Chrudim v době Karla IV.: = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV.
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chrudim
Město Chrudim
2016
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| Ausgabe: | Vydání první |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Personen- und Ortsregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Vydáno při příležitosti 700. výročí narození císaře Karla IV. 400 výtisků |
| Beschreibung: | 223 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788090631816 8090631819 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Frolík, Jan |d 1956- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)142495840 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chrudim v době Karla IV. |b = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |c Jan Frolík, Jan Musil, David Richter, Jan Vojtíšek |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| 250 | |a Vydání první | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chrudim |b Město Chrudim |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a 223 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Pläne |c 23 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 500 | |a Vydáno při příležitosti 700. výročí narození císaře Karla IV. | ||
| 500 | |a 400 výtisků | ||
| 546 | |a Englische Zusammenfassung | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1346-1378 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Chrudim |0 (DE-588)4404444-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Státní okresní archiv Chrudim | |
| 653 | 0 | |a archivní fondy / Česko | |
| 653 | 0 | |a archives / Czechia | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Chrudim (Česko) / dějiny / 14.-15. století | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Chrudim (Czechia) / history / 14th-15th centuries | |
| 653 | 4 | |a 14.-15. století | |
| 653 | 6 | |a prameny | |
| 653 | 6 | |a kolektivní monografie | |
| 653 | 6 | |a sources | |
| 653 | 6 | |a collective monographs | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte 1346-1378 |A z |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Musil, Jan |d 1979- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1105593924 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Richter, David |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vojtíšek, Jan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804181190811320320 |
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| adam_text | Obsah Úvod 3 Chrudim v době Karla IV. Archeologie к podobě a vývoji města. / Jan Frolík 5 Chrudimsko v době Karla IV. Hmotná kultura 14. století/Jan Musil 33 Listy a listiny vydané Karlem IV. královskému věnnému městu Chrudimi / David Richter 63 Daňový systém českých měst za vlády Lucemburků / Jan Vojtíšek 83 Dva berní rejstříky města Chrudimi z let 1399-1402 / Jan Vojtíšek (dokončil a připravil к vydání z pozůstalosti Bedřicha Mendla) 93 Seznam bibliografie 182 Soupis popisků к obrázkům - List of illustrations 199 Jmenný a místní rejstřík 207 English Summary 217 223
Jmenný a místní rejstřík Osoby a místa z editovaných berních rejstříků citované v jednotlivých kapitolách jsou do rejstříku zapsány v původní latinské podobě. Z kapacitních důvodů však do předklá daného rejstříku nebyla pojata samotná edice berních rejstříků. Místní jméno Chrudim včetně městských částí (ulic atd.) nebylo do rejstříku pro svůj všeobecný výskyt v textu zařazeno. A Adam 22 Adam carpentarius 14 Albert, správce Staroměstského orloje 25 Albrecht I. Habsburský, římský král 64, 66 Albrecht caldariator 23 Albrecht de Toppolcz 20 Albrechtec (les) 72 Alžběta Pomořanská, římská císařovna a česká královna 21, 26, 66, 69, 72, 86 Anna Svídnická, římská císařovna a česká královna 69 Andreas Cunzmanni 8 Andreas nepos Pessiini 20 В Bärnau 59 Bartholomeus aurifaber 23 Bartun 22 Bavor Rodovský z Hustiřan, český šlechtic a alchymista 44 Beer Karl, historik 93 Belgie 42 Benátky 24, 45, 59 Beroun 59 Bescmçon 94 Bojanov 37, 52 Bolesud de Wesczie, český šlechtic 35 Boleš (Boleša) 35 Bolešov (zaniklá středověká ves) 35 Braniborsko 3 Briquet Charles-Moïse, historik filigranu 94 Brno 84-87 Boříce 41 Bratislava 59 Břevnov (klášter) 13 Březinka и Hošťalovic 41, 47 C Colonia - viz Kolín Cunat Mit der lyst 95 207
