Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial: "rapoartele" Astrei
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Cluj-Napoca
Editura Mega
2019
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| Beschreibung: | 566 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9786060201601 |
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CUPRINS 9 CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE 13 1. COMITATUL BISTRIŢA-NĂSĂUD 14 1.1. Plasa Beşineu (Viişoara) 18 1.2. Plasa Iad (Livezile) 19 1.3. Plasa Năsăud 20 1.4. Plasa Rodna 24 1.5. Oraşul Bistriţa 25 2. COMITATUL CIUC 26 2.1. Plasa C asinu 34 2.2. Plasa Ciucul de Sus 44 2.3. Plasa Frumoasa 47 2.4. Plasa Gheorgheni 56 61 2.5. Plasa Tulgheş 2.6. Oraşele Gheorgheni şi Miercurea Ciuc 65 3. COMITATUL MUREŞ-TURDA 66 3.1. Plasa Miercurea Nirajului 66 3.2. Plasa Mureşu de Jos 88 3.3. Plasa Mureşu de Sus 95 3.4. Plasa Reghinu de Jos 105 3.5. Plasa Reghinu de Sus 112 3.6. Oraşele Reghin şi Târgu-Mureş 113 4. COMITATUL ODORHEI 114 4.1. Plasa Cristuru Secuiesc 129 4.2. Plasa Homoroadelor 130 4.3. Plasa Odorhei
130 4.4. Plasa Praid 4.5. Oraşul Odorheiu Secuiesc 133 5. COMITATUL TÂRNAVA MARE 134 5.1. Plasa Agnita 135 5.2. Plasa Cincu Mare 130 168 5.4. Plasa Rupea 176 5.5. Plasa Sighişoara 192 5.6. Oraşele Mediaş şi Sighişoara 195 6. COMITATUL TÂRNAVA MICĂ 196 6.1. Plasa Diciosânmărtin (Târnăveni) 201 6.2. Plasa Hususău (Valea Lungă) 213 6.3. Plasa Ibaşfalău (Dumbrăveni) 215 6.4. Plasa Iernut 220 6.5. Oraşele Dumbrăveni şi Târnăveni 221 7. COMITATUL TREI SCAUNE 222 7.1. Plasa Chezdi 222 7.2. Plasa Micloşoara 231 237 7.3. Plasa Orba 7.4. Plasa Şepşi 7.5. Oraşele Sfântu Gheorghe şi Târgu Secuiesc 239 8. COMITATUL TURDA-ARIE Ş 240 8.1. Plasa Câmpeni 246 8.2. Plasa lara de Jos 251 254 8.3. Plasa Luduş 8.4. Plasa Rimetea-Trascău 268 8.5. Plasa Turda 280 8.6. Plasa Vinţu de Sus 298 8.7. Oraşul Turda ЗОЇ 9. ANALIZE 302 446 9.1. Tablouri statistice 9.2. Eşantioane, respondenti, structuri normative şi comportamentale 467 9.3. Costuri materiale directe generate de război 470 9.4. Amploarea fenomenului revoluţionar din anul 1918 231
471 9.5. Devastările din timpul revoluţiei. Autori şi victime 500 9.6. Moartea şi mortalitatea ca fenomene ale revoluţiei din 1918 509 534 9.7. Gărzile naţionale 9.8. Participarea la Adunarea Naţională de la Alba Iulia 556 9.9. Concluzii 559 SUMMARY 563 SURSE DOCUMENTARE ŞI BIBLIOGRAFICE
SUMMARY The data processing of the investigation undertaken by Astra in 1922, started in 2013, begins to gradually be published. The first objective was to publish the statistical results of the “Nominal Register”, by communes, districts and coun ties, after the administrative-territorial configuration of the year 1910, the year of the last census carried out before the war. The conclusion of the immense effort of processing and interpreting the statistical data is that of the full success reg istered by Astra by applying this investigative instrument, regarding the fate of Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crişana, Sătmar and Maramureş in the Great War. The analysis of the “Reports”, the second working tool used by Astra, raised many problems, which led some researchers to question the documentary value of the source. Starting from the premise that a material of such proportions, involving a significant part of the local and central administrative apparatus, has no way of not capturing the major social phenomena that occurred at the end of the Great War, we have devised a plan to use the information of the “Reports”, starting with their transcript and continuing with the statistical analysis of the information. The pilot study was dedicated to the Hunedoara County. It followed the volume dedicated to the counties of Sălaj, Sibiu and Solnoc-Dăbâca. This vol ume brings to the attention of the researchers “Reports” sent from the counties of Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Târnava Mică, Trei Scaune and Turda Aries. All the materials are in the
custody of the Sibiu County Department of National Archives. The statistical analyzes take into account all the 12 counties whose “Reports” were transcribed in previous volumes as well as in this volume. The 770 “Reports” identified at the Sibiu County Department of National Archives, coming from the Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Hunedoara, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Sălaj, Sibiu, SolnocDăbâca, Târnava Mare, Târnava Mică, Trei Scaune and Turda-Arieş 8 counties, cover 880 of rural and urban communes and almost 50% of the Romanian popu lation of these counties. Despite a slight underrepresentation of the rural envi ronment, the sample has a high degree of representativeness. The “Reports” were prepared by 397 respondents, of whom only 146 were associated with at least one other person in order to guarantee the authenticity of the information. Thus, only
560 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial slightly more than 40% of the “Reports” were prepared according to the methodol ogy of the investigation. The analysis of the “Reports” showed that observing the methodology of the investigation does not constitute a guarantee for the value of the answers, as the non-observance of the methodology does not automatically mean the vilification or the devaluation of the answers. Their value fluctuates from case to case, not in strict relation with the observance of the methodology. The “Reports” signed by the non-Romanian respondents should be treated more carefully. “Discretionary” or forced material losses (destruction, damage) register higher values in the rural area, compared to the urban one, an explanation being the military events of 1916. în the rural area, the material losses amount to about 62 crowns/person, while in the urban area, the value is 45 crowns/person. The esti mated value of all the material losses suffered by the Romanians from the sixteen Transylvanian counties is of about 634 million crowns, the amounts granted on the occasion of the eight war bonds being disregarded. Revolutionary acts were reported in about 35% of the rural and urban com munes of the sample, with a significant discrepancy between the rural (34.49%) and the urban (73.33%) environments, the latter being more vulnerable to the revo lutionary phenomenon. The main targets of the devastation were the households and the belongings of the rich or with abusive behavior during the years of war, followed by secretariats/city halls, shops/pubs
