The Putin paradox:
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney
I.B. Tauris
2020
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 320 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781788318303 9781838601270 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Ստէ of Tables ix Preface x Acknowledgements xiv List of Abbreviations xv 1 PUTIN AND HIS TIMES 1 From kommunalka to the Kremlin 1 The many Putins 6 The post-Cold War context 12 The democracy paradox 16 2 STATE, SOCIETY AND REGIME 23 The birth of the regime-state 24 The meta-factions of Russian society 29 The dual state and neo-patrimonialism 44 Reform, transition and beyond 51 3 PUTIN AND POLITICS 59 The state of exception and regionalism 59 Putin and the past 65 Anti-revolution as a political practice 70 Putin’s statecraft 76 Stasis, or the developmental impasse 81 4 POLITICS AND THE THIRD STATE Regime reset 85 The third state and meta-corruption 92 The third state and micro-factionalism 100
5 MANAGED CAPITALISM из State and market 114 Economic performance and plans 123 Powering Putinism 132 Sanctions and their effect 138 6 FROM PARTNER TO ADVERSARY: RUSSIA AND THE WEST 145 The clash of post-Cold War world orders 146 The logic of Russian foreign policy 152 A new era of confrontation 158 7 RECREATING THE HEARTLAND: EURASIAN PARTNERSHIPS 167 Eurasian integration In perspective 168 The post-Atlantic world 175 Putin’s Asian gambit: Escape from confrontation? 180 Global Russia 185 8 THE WINDS OF CHANGE 189 Towards Putin’s fourth term 189 The return of politics 195 The 2018 presidential election 198 Challenges of Putin’s fourth term 206 9 THE PUTIN PHENOMENON 215 Putin s people and power 215 Is Putin an ism? 220 Putin’s grand strategy 229 10 PARADOXES OF PUTINISM When success means failure 234 Towards the succession 236 Russia without Putin 242 Notes 247 Bibliography 283 Index 307 VIII CONTENTS 233
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INDEX 21st Century Russia: The Shape of a Desirable Future 32 Abdullatipov, Ramazan 194 ABM. See Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty Abramovich, Roman 93 Abyzov, Mikhail 110-11 administrative regime 10, 20-1, 23-4,27, 43-8, 50, 56, 59, 94-5,99,101,189, 195, 224-5, 231, 233, 244 compensates for 43 democracy is 56 divergence between 46 governance goals 231 independent bourgeoisie, rise of 44 legitimacy of 24 monocentric practices of 21 political accountability 225 power of 59, 231 rationality 233 regime-state 23 return of politics, 195 tutelary role of 10 Afghanistan 14,153,164, 174,178, 183, 186 AFK Sistema 93,106,108 Agency for Strategic Initiatives 110 Alekperov, Vagit 93 algorithmic governance 46, 52 Alikhanov, Anton 112 All Russia ( Vsya Rossiya) 19 All-Russian Centre for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) polling agency 128 All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (VKP(b)) 23 amoral familism 52 anomie concept 52 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty 154 anti-corruption issues 103 anti-Gazprom law 137 anti-hegemonic alignment 143,150,176 anti-Maidan groups 73 anti-religious extremism 190 APEC. See Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Arab Spring 86, 227, 238 Arashukov, Rauf 109 argumentative governance 46 ASEAN. See Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 174 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 143 Atatürk, Kemal 242 The Atlantic 184 authoritarian neoliberalism 79, 228 Auzan, Alexander 115,118,122-3 Avetisyan, Artem 110 Azarov, Dmitry 112 Bacon, Edwin 51 Bagehot, Walter 45 Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) 114 Baker,
James 159 ballistic missile defence (BMD) 165 Baltic Pipeline System 2 135 BAM. See Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) Banfield, Edward 52 Baring Vostok Capital Partners 110 Barkashov, Alexander 61
Barsukov, Mikhail 34 Bastrykin, Mikhail 101-2,104-5 Belarus 9,132,134-5,169,171,173,176, 178, 180, 232, 237 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 168 Belyaninov, Andrei 106,172 Belykh, Nikita 105-6,192-3 Berezovsky, Boris 35,116 Beria syndrome 108 Berlin Wall 3 Berlusconi, Silvio 44, 75 besieged fortress 197 bipolar model 219 BMD. See ballistic missile defence Bolshevik revolution 18, 39, 66-7, 69-70, 72, 222 Bonaparte, Louis 224 Borodin, Pavel 5 Bortnikov, Alexander 37 bourgeois rule 17,44,47, 51,70,93,98, 113, 220, 224, 226 Bratstvo (Brotherhood) pipeline system 134 Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) members 125 Brezhnev, Leonid 3, 11, 30, 75, 80, 84,198 BRI. See Belt and Road Initiative Bryza, Matthew 136 Brzeziński 167 business: across borders 171 bilateral 141 environment 95 factional balancing 94 government support for 190 merger 145 model of unification 150 Putin meeting with 139 quasi-feudal relationship 93 security matters into 35 small/medium sector 203 ‘raids’ by 20 technocratic style 80 tycoons 28 in United States 140 CAATSA. See Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act Calvey, Michael 110 308 INDEX captive nations 150 Cardin, Ben 139 CBR. See Central Bank of Russia (CBR) CEC. See Central Election Commission CEE. See Central and Eastern Europe Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) 137 Central Bank of Russia (CBR) 123,125, 129, 207 Central Election Commission (CEC) 191 Centre for Strategic Research (CSR) 33, 128-9, 207 CFE. See Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Chaika, Yuri 101,105,192 Chebankova, Elena 43, 53 Chechen war 6,14-15, 34,65,78,
99,147, 149,154 Chechenisation 63 Chechnya, Kadyrovite 6,19, 36,63-5,68, 197, 204,216, 240 Chekism 35 Chemezov, Sergei 111-12, 219 Cherkesov, Viktor 35 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 19 Chicherin, Boris 32 China 16, 21, 103,107,121-2,125,135-6, 143, 149-50, 157,164,167-8,171-84, 187,224,232,238,24 China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 179 Chubais, Anatoly 28, 34-5,61,126,222 Churov, Vladimir 191 CIS. See Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Civic Chamber 46-8, 53 Clinton, Bill 149,152 Clinton, Hillary 17, 36,149,152,168,178 CoE. See Council of Europe Cold War 1, 3,8,13, 16,81,136,139,142, 145,154,160-1, 163-4,168,181, 187-8,215, 237 post-Cold War 12-17, 85,146-52,1612, 184,215, 232 Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 155 colourrevolutions 70, 73,227 Committee for State Security (KGB) 2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 8,155
CSCE. See Conference on Security and communal apartment (kommunalka) 2 Cooperation in Europe communist revanche 19 CSTO. See Collective Security Treaty Communist Party of China (CPC) 183 Organisation Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 6,19,27-8, 38, 56, Danilevsky, Nikolai 39-40 60,67,88-9, 199-200, 211, 223, 238 DASKAA. See Defending American Communist Party of the Soviet Union Security from Kremlin Aggression (CPSU) 2,4, 8, 20, 23, 25, 99 Act 138,141,162 competitive coexistence 154 Davis, Christopher 124 Conference on Security and Cooperation Dawisha, Karen 99 in Europe (CSCE) 148 de Benoist, Alain 39 Congress of Peoples Deputies (CPD) 4-5, de Gaulle, Charles 151,215, 242 8, 25-6, 38 décommunisation 69, 72, 221 conjugation (sopryazhenie) 173 Defending American Security conservative-guardianship strategy 80 from Kremlin Aggression Act Contingent Reserve Arrangement (DASKAA) 141-2 (CRA) 176 Defending Elections from Threats Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) 14 by Establishing Redimes Act correlation of forces 157 (DETER) 141 Corruption: Delyagin, Mikhail 39 anti-corruption campaigner 33,76, 88, democracy: 103,198 and economic development 18, 51 meta-corruption 46,92-100, 96, 99formalities observed under Putin 7 101,192,194 imitation democracy 56 prosecutions 101 managed democracy 17 (Russian) Investigative Committee sovereign democracy 21-2, 56 (RIC) 104 Democracy: Development of the Russian security services 95 Model 32 venal 47, 95-96, 99,100, 192,194, democratic revolution 13, 27,70, 92, 221 231,235 democrats 26, 28, 141, 198 Corruption Perceptions Index
(CPI) 96 demokratizatsiya (démocratisation) 3 Council of Europe (CoE) 149 Den’ (The Day) 38 Countering Americas Adversaries through Deposit Insurance Agency 123 Sanctions Act (CAATSA) Deripaska, Oleg 35, 93,140 CPC. See Communist Party of China CPD. See Congress of People’s derzhavnik (great power defender) 61 Deputies (CPD) déstalinisation 69, 221 CPEC. See China-Pakistan Economic DETER. See Defending Elections from Corridor Threats by Establishing Redlines CPRF. See Communist Party of the Russian Act 141 Federation (CPRF) dialogue partner 175 CPSU. See Communist Party of the Soviet dirigiste democracy 21 Union (CPSU) dirigiste inflexion 42 CRA. See Contingent Reserve distributed denial of service (DDoS) Arrangement attacks 37 Crimea 36,41, 74, 77, 88, 93, 118,124, 126, doctoral (kandidatskaya) dissertation 5 159-60,168, 171,185,189,191,197, domestic security policy 37 202, 206,211,223 doomsday scenarios 161 crushing sanctions 141 dramaturgipa 47 INDEX 309
