Men under fire: motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918
"In historical writing on World War I, Czech-speaking soldiers serving in the Austro-Hungarian military are typically studied as Czechs, rarely as soldiers, and never as men. As a result, the question of these soldiers' imperial loyalties has dominated the historical literature to the excl...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York; Oxford
Berghahn
2020
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Ausgabe: | English-language edition |
Schriftenreihe: | Austrian and Habsburg studies
vol 26 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | rezensiert in: Hungarian Historical Review, 2020, 2, S. 366-368 rezensiert in: Bohemia, 60 (2020), 2, S. 319-321 Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
Zusammenfassung: | "In historical writing on World War I, Czech-speaking soldiers serving in the Austro-Hungarian military are typically studied as Czechs, rarely as soldiers, and never as men. As a result, the question of these soldiers' imperial loyalties has dominated the historical literature to the exclusion of any debate on their identities and experiences. Men under Fire provides a groundbreaking analysis of this oft-overlooked cohort, drawing on a wealth of soldiers' private writings to explore experiences of exhaustion, sex, loyalty, authority, and combat itself. It combines methods from history, gender studies, and military science to reveal the extent to which the Great War challenged these men's senses of masculinity, and to which the resulting dynamics influenced their attitudes and loyalties."-- |
Beschreibung: | "Originally published in Czech in 2016 as Muži proti ohni: motivace, morálka a mužnost českých vojáků Velké války, 1914-1918, by Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny."--Title page verso "This text represents a substantial reworking and extension of the Czech original that was published by Nakladatelství Lidové noviny in Prague in 2016."--Preface to the English Edition |
Beschreibung: | xi, 288 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9781789205411 |
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500 | |a "This text represents a substantial reworking and extension of the Czech original that was published by Nakladatelství Lidové noviny in Prague in 2016."--Preface to the English Edition | ||
520 | 3 | |a "In historical writing on World War I, Czech-speaking soldiers serving in the Austro-Hungarian military are typically studied as Czechs, rarely as soldiers, and never as men. As a result, the question of these soldiers' imperial loyalties has dominated the historical literature to the exclusion of any debate on their identities and experiences. Men under Fire provides a groundbreaking analysis of this oft-overlooked cohort, drawing on a wealth of soldiers' private writings to explore experiences of exhaustion, sex, loyalty, authority, and combat itself. It combines methods from history, gender studies, and military science to reveal the extent to which the Great War challenged these men's senses of masculinity, and to which the resulting dynamics influenced their attitudes and loyalties."-- | |
546 | |a Translated from the original Czech into English | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents List of Illustrations Preface to the English Edition Introduction viii x 1 1. Tournament of Manliness: Mobilization 29 2. Compromises of Manliness: Everyday Experience 62 3. Transformation of Manliness: Comradeship 115 4. Degradation of Manliness: The Military Authorities 142 5. Venues of Manliness: Home 181 6. Manliness under Fire: Combat and the Body 219 Conclusion 251 Bibliography Index 260 279
Bibliography Primary Ѕошсеѕ Archives Central Military Archives - Military HistoricalArchives in Prague Sbírka historických prací, kart. 7: V.P. Hájický, Křížová cesta ČsL vojska - z mých zápisků ze Srbska (manuscript). Sbírka historických prací, kart. 7: Jan Sýkora, Tamavka — Obrázek ze světové války (manuscript). Sbírka osob II, Pozůstalost Bohuslava Hály, Vzpomínky: Vzpomínka na 11. sočskou bitvu (typescript). Literary Archive - Memorial ofNational Literature Fond František Langer, inv. č. 12952. State District Archive in Olomouc Fond Janošík Jan, pplk. v. v. State District Archive in Havlíčkův Brod Sbírka soudobé dokumentace okresu Havlíčkův Brod, sign. D7A, Diary of František Čapek (manuscript). Regional Museum in Olomouc Sbírka ‘Novodobé dějiny ֊ odboj’, č. 67/2016, The Zeman Family Letters. Regional Museum in Dobruška - Archival Collections Jarkovský, Josef, Kronika ze světové války od roku 1/2 1915 do 4/9 1919 (manuscript), sig. XIV/300. Slezák, Josef, Paměti Josefa Slezáka k I světové válce, (manuscript, 5 vols), unprocessed. Ulrych, Josef, Moje zápisky, 1893-1922, (manuscript, 1922), CD-ROM 115.