and forests. Havoc was reported in about 44% of the communes with revolutionary manifestations, which leads to two conclusions: 1) the respondents did not always report the damage occurred, probably considering them insignificant and 2) in many communes, the revolu tionary manifestations came down to verbal agitations, perhaps with shots with out precise target, with the change of mayors/notaries and the distribution of food from communal storehouses. The main perpetrators of the devastation were the soldiers returning from the front, who also trained the civilian population. From an ethnic point ofview, about 70% of the devastation cases are attributable to the Romanians, the second place being the Hungarians. The combination of the social dimension with the national one of the break outs proves the high degree of the desire for justice among Romanians. Regarding the social-professional dimension, the favorite victims of the dissatisfied were the owners/leaseholder, then the traders and the officials. The ethnicity of the victims, to the extent that it was specified or deduced, reveals the increased degree of vulnerability experienced by the Jewish and Hungarian envi ronments. Anti-Semitic demonstrations were reported in almost 10% of the com munes with revolutionary manifestations, the Jews being scattered, in very small communities, in 72.60% of the communes of the 12 counties. As they were close or even integrated into the elitist environment of Hungarian and German language, the Jews were perceived as instruments of Hungarian political domination, of the
Summary 561 assimilationist politics backed by the authorities of the Hungarian unitary nation state. The national-political dimension intersected with the social-economic one, the image of welfare of the Jewish tapster contrasting with the generalized pov erty existing at the end of the First World War. One consequence of the violent events of 1918 was represented by the permanent or temporary emigration. The Jewish population in rural communes with anti-Semitic manifestations halved, as the census data of 1930 attest. Instead, the Jewish communities in the urban area were consolidated. The forced emigration of the Jews was not only domestic, some families even choosing to cross the Atlantic for a better life. A migration phenomenon from the rural to the urban environment is observable, after 1918, also in the Romanian population, but it is not forced but stimulated by the oppor tunities unsealed by the new regime, especially in the administrative, educational and liberal professions field. în the sample, 114 deaths were recorded, of which 107 with the ethnic iden tity specified or deductible. Among the Romanians there were 91 dead recorded (85% of the total dead identified), 10% falling victim to the Romanians themselves, and 90% to the foreigners, an eloquent fact regarding the social-national relations in the violent and revolutionary movements of 1918. ín relation to the number of Romanians covered by the investigation, 555.190, the mortality coefficient is о.іб4%о, which leads to an estimate of 189.45 dead Romanians in the 12 analyzed counties. An estimate of all
deaths in the 12 counties, Romanians, Hungarians, Jews, Germans, would lead to about 250 victims. The degree of vulnerability is much higher in the urban environment, where the mortality coefficient is o.o8%o, compared to the entire urban population of the 12 counties. ín the rural area, the mortality coefficient, calculated in the same way, by reference to the entire rural population, is o.o5%o. The same coefficients are registered for Romanians, respectively Jews, by reference to the entire Romanian/Jewish population of the 12 counties: o.079%o Romanian deaths, o.o54%0 Jewish deaths. ín the Hungarian and German environment, the mortality coefficient is much lower (p.015%0 and 0.005 respectively). If the Romanians are the main perpetrators of the havoc, the Hungarians are the main perpetrators of the crimes of 1918, the percentage of vic tims associated with this ethnic group exceeding 80%. It can be said that at the end of the war, the Romanians acted in the sense of a social and state reorganiza tion, on the principles of national equity, while the minority groups, especially the Hungarians and Hungarians speaking Jewish people (with coefficients of guilt of 2.20, respectively of 1.12, compared to 0.27 for Romanians and 0.22 for Germans), reacted with the heartlessness of a person who cannot accept change, resorting to acts of extreme violence, which shadow intragroup conflicts, of a social nature. ín order to ensure public order, in the conditions of authority destructure at the end of the war, national or mixed guards were established, following the decision of the
National Central Romanian Council. ín the sample covered by the Astra
562 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial investigation, almost two thirds of the rural and urban communes benefited from the services of such a guard, the percentage being slightly higher, of course, in the urban environment. The analysis of the conditions in which the guards were established shows that the main factors that favored the organization of this law enforcement were the size of the community, the proximity to the urban environ ment or the railway, the area’s occupational characteristics of urban type (e.g. the Petroşani District, Hunedoara county) and the significant share of Romanians in order to counteract the potential danger represented by other ethnic groups. In a proportion exceeding 80%, the commanders of the guards were military men, the other commanders coming from the ranks of the clergy. It is noteworthy that almost 40% of the commanders were soldiers, respectively almost a third plough men, which shows that the instruction of the National Central Romanian Council on entrusting the command to officers or non-commissioned officers was exceeded by the realities in the field, meaning both the lack of graded military elements, in some cases, as well as the manifestation of the revolutionary spirit, with an egali tarian sense, in many cases. The ambition of the National Central Romanian Council to gather in Alba Iulia, on November 18/December 1,1918, an impressive crowd of Romanians had its risks, but in the end it was successful. The main obstacles that slowed the flow of Romanians to Alba Iulia were, according to the Astra investigation, the
Spanish flu, the lack of leaders, the opposition of the Hungarian forces (to which, for the Banat area, the opposition of the Serbian forces is added) and the bad weather. For the 12 counties analyzed, the partially calibrated data lead us to an estimate of over 15.000 Romanians present in Alba Iulia. Even if we consider more signifi cant data losses, we do not think that the number of 20.000 participants can be exceeded. To these participants are added the Romanians who came from the counties of Alba de Jos (probably the county with the most consistent presence), Braşov, Cluj-Cojocna and Făgăraş, then those from Banat, Crişana, Sătmar and Maramureş. The estimations made based on the data of the Astra investigation lead us to about 50-60.000 participants, the estimation being provided by the valuable journalist loan Coltor, in the Unirea newspaper of Blaj, two days after the event. At the head of the delegations of participants were first of all the priests (over 50% of the delegation commanders), followed by teachers (almost 20%), ploughmen and officials. The involvement of priests in the events of 1918 shows once again the major role played by this social-professional category in the forma tion of public opinion and the development of national-Christian feelings in the Transylvanian Romanian environment, with a very small urban presence, until the unification of Transylvania with Romania.