Druzhba (Friendship) oil pipeline 134-5 Drymanov, Alexander 104 dual state model 18, 32,44-52, 59-60, 82, 92,94, 109, 195, 220-1,224,233-4, 238-9, 241,244-6 duality. See dual state Dugin, Alexander 39,41, 242 Duma election 19, 27, 49, 76, 86-9,191, 205,212 Durov, Pavel 121-2 Dyumin, Alexei 220 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 69 East Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) line 136 Eastern Partnership (EaP) 151 Eckstein, Harry 52 economic liberals 31-3,107 Economic Security and Countering Corruption (GUEBiPK) 102 Economic Security Service (SEB) 101 economic statism 83 ECtHR. See European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) EDB. See Eurasian Development Bank elections: parliamentary election 6,17, 38,112, 204,217 presidential election 11,18-19, 28, 34, 49, 89, 92, 129, 140-1,190-1, 198-206 regional elections 192, 211 electoral system 87, 89 elites 10,20,46, 49, 69, 84-5,117, 199, 218, 222, 227, 241, 244 enlightened despotism model 46 era of stagnation (zastoi) 11 ESPO. See East Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) line ethics of responsibility 77 ethnogenesis 40 Eucken, Walter 114 eudaemonic trap 10 Eurasia 143, 147-8,167-8, 172-6, 178-81, 187 Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) 169 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 42,155, 167,168-75,181-3 310 INDEX Eurasian integration 41-2,143,157,167, 168-75,234 Eurasianists 26, 30-1, 39-42, 81,100,136, 151,168, 226-7 Europe and Humanity (1920) 39 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 110 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 61 European University in St Petersburg (EUSP) 74,103 Everyday Saints and Other Stories 11 Exodus to the East 39 faction 30-2, 36, 38-9, 77,
99-100, 105, 172,222 factional conflict 82,100-1,105, 245 factionalism 43, 60, 78, 81,100-112, 240 Fatherland (Otechestvo) party 19 Federal Customs Service (FCS) 106,172 Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) 109,195 Federal Security Service (FSB) 5, 7, 34-7, 69, 76, 80,93, 98-102, 104,106-7, 109,111, 121,142, 239 Federal Service for Drug Control (FSKN) 102 Federation Council (FC) 27,47,62,109 Fedorov, Valery 128 Felshtinsky, Yurii 199 Feoktistov, Oleg 102,107,109 fiat system 126 financial ‘laundromats’ 95 First Chief Directorate (PGU) 2 fiscal rule 133 foreign agents law 190 foreign direct investment (FDI) 110 fortuna 77 Foundation for the Struggle against Corruption (FBK) 33 Foundations of Geopolitics (Osnovy Geopolitika) 41 Fourth Political Theory 41 free trade area (FTA) 169 FSB. See Federal Security Service (FSB) FSKN. See Federal Service for Drug Control FTA. See free trade area
Fungal, Sergei 111 Furman, Dmitry 56 Gaaze, Konstantin 207,240-1 Gaidar, Yegor 19 Galeotti, Mark 94 GAZ. See Gorky Automobile Plant Gazprom 5, 86,98,109,134-5,137, 141,234 GDR. See German Democratic Republic (GDR) Georgia 13, 36,64,71,151-4 GEP. See Greater Eurasian Partnership German Democratic Republic (GDR) 3 Germany 7-8,13, 40,53,67, 71,103, 114,122,124,129,134-5,139,147, 152,172 Gessen, Masha 99 Gini coefficient 121 glasnost’ (openness) 3 Glazyev, Sergei 41,128-9 gold-backed currency 125,126,133 Golikova, Tatyana 207 Gorbachev, Mikhail 1, 3-4, 9,12-13,15, 25, 30, 33, 35, 65, 82, 86, 146-7,151, 159,163,181,230, 239,242 Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) 199 gosudarstvenniki 84 Graham, Lindsey 141 Gramsci, Antonio 43-4, 225-6 Great Patriotic War 7, 9 Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP) 167, 173,175-176, 180-1 Grossraum 41 Grudinin, Pavel 200, 204 guardianship tradition (okhraniteli) 34 Gudkov, Dmitry 196,199 Gumilev, Lev 40 Guriev, Sergei 119 Hahn, Gordon 197 Hale, Henry 45 Hamiltonian strategy 123 Hanson, Philip 97-8 Healey, Dan 87 Heartland 167 Hedlund, Stefan 53 Heidegger, Martin 41 Heilman, Joel 83 heterogeneous bloc 81 historic bloc 225 Hitler, Adolf 8,17, 67 Hobbesian model 54-5 Holocaust Memorial Day 186 Holodomor 8 horizontal forces 16,20, 24, 74, 78, 82-3, 127, 149,171, 181,216-17 Huntington, Samuel 18, 241 hybrid warfare 136,158 Ichkeria 6, 63 ICT. See information and communication technology ideational-interest groups 100 Ilyin, Ivan 65 IMF. See International Monetary Fund (IMF) information and communication technology (ICT) 209 informational autocracy 49 Inozemtsev,
Vladislav 198 Institute of Contemporary Development (Institut sovremmennogo razvitiya, INSOR) 32 Interior Security Department (USB) 102 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 125 internet service providers (ISPs) 121 intra-systemic factionalism 111-12, 234, 240 Ishaev, Viktor 111 ISPs. See internet service providers (ISPs) The Italian. See Kochuikov, Andrei Izborskii Klub 39 Izvestiya 80 Jinping, Xi 172, 182-3 Judaism 12 Jurgens, Igor 85 Kadyrov, Akhmad 63-5 Kalashov, Zakhariy (Shakro Molodoi, Young Shakro) 104 Karaganov, Sergei 143,180,183,187 Kashin, Oleg 197 Kasparov, Garry 34 katechon 55 Katusa, Marin 136 Kennedy, Paul 116 INDEX 311
KGB. See Committee for State Security (KGB) Khasbulatov, Ruslan 26 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 28, 32-3,46-7, 93, 100, 104, 107,192,237 Khorashavin, Aleksandr 106 Khudilainen, Alexander 89 Kirienko, Sergei 78,112, 211, 222 Kirill, Patriarch 11-12,103 Kirishi oil refinery 135 Kissinger, Henry 5,180-1 Klein, Naomi 60 kleptocracy 38, 93,134, 234, 239, 241 Knight, Amy 65, 201 Kochuikov, Andrei 104 Kogogin, Sergei 111 Kolesnikov, Boris 102 kommunalka 12 kompromat (compromising materials) 101 Konchalovsky, Andrei 17 kontraktniki 153 Kordonsky, Simon 29, 94 kormlenie (tax farming) 93 Korshunov, Oleg 109 Korzhakov, Alexander 34-5, 99 Kosovo 149,160,163 Kovalchuk, Mikhail 111-12 Kovalchuk, Yuri 112, 220 Kremlin 1-10, 17-19, 24, 27,43-4,48, 65, 69,71, 75, 78, 87-8, 92,109-110, 113114, 118, 121-2,129,139-41,150, 152-3, 183,185,190, 194, 201, 204-6, 217-18, 223,227, 232,241 Krym Nash (Crimea is Ours) 88 Kudrin, Alexei 32-3, 35, 74,128-9,131, 204, 207-10, 230 Kukly political puppet show 55 Kurginyan, Sergei 39 Kyrgyzstan 169-71,174,178 laissezfaire capitalism 114 Lamonov, Alexander 104 Lamelle, Marlene 31 Latynina, Yulia 103,216-17 Lavrov, Sergei 177 LDPR. See Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) legal populism 46 Legvold, Robert 160 312 INDEX Leontiev, Mikhail 39 Leontyev, Konstantin 40 Levchenko, Sergei 88 Leviathan 54-5,103 Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) 27,29, 38,56, 60,89, 111, 199-200, 238 liberal internationalist period 153 liberals. See individual entries limited-access orders 83,115 Litvinenko, Vladimir 5, 216 Liyuan, Peng 172 Lo, Bobo 183 logic of enlargement 1
Lokot, Anatoly 88 luck 77 Lukin, Alexander 96,178, 192 Luzhkov, Yuri 19 Machiavelli, Niccolo 77 Mackinder, Halford 167 mad printing press 75 mafiya, the 95 Magnitsky Act 44,138,143 Magnitsky, Sergei 44,101,138 Maidan revolution 151 Maksimenko, Mikhail 104-5 Malofeev, Konstantin 31 Manafort, Paul 140 Manturov, Denis 111-12, 207 manual management 17 Markin, Vladimir 104 Mathilda 191 May Decrees (2012) 132 (2018) 208-9 McCain, John 117 mechanical stability 59, 211, 213 media 19-20,25, 38, 39,49, 75-6, 102, 105, 122,156, 162,189,191,200, 203, 205, 212, 246 Medinsky, Vladimir 69,103 Medvedev, Dmitry 18, 21, 32-3, 39,44, 63, 82,85-7,95-6,100-3,105,107,1 ΙΟ Ι 1,120, 140, 154,192-3, 204, 207, 209, 218, 220, 225, 234,237-8, 240-4 changed governors 193 clash with Putin 85 condemned sanctions 140 defined evolutionary path 85 increased retirement age 209
liberal statist 33 modern reform 87 national humiliation 111 political reform 63 presidency 32,95-6,100-2, 240 prime minister 86,207 privatisationprogramme 107 Menendez, Bob 141 meso-factionalism 111 meta-corruption 46,92, 96, 99-101, 192,194 MFA. See Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mikhailov, Sergei 112 Military Doctrine 155 Millennium Manifesto 9 Miller, Alexei 67, 98 Milonov, Vitaly 74 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) 159 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) 35, 100,102,106 Mironenko, Sergei 74 Mironov, Ivan 61 Mobile TeleSystems (MTS) 108 modernisation programme 153 Modi, Narendra 179 modus vivendi 95 Monaghan, Andrew 160, 229-30 Mongol yoke 152 Moore, Barrington 113 Mordashov, Alexei 93 Moscow 3, 5-6, 8, 11,1219, 26, 30, 35, 3840, 55, 62-4, 67, 69,71,76, 88,103-6, 108, 118-19,133-6,143,148-9,154, 155, 157-8, 162-6,174, 176, 182, 184-7,196, 200, 204, 206,212, 218, 220, 223, 238, 240-1 Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES) 103 MSSES. See Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES) MTS. See Mobile TeleSystems (MTS) Mussolini, Benito 55, 244 Nabiullina, Elvira 125,207 NAM. See Non-Aligned Movement Napoleon III 55, 223, 224-5, 227 National Defence Strategy 164 National Economic Security Strategy to 2030 130 National Guard (NG, Rosgvardiya) 35-6 National Liberation Movement (NOD) 73 national patriots 38 National Security Strategy 155-6,164 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO-Russia Council (NRC) 14 Navalny, Alexei 33, 88-9, 96,105,190, 192-3, 195-200, 202, 205-6, 210, 212, 222 intention for Presidency 192-5 member of Yabloko 33 Moscow