Czeklyn 14 Czesmicz 16 Č Čáslav 33-34,36,42, 65,72 Čech 3 Čechy 5,24,33, 64, 72-73 - číše č. typu 44 - dominikánská provincie 15 - kuchařky 44 - východní 44-45 Čelakovský Jaromír, historik 63 Čeněk z Chrudimi, měšťan 21 České Budějovice 72 České země 46, 48,59, 85, 89, 94 Český Krumlov 45 Český stát 3,33 - kráí 63, 65,70 - královna 25, 65, 69, 86, 88 - království 5, 26, 63, 73, 84, 86, 93 - republika 94 - trůn 64 D Domažlice 72 Doubrava (řeka) 36 Dvakačovice 51 E Eliška Pomořanská - viz Alžběta Pomořanská Eliška Rejčka, česká a polská královna 64-66 F Filip, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 Florián, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 Frana gladiator 22 Francie 42, 44, 49, 94 - víno 89 Frankfurt nad Mohanem 94 Fridrich Habsburský, římský král 64 Fridrich II. Veliký, pruský král 53 G Georgius Ante portam 8 Georgius Roznerus 22 Geremek Bronisław, historik 71 208
Creez - viz Hradec Králové Gugelwit 16 H Haincz de Lanczkrona 20 Hamburk 59 Hana aurifaber 21 Hana judex 21 Hannus Bavarus 20 Hannus de Gréez 22 Hannus filius Langnicz 14 Hannus Schakontancz 14 Haweiswerd (Kladská Bystřice) 72 Hensel 20 Hensel Grauschedel 20 Hensel in lapideo molendlno 20 Hensel judex 21 Hensel portulanus 8 Hensel Santfurer 20 Hensel Schaffer 14 Henslinus Reynllch 21-22 Herman carpentarlus 12, 23 Heřmanův Městec 34,36, 41 Heyreich Hoczengeyr (Hoczengeyryn) 92 Hlinsko 36-37, 63 Hluboká и Trhové Kamenice 51 Hoffmann František, historik 93 Holand 94 Hradec Králové 6, 22,33, 64-65, 68-69,70,72, 87, 89 Hradiště и Českých Lhotic 35 CH Champagne 94 Cheb 68, 84 Chrast 37, 40, 67 Chrašice 40 Chroustovice 34,36 I ítá/ie 44 J Jacobus Clekteyg 22 Jacobus murator 12 Jacussus 20 Jan, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 209
Jan, zahradník 20 Jan de Lucawicz 20 Jan Hus, kazatel a reformátor 44 Jan Jindřich Lucemburský, moravský markrabě 67, 86 Jan Lucemburský, český král 5,13, 64-70, 72, 83 Jan Očko z Vlašimi, arcibiskup pražský 72 Jaroměř 64-65 Jaroslav Chotětický, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 Jeclinus cultelifaber 22 Jemnice 84 Jessko Kzren 20 Ješek z Vartemberka, český šlechtic 64 Jetonice 47 Jezbořice (distrikt) 34 Jihlava 21, 93 Jindřich, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 Jindřich, farář kostela sv. Kříže 15, 21 Jindřich z Isernie, notář 6, 27 Jindřich z Lichtenburka, český šlechtic 51, 64 Jiří z Poděbrad, český král 79 Johana z Rožmitálu, česká královna 71 Johannes de Policzka 20-21 Johannes Heyd 22 Johannes Nunnenkloepfler22 Johannes Reylinus 22 Johannes Scolaris 22 Johannes Silberclosl (Silberclosyl) 22 Johannes Slegel 16 Juerg Vor der pforten 8 К Kadaň 72 Kancz16 Karel IV., římský císař a český král 3, 5-6,13,17, 21,25, 44, 48, 59, 63-74, 84, 86 Karlštejn 3, 89 Kladruby 59 Kobka(Kobea) 8, 20 Kočí 6,21, 25, 87-88 Kočice 6 Kolín 23, 65, 90 Konrád, lokátor 21 Konrád z Chrudimi, farář 6,13, 21 Košumberk (hrad) 34,40, 42-45» 47 Kouřim 65 Kozojedy (tvrz) 41,43 Krakov 59, 73 210
Kres čak 6 7 Kunat de Mutha 21 Kunscho cursor 89 Kutná Hora 21, 72, 84 Kyjev 59 L Lábler Karel, lékárník a odborný spisovatel 63 Laichert Jan, vydavatel 94 Langnîcz 14 Lanškroun (Lanczkrona) 20 Lány u By/cm 41 Lauf (hrad) 59 Lažany 53 Ledeč (okruh) 42 Libicka stezka 36 Lichnice (hrad) 34-36, 40 Litoměřice 72 Litomyšl (biskupství) 15,33, 68 Loštice 43 Lübeck 59 Lucawicz 20 Lucemburkové 15,33, 46, 84-85 Lüssner Mořic, archeolog 4,7,15, 24, 26 Luže 36 M Mars Bartak 20 Martin, císařský hodinář 25 Martin Chrášťanský, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 Matczei (Mathzei) 89 Mathias Moench 16 Matyáš Korvin, uherský král 52 Matzei Hok 20 Medlešice 25 Mělník 89 Mendi Bedřich, historik 93-94 Mensbach 14 Meri Fuchseysnyn 16 Merteyn gener Frosslinisse 20 Mertlin Pratzer, chrudimský měšťan 16, 21, 69,70-72,74 Michahel molendinator 16 Mikuláš Scheczil, kolínský měšťan 90 Mikuláš z Mnětic, český šlechtic 64 Mikuláš z Potštejna, český šlechtic 68 Mirabilis fabri relicta 23 211
Montes (Montibus) - viz Kutná Hora Morašice 41 Morava 5, 48, 66, 73, 84, 86 - severomoravský okruh 42-43 Most 43, 68, 72 Moyses 20 Mrdice (tvrz) 41 Mutha - viz Vysoké Mýto Mykes murator 12 N Nasavrky 37,72 Německo 42 - kolonisté 43 Nicolabs Secacz 20 Nicolaus de Yglavia 21 Niez (Niczko) Spitalmeister 16 Niczko Hanczunger22 Niczko Mirabilis 23 Nizozemí 42 Norimberk 24,39, 43, 59 Nyclas СгеЬемб Nyclas filius Longi Pessiini 20 Nyclas Muench 16 Nyclas Ulussi 22 Nyclin, královnin hofrychtéř88 Nycolaus 89 Nycolaus Golaczer 20 Nycolaus notarius 22, 86, 94 Nykias filius Langnicz 14 Nykias Schikentancz 14 Nymburk 65, 72 O Oheb (hrad) 34 Ojíř z Mrdic, český šlechtic 19 Oldřich z Lichtenburka, český šlechtic 36-37 Olomouc (biskupství) 33-34, 84 - biskup 72 Opatovice nad Labem (klášter) 34, 64 Orel 41 Ostrov 41 Ota, farář kostela Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 P Palacký František, historik a politik 72 212
