The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis:
"The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis brings together a wide array of eyewitness accounts to provide unprecedented detail on the plight of Muslims during the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78 when massacres, rapes, and the looting and burning of their villages led hundre...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Salt Lake City
The University of Utah Press
[2019]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis brings together a wide array of eyewitness accounts to provide unprecedented detail on the plight of Muslims during the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78 when massacres, rapes, and the looting and burning of their villages led hundreds of thousands of Muslims to flee from Bulgaria into Turkey. The book explores the tensions between Muslims and Christians in the Balkans before 1877, the ethnic cleansing and migration that resulted, the subsequent refugee crisis in Istanbul, and the resettlement of refugees in Anatolia. Author William Holt seeks to understand why these events, clearly important in Turkish history, are so little known in Turkey today. In crisp and engaging prose, he provides a compelling narrative and insightful analysis about human suffering and social memory"--Provided by publisher |
| Beschreibung: | x, 328 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781607816959 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Twilight in Turkey-in-Europe -- Bag and baggage -- Massacre and expulsion -- Refuge and resettlement -- Aphasia and amnesia | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis brings together a wide array of eyewitness accounts to provide unprecedented detail on the plight of Muslims during the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78 when massacres, rapes, and the looting and burning of their villages led hundreds of thousands of Muslims to flee from Bulgaria into Turkey. The book explores the tensions between Muslims and Christians in the Balkans before 1877, the ethnic cleansing and migration that resulted, the subsequent refugee crisis in Istanbul, and the resettlement of refugees in Anatolia. Author William Holt seeks to understand why these events, clearly important in Turkish history, are so little known in Turkey today. In crisp and engaging prose, he provides a compelling narrative and insightful analysis about human suffering and social memory"--Provided by publisher | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction і 1. Twilight in Turkey-in-Europe 2. Bag and Baggage 59 3. Massacre and Expulsion 105 4. Refuge and Resettlement 5. Aphasia and Amnesia Epilogue 13 161 214 275 Chronology and Relevant Place-Names Notes 281 Works Cited 307 Index 319 277
