Battle in the Baltic: the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Barnsley
Seaforth Publishing
2020
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | 304 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781526742735 |
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| 653 | 2 | |a Soviet Union / History / Revolution, 1917-1921 / Participation, British | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS List of Illustrations 7 Preface 11 1 The Decline of the Russian Empire, 1904-1917 17 2 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and its Consequences,1917-1918 28 3 Baltic Bound, November - December 1918 37 4 To the Rescue, December 1918 48 5 ‘Destroy At All Costs’, December 1918 58 6 In Search of a Policy, December 1918 - February 1919 65 7 Possible Saviours, January 1919 - February 1919 73 8 Germany Turns the Screw, March - April 1919 82 9 On the Offensive, Gulf of Finland, May 1919 97 10 Single Combat, May - June 1919 110 11 Dangerous Shores, Latvia and Estonia, June - July 1919 122 12 Operation ‘RK’, Kronstadt, August 1919 143 13 Attrition, August - October 1919 159 14 A New Enemy in Old Clothes, Latvia, August - October 1919 175 15 The Saving of Riga and Libau, October - November 1919 189 16 Life in the Baltic 196 17 Mutiny! 207 18 End Game, November - December 1919 222 19 Withdrawal, November - December 1919 231 20 In Memoriam 242 21 Conclusions 250 22 Envoi 260 5
Appendices 1 Key Chronology of the Russian Revolution, 1917 267 2 Article XII of the 1918 Armistice 269 3 Admiralty Naval Expenditure and Estimates, 1915-1920 270 4 The CMBs at Kronstadt, August 1919 271 5 Litvinov in Copenhagen 272 6 British Casualties, Baltic Campaign 274 7 Royal Navy Ship Losses, Baltic Campaign, 1918-1919 275 8 Royal Navy Warships and Auxiliaries deployed in the Baltic Campaign 276 List of Place Names 277 Author’s Notes 278 Notes 280 Bibliography 290 Index 294 6
Bibliography Primary Sources Papers of Captain R P Selby, documents 5609, Imperial War Museum, London. Papers of CPO ERA J F Foster, documents 23738, Imperial War Museum. Papers of PO Stoker F W Smith, documents 11909, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Commander A G D Bagót, documents 4632, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Surgeon Lieutenant W О Lodge, documents 4865, Imperial War Museum. Papers of A T Wilkinson, documents 6898, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Captain E R Conder, documents 16636, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Lieutenant Commander P L Puxley, documents 17490, Imperial War Museum. Papers of H В Boyd, documents 13776, Imperial War Museum. Papers of R F Rose, documents 7433, Imperial War Museum. Papers of W J Robinson, documents 12746, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Commander J E P Brass, documents 7309, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Captain R Gotto, documents 4312, Imperial War Museum. Papers of Squadron Leader E Bremerton, documents 8535, Imperial War Museum. Many and various documents in the ADM, CAB, FO, WO and RECO series, individually cited, The National Archives, Kew. Papers of Captain R W Blacklock, Liddle/WWl/RNMN 029, 290
BIBLIOGRAPHY University of Leeds Library Special Collections, Leeds. Papers of Captain S F Stapleton, Liddle/WWl/RNMN 276, University of Leeds Library Special Collections. Papers of Commander C F H Churchill, Liddle/WWl/RNMN 050, University of Leeds Library Special Collections. Private Papers of D Taylor, Liddle/WWl/RNMN 287, University of Leeds Library Special Collections. The Diary of Ove Rode, Minister of the Interior, 1914-1918, Universitetsforlaget (Aarhus, 1972). Papers of Sir Reginald McKenna, MKN 9/16, Churchill Archive Centre, Cambridge. Papers of Sir Winston S Churchill, CHAR 2 and CHAR 13, Churchill Archive Centre. Papers of Admiral Sir Algernon Willis, WLLS 3/1, Churchill Archive Centre. Papers of Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, WMYS 5/3, Churchill Archive Centre. Papers of Air Commodore Francis Banks, FROB 2/1, Churchill Archive Centre. Papers of D Lloyd George, LG/F/9/1/29, Parliamentary Archive, London. Secondary Sources The following books and other publications have been cited in the text. The place of publication is London unless otherwise indicated. Books Agar, A, Baltic Episode (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1983: originally published Hodder and Stoughton, 1963). _ , Footprints in the Sea (Evans Brothers Limited, 1959). Bennett, G, Cowan’s War (Collins, 1964). Cannadine, D, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (Papermac, 1996). _ , George V (Allen Lane, 2004). Churchill, W, The Aftermath (New York: Charles Scribner’s and Sons 1929). _ , ed Langworth, R, Churchill in His Own Words (Ebury, 2012). Crawford, J, Fallen Glory
(Old St Publishing, 2016). 291
BATTLE IN THE BALTIC Cunningham, A, A Sailor’s Odyssey (Hutchinson, 1951). Dawson, L, Sound of the Guns (Oxford: Pen-in-Hand Publishing, 1949) De Courcy-Ireland S, A Naval Life (Englang Publishing, 1990). Dukes, P, Red Dusk and the Morrow (Biteback Publishing, 2012: originally published 1922). Dunn, S, Securing the Narrow Sea (Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing, 2017). Evans, E, Keeping the Seas (Sampson, Low, Marston and Co, 1920). Figes, О, A People’s Tragedy (Pimlico, 1997). Fisher, J, Memories (Hodder and Stoughton, 1919). Fremantle, S, My Naval Career (Hutchinson and Co, 1949). Gerwarth, R, The Vanquished (Penguin Books, 2017). Gilbert, M, Winston S. Churchill, Vol IV The Stricken World 19161922 (Heinemann, 1975). Hattersley, R, David Lloyd George (Abacus, 2012). Hiden, ƒ, and Salmon, P, The Baltic Nations and Europe (Longman, 1994). Hopkirk, P, Setting the East Ablaze (John Murray, 2006). Kasekamp, A, A History of the Baltic States (Paigrave, 2010). Keyes, R, Adventures Ashore and Afloat (George G Harrap and Co, 1939). Kinvig, C, Churchill’s Crusade (Hambledon Continuum, 2006). Lake, D, The Zeebrugge and Ostend Raids 1918 (Barnsley: Pen and Sword Military, 2015). Lee, J, The Warlords (Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1919). Lieven, D, Towards The Flame (Penguin, 2016). Ludendorff, E, Ludendorff’s Own Story vol II (Harper and Bros, 1919). Marder, A, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, vol II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965). _ , Fear God and Dread Nought, voi III (Jonathan Cape, 1959). Massie, R, Dreadnought; Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War (Jonathan