mayoral election 88-9, 96, 105, 190, political competitiveness 196-206 sentence against 193 Nazarbayev, Nursultan 40,172,176 NDB. See New Development Bank neformaly (informal associations) 10 Nelyubov’ 103 Nemtsov, Boris 64, 217, 222 neo-containment policy 142 neo-Eurasianists 40 neo-Gorbachevite cycle 230 neo-isolationism 162 neo-mercantilism 162 neo-patrimonialism 44-57, 94, 98-9, 221 neo-revisionism 155 neo-traditionalists 14, 26, 31, 38-9, 43, 55-6, 71, 73, 83, 100, 200, 226-7, 230 New Development Bank (NDB) 173 New Economic Policy 143 New Eurasianists 41 new political thinking (NPT) 3 new realism strategy 154 New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 165 Nikandrov, Denis 104-5 Nikitin, Gleb 112 NOD. See National Liberation Movement (NOD) Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 150 normality 3, 55, 56, 60, 187,195, 244 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 12,13-14, 32, 36-7,142,147, 149,150,154,155-7, 159,160, 163, 165,185, 223 INDEX 313
North, Douglass 115 Novgorod, Nizhny 112,199-200, 208, 226 NPT. See new political thinking (NPT) NRC. See NATO-Russia Council OAK. See United Aircraft Corporation (OAK) Obama, Barack 138,152,164,184-6 obiter dicta 80 Oblast, Kemerovo 192 Oblast, Kirov 192 Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod 200 OBOR. See One Belt, One Road OCCRP.See Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) OCGs. See organised criminal groups (OCGs) ODIHR. See Office of Democratic Elections and Human Rights Office of Democratic Elections and Human Rights (ODIHR) 204 okhraniteli bloc 71 oligarchs 7,17, 20,26, 28, 33-5,43,45, 60, 83, 92-3, 98,113,116,131,139-41, 222, 230, 234-5, 242 Olimpieva, Irina 75 One Belt, One Road (OBOR) 168 OPEC. See Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries open-access orders 83,115 opposition 19, 27, 34, 60, 75, 76,86, 88-9, 134,158, 187,190,193,195-7,199203, 206,211-12,239 oprichnina 92 Orange Revolution in Ukraine 36, 48,150 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 204 Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 107,136 Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) 95 organised criminal groups (OCGs) 95,104 OSCE. See Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSK. See United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK) Otechestvo-Vsya Rossipa (OVR) 19 Ovsyannikov, Dmitry 112 314 INDEX PA. See Presidential Administration (PA) PACE. See Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe pacification 14, 54, 83,224 paleoliberals 114 Pamfilova, Ella 191-2 para-constitutionalism 47-8,92 parapolitics 48, 92 Parland, Thomas 38 Parliamentary Assembly
of the Council of Europe (PACE) 184 parliamentary election 6,17, 38,112, 204, 217 partial reform equilibrium 83,123 Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) 75 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) 15 Party gold 99 Pastukhov, Vladimir 20, 98,205 patronal politics 45, 47, 235 Patrushev, Nikolai 36-7,120 Pavlovsky, Gleb 43,64, 85,219, 240-1 payment versus payment (PVP) system 125 PCA. See Partnership and Cooperation Agreement perennial candidate 201 Perepilichny, Alexander 109 perestroika (restructuring) 3-4,10, 20, 25, 30, 33, 53, 67-8, 86,198,201 Permanent Joint Council (PJC) 14 Peskov, Dmitry 109 Philippe, Louis 224 Pichugin, Alexei 61 Pivovarov, Yuri 74 PJC. See Permanent Joint Council Plokhy, Serhii 43 Poklonskaya, Natalya 191 Poland 7-8, 134-6, 165-6 police 35, 68-9, 88,98,101,103 Politburo 2.0 219 political institutions 18, 32,47,49, 51, 59, 115,119 political parties 32,47, 56,192,199, 239 political prisoners 61, 73,97 Political Theology 60 Politics as a Vocation 77 Politkovskaya, Anna 64, 216 polycentrism 157
Pompeo, Mike 164 ponyatiya 23, 29,101 popular capitalism 123 populist 162 Potomsky, Vadim 88 power vertical 24, 54,101,109,219 PPP. See purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Prague Spring in 1968 30 preparation (podgotovka) 117 presidency 1,8,18, 20, 26, 27, 29, 32-3, 44-7, 63, 86-7, 95-6,100,154,187, 192-3,200,210, 234, 237, 240, 244 Presidential Administration (PA) 2 Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights 122 presidential election 11,18, 28, 34,49,89, 92,129,140-1,190-1,199-206 Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of Computer Attacks (GosSOPKA) 37 PRI. See Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) Pribylovsky, Vladimir 99 Primakov, Evgeny 19, 149-50,154, 215, 222 The Prince 77 private capitalism 122 profit-seeking model 83 Prokhanov, Alexander 38-9 Prokhorov, Mikhail 88,105, 200 Prosecutor Generals Office (PGO) 34 protests in 2011-12 88; 189,199 in 2018 206 in 2019 212 against electoral fraud 154; 196 anti-corruption 76 electoral fraud 36, 73 fraud and ballot stuffing 86 on social issues 210 social and political 195 social media and 212-13 street 122 protest movement 63,195, 198 Pukhly (Pudgy) 109 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms 124-5 Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich 2 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich 2018 election 198-206 abolition of direct elections 62-3 about 2 adherence to two presidential terms 1 anti-revolution 70-6 as deputy head of PA 5 as deputy mayor 2,4, 7 as international affairs advisor 4 and past 65-70 as prime minister 6,19 Asian gambit 180-5 authoritarianism 12 came to power 99 campaigning 203 centrism 34, 77
challenges of 206-13 complex political identity 1 confrontation era 158-66 cronies 239 cult of personality 55 democracy paradox 16-22 de-offshorisation campaign 96,109 derangement syndrome 215 desegmentation 62 energy superpower 153 faction manager 77 factional spectrum 31 financial crisis 117-18 foreign policy concept 155-6 fourth term 185-95 FSB head 5 heartland strategy 167-74 heir-apparent to Yeltsin 11 improve labour productivity 132 in GDR 3 industrial strategy 117 KGB service 2-5, 7 kommunalka to the Kremlin 1-6 Kremlin official responsible for the regions 1-6 labour productivity 132 leadership strategy 11, 77-8; 185 maintenance of dominant political party 75 maximising natural resources 5 Munich Security Conference (2007) 151 oligarch capitalism 113,116 INDEX 315
ordoliberalism 114 organised religion and 11 paradoxes of stability system 80 people 215-20 peripheral authoritarianism 24 personality cult 78 phenomenon 215-20 political personality 7-8 post-Atlantic world 175-80 post-Cold War era 12 power 215-20 presidential campaign 111 problem of ideology 79 pro-natalist policies 126 public-private partnership 118 Putinite vertical of power’ 20 reform plans 116-17 regime reset 191 relationship with EU 158 restoring financial stability 123 retirement age 132 return to politics 195-8 rule as eclectic mix of systems 11 on Russia’s development as democratic state 9 secretary to the Security Council 2 security strategy 155 social market economy 114 social responsibility 118 stability system 56 stability-focused regime management 114-15 statecraft 31, 77-8 statist capitalism 119 strategy 229-32 struggle against terrorism 14 success in parliamentary election (December 1999) 6 Ukrainian authorities 12 understanding of politics 79 weakening of balancing act 111 winds of change 185-98 Putina, Maria Ivanovna 2 Putinisation of energy thesis 136 Putinism: consensus 226 defender of international status 82 domestic politics 82-3 dual state 59 316 INDEX exception 60 factional model 82 four great ‘blocs’ 81 hegemonic system 60 horizontal structure 83 inertial motion 81 micro-factionalism 234 paradoxes 233-46 post-communist social transformation 60 powering 132-8 predominance of single group 81 rule 234 social contract 82-3 sovereignty 59 stability system 83 stable equilibrium 82 stasis 81-4 succession 236-46 tutelary system 83 vertical of power 82
Putnam, Robert 52 PVP. See ‘payment versus payment’ (PVP) system quasi-feudal relationship 93 radical liberals 33-4, 127,150 raiding (reiderstvo) 96-7, 99,115-16, 127,217 ratio decidendi 80 RCEP. See Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Realpolitik approach 42 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) 173 regional elections 192, 211 Reiderstvo 97-8 rent managers 97 rent-extraction model 83 rent-management system 83,116,124,129 resilience 80, 120,130,133,142-3 Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 156 revisionist powers 164 Robinson, Neil 50,115 ROC. See Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) Rocher, Yves 193 Rogozin, Dmitry 207
Roizman, Evgeny 88-9 rokirovka 85-6, 207 Romanova, Olga 103 Rose Revolution in Georgia 36, 71 Roskomnadzor 121-2 Rosneft 5, 93,98,100-1,106-8, 217, 234, 244-5 Rossiiskii 40 Rostec (Rostekhnologii) 111-12,115,195, 226, 234 Rotenberg, Arkady 93,98, 195, 220 RSFSR. See Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) Rumyantsev, Alexander 111 Russia: banking system in 123 banning banks 141 bourgeois entrepreneurs 113 budget revenue 132-3 civil society 51-2 constitutional coup 26 constitutional crisis 26 digital revolution challenges 121 dirigiste strategies 120 duality 44-51 economic gap challenge 122-3 energy issue 134 European energy relations 136 failure of ideas 84 foreign agents 54 foreign funding 54 foreign policy 145,151-8 gas transport 134 GDP 119,125 global 185-8 gold reserves 125 heartland policy 143 independence 25 interlocking network 24 managed capitalism 114 media control 76 memorial attack 69 meta-factions 29-44 model 117 national champions 117,126 national identity 100 NGOs 53-4 oil prices 133 path dependency problem 119 politics in post-cold war era 16 politics of exception 63 post-cold war orders 146-51 post-communist practices 25,114 post-revolutionary demobilisation 76 property rights 113 reform 51-7 regime-state 23-9 rent in 121 rent-management system 116 sanctions imposed on 124,130-1 Saudi Arabia, coordination between 133 security services 122 social capital theory 52 state security 117 strategic partnership with 15 structural reforms in 126 student activism 76 two political systems 47 using sovereign fund 124 without Putin 242-6 Russia and Europe