Bibliography I 261 Private Collections Private collection of Eva Horová: wartime correspondence of Adolf Vraspir. Private collection of Jan Janošík: wartime diary and correspondence of Josef Janošík. Private collection of Martin Cihák: wartime diary of Václav Doležal. Private collection of the Cundrle family: wartime family correspondence of Jan Cundrle. Private collection of the Holec family: wartime diary of František Bouška, Zápisky ze světové války 1914-1920 a z čsl. revolučního vojska na Rusi. Published Primary Sources Bass, Eduard. Moje kronika. Prague, 1985. Bliimlová, Dagmar, ed. .. .Ale vojna je tak úžasná věc, že ztráví celého člověka”: Velká válka v životě a díle jazykovědce Františka Jílka-Oberpfalcera’. In Armáda, společnost a první světová válka: Sborník příspěvků z vědecké konference konané v Jihočeském muzeu v Českých Budějovicích dne 8. listopadu 2002. České Budějovice, 2003, 13-16. Brod, Max. Život plný bojů. Prague, 1994. Černý, František. Moje záznamy ze světové války. Prague, 2014. Chrněla, František. Vzpomínky z 1. světové války. Týn nad Vltavou, 2014. Dolejší, Alois. Válečné vzpomínky z první světové války vojína Dolejše z Nového Strašecí, edited by Dagmar Neprašová. Brno, 2014. Habrman, Gustav. Mé vzpomínky z války: Črty a obrázky o událostech a zápasech za svobodu a samostatnost. Prague, 1928. Hašek, Jaroslav. Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války. 4 vols. Prague, 1921-1923. ------. The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk during the World War. Translated by Zdeněk Sadloń and Emmit Joyce, 3 vols. London, 1997. Jaroš, Karel. Z turecké
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Index Acton, Carol, 182 Adamíra, Bohuš, 120, 191 Ajdovščina (Haidenschaft, Slovenia), 95 Albania, 70, 115, 124, 147, 181, 183 alcohol, 43, 49, 104n31, 122, 167 Alps, 62-63, 70, 73-74, 120, 189, 229 animals, 1, 123, 127 antisemitism, 128, 224 artillery, 20, 31, 42, 48, 66-70, 93, 151, 156,164,185-187, 221, 229, 235 effects of, 71-75, 83, 87nl08, 194, 223-225, 230, 237-239, 241, 245n23 Asinara (island off Sardinia), 121, 123 Aswhorth, Tony, 11 Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane, 72, 182, 212n9, 222 Austria-Hungary (general), 1, 10, 30, 37-39, 43, 54, 85, 133-134, 145, 170-171,187,198, 243, 258-259 economy, 4, 7, 64, 87,101, 200-202, 207-209,211,254, 257-258 language policies, 1 militarization, 14, 33-34, 56n21, minorities, 2, 3, 51, 257-259 Austro-Hungarian Army (general), 1-2, 40, 66,131-132, 145-146,148,151, 159, 173, 230 10th Army, 64, 209 III Army Corps, 37 VIII Army Corps, 30 IX Army Corps, 30 XI Army Corps, 230 XX Army Corps, 209 3rd Division {Edelweis), 74 18th Division, 74 19th Infantry Brigade (Hungarian), 162 Army High Command {Armeeoberkommando, АО К), 2, 4, 37, 51, 145, 164, 171, 190, 209, 258 casualties, 64, 135, 145-146, 156-157, 160, 168, 174nl 1,223, 242 democratic nature, 147 disciplinary practices, 14, 76, 87, ІОЗпІЗ, 143, 162-173, 254, 258 Honvéd (territorial army of Hungary), 145, 167, 243 k.k. Landsturm Infantry Regiment 22, 92 k.k. Landwehr Infantry Regiment 4, 65 k.k. Landwehr Infantry Regiment 7, 107n7 k.k. Landwehr Infantry Regiment 13, 39, 42, 161, 229 k.k. Landwehr Infantry Regiment 30, 135,231 k.u.k. Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry Regiment 7, 169 k.u.k.
Dragoon Regiment 10, 83 k.u.k. Field Artillery Regiment 24, 31, 156 k.u.k. Field Artillery Regiment 27, 48 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 3, 74 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 8, 41, 127 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 11, 33, 39, 174nll, 185, 192 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 18, 36, 62, 74, 134, 172, 229 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 27, 227 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 28, 3-4, 51-2, 73, 103n8, 158, 160, 161, 163, 196, 199
280 I Index k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 35, 4 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 36, 23n24, 103n8, 162, 178nl01 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 42, 115 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 53, 44 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 54, 223 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 57, 40, 219 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 73, 187 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 75, 4, 36, 44, 105n39, 119, 243 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 79, 68 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 88, 28n83, 37-38, 43, 