europe). The Catalogue as the volume I of the Sady trilogy is based on records and pictorial
documents made by V. Hrubý and V. Hochmanová-Vávrová during the field research and in time immediately there after. They probably ordered together each and every discovered grave either to the older, i. e. Great Moravian horizon of the burial ground (9th ֊ mid-10th century), or to the later, i. e. Post-Great Moravian and subsequent Late-Hillfort-horizon (second half of the 10th - mid-13th century). In graves where objects characteristic of the concerned horizon were found, the classification is not only very probable, but nearly sure. Where finds were missing, both scientists probably took into consideration indirect chronological evidences, e. g. the appearance and depth of grave pits, com plemented with empirical knowledge obtained during the fieldwork that could hardly be included to field notebook. In exceptional cases they were not sure about the classification; this is obvious from the displacement of a few graves from one horizon to the other. Finally, two complexes came into being - Great Moravian graves and subsequent Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-period ones; the latter is much more numerous. Afterwards two separate plans of graves from which both horizons of the Sady necropolis were designed. As a result, the problem of indication of the graves occurred. As a matter of fact, during the excavations they had been classified in a way that each year started with serial number 1. In original materials one encounters thus the designation 1/59, 1/60, 1/61, 1/62, 1/63, or 2/59, 2/60, 2/61, etc. regardless of the classification into the above mentioned horizons.
Therefore V. Hrubý and V. Hochmanová-Vávrová created two new series for numbering the graves, i. e. for each complex/horizon separately. This however meant, that number 1 appeared both in the complex of Great Moravian graves and in the vast group of Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-period graves. In our catalogue we thus decided to designate the graves of the first UHERSKÉ HRAÛISTÉ-SAOY 500 LET KŘESŤANSTVÍ VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ
complex with letters VM, in full wording e.g. VM 1 - 10/59, and the graves of the second complex with MH, e. g. MH 1 - 1/59. VM 1 means the first grave in the series of graves from the Great Moravian period that ends with VM 78, whereas MH 1 starts the series of graves from the mid- 10th - mid-13th century and ends with MH 871. One can conclude from it that altogether 958 graves were unearthed in the church necropolis at Sady. The designation of each of them includes a group of numerals with a slash, e.g. 10/59, which means that it is the 10th grave discovered in 1959, where as e.g. 234/62 stands for a grave unearthed in 1962 as the 234th. The verbal description of each grave, as far as its preservation allows it, consists in the catalogue of brief information on the sex and age of the dead, the grave pit and its situation on the burial ground, the character of skeletal remains as well as on finds related to this burial. In the case of Great Moravian graves remarks relating to the possible dating of the burial and the social position of the buried person follow. In the case of Post-Great Moravian and Late-Hillfort-period graves, the remarks concern especially some circumstances of the find important for its dating and interpreta tion. Besides the basic descriptions of the graves and finds by V. Hrubý and V. Hochamnová-Váv rová, adapted and complemented by doc. PhDr. Luděk Galuska, CSe., the Catalogue brings the results of anthropological analyses by RNDr. Roman Bortel, Ph.D. and conclusions by ing. Rostislav Rajchl concerning the orientation of skeletal remains and grave
pits. Drawings of graves from the 9th - first half of the 10th century had been made earlier by Věra Ganóczyová, drawer of the then Prehistorical department / Moravian Museum, who also made the original plans of both horizons of the church necropolis at Sady. The author of their final complemented form is Oldřich Žaluda. Drawings of the adornments found in graves from the second half of the 10th - mid-13th centu ry were made by Silvie Doleželová from the Archaeological Institute / Moravian Museum. Coin drawings originate from Lubomíra Dvořáková, the author of their photographs is Mgr. Dagmar Grossmannová, Ph.D., head of the Department of Numismatics / Moravian Museum. Old blackand-white photographs especially documenting the field situation of the graves in the time of their excavation originate from the Archive of the Centre for Slavonic Archaeology / Moravian Museum. They possess a great information value because drawn plan documentation of the graves in scale 1:10 was not made during the excavations, probably due to the lack of time. In one single day more than 10 graves used to be unearthed. These archival pictures were processed in order to be pub lished by O. Žaluda; he is also the author of new black-and-white photographs of all the presented items. Be. Jakub Langer, scientific staff member of the Centre for Slavonic Archaeology, accom plished a lot of work on the Catalogue; he made the revision of the whole find complex from Sady, found the missing original inventory numbers and added the new ones. Our final thanks belong to the company Trifid KP ltd. situated in
Staré Město without the crucial help of which the Cata logue as part I of the trilogy Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě (Uherské Hradiště-Sady. 500 years Christianity in Central Europe) would not appear or get inner shape.