SURSE DOCUMENTARE SI BIBLIOGRAFICE в I. Documente inedite Arhiva comunei Mihăileni (jud. Sibiu), „Protocolulu Matriculare alu botezatiloru dein Parochi’a Gr. Catolica Sielcau, prot. Sibiiului, a Archi-Diecesei gr. cat. de A.-Julia şi Fagarasiu în Transilvania”, tomul II, anii 1883-1926. Serviciul Judeţean Sibiu al Arhivelor Naţionale, fond ASTRA: - inv. որ. 453, „Listele participanţilor la Primul Război Mondial”, dos. 4a Judeţul BistriţaNăsăud; dos. 6c Judeţul Ciuc; dos. 6d Judeţul Ciuc (nepaginat); dos. 7a Judeţul Făgăraş; dos. 8b Judeţul Mureş-Turda; dos. 8c Judeţul Odorhei; dos. 12a Judeţul Târnava Mare; dos. 12b Judeţul Târnava Mică; dos. 15a Judeţul Trei Scaune; dos. 15b Judeţul Turda-Arieş; - Mărturii despre evenimentele din 1918 - judeţul Turda-Arieş; - Rapoarte, nr. 10, Judeţul Bistriţa-Năsăud; - Acte neinventariate, 1922-1; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Mureş-Turda; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Odorhei (Rapoarte); - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Sibiu: Documente referitoare la evenimentele din 1918; 1921; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Târnava Mare (Rapoarte) ; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Târnava Mică (Rapoarte) ; - Despărţăminte. Rapoarte din judeţul Ciuc. Serviciul Judeţean Alba al Arhivelor Naţionale, fond Societatea de lectură „Inocenţiu Micu Clain”, inv. nr. 103; fond Societatea de lectură a Gimnaziului greco-catolic din Blaj, inv. nr. 1225. II. Documente edite A Magyar Szent Korona országainak 1910. évi népszámlálása, első rész. A népességfőbb adatai, Budapest, 1912. Despărţământul Bucureşti al Asociaţiunii „Astra”, Marea Unire dela 1 Decembrie 1918, Bucureşti, 1943. Ion Popescu-
Puţuri, Ştefan Pascu (coordonatori principali), 1918la români. Documentele Unirii. Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, 1 Decembrie 1918, voi. VII, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, 1989. Ion Popescu-Puţuri, Ştefan Pascu (coordonatori principali), 19181aromâni. Documentele Unirii. Unirea Transilvaniei cu România 1 decembrie 1918, voi. IX, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, 1989.
564 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial Traían Rotariu (coord.), Maria Semeniuc, Mezei Elemér, Recensământul din 1930. Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2011. III. Periodice A Marosvásárhelyi evang. ref. Kollegium Értesítője az 1886-87-ik iskolai évről, Marosvásárhely, 1887. Anuarul Băncilor Române, Sibiiu. Anuarul Institutului pedagogie-teologie al arhidiecezei ortod. române transilvane în Nagyszeben (Sibiiu), Sibiu. Gazeta oficială, Sibiu. Românul, Arad. Şematismul biserìcii ortodoxe române din Ungano şi Transilvania, Sibiu. Şematismul veneratului cler al Arhidiecezei Mitropolitane Greco-Catolice Române de Alba-Iulia şi Făgăraş, Blaj. Tríbuna, Arad. Unirea, Blaj. IV. Volume Ion Agârbiceanu, Vâltoarea, Sibiu, Editura „Dacia Traiană” S.A., 1944. Ion Agârbiceanu, Vremuri şi oameni. Lume nouă (1919-1940), în Ion Agârbiceanu, Opere. VIL Romane, Ediţie îngrijită, notă asupra ediţiei, note şi comentarii, referinţe critice şi glosar de Uie Rad, Bucureşti, Academia Română, Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2017 (ediţia princeps, 1943). Bözödi György, Székely Bánja, II. kiadás, Mefhosz Könyvkiadó, Budapest [1939]. Nicolae Brânzeu, Şcoalele din Blaj. Studiu istorie, Sibiu, „Tipografia” S.A., 1898. Constantin Dumitrescu, Din lunga timpului bătaie. Anul 1918 m amintirile unor martori oculari, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1978. Aurel Gociman, Măcelul dela Belts din 1918, Bucureşti, Tipografia „Universul”, 1932. Viorica Lascu, Marcel Ştirban, Consiliul Naţional Român din Blaj (noiembrie 1918 - ianuarie 1919). Protocoale şi acte, vol. I, Cluj-
Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1978. Costel-Cristian Lazăr, Topliţa şi Marea Unire. Contribuţii ale Topliţei şi localităţilor din jur la întregirea neamului, Sfântu Gheorghe, Editura Eurocarpatica, 2018. C. Martinovici, N. Istrati, Dicţionarul Transilvaniei şi celorlalte ţinuturi alipite, Cluj, Institutul de arte grafice „Ardealul”, 1921. loan Silviu Nistor, Contribuţii mureşene la Marea Unire din 1918, Prefaţă de acad. Ştefan Pascu, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1981. Mircea Păcurariu, Politica statului ungarfaţă de Biserica românească din Transilvania în peri oada dualismului (1867-1918), Sibiu, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1986. Mircea Păcurariu, Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, voi. 3 (Secolele XIX şi XX), Bucureşti, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1994. loan Popa (coord.), Mihai Diaconu, Cristina Sava, Rafael Ţichindelean, Românii din comitatul Hunedoara în Primul Război Mondial. Ancheta ASTREI, Cuvânt înainte de prof. univ. dr. loan Bolovan, Sibiu, Editura Astra Museum, 2018. loan Popa, Românii din Transilvania, Banat, Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramureş în Primul Război Mondial. Ancheta ASTREI. „Tablourile nominale”. Partea I. Transilvania, Partea a II-а. Banat,
SURSE DOCUMENTARE ŞI BIBLIOGRAFICE 565 Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramureş, Prefaţă de prof. univ loan Bolovan, membra corespondent al Academiei Române, Sibiu, Editura Armanis, 2019. loan Popa, Laurenţiu Toma, Tetiana Toma, Românii din comitatele Sălaj, Sibiu şi Solnoc-Dăbâca în Prímül Război Mondial. „Rapoartele” ASTREI, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Mega, 2019. Grigore N. Popescu, Preoţimea română şi întregirea neamului. Temniţe şi lagăre, Bucureşti, Tipografia „Vremea”, 1940. Elena Râşniţă-Buza, Valea Sasului. Un sat din Podişul Târnavelor, pe cale de dispariţie. O lume de odinioară, Alba Iulia, Editura Reîntregirea, 2012. Eusebiu R. Roşea, Monografia institutului seminarial teologie-pedagogie„Andreian” alArhidiecezei Gr. Or. Române din Transilvania, Sibiu, Tiparul Tipografiei Arhidiecezane, 1911. Traian Rotariu, Petre Iluţ, Ancheta sociologică şi sondajul de opinie. Teorie şi practică, Iaşi, Polirom, 1999. loan Scurtu, Istoria contemporană a României (1918-2001), Bucureşti, Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine, 2002. loan Scurtu, Istoria civilizaţiei româneşti. Perioada interbelică (1918-1940), ediţia a Il-a, Bucureşti, Editura Enciclopedică, 2012. C. Stan, Şcoala poporană din Făgăraş şi depe Tâmave, voi. I Făgăraşul, Sibiu, Tiparul Institutului de Arte Grafice „Dacia Traiană”, 1928. Sebastian Stanca, Contribuţia preoţimii române din Ardeal la războiulpentru întregirea neamului (1916-1919), ediţie, studiu introductiv, note şi indici de Mihai-Octavian Groza şi MirceaGheorghe Abradan, Cluj-Napoca/Deva, Editura Argonaut/Editura Episcopiei Devei şi Hunedoarei, 2015. Vasile D. Stan, Angelica