118 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 91, 74, 164 k.u.k. Infantry Regiment 98, 42, 82, 150, 159, 183 Landsturm (militia), 1, 51, 63, 83, 92, 123, 145, 148, 151, 184, 196, 201 Landwehr (territorial army of Austria), 1, 39, 42, 65, 71, 135, 145, 161, 184, 187, language policy, 51, 160, 189, 258 military oath, 42, 47, 59n64 minority policies, 2, 37, 51, 159-172, 253-254, 258-259 mobilization, 4, 30-31, 37-49, 52-54, 62, 80, 127, 145, 160, 207, 251 morale, 51, 64-65, 69-70, 75, 84, 103n8, 131-136, 144, 146, 187-189, 191, 207, 209, 254-257 replacement practices, 51-52, 134-135 replacements, 103n8, 135, 160 reserve battalions moved out of Bohemia, 52, 6ІПІ19, 168, 200 supply crisis, 68-70, 78, 81-82, 100-101, 104n31, 123, 136, 145, 151-152, 170-173, 207, 252-254 universal conscription, 10, 34, 56n20, 79-80 awards, military, 118, 149, 156 Balkan Front (1916-1918), 3, 115-116, 123, 232 Banovo Polje, 118 battle. See combat Belgrade, 30 Benko, Juraj, 132 Beroun (Bohemia), 38 Black, Jeremy, 10 Bochnia (Salzberg, Poland), 168 Bohemian Crown Lands, 1-4, 7, 14-19, 30-32, 37-39, 41, 50-53, 82,123, 149, 160, 166-170, 200, 207, 240, 251. See also home front Bohemian regiments, 162, 168, 200 economy, 64,
69, 87, 200-202, 207-209, 211, 215n90, 254, 257 educational levels, 18-19 levels of industrialization, 207 mobilization of 1914, 4, 30-31, 37-49, 52-54, 62, 251 mobilizations of 1909-1913, 39 politics, 2, 4, 10, 65, 160, 170, 183, 191-192, 201,209, 259 rural population, 9, 19, 41-42 urban population, 9, 19, 37, 41, 189, 257 body, 10, 29, 72, 78, 83, 90, 93, 100, 116, 117, 129, 143, 163,211,219-221, 253-255 ‘body reflexive practices’, 10 deformation, 80-82 destruction, 14, 234-240 disability, 235, 239, 243 and masculinity, 14, 78-81, 116, 124, 130-131, 157-158, 234-244, 249Ш21 as a symbolic space, 234-242 Bolshevik Revolution, 1, 64 Bosnian troops, 127,166-167, 169 Bourke, Joanna, 7, 9, 128, 222, 228, 242 Bouška, František, 127, 224, 230, 237, 244 Braudy, Leo, 9 Brno (Brünn, Moravia), 29, 30, 79, 183 Brod, Max, 30-31 Brusilov Offensive, 67, 71, 118, 135, 162, 194, 195 Bukovina, 150, 152, 165, 167, 240 Caporetto (Kobarid), battle of, 64, 68, 74, 83, 209, 230, 248n81 Cáré Alto, 189 Carinthia, 196 Carpahtians, 52, 64, 70, 73-74, 120, 145, 160,167,226-227, 244 Carso (Karst Plateau), 219
Index Čapek, František, 133, 135, 229 cavalry, 1, 77, 83 censorship. See post (military) Central Powers, 64, 181 Cer, battle of, 50 Černý, František, 67, 71, 118, 135, 151, 185, 206, 224, 226, 230 Česká Skalice (Böhmisch Skalitz, Bohemia), 208 České Meziříčí (Böhmisch Meseritsch, Bohemia), 62 Charles I, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, 153, 164 Chauncey, George, 85 children, 31, 44, 47, 49, 52, 53, 92, 102, 126, 201-202, 205-208 childhood, 35-36, 118, 132-133 letters from, 206-207 letters to, 192, 195, 206 soldiers as, 132-133, 142, 153-154, 169 soldiers remembering, 184-186, 227 suffering, 208 upbringing, 210 Chrněla, František, 31, 158, 164, 244 Choceň (Chotzen, Bohemia), 127 Christmas, 39, 52, 124, 132, 151, 185-186, 191, 192, 252 cigarettes, 49, 68, 156, 185, 191-192, 194 class, 3, 4, 6, 9, 19, 47, 52, 78, 85, 86, 128, 133-134, 146,149-151, 165,170, 187, 253 middle classes, 37, 44, 91, 148, 160, 172, 182, 187-192, 222 officer class, 146-151, 257 upper classes, 85,187 working classes, 7, 14, 31, 33, 44, 49, 52, 82, 123, 189, 240, 257 Clausewitz, Carl von, 220, 229 Cole, Laurence, 34, 37 combat, 15, 76, 219-242 aesthetics, 222 combat motivation (see motivation) discursive silence, 223-228, 231, 255 as duel, 229-231, 242, 247n53 dying, 102, 116, 184, 193, 205, 222, 227-228, 234-238 firepower, 131, 144, 238 I 281 killing, 9,196, 220, 222-231, 241 levels of participation, 20, 231-233 passivity, 20, 77-84, 119, 222, 228-231, 239-243, 252, 255 practices, 72-77, 222-223, 229 reality of, 70-78, 81-84, 240-242, 223 comradeship. See homosocial relationships Connell, R.W., 6, 9, 10, 78
Conrad von Hötzendorf Franz, k.u.k. Field Marshal, 159 Cornwall, Mark, 2, 69, 160 corporal punishment, 163-168 correspondence, 15, 18-19, 126, 129, 182, 186-197, 203, 207. See also post gender coding, 193-195, 209, 2l4n61 importance, 126-127, 186-188 self-censorship, 86, 195-196, 222-223 Croatia, 37, 68, 81, 92, 161, 169, cross-dressing, 122-123, 129, 253 Crouthamel, Jason, 86 Čundrle, Jan, 138n51, 202, 206 Czech National Socialist Party, 4, 19 Czech Social-Democratic Party, 80 Czechs, 1-7, 10-15, 166, 254-259 class identity, 6ІПІ18 ‘cultural imperialism’, 165-169, 254 desertion (see desertion) historiography, 2-5 national self-identification, 1-2, 19, 170-173 nationalism (see nationalism) loyalty, 2-3, 4, 58n38, 59n67, 63-65, 160-165, 172-173, 230, 254-255, 256-9 malingering, 3, 37, 43, 51, 63, 69, 231, 243-244, 256-257 morale, 64-70, 133-136, 160-164, 170-173, 186, 206-210, 240, 254-258 patriotism, 2, 37, 51, 256 war enthusiasm, 4, 34, 37-38, 51, 251, 255 Czechoslovak Legion, 3, 15, 16, 33, 44, 202 Czernowitz (Černivci, Bukovina), 150, 240 Dalmatia, 38, 166, 199 Danube River, 30