LITERATURA Bortel, R. 2001: Antropologický rozbor pohřebiště Uherské Hradiště-Sady (10. - 13. století n. 1.). Demografická analýza mladohradištní populace a antropologické zpracování lebek. Ne publikovaná diplomová práce uložená na Katedře antropologie Přírodovědecké fakulty Masarykovy univerzity. Brno. Galuska, L. 1996: Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Křesťanské centrum Říše velkomoravské. Brno. Galuska, L. 1998: Christianity and Great Moravia and its Centre in Uherské Hradiště-Sady, Byzantinoslavica 59, s. 161-180. Galuska, L. - Mitáček, }. - Nývltová Fišáková, M. 2018: Uherské Hradiště-Sady: from a Great Moravian Sacral Centre to the Largest Church Necropolis of the Ducal Period in Moravia. In: Pavel Kouřil, Rudolf Procházka et ah: Moravian and Silesian Strongholds of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries in the Context of Central Europe. Brno, s. 99-114. Hrubý, V. 1965: Staré Město. Velkomoravský Velehrad, Praha. Hrubý, V 1965a: Keramika antických tvarů v době velkomoravské, Časopis Moravského musea - vědy společenské, L, s. 37-62. Hrubý, V 1970: Střešní krytina velkomoravského kostela v Uher ském Hradišti-Sadech. In: Sborník J. Poulíkovi к šedesátinám. Brno, s. 95-102. Hrubý, V 1971: Hrob svátého Metoděje v Uherském Hradišti-Sa dech? Slovenská archeológia XVIII, s. 87-96. Kouřil, R - Měřínský, Z. 1996: Sakrální architektura a hmotné památky odrážející projevy duchovní kultury z moravských a slezských archeologických výzkumů, Archaeologia historica 21/96, s. 111-119. Marešová, K. 1983: Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Slovanské pohřebiště na Horních Kotvicích. Brno, Uherské Hradiště.
Marešová, K. 1985: Uherské Hradiště-Sady. Staroslovanské sídliště na Dolních Kotvicích. Brno. Měřínský, Z. 1997: К problematice nekropoli druhé poloviny 10. až počátku 13. století na Moravě - Zur Problematik der Gräber felder der zweiten Hälfte des 10. bis zum Anfang des 13. Jahr hunderts in Mähren. In: R. Nekuda, J. Unger (Hrsg.): Z pravěku do středověku. Sborník к 70. narozeninám Vladimíra Někudy. Brno, s. 87-97. Procházka, R. 2005: Der südmährische Kirchenbau im 11. - 13. Ja hrhundert ֊ Ein Überblick. In: Die Kirche im mittelalterlichen Siedlungsraum. Archäologische Aspekte zu Standort, Architek tur und Kirchenorganisation. Beiträge zur Mittelalterarchäolo gie in Österreich 21/2005, s. 205-242. Sejbal, J. 1986: Nálezy denárů z pohřebiště na sadské výšině vel komoravského Starého Města. In: Denárová měna na Moravě. Brno, s. 98-183. Ungerman, Š. 2010: Počátky mladohradištních pohřebišť na Mo ravě. In: Š. Ungerman, R. Přichystalová (Sest.): Zaměřeno na středověk. Zdeňkovi Měřínskému к 60. narozeninám. Brno, s. 220-239. Videman, ]. - Paukert, f. 2009: Moravské denáry 11. - 12. století. Kroměříž. |
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| publisher | Moravské zemské muzeum |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber 1. Katalog pohřebiště Luděk Galuška, Věra Hochmanová-Vávrová, Vilém Hrubý, Jiří Mitáček Vydání 1 Brno Moravské zemské muzeum 2018 395 Seiten, 4 ungezählte gefaltete Seiten Bildtafeln Porträts, Pläne 31 cm Beilage: 2 Pläne (4 ungezählte Seiten; 59 x 54 cm, gefaltet 18 x 28 cm) txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusatztitel auf dem Umschlag: hroby z 9. století až začátku 13. století Literaturverzeichnis Seite 395 Zusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und Englisch (DE-588)4163417-2 Katalog gnd-content Galuška, Luděk 1960- (DE-588)1133575072 aut ill Hochmanová-Vávrová, Věra 1923-2002 (DE-588)1206662670 aut Hrubý, Vilém 1912-1985 (DE-588)1206662905 aut Moravské zemské muzeum (DE-588)36269-4 isb Beilage Hroby z 9. století až 1. poloviny 10. století 1 Plan, gefaltet Beilage Hroby z 2. poloviny 10. až začátku 13. století 1 Plan, gefaltet (DE-604)BV046632817 1 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032044358&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032044358&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032044358&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Galuška, Luděk 1960- Hochmanová-Vávrová, Věra 1923-2002 Hrubý, Vilém 1912-1985 Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4163417-2 |
| title | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber |
| title_auth | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber |
| title_exact_search | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber |
| title_full | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber 1. Katalog pohřebiště Luděk Galuška, Věra Hochmanová-Vávrová, Vilém Hrubý, Jiří Mitáček |
| title_fullStr | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber 1. Katalog pohřebiště Luděk Galuška, Věra Hochmanová-Vávrová, Vilém Hrubý, Jiří Mitáček |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uherské Hradiště-Sady 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě = Katalog der Gräber 1. Katalog pohřebiště Luděk Galuška, Věra Hochmanová-Vávrová, Vilém Hrubý, Jiří Mitáček |
| title_short | Uherské Hradiště-Sady |
| title_sort | uherske hradiste sady 500 let krestanstvi ve stredni evrope katalog der graber katalog pohrebiste |
| title_sub | 500 let křesťanství ve střední Evropě |
| topic_facet | Katalog |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032044358&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032044358&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032044358&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV046632817 |
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