Cape, 1991). Murray, D, Herring Tales (Bloomsbury, 2016). Norwich, J, France (John Murray, 2018). Oglander-Aspinall, C, Roger Keyes (The Hogarth Press, 1951). Orwell, G, The Road to Wigan Pier (Penguin, 1989: first published 1937). 292
BIBLIOGRAPHY Roskill, S, Naval Policy Between the Wars (Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing, 2016: originally published 1968). _ , Hankey, Man of Secrets vol 1 (Collins, 1970) and voi 2 (Collins, 1972). _ , Earl Beatty (Collins, 1980). Smele, J, The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars (C Hurst Co, 2016). Smith, H, A Yellow Admiral Remembers (Edward Arnold, 1932). Smith, P, Into the Minefields (Barnsley: Pen and Sword Maritime, 2005). Somervell, D, British Politics Since 1900 (Andrew Dakers Limited, 1953). Spinney, L, Pale Rider (Jonathan Cape, 2017). Taffrail, Endless Story, Hodder and Stoughton (1938). Taylor, B, End of Glory (Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing 2012). Tuchman, B, The Guns of August (New York: Macmillan, 1962). Ullman, R, Britain and the Russian Civil War (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 1968). Webb, S, 1919; Britain’s Year of Revolution (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2016). Wemyss, V, The Life and Letters of Lord Wester Wemyss (Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1935). Wilson, B, Empire of the Deep (W N, 2013). Newspapers and Magazines Baltic Times. Daily Mail. Daily Telegraph. Hull Daily Mail. Manchester Guardian. New York Times. Sunday Times. The Spectator. The Times. Other Sources The Office of the Historian, US State Department. Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1917-18. 293
Index Abbay, Ambrose Thomas Norman 103 Abdiel, HMS 129, 146, 161-2, 180, 181, 183, 184, 186 Addison, Christopher 66 Admiral Cowan, EML 249 Admiralty 41, 42-3, 63, 70, 76, 77-8, 80-1, 90, 106, 128, 165, 201, 223, 241; and mutineers 212, 213; naval expenditure and estimates 1915-20 270; Operation ‘RK’ press statement 154-5; and withdrawal of Baltic force 227, 234, 238 Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg 32 Agar, Augustus Willington Shelton 112, 114, 115-17, 118-21, 139, 143-4, 148, 150, 155-8, 170-1, 197, 237, 263, 271 aircraft see land planes; seaplanes Aisne 180 Albion, Operation 25 alcohol 205-6 Alexander III of Russia 21-2 Alexander, Harold Rupert 126 Alexander-Sinclair, Edwyn 39, 41, 42, 43-4, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54-5, 57, 62, 63, 64, 69, 71, 73, 202; on Tallinn memorial plaque 245 Alexandra, HMS 73 Almond, Ellen 188 Almond, Percy James 186, 188 American Relief Administration (ARA) 97-8 Ancre, Ľ 194 Andrei Pervozvanni 59, 60, 117, 147, 149, 151,155 Andrews, William J187 Angora 45, 51 Anson, John 112-13, 112n Aphis, HMS 261 Archangel 12, 24-5, 38n, 171 Ardent, HMS 237 Argus, HMS 167 Armistice (1918) 34, 39, 41, 86, 123, 201, 202, 250; Article XII 34, 35, 55, 77, 78, 85, 96, 269 Ashley, Alexis William 163 Ashley, Wilfrid William 214 Asquith, H H, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith 65, 66 Asquith, Violet 67 Assistans 137 Aurora 59, 244 Austria-Hungary 20 Avtrovil 60, 62 Azard 60, 110-11, 140, 170 Bacchus, RFA 44 Bacon, Charles A 161 Bagót, Arthur Denis Guy 183, 184, 204 Bakhtin, Alexander 141, 162 Baku 12 Balfour, Arthur James 33, 37, 42 Baltic Russian Empire 21-2
Baltic Sea 14-15; entrance to 14-15, 22; under German control 22; Gulf of Bothnia 14; life in Baltic theatre 196-206; map of sea and surrounding areas 16; mining of entrance and exit channels under German pressure 22; RN in see Royal Navy, Baltic campaign/ships; Russian ‘ownership’ 21 Baltic States: Britain and status of Baltic provinces 33; and British War Cabinet’s plans and deliberations 38-9, 68, 70-2, 83-4, 86-8; as cordon sanitaire against Bolshevism 38; and Dorpat peace talks 168-9, 229-30, 239; Estonia see Estonia; and German dreams of Baltic empire 11, 12, 82-3, 106, 175-9, 253; as German fiefdom 31-4 see also Germany: Baltic Barons; German withdrawal under Armistice terms 34; independence aim/movement 12, 33—4; Latvia see Latvia; Lithuania see Lithuania; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 240; nationalism’s rise 22; and Prinkipo conference proposals 68-9; RN’s humanitarian aid for 13; White Russian forces in see White armies 294