(1869) 39 Russia at the Turn of the Millennium 9 Russian Declaration of State Sovereignty 8 Russian Far East (RFE) 111 Russian Investigative Committee (RIC) 34 Russian new right 38 Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) 11,31, 67, 87, 242 Russian Popular Front (Obshcherossiiskii narodnyi front, ONF) 48-9 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) 25 Russian spring 86 Russian system (Russkaya sistema) 53 Russian World (Russkii Mir) 160 Russkii 40 Russkii Mir (Russian World) 41 Russo-Atlantic relations 13 Russophobia 150 Russo-Western relations 150 Rutskoi, Alexander 26 Ryabkov, Sergei 177 Ryzhkov, Vladimir 202 Saakashvili, Mikheil 71, 203 sacred lands 194 Salye, Marina 5 INDEX 317
Sarkisyan, Tigran 169 Sauer, Derk 75 Schlosberg, Lev 88 Schmitt, Carl 59 Schulman, Yekaterina 241 SCO. See Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Sechin, Igor 86, 93, 98,100-2, 106-8, 217, 219-20, 240, 244 Second Cold War 12,142,145-6 securitisation 136 security service (siloviki): against opponents 237 factions 240 FSB 106 internet freedom 49, 211 mission to defend country 100 modern investigation methods 122 powerful force 98-9 SEB 101 war 240 SEEC. See Supreme Eurasian Economic Council Serebrennikov, Kirill 103 Shaimiev, Mintimir 19 Shakhrai, Sergei 5 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 143, 150, 173,175-6,178,181,183 Shanin, Teodor 103 Shaninka. See MSSES Shevardnadze, Edward 71 Shevchenko, Maksim 39 Shirshina, Irina 88-9 Shlyapuzhnikov, Alexei 106 Shmeleva, Elena 111 shock absorber 169 shock doctrine 60 Shoigu, Sergei 220 Shport, Vyacheslav 111 Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) 168 siloviki bloc 34-8,43, 69,81, 95, 98,100, 107, 109, 111,191,227,237,240 sistema 24, 47, 53-4, 93,106,108, 231 small- and medium-enterprise (SME) sector 119 SME. See small- and medium-enterprise (SME) sector Sobchak, Anatoly 4-5, 79,196, 201-2, 205 Sobchak, Ksenia 196, 201-2, 205 318 INDEX social contract 10, 54-5, 82-3, 93,114,127, 210, 222 social control (supervision) 53 social liberals 32-3 SOEs. See state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Solntsevskaya Bratva (Solntsevo Brotherhood) 104 Soskovets, Oleg 34 Sovereign Wealth Fund 124-5,230-4 Soviet Union Cold War and 8 collapse (krushenie) 9,11,17-18, 24, 26, 38, 40, 51-2, 97, 99,109,124,153, 164,186, 200, 212, 221-2,232, 243 dissolution of 8-9 Germany’s
invasion of 7 Gorbachev’s attempts to hold 9 regime legitimacy 10 velvet revolutions 8 special path (Sonderweg) 42 spetsinformatsiya(techmcal information) system 124 spiritual values 194 SPS. See Union of Right Forces SREB. See Silk Road Economic Belt Sretensky Monastery 11, 69, 220 Stalin, Joseph 8, 23-4, 37, 55, 68-9, 71-2, 198,222, 242 Stalinism 68-70, 72 Starikov, Nikolai 39 START. See New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty stasis 31, 51, 81-4 state: fragmentation 32 prerogative state 245 state capitalism 122-3 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 119 stoligarchs 98,116 Stone, Oliver 3-4,7 strategic atrophy 164 strategic partners 185 Strategy 2010 116-17 Strategy 2020 reform plan 118,127 Strelkov (Girkin), Igor 197 Studin, Irvin 46 Sugrobov, Denis 102-3 Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEE C) 169
Surkov, Vladislav 21, 31, 56,78, 85,110-11, 199, 242 aligned with Medvedev 85 democratic statist 56 domestic political affairs 78,111 head of domestic affairs 21 new type of state 242 normality in Russia 56 Russian politics 242 sovereign democracy 31, 56 years of solitude 242 Taibbi, Matt 215 Talbott, Strobe 149 Taylor, Brian 216 Telegram 121-2 TEN. See Trans-Europe Network (TEN) TER See Third Energy Package (TEP) terrorism 14, 37,141,151, 164,179 Third Energy Package (TEP) 136 Third state administrative rents 97 corruption 95-7 deep state 92,95 dual state 94 dualism 92 Duma elections 89 factional balancing 94 gubernatorial elections 92 power system 99 regime system 85-92, 94 rent management system 94 security apparatus 93 security forces role 98 social contract 93 stability system 99 upper and underworld 94 Tikhon, Bishop 11, 220 Tillerson, Rex 106,139 Timchenko, Gennady 54, 98, 220 Titov, Boris 129, 131, 201, 205 Tocquevillean myth 54 Tokaev, Kassym-Jomart 237 Toloraya, Georgy 177 traditional values 194 Trans-Europe Network (TEN) 135 transformation 1, 12,13,14,15,146,147, 148, 151 Travin, Dmitry 34 Trudolyubov, Maksim 92,113 Tuapse oil refinery 244 Tulip Revolution 36 Turkmenistan 134,174 Tusk, Donald 136 Uchitel, Alexei 191 Ukraine 8-9,11-13, 36,43, 48,71, 73-4, 78,89, 96, 124, 134-8, 151, 153-4, 159-61,163, 169, 174-5, 185, 187, 197,210,223 Ulyukaev, Alexei 107-9, 217, 240 Union of Right Forces (SPS) 105 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) 8-9, 13, 23, 34, 65, 71, 124, 154,172, 181,197, 229 United Aircraft Corporation (OAK) 117 United Nations Security Council
(UNSC) 9,149,155,163,179 United Russia 20, 38,161 creation 20, 38 United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK) 117 United States: adoption of Russian children 44 bilateral summit cancellation 141 Moscow bombings 63 Magnitsky Act 44 oil and gas industries 136 and Russia 126,167, 202 Unityö, 19 UNSC. See United Nations Security Council Urlashov, Evgeny 88-9 Usmanov, Alisher 121, 219 USSR. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Ստէ-Luga oil terminal 135 Vader, Darth 106 Vaino, Anton 111-12, 220 value-added tax (VAT) 209 VAT. See value-added tax venal corruption 96, 99-100, 192,194 virtual politics 47 virtual private networks (VPN) 37,122 VKontakte (VK) 121 Volodin, Vyacheslav 2,44, 75, 78, 88-9, 111-12, 191, 194,217 INDEX 319
Voloshin, Alexander 35 vory v zakone (thieves in law) 94 VPN. See virtual private network (VPN) services Wall of Sorrow 69-70 war weariness 209 web anonymisers 37 Weber, Max 46, 77 Weimar Russia 53 West Germany 134 Westernisers 30 Wood, Tony 69, 236 World Trade Organisation (WTO) 118 WTO. See World Trade Organisation (WTO) Yabloko party 24, 27, 33, 56,60, 88-90, 191-2,196-7,199, 201 Yakovlev, Vladimir 4-5, 80 Yakunin, Vladimir 31 Yalta and Potsdam agreements of 1945 8 Yamal-Europe gas pipeline 134 Yanov, Alexander 53 Yarovaya, Irina 121,192 Yavlinsky, Grigory 24-5, 33,192,199, 201-2, 205 Ґ 320 INDEX Yeltsin, Boris 1,4-8,10,12,15-16,18-21, 24-8, 33, 35, 38,40,43-6,52, 60, 623, 85,92,106,113,116,145, 147,149, 163,198,200, 202, 220,222, 237-8, 240,242 Yevtushenkov, Vladimir 106 Yew, Lee Kuan 237 young technocrats 194 Yukos oil company 28, 32,46-7, 61, 78,83, 100,104,116,126, 222, 233, 241 Yumashev, Valentin 34 Zakharchenko, Dmitry 106 Zavtra (Tomorrow) 38 zemshchina state 92 zero-sum strategy 14 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 27, 38, 199-200,204-5 Zinichev,Yevgeny 220 Zolotov, Viktor 36,102 Zubov, Andrei 74 Zudin, Alexei 20 Zvyagintsev, Andrei 103-4 Zygar, Mikhail 43, 231 Zyuganov, Gennady 6,18-19, 27-8, 199-201 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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CONTENTS Ստէ of Tables ix Preface x Acknowledgements xiv List of Abbreviations xv 1 PUTIN AND HIS TIMES 1 From kommunalka to the Kremlin 1 The many Putins 6 The post-Cold War context 12 The democracy paradox 16 2 STATE, SOCIETY AND REGIME 23 The birth of the regime-state 24 The meta-factions of Russian society 29 The dual state and neo-patrimonialism 44 Reform, transition and beyond 51 3 PUTIN AND POLITICS 59 The state of exception and regionalism 59 Putin and the past 65 Anti-revolution as a political practice 70 Putin’s statecraft 76 Stasis, or the developmental impasse 81 4 POLITICS AND THE THIRD STATE Regime reset 85 The third state and meta-corruption 92 The third state and micro-factionalism 100
5 MANAGED CAPITALISM из State and market 114 Economic performance and plans 123 Powering Putinism 132 Sanctions and their effect 138 6 FROM PARTNER TO ADVERSARY: RUSSIA AND THE WEST 145 The clash of post-Cold War world orders 146 The logic of Russian foreign policy 152 A new era of confrontation 158 7 RECREATING THE HEARTLAND: EURASIAN PARTNERSHIPS 167 Eurasian integration In perspective 168 The post-Atlantic world 175 Putin’s Asian gambit: Escape from confrontation? 180 Global Russia 185 8 THE WINDS OF CHANGE 189 Towards Putin’s fourth term 189 The return of politics 195 The 2018 presidential election 198 Challenges of Putin’s fourth term 206 9 THE PUTIN PHENOMENON 215 Putin's people and power 215 Is Putin an ism? 220 Putin’s grand strategy 229 10 PARADOXES OF PUTINISM When success means failure 234 Towards the succession 236 Russia without Putin 242 Notes 247 Bibliography 283 Index 307 VIII CONTENTS 233
