The meaning of language:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, Massachusetts
The MIT Press
2019
|
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 396 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780262535731 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | The Meaning of Language
Second Edition
Heidi Savage, Melissa Ebbers, and Robert M Martin
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments xv
MODULE 1: Introduction 1
0 Readme: About This Book 3
0 1 Overview of the Book 3
0 2 Some Special Conventions 4
1 Introduction to Language 7
1 1 The Infinity Property 7
1 2 Novelty 9
1 3 The Implications of Infinity and Novelty 10
1 4 Compositionality 11
1 5 Propositions 12
1 6 Concluding Remarks 13
Main Points to Remember 13
Glossary 14
References and Suggested Readings 14
MODULE 2: Language Learning 17
2 Grammar Nativlsm and Empiricism 19
2 1 Empiricism about Our Knowledge of Grammar: The Behaviorist Account
of Grammar Acquisition 19
2 2 Objection to Behaviorism: Poverty of the Stimulus 20
2 3 Responses to the Poverty of the Stimulus Argument 23
2 4 Chomskyan Language-Acquisition Device 23
2 5 The Anti-universality Objection 25
2 6 The Immunity Objection 26
2 7 The Alternative Hypothesis Objection 27
2 8 Concluding Remarks 29
Main Points to Remember 29
Glossary 30
References and Suggested Readings 30
3 The Language-Acquisition Mechanism 33
3 1 General and Specific Innate Learning Mechanisms 33
3 2 Limiting the Number of Hypotheses 36
3 3 Cowie s Empiricist View 37
3 4 Stochastic Generalization 37
3 5 Connectionism 39
3 6 Constructivism 40
3 7 Concluding Remarks 41
Main Points to Remember 41
Glossary 42
References and Suggested Readings 42
4 Concept Nativism and Empiricism 45
4 1 Concepts 46
4 2 Fodor s Nativism 48
4 3 Empiricist Counterarguments 49
4 4 Fodor s Defense 51
4 5 Concluding Remarks 53
Main Points to Remember 53
Glossary 54
References and Suggested Readings 54
5 Quine on Language Acquisition 55
5 1 The Radical Translator s Job 55
5 2 Why the Slate Isn t Blank 60
5 3 Quine s Concessions to Nativism 63
5 4 Concluding Remarks 65
Main Points to Remember 65
Glossary 65
References and Suggested Readings 66
MODULE 3: Syntax and Logical Form 67
6 Phrase Structure Grammar 69
6 1 Simple Phrase Structure Grammar 70
6 2 Recursive Rules 72
6 3 The Limits of Simple Phrase Structure Grammar 75
6 4 Concluding Remarks 76
Main Points to Remember 76
Glossary 76
References and Suggested Readings 77
7 Transformational Grammar 79
7 1 Transformational Grammar 79
7 2 Difficulties for Transformational Grammar 80
7 3 Generative and Universal Grammar 82
7 4 Further Developments 83
7 5 Concluding Remarks 84
Main Points to Remember 84
Glossary 85
References and Suggested Readings 86
8 Logical Form: Sentences and Their Structural Types 87
8 1 The Aristotelian Analysis 87
8 2 Function and Argument 89
8 3 The Existential Quantifier 91
8 4 The Universal Quantifier 94
8 5 Entailment and Other Matters 95
8 6 Concluding Remarks 97
Main Points to Remember 97
Glossary 97
References and Suggested Readings 98
9 Montague Grammar 99
9 1 Taking a Longer View of the Mismatch Problem 99
9 2 Montague s Project and His Theoretical Commitments 101
9 3 The Lambda Calculus 106
9 4 Concluding Remarks 112
Main Points to Remember 112
Glossary 113
References and Suggested Readings 113
MODULE 4: Semantics 115
10 Introducing Descrlptivism and Millianism 117
10 1 The Idea Theory 118
10 2 Mill and Millianism 123
10 3 Problems for Millianism 126
10 4 Concluding Remarks 130
Main Points to Remember 130
Glossary 131
References and Suggested Readings 132
11 Two Influential Varieties of Descrlptivism 135
11 1 Prege s Senses 135
11 2 Frege on the Problems involving Proper Names 139
11 3 Russell s Descriptivism about Proper Names 141
11 4 Concluding Remarks 143
Main Points to Remember 144
Glossary 144
References and Suggested Readings 144
12 Neo-Milllanism 145
12 1 Kripke on Proper Names 145