INDEX Banbury, HMS 131-2, 166, 231, 232 Bauer, Gustav 202 Baxter, Francis R 212 Bayly, Sir Lewis (‘Luigi’) 43,106 Beatty, David 39, 43, 73, 145, 225-7 Beeley, Hugh 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 156, 157 Belgol, RFA 44 Bennett, George Hicks 236 Berbice, HMHS 165-6, 231 Beresford, Charles William de la Poer, 1st Baron 106 Berlin 83 Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel Mikhailovich 176-7, 179, 180, 181, 182, 191, 247-8, 265 Bessarabia 30 Best, George, 5th Baron Wynford 75 Best, Matthew Robert 75, 76, 79 Bilderingshof 185 Biorko (Björkö) Sound, Korsholm 104-5, 121, 127, 130, 138, 139, 146, 147-8, 159-60, 165, 171, 201, 215, 216, 217, 231, 232 Bir Hakeim, Battle of 261 Birmingham, HMS 91, 106 Black Prince, HMS 237 Blacklock, Ronald William 110, 111, 117-18, 254 Bobr see Lembit Bodley, Edward 149-50, 271 Boer War 74 Bolderaa (Bolderāja) 183, 243 Boldero, John Christian 156n, 271 Bolsheviks 11, 17, 28-9, 252-3, 267; Baltic States as cordon sanitaire against 38; and Britain 12, 13, 24-5, 38, 42, 66-72, 87-90, 122-3, 142, 154-5, 223-4, 226, 228-30, 254-5 see also Royal Navy, Baltic campaign/ships; and Churchill 66-7, 69-70, 71-2, 222-3, 224-5, 251-2, 253, 255; and Dorpat peace talks 168-9, 229-30, 239; and France 12, 24-5, 38; name change to Russian Communistic Party 14; and Prinkipo conference proposals 68-9; prisoners 23, 31, 61, 62, 76, 102-3; Red Army see Red Army; and Russian Revolution see Russian Revolution (1917); torture of Estonians 54; and Treaty of Tartu 239 Bornholm Island 204, 235 Bornsdorff, Commodore 153 Bosanquet, Vivian Henry Courthope 41, 55, 56 Bosnia-Herzegovina 20 Bothnia, Gulf
of 14 Bowerman, Elizabeth 237 Bowerman, Thomas John 237 Bowles, Guy Percival 146 Boyd, Harry 40, 47, 53, 55, 56, 197, 199, 203 Brade, Frank Tomkinson 150, 151, 271 Brass, John Ernest Padwick 197, 200, 205, 220 Bremen 83 Bremerton, Eric 138, 139-40, 148, 151, 167, 168, 200 Bremner, William 112-13, 112n, 148, 149, 150, 152, 271, 273 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of 17, 28-32 Bridge, Sir Cyprian 106 Bridges, Tom 53-4 Brisson, Jean-Joseph 106-7, 124, 175, 181, 182, 183, 185, 189 Britain: Admiralty see Admiralty; AngloSoviet Trade Agreement 241; Baltic States and War Cabinet’s plans and deliberations 38—9, 68, 70-2, 83-4, 86-8, 123; and Bolshevism see Bolsheviks: and Britain; coalition government 65-6; and Dorpat peace talks 168-9, 230; economy 255; Foreign Office 37, 40-41, 68, 169, 175-6, 178, 266; general (‘coupon’) election (1918) 65-6; German exports and British unemployment 256; home front troubles 219-22, 254-5; Industrial Unrest/Supply and Transport Committee 254; Labour Party 65, 67, 156, 220, 252; Liberal Party 65-6; nor malisation of Soviet relations 240-1; RN involvement in Baltic see Royal Navy, Baltic campaign/ships; and Russian Revolution 24-5; and status of Baltic provinces 33; War Cabinet 25, 26, 31, 37, 38, 40, 42, 63, 68, 69, 83-4, 86-8, 123, 126 Britannia, HMS 73, 106, 112 Broad, Charles W 186 Bruce, HMS 234 Bruce-Lockhart, Robert 272 Brusilov Offensive 23 Burt, Alfred 181, 185 Caledon, HMS 75, 77-8, 79, 90, 96, 99, 106, 124, 232, 233, 238 Calypso, HMS 44, 47, 50-1, 55, 58, 60, 61-2 Camels (land planes) 136, 137, 138, 140, 148, 151, 233 Cameron, John Ewen 79-81, 86,
90 Cannadine, David 185 295
BATTLE IN THE BALTIC capitalism 12 Caradoc, HMS 44, 45-6, 47, 50, 52, 53, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64 Cardiff 219 Cardiff, HMS 39—10, 43, 44, 48, 53, 54, 57, 58, 62-3, 73 Cardwell, Fred 246 Carter, Thomas Gilbert 108, 233 Cassandra, HMS 44, 47, 48-50, 198 Catspaw 236 Cattistock, HMS 199-200, 235 Caucasus 30 Cayley, Catherine Eleanor 261 Cecil, Robert, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood 37-8 Ceres, HMS 44, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56-7, 197, 199, 201 Chamberlain, Austen 70-1, 87-8, 223, 254 Champion, HMS 244 Chapman, Charles Manners Sutton 110-11 Chase, Irwin 107 Chelmsford, HMS 232 Cheltenham, HMS 232 Chicherin, Georgy 229 Chichester-Clark, Flag Commander 144 China 19, 252 Christian X of Denmark 203, 204, 235 Churchill, Charles Fraser Harrington 190, 191, 195, 197-8, 213 Churchill, Winston 9, 12, 13, 25, 87, 109, 218, 250, 251-2, 261; and Bolshevism 66-7, 69-70, 71-2, 222-3, 224-5, 251-2, 253, 255; as driver of war in Russia and Baltic 66-7, 252; and Fisher 25-6; and Lloyd George 66, 71, 72, 222-3, 224-5, 227-8, 252; on Prussian military party 83-4; and Shackleton 122 Cicala, HMS 209 Citizens Guards 219 Clarey, Albert Webb 161 Clemenceau, Georges 38, 68 Cleopatra, HMS 91, 96, 100, 101, 103, 109, 137, 147, 159, 181, 183, 184, 186 coal 46 Coastal Motor Boats (CMBs) (‘Skimmers’) 112-17, 118-21, 139, 143-4, 146, 147, 148, 149-50, 156-8, 159, 171, 232, 237-8; CMB-4 118, 119-21, 152, 266; CMB-7 116, 119, 150; CMB-31BD 149, 155; CMB-62 150; CMB-67A 146; CMB72A 149-50, 151, 233; CMB-86BD 151, 232; at Kronstadt, August 1919 271 Coles, Charles Edward 187 Columbine, HMS 211 Conder, Edward Baines 159
Conder, Edward Reignier 159, 160, 163, 164, 166, 196, 198, 210, 216, 217, 231, 233, 237, 257 Copenhagen 40-1, 45-6, 47, 51, 54, 73, 76-7, 90, 102, 136, 189-90, 203-5, 214—16, 234, 235, 241; Litvinov in 272-3 Cornwall, HMS 264 Courland 21, 22, 26, 30, 32, 83, 179 Cowan, Sir Walter Henry ‘Titch’ 73-7, 78, 79, 80, 84-5, 90, 91, 92, 94-5, 97, 98-9, 100, 101, 109, 115, 118-19, 127, 128-9, 130, 131, 137, 141, 143-4, 166, 167, 201, 202, 203, 225, 231n, 232, 251, 256-7, 266; awards 260, 261-2; to chaplain of HMS Hood (epigraph) 9; and German attacks on Riga and Libau 192, 193, 195; and Gulf of Finland 101, 103-5, 106, 107-8, 134, 159, 160-1; life after Baltic campaign 260-2; and loss of Verulam 164-5; and loss of Vittoria 162; and mutineers 210-11, 213, 216; and Oleg’s sinking 120-21; Operation ‘DB’ 138M0; Operation ‘RK’ 143-4, 145-56; and Riga battle 180-82; on Tallinn memorial plaque 245; and White advance on Petrograd 169-73; and withdrawal of Baltic force 233-4, 235 Cowles, Edward James 243 Cradock, Sir Christopher George ‘Kit’ 43 Cumming, Mansfield George Smith 114-15, 118 Cunningham, Andrew Browne 74, 90-1, 92-4, 95, 100 Curama, HMS 98-100 Curtis, Berwick ‘Budge’ 129, 130, 161, 162, 180, 181, 189 Curtis, H C 215 Curzon, George, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston 86-7, 109, 121, 178-9, 238, 240-1 Daily Mirror 45 Daily Telegraph 24 Danae, HMS 124, 129, 147, 159 Dardanelles 53 Dauntless, HMS 129, 170, 192, 193, 194, 233 Davidson, William 166 Davis, Alfred Joseph 187 Dawson, Samuel 168 Dayrell-Reed, Archibald ‘Mossy’ 149, 151-2, 271 de Courcy-Ireland, S 77 de Denne, Cecil Hugh 215