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INDEX 21st Century Russia: The Shape of a Desirable Future 32 Abdullatipov, Ramazan 194 ABM. See Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty Abramovich, Roman 93 Abyzov, Mikhail 110-11 administrative regime 10, 20-1, 23-4,27, 43-8, 50, 56, 59, 94-5,99,101,189, 195, 224-5, 231, 233, 244 compensates for 43 democracy is 56 divergence between 46 governance goals 231 independent bourgeoisie, rise of 44 legitimacy of 24 monocentric practices of 21 political accountability 225 power of 59, 231 rationality 233 regime-state 23 return of politics, 195 tutelary role of 10 Afghanistan 14,153,164, 174,178, 183, 186 AFK Sistema 93,106,108 Agency for Strategic Initiatives 110 Alekperov, Vagit 93 algorithmic governance 46, 52 Alikhanov, Anton 112 All Russia ( Vsya Rossiya) 19 All-Russian Centre for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) polling agency 128 All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (VKP(b)) 23 amoral familism 52 anomie concept 52 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty 154 anti-corruption issues 103 anti-Gazprom law 137 anti-hegemonic alignment 143,150,176 anti-Maidan groups 73 anti-religious extremism 190 APEC. See Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Arab Spring 86, 227, 238 Arashukov, Rauf 109 argumentative governance 46 ASEAN. See Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 174 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 143 Atatürk, Kemal 242 The Atlantic 184 authoritarian neoliberalism 79, 228 Auzan, Alexander 115,118,122-3 Avetisyan, Artem 110 Azarov, Dmitry 112 Bacon, Edwin 51 Bagehot, Walter 45 Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) 114 Baker,
James 159 ballistic missile defence (BMD) 165 Baltic Pipeline System 2 135 BAM. See Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) Banfield, Edward 52 Baring Vostok Capital Partners 110 Barkashov, Alexander 61
Barsukov, Mikhail 34 Bastrykin, Mikhail 101-2,104-5 Belarus 9,132,134-5,169,171,173,176, 178, 180, 232, 237 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 168 Belyaninov, Andrei 106,172 Belykh, Nikita 105-6,192-3 Berezovsky, Boris 35,116 Beria syndrome 108 Berlin Wall 3 Berlusconi, Silvio 44, 75 besieged fortress 197 bipolar model 219 BMD. See ballistic missile defence Bolshevik revolution 18, 39, 66-7, 69-70, 72, 222 Bonaparte, Louis 224 Borodin, Pavel 5 Bortnikov, Alexander 37 bourgeois rule 17,44,47, 51,70,93,98, 113, 220, 224, 226 Bratstvo (Brotherhood) pipeline system 134 Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) members 125 Brezhnev, Leonid 3, 11, 30, 75, 80, 84,198 BRI. See Belt and Road Initiative Bryza, Matthew 136 Brzeziński 167 business: across borders 171 bilateral 141 environment 95 factional balancing 94 government support for 190 merger 145 model of unification 150 Putin meeting with 139 quasi-feudal relationship 93 security matters into 35 small/medium sector 203 ‘raids’ by 20 technocratic style 80 tycoons 28 in United States 140 CAATSA. See Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act Calvey, Michael 110 308 INDEX captive nations 150 Cardin, Ben 139 CBR. See Central Bank of Russia (CBR) CEC. See Central Election Commission CEE. See Central and Eastern Europe Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) 137 Central Bank of Russia (CBR) 123,125, 129, 207 Central Election Commission (CEC) 191 Centre for Strategic Research (CSR) 33, 128-9, 207 CFE. See Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Chaika, Yuri 101,105,192 Chebankova, Elena 43, 53 Chechen war 6,14-15, 34,65,78,
99,147, 149,154 Chechenisation 63 Chechnya, Kadyrovite 6,19, 36,63-5,68, 197, 204,216, 240 Chekism 35 Chemezov, Sergei 111-12, 219 Cherkesov, Viktor 35 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 19 Chicherin, Boris 32 China 16, 21, 103,107,121-2,125,135-6, 143, 149-50, 157,164,167-8,171-84, 187,224,232,238,24 China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 179 Chubais, Anatoly 28, 34-5,61,126,222 Churov, Vladimir 191 CIS. See Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Civic Chamber 46-8, 53 Clinton, Bill 149,152 Clinton, Hillary 17, 36,149,152,168,178 CoE. See Council of Europe Cold War 1, 3,8,13, 16,81,136,139,142, 145,154,160-1, 163-4,168,181, 187-8,215, 237 post-Cold War 12-17, 85,146-52,1612, 184,215, 232 Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 155 colourrevolutions 70, 73,227 Committee for State Security (KGB) 2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 8,155
CSCE. See Conference on Security and communal apartment (kommunalka) 2 Cooperation in Europe communist revanche 19 CSTO. See Collective Security Treaty Communist Party of China (CPC) 183 Organisation Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 6,19,27-8, 38, 56, Danilevsky, Nikolai 39-40 60,67,88-9, 199-200, 211, 223, 238 DASKAA. See Defending American Communist Party of the Soviet Union Security from Kremlin Aggression (CPSU) 2,4, 8, 20, 23, 25, 99 Act 138,141,162 competitive coexistence 154 Davis, Christopher 124 Conference on Security and Cooperation Dawisha, Karen 99 in Europe (CSCE) 148 de Benoist, Alain 39 Congress of Peoples Deputies (CPD) 4-5, de Gaulle, Charles 151,215, 242 8, 25-6, 38 décommunisation 69, 72, 221 conjugation (sopryazhenie) 173 Defending American Security conservative-guardianship strategy 80 from Kremlin Aggression Act Contingent Reserve Arrangement (DASKAA) 141-2 (CRA) 176 Defending Elections from Threats Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) 14 by Establishing Redimes Act correlation of forces 157 (DETER) 141 Corruption: Delyagin, Mikhail 39 anti-corruption campaigner 33,76, 88, democracy: 103,198 and economic development 18, 51 meta-corruption 46,92-100, 96, 99formalities observed under Putin 7 101,192,194 imitation democracy 56 prosecutions 101 managed democracy 17 (Russian) Investigative Committee sovereign democracy 21-2, 56 (RIC) 104 Democracy: Development of the Russian security services 95 Model 32 venal 47, 95-96, 99,100, 192,194, democratic revolution 13, 27,70, 92, 221 231,235 democrats 26, 28, 141, 198 Corruption Perceptions Index
(CPI) 96 demokratizatsiya (démocratisation) 3 Council of Europe (CoE) 149 Den’ (The Day) 38 Countering Americas Adversaries through Deposit Insurance Agency 123 Sanctions Act (CAATSA) Deripaska, Oleg 35, 93,140 CPC. See Communist Party of China CPD. See Congress of People’s derzhavnik (great power defender) 61 Deputies (CPD) déstalinisation 69, 221 CPEC. See China-Pakistan Economic DETER. See Defending Elections from Corridor Threats by Establishing Redlines CPRF. See Communist Party of the Russian Act 141 Federation (CPRF) dialogue partner 175 CPSU. See Communist Party of the Soviet dirigiste democracy 21 Union (CPSU) dirigiste inflexion 42 CRA. See Contingent Reserve distributed denial of service (DDoS) Arrangement attacks 37 Crimea 36,41, 74, 77, 88, 93, 118,124, 126, doctoral (kandidatskaya) dissertation 5 159-60,168, 171,185,189,191,197, domestic security policy 37 202, 206,211,223 doomsday scenarios 161 crushing sanctions 141 dramaturgipa 47 INDEX 309
Druzhba (Friendship) oil pipeline 134-5 Drymanov, Alexander 104 dual state model 18, 32,44-52, 59-60, 82, 92,94, 109, 195, 220-1,224,233-4, 238-9, 241,244-6 duality. See dual state Dugin, Alexander 39,41, 242 Duma election 19, 27, 49, 76, 86-9,191, 205,212 Durov, Pavel 121-2 Dyumin, Alexei 220 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 69 East Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) line 136 Eastern Partnership (EaP) 151 Eckstein, Harry 52 economic liberals 31-3,107 Economic Security and Countering Corruption (GUEBiPK) 102 Economic Security Service (SEB) 101 economic statism 83 ECtHR. See European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) EDB. See Eurasian Development Bank elections: parliamentary election 6,17, 38,112, 204,217 presidential election 11,18-19, 28, 34, 49, 89, 92, 129, 140-1,190-1, 198-206 regional elections 192, 211 electoral system 87, 89 elites 10,20,46, 49, 69, 84-5,117, 199, 218, 222, 227, 241, 244 enlightened despotism model 46 era of stagnation (zastoi) 11 ESPO. See East Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) line ethics of responsibility 77 ethnogenesis 40 Eucken, Walter 114 eudaemonic trap 10 Eurasia 143, 147-8,167-8, 172-6, 178-81, 187 Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) 169 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 42,155, 167,168-75,181-3 310 INDEX Eurasian integration 41-2,143,157,167, 168-75,234 Eurasianists 26, 30-1, 39-42, 81,100,136, 151,168, 226-7 Europe and Humanity (1920) 39 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 110 European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 61 European University in St Petersburg (EUSP) 74,103 Everyday Saints and Other Stories 11 Exodus to the East 39 faction 30-2, 36, 38-9, 77,