282 I Index Das, Santanu, 116 Deák, István, 80, 86, 232 Deist, Wilhelm, 12 desertion, 2-3, 14-15, 37, 69, 103ШЗ, 105n39, 160-161, 164, 211, 230, 258 green cadres’, 105n45, 209, 259 diseases, 80, 97, 231, venereal, 87-89, 242 Dolejší, Alois, 69, 76, 80, 95, 99, 122, 134, 151, 162, 166, 172, 208 Doležal, Václav, 92 Dolomites, 68, 73 Drina River, 50, 118, 124, 157, 184, 222, 225, 228,236, 239 Duffett, Rachel, 78 Durazzo (Dürres), 181 Eastern Front, 3, 15, 33, 64, 98, 119, 122, 123, 142, 189, 223, 227, 232 specifics, 73-74 education, 18-19, 20, 85, 89, 128, 146-149, 154, 165, 172, 189, 202 Elias, Norbert, 82 emotions, 13-14, 16, 31, 34, 37, 78, 84, 116-122, 124-136, 166, 193-202, 206-209, 221, 237, 241, 253-254 aggression, 221 compassion, 94 display and expression, 13, 124-127, 194, 197 emotional support, 130-134, 182, 185-187, 196-198 emotional survival, 13, 102, 119, 124-126, 129, 133, 209 fear, 8, 14, 30, 38, 50, 53, 63, 70-75, 83-89, 92-97, 117, 125-129, 136, 172, 190, 195, 210, 226-228 fear of punishment, 12, 40, 53, 65, 69, 224, 251 gendering emotions, 31, 117, 119-122, 124-125, 136 love, 93, 102, 116-117, 127-128, 193 resignation, 41 stress, 20, 76, 102, 116-117, 121-123, 125- 128, 224-227, 239, 254, 257 Engle, Jason, 135 Entente, 69, 181 Etappenschweine (rear-echelon troops), 233-234 exhaustion, 4, 13, 67-76 physical, 63, 70-72, 80-81, 84 psychological, 75-78, 81-83, 84 vegetative state, 71-77, 82 family, 14, 44^15, 63, 78, 132-133, 143, 182, 189, 192, 194, 197, 201-208 ‘military family’, 152-154, 185 fatherhood. See masculinity fatigue. See exhaustion femininity. See
women First World War, 1-7, 9-15, 17-18, 39—41, 51-53, 83-85, 101, 116, 131, 142-144, 151, 164, 181, 205-207 in Bohemian Crown Lands (see Bohemian Crown Lands) declaration of, 31-32 historiography, 1-5, 7, 9-11, 63, 75, 182, 222 reality of batde, 221-223, 237 food, 63, 82, 85, 104n21, 123, 136, 186, 189, 195-196, 233, 252 access to, 151-153 gendering of, 78 importance of, 66-72, 78 lack of, 64, 80-84, 151, 207-209 Forth, Christopher, 8, 20, 78, 82 France, 1, 3, 10,15, 80, 90, 181, French army, 5-6, 11, 12, 15, 72, 75, 181, 182, 204, 223, 224 Franz Joseph I, Emperor of AustriaHungary, 2, 30-31, 37, 41, 153, 176n51, Franz Ferdinand d’Este (assassination of), 30 Freud, Sigmund, 119, 153 furlough, 12, 65, 203-206, 217nl05 dangers, 203, 216nl05 frequency, 203, 209 importance, 203 Fussell, Paul, 182, 183 Galandauer, Jan, 37 Galicia, 3, 52, 62, 63, 68, 70, 73-74, 91, 93-94, 121, 123, 132-134, 151, 159,
Index 165, 167, 169, 184, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231 gender, 8-9, 13, 31, 36, 44, 53, 66, 82, 84-85, 97, 101, 116-118, 122-124, 129-132, 143, 155-158, 162, 165, 191-193, 233, 238, 241, 244, 251-58 and First World War, 9-13 ‘double helix’, 7 gender coding (communication), 191, 194, 209 gender and fear, 242 gender identity, 12-13, 18, 34-36, 53-54, 128-130, 136, 171, 193, 231, 241, 257 gender order, 11, 14, 31, 36-38, 45, 89, 92-95, 99, 100, 121-124, 144-148, 155, 171, 186, 193, 197-198, 201-210, 239, 255 gender performance, 14, 171, 209-210, 233-234 gender relations, 97-100, 144, 182 gender theory, 6-7, 13, 47, 78,152 gendered social space, 13, 33-34, 47, 52, 126, 182-183, 192 and military history, 7-8, 31, 256 Germans (Austrian), 2-4, 14, 16, 29, 37, 133, 136, 154-173, 208, 223-224, 257 nationalism {see nationalism) war enthusiasm, 34, 37, 55nlO Germany, 1,10,12, 37-38,64,101,181,234 German troops, 11, 12, 86, 97, 116, 131, 152, 155, 182, 222, 257 Gnila Lipa, battle of, 50 Göhre, Paul, 90 Goldstein, Kurt, 237 The Good Soldier Švejk (novel). See Hašek, Jaroslav Gorizia (Görz, Austrian Littoral), 122 Gorlice (Görlitz), battle of, 64, 125, 126 Gray, J. Glenn, 11 Graz (Styria), 159 Habrman, Gustav, 80 Hála, Bohuslav, 186 Hämmerle, Christa, 9-10, 34 Haring, Sabine, 227 Hašek, Jaroslav, 3, 41, 63, 230, 243 I 283 Havlíček, Jaroslav, 77,193 Healy, Maureen, 31, 43, 182, 210, 231 Hej Slované! (Hey Slavs!, song), 43 Hilfikräfie im Felde (Auxiliary Labour Force in the Field). See women hinterland. See home front Hirschfeld, Magnus, 130 historiography, 1-11, 63, 75, 182, 222 Czech, 3-5