Deacon, Stuart 174 Delhi, HMS 128-9, 137, 147, 151, 159, 296
INDEX 170, 171, 206, 215, 216, 233, 234, 235, 236 Denikin, Anton Ivanovich 24, 38η, 273 Denmark 22, 40-1, 55, 153, 203-5; Copenhagen see Copenhagen destroyers, French flotilla 106-7 destroyers, German 43 destroyers, RN, in Baltic campaign 40, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 79, 90, 96, 101, 103, 127, 147, 170, 171, 180-81, 183-4, 191, 192, 201 see also specific ships·, of 1st flotilla 102, 190-91, 211-14, 234-5; of 3rd flotilla 201; of 4th flotilla 234; of 13th flotilla 44; of 20th flotilla 129-30, 145-6, 159, 161, 189; and mutineers 211-14 destroyers, Russian/Soviet 102, 103, 117, 119-20, 150 see also specific ships; captured by RN 62, 100; minelaying 170 Deutsche Legion 176 Deutsche Schwerer Industrie 177 Diamond Bank, Battle of 104 Dobson, Claude Congreve 146-9, 150, 155, 263, 271 Dolgaya 127 Donald, David Grahame 136, 138 Dorling, Taprell 129 Dorpat (Tartu) 22, 52-3, 76; peace talks 168-9, 229-30, 239; Treaty of Tartu 239 Dorsetshire, HMS 263 Dover Patrol 53 Dragon, HMS 103, 128, 129, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185-8, 189, 190, 191, 205, 233, 234, 235, 243, 247-8 Duff, Arthur Allan Morison 106, 124-5, 175, 178, 179, 232, 238, 241, 245, 256 Dukes, Paul 116, 118, 156, 158 Dunamunde (DaugavgrTva) 180, 181-2, 183, 184 Dundas, Lawrence Leopold 192 Dunedin, HMS 171, 215, 238 Dvina (Daugava) River 25, 57, 180, 183, 190 E-27, HMS 104 E-40, HMS 141 Eberhardt, Magnus von 178 Ebert, Friedrich 83, 95-6 Edgecombe, Arthur Wilfred 163 Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII) 185 Eleo Company 107 Elliott, John 164, 246 Elsinore (Helsingør) 46 English Channel 53 Erebus, HMS 171, 172, 193^1 ERPf Sosnowy
185 Estonia 11, 30, 87, 98, 127-8, 136, 238-9, 245-7, 266; Armed Forces 58, 125-6; Commune of the Working People 35; emergence as neutral, independent state 12, 17, 168-9, 239, 258; Estonian national units of Russian army 36; ‘Estonian’ Red Army 97; Finnish forces in 99; German influence 21-2; German occupation 33; independence movement 32; and Molotov-Rihbentrop Pact 240; Operation Albion 25; peasant revolts against German landowners 22; plea for British help (November 1918) 40; and Prinkipo conference proposals 69; Provincial Assembly 33, 36; Provisional Government 34-5, 36; Red Army advance following Armistice 34-5; Reval see Reval/Tallinn; RN’s humani tarian aid for 13; RN’s protection of 13, 17, 53, 70-2; as Russian estate 21; successes in January 1919 against Red Army 76, 99; tortured by Bolsheviks 54; Treaty of Tartu 239; and White advance on Petrograd 169-73 Estonian Defence League 52 Evan-Thomas, Hugh 43 Exmouth, HMS 106 Fausset, W A 174 Fearn, Peter 174 Ferguson, Niall 252 Figes, Orlando 28 Finland 79n, 142, 200-1, 206, 264; civil war 27n, 78, 99; concerns about Finnish/ Soviet border on RN withdrawal 237-8; and Dorpat peace talks 168-9; emergence as neutral, independent state 17, 173; Finnish forces in Estonia 99; Gulf of 14, 18, 21, 98-109, 110-11, 133, 158, 159, 223-4, 225, 258; independence 12, 26-7; and Russian Revolution 26; Russia’s forced renouncing of claims to 30; White Guards 173; White Russian forces in 11 Fisher, John Arbuthnot ‘Jackie’, 1st Baron 25-6, 144-5, 259; and Churchill 25-6 Fitzgerald, F. Scott 25 In Fleming, John 47 Foch, Ferdinand 86, 176
Folkestone mutiny 208 food 199, 200 Foster, John Fleming 49-50, 198 France 87-8, 179; and Bolshevism 12, 24-5, 38; navy see French navy; and Russian Revolution 24-5 297
BATTLE IN THE BALTIC Francis Gamier 180 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria 20 Fremantle, Sidney Robert 41-2, 63, 71, 77-8, 87, 90, 129n, 144, 209; on Tallinn memoria plaque 245 French, Henry George Hazelden 111 French, Wilfred Frankland ‘Froggie’ 114 French navy: Black Sea flotilla mutiny 107; destroyer flotilla 106-7 Friedrich Karl of Hesse 32 Gabriel, HMS 146 Gaidamak 172 Galatea, HMS 43, 103, 109, 194 Gangut31 Gardener, Seymour 262 Gavriil 110-11, 148, 149, 150, 170 Geddes, Sir Eric 42-3, 144, 254 Gefter 156, 157 Gentian, HMS 133, 134 George V 144, 262 German army 11, 22, 25-6, 29n, 75, 78; Freikorps in Latvia see Latvia: Iron Division/Freikorps/Baltische Landeswehr, Infanterie-Regiment Nr 405 52; Russo-German army 180 German navy 22, 39; and Armistice terms 39, 124; High Seas Fleet 39; submarines see U-boats Germany 175-8, 201-3; army see German army; Baltic Barons 21-2, 26, 32, 33, 35, 202, 253; Baltic empire dreams 11, 12, 82-3, 106, 175-9, 253; Baltic States as German fiefdom 31-4; Bolsheviks taken to be German agents 25; Bread Peace with Ukraine 29; Brest-Litovsk Treaty 17, 28-32; German troops in Latvia under Armistice terms 55, 78, 80, 123, 175-8; Latvian coup 92-6; Latvian evacuation 176; navy see German navy; Petrograd’s bombing 31n; planned coup against Latvian Provisional Government 80-1; post-war debts 255-6; shifting of forces in 1918 from Eastern Front to West 30-1; Teutonic Order of Knights 21; war aims of eastern border 11 Giddy, Osman Cyril Horton 150, 152 Gilbert, Herbert J 187 Gillingwater, Lewis T E 186 Glossop, Francis George 49, 51 Godetia, HMS
