Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham, Switzerland
Springer
[2019]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Synthese library
volume 410 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | ix,185 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783030188450 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Part I Burnishing the Legacy 1 Introduction................................................................................................. 3 2 Hempel’s Deductive-Nomological Model: Inthe Beginning................ 15 3 Laws and Corresponding Counterfactuals, - An Untenable Connection.................................................................................................... 23 4 5 6 F. Dretske’s Total Rejection of the Hempel-Model.............................. 4.1 The Challenge.................................................................................... 4.2 Laws as Relations.............................................................................. 4.2.1 Laws as Singular Statements............................................. 4.3 Laws as Singular Statements that Relate Intensional Terms.... 4.3.1 Are There Many Relations That Are Used in Various Laws?.................................................................... 4.3.2 What About Non-equational Laws?................................. Prelude to Armstrong: A Mathematical Revolution That Inspired F. Ramsey, and Left Russell and Armstrong Unmoved....................................................................................................... 5.1 Extensional and Intensional Relations............................................ 5.1.1 Nonextensionality and Scientific Laws............................ D. Armstrong’s Account of Laws: Identity Lost, Regained, and Lost Again............................................................................................ 6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
of Armstrong’s Almost Exclusive Dependence on Universals in His Account of Laws.............................................................................................. 6.2 Universals, Predicates, and Propositional Functions..................... 6.3 Examples of Second-Order Laws and Their First-Order Instantiations...................................................................................... 6.4 Some Formal Properties of the Relation of Necessitation N(F,G)... 31 31 32 35 36 39 40 43 45 55 63 63 67 69 71 VÜ
Contents viii 7 Laws and Accidental Generalities............................................................ 7.1 The Lotze Uniformity Condition...................................................... 7.2 Observations and Consequences for (LAG).................................... 7.3 Laws as Bound with Explanation.................................................... 7.4 Gold Spheres, Rusty Screws, and Rocks with Iron....................... References......................................................................................................... Part II 8 9 10 75 75 79 83 85 87 Theoretical Scenarios, Schematic Theories and Physical and Nomie Modals The Explanation of Laws: Two Neglected and Radically Different Theories. One Inspired by D. Hilbert; the Other Inspired by F. Ramsey................................................................................... 8.1 The Campbellian Background............................................................. 8.2 Deductive Systems and Their Laws.................................................... 8.3 Deductive Systems and Theories..................................................... 8.4 The Mill-Ramsey-Braithwaite Account of Laws (MRB).............. 8.5 Deductive Systems and the Explanation of Laws.......................... 8.6 Ernest Nagel’s Theory; Campbellian Origins................................. 8.7 Explanation and Theories Without Truth-Values........................... 8.8 Explanation: Axiomatization and the Hilbert Connection............. 8.9 Explanation: The Schematic
Account............................................. 8.10 Explanation: Whither Campbell’s Dictionary?............................... 8.11 Explanation, Schematic Subsumption, and Factivity..................... 8.12 Explanation and Generality.............................................................. 8.13 The Model-Theoretic View of Theories - A Disclaimer............... David Hilbert’s Architecture of Theories and Schematic Structuralism.................................................................................................. 9.1 The Architecture of Theories........................................................... 9.2 Hilbertian Concepts........................................................................... 9.3 Schematic Physical Theories............................................................ 9.4 Schematic Theories, Schematic Subsumtion, Subsumptive Explanation and Successes............................................................... Theories, Theoretical Scenarios, Their Magnitude Vector Spaces and the Modal Physical Possibilities they Provide.................. 10.1 Theoretical Scenarios and Laws.................................................... 10.2 The Variety of States of Theories.................................................. 10.3 The Magnitude Vector Space of a Theory (MVS)...................... 10.4 A Shift: The Focus on Laws with Background Theories (or Theoretical Scenarios).............................................................. 10.5 The Magnitude Vector Spaces Associated with Theories........... 91 91 92 94 96 98 99 100 101 104
105 106 108 110 113 113 121 123 126 131 131 134 136 138 139
Contents 11 12 The Possibilities That Theories Provide (Physical Modals) and the Possibilities of Laws (Nomie Modals)....................................... 11.1 Theoretical (Physical) Possibilities................................................ 11.2 Gentzen Implication Structures, and Their Modals...................... 11.3 Necessity and Possibility Operators on the Vector Magnitude Space of Theories........................................................ 11.3.1 Probability Spaces and Modality.................................... 11.4 Magnitude Vector Spaces, and Their Theoretical (Physical) Possibilities...................................................................................... 11.5 Laws and Law-Designated Possibilities: The Nomie Possibilities...................................................................................... 11.5.1 Ohm’s Law....................................................................... 11.5.2 Galileo’s Law of Falling Bodies..................................... 11.5.3 A Mach-Style Generalization of (D).............................. 11.5.4 A Logical Relation (Gentzen Implication Relation) Between Nomie Possibilities........................................... Schematic Theories, Subsumtion of Laws, and Non-accidental Generalizations............................................................................................ 12.1 The Incorporation of Laws into Schematic Theories................... 12.1.1 The Newtonian Theory of Mechanics............................ 12.1.2 The Lagrangian Theory of Mechanics...........................