Marinara Stan, Bilbor. Oameni şi locuri. Monografie, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Viaţa Creştină, 2005. Ilie Şandra, Pe urmele lui Octavian C. Tăslăuanu, Târgu-Mureş, Editura Petra Maior, 1997. Marcel Ştirban, Viorica Lascu, Consiliul Naţional Român din Blaj (noiembrie 1918 - ianuarie 1919). Protocoale şi acte, vol. II, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1980. Octavian C. Tăslăuanu, Trei luni pe câmpul derăsboiu. Ziarul unui român, ofiţer în armata austro-ungară, care a luat parte, cuglotaşii români din Ardeal, la luptele din Galiţia, ediţia a IlI-a revăzută şi întregită, Bucureşti, Editura „Librăriei Şcoalelor” C. Sfetea, 1915. Gheorghe Une, Augustin Deac, 1918. Gărzile naţionale române din Transilvania, Bucureşti, Editura Militară, 1979. V. Articole ***, „Pro Patria. Elevii liceului şi a[i] institutului pedagogic din Blaj sub drapel”, în Unirea, Blaj, an XXV, Nr. 48, Joi 20 Maiu 1915, pp. 1-2. ***, „Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Orden und Ehrenzeichen”, în Neuer Volkskalenderfiir das Jahr 1918, Hermannstadt, XXIX. Jahrgang, Druck und Verlag von W. Krafft, 1918, pp. 72-73. ***, „Revenirea Bisericii Greco-Catolice în sânul Bisericii Ortodoxe Române”, în Renaşterea, Cluj, Anul XXVI, Nr. 41-42,16 Octomvrie 1948, pp. 1-4. Iosif Marin Balog, loan Lupmerdean, „Implicaţii economice şi financiare ale Primului Război Mondial. împrumuturile de război”, în Anuarul Institutului de Istorie „George Bariţiu”, Filiala Cluj-Napoca a Academiei Române, Series Historica, 2018, nr. LVII, pp. 109-123. Andreea Dăncilă Ineoan, „Memory of the War and the Revolution in the Mureş County”, ín Comunication, Context,
Interdisciplinarity - Studies and Articles, Volume III, Section: Journalism, Târgu Mureş, „Petra Maior” University Press, 2014, pp. 230-240.
566 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial Nicoleta Gavriliu, „Primul Război Mondial şi consecinţele lui pe Valea Hârtibaciului”, în Gazeta Hărtibadului, Agnita, noiembrie 2013, ediţie online, http://gazetahartibaciului.blogspot.com/2013/ll/primul-razboi-mondial-si-consecintele. html. loan Marinescu, „Reghinenii la Alba Iulia”, în Reghinul cultural. Studii şi articole, Reghin, III, 1994, pp. 117-120. loan Marinescu, „Reghinul şi Marea Unire. Constituirea şi activitatea consiliilor naţionale române”, în Reghinul cultural. Studii şi articole, Reghin, IV, 1999, pp. 107-122. Ion Mateiu, „Şcoala noastră şi războiul”, în Şematismul bisericei ortodoxe române din Ungaría şi Transilvania pe anul 1916, Sibiiu, Editura şi tiparul tipografiei arhidiecezane, f.a., pp. 173-193. Teodor V. Păcăţian, „Jertfele Românilor din Ardeal, Bănat, Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramurăş, aduse în răsboiul mondial din anii 1914-1918”, în Transilvania, Sibiu, an LIV, Ian. - Febr. 1923, Nr. 1-2, pp. 32-54. loan Popa, „Provocări metodologice şi sursologice în legătură cu abordarea Primului Război Mondial în monografiile locale. Studiu de caz: satul Şalcău, comuna Mihăileni, judeţul Sibiu”, în Anuarul Cercului de Studii Istorice şi Sociale, Sibiu, nr. IX, 2014, pp. 95-100. loan Popa, „Şalcăul în Primul Război Mondial”, în Anuarul Cercului de Studii Istorice şi Sociale, Sibiu, nr. X, 2015, pp. 35-90. loan Popa, Tetiana Toma, „Prezenţa românilor la Adunarea Naţională de la Alba Iulia (1918), reflectată de Ancheta ASTREI (1922)”, în Transilvania, Sibiu, nr. 2/2019, pp. 56-63. loan I. Şerban, „Românii în armata
austro-ungară în anii Primului Război Mondial”, în Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica, 2-3,1998-1999, pp. 201-215. Abrevieri [DB ASTRA] G.O. magh N Rap SJAAN SJSAN Ş.O. Ş.G.C. Despărţământul Bucureşti al Asociaţiunii „Astra” Gazeta oficială „Raport” redactat în limba maghiară fără precizări/neprecizat „Raportul” este cuprins în „Tabloul nominal” comunal Serviciul Judeţean Alba al Arhivelor Naţionale Serviciul Judeţean Sibiu al Arhivelor Naţionale Şematismul bisericii ortodoxe române din Ungaria şi Transilvania Şematismul veneratului cler al Arhidiecezei Mitropolitane Greco-Catolice Române deAlba-Iulia şi Făgăraş Հ ' Bayerische \ S í a a í s b i b í ; o t֊h€-í I |
| adam_txt |
CUPRINS 9 CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE 13 1. COMITATUL BISTRIŢA-NĂSĂUD 14 1.1. Plasa Beşineu (Viişoara) 18 1.2. Plasa Iad (Livezile) 19 1.3. Plasa Năsăud 20 1.4. Plasa Rodna 24 1.5. Oraşul Bistriţa 25 2. COMITATUL CIUC 26 2.1. Plasa C asinu 34 2.2. Plasa Ciucul de Sus 44 2.3. Plasa Frumoasa 47 2.4. Plasa Gheorgheni 56 61 2.5. Plasa Tulgheş 2.6. Oraşele Gheorgheni şi Miercurea Ciuc 65 3. COMITATUL MUREŞ-TURDA 66 3.1. Plasa Miercurea Nirajului 66 3.2. Plasa Mureşu de Jos 88 3.3. Plasa Mureşu de Sus 95 3.4. Plasa Reghinu de Jos 105 3.5. Plasa Reghinu de Sus 112 3.6. Oraşele Reghin şi Târgu-Mureş 113 4. COMITATUL ODORHEI 114 4.1. Plasa Cristuru Secuiesc 129 4.2. Plasa Homoroadelor 130 4.3. Plasa Odorhei
130 4.4. Plasa Praid 4.5. Oraşul Odorheiu Secuiesc 133 5. COMITATUL TÂRNAVA MARE 134 5.1. Plasa Agnita 135 5.2. Plasa Cincu Mare 130 168 5.4. Plasa Rupea 176 5.5. Plasa Sighişoara 192 5.6. Oraşele Mediaş şi Sighişoara 195 6. COMITATUL TÂRNAVA MICĂ 196 6.1. Plasa Diciosânmărtin (Târnăveni) 201 6.2. Plasa Hususău (Valea Lungă) 213 6.3. Plasa Ibaşfalău (Dumbrăveni) 215 6.4. Plasa Iernut 220 6.5. Oraşele Dumbrăveni şi Târnăveni 221 7. COMITATUL TREI SCAUNE 222 7.1. Plasa Chezdi 222 7.2. Plasa Micloşoara 231 237 7.3. Plasa Orba 7.4. Plasa Şepşi 7.5. Oraşele Sfântu Gheorghe şi Târgu Secuiesc 239 8. COMITATUL TURDA-ARIE Ş 240 8.1. Plasa Câmpeni 246 8.2. Plasa lara de Jos 251 254 8.3. Plasa Luduş 8.4. Plasa Rimetea-Trascău 268 8.5. Plasa Turda 280 8.6. Plasa Vinţu de Sus 298 8.7. Oraşul Turda ЗОЇ 9. ANALIZE 302 446 9.1. Tablouri statistice 9.2. Eşantioane, respondenti, structuri normative şi comportamentale 467 9.3. Costuri materiale directe generate de război 470 9.4. Amploarea fenomenului revoluţionar din anul 1918 231
471 9.5. Devastările din timpul revoluţiei. Autori şi victime 500 9.6. Moartea şi mortalitatea ca fenomene ale revoluţiei din 1918 509 534 9.7. Gărzile naţionale 9.8. Participarea la Adunarea Naţională de la Alba Iulia 556 9.9. Concluzii 559 SUMMARY 563 SURSE DOCUMENTARE ŞI BIBLIOGRAFICE