131 Goldingen (Kuld ga) 79, 81, 82 Goltz, Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger von der 78-9, 80, 82-3, 84-5, 86, 92, 94-5, 99, 124, 125-6, 172, 175-8, 179, 180, 182, 265; reign of terror 105-6 Gothenburg, Kviberg Cemetery 237 Gotto, Renfrew 198, 200, 234 Gough, Sir Hubert 109, 126, 176, 258 Grace, Henry Edgar ‘Dasher’ 135,137,138, 139, 162, 165, 214-15, 233, 258, 266 Grace, W G 135 Grant-Smith, Ulysses S 85, 97-8, 105 Grauba, Aigars: Rigas Sargi 247 Graves, William S 88n GTeen, Arthur 51 Green, John 88, 209 Greenwood, Sir Hamar 248 Grey Horse fortress 102, 170, 171 Griffin reconnaissance aircraft 137, 138 Gromoboi 59 Gueydon 185 Haking, Sir Richard Cyril Byrne 172 Hamburg 83 Hammersley-Heenan, Vernon 161 Hamond, Robert Gerald 141 Hampden, Geoffrey 112-13,112n Hampsheir, John White 115, 119-20, 121 Handel, Thomas H 166 Hankey, Sir Maurice 222 Hannover, SS 124 Harpenden, HMS 232 Harris-St John, Raymond Jocelyn 160,164 Harrison-Wallace, Henry Steuart Macnaghten 75 Hay, Arthur William 173-4 Heligoland Bight, Battle of 74 Helsingfors (Helsinki) 21, 31, 63, 79n, 99, 109, 160 herring 255 Hertzherg, Frederick 257 Hervey, Lt 51 Hexham, HMS 131, 232 Heythorp, HMS 199-200, 235 Hill, Mrs 57 Hindenburg, Paul von 22, 26, 201 Hogland Island 61, 62, 64, 98 Holderness, HMS 199-200, 204, 217-18, 235 Holmes, Sidney 151 Holywood, SS 79-80 Homan, Edwin Anderson 124 Hood, Horace Lambert 53-4, 73 Hood, HMS 241, 260 Hoover, Herbert 98 Horne, Richard 205 Horne, Sir Robert Stevenson 229 Horseman, Percy 215-16 Horton, Max 110 Hoss, Rudolf 82 House, Joseph 164 298
INDEX Houston, A S 174 Howard, Francis 151, 271 Howard, George William, 13th Earl of Carlisle 246-7 Hunter-Blair, Roland 151, 271 Hurst, Gerald 218, 248 Hurst, Ina Margaret 263 Hutier, Oscar von 25 hydrophones 141 Inconstant, HMS 79, 129 Inflexible, HMS 106 influenza 31 Iron Duke, HMS 75 Japan 12; and Korea 19; and Manchuria 19; and Russian Revolution 25; RussoJapanese War 19-20; and Siberia 12n; and USA 12 Jellicoe, Sir John 144 Jerram, Sir Thomas Henry Martyn 209-10 Jugla, Battle of 32 Jutland, Battle of 43, 74 Kaporia Bay 159, 160-1, 170, 231, 234 Karin 13 7 Keenan, Major 81, 93 Kennard, Sir Coleridge Arthur Fitzroy, 1st Bt 99 Kennedy, Edward Coverley 48-9, 50 Kenworthy, Joseph Montague 89, 121, 141-2, 213-14, 218, 228, 247-8, 257, 265 Kerensky, Alexander 267, 268 Kernova 127 Kerr, Mark 43 Keyes, Roger John Brownlow (later Sir Roger) 74, 143, 241, 257, 261 Keynes, John Maynard 144 Kilbride, HMS 209 Kilmarnock, Victor Alexander Hay, 4th Baron 40 King Edward VII, HMS 220 Kinvig, Clifford 30 Kitoboi 117-18 Kleinwort, Marieka Louise Leonie 186 Knox, Alfred William Fortescue 31 Knupffer, Moritz 96, 98 Koivisto 138, 152, 166, 167, 168, 233-4, 246 Kolchak, Alexander Vasilyevich 24, 173, 273 Konstantin 170 Korea 19 Krasnaya Gorka 59, 103-4, 116, 117, 118, 120, 170, 171, 172, 193 Kristiania (Oslo) 90 Kronstadt 21, 31, 52, 58-9, 60, 64, 96, 100, 101, 110, 116, 118-21, 140, 141, 156-8, 167, 168, 172, 241, 257; CMBs in August 1919 at 271; Operation ‘RK’ 143-4, 145-56 Krupp’s 177 Kun, Béla 97 Kunda 58 Kviberg Cemetery, Gothenburg 237 L-12, HMS 110, 117, 141, 254 L-15, HMS 104 Լ-55,
HMS 110-11, 243-4 Laidoner, Johan 36, 58, 76, 97, 99, 127, 128, 152, 172 Lake St Clair 134 Lambert, George 208-9 Lampton, Hedworth 43 Lanark, HMS 131, 232 land planes 136-7, 166-7, 232; Camels 136, 137, 138, 140, 148, 151, 233; Griffins 137, 138; Strutters 136-7, 138, 139, 148, 167, 168, 233 Larn, William 187 Latgale 239 Latvia 11, 21, 71, 83, 124-7, 175-88, 242-3; armistice of February 1920 with Soviets 239; Ceasefire of Strassenhof 126; Courland see Courland; emergence as neutral, independent state 12, 17, 35, 168-9, 239-40, 258; evacuation 176; German coup (April 1919) 92-6; German influence 21-2; German occupation 26; German troops under Armistice terms 55, 78, 80, 123, 175-8; Grant-Smith on situation in April 1919 85; Iron Division/Freikorps/Baltische Landeswehr 36, 55-6, 78-9, 84, 92, 95-6, 106, 125-6, 176, 191-5, 202; Lāčplēsis Day celebrations 242; Latvian Soviet Republic 35; Libau see Libau (Liepāja); and Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 240; National Council 35; and Prinkipo conference proposals 69; Provisional Government 80, 84, 125; Provisional National Council 33; Red Army advance following Armistice 35, 54; Riga see Riga; and Rigas Sargi (Grauba film) 247; RN’s humanitarian aid for 13; RN’s protection of 13, 17, 93-6, 180-95, 240; Socialist Soviet Republic of 54; suffering during Great War 31-2; Treaty of Riga 239-40; Ulmanis government 35, 54, 92, 93, 126, 179 Latvian language 13 299
BATTLE IN THE BALTIC Latvian Riflemen 32 Law, (Andrew) Bonar 43, 65, 66, 86, 87, Madden, Sir Charles 154, 164,185, 201, 251 Maidment, Henry David 203 88, 210 Maidstone, HMS 235 League of Nations 70, 169, 254 mail 201 Lees, Charles Cunningham Dumville 163 Majestic, HMS 106 Lembit 62, 101 Manchester Guardian 219 Lenin, Vladimir 11, 12, 23, 24, 28-9, 31n, Mander, A E 212 34, 35, 36, 240n, 241, 252, 267, 268 Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil, Baron 99, Lennuk 62, 96 104, 153, 173 Libau (Liepaja) 31, 35, 41, 46-7, 52, 54, Mao Zedong 252 57, 63, 69, 76, 77-80, 81, 84, 86, 91-2, Marder, Arthur 74 93, 96, 124, 128, 135, 172, 181, 191-5, Marne 180 232, 233, 238 Marshall, Richard Nigel Onslow 115, 119, Liebknecht, Karl 83 150, 156, 157 Lieven, Anatol von, Prince 128 Marten, Arthur 185, 186, 187-8, 189, 205 Lieven, Dominic 20 Marx, Karl 253 Light Cruiser Squadrons: 1st 79; 2nd 91, Maud of Norway 90 106; 4th 201; 6th 39-40, 44, 47, 48-53 McCowen, Gerald R 187 Lilac, HMS 133, 134 McCutcheon, James 165 Lingfield, HMS 232 McKenna, Reginal 255-6 Lithuania 17, 26, 30, 32, 83, 168-9,179, 191 Mécanicien Principal Lestin 106-7,181 Little, Charles 92 Miles, Arthur 161 Litvinov, Maxim 231, 272-3 Milner, Alfred, 1st Viscount 26, 37, 38 Liven, Anatolii Pavlovich 176 Milner-White, Eric 56 Liverpool 219 minelayers: RN 44-5, 52, 129-30, 161-2, Livonia 21, 35 171; Russian minelaying destroyers 170 Lloyd George, David 12nn, 26, 38, 65, 66, mines 44, 102, 110, 116, 128-34, 141, 159, 160, 166, 170, 171, 174, 196-7; in Baltic 68, 69, 70, 89-90, 123, 179, 210, 222, Sea entrance and exit points 22, 42; and 223,