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INDEX Page numbers in italics refer to images. Abbott, Henry, 52 Abdülhamid II, 5,167,176,192,194-95, 205, 210-11, 217,225,236, 239-45, 252, 266, 268; Hamidian state, 239, 243, 268 Abdullah Frères, 193, 269 Abkhaz (people), 41 Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi. See АКР Adonis (poet), 250 Adrianople. See Edirne Adriatic Sea, 20, 22,97 Aegean Sea, 152,166, 207; islands, 78 Aeneas, 85 Aeschylus, 78 Afghani, Jamal al-, 211 Africa, 14, 61, 217-18; North, 24, 94, 217, 241 Ahmad ibn Muhammad, 216 Ahmet Ağa Tamrashliya, 153 Ahmet 1,4 Akif Efendi, 116-17 АКР (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi), 266, 271 Akunin, Boris, 50 Albania, Albanians, 30 32,35,36,38,97, 166, 220,244,266 Aleksandr II (Bulgaria), 5 Algeria, 98, 218, 274 Ali Efendi, 170 Ali Paşa, 76 alphabet, 88, 249-51; Arabic, 250; Cyril lic, 88, 251; Khmer, 251; Latin, 249,251; Turkish, 249-52, 268 America, 68, 225,234-35 amnesia, 1, 252,254-55,252 Anatolia, 222, 253,254. See also under Muslims ancestors, 59,167, 226, 231, 252, 266 Andalus, 15, 43, 215, 217-18 Andrić, Ivo, 46 Ankara, 205, 208 Anski, S., 258 antiquity 78, 87 anti-Semitism, 42,131 Apostles (Bulgarian nationalists), 99 April Uprising (Bulgaria), 10, 63, 66, 99, 115, 223 Arabs, 21,25,30, 79,192, 216, 218, 236, 238, 274, 276 Armenia, 241, 262, 265; genocide, 239 Armenians, 11,92,155, 221-23, 225, 227, 238-39,256,262,275; Turkish, 155. See also under Christians; identity; nationalism Asia, Asians, 17, 67, 77, 205; Central, 22-24, 57, 66,94,121,241, 251, 255 Asia Minor, 21, 24, 96, 226 Askold (Kievan ruler), 83 Asperuch (Bolgar leader), 22 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 66, 214, 245,
253, 256, 266, 276 Athens, 78, 87, 224 atrocities, 61, 66, 71,121,125,143,157, 225, 259, 261, 265; Bulgarian, 63, 66,113,116, 136 Attila the Hun, 22,147 Austria, Austrians, 47,71,110,164,222, 244, 261 Austrian Empire, 71, 88 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 46, 57,198 autonomy, 16,19, 29, 42,49, 54,71,156, 162, 220, 232, 240, 251 Azov, Sea of, 82-83 “bag and baggage,” 74-75,158,271,272
320 I INDEX Bal-Göç (Balkan Immigrant Culture and Solidarity Association), 267 Balkan, Balkans, 20,198, 225; nation states, 36,151, 214,223, 227; Ottoman, 11.32-33.35.37. 55.57. 94, 216-17, 219, 221, 227; people, 95,112, 276; provinces, 24,174, 255; soil, 17,19,107; territories, 58, 205, 226,244. See also under Chris tians; elite; Muslims; nationalism; Slav Balkan Peninsula, 1, 21,39, 72, ігз, 119 Balkan Wars, 112,190,214-15, 244, 247, 252, 255, 257, 268 Baltic Sea, 21, 86 Baqä, Abü al, 221 Baring, Walter, 70 bashi bazouk. See başıbozuk başıbozuk, 62-63,76,106,117,126,191 Basil the Bulgar Slayer, 23, 85 Basiret (newspaper), 170 176,194,196, 206, 243, 258 Batak, 63, 70 Battenberg, Alexander of, 163 Beirut, 179, 275 Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew, 222 Berlin, 33,197-98, 210,247; Conference, 173, 213, 239, 261; Congress of, 198; Treaty, 33, 93,197-200, 210 Bessarabia, 198, 222 Beyazıt I, 24,96 