Parížov 34 Paulus Crauspitzer 14 Pavel Severín z Kapi hory, český humanista a tiskař 44 Perno 72 Pertel 14 Pertel Muelbacz 22 Pessi portulanus 8 Pesslinus 89 Pesslinus Landygot 22 Petr Parléř, stavitel 14 Petrus De curia 12 Petrus НиеЫег7, շշ Petrus Pussiinus 22 Petrus Styrlinus 8,14, 25 PfIuegsbrot 14 Philippus Adalberti 20 Písek 72 Plzeň 59,72, 84 Podhradí u Lichnice 35-36 Podlažice (klášter) 24,37,40, 45, 67 Polička (Policzka) 21, 64-65, 69 Polyxena z Lobkovic, česká šlechtična 43 Potštejn (hrad) 68,72 Praha 59, 72, 85, 89 - arcidiecéze 33 - Karlova (pražská) univerzita 3,33,48 - Karlův most 3 - Katedrála sv. Víta 3 - Nové Město pražské 3, 84 - prostředí 25 - Staré Město pražské 69, 84 Profous Antonín, toponomastik 34 Protivany/Protivenice (zaniklá středověká ves) 34,36 Prusko 73 Předhradí u Rychmburku 35 Přemysl Otakar II., český král 6,36, 68 Přemyslovci 6,13,33, 40, 64 Puta z Častolovic, český šlechtic 68-69,72 R Rabštejnek (hrad) 34,40 Raná 37 Rebel 22 Reynlich 14 Rohlyn 22 Rokycany 59
Ronov nad Doubravou 34,36-37 Rosice 41 Rothenslinus 92 Roubic Antonín, archivář 16, 94 Roubík František, historik 34 Rozenberk (Rožmberk?) 20-21 Rozpakov (hrad) 40,46 Rudolf Habsburský, český král 65 Rusko 73 Rybička Antonín, právník a historik 63, 65 Rychmburk (hrad) 34-35,45 Rzehak de Rozenberk 20 Ř Řestoky 41 Římská říše 72-73 - císař 63, 65 S Samařov 47 Samota Sv. Jiří 47 Seč 37 Sedláček August, historik 34, 64 Sedlec и Kutné Hory (klášter) 6 Seydlinus de Kancz 16 Sezemice (klášter) 34 Schestlinus 20 Skuteč36, 47,53 Slezsko 3 Smrkový Týnec 40 Sobětuchy 46 Špačice 35 Stameczendorf/Steymneczendorff (zaniklá středověká ves) 6, 88 Stoupec (tvrz) 41, 47 Strádov (hrad) 34, 40, 47, 48, 72 Stříbro 26,59 Stusyně (zaniklá středověká ves) 34,36 Sulzbach 59 Sušice 72 Svídnice (pivo) 89 Svoboda Jan, jazykovědec 34 Svratka (řeka) 46 Symon 89 Š Šimák Josef Vítěslav, historik 94 214
Šmilauer Vladimír, jazykovědec 34 Štěpán Luděk, regionální historik 34 Štěpán z Tetova, český šlechtic 72 Štěpánov 47 T Tachov 59,72 Tas z Rychemburka, český šlechtic 64 Teplý Jaroslav, historik 34 Thomas Grauschedel 20 Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného, český šlechtic a literát 43 Topol 6, 88 Toppolcz 20 Trhová Kamenice 37 Tři Bubny 47 U Udalricus de Montibus 21 Uherský Brod 43 UIreich Glokengisseri4 UIussus Spitalmeyr 16 V Václav I., český král 6 Václav II., český a polský král 64 Václav IV., římský a český král 3, 5, 21, 26, 44, 49, 64,70, 84, 86, 89 Václav Nejedlý, chrudimský radní 53 Václav Strnad, farář Nanebevzetí P. Marie 21 Vejvanovice 71 Veštec u Běstvíny 35 Veštec и Chrudimi 46 Vildštejn (hrad) 34, 40, 46,47 Vilémov (klášter) 35,51-52 Vincencius braxator 22 Vincencius pistor 22 Vodňany84 Vratislav 59 Vršov 51 Vysoké Mýto 21,33, 49, 64-65, 68-69, 72, 89 W Walkus 14 Wawerzinecz gener Pessconis 20 Wenclaw Smetankegel 20 Wenclaw judex 21 Wenczl Droschel (Drossyl) 20 215
Wencziaw Bernhart 87 Wenczlaw filius Jeskeleyn 20 Wencziaw (Wenceslaus) Denwolf 12, 22 Wesczie - viz Veštec и Běstviny Y Yglavia - viz Jihlava Z Zaalpská produkce 45 Zacharias, královnin podkomoří 88 Zaječice 46 Západní Evropa 42,59 Zdislav - Na Komórce (tvrziště) 41 Země Koruny české 3,5,26, 72, 63 Zikmund Lucemburský, římský císař a český a uherský král 5, 84 Zkamenělý zámek и Svratky 46 Ž Žatec 72 Žďár nad Sázavou (klášter) 72 Žďárské vrchy 34 Žebrák 59, 89 Železné hory 34-35 Žitava 72 Žofie Bavorská, římská a česká královna 21, 25, 86, 88 Žumberk (hrad, městečko) 34-35,37, 40 216
English Summary Jan Frolik: The Town of Chrudim in the Times of Charles IV. The Testimony of Archae ology to the Appearance and Development of the Town As far as common knowledge is concerned, the reign of Charles IV (1346-1378) is asso ciated with an era of development and prosperity not only on countrywide but also regional level. Also, the town of Chrudim underwent in the second half of the 14th century considerable development that continued until the outbreak of the Hussite movement. This development is corroborated by not only a relatively small number of written sources but also since the 1980s gradually increasing archaeological sour ces. The group of written sources was recently enlarged by a fragment of Tax register from years 1399-1402 (cf. contribution by J. Vojtíšek and B. Mendi in this volume). The history of Chrudim and its archaeological sources has been repeatedly summarised in recent years. Therefore, we will try to determine if the Tax register can add some new information to the already known pieces of knowledge or if, on the other hand, archae ological observations may somehow clarify the facts described in the register. The Tax register provides information on reconstructions of the city walls that were attested in the written sources for the first time in the year 1349, but archaeology has confirmed that the city walls began to be constructed shortly after the High Medieval town foundation prior the year 1276. It seems, thus, thatthe reconstructions mentioned in the Tax register were likely related to a rather poor quality of their construction as