230, 247-8, 254, 255, 272-3; and Cassandra’s sinking 48-50; in Danish Churchill 66, 71, 72, 222-3, 224-5, waters 40; German minefields 22, 40, 227-8, 252; and withdrawal of Baltic force 227-9 42; Great Belt fields 42; Little Belt fields 42; in North Sea 44; and Verulam’s Lodge, Henry Cabot 254n sinking 163—4 Lodge, William Oliver 99 minesweepers 44, 46, 130—4, 159-60, 166, London mutinies 208 Long, Henry John 51 199-200, 217, 232, 235, 249 Long, Walter Hume 66, 70, 86, 87, 89, 121, Mitau (Jelgava) 82, 86, 183,191; Nikolai cemetery 242-3 123, 141-2, 210, 213-14, 218, 227, 248, 251,257 Mixol, RFA 193 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) 240 Lowe, George W 186 Montcalm 179 Ludendorff, Erich 22, 26, 29, 83, 250 Moore, Henry Charles Makeum 215-16 Lupin, HMS 133, 134 Moreton, John Alfred 171, 193 Lvov, Georgy 23 Morgan, Charles 144 Morley, Norman Eyre 156n, 271 MacBean, Russell 149, 171, 271 Moscow 31, 239 Macdonald, Henry Crawford 134 Motor Launches (MLs) 107-8, 159, 217, MacDonald, Ramsey 241n 232, 235; ML-98 235; ML-124 235; MLMacdonogh, Sir George Mark Watson 31 125 235; ML-156 233 Mackay, HMS 170 Mackworth, Sir Arthur William, 6th Bt 129 Mukden, Battle of 19 Murmansk 12, 38n, 171 Mackworth, Geoffrey 57, 90, 98-9, 129, Murray, Donald 255 215, 216, 236, 260 mutinies in British armed forces 207-10; Maclean, Colin Kenneth 164-5 in Baltic campaign 12, 211-19, 258 MacLean, Hector Forbes 151 Myrtle, HMS 133-4 MacMechan, Edith 263 Macnamara, Thomas James 121 300
INDEX Napier, Lawrence 150, 152, 271 Nargen Island (Naissaar) 60 Narva 35, 52, 76, 97, 238 Nasmith, Martin Eric 102, 111 National Committee for the Hands Off Russia Campaign 67 Needra, Andreas 92, 106, 125 Nelson, Horatio 53 New York Times 184, 192 Nicholas II 17, 19, 20, 22-3, 267 Nicholas, Charles 215 Noble, Delorest John Dumergue 94 Norman, Walter J 187 North Sea 44 Noske, Gustave 178 Noulens, Joseph 68 Odessa 31 O’Grady, James 272, 273 O’Leary, Michael 91 Oleg 52, 59, 60, 61, 101, 119-21, 143 Orwell, George 253 Osea Island 112, 114 Ösel Island (Saarenmaa) 25 P-boats (coastal sloops) 108-9, 171; P-31 108-9, 198, 217, 231, 232, 233, 237; P38 231 Pamiat Azova 59, 149, 151 Pantera 141, 162 Paris Peace Conference (1919) 85-6, 105 Parker, Robert John, Baron 186 Parker, Trevor T 186 Päts, Konstantin 33, 35, 36, 46, 53, 62 Payne, Alfred J 186 Pearce, John W 187 Peter the Great 21, 58 Petre, Mary, Baroness Furnivall 263 Petrograd (St Petersburg) 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31n, 36, 71, 79n, 101, 115, 127-8, 156, 267, 268; White advance on 169-73, 238 Petropavlovsk 31, 59, 101, 117, 147, 149, 151, 155 Phaeton, HMS 43, 79, 129, 192, 193, 194 Pilcher, Cecil Horace 192 Piper, Albert Victor 115 Pirie-Gordon, Harry 152 Pitka, Johan 62, 96, 100, 153, 172, 216, 264-5 Plunkett, George 99 Poincaré, Raymond 9 Poland 26, 30 Polk, Frank L 88, 97 Poltava 31 Port Arthur 19 Port Edgar 211-16, 257 Portable General Service (PGS) Hydroplane 108-9 Poška, Jaan 153 Powell, Owen Philip 164 Prestol, RFA 44 Princess Margaret, HMS 44-5, 51, 54, 55, 57, 81, 129, 130, 181, 182, 183, 184, 187, 188, 189-90, 231
Princess Royal, HMS 74 Prinkipo conference proposals 68-9 Pupe (Babite) 183 Querida 193 Quinn, Edward Ignatius 104 Rampton, Frederick 138 Ramsey, Charles Gordon 49, 51 Randall, A К 138, 151 Raskolnikov, Fyodor Fyodorovich 59-61, 102, 103 Red Army 11, 24, 52-3, 172, 182; 7th 52, 97, 238; 15th 238; Allies fighting against 12; attacks from November 1919 on Estonian borders 238-9; Baltic advance with Armistice 34-5; ‘Estonian’ 97; Estonian successes in January 1919 against 76, 99; Goltz’s offensive against 82-6; at Riga 35, 56-7 Red Cross 31; Danish 103 Reval/Tallinn 13, 36, 41, 47, 52-4, 58, 76, 97-8, 99, 109, 128, 135, 137-8, 200, 201, 216, 217, 234, 238, 239, 241, 244; Church of the Holy Spirit 246; memorial plaque to British admirals 245; and Trotsky’s orders for sinking of British ships 58-64 Reynolds, Rowland 236 Riga 14, 21, 22, 25, 30, 32, 63, 79, 105-6, 125-6, 135, 179-85, 189-90; 1st Destroyer Flotilla in 190-1; falls to Red Army 35, 54-7; Lāčplēsis Day celebra tions 242; memorial at St Saviour’s Church 246; Treaty of 239-40 Rigas Sargi (Grauba film) 247 Roberts, Harry 205 Robinson, William 205 Rode, Ove 41 Rodzyanko, Alexander 127 Roenne, Baron von 181 Roosevelt, Theodore 20 Rose, Richard Frank 91-2, 103, 135, 203, 204-5 Roskill, Stephen 42 Rosyth 39, 51, 64, 79, 202, 260 Royal Air Force 167-8, 233, 246, 274 301
BATTLE IN THE BALTIC Royal Flying Corps 136-7 Royal Marines 61 Royal Navy, Baltic campaign/ships 236, 244 see also specific ships; and alcohol 205-6; assessment of campaign 250-9; bombardments of Bolsheviks from sea 64, 76, 78, 101, 160-1, 170, 189, 232, 257; British casualties 162, 163—4, 186-7, 243-4, 247-8, 250, 253, 274; British lukewarm/ambivalent support for Baltic operations 12, 122, 218, 256-9; capture of Russian destroyers (1918) 62, 100; CMBs see Coastal Motor Boats; Copenhagen base see Copenhagen; despatchments to Baltic Sea 12, 40-52, 90-1; destroyers see destroyers, RN, in Baltic campaign; Estonia protected by 13, 17, 53, 70-2; and food 199, 200; and girls in Copenhagen 204-5; and Grand Fleet 39; Gulf of Finland offensive (May 1919) 101-9; and health issues 167-8, 200; humanitarian aid for Baltic States 13; with land planes see land planes; Latvia protected by 13, 17, 93-6, 180-95, 240; and Latvian revolutionaries in 1906 22; LCSs see Light Cruiser Squadrons; leave-breaking problem 200-1; life in the Baltic 196-206; losses of RN ships 111, 161-5, 236, 243, 275; and mail 201; memorials and remembrances 242-7; minelayers 44-5, 52, 129-30, 161-2, 171; minesweepers see minesweepers; MLs see Motor Launches; morale 212-18, 256-8; mutinies 12, 211-19, 258; numbers of warships and auxiliaries 276; Oleg’s sinking 119-21; Operation ‘DB’ 138-40; Operation ‘RK’ 143—4, 145—56; P-boats see P-boats (coastal sloops); Q-ships 108; Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels 44; seaplanes 137, 138, 139, 140, 171—2; submarines see submarines: RN; and Trotsky’s orders for sinking of British