Beyazıt II, 4 Biondich, Mark, 103 Black Sea, 1,10, 20-22,24,38-41,56-57, 80,83, 86, 97-98,109,166 Blue Mosque, 4,177,179,181,183,185 Bolgars, 21-22 Bolsheviks, 251 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 8, 29, 78 borders, 14-15,18, 34, 55-56, 86, 89,141, 151,158,197,205,270 Borges, Jorge Luis, 228, 273 Boris I (Bulgaria), 23, 87 Simeon (Bulgaria), 97 Bosnaks, 30,32,36 Bosnia, Bosnians, 32, 35, 46-47, 58,108, 127,162, 206, 212, 222, 265-66 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 61,71,198 Bosphorus Straits, 76,163,176,184,191,202 Botev, Hristo, 99 Boué, Ami, 219 Boyar, Ebru, 13, 270 Britain, 57-58,61, 63, 68, 70-71,73-74. 88, 91. 93.164 Brousse. See Bursa Bucharest, 49, 62,116 Bulgaria, Bulgarian: Church, 54-55, 97; Empire, First,
15, 23,97; historiography, 63, 96-97,157; history, 52-53,96-97; independence, 51-52,97, 225; lands, 24, 47, 95, 220; language, 43, 53; modern, 33, 52; Ottoman, 9-10, 29,36,40,42; people, 23, 53,56; populations, 40, 114,119-20,199,201; provinces, 9, 49, 121, 243; state, 16, 23,55,97,151,158, 198-99, 202, 208. See also under atroci ties; Christians; elite; Jews; literature; Muslims Bulgarian Legion, 115,118 Bulgarian Horrors, 9-10, 52, 61, 63, 66, 68, 70-71, 74, 91-92,143, ИЗ, 184, 223 Bulgars, 23, 26, 43,48, 53,105,131,134,147 Bursa (Brousse), 15,98, 205 Byron, George Gordon, 61 Byzantine Empire, 4,15-16,20, 23-24,37, 42, 80, 81, 84-85, 87, 88, 96-97, 226 Byzantines, 5, 22-25,37, 81-83, 85, 88,93, 97 Byzantium, 82-86, 90,92,100; medieval, 52 Calmucks. See Kalmyks Carlyle, Thomas, 75-76 Carmichael, Cathie, 27-28 Carroll, Lewis, 68 catastrophe theory, 10, 95-96, 98-99 Catherine the Great, 40, 59, 86-87, 90, 216 Catholics, Catholicism, 23, 80, 82, 216 Caucasus, 40-41, 44, 63, 66,121,154, 206, 269 Charteris, Francis, 263 Chatty, Dawn, 151, 236 Cherkasskii, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, 113-14,119-20,122-23 China, 21, 66, 80,93, 251 Chirac, Jacques, 2
INDEX Christianity, 42, 72, 74, 76, 79, 84, 86-88, 92,102,112,179, 205,216-18, 220 Christians, 15, 22, 25, 28,30-32,34, 37-40, 42,44,46-47, 49-51,54,63,71,73-74, 76, 86,91-92, 95,113-14,120,178-79, 186,190, 200, 202, 235, 246, 249; Arme nian, 25; Balkan, 26,30, 85,94,224, 240; Bulgarian, 39, 43-45,47; empires, 66, 220; European, 94; minorities, 199, 245; Orthodox, 20, 22, 25-26,53, 55, 84-85; Ottoman, 52,56. See also under Gypsies Çilek, Hüseyin, 266 Circassians, 30,35,38-41, 47, 63, 66,121, 126,181,192,197, 205,215,235, 243-44, 266, 271 citizenship, 210-11,238, 241 class, 39, 44, 49, 53,98 120,156,226, 264 Cold War, 264-65 colonialism, 77,156, 215, 241,251,252; anti, 98 communism, communist, 45,95, 226, 264; regimes, 32,36, 265 Connerton, Paul, 255 Constantine the Great, 82-83, 86, 87, 89 Constantinople, 22, 72, 83,85, 89, 93,148, 168,169,175. See also Istanbul, Tsargrad Córdoba, 15, 220-21 Çorlu, 167,174 corruption, 26, 43-44,48, 95 Cossacks, 9-ю, 41,75,107-8,114-19, 