99-100, 105, 172,222 factional conflict 82,100-1,105, 245 factionalism 43, 60, 78, 81,100-112, 240 Fatherland (Otechestvo) party 19 Federal Customs Service (FCS) 106,172 Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) 109,195 Federal Security Service (FSB) 5, 7, 34-7, 69, 76, 80,93, 98-102, 104,106-7, 109,111, 121,142, 239 Federal Service for Drug Control (FSKN) 102 Federation Council (FC) 27,47,62,109 Fedorov, Valery 128 Felshtinsky, Yurii 199 Feoktistov, Oleg 102,107,109 fiat system 126 financial ‘laundromats’ 95 First Chief Directorate (PGU) 2 fiscal rule 133 foreign agents law 190 foreign direct investment (FDI) 110 fortuna 77 Foundation for the Struggle against Corruption (FBK) 33 Foundations of Geopolitics (Osnovy Geopolitika) 41 Fourth Political Theory 41 free trade area (FTA) 169 FSB. See Federal Security Service (FSB) FSKN. See Federal Service for Drug Control FTA. See free trade area
Fungal, Sergei 111 Furman, Dmitry 56 Gaaze, Konstantin 207,240-1 Gaidar, Yegor 19 Galeotti, Mark 94 GAZ. See Gorky Automobile Plant Gazprom 5, 86,98,109,134-5,137, 141,234 GDR. See German Democratic Republic (GDR) Georgia 13, 36,64,71,151-4 GEP. See Greater Eurasian Partnership German Democratic Republic (GDR) 3 Germany 7-8,13, 40,53,67, 71,103, 114,122,124,129,134-5,139,147, 152,172 Gessen, Masha 99 Gini coefficient 121 glasnost’ (openness) 3 Glazyev, Sergei 41,128-9 gold-backed currency 125,126,133 Golikova, Tatyana 207 Gorbachev, Mikhail 1, 3-4, 9,12-13,15, 25, 30, 33, 35, 65, 82, 86, 146-7,151, 159,163,181,230, 239,242 Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) 199 gosudarstvenniki 84 Graham, Lindsey 141 Gramsci, Antonio 43-4, 225-6 Great Patriotic War 7, 9 Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP) 167, 173,175-176, 180-1 Grossraum 41 Grudinin, Pavel 200, 204 guardianship tradition (okhraniteli) 34 Gudkov, Dmitry 196,199 Gumilev, Lev 40 Guriev, Sergei 119 Hahn, Gordon 197 Hale, Henry 45 Hamiltonian strategy 123 Hanson, Philip 97-8 Healey, Dan 87 Heartland 167 Hedlund, Stefan 53 Heidegger, Martin 41 Heilman, Joel 83 heterogeneous bloc 81 historic bloc 225 Hitler, Adolf 8,17, 67 Hobbesian model 54-5 Holocaust Memorial Day 186 Holodomor 8 horizontal forces 16,20, 24, 74, 78, 82-3, 127, 149,171, 181,216-17 Huntington, Samuel 18, 241 hybrid warfare 136,158 Ichkeria 6, 63 ICT. See information and communication technology ideational-interest groups 100 Ilyin, Ivan 65 IMF. See International Monetary Fund (IMF) information and communication technology (ICT) 209 informational autocracy 49 Inozemtsev,
Vladislav 198 Institute of Contemporary Development (Institut sovremmennogo razvitiya, INSOR) 32 Interior Security Department (USB) 102 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 125 internet service providers (ISPs) 121 intra-systemic factionalism 111-12, 234, 240 Ishaev, Viktor 111 ISPs. See internet service providers (ISPs) The Italian. See Kochuikov, Andrei Izborskii Klub 39 Izvestiya 80 Jinping, Xi 172, 182-3 Judaism 12 Jurgens, Igor 85 Kadyrov, Akhmad 63-5 Kalashov, Zakhariy (Shakro Molodoi, Young Shakro) 104 Karaganov, Sergei 143,180,183,187 Kashin, Oleg 197 Kasparov, Garry 34 katechon 55 Katusa, Marin 136 Kennedy, Paul 116 INDEX 311
KGB. See Committee for State Security (KGB) Khasbulatov, Ruslan 26 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 28, 32-3,46-7, 93, 100, 104, 107,192,237 Khorashavin, Aleksandr 106 Khudilainen, Alexander 89 Kirienko, Sergei 78,112, 211, 222 Kirill, Patriarch 11-12,103 Kirishi oil refinery 135 Kissinger, Henry 5,180-1 Klein, Naomi 60 kleptocracy 38, 93,134, 234, 239, 241 Knight, Amy 65, 201 Kochuikov, Andrei 104 Kogogin, Sergei 111 Kolesnikov, Boris 102 kommunalka 12 kompromat (compromising materials) 101 Konchalovsky, Andrei 17 kontraktniki 153 Kordonsky, Simon 29, 94 kormlenie (tax farming) 93 Korshunov, Oleg 109 Korzhakov, Alexander 34-5, 99 Kosovo 149,160,163 Kovalchuk, Mikhail 111-12 Kovalchuk, Yuri 112, 220 Kremlin 1-10, 17-19, 24, 27,43-4,48, 65, 69,71, 75, 78, 87-8, 92,109-110, 113114, 118, 121-2,129,139-41,150, 152-3, 183,185,190, 194, 201, 204-6, 217-18, 223,227, 232,241 Krym Nash (Crimea is Ours) 88 Kudrin, Alexei 32-3, 35, 74,128-9,131, 204, 207-10, 230 Kukly political puppet show 55 Kurginyan, Sergei 39 Kyrgyzstan 169-71,174,178 laissezfaire capitalism 114 Lamonov, Alexander 104 Lamelle, Marlene 31 Latynina, Yulia 103,216-17 Lavrov, Sergei 177 LDPR. See Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) legal populism 46 Legvold, Robert 160 312 INDEX Leontiev, Mikhail 39 Leontyev, Konstantin 40 Levchenko, Sergei 88 Leviathan 54-5,103 Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) 27,29, 38,56, 60,89, 111, 199-200, 238 liberal internationalist period 153 liberals. See individual entries limited-access orders 83,115 Litvinenko, Vladimir 5, 216 Liyuan, Peng 172 Lo, Bobo 183 logic of enlargement 1
Lokot, Anatoly 88 luck 77 Lukin, Alexander 96,178, 192 Luzhkov, Yuri 19 Machiavelli, Niccolo 77 Mackinder, Halford 167 mad printing press 75 mafiya, the 95 Magnitsky Act 44,138,143 Magnitsky, Sergei 44,101,138 Maidan revolution 151 Maksimenko, Mikhail 104-5 Malofeev, Konstantin 31 Manafort, Paul 140 Manturov, Denis 111-12, 207 manual management 17 Markin, Vladimir 104 Mathilda 191 May Decrees (2012) 132 (2018) 208-9 McCain, John 117 mechanical stability 59, 211, 213 media 19-20,25, 38, 39,49, 75-6, 102, 105, 122,156, 162,189,191,200, 203, 205, 212, 246 Medinsky, Vladimir 69,103 Medvedev, Dmitry 18, 21, 32-3, 39,44, 63, 82,85-7,95-6,100-3,105,107,1 ΙΟ Ι 1,120, 140, 154,192-3, 204, 207, 209, 218, 220, 225, 234,237-8, 240-4 changed governors 193 clash with Putin 85 condemned sanctions 140 defined evolutionary path 85 increased retirement age 209
liberal statist 33 modern reform 87 national humiliation 111 political reform 63 presidency 32,95-6,100-2, 240 prime minister 86,207 privatisationprogramme 107 Menendez, Bob 141 meso-factionalism 111 meta-corruption 46,92, 96, 99-101, 192,194 MFA. See Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mikhailov, Sergei 112 Military Doctrine 155 Millennium Manifesto 9 Miller, Alexei 67, 98 Milonov, Vitaly 74 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) 159 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) 35, 100,102,106 Mironenko, Sergei 74 Mironov, Ivan 61 Mobile TeleSystems (MTS) 108 modernisation programme 153 Modi, Narendra 179 modus vivendi 95 Monaghan, Andrew 160, 229-30 Mongol yoke 152 Moore, Barrington 113 Mordashov, Alexei 93 Moscow 3, 5-6, 8, 11,1219, 26, 30, 35, 3840, 55, 62-4, 67, 69,71,76, 88,103-6, 108, 118-19,133-6,143,148-9,154, 155, 157-8, 162-6,174, 176, 182, 184-7,196, 200, 204, 206,212, 218, 220, 223, 238, 240-1 Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES) 103 MSSES. See Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES) MTS. See Mobile TeleSystems (MTS) Mussolini, Benito 55, 244 Nabiullina, Elvira 125,207 NAM. See Non-Aligned Movement Napoleon III 55, 223, 224-5, 227 National Defence Strategy 164 National Economic Security Strategy to 2030 130 National Guard (NG, Rosgvardiya) 35-6 National Liberation Movement (NOD) 73 national patriots 38 National Security Strategy 155-6,164 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO-Russia Council (NRC) 14 Navalny, Alexei 33, 88-9, 96,105,190, 192-3, 195-200, 202, 205-6, 210, 212, 222 intention for Presidency 192-5 member of Yabloko 33 Moscow
mayoral election 88-9, 96, 105, 190, political competitiveness 196-206 sentence against 193 Nazarbayev, Nursultan 40,172,176 NDB. See New Development Bank neformaly (informal associations) 10 Nelyubov’ 103 Nemtsov, Boris 64, 217, 222 neo-containment policy 142 neo-Eurasianists 40 neo-Gorbachevite cycle 230 neo-isolationism 162 neo-mercantilism 162 neo-patrimonialism 44-57, 94, 98-9, 221 neo-revisionism 155 neo-traditionalists 14, 26, 31, 38-9, 43, 55-6, 71, 73, 83, 100, 200, 226-7, 230 New Development Bank (NDB) 173 New Economic Policy 143 New Eurasianists 41 new political thinking (NPT) 3 new realism strategy 154 New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 165 Nikandrov, Denis 104-5 Nikitin, Gleb 112 NOD. See National Liberation Movement (NOD) Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 150 normality 3, 55, 56, 60, 187,195, 244 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 12,13-14, 32, 36-7,142,147, 149,150,154,155-7, 159,160, 163, 165,185, 223 INDEX 313
North, Douglass 115 Novgorod, Nizhny 112,199-200, 208, 226 NPT. See new political thinking (NPT) NRC. See NATO-Russia Council OAK. See United Aircraft Corporation (OAK) Obama, Barack 138,152,164,184-6 obiter dicta 80 Oblast, Kemerovo 192 Oblast, Kirov 192 Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod 200 OBOR. See One Belt, One Road OCCRP.See Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) OCGs. See organised criminal groups (OCGs) ODIHR. See Office of Democratic Elections and Human Rights Office of Democratic Elections and Human Rights (ODIHR) 204 okhraniteli bloc 71 oligarchs 7,17, 20,26, 28, 33-5,43,45, 60, 83, 92-3, 98,113,116,131,139-41, 222, 230, 234-5, 242 Olimpieva, Irina 75 One Belt, One Road (OBOR) 168 OPEC. See Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries open-access orders 83,115 opposition 19, 27, 34, 60, 75, 76,86, 88-9, 134,158, 187,190,193,195-7,199203, 206,211-12,239 oprichnina 92 Orange Revolution in Ukraine 36, 48,150 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 204 Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 107,136 Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) 95 organised criminal groups (OCGs) 95,104 OSCE. See Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSK. See United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK) Otechestvo-Vsya Rossipa (OVR) 19 Ovsyannikov, Dmitry 112 314 INDEX PA. See Presidential Administration (PA) PACE. See Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe pacification 14, 54, 83,224 paleoliberals 114 Pamfilova, Ella 191-2 para-constitutionalism 47-8,92 parapolitics 48, 92 Parland, Thomas 38 Parliamentary Assembly