ships 58-64; Victoria crosses won 13, 121, 155; and the War Medal 248-9; wear and tear on vessels 166-7; withdrawal 227,231-8 Royalist, HMS 75, 76, 77, 79, 129, 205 Rundle, Alfred Campbell 51 Rurik 147 Russe 45 Russell, Somerville Peregrine Brownlow 215 Russia 252-3; Americans in 12; AngloSoviet Trade Agreement 241; armies see Red Army; White armies; Bolsheviks see Bolsheviks; Brest-Litovsk Treaty 17, 28-32; British normalisation of Soviet relations 240-1; and China 19; Duma 19, 20, 23, 267; entry into Great War 20; and Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 240; navy see Russian navy; Revolution see Russian Revolution (1917); ‘Rights of the Nations of Russia’ declaration 27; Russo-Japanese War 19-20; Spanish Flu 31; and Treaty of Riga 239-40; and Treaty of Tartu 239 Russian Empire: Baltic 21-2; decline, 1914-17 17-27 Russian navy 20, 58-60, 96, 117-18; Baltic Fleet 19, 21, 31, 52, 54, 58, 59, 80, 100-2, 103, 127, 152, 170, 171, 238, 241; Far East Fleet 19; in Gulf of Finland 100-2, 103, 110-11; minelaying destroyers in Kaporia Bay 170; RN capture of destroyers (1918) 62, 100; sinking of Vittoria 162; sinkings in Operation ‘RK’ 151, 155; submarines 141 Russian Revolution (1917): chronology 267-8; February Revolution in Petrograd 23, 31; October Revolution 24-7, 33, 36, 59 Sandown, HMS 249 Saratov, SS 77, 79, 80, 92, 93, 95, 126 Sardonyx, HMS 235 Scale, J D 237-8 Scavenius, Erik 41 Scheidemann, Philipp 201 Schilde consortium 177 Schuman, Theodore 22 Scotsman, HMS 90, 93, 95, 96 Scott, Richard James Rodney 134 Scottish herring 255 Scout, HMS 101 Seafire, HMS 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 100
seaplanes 137, 138, 139, 140, 171-2 Seawolf, HMS 235 Sebastopol 172 Seeckt, Hans von 179 Sekar 189 Selby, Gerald 197 Selby, Roger Prideaux 50, 131, 197, 2° ’ 202,203 Serbia 20 Serene, HMS 234 Sesame, HMS 234 շ34 Seskar (Seiskari) Island 101, 103, l6l Sevastopol 31, 59 Shackleton, Sir David 122-3 302
INDEX Shakespeare, HMS 101 Shamrock, HMS 234 Shark, HMS 237 Shelton, John 205 Shoreham-by-Sea mutiny 207-8 Short 184 seaplane 137 Shortt, Edward 254 Shrapnell, Arthur 49 Siberia 12 Sinclair, Hugh Frances Paget 81 Sindall, Edgar Robert ‘Sinbad’ 115, 118-20, 150, 271 Slavol, RFA 44, 47 Sleath, James W 186 Smele, Jonathan 247 Smith, Fred ‘Smudge’ 40, 50, 57, 197, 203 Smith, Humphry H 74 Smith, William G 151 Smyth, Harry Hesketh 55, 56-7, 181, 187, 189-90, 191 Snowden, Philip 229 Somervell, David 67 Southwell, Henry Kenneth Martin 111 Soviet armed forces see Red Army; Russian navy Spartacus League 83 Spartak 60, 61 Spectator magazine 69, 127-8 Spenser, HMS 147, 161, 170 Ståhlberg, Kaarlo Juho 173 Stalin, Joseph 252 Stapleton, Stuart Francis 45, 51, 63—4, 203 Steele, Gordon Charles 149, 155, 263—4, 271 Steele, May Mariette 264 Stephens, Francis 151 Stirs Point (Styrsudd) 159, 163, 233, 234 Stockholm 14 Stowell, Henry 212 Strenuous, HMS 234 Stroud, John Stephen 186 Strutters (land planes) 136-7, 138, 139, 148, 167, 168, 233 Stuart, Charles Gage 190 Sturdee, Barry Victor 130 submarines: German see U-boats; RN 102, 103, 104, 110-11, 141, 159, 235, 243-4; Russian 141 Sutphen, Henry 107 Svoboda 170 Sweden 22, 203-4, 237, 264 Tallents, Stephen George 126, 179, 258 Tallinn see Reval/Tallinn Tartu (city) see Dorpat Tartu, Treaty of 239 Tatiana 140 Taylor, David ‘Buck’ 258, 265-6 Telemachus, HMS 129 Tenedos, HMS 235 Terrioki 115-16, 119, 120, 139, 152, 156, 158 Terror, HMS 171 Teutonic Order of Knights 21 Thatcher, Francis 151 Thesiger, Bertram Sackville 45, 55, 60, 61—2, 63-4, 76; on
Tallinn memoria plaque 245 Thesiger, Frederick, 1st Baron Chelmsford 45 Tiger, HMS 106, 241 Times, The 145 Tõnisson, Jaan 239 Torbay, HMS 234 Tovey, John Cronyn 90n trade unions 67, 252, 254 Tregarth 46 Trett, William R H 186 Trotsky, Leon 11, 12, 23, 29, 58, 100, 170, 268 Truro, SS 243-4 Tsushima, Battle of 19 Turquoise, HMS 235 Tweedie, Hugh Justin 164, 212-13 Twiss, WL D 178n, 250 typhus 31 Tyrwhitt, Reginald (‘Blackjack’) 113 U-boats 22, 39; U-15 106 Ukraine 29, 30 Ulmanis, Kriis 35, 36, 54, 56, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 85, 93, 95, 179 United Baltic Duchy 32 United States of America 12, 87—8; American Relief Administration 97-8; isolationism 254; and Japan 12 Unwin, F J 168 Urach, Wilhelm Karl, Duke of 32 Usborne, Thomas R G 151 Vācietis, Jukums 52 Valiant, HMS 219 Valkyrie, HMS 44, 57 Vällings, Frederick Francis Orr 236 Vällings, George Ross 236 Valorous, HMS 141, 192, 193, 194, 212, 234 Vancouver, HMS 124, 141, 212 Vanessa, HMS 235 Vanoc, HMS 180, 183, 189 Vanquisher, HMS 146, 181, 183, 184 Veetis, HMS 159, 160, 163, 206, 210, 231 303
BATTLE IN THE BALTIC Velox, HMS 128, 189, 212 Vendetta, HMS 44, 49-50, 51, 60, 61, 62 Venomous, HMS 198, 233, 234 Venturous, HMS 146, 189, 197, 205 Vepr 141 Verdun, HMS 183 Vernon, HMS 133 Versailles, Treaty of 126, 134-5 Versatile, HMS 102, 111, 212, 234 Verulam, HMS 44, 51, 162-5 Vickers 107 Victory, HMS 263 Vidette, HMS 163 Vimiera, HMS 166 Vindictive, HMS 135-8, 148, 151, 159, 165, 202, 214-16, 232-3, 258, 266 Viscount, HMS 128 Vittoria, HMS 161-2, 165 Vivacious, HMS 111, 127 Vladivostok 12, 19 Volo 233 Volturnus, RFA 173^ Vortigern, HMS 60, 62, 189, 234 Voyager, HMS 115, 116, 189, 190, 191, 194, 197-8, 205, 212, 213, 232, 234 Vsadnik 172 Wakeful, HMS 44, 53, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 199 Wales, John 132 Walk (Valga) 52-3 Walker, HMS 101, 103, 104, 235 Wallace, HMS 102, 198, 212, 232, 234 Walters, Mi[k.]elis 77, 80, 85 Wambola 62 Wanderer, HMS 232 War Expert 131 Waring, Allen 51 Warren, Guy Langton 163, 164-5 Warwick, HMS 235 Watchman, HMS 141 Waterhen, HMS 124 Watson, Herbert Adolphus Grant 272 Wedgewood, Josiah 230 Wemyss, Rosslyn 39, 42, 43, 88-9, 123, 144-5, 148, 154, 182, 208, 209-10, 211, 223-4, 245, 246, 251, 262-3 į? SteaJsbtblioihak j Wenden (Cēsis), Battle of 126 Wessex, HMS 44, 53 West, Alan 246 West Russian Volunteer Army 177, 179, 180, 183, 191, 242 Westcott, HMS 77, 164, 166 Westminster, HMS 44, 49, 51 Whirlwind, HMS 127 White armies 11, 24, 36, 70, 97, 98, 101, 127-8, 176, 240-1, 253, 265; Allies siding with 12, 24-5, 87, 169-73, 251; Petrograd advance 169-73, 238 Whitely, HMS 192, 194, 234 Wight, Robert Leslie 151, 271 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 22, 32 Wilhelm Franz