was repeatedly corroborated by archaeological fieldwork. The register also mentions the reconstruction of a tower (carpentario pro refeccione turris); however, in this case, the tower may also belong to a church. Moreover, the register lists two city gatekeepers (Pessi portulanus, Hensel portulanus). When speaking of city walls, we may also mention the bridges that are referred to in the register (Andree Cunczmanni pro labore pontis, Petro Styrlino pro labore pontis). On the other hand, the Tax register does not provide any information on city houses subjected to tax payment. The only exception represents references to the appropriate craftsmen - builders such as Jacobus murator, Mykes murator, Herman carpentarius. The registeralsocontainslocalnames(toponyms)onlyrareIy. Moreover, iftheyarementioned, their majority cannot be precisely localised (Plathea Judeorum, Plathea Fabrorum, the House in Schekelzberk). The town also issued a certain amount of money for the house of a bell founder (pro domo campanatoris). The town also donated money to repair the Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (muratori pro ecclesie, Ade carpentario pro ecclesia). What is quite surprising is the mention of a horologe (Petro Styrlino pro labore et Pontis horalogii). The first prologist (astronomical clock maker) in Bohemia appears at the court of Charles IV. An imperial watchmaker named Martin is attested in the year 1361, and another - Albert, in the year 1381. The horologe (horologium) in Chrudim would, thus, belong to the earliest astrono mical clocks in Bohemia. The reference to a bell
founder (Ulreich Glokengisser) may be also connected to the ecclesiastical milieu and its constructions. A monastery of the Dominican Order also existed in Chrudim. It is mentioned for the first time in a list of monasteries of the Bohemian Dominican Province in the years 1308-1312. It also is quoted in a document from the year 1349 (domus ordinis Fratrum predicator um). Thus, the Tax register provides us with a significant amount of 217
new information related to this monastery for it lists butcher’s and bread shops, and several undifferentiated shops (pro scampno monialium) belonging to the monastery that were subjected to taxes. The register also cites the name of the only well-known member of the monastic community (the prior Cugelwit provisor). Also, another name mentioned in the register - Mathias Moench, sounds quite tempting, however, in this case, we cannot ascertain whether he really was a monk and whether the name was a surname or a nickname. There were two hospitals in the town of Chrudim, and both were situated in the suburbs. The register lists their property, and it distinguishes a new hospital (hospitale novum), i.e. the hospital by the Church of St Catherine founded in 1359, and an old hospital (hospitale antiquum) by the church of St John the Baptist. The hospitals were administered by a hospital supervisor, and some of them are even mentioned in the Tax register (Niez Spitalmeyr/Niczko Spitalmeister, Ulussus Spitalmeyr). A leprosarium (leper hospital) mentioned in connection with a townsman named Meri Fuchseysnn who had rented one butcher’s shop represents a rather mysterious and surprising reference. Since its foundation, the High Medieval town was surrounded by suburbia (New Town, Catherine ans St. John suburbs). Suburbia also contained facilities such as mills and baths. The Tax register provides more detailed information on these facilities for it cites two baths (Balneum Jacussi, balneum sub porta). Altogether, five mills or more precisely five millers are mentioned in both tax
years, partly with location data (Kobea sub porta/Kobka sub porta; Hense/ in lapideo molendino/Hensi in lapideo molendino; sub longo monte; supremum molendium Wenczl Droschel/Wenclaw Drossyl). It is possible to identify the mill sub porta belonging to the miller Kobka with the known Podfortenský mill (house land-registry No. 104/IV), and, thus, shift its existence about 40 years back in time. The highest up-river (on the river Chrudimka) mill was the Podkopanický mill (house land-registry No. 86/II), and we can probably identify it with the upper mill (supremum molendinum). If the use of stone as construction material represented a di stinguishing feature as is suggested by the mention of a stone mill - lapido molendino, then it seems that mills were apparently built of other materials (wood). In addition to data referring to taxes paid, and the number of craftsmen, the Tax register provides information on some other affairs of the town inhabitants. Most of the names are of German origin such as Thomas Grauschedel, Hensel Santfurer, while some names are Czech (Mars Bartak, Wenclaw Smetankegel), and, last but not least, some names are origin-indifferent for us such as Matzei Hok. To be more specific: there are 300 German-sounding names, 134 Czech-sounding, and 142 indifferent. We can also identify names of Jewish inhabitants (Moyses et Hensel Grauschedel brasiatorum). Moreover, there are also two references to a certain Moyses but it may be the same per son. The presence of a greater number of Jewish inhabitants and their concentration in a particular part of the town can