12 2 Putnam on Natural Kinds 150
12 3 Problems with Neo-Millianism 154
12 4 Concluding Remarks 156
Main Points to Remember 157
Glossary 158
References and Suggested Readings 158
13 Verificationism 161
13 1 Meaning as Verifiability 161
13 2 Verification Conditions for Synthetic Sentences 163
13 3 A Problem for Verificationism 166
13 4 Concluding Remarks 167
Main Points to Remember 167
Glossary 168
References and Suggested Readings 168
14 Challenges for Verificationism 169
14 1 Observability in Principle 169
14 2 Indirect Confirmation and Meaning 170
14 3 Verification and Confirmation 173
14 4 Quine Contra Positivism 175
14 5 Ethical Sentences 175
14 6 Concluding Remarks 176
Main Points to Remember 177
Glossary 177
References and Suggested Readings 178
15 Truth-Conditional Semantics 179
15 1 Meaning as Truth Conditions 179
15 2 Axioms of the Theory 181
15 3 Inferences 183
15 4 Concluding Remarks 185
Main Points to Remember 185
Glossary 186
References and Suggested Readings 186
16 Challenges for Truth-Conditional Semantics 189
16 1 An Objection 189
16 2 Davidson and Quine 192
16 3 The Main Problem 193
16 4 Concluding Remarks 195
Main Points to Remember 195
Glossary 196
References and Suggested Readings 196
17 Possible-Worlds Semantics 199
17 1 Possible Worlds 199
17 2 Standard Possible-Worlds Semantics 202
17 3 Intensions of Predicates and Sentences 204
17 4 The Modal Properties of Sentences 207
17 5 Propositional Attitudes Revisited 211
17 6 Concluding Remarks 212
Main Points to Remember 212
Glossary 212
References and Suggested Readings 214
18 Challenges for Possible-Worlds Semantics 215
18 1 A Problem: Cointensive Expressions 215
18 2 Logical Truths 217
18 3 Concluding Remarks 219
Main Points to Remember 219
References and Suggested Readings 220
19 Two-Dimensional Semantics 221
19 1 Epistemlc Two-Dimensional Semantics 221
19 2 An Illustration of Two-Dimensional Intensions 223
19 3 The Two-Dimensional Matrix 231
19 4 The Two-Dimensional Intension for Sentences 233
19 5 Concluding Remarks 236
Main Points to Remember 236
Glossary 237
References and Suggested Readings 238
20 Challenges for Two-Dimensional Semantics 239
20 1 The Big Picture and Solutions 239
20 2 Residual Problems 243
20 3 Concluding Remarks 246
Main Points to Remember 247
Glossary 248
References and Suggested Readings 248
21 Meaning as Use 249
21 1 Introducing Use Theory 249
21 2 Language as a Toolkit 252
21 3 Family Resemblance and Language Games 254
21 4 The Big Picture 257
21 5 Concluding Remarks 258
Main Points to Remember 258
Glossary 258
References and Suggested Readings 259
22 Contemporary Use Theory 261
22 1 Functional Characterizations 261
22 2 The Role of Expressions 263
22 3 Some Worries for Contemporary Use Theories 267
22 4 Concluding Remarks 270
Main Points to Remember 270
Glossary 270
References and Suggested Readings 270
23 Quinean Skepticism 273
23 1 The Insurmountable Problem 273
23 2 Quine on Synonymy 278
23 3 Concepts and Belief 282
23 4 Concluding Remarks 284
Main Points to Remember 284
Glossary 285
References and Suggested Readings 285
MODULE 5: Pragmatics 287
24 Near-Side Pragmatics: Indexicals 289
24 1 Deictlcs: Indexicals and Demonstratives 289
24 2 Is It Ambiguity? 290
24 3 A Description Theory for Indexicals 292
24 4 Kaplan on Character and Content 296
24 5 Concluding Remarks 299
Main Points to Remember 299
Glossary 300
References and Suggested Readings 300
25 Near-Side Pragmatics: Demonstratives, Anaphora, Ellipsis 303
25 1 Demonstratives 303
25 2 Anaphora 305
25 3 Ellipsis 307
25 4 Concluding Remarks 308
Main Points to Remember 308
Glossary 309
References and Suggested Readings 309
26 Far-Side Pragmatics: Pragmatic implication 311
26 1 Beyond What s Said 311
26 2 Implication and Entailment 311
26 3 Pragmatic Implication 313
26 4 Presupposition 315
26 5 Pragmatic versus Semantic Presupposition 317
26 6 Concluding Remarks 318
Main Points to Remember 319
Glossary 319
References and Suggested Readings 319