von Hapsburg (Vasil the Embroidered) 32 Wilkinson, A T 199, 200, 204 Williams, Captain (RAF) 138 Williams, Geoffrey 236 Williams, Leofric Temple Sims 186, 187 Willis, Algernon Usborne 102-3, 111, 115, 122, 198, 200, 201-3, 220, 232, 256 Wilson, Sir Henry Hughes 70, 87 Wilson, Woodrow 68, 87, 254 Winchester, HMS 192, 193, 194, 231 Windau (Ventspils) 77, 79, 81, 82, 90-1, 124, 191, 192 Windsor, HMS 40, 44, 53, 55, 181, 183, 197, 199 Wojan, SS 79 Wolfhound, HMS 44, 53, 55, 56, 90n, 166 Woolston, HMS 44, 53, 57 Worcester, HMS 264 Wrestler, HMS 134 Wryneck, HMS 192, 193, 212, 234 Wulf Island (Aegna) 60, 61n Wynter, Charles 212 Vudenitch, Nikolai Nikolayevich 24, 98, 127-8, 172, 173, 182n, 193 Zālītis, Jānis 80 Zealandia, HMS 74 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Dunn, Steve R. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1128236621 |
| author_facet | Dunn, Steve R. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Dunn, Steve R. |
| author_variant | s r d sr srd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046575462 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1152310520 (DE-599)BVBBV046575462 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lettland Estland |
| id | DE-604.BV046575462 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:07:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781526742735 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031987337 |
| oclc_num | 1152310520 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 304 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts, Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200424 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Seaforth Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Dunn, Steve R. Verfasser (DE-588)1128236621 aut Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 Steve Dunn Barnsley Seaforth Publishing 2020 304 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Porträts, Karte txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Großbritannien Navy (DE-588)1004388-3 gnd rswk-swf Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 gnd rswk-swf Russischer Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4126122-7 gnd rswk-swf Seekrieg (DE-588)4054141-1 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd rswk-swf Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd rswk-swf Geopolitics / Baltic Sea Region / History / 20th century Soviet Union / History / Revolution, 1917-1921 / Naval operations, British Soviet Union / History / Revolution, 1917-1921 / Participation, British Baltic Sea Region / History, Naval / 20th century Baltic States / History / 1918-1940 Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 g Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 g Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 s Russischer Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4126122-7 s Seekrieg (DE-588)4054141-1 s Großbritannien Navy (DE-588)1004388-3 b DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-1-5267-4274-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, Kindle 978-1-5267-4275-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031987337&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031987337&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031987337&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Dunn, Steve R. Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 Großbritannien Navy (DE-588)1004388-3 gnd Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 gnd Russischer Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4126122-7 gnd Seekrieg (DE-588)4054141-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1004388-3 (DE-588)4186820-1 (DE-588)4126122-7 (DE-588)4054141-1 (DE-588)4074187-4 (DE-588)4015587-0 |
| title | Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 |
| title_auth | Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 |
| title_exact_search | Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 |
| title_full | Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 Steve Dunn |
| title_fullStr | Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 Steve Dunn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Battle in the Baltic the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 Steve Dunn |
| title_short | Battle in the Baltic |
| title_sort | battle in the baltic the royal navy and the fight to save estonia and latvia 1918 20 |
| title_sub | the Royal Navy and the fight to save Estonia and Latvia, 1918-20 |
| topic | Großbritannien Navy (DE-588)1004388-3 gnd Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 gnd Russischer Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4126122-7 gnd Seekrieg (DE-588)4054141-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Großbritannien Navy Unabhängigkeit Russischer Bürgerkrieg Seekrieg Lettland Estland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031987337&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031987337&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031987337&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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