SUMMARY The data processing of the investigation undertaken by Astra in 1922, started in 2013, begins to gradually be published. The first objective was to publish the statistical results of the “Nominal Register”, by communes, districts and coun ties, after the administrative-territorial configuration of the year 1910, the year of the last census carried out before the war. The conclusion of the immense effort of processing and interpreting the statistical data is that of the full success reg istered by Astra by applying this investigative instrument, regarding the fate of Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crişana, Sătmar and Maramureş in the Great War. The analysis of the “Reports”, the second working tool used by Astra, raised many problems, which led some researchers to question the documentary value of the source. Starting from the premise that a material of such proportions, involving a significant part of the local and central administrative apparatus, has no way of not capturing the major social phenomena that occurred at the end of the Great War, we have devised a plan to use the information of the “Reports”, starting with their transcript and continuing with the statistical analysis of the information. The pilot study was dedicated to the Hunedoara County. It followed the volume dedicated to the counties of Sălaj, Sibiu and Solnoc-Dăbâca. This vol ume brings to the attention of the researchers “Reports” sent from the counties of Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Târnava Mică, Trei Scaune and Turda Aries. All the materials are in the
custody of the Sibiu County Department of National Archives. The statistical analyzes take into account all the 12 counties whose “Reports” were transcribed in previous volumes as well as in this volume. The 770 “Reports” identified at the Sibiu County Department of National Archives, coming from the Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Hunedoara, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Sălaj, Sibiu, SolnocDăbâca, Târnava Mare, Târnava Mică, Trei Scaune and Turda-Arieş 8 counties, cover 880 of rural and urban communes and almost 50% of the Romanian popu lation of these counties. Despite a slight underrepresentation of the rural envi ronment, the sample has a high degree of representativeness. The “Reports” were prepared by 397 respondents, of whom only 146 were associated with at least one other person in order to guarantee the authenticity of the information. Thus, only
560 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial slightly more than 40% of the “Reports” were prepared according to the methodol ogy of the investigation. The analysis of the “Reports” showed that observing the methodology of the investigation does not constitute a guarantee for the value of the answers, as the non-observance of the methodology does not automatically mean the vilification or the devaluation of the answers. Their value fluctuates from case to case, not in strict relation with the observance of the methodology. The “Reports” signed by the non-Romanian respondents should be treated more carefully. “Discretionary” or forced material losses (destruction, damage) register higher values in the rural area, compared to the urban one, an explanation being the military events of 1916. în the rural area, the material losses amount to about 62 crowns/person, while in the urban area, the value is 45 crowns/person. The esti mated value of all the material losses suffered by the Romanians from the sixteen Transylvanian counties is of about 634 million crowns, the amounts granted on the occasion of the eight war bonds being disregarded. Revolutionary acts were reported in about 35% of the rural and urban com munes of the sample, with a significant discrepancy between the rural (34.49%) and the urban (73.33%) environments, the latter being more vulnerable to the revo lutionary phenomenon. The main targets of the devastation were the households and the belongings of the rich or with abusive behavior during the years of war, followed by secretariats/city halls, shops/pubs
and forests. Havoc was reported in about 44% of the communes with revolutionary manifestations, which leads to two conclusions: 1) the respondents did not always report the damage occurred, probably considering them insignificant and 2) in many communes, the revolu tionary manifestations came down to verbal agitations, perhaps with shots with out precise target, with the change of mayors/notaries and the distribution of food from communal storehouses. The main perpetrators of the devastation were the soldiers returning from the front, who also trained the civilian population. From an ethnic point ofview, about 70% of the devastation cases are attributable to the Romanians, the second place being the Hungarians. The combination of the social dimension with the national one of the break outs proves the high degree of the desire for justice among Romanians. Regarding the social-professional dimension, the favorite victims of the dissatisfied were the owners/leaseholder, then the traders and the officials. The ethnicity of the victims, to the extent that it was specified or deduced, reveals the increased degree of vulnerability experienced by the Jewish and Hungarian envi ronments. Anti-Semitic demonstrations were reported in almost 10% of the com munes with revolutionary manifestations, the Jews being scattered, in very small communities, in 72.60% of the communes of the 12 counties. As they were close or even integrated into the elitist environment of Hungarian and German language, the Jews were perceived as instruments of Hungarian political domination, of the
Summary 561 assimilationist politics backed by the authorities of the Hungarian unitary nation state. The national-political dimension intersected with the social-economic one, the image of welfare of the Jewish tapster contrasting with the generalized pov erty existing at the end of the First World War. One consequence of the violent events of 1918 was represented by the permanent or temporary emigration. The Jewish population in rural communes with anti-Semitic manifestations halved, as the census data of 1930 attest. Instead, the Jewish communities in the urban area were consolidated. The forced emigration of the Jews was not only domestic, some families even choosing to cross the Atlantic for a better life. A migration phenomenon from the rural to the urban environment is observable, after 1918, also in the Romanian population, but it is not forced but stimulated by the oppor tunities unsealed by the new regime, especially in the administrative, educational and liberal professions field. în the sample, 114 deaths were recorded, of which 107 with the ethnic iden tity specified or deductible. Among the Romanians there were 91 dead recorded (85% of the total dead identified), 10% falling victim to the Romanians themselves, and 90% to the foreigners, an eloquent fact regarding the social-national relations in the violent and revolutionary movements of 1918. ín relation to the number of Romanians covered by the investigation, 555.190, the mortality coefficient is о.іб4%о, which leads to an estimate of 189.45 dead Romanians in the 12 analyzed counties. An estimate of all