121-22,125-26,128-29,131,134-35,138, 140,142,164,153,166,169,191, 249 Crampton, Richard, 26,157 Crete, 54, 96,154-55,158-60, 207 Crimea, Crimeans, 22,40, 44, 86-87, 216, 235, 253, 258, 266 Crimean War, 40, 56,71-72,90-91,121, 211, 258, 268 cruelty, 9, 43, 67, 96,102,125,130-31,143, 191, 223 crusades, 15, 24, 73, 78-81,96, 241 culture, 30, 43,49, 53, 82, 87, 95,102, 230, 246,251 CUP (Committee of Union and Prog ress), 244, 255 customs, 25, 48, 240, 243,255 I 321 Cyprus, 198, 222 Cyril (saint), 87, 88 Damascus, 70,179, 217 Danilevskii, Nikolai Iakovlevich, 87 Danube (river), 1,14 Danube (province), 33,35, 40,
49,103, 107,108 Dardanelles, 86,163, 205 Darwin, Charles, 66 demographics, 32-33, 58,76,103,107,158 Derby, Edward, 76 devşirme (Ottoman policy), 33 diasporas, 41, 221-22, 238, 239. See also under Jews Dionysius (patriarch), 85 Dir (Kievan ruler), 83 displacement, 110,151,168, 238, 252 Disraeli, Benjamin, 65-66, 76 diversity, 9,19, 29, 32, 36,38,209, 240 Dobruca, 33,38, 40, 97,109,166,198, 235, 25Յ Doksanüç Harbi. See War of ’93 Donchev, Anton, 95 Dondukov-Korsakov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, 16, 200-201 Donmehs, 30 Dostoevskii, Fyodor Mikhailovich, 66, 91-93, 267 Dubnow, Simon, 248 dysentery, 150,181-82 edicts, 86,176, 207, 216, 243 Edirne (Adrianople), 33, 62,121,138-39, 143,147,149-50,152,162,165-66, 169-70,172-73,190.199, 224, 253-54· See also Adrianopole Egypt, 4, 24, 215, 218, 241 Eichmann, Adolph, 248, 262 Eid al֊Fitr, 17,167 elite, 30, 39, 240, 252, 255; Balkan, 10, 28, 56, 95; Bulgarian, 49,55; Germanic, 23; Ottoman, 5, 28; Turkic, 23; Russian, 80; Westernized, 252 equality, 29,44, 50, 54, 207 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 265-66 Ermisch, Conrad, 219
322 I INDEX Ersoy, Mehmet Akif, 273 ethnic cleansing, 10,73,101,108,127, 219, 221-23,225,246 Europe, 1,5, 9-11,14-16, 20-21,23, 27, 29, 42,46, 49, 61,71-77, 80, 82, 86, 88,91-95,99,107-9,156,197-98, 206, 215-18,220-22, 227, 241, 248, 256; dis courses, 10,77,98,104; empires, 31,151; powers, 48,51, 57,71, 77,79, 85, 94.103. 197-99, 259; southeast, 15, 20; western, 8,38, 79,81, 83, 87, 95,108. See also under Christians; imperialism; Jews; Ottoman executions, 112,114,127 exile, 31,158,194,196, 215, 274; forced, 31 extermination, 67,112-13,121.198 Fanon, Franz, 98-99 Fawcett, Henry, 141 Fadeev, Rostislav Andreevich, 93 firman (edict), 54,153,177. See aho edicts First World War, 5, 8,73, 93,198-99, 211, 222, 244, 255-56, 262 flight, mass, 10,18,108,131 Forbes, Archibald, 143-47158 Fournier, Hughes, 112 France, 23,40, 51,56, 57, 88, 91,93,220, 259, 261; French Indochina, 251 Franco-Prussian War, 57, 222 Freud, Sigmund, 248, 276 Frucht, Richard, 157 Fuentes, Carlos, 214 fugitives, 138,140,169-70,173,179-80 Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 66 Gurko, Iosif Vladimirovich, 116 Geneva Conventions, 110 Genghis Khan, 21-22 Germans, Germany, 23, 91, 244, 261 Gladstone, William, 65-66, 