First World War, 1-12 gender history, 6-9 military history, 11-13 new military history, 9, 131 Western historiography, 1-2 Holmes, Richard, 11, 71, 222 home front, 13, 31-32, 49, 51, 64, 77, 87, 89, 92, 93, 97, 126, 211, 212n9 soldiers’ relationship with, 66, 181-209 See abo Bohemian Crown Lands homosocial relationships, 65, 120-4, 125, 127-129, 130-131, 133, 253 comradeship (concept), 115-117, 130, 139n72, 253 homoerotic undertones, 116-121, 129-131 hospitals, 62-63, 67, 83, 95, 98-99, 102, 115, 128, 133-134, 150, 155, 161, 184, 240, 243-244 Hradec Králové (Königgratz, Bohemia), 48, 50, 62, 244 humanity 101, 120, 132, 252 dehumanization, 83-84, 144, 147 Hungarian troops, 114-115, 130, 160-162, 223, 243 hatred of, 167-168, 199-200 perceived qualities, 168 Hungary, 47, 52, 94, 149-150, 160, hygiene, 72, 87, 120-121, 147, 167, 204 Hynes, Samuel, 182, 183 Isonzo front, 66, 73-74, 195, 209, 222 eleven battles of, 64, 186, 219, 237 Italian front, 64, 67, 118, 122-124, 127, 189, 191, 195, 196,219, 237 specifics of, 72-75 Italian troops, 62, 65, 68, 70, 167, 225 perception of, 229-231
284 I Index Italians (Austrian), 160, 166, 171, 259 Italy, 3, 68-69, 73-74, 83, 86, 104n31, 181,209 Janošík, Jan, 33,126,151, 191, 195, 200 Janowitz, Morris, 11, 131. 144 Jarkovský Josef, 134, 153 Jaroměř (Jermer, Bohemia), 39, 50, 150 Jaroš, Karel, 68, 93, Jaroš, František, 98 Jarosław (Jaroslau, Galicia), 184 Jews, 16, 33, 51, 98, 224 Jílek-Oberfalcer, František, 183 Jindřichův Hradec (Neuhaus, Bohemia), 128 John, Jaromír, 121 Judson, Pieter, 170 Kaiser, Alois L, 81, 83, 100, 102 Kamarádství (veterans’ magazine), 115, 169 Kápar, Josef, 121, 193-194, Kaposvár (Kopisch, Hungary), 94, 102 Kde domov májí (Where Is My Home?, song), 37 Keegan, John, 11 Kerensky Offensive, 64, 105n39 Kienitz, Sabine, 79, 234 King, Jeremy, 16,19, 33, 39, 40, 47 Kisch, Egon Erwin, 16, 19, 33, 66, 67, 70, 72, 75, 85, 87, 89, 92, 117-120, 127, 134, 135, 149-155,185,190, 192, 195, 204, 222-228, 233-241 Kitchener, 1st Earl, Horatio Henry, 39 Kolman, Jaroslav, 34, 47 Kolubara River, 226, 243 Kotrba, Jan, 127, 196 Kramář, Karel, 177n90 Kramer, Alan, 5 Krasnik, battle of 50 Křenek, Jaroslav, 82, 115-116,124, 129-130, 155, 234 Komarów, battle of 50 Krakow, 50, 128, 133 Králova Lhota (Königshufen, Bohemia), 199 Krieghammer, Edmund von, Minister of War, 159 Křížek, František, 241 Kroměříž (Kremsier, Moravia), 210 Kučera, Rudolf, 4, 7, 14, 33, 49, 82, 87, 123, 170, 240 Kühne, Thomas, 13, 14, 116, 129-133, 148 Květoň, Vladislav, 95, 187 Kyšperský, Antonín, 195 Laška, Jan, 123, 147, leave. See furlough Leed, Eric J., 75, 76 Lein, Richard, 4, 64, 103ո8,160, letters. See correspondence Liebesgaben (gift
packages), 191-192 liminality, 13, 75-77, 82, 229 Lirš, Ferdinand, 80, 147, 158, 161, 196, 229 Litoměřice (Leitmeritz, Bohemia), 30 Littoral (Austrian), 37, 122 Lipp, Anne, 12 Ljubljana (Laibach, Slovenia), 99 Loubal, František, 192-193, 197, 199 Lower Austria, 18 Lynn, John, 8-9, 257 theory of combat effectiveness, 12-15, 38, 40, 52-54, 65-66,131,169, 221, 241 Macedonian front, 115-116, 181, 183 Magyars. See Hungary Mail. See post Maleševič, Siniša, 9 manliness. See masculinity Marshall, S.L.A., 11, 144, 153, 221, 224 Maršík, Ludvík, 123 Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue, З masculinity (general), 6-14, 36, 85, 110ПІ21, 196-197, 209, 227-229, 252-259 and body, 78-83, 157, 234-240, 241-242 and civilization, 66, 82-84, 165-167 hegemonic, 6-10, 13-14, 33-36, 44-49, 53-54, 76-82, 89, 128-129,145-155, 171, 197-205, 210, 228-233, 251-254 hierarchy, 6, 10, 13, 45-47, 54, 124, 144-148, 152-154, 170-172, 175n30, 232-233, 251-254
Index fatherhood, 205-207 longue durée, 9, 36, 53, 76, 251 military, 8-10, 13, 35-36, 41-48, 53-54, 56n21, 76-77, 84, 102, 117-125, 129, 146-151, 161, 196-197, 227-233, 251-255 patriarchal dividend, 6, 13, 44—49, 54, 84, 100, 146-159, 170, 173, 197, 206, 233, 251-252 performance of, 93, 100, 125, 209-210, 233-234, 241 and power, 6, 10-14, 44-45, 47, 76-77, 83, 100-101, 117, 144-162, 170-173, 197-205, 210, 238-243, 251-258 public discourse, 34-36, 43, 45, 53, 80-84, 89-92, 101, 117-118, 124, 129-131, 149, 156, 183, 191, 197, 211,231-233, 244, 251 and social space, 10, 13, 31-34, 53, 97-98, 145, 182-183, 192, 210, 233-234, 251, 255 and social status, 8-10, 13, 20-21, 41-46, 51-54,146-155, 189, 233, 251-253 subversion, 5, 77-78, 83-84, 86, 95, 116, 148-149, 165, 173, 208-210, 244, 252-259 test of, 36, 227-232, 255 theory of, 6-11, 13, 47, 78-79, 82, 118, 129, 152,197 venues of, 13, 181, 197-210 victimization, 100 and war (general), 8-11,256 memoirs. See also personal accounts Meyer, Jessica, 182 modernity, 8, 18, 76, 83, 86, 124, 162-163, and gender, 92, 117 and masculinity, 5, 43, 78, 82, 85, 110nl21,162, 197, 205-206 and medicine, 85 modern consciousness, 182 and warfare, 7, 13-14, 20, 39, 72, 75, 78, 84, 101, 106n60, 131, 144-145, 190, 209, 220-223, 242 Мокке, Helmuth von, the Younger, 160 Monfalcone, 68 Monte Meletta, 167 I 285 morale. See motivation Moran, Lord (Charles McMoran Wilson), 11, 72 Moravek, Jan, 81, 187, 237, 239 Mosse, George L., 9, 182 motivation, 3, 5, 11-15, 19, 40-41, 64-65, 69-70, 84, 101, 125, 131-132, 136, 144-145,159, 173, 203, 207, 211, 221, 240
coercion, 5, 40-41, 54, 65, 84, 169, 172, 256 combat, 12, 14, 131, 221-222, 241-242, 252, 253 compliance, 40, 45, 47, 53, 63-65, 84, 146, 200 consent, 5-6, 12-14, 38, 40, 50, 54, 169, 255-258 initial, 12-13, 38-40, 44-47, 52-54, 101,251,256 and masculinity, 47, 53, 131, 186, 197, 206,241-242, 251-257 normative, 40, 44, 53, 65, 170 and primary groups, 12-13, 49, 54, 65-66, 116, 131-136, 221, 241-242, 253 self-interest, 44, 135, sustaining, 12-13, 65-76, 82-87, 100-101, 131-136, 142-146, 164, 170, 173, 186, 201, 207-209, 221, 253-256 social pressure, 7, 41-44, 49, 53-54, 189, 252 theory of, 11—19, 40, 65, 221 Mudrák, Augustin, 45, 74, 84, 120, 162, 187, 203, 223, 224, 234, 235, 243 mutinies, 2, 11, 204, 259 Bay of Kotor (Cattaro), 69 Rumburk, 69, 105n40 nationalism, 2-3, 38, 43, 51-52, 69, 159-160, 166, 170-174, 209, 257-259 Czech, 3, 17-19, 29, 166 Austrian German, 4, 159, 160, 171 in the officer corps, 160, 171 pan-Slavism, 43, 223 supranationalism, 160
286 I Index Neumann, Stanislav Kostka, 16, 46, 102, 119, 130, 147-150, 183 Norton-Cru, Jean, 15 Nye, Robert, 92 Obilin (Croatia), 161 officer corps, 14, 18-20, 45—47, 63, 68-69, 72, 75, 85-93, 99-100, 142-173, 188-189, 191,233, 241,253, 257-258 access to knowledge, 75 casualties, 145-146, 160 criticism, 69, 85, 99-100, 146, 151-152, 154-155, 158, 168-170 language groups, 160 leadership, 156-158 masculinity, 20, 45, 145, 155-156 patriarchal image, 153-154 privileges, 68-69, 89, 91-92, 99, 150-152 reserveofficers, 145-146, 148, 160, 164, 171,257 social status, 47 violence, 163-165, 168-169 Olomouc (Olmütz, Moravia),, 42, 168, 181, Orwell, George, 66 Osijek (Croatia), 92 Osum River, 115-116 Palestine, 3, 68, 93 Pan-Slavism. See nationalism parasites, 72, 98, 123, 147, 167 Pazdera, David, 4 physiology (contemporary), 237, 238 Piave River, 63, 68-69, 151, 156,181, 209, 232 battle of the Piave, 64, 75, 220, 227, 243, 256 Picq, Ardant du, 11, 131 Písek (Bohemia), 39, 66, 196 personal accounts (critical assessment), 15-20, 40, 63, 66, 153, 159 diaries, 15-19, 50, 75, 86, 82, 126, 187, 203, 222-226, 234 letters, 15-17, 117-118, 182, 192 (see abo correspondence) memoirs, 15-19, 39, 40, 63, 72, 86, 153, 157,159,183, 222-224, 226, 234 Pluháček, František, 128 Plzeň (Pilsen, Bohemia), 47 Poláček, Karel, 46, 47, 142-146, 158, 165, 170 Poláček, Václav, 31, 184, 201 Poland, 73, 83 Poles (Austrian), 91-93, 166-173, 223 post, military, 181-182, 186-190 censorship, 86, 189-191,192 War Surveillance Office (Kriegsüberwachungsamt, KÜA), 190-191 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, shell shock),
239 Pottendorf (Lower Austria), 49 Prague (Bohemia), 19, 29-30, 37-39, 51, 139, 153, 160; 165-166; 194, 204, 239 primary groups. See motivation prisoners of war (POWs), 3,14, 15, 63, 80, 95, 105n40, 121-123, 145, 147, 157, 191, 202, 206, 232 propaganda, 3,12, 16, 31-36, 69, 75, 97, 191,231 Austro-Hungarian, 31-32, 35-36, 53, 74-79, 84 Czechoslovak, 3, 17-18, 51, 65, 105n39 images of femininity, 92-99 images of masculinity, 31-32, 74-79, 84, 204, 229, 236 ‘letters from the front’ (published propaganda collections), 77, 97, Prúdil, František, 153, 157, 172, 221, 227 Przemyśl, 62, 232 Rachamimov, Aion, 14, 15,122, Radetzky von Radetz, Joseph, Field Marshal, 153 Rašín, Alois, 177ո90 Rawa, battle of, 50 religion, 10, 20, 62-63, 93, 125, 166,184, 194, 206, 257, 259 Rélink, Karel, 163, 198-199 Rezek, Josef, 229 Rezek, Ladislav, 197
Index Romania, 239 Romanian front, 67 Romanians (Austrian), 166-167 Roper, Michael, 182, 193, 237-238 Rose, Sonya, 198 Rothenberg, Gunther E., 159 Rovereto (Italy), 191 Russia, 1, 37-39, 50, 52, 54, 64, 69, 73, 74, 95,123,135, 181,187, 202, 238 captivity, 3, 14, 64, 95, 135, 138n51, 202 ‘Slavic brethren’, 2, 43, 223 Russian troops, 33, 43, 118, 157-161, 194, 220, 223-226, 230, 235-236, 244 Ruthenians, 51, 166, 167 Sassoon, Siegfried, 181 Schmitz, Martin, 257 Schönberger, Bianca, 97 Scott, Joan W, 6 Šedivý Ivan, 4 Šefi, Josef, 221 self-victimization (of soldiers), 7, 77, 81, 84, 100, 117, 228,231,239, 252 Serbia, 30, 50, 54, 92, 147, 155, 181, 205-206, Serbian Front, 16, 34, 47, 52, 66, 67, 74, 118, 125, 191, 195, 222-226, 233 Serbs, 2, 51, 72, 127, 155, 160, 224-226 sexuality, 13, 48, 66, 84-85, 100-102, 149-150, 246n42. See aho women heterosexuality, 85-92, 215n87, 252 homosexuality, 85-89, 117-118, 129-131, 252 masturbation, 86-87 prostitution, 87-90, 92, 99-100, 152 Shils, Edward, 131 Silverman, Kaja, 80 Šindelář, Jan, 124, 133, 153, 238-239, 241 Skála, František, 47, 82, 83, 94, 98, 102, 122, 125, 128, 132-133, 150, 154, 167, 172, 228, 230, 238, 239, Slavonia, 37, 91, 94 Šlesingr, Jan, 33, 134, 243 Slezák, Josef, 62-69, 98, 118, 120, 125-128, 145, 156, 172, 184, 189, 193, 199-203, 211, 221, 236, 243-244 I 287 Slovaks, 3, 18, 166 Šmadán, Jan, 47, 50, 120, 153, 187 Šmída, František, 46, 49, 68, 80, 86, 90-94, 125, 127, 134, 148, 152, 154, 161, 169, 172, 184, 187-189, 193, 205, 208, 229-230 Smith, Leonard, 5, И, 222-224, 229, 237 socialism, 4, 19, 160, 209, 257-259 Sokol,
19, 80, 166, 172, 224, 230 Slet of 1914, 29-30 Soušek, Vladimír, 223 Sperling, Bohumil, 64, 127, 185,187, 225, 230, 235 Šrámek, Fráňa, 16, 67, 195, 201, 203 Šrámek, František, 187 Šrámek, Josef, 80, 89, 92, 95 Stouffer, Samuel A., 11, 131-132, 232 Suchý, Karel, 191 Sýkora, Jan, 135, 184, 231 symbolic spaces, 13, 97, 251 body, 234-242 comradeship, 117 home, 182 the military, 98 war, 102 Szeged (Szegedin, Hungary), 150, 161 Theweleit, Klaus, 9, 101-102 Thirty Years’ War, 1, 36, 39 Tirana (Albania), 124 Tolmin (Tóiméin, Slovenia), 134, 222 Tosh, John, 9, 13, 118, 129, 197 trench warfare. See combat Tříska, Jan, 67, 127, 201, 204, 214, 220, 229, 243 Tyrol, 37, 62, 121, 122, 127, 185 Tyrolians, 74, 167 Ulrych, Josef, 49, 80, 90, 92,154, 193, 214n61, 228, 238, 243, Váchal, Josef, 17, 50, 62, 66-70, 83-84, 120, 127, 136, 147, 167, 173 Václavek, Bedřich, 127-128, 193, 196 Vančura, Vladislav, 46, 85, 238 Vaněk, Karel, 41-44, 81, 161, 206-207, 211,220-226, 234, 236, 241
288 I Index Vařík, Ferdinand, 206 veterans, 133 in Austria-Hungary, 34 in Czechoslovakia, 139n72, 169, 224, 233-234 Verdun, batde of, 75 Vienna, 19, 38, 43, 47, 49, 113, 169, 201, 204-208, 231 Vítek, Jaroslav, 90-91, 133, 167, 169, 183, 199, 208, 219, 227-229, 238 Vittorio Veneto, batde of 65,156 Vlasák, Rudolf 198, 206 Vraspir, Adolf 206 Vysoké Mýto (Hohenmauth, Bohemia), 231 Wacht am Rhein (Watch on the Rhine, song), 37 Wagner, Karel, 28n83, 37, 43 Wagner, Rudolf 83, 194 war, passim anthropology of 8 as a machine, 81-82 and masculinity, 8-11, 251-259 Watson, Alexander, 12, 40, 131, 152, 257 Western Front, 1, 5, 11, 12, 65, 72, 131, 152, 181, 193, 204, 224 Westphalia (Germany), 38 women, 31, 33-34, 42, 48-49, 55nlO, 92-102, 116-130, 148-155, 186, 200-210 breadwinners, 201-203, 210 disciplining, 197-199, 210 feminine tasks, 122-124 femininity, 6-7, 11, 34, 92-102, 116-119, 123-126, 129, 193-201, 210, 251-253 Hilfikräfie im Felde (Auxiliary Labour Force in the Field), 97-102, 252 mothers, 33, 39, 49, 101, 124,184-186, 189-195, 199-201 nurses, 81, 95-100, 161, 239 objectification, 92-101, 253 partners, 33, 51, 101, 149-150, 180-211,227 passivity (perceived), 92-94, 99-100 sexuality, 89, 91-101, 198-200, 215n87 wounded, 50, 97-98, 115, 127, 128,133, 135, 145, 184, 196 wounds, 15, 62-63, 72, 74, 81, 98-100, 118, 239-243 self-inflicted, 62-63, 243 Zahra, Tara, 19, 170 Zborov, battle of, 4, 105n39 the Zeman family, Pavel and Marie, 181- 182, 189 Zeman, Josef, 200 Ziemann, Benjamin, 12, 182, 257 Žipek, Alois, 18, 157, 158, 242-243, Zückert, Martin, 4 V Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
München
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Hutečka, Jiří 1979- |
author_facet | Hutečka, Jiří 1979- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Hutečka, Jiří 1979- |
author_variant | j h jh |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV046345589 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1143330305 (DE-599)BVBBV046345589 |
edition | English-language edition |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV046345589 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:42:16Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781789205411 |
language | English |
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physical | xi, 288 Seiten |