be also corroborated by the toponyms Jewish lane (Plathea Judeorum) mentioned in the register. The smooth running of the town was administered by municipal officials. Initially, they comprised a town magistrate who stood in the King’s interests in the town. The earliest attested magistrate was the locator Conrad. Other magistrates are known only sporadically, and references from the Tax register provide us with some տօ-far un known names (Hensel judex, Hana judex, Wenclaw Judex). The Tax register also enables re-dating of the earliest record of a town school (originally dated to the year 1439) as 218
it mentions a schoolmaster (recurring charges for Johannis scolari as well as payment of a house tax). The town also provided means for the school (Vincendo braxatori pro distri būtis domine Regine et scole, Ade pro labore scole, Wenceslao Denwolfpro repa racione scole). Similarly, means were also provided for a scribe (Nycoiaus notarius) in the tax year 1401-1402. So far, the earliest reference dates back to the year 1439. The Tax register also provides detailed information on local crafts. Taxpayers are divided there into groups according to their craft. Some other craftsmen are listed in non-craft part of the register (goldsmith, swordsmith). Altogether, 548 persons are recorded in the Tax register. Taverns, six in total, are mentioned more specifically. Sellers of cloth /Cloth weavers represent the most numerous group (151 persons). Such a large number indicate a well-organised production, and predominantly export focusing on areas beyond the city walls. The 39 people residing in the plathea fabrorum cover a whole range of diverse crafts mostly focusing on metals (blacksmiths, girdlers, goldsmiths - Bartholomeus aurifaber, de Colonia swordsmith) or fire (Albrech caldariator potter). Some crafts (production activities) appear only in the expenditure part of the register (magister pixidum - a painter). A rather interesting group are the women paying the craft tax. Sometimes, it is specifically stated that she is a widow (Mirabilis fabri relicta) while sometimes the operated craft is rather surprising (Antiqua gladiatrix, i.e. a female swordsmith if it is not a nickname).
Jan Musil: The Region of Chrudim in the Times of Charles IV. Material Culture in the 14th Century As far as the material culture of the very life is concerned, 14th century represen ted a significant milestone. This era can be characterised by distinctive disseminati on of style and civilizational achievements from the West Europe, towns began to be constructed from stone, the distinctive Gothic vertical found its expression in the tecto nics of pottery and glass vessels as well as in garments and clothing accessories. This paper summarises our current knowledge of everyday life in the region of Chrudim. Apart from the town foundation, the region can be described as a region of mostly county gentry, with heavily fragmented land tenure. The town of Chrudim was the only royal centre and seat of regional and religious authorities. The market and settlement structure of the region was filled in with other less numerous serf cities. Secular nobi lity held larger holdings with the dominant castle or fortress architecture. Other major regional landlords were religious organisations. Our knowledge of rural settlement in the regions of Iron Mountains and Žďárské Hills is still considerably incomplete. While double-row or street-type villages can be found in previously inhabited and deforested areas of the region of Chrudim, forest field and forest double-row villages were founded in areas with higher altitudes affected by the High Medieval colonisation. This rather simple settlement pattern was dominated by centres of higher economic or market functions - townlets, and
administrative centres in the form of small or larger feudal seats with adjoining agricultural hinterland with Meierhofs (farmsteads) that could have grown over the time into townlets. This structure was supplemented by the so-called villages with the irregular layout that were founded at forest clearings and glades and can be generally dated to 16th century. However, the settlement, especially at higher altitudes, had gradually decreased due to climate changes, wars and other factors in the course of 14th and 15th centuries to 219
reduce settlement. Medieval royal towns, small serf towns as well as centres with economic or market function (the so-called market villages) that could have later developed into towns represent another type of settlements. Chrudim was the only royal town and the main centre in the region as well as the most im portant long-distance trade centre. Its dominant position was furthermore strengthened by the so-called mile-law that largely influenced the local market settlement structure. It seems that serf towns began to emerge at the turn of 13th and 14th centuries. As far as the material culture of the medieval town is concerned, we are extremely dependent on the results of rescue excavations conducted in Chrudim town’s core because the archaeological understanding of feudal towns in the Chrudim region is very poor. The earliest stone castles in the region of Chrudim appeared in the 13th century. Towards the end of the 13th century and early 14th century, certain castle type appeared: castles with a commanding rectangular residential tower such as Rabštejnek and Strádov castles; Košumberk castle was probably also similarly rebuilt. The earliest phase of the Žumberk castle was undoubtedly built in this time. The layout of a small castle Rozpakov was a rather vague. The castle Rychmburk was probably built in the 14th century. Perhaps at the turn of the 14th and 15th century, the castle Oheb was founded on a mountain of the same name. In the Middle Ages, the region of Chrudim predominantly represented a region of the gentry. Simple fortress encircled by a moat and sometimes a
bank constituted the leading type of small medieval fortification. Mainly the fortresses were closely connected with their economic hinterland formed by villages or farmyards. The 14th century was a period of dissemination of technological innovations into the wider Central Europe that touched almost all aspects of human activities. Ceramic production can be characterised by thespread of ceramic waresthrown on afast potter s wheel. By using the fast wheel, the potters were able to form perfectly symmetrical, thin-walled, tall, slim and elegant shapes of balanced proportions precisely in the spirit of the contemporary style. Since the 14th century, the occurrence of glass vessels such as beakers of the Bohemian type gradually increased. Besides various types of hollow glass vessels, flat glass window glass also began to appear frequently. But it was the heating system that underwent the revolutionary change - introduction of tile stoves. Our understanding of garments and clothing accessories is limited by their ‘durability’ in different archaeological contexts. An important source of information on dissemina tion of Gothic fashion and long-distance trade is the occurrence of clothing accessories such as buckles and belt-ends. Last of all, we should mention a relatively attractive group of find illustrating the weaponry and military equipment. We must bear in mind that since the 13th century, the arms production had moved to urban workshops. The same situation can be attested in the town of Chrudim. Our understanding the militaria in the region of Chrudim primarily relies on
a unique set of metal artefacts from Vildstejn castle that was mainly supplemented by individual finds from the region of Chrudim. At that time, armour of mounted warrior consisted mostly of a chain-mail shirt. Iron brigandine plates belong among rare armourfinds. A one-handed sword combined with a dagger or a larger knife naturally represented the main side medieval arm. Classification of axes represents a very problematic issue for battle axes have not been published from the region of Chrudim so far. A mace is another blunt weapon that is rarely attested in the region of Chrudim. On the 220