74-76, 271273 Glenny, Micha, 223 Ignatiev, Nikolai Pavlovich, 50, 52 Goehlert, Johann Vincenz, 74 Golden Horde, 22,39-40, 80-82, 85 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 274 Gradeva, Rossitsa, 45 Granada, 15-16, 217-18, 220 Nikolai (Russian grand duke), 125,161-64 Grant, Sir Henry, 263 Grant, Ulysses S„ 165 Great Britain, 40,56,93,153,198, 261 Greece, 37, 74-75, 77, 87, 214, 223, 266; independence, 71,75,77, 87,154; patri arch of,
25-26, 55, 266; revolution, 77֊78 Greeks, 20-21, 26,30,32,39, 53-54. 75. 81, 86-87, 92, 96,158,167, 215,222, 242, 245,256 grief, 133,136, 215, 268 Grmek, Mirko, 224 Gutsa-Venelin, Iurii Ivanovich, 55, 88 Gypsies, 30,37-39, 62,72,141,181,196, 249, 276; Christian, 37; Muslim, 37,106; Ottoman, 37 Hagia Sophia (Saint Sophia), 80,87, 91, 163-64,177-79,180,180-84,186-88, 189 190, 213, 271 Halbwachs, Maurice, 229, 235 Hall, Sydney P„ 148 Harmanlı, 139,141-43,152 Haškovo, 141-42,152 Hegel, Georg, 276 Hellenization, 43,97 Hidayet Pasha. See St. Clair, Stanislaw Bower Graham Hikmet, Nazim, 17 Hitler, Adolf, 221-22 Holocaust, 221, 235,248-49, 262, 276 Holquist, Peter, 121 Holy Land, 73, 80-81 Horowitz, Donald, 112 Hughes, Lindsey, 85 Hugo, Victor, 66 Hungary, 14,46,70,224 hunger, 9,108,110,139-40,157,170,185, 205, 209 Huns, 21, 55,147 Hüseyin Raci Efendi, 196 Huyshe, Wentworth, 138 identity, 11,19,27,95, 213, 236,241, 247, 255,256,266; Armenian, 222; ethnic, 30, 256; group, 210,238-39; Muhacir,
INDEX 235. 239 245. 257; religious, 27,30; Turkish, 255, 257, 270-71. See also under Muslims; Palestine ideology, 79,211, 239,240,276; Turkish Republican, 254, 257 Illustrated London News, 137,146,168, 203 immigration, 32,44, 206, 210,241; refu gee, 207-8, 211, 238 imperialism, 31,46, 87,171,198, 215; Euro pean, 61,72, 241 India, Indians, 21,37, 41, 66, 71, 74,77,94, 241 İnönü, İsmet, 256 insurgency, 123,152-53,155,192,194,199, 262 insurrection, 54,112,118,153,155 İpek, Nedim, 157, 227 Iran, Iranians, 38, 250 irredentism, 244, 274 Irving, Montagu, 133 Islam: architecture, 216; law, 240; mysti cism, 15; politicization of, 240-41. See also Muslims Islamophobia, 12 Israel, 248, 262, 274 Istanbul, 4-5,10,34, 52, 89,162,167,174, 177,187,190,199, 204, 210, 213, 238, 252; refugees in, 172-73,184,196,199, 259. See also Constantinople, Tsargrad Italy, 23, 214, 261 Ivan III, 85, 93 Ivanko (Bulgarian noble), 97-98 izzet Bey, 125 izzet Paşa, 210 James, Henry, 68 Janissaries, 38 Jews, 15, 25,31, 44, 65,72,131,167, 220-22, 225, 227, 235, 238, 248-49, 256,276; Ashkenazi, 42,43; Bulgarian, 42-43; collective memory, 235; converted, 30; diaspora, 131; European, 43, 248, 262; Ottoman, 43,131; refugee, 167; Romaniotes, 42; Sephardic, 42; Span ish, 167, 213, 274. See also Judaism Jircek, Konstantin, 53 John Cantecuzenus (emperor), 24 Յ2Յ journalists, 70, 91,119,145,184, 233, 244, 258, 265 Judaism, 22, 80, 220 Justinian, 181 Kafka, Franz, 112 Kalmyks (Calmucks), 75, 274 Kaplan, Robert, 222 Karavelov, Lyuben, 99 Karbadian peoples, 41 Katkov, Mikhail Nikiforovich, 70 Kauffman, M., 169