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spelling | Hutečka, Jiří 1979- Verfasser aut Muži proti ohni Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 Jiří Hutečka Motivation, morale, and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 English-language edition New York; Oxford Berghahn 2020 xi, 288 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Austrian and Habsburg studies vol 26 "Originally published in Czech in 2016 as Muži proti ohni: motivace, morálka a mužnost českých vojáků Velké války, 1914-1918, by Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny."--Title page verso "This text represents a substantial reworking and extension of the Czech original that was published by Nakladatelství Lidové noviny in Prague in 2016."--Preface to the English Edition "In historical writing on World War I, Czech-speaking soldiers serving in the Austro-Hungarian military are typically studied as Czechs, rarely as soldiers, and never as men. As a result, the question of these soldiers' imperial loyalties has dominated the historical literature to the exclusion of any debate on their identities and experiences. Men under Fire provides a groundbreaking analysis of this oft-overlooked cohort, drawing on a wealth of soldiers' private writings to explore experiences of exhaustion, sex, loyalty, authority, and combat itself. It combines methods from history, gender studies, and military science to reveal the extent to which the Great War challenged these men's senses of masculinity, and to which the resulting dynamics influenced their attitudes and loyalties."-- Translated from the original Czech into English Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Tschechischer Soldat (DE-588)4322177-4 gnd rswk-swf Legie česká / History / World War, 1914-1918 World War, 1914-1918 / Participation, Czech Soldiers / Czech Republic / Bohemia / Attitudes Military morale / Czech Republic / Bohemia / History Masculinity / Czech Republic / Bohemia / History Allegiance / Czech Republic / Bohemia / History World War, 1914-1918 / Participation, Czech / Historiography Austro-Hungarian Monarchy / Heer / History Austro-Hungarian Monarchy / Heer Legie česká World War (1914-1918) Allegiance Masculinity Military morale Military participation / Czech Soldiers / Attitudes Czech Republic / Bohemia 1914-1918 History Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s Tschechischer Soldat (DE-588)4322177-4 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk 978-1-78920-542-8 Austrian and Habsburg studies vol 26 (DE-604)BV021828017 26 https://www.recensio.net/r/8124096d8eaa4716b2452eec747fce7a rezensiert in: Hungarian Historical Review, 2020, 2, S. 366-368 Rezension https://www.recensio.net/r/dc128e1da88b44b2bc50bec6cdc5d669 rezensiert in: Bohemia, 60 (2020), 2, S. 319-321 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031722179&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031722179&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031722179&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
spellingShingle | Hutečka, Jiří 1979- Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 Austrian and Habsburg studies Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd Tschechischer Soldat (DE-588)4322177-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4322177-4 |
title | Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 |
title_alt | Muži proti ohni Motivation, morale, and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 |
title_auth | Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 |
title_exact_search | Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 |
title_full | Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 Jiří Hutečka |
title_fullStr | Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 Jiří Hutečka |
title_full_unstemmed | Men under fire motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 Jiří Hutečka |
title_short | Men under fire |
title_sort | men under fire motivation morale and masculinity among czech soldiers in the great war 1914 1918 |
title_sub | motivation, morale and masculinity among Czech soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918 |
topic | Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd Tschechischer Soldat (DE-588)4322177-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Erster Weltkrieg Tschechischer Soldat |
url | https://www.recensio.net/r/8124096d8eaa4716b2452eec747fce7a https://www.recensio.net/r/dc128e1da88b44b2bc50bec6cdc5d669 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031722179&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031722179&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031722179&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV021828017 |
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