12.1.3 The Hamiltonian Theory................................................. 12.1.4 Kolmogorov’s Schematic Axiomatization of Probability.................................................................... 12.1.5 The Kolmogorov Axiomatization of Probability as a Schematic Modal Theory.................... 12.1.6 Probabilistic-Truth and the Logical Operators.............. 12.1.7 The Modal Character of Kolmogorov’s Theory of Probability.................................................................... 12.2 Subsumtive Explanation*, Truth, and Non-accidentality............ 12.3 A Connection Between Explanation and Explanation*.............. 12.4 Generality Redux. The Generality of Theories Compared to the Laws That They Explain..................................................... ix 143 143 145 146 146 153 153 154 155 155 156 159 159 160 165 167 169 169 171 172 174 174 175 Bibliography......................................................................................................... 179 Index...................................................................................................................... 183
Synthese Library 410 Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science Arnold Koslow Laws and Explanations; Theories and Modai Possibilities The book has two parts: In the first, after a review of some seminal classical accounts of laws and explanations, a new account is proposed for distinguishing between laws and accidental generalizations (LAG). Among the new consequences of this proposal it is proved that any explanation of a contingent generalization shows that the generalization is not accidental. The second part involves physical theories, their modality, and their explanatory power. In particular, it is shown that (1) Each theory has a theoretical implication structure associated with it, such that there are new physical modal operators on these structures and also special modal entities that are in these structures. A special subset ot the physical modals, the nomie modals are associated with the laws of theories. (2) The familiar idea that theories always explain laws by deduction of them has to be seriously modified in light of the fact that there are a host of physical theories (including for example, Newtonian Classical mechanics, Hamiltonian, and Lagrangian theory, and probability theory) that we believe are schematic (they do not have any truth value). Nevertheless, we think that there is a kind of non-deductive explanation and generality that they achieve by subsumtion under a schema.
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:44:33Z |
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| isbn | 9783030188450 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Koslow, Arnold Verfasser (DE-588)1205163468 aut Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities Arnold Koslow Cham, Switzerland Springer [2019] ix,185 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Synthese library volume 410 Rechtsnorm (DE-588)4048812-3 gnd rswk-swf Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 gnd rswk-swf Verallgemeinerung (DE-588)4316262-9 gnd rswk-swf Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 s DE-604 Rechtsnorm (DE-588)4048812-3 s Verallgemeinerung (DE-588)4316262-9 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, eBook 978-3-030-18846-7 Synthese library volume 410 (DE-604)BV000005044 410 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031848077&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031848077&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| title | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities |
| title_auth | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities |
| title_exact_search | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities |
| title_full | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities Arnold Koslow |
| title_fullStr | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities Arnold Koslow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities Arnold Koslow |
| title_short | Laws and explanations; theories and modal possibilities |
| title_sort | laws and explanations theories and modal possibilities |
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