deaths in the 12 counties, Romanians, Hungarians, Jews, Germans, would lead to about 250 victims. The degree of vulnerability is much higher in the urban environment, where the mortality coefficient is o.o8%o, compared to the entire urban population of the 12 counties. ín the rural area, the mortality coefficient, calculated in the same way, by reference to the entire rural population, is o.o5%o. The same coefficients are registered for Romanians, respectively Jews, by reference to the entire Romanian/Jewish population of the 12 counties: o.079%o Romanian deaths, o.o54%0 Jewish deaths. ín the Hungarian and German environment, the mortality coefficient is much lower (p.015%0 and 0.005 respectively). If the Romanians are the main perpetrators of the havoc, the Hungarians are the main perpetrators of the crimes of 1918, the percentage of vic tims associated with this ethnic group exceeding 80%. It can be said that at the end of the war, the Romanians acted in the sense of a social and state reorganiza tion, on the principles of national equity, while the minority groups, especially the Hungarians and Hungarians speaking Jewish people (with coefficients of guilt of 2.20, respectively of 1.12, compared to 0.27 for Romanians and 0.22 for Germans), reacted with the heartlessness of a person who cannot accept change, resorting to acts of extreme violence, which shadow intragroup conflicts, of a social nature. ín order to ensure public order, in the conditions of authority destructure at the end of the war, national or mixed guards were established, following the decision of the
National Central Romanian Council. ín the sample covered by the Astra
562 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial investigation, almost two thirds of the rural and urban communes benefited from the services of such a guard, the percentage being slightly higher, of course, in the urban environment. The analysis of the conditions in which the guards were established shows that the main factors that favored the organization of this law enforcement were the size of the community, the proximity to the urban environ ment or the railway, the area’s occupational characteristics of urban type (e.g. the Petroşani District, Hunedoara county) and the significant share of Romanians in order to counteract the potential danger represented by other ethnic groups. In a proportion exceeding 80%, the commanders of the guards were military men, the other commanders coming from the ranks of the clergy. It is noteworthy that almost 40% of the commanders were soldiers, respectively almost a third plough men, which shows that the instruction of the National Central Romanian Council on entrusting the command to officers or non-commissioned officers was exceeded by the realities in the field, meaning both the lack of graded military elements, in some cases, as well as the manifestation of the revolutionary spirit, with an egali tarian sense, in many cases. The ambition of the National Central Romanian Council to gather in Alba Iulia, on November 18/December 1,1918, an impressive crowd of Romanians had its risks, but in the end it was successful. The main obstacles that slowed the flow of Romanians to Alba Iulia were, according to the Astra investigation, the
Spanish flu, the lack of leaders, the opposition of the Hungarian forces (to which, for the Banat area, the opposition of the Serbian forces is added) and the bad weather. For the 12 counties analyzed, the partially calibrated data lead us to an estimate of over 15.000 Romanians present in Alba Iulia. Even if we consider more signifi cant data losses, we do not think that the number of 20.000 participants can be exceeded. To these participants are added the Romanians who came from the counties of Alba de Jos (probably the county with the most consistent presence), Braşov, Cluj-Cojocna and Făgăraş, then those from Banat, Crişana, Sătmar and Maramureş. The estimations made based on the data of the Astra investigation lead us to about 50-60.000 participants, the estimation being provided by the valuable journalist loan Coltor, in the Unirea newspaper of Blaj, two days after the event. At the head of the delegations of participants were first of all the priests (over 50% of the delegation commanders), followed by teachers (almost 20%), ploughmen and officials. The involvement of priests in the events of 1918 shows once again the major role played by this social-professional category in the forma tion of public opinion and the development of national-Christian feelings in the Transylvanian Romanian environment, with a very small urban presence, until the unification of Transylvania with Romania.
SURSE DOCUMENTARE SI BIBLIOGRAFICE в I. Documente inedite Arhiva comunei Mihăileni (jud. Sibiu), „Protocolulu Matriculare alu botezatiloru dein Parochi’a Gr. Catolica Sielcau, prot. Sibiiului, a Archi-Diecesei gr. cat. de A.-Julia şi Fagarasiu în Transilvania”, tomul II, anii 1883-1926. Serviciul Judeţean Sibiu al Arhivelor Naţionale, fond ASTRA: - inv. որ. 453, „Listele participanţilor la Primul Război Mondial”, dos. 4a Judeţul BistriţaNăsăud; dos. 6c Judeţul Ciuc; dos. 6d Judeţul Ciuc (nepaginat); dos. 7a Judeţul Făgăraş; dos. 8b Judeţul Mureş-Turda; dos. 8c Judeţul Odorhei; dos. 12a Judeţul Târnava Mare; dos. 12b Judeţul Târnava Mică; dos. 15a Judeţul Trei Scaune; dos. 15b Judeţul Turda-Arieş; - Mărturii despre evenimentele din 1918 - judeţul Turda-Arieş; - Rapoarte, nr. 10, Judeţul Bistriţa-Năsăud; - Acte neinventariate, 1922-1; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Mureş-Turda; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Odorhei (Rapoarte); - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Sibiu: Documente referitoare la evenimentele din 1918; 1921; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Târnava Mare (Rapoarte) ; - Despărţăminte. Judeţul Târnava Mică (Rapoarte) ; - Despărţăminte. Rapoarte din judeţul Ciuc. Serviciul Judeţean Alba al Arhivelor Naţionale, fond Societatea de lectură „Inocenţiu Micu Clain”, inv. nr. 103; fond Societatea de lectură a Gimnaziului greco-catolic din Blaj, inv. nr. 1225. II. Documente edite A Magyar Szent Korona országainak 1910. évi népszámlálása, első rész. A népességfőbb adatai, Budapest, 1912. Despărţământul Bucureşti al Asociaţiunii „Astra”, Marea Unire dela 1 Decembrie 1918, Bucureşti, 1943. Ion Popescu-
Puţuri, Ştefan Pascu (coordonatori principali), 1918la români. Documentele Unirii. Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, 1 Decembrie 1918, voi. VII, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, 1989. Ion Popescu-Puţuri, Ştefan Pascu (coordonatori principali), 19181aromâni. Documentele Unirii. Unirea Transilvaniei cu România 1 decembrie 1918, voi. IX, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, 1989.
564 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial Traían Rotariu (coord.), Maria Semeniuc, Mezei Elemér, Recensământul din 1930. Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2011. III. Periodice A Marosvásárhelyi evang. ref. Kollegium Értesítője az 1886-87-ik iskolai évről, Marosvásárhely, 1887. Anuarul Băncilor Române, Sibiiu. Anuarul Institutului pedagogie-teologie al arhidiecezei ortod. române transilvane în Nagyszeben (Sibiiu), Sibiu. Gazeta oficială, Sibiu. Românul, Arad. Şematismul biserìcii ortodoxe române din Ungano şi Transilvania, Sibiu. Şematismul veneratului cler al Arhidiecezei Mitropolitane Greco-Catolice Române de Alba-Iulia şi Făgăraş, Blaj. Tríbuna, Arad. Unirea, Blaj. IV. Volume Ion Agârbiceanu, Vâltoarea, Sibiu, Editura „Dacia Traiană” S.A., 1944. Ion Agârbiceanu, Vremuri şi oameni. Lume nouă (1919-1940), în Ion Agârbiceanu, Opere. VIL Romane, Ediţie îngrijită, notă asupra ediţiei, note şi comentarii, referinţe critice şi glosar de Uie Rad, Bucureşti, Academia Română, Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2017 (ediţia princeps, 1943). Bözödi György, Székely Bánja, II. kiadás, Mefhosz Könyvkiadó, Budapest [1939]. Nicolae Brânzeu, Şcoalele din Blaj. Studiu istorie, Sibiu, „Tipografia” S.A., 1898. Constantin Dumitrescu, Din lunga timpului bătaie. Anul 1918 m amintirile unor martori oculari, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1978. Aurel Gociman, Măcelul dela Belts din 1918, Bucureşti, Tipografia „Universul”, 1932. Viorica Lascu, Marcel Ştirban, Consiliul Naţional Român din Blaj (noiembrie 1918 - ianuarie 1919). Protocoale şi acte, vol. I, Cluj-
Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1978. Costel-Cristian Lazăr, Topliţa şi Marea Unire. Contribuţii ale Topliţei şi localităţilor din jur la întregirea neamului, Sfântu Gheorghe, Editura Eurocarpatica, 2018. C. Martinovici, N. Istrati, Dicţionarul Transilvaniei şi celorlalte ţinuturi alipite, Cluj, Institutul de arte grafice „Ardealul”, 1921. loan Silviu Nistor, Contribuţii mureşene la Marea Unire din 1918, Prefaţă de acad. Ştefan Pascu, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1981. Mircea Păcurariu, Politica statului ungarfaţă de Biserica românească din Transilvania în peri oada dualismului (1867-1918), Sibiu, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1986. Mircea Păcurariu, Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, voi. 3 (Secolele XIX şi XX), Bucureşti, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1994. loan Popa (coord.), Mihai Diaconu, Cristina Sava, Rafael Ţichindelean, Românii din comitatul Hunedoara în Primul Război Mondial. Ancheta ASTREI, Cuvânt înainte de prof. univ. dr. loan Bolovan, Sibiu, Editura Astra Museum, 2018. loan Popa, Românii din Transilvania, Banat, Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramureş în Primul Război Mondial. Ancheta ASTREI. „Tablourile nominale”. Partea I. Transilvania, Partea a II-а. Banat,
SURSE DOCUMENTARE ŞI BIBLIOGRAFICE 565 Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramureş, Prefaţă de prof. univ loan Bolovan, membra corespondent al Academiei Române, Sibiu, Editura Armanis, 2019. loan Popa, Laurenţiu Toma, Tetiana Toma, Românii din comitatele Sălaj, Sibiu şi Solnoc-Dăbâca în Prímül Război Mondial. „Rapoartele” ASTREI, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Mega, 2019. Grigore N. Popescu, Preoţimea română şi întregirea neamului. Temniţe şi lagăre, Bucureşti, Tipografia „Vremea”, 1940. Elena Râşniţă-Buza, Valea Sasului. Un sat din Podişul Târnavelor, pe cale de dispariţie. O lume de odinioară, Alba Iulia, Editura Reîntregirea, 2012. Eusebiu R. Roşea, Monografia institutului seminarial teologie-pedagogie„Andreian” alArhidiecezei Gr. Or. Române din Transilvania, Sibiu, Tiparul Tipografiei Arhidiecezane, 1911. Traian Rotariu, Petre Iluţ, Ancheta sociologică şi sondajul de opinie. Teorie şi practică, Iaşi, Polirom, 1999. loan Scurtu, Istoria contemporană a României (1918-2001), Bucureşti, Editura Fundaţiei România de Mâine, 2002. loan Scurtu, Istoria civilizaţiei româneşti. Perioada interbelică (1918-1940), ediţia a Il-a, Bucureşti, Editura Enciclopedică, 2012. C. Stan, Şcoala poporană din Făgăraş şi depe Tâmave, voi. I Făgăraşul, Sibiu, Tiparul Institutului de Arte Grafice „Dacia Traiană”, 1928. Sebastian Stanca, Contribuţia preoţimii române din Ardeal la războiulpentru întregirea neamului (1916-1919), ediţie, studiu introductiv, note şi indici de Mihai-Octavian Groza şi MirceaGheorghe Abradan, Cluj-Napoca/Deva, Editura Argonaut/Editura Episcopiei Devei şi Hunedoarei, 2015. Vasile D. Stan, Angelica
Marinara Stan, Bilbor. Oameni şi locuri. Monografie, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Viaţa Creştină, 2005. Ilie Şandra, Pe urmele lui Octavian C. Tăslăuanu, Târgu-Mureş, Editura Petra Maior, 1997. Marcel Ştirban, Viorica Lascu, Consiliul Naţional Român din Blaj (noiembrie 1918 - ianuarie 1919). Protocoale şi acte, vol. II, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1980. Octavian C. Tăslăuanu, Trei luni pe câmpul derăsboiu. Ziarul unui român, ofiţer în armata austro-ungară, care a luat parte, cuglotaşii români din Ardeal, la luptele din Galiţia, ediţia a IlI-a revăzută şi întregită, Bucureşti, Editura „Librăriei Şcoalelor” C. Sfetea, 1915. Gheorghe Une, Augustin Deac, 1918. Gărzile naţionale române din Transilvania, Bucureşti, Editura Militară, 1979. V. Articole ***, „Pro Patria. Elevii liceului şi a[i] institutului pedagogic din Blaj sub drapel”, în Unirea, Blaj, an XXV, Nr. 48, Joi 20 Maiu 1915, pp. 1-2. ***, „Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Orden und Ehrenzeichen”, în Neuer Volkskalenderfiir das Jahr 1918, Hermannstadt, XXIX. Jahrgang, Druck und Verlag von W. Krafft, 1918, pp. 72-73. ***, „Revenirea Bisericii Greco-Catolice în sânul Bisericii Ortodoxe Române”, în Renaşterea, Cluj, Anul XXVI, Nr. 41-42,16 Octomvrie 1948, pp. 1-4. Iosif Marin Balog, loan Lupmerdean, „Implicaţii economice şi financiare ale Primului Război Mondial. împrumuturile de război”, în Anuarul Institutului de Istorie „George Bariţiu”, Filiala Cluj-Napoca a Academiei Române, Series Historica, 2018, nr. LVII, pp. 109-123. Andreea Dăncilă Ineoan, „Memory of the War and the Revolution in the Mureş County”, ín Comunication, Context,
Interdisciplinarity - Studies and Articles, Volume III, Section: Journalism, Târgu Mureş, „Petra Maior” University Press, 2014, pp. 230-240.
566 Românii din comitate în Primul Război Mondial Nicoleta Gavriliu, „Primul Război Mondial şi consecinţele lui pe Valea Hârtibaciului”, în Gazeta Hărtibadului, Agnita, noiembrie 2013, ediţie online, http://gazetahartibaciului.blogspot.com/2013/ll/primul-razboi-mondial-si-consecintele. html. loan Marinescu, „Reghinenii la Alba Iulia”, în Reghinul cultural. Studii şi articole, Reghin, III, 1994, pp. 117-120. loan Marinescu, „Reghinul şi Marea Unire. Constituirea şi activitatea consiliilor naţionale române”, în Reghinul cultural. Studii şi articole, Reghin, IV, 1999, pp. 107-122. Ion Mateiu, „Şcoala noastră şi războiul”, în Şematismul bisericei ortodoxe române din Ungaría şi Transilvania pe anul 1916, Sibiiu, Editura şi tiparul tipografiei arhidiecezane, f.a., pp. 173-193. Teodor V. Păcăţian, „Jertfele Românilor din Ardeal, Bănat, Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramurăş, aduse în răsboiul mondial din anii 1914-1918”, în Transilvania, Sibiu, an LIV, Ian. - Febr. 1923, Nr. 1-2, pp. 32-54. loan Popa, „Provocări metodologice şi sursologice în legătură cu abordarea Primului Război Mondial în monografiile locale. Studiu de caz: satul Şalcău, comuna Mihăileni, judeţul Sibiu”, în Anuarul Cercului de Studii Istorice şi Sociale, Sibiu, nr. IX, 2014, pp. 95-100. loan Popa, „Şalcăul în Primul Război Mondial”, în Anuarul Cercului de Studii Istorice şi Sociale, Sibiu, nr. X, 2015, pp. 35-90. loan Popa, Tetiana Toma, „Prezenţa românilor la Adunarea Naţională de la Alba Iulia (1918), reflectată de Ancheta ASTREI (1922)”, în Transilvania, Sibiu, nr. 2/2019, pp. 56-63. loan I. Şerban, „Românii în armata
austro-ungară în anii Primului Război Mondial”, în Annales Universitatis Apulensis, Series Historica, 2-3,1998-1999, pp. 201-215. Abrevieri [DB ASTRA] G.O. magh N Rap SJAAN SJSAN Ş.O. Ş.G.C. Despărţământul Bucureşti al Asociaţiunii „Astra” Gazeta oficială „Raport” redactat în limba maghiară fără precizări/neprecizat „Raportul” este cuprins în „Tabloul nominal” comunal Serviciul Judeţean Alba al Arhivelor Naţionale Serviciul Judeţean Sibiu al Arhivelor Naţionale Şematismul bisericii ortodoxe române din Ungaria şi Transilvania Şematismul veneratului cler al Arhidiecezei Mitropolitane Greco-Catolice Române deAlba-Iulia şi Făgăraş Հ ' Bayerische \ S í a a í s b i b í ; o t֊h€-í I |
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| spellingShingle | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei Dokument (DE-588)4139988-2 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd Rumänen (DE-588)4117147-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139988-2 (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4117147-0 (DE-588)4054835-1 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei |
| title_auth | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei |
| title_exact_search | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei |
| title_full | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei Ioan Popa (coordonator) ; Tetiana Toma, Laurenţiu Toma, Victor Sibianu, Rafael Ţichindelean |
| title_fullStr | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei Ioan Popa (coordonator) ; Tetiana Toma, Laurenţiu Toma, Victor Sibianu, Rafael Ţichindelean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial "rapoartele" Astrei Ioan Popa (coordonator) ; Tetiana Toma, Laurenţiu Toma, Victor Sibianu, Rafael Ţichindelean |
| title_short | Românii din comitatele Bistriţa-Năsăud, Ciuc, Mureş-Turda, Odorhei, Târnava Mare, Trei Scaune şi Turda-Arieş în Primul Război Mondial |
| title_sort | romanii din comitatele bistrita nasaud ciuc mures turda odorhei tarnava mare trei scaune si turda aries in primul razboi mondial rapoartele astrei |
| title_sub | "rapoartele" Astrei |
| topic | Dokument (DE-588)4139988-2 gnd Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd Rumänen (DE-588)4117147-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Dokument Erster Weltkrieg Rumänen Siebenbürgen Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032042569&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032042569&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032042569&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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