of the Council of Europe (PACE) 184 parliamentary election 6,17, 38,112, 204, 217 partial reform equilibrium 83,123 Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) 75 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) 15 Party gold 99 Pastukhov, Vladimir 20, 98,205 patronal politics 45, 47, 235 Patrushev, Nikolai 36-7,120 Pavlovsky, Gleb 43,64, 85,219, 240-1 payment versus payment (PVP) system 125 PCA. See Partnership and Cooperation Agreement perennial candidate 201 Perepilichny, Alexander 109 perestroika (restructuring) 3-4,10, 20, 25, 30, 33, 53, 67-8, 86,198,201 Permanent Joint Council (PJC) 14 Peskov, Dmitry 109 Philippe, Louis 224 Pichugin, Alexei 61 Pivovarov, Yuri 74 PJC. See Permanent Joint Council Plokhy, Serhii 43 Poklonskaya, Natalya 191 Poland 7-8, 134-6, 165-6 police 35, 68-9, 88,98,101,103 Politburo 2.0 219 political institutions 18, 32,47,49, 51, 59, 115,119 political parties 32,47, 56,192,199, 239 political prisoners 61, 73,97 Political Theology 60 Politics as a Vocation 77 Politkovskaya, Anna 64, 216 polycentrism 157
Pompeo, Mike 164 ponyatiya 23, 29,101 popular capitalism 123 populist 162 Potomsky, Vadim 88 power vertical 24, 54,101,109,219 PPP. See purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Prague Spring in 1968 30 preparation (podgotovka) 117 presidency 1,8,18, 20, 26, 27, 29, 32-3, 44-7, 63, 86-7, 95-6,100,154,187, 192-3,200,210, 234, 237, 240, 244 Presidential Administration (PA) 2 Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights 122 presidential election 11,18, 28, 34,49,89, 92,129,140-1,190-1,199-206 Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of Computer Attacks (GosSOPKA) 37 PRI. See Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) Pribylovsky, Vladimir 99 Primakov, Evgeny 19, 149-50,154, 215, 222 The Prince 77 private capitalism 122 profit-seeking model 83 Prokhanov, Alexander 38-9 Prokhorov, Mikhail 88,105, 200 Prosecutor Generals Office (PGO) 34 protests in 2011-12 88; 189,199 in 2018 206 in 2019 212 against electoral fraud 154; 196 anti-corruption 76 electoral fraud 36, 73 fraud and ballot stuffing 86 on social issues 210 social and political 195 social media and 212-13 street 122 protest movement 63,195, 198 Pukhly (Pudgy) 109 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms 124-5 Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich 2 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich 2018 election 198-206 abolition of direct elections 62-3 about 2 adherence to two presidential terms 1 anti-revolution 70-6 as deputy head of PA 5 as deputy mayor 2,4, 7 as international affairs advisor 4 and past 65-70 as prime minister 6,19 Asian gambit 180-5 authoritarianism 12 came to power 99 campaigning 203 centrism 34, 77
challenges of 206-13 complex political identity 1 confrontation era 158-66 cronies 239 cult of personality 55 democracy paradox 16-22 de-offshorisation campaign 96,109 derangement syndrome 215 desegmentation 62 energy superpower 153 faction manager 77 factional spectrum 31 financial crisis 117-18 foreign policy concept 155-6 fourth term 185-95 FSB head 5 heartland strategy 167-74 heir-apparent to Yeltsin 11 improve labour productivity 132 in GDR 3 industrial strategy 117 KGB service 2-5, 7 kommunalka to the Kremlin 1-6 Kremlin official responsible for the regions 1-6 labour productivity 132 leadership strategy 11, 77-8; 185 maintenance of dominant political party 75 maximising natural resources 5 Munich Security Conference (2007) 151 oligarch capitalism 113,116 INDEX 315
ordoliberalism 114 organised religion and 11 paradoxes of stability system 80 people 215-20 peripheral authoritarianism 24 personality cult 78 phenomenon 215-20 political personality 7-8 post-Atlantic world 175-80 post-Cold War era 12 power 215-20 presidential campaign 111 problem of ideology 79 pro-natalist policies 126 public-private partnership 118 Putinite vertical of power’ 20 reform plans 116-17 regime reset 191 relationship with EU 158 restoring financial stability 123 retirement age 132 return to politics 195-8 rule as eclectic mix of systems 11 on Russia’s development as democratic state 9 secretary to the Security Council 2 security strategy 155 social market economy 114 social responsibility 118 stability system 56 stability-focused regime management 114-15 statecraft 31, 77-8 statist capitalism 119 strategy 229-32 struggle against terrorism 14 success in parliamentary election (December 1999) 6 Ukrainian authorities 12 understanding of politics 79 weakening of balancing act 111 winds of change 185-98 Putina, Maria Ivanovna 2 Putinisation of energy thesis 136 Putinism: consensus 226 defender of international status 82 domestic politics 82-3 dual state 59 316 INDEX exception 60 factional model 82 four great ‘blocs’ 81 hegemonic system 60 horizontal structure 83 inertial motion 81 micro-factionalism 234 paradoxes 233-46 post-communist social transformation 60 powering 132-8 predominance of single group 81 rule 234 social contract 82-3 sovereignty 59 stability system 83 stable equilibrium 82 stasis 81-4 succession 236-46 tutelary system 83 vertical of power 82
Putnam, Robert 52 PVP. See ‘payment versus payment’ (PVP) system quasi-feudal relationship 93 radical liberals 33-4, 127,150 raiding (reiderstvo) 96-7, 99,115-16, 127,217 ratio decidendi 80 RCEP. See Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Realpolitik approach 42 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) 173 regional elections 192, 211 Reiderstvo 97-8 rent managers 97 rent-extraction model 83 rent-management system 83,116,124,129 resilience 80, 120,130,133,142-3 Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 156 revisionist powers 164 Robinson, Neil 50,115 ROC. See Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) Rocher, Yves 193 Rogozin, Dmitry 207
Roizman, Evgeny 88-9 rokirovka 85-6, 207 Romanova, Olga 103 Rose Revolution in Georgia 36, 71 Roskomnadzor 121-2 Rosneft 5, 93,98,100-1,106-8, 217, 234, 244-5 Rossiiskii 40 Rostec (Rostekhnologii) 111-12,115,195, 226, 234 Rotenberg, Arkady 93,98, 195, 220 RSFSR. See Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) Rumyantsev, Alexander 111 Russia: banking system in 123 banning banks 141 bourgeois entrepreneurs 113 budget revenue 132-3 civil society 51-2 constitutional coup 26 constitutional crisis 26 digital revolution challenges 121 dirigiste strategies 120 duality 44-51 economic gap challenge 122-3 energy issue 134 European energy relations 136 failure of ideas 84 foreign agents 54 foreign funding 54 foreign policy 145,151-8 gas transport 134 GDP 119,125 global 185-8 gold reserves 125 heartland policy 143 independence 25 interlocking network 24 managed capitalism 114 media control 76 memorial attack 69 meta-factions 29-44 model 117 national champions 117,126 national identity 100 NGOs 53-4 oil prices 133 path dependency problem 119 politics in post-cold war era 16 politics of exception 63 post-cold war orders 146-51 post-communist practices 25,114 post-revolutionary demobilisation 76 property rights 113 reform 51-7 regime-state 23-9 rent in 121 rent-management system 116 sanctions imposed on 124,130-1 Saudi Arabia, coordination between 133 security services 122 social capital theory 52 state security 117 strategic partnership with 15 structural reforms in 126 student activism 76 two political systems 47 using sovereign fund 124 without Putin 242-6 Russia and Europe
(1869) 39 Russia at the Turn of the Millennium 9 Russian Declaration of State Sovereignty 8 Russian Far East (RFE) 111 Russian Investigative Committee (RIC) 34 Russian new right 38 Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) 11,31, 67, 87, 242 Russian Popular Front (Obshcherossiiskii narodnyi front, ONF) 48-9 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) 25 Russian spring 86 Russian system (Russkaya sistema) 53 Russian World (Russkii Mir) 160 Russkii 40 Russkii Mir (Russian World) 41 Russo-Atlantic relations 13 Russophobia 150 Russo-Western relations 150 Rutskoi, Alexander 26 Ryabkov, Sergei 177 Ryzhkov, Vladimir 202 Saakashvili, Mikheil 71, 203 sacred lands 194 Salye, Marina 5 INDEX 317
Sarkisyan, Tigran 169 Sauer, Derk 75 Schlosberg, Lev 88 Schmitt, Carl 59 Schulman, Yekaterina 241 SCO. See Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Sechin, Igor 86, 93, 98,100-2, 106-8, 217, 219-20, 240, 244 Second Cold War 12,142,145-6 securitisation 136 security service (siloviki): against opponents 237 factions 240 FSB 106 internet freedom 49, 211 mission to defend country 100 modern investigation methods 122 powerful force 98-9 SEB 101 war 240 SEEC. See Supreme Eurasian Economic Council Serebrennikov, Kirill 103 Shaimiev, Mintimir 19 Shakhrai, Sergei 5 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 143, 150, 173,175-6,178,181,183 Shanin, Teodor 103 Shaninka. See MSSES Shevardnadze, Edward 71 Shevchenko, Maksim 39 Shirshina, Irina 88-9 Shlyapuzhnikov, Alexei 106 Shmeleva, Elena 111 shock absorber 169 shock doctrine 60 Shoigu, Sergei 220 Shport, Vyacheslav 111 Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) 168 siloviki bloc 34-8,43, 69,81, 95, 98,100, 107, 109, 111,191,227,237,240 sistema 24, 47, 53-4, 93,106,108, 231 small- and medium-enterprise (SME) sector 119 SME. See small- and medium-enterprise (SME) sector Sobchak, Anatoly 4-5, 79,196, 201-2, 205 Sobchak, Ksenia 196, 201-2, 205 318 INDEX social contract 10, 54-5, 82-3, 93,114,127, 210, 222 social control (supervision) 53 social liberals 32-3 SOEs. See state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Solntsevskaya Bratva (Solntsevo Brotherhood) 104 Soskovets, Oleg 34 Sovereign Wealth Fund 124-5,230-4 Soviet Union Cold War and 8 collapse (krushenie) 9,11,17-18, 24, 26, 38, 40, 51-2, 97, 99,109,124,153, 164,186, 200, 212, 221-2,232, 243 dissolution of 8-9 Germany’s
invasion of 7 Gorbachev’s attempts to hold 9 regime legitimacy 10 velvet revolutions 8 special path (Sonderweg) 42 spetsinformatsiya(techmcal information) system 124 spiritual values 194 SPS. See Union of Right Forces SREB. See Silk Road Economic Belt Sretensky Monastery 11, 69, 220 Stalin, Joseph 8, 23-4, 37, 55, 68-9, 71-2, 198,222, 242 Stalinism 68-70, 72 Starikov, Nikolai 39 START. See New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty stasis 31, 51, 81-4 state: fragmentation 32 prerogative state 245 state capitalism 122-3 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 119 stoligarchs 98,116 Stone, Oliver 3-4,7 strategic atrophy 164 strategic partners 185 Strategy 2010 116-17 Strategy 2020 reform plan 118,127 Strelkov (Girkin), Igor 197 Studin, Irvin 46 Sugrobov, Denis 102-3 Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEE C) 169
Surkov, Vladislav 21, 31, 56,78, 85,110-11, 199, 242 aligned with Medvedev 85 democratic statist 56 domestic political affairs 78,111 head of domestic affairs 21 new type of state 242 normality in Russia 56 Russian politics 242 sovereign democracy 31, 56 years of solitude 242 Taibbi, Matt 215 Talbott, Strobe 149 Taylor, Brian 216 Telegram 121-2 TEN. See Trans-Europe Network (TEN) TER See Third Energy Package (TEP) terrorism 14, 37,141,151, 164,179 Third Energy Package (TEP) 136 Third state administrative rents 97 corruption 95-7 deep state 92,95 dual state 94 dualism 92 Duma elections 89 factional balancing 94 gubernatorial elections 92 power system 99 regime system 85-92, 94 rent management system 94 security apparatus 93 security forces role 98 social contract 93 stability system 99 upper and underworld 94 Tikhon, Bishop 11, 220 Tillerson, Rex 106,139 Timchenko, Gennady 54, 98, 220 Titov, Boris 129, 131, 201, 205 Tocquevillean myth 54 Tokaev, Kassym-Jomart 237 Toloraya, Georgy 177 traditional values 194 Trans-Europe Network (TEN) 135 transformation 1, 12,13,14,15,146,147, 148, 151 Travin, Dmitry 34 Trudolyubov, Maksim 92,113 Tuapse oil refinery 244 Tulip Revolution 36 Turkmenistan 134,174 Tusk, Donald 136 Uchitel, Alexei 191 Ukraine 8-9,11-13, 36,43, 48,71, 73-4, 78,89, 96, 124, 134-8, 151, 153-4, 159-61,163, 169, 174-5, 185, 187, 197,210,223 Ulyukaev, Alexei 107-9, 217, 240 Union of Right Forces (SPS) 105 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) 8-9, 13, 23, 34, 65, 71, 124, 154,172, 181,197, 229 United Aircraft Corporation (OAK) 117 United Nations Security Council
(UNSC) 9,149,155,163,179 United Russia 20, 38,161 creation 20, 38 United Shipbuilding Corporation (OSK) 117 United States: adoption of Russian children 44 bilateral summit cancellation 141 Moscow bombings 63 Magnitsky Act 44 oil and gas industries 136 and Russia 126,167, 202 Unityö, 19 UNSC. See United Nations Security Council Urlashov, Evgeny 88-9 Usmanov, Alisher 121, 219 USSR. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Ստէ-Luga oil terminal 135 Vader, Darth 106 Vaino, Anton 111-12, 220 value-added tax (VAT) 209 VAT. See value-added tax venal corruption 96, 99-100, 192,194 virtual politics 47 virtual private networks (VPN) 37,122 VKontakte (VK) 121 Volodin, Vyacheslav 2,44, 75, 78, 88-9, 111-12, 191, 194,217 INDEX 319
Voloshin, Alexander 35 vory v zakone (thieves in law) 94 VPN. See virtual private network (VPN) services Wall of Sorrow 69-70 war weariness 209 web anonymisers 37 Weber, Max 46, 77 Weimar Russia 53 West Germany 134 Westernisers 30 Wood, Tony 69, 236 World Trade Organisation (WTO) 118 WTO. See World Trade Organisation (WTO) Yabloko party 24, 27, 33, 56,60, 88-90, 191-2,196-7,199, 201 Yakovlev, Vladimir 4-5, 80 Yakunin, Vladimir 31 Yalta and Potsdam agreements of 1945 8 Yamal-Europe gas pipeline 134 Yanov, Alexander 53 Yarovaya, Irina 121,192 Yavlinsky, Grigory 24-5, 33,192,199, 201-2, 205 Ґ 320 INDEX Yeltsin, Boris 1,4-8,10,12,15-16,18-21, 24-8, 33, 35, 38,40,43-6,52, 60, 623, 85,92,106,113,116,145, 147,149, 163,198,200, 202, 220,222, 237-8, 240,242 Yevtushenkov, Vladimir 106 Yew, Lee Kuan 237 young technocrats 194 Yukos oil company 28, 32,46-7, 61, 78,83, 100,104,116,126, 222, 233, 241 Yumashev, Valentin 34 Zakharchenko, Dmitry 106 Zavtra (Tomorrow) 38 zemshchina state 92 zero-sum strategy 14 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 27, 38, 199-200,204-5 Zinichev,Yevgeny 220 Zolotov, Viktor 36,102 Zubov, Andrei 74 Zudin, Alexei 20 Zvyagintsev, Andrei 103-4 Zygar, Mikhail 43, 231 Zyuganov, Gennady 6,18-19, 27-8, 199-201 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Sakwa, Richard 1953- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)13407565X |
| author_facet | Sakwa, Richard 1953- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sakwa, Richard 1953- |
| author_variant | r s rs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046618953 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK510 |
| callnumber-raw | DK510.763 |
| callnumber-search | DK510.763 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 3510.763 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| classification_rvk | MG 85600 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1148124009 (DE-599)KXP1690364564 |
| dewey-full | 947.0864092 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.0864092 |
| dewey-search | 947.0864092 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.0864092 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Politologie Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 2000- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 2000- |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV046618953 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T14:07:30Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:49:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781788318303 9781838601270 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032030714 |
| oclc_num | 1148124009 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-824 DE-12 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-824 DE-12 DE-739 |
| physical | XVIII, 320 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200508 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | I.B. Tauris |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sakwa, Richard 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)13407565X aut The Putin paradox Richard Sakwa London ; New York ; Oxford ; New Delhi ; Sydney I.B. Tauris 2020 XVIII, 320 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 2000- gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich / 1952- Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich Diplomatic relations Politics and government Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Politics and government / 21st century Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / 21st century Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Geschichte 2000- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk 978-1-83860-371-7 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-83860-372-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032030714&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032030714&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032030714&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sakwa, Richard 1953- The Putin paradox Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)122188926 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | The Putin paradox |
| title_auth | The Putin paradox |
| title_exact_search | The Putin paradox |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Putin paradox |
| title_full | The Putin paradox Richard Sakwa |
| title_fullStr | The Putin paradox Richard Sakwa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Putin paradox Richard Sakwa |
| title_short | The Putin paradox |
| title_sort | the putin paradox |
| topic | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Politik Internationale Politik Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032030714&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032030714&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032030714&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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