27 Far-Side Pragmatics: Conversational Implicature 321
27 1 Grice s Maxims 321
27 2 The Maxim of Quantity 322
27 3 The Maxim of Relation 324
27 4 The Maxim of Quality 325
27 5 The Maxim of Manner 325
27 6 Concluding Remarks 326
Main Points to Remember 326
Glossary 326
References and Suggested Readings 327
28 Far-Side Pragmatics: Speech Act Theory 329
28 1 Levels of Action Description 329
28 2 Doing Things with Words 330
28 3 Intentions 334
28 4 Force and Content 338
28 5 Concluding Remarks 339
Main Points to Remember 339
Glossary 339
References and Suggested Readings 340
29 Far-Side Pragmatics: When Speech Acts Go Wrong 341
29 1 Misfires 341
29 2 Abuses 343
29 3 Speech Acts and Truth Values 345
29 4 Concluding Remarks 348
Main Points to Remember 348
Glossary 349
References and Suggested Readings 349
MODULE 6: Normativity 351
30 Is Language Governed by Rules? 353
30 1 A Martian Attends a Football Game 353
30 2 Are There Rules of Language? 355
30 3 Rules Are Officially Enacted, Inscribed, and Well-Known
Guides to Behavior 356
30 4 Rules Are Directive 358
30 5 Breaking a Rule Has Consequences 360
30 6 Rule-Fitting versus Rule-Guided Behavior 360
30 7 Knowing How to Go On 361
30 8 Concluding Remarks 362
Main Points to Remember 363
Glossary 363
References and Suggested Readings 363
31 Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language 365
31 1 The Private Language Argument 365
31 2 A Trip to the Zoo 367
31 3 Concluding Remarks 371
Main Points to Remember 371
Glossary 371
References and Suggested Readings 371
32 Kripkenstein s Rule-Following Skepticism 373
32 1 Kripkenstein on Rules 373
32 2 A Further Kripkensteinian Argument 375
32 3 Social Practices and Rules 376
32 4 Concluding Remarks 377
Main Points to Remember 377
References and Suggested Readings 377
33 Linguistic Conventions 379
33 1 Coordination Problems and Their Solutions 379
33 2 Conventions 381
33 3 Conventional Signaling 383
33 4 Conventions and Normativity 385
33 5 Conventional Behavior as Consciously Motivated Action 387
33 6 How Many Linguistic Conventions Are There? 388
33 7 Concluding Remarks 388
Main Points to Remember 389
Glossary 389
References and Suggested Readings 390
Index 391
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| spelling | Savage, Heidi Verfasser (DE-588)1204492069 aut The meaning of language Heidi Savage, Melissa Ebbers, and Robert M. Martin Second edition Cambridge, Massachusetts The MIT Press 2019 xiii, 396 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Language and languages Philosophy Semantics (Philosophy) Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 gnd rswk-swf Semantik (DE-588)4054490-4 gnd rswk-swf Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 s Semantik (DE-588)4054490-4 s DE-604 Ebbers, Melissa Verfasser (DE-588)120449231X aut Martin, Robert M. Verfasser (DE-588)128497327 aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031720893&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Savage, Heidi Ebbers, Melissa Martin, Robert M. The meaning of language Language and languages Philosophy Semantics (Philosophy) Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 gnd Semantik (DE-588)4054490-4 gnd |
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| title | The meaning of language |
| title_auth | The meaning of language |
| title_exact_search | The meaning of language |
| title_full | The meaning of language Heidi Savage, Melissa Ebbers, and Robert M. Martin |
| title_fullStr | The meaning of language Heidi Savage, Melissa Ebbers, and Robert M. Martin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The meaning of language Heidi Savage, Melissa Ebbers, and Robert M. Martin |
| title_short | The meaning of language |
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| topic | Language and languages Philosophy Semantics (Philosophy) Sprachphilosophie (DE-588)4056486-1 gnd Semantik (DE-588)4054490-4 gnd |
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