other hand, lances and spears are fairly widespread. Also, mechanical weapons such as bows and, since the 13th century, crossbows were quite frequent in the Middle Ages. Mounted warriors were equipped by spurs, stirrups, and bridle-bits. Spurs with a long spike terminated with a disc represent the characteristic type of 14th century spurs. So far, iron stirrups are known only from the castle environment. A new type of more effective bridle-bit disseminated in the course of the 14th century. David Richter: Deeds and Charters Issued by Charles IV to the Royal Dowry Town of Chrudim In the Middle Ages, privileges represented an important tool used for the economic and legal boom of towns. They were bestowed by a king on the royal cities, among which was also Chrudim. Charles IV undoubtedly belonged among the most generous benefactors. He bestowed a number of privileges on the town that significantly expanded its economic opportunities, reduced economic burden and adapted its legal authority. Besides these privileges, the life of local townspeople was also influenced by additional lists or orders. While some of them were explicitly issued to Chrudim, others were of more general nature; and it should be kept in mind when evaluating them. This contribution focuses on those privileges as well as other deeds, regulations and lists that Charles IV bestowed on Chrudim and, thus, influenced, in some way, the life of the local townspeople. The most significant deeds constitute of reduction of the royal taxes (1341), exemption from the obligation to pay customs duties and taxes in
neighbouring markets (1348), forfeiture of assets of convicted criminals in favour of the town (1348), reduction of isolation of cloth weavers and sellers of cloth and the necessity of subordination of alltowninhabitantstothetowncouncil(i352), confirmation of the bequest of Mertlin Praczer for the municipal hospital (1359), and the right to freely sell, donate and bequeath the property of townsmen (1372). A single document corroborates the fact that the Emperor Charles IV resided in the town of Chrudim - a deed issued in Chrudim from March 1353 reducing the amount of royal taxes paid by residents of the town of Sušice. That does not necessarily mean that the Emperor lived in the town only once. However, just a single document has survived. At the same time, the only attested stay of the Emperor in Chrudim does not mean that Chrudim played an insignificant role in his royal policy. The preserved documents and privileges confirmed that the town formed an important part of the royal programme of the economic development of the country as well as the process of legal stabilisation. Moreover, the town was included, together with other cities, among the so-called inalienable property listed in his Code. Thus, since the beginning of 14th century, Chru dim belonged among the so-called dowry towns (towns pledged to queens in order to ensure their income). Moreover, the reign of Charles IV is also associated with the last reference to the local magistrate and the first mention of a suburban hospital. Jan Vojtíšek: Tax System of Bohemian Towns during the Reign of the House of Luxem
bourg The chapter presents the tax system of royal towns in the 14th century, and the author analyses also the practical aspects of municipal taxes collecting such as how the collecting was done and how and where it took place in the towns. The author naturally focuses on the town of Chrudim. The text not only introduces the system of 221
tax collection in royal towns during the reign of the House of Luxemburg but also sets the Tax register of Chrudim (its edition is included in the next chapter) into a broader context and clarifies the use of the register for the of municipal taxes collecting. Jan Vojtíšek (completed and prepared for publication from the unpublished work of the late Bedřich Л/lendl): Two Tax Registers of the Town of Chrudim from the Years 1399-1402 This chapter represents a critical edition of two preserved Tax registers of the town of Chrudim in the years 1399-1400 and 1401-1402. Besides the original documents, the edition is based on the unpublished transcript of these sources from the pen of Bed řich Mendi, preserved in his inheritance. Unfortunately, none of these registers, drawn up on paper, has been preserved in its entirety. The former register lacks first three folia and final lists, while the latter six inner folia. Together, however, they represent written sources that enable us to outline the economic and social situation in the town of Chrudim at the turn of 14th and 15th centuries. Both registers have the same structure: the individual taxpayers are divided into groups mainly according to their crafts (except for the initial group of the most influential citizens) and, within these groups, they are alphabetically ordered. Municipal craftsmen are followed by taxpayers from three borough villages belonging to the town of Chrudim. Final folia of the registers contain data regarding collecting the losunga payments (municipal taxes) and munici pal expenses as well that greatly
enrich our knowledge of the medieval history of the town of Chrudim. The structure of the registers edition follows the original document. In order to facilitate work with the edited text system of abbreviations was applied ( = text struck off, = added text, [ ] = additions of the editors,... = unreadable parts of the text). Besides the registers, a small piece of paper inscribed on both sides has been preserved that refers on one side to an inspection of the edited registers conducted by a vice-chamberlain. The text on the other side dates to the year 1428 and informs us about the municipal collection assembling conducted in the same year. This piece of paper is also included in this edition and its text follows the registers. 222
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Frolík, Jan 1956- Musil, Jan 1979- Richter, David Vojtíšek, Jan |
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| author_facet | Frolík, Jan 1956- Musil, Jan 1979- Richter, David Vojtíšek, Jan |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Frolík, Jan 1956- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046575030 |
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| edition | Vydání první |
| era | Geschichte 1346-1378 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1346-1378 |
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| genre_facet | Quelle |
| geographic | Chrudim (DE-588)4404444-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Chrudim |
| id | DE-604.BV046575030 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:47:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788090631816 8090631819 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031986917 |
| oclc_num | 1164632373 |
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| physical | 223 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne 23 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200724 |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Město Chrudim |
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| spelling | Frolík, Jan 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)142495840 aut Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. Jan Frolík, Jan Musil, David Richter, Jan Vojtíšek The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. Vydání první Chrudim Město Chrudim 2016 223 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Vydáno při příležitosti 700. výročí narození císaře Karla IV. 400 výtisků Englische Zusammenfassung Geschichte 1346-1378 gnd rswk-swf Chrudim (DE-588)4404444-6 gnd rswk-swf Státní okresní archiv Chrudim archivní fondy / Česko archives / Czechia Chrudim (Česko) / dějiny / 14.-15. století Chrudim (Czechia) / history / 14th-15th centuries 14.-15. století prameny kolektivní monografie sources collective monographs (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content Chrudim (DE-588)4404444-6 g Geschichte 1346-1378 z DE-604 Musil, Jan 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)1105593924 aut Richter, David Verfasser aut Vojtíšek, Jan Verfasser aut Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personen- und Ortsregister Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Frolík, Jan 1956- Musil, Jan 1979- Richter, David Vojtíšek, Jan Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4404444-6 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| title_alt | The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| title_auth | Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| title_exact_search | Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| title_full | Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. Jan Frolík, Jan Musil, David Richter, Jan Vojtíšek |
| title_fullStr | Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. Jan Frolík, Jan Musil, David Richter, Jan Vojtíšek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chrudim v době Karla IV. = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. Jan Frolík, Jan Musil, David Richter, Jan Vojtíšek |
| title_short | Chrudim v době Karla IV. |
| title_sort | chrudim v dobe karla iv the town of chrudim in the times of charles iv |
| title_sub | = The town of Chrudim in the times of Charles IV. |
| topic_facet | Chrudim Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031986917&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT frolikjan chrudimvdobekarlaivthetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT musiljan chrudimvdobekarlaivthetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT richterdavid chrudimvdobekarlaivthetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT vojtisekjan chrudimvdobekarlaivthetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT frolikjan thetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT musiljan thetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT richterdavid thetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv AT vojtisekjan thetownofchrudiminthetimesofcharlesiv |