Kazanlak, 105,116,130,167,175 Kazantzakis, Nikos, 154,158 Kemal, Mustafa. See Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Kemal, Yahya, 13 Khazars, 22 Khrushchev, Nikita, 274 Kiel, Machiei, 95, 96 Kincaid, Jamaica, 228 Kipchaks, 21 Kipling, Rudyard, 13,15 Knobler, Adam, 81 Kohn, Hans, 88, 92 Koran, 99,116,118. See also Quran Krum (Bulgarian khan), 23 Kublai Khan, 251 Küçük Kaynarca, Treaty of, 40, 86 Kula, Witold, 276 Kundera, Milan, 257 Kuntay, Mithat Cemal, 268-69 Lane-Poole, Stanley, 220 Lawrence, T. E., 61 law, 49-50, 54,102,119,121, 243 Layard, Austen Henry, 112,121-22,135, 149,175,182,184,186-87, 241, 259-63 Leist, Fred, 272 Lermontov, Mikhail Iurevich, 89 Levski, Vasil, 99 Lewis, Geoffrey, 250 Lieberman, Benjamin, 121 literacy, 249, 252 literature, 158, 217, 267-68; Bulgarian, 115; Ottoman, 268; post-Ottoman, 102; Ser bian, 101; Turkish, 267-69
324 I INDEX Lombards, 23 London, 66-67,119,122,163, 217 Lord Elcho. See Charteris, Francis Macedonia, Macedonian, 35, 51,97,158, 166,198, 215-16 MacGahan, Januarius, 66, 70,143,184 madrasas, 176-77 Makovskii, Konstantin Egorovich, 64 Malay, Malays, 250,251 Maikki, Liisa, 238 Mann, Michael, 103 Mannheim, Karl, 253 Marmara, 93,166, 207, 213 Mazower, Mark, 34, 223 McCarthy, Justin, 113,157, 223 Mecca, 86,111, 217 Mediterranean, 10,17, 83,165; sea, 207, 218 Mehmet II, 4,13, 79 Mehmet Paşa, 182 memorializing, 248, 262 memory, 1, 4-5, 8-9,11-12,108,154, 214, 216, 221-22, 227-35, 238-39, 244-48, 252-53, 255-58, 262-64, 270-71. 273-76; collective, 20, 228-31, 271; public, 1, 264; social, 210, 234; sponsorship of, 233-34; Western, 8. See also under Jews; Muhacirs; Turkey Menteşe, Halil, 244 Methodius (saint), 87, 88 Middle East, 21, 24, 49, 77, 217, 225,265 military, 23,37,48, 56,71,114,120,122,123, 201, 264, service, 28,35, 47, 51,152 Miliutin, Dmitrii Alekseevich, 123 millet (Ottoman community system), 19, 25-ՅՆ 34,44,47,49,54, 218, 240 266; Muslim, 30; Orthodox, 29-30, 53 Miloševič, Slobodan, 265 minorities, 24, 29,35, 51, 71, 266; rights, 198 Mithat Paşa, 5,33,35, 49-50,149, 212 Mohammed, 91 Mohammedans, 74,92,120,121,122,214, 220. See abo Musselmans; Muslims Mongol, Mongolian, 21, 22, 41, 75, 80-82, 86, 92, 251 Montenegro, 35,100-101 Moors, 72,167,219, 220 Morea, 74, 79,154 Moriscos, 217-18 Mormons, 235 Moscow, 56, 62, 66, 81-82, 84, 89,98 Moskovskie Vedomosti (newspaper), 92 Moslems. See Muslims Moulin, Jules, 52 Mubadils, 266, 271 Mughals, 21 Muhacirs, 226, 234,236, 239,
245,247, 252-53, 257, 264,267-68, 271; memory, 243,245-46, 256, 271. See also under identity Murat V, 195 Musil, Robert, 2 Muslims, 1, 8-11,15-19, 21-22, 24-25, 27-40, 43-47, 49-52, 54, 57, 62-63, 65, 72-7Յ, 75-79,81, 86,92, 94,103-4,1068,111-15,117-18,121-22,126-27,130-31, 134-35,139,151-54,156-58,166-67,191, 198-202, 206, 209-11, 214-21,223-25, 227,240-41, 251-52,256-57, 261; Ana tolia, 32, 244; Balkan, 1,19,38,39,174; Bulgarian, 18,130,157,185,199, 212, 220, 271; character, 17, 25, 240; civil ians, 110,118,134, 258; democracy, 266; diversity, 35-39; identity, 36, 241, 265; immigration, 31, 211-12; lands, 60,127; minorities, 75,199, 202,226; Ottoman, 16,18-19,34-37,39,76,107-8,125,156, 165-66, 223, 236, 238, 249, 252, 257-59, 275; Shia, 235. See also Mohammedans; Mussulmans. See abo under Gypsies; millet; refugees; Spain; women Mussulmans, 78,113,119,184, 263; popu lations, 121,135,146. See also Moham medans; Muslims Nabokov, Vladimir, 273 nationalism, 10-11, 27-28,30,47, 57, 61, 63,96,108,156,158-59,212,240,250, 255, 265, 276; Armenian, 155,221; Bal kan, 33,56, 94-95,102,224, 256; Bul garian, 10,19,23,32,43,55,57-58,99; ethnic, 27, 242; Greek, 78; narratives of, 9, 43; Russian, 88; Turkish, 247
INDEX nation-states, 74,98,103,151,223,225, 230 Native Americans, 225, 235 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organiza tion), 264 Nazis, 221,248, 262 Neuburger, Mary, 131 newspapers, 49, 66,174, 236,243, 251, 264 Nicephorus (emperor), 23 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 275 Nikolai II, 93 Niş revolts, 53 Nora, Pierre, 270 Occident, 13 Odessa, 49, 57, 62, 66 Oğuz (people), 21 Oleg (Rus leader), 83, 89-90 Ollier, Edmund, 132,162 Orenberg Assembly, 86 Orient, 13, 81,91,108 Orientalism, 10,16,61, 77, 91, 94-95,102, 140; Russian, 79,91 Orthodox, Orthodoxy, 23, 26, 54, 55-56, 80, 82, 84, 85, 88, 92-93; Church, 81,87; priests, 161. See also under Christians; millet Orwell, George, 225, 232 Ossetians, 41 Ostrogoths, 23 Ottoman; army, 33,37,135; demographics, 34,157; diplomacy, 70,77; Europe, 15, 34-35, 72, 86,165; government, 5,139, 153,187, 200, 204, 206, 209, 211, 246; history, 45,239, 256,260, 264-65; Par liament, 177,192,244; rule, 5,14,18-19, 24, 27-29,43-45. 47,53, 61,72, 87,95, 98,198, 222, 266; sphere, 8, 25, 53,138, 258-59, 265; state, 5, 42,45, 48-49, 63, 139, 201, 211, 236, 240, 261-62. See also under Balkan; Bulgarian; Christians; elite; Gypsies; Jews; literature; Mus lims; tolerance Özal, Turgut, 264-65 pagans, 22, 81, 94 Paisi, Father, 52-53 Palaeologina, Zoe, 85 ļ 325 Palestine, Palestinians, 11, 73, 222, 225, 227, 236, 273; identity, 238-39 pan-Islamism, 240, 242 pan-Slavism, pan-Slavist, 58, 62, 67, 69-70, 79, 88-89, 93, 95, 98; Russian, 55, 56,91, 249 Paris, 2-4, 8, 222, 275; Treaty of, 57 Passover, 110,135 patriarchate, patriarchs, 23, 25-26, 54-56, 85; ecumenical, 53-56, 84,
97 Pazardzhik, 110,131,147,149,167 peasants, 94,109,136,154, 232; Bulgarian, 48, 67,109,115,118,143,145; Christian, 57, 58,127; Russian, 109 Pechenegs, 21, 83 Persia, 41, 80 Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (Montenegro), 99 Peter the Great, 82-83, 85-86, 89, 93 Phillip II (Spain), 218 Philoetheus of Pskov, 84 Plovdiv, 54, 62,110,138-39,143,147,149, 166-67,189,194-95, 201, 224,275 poetry, poets, 13, 67, 89-91,101, 215, 221, 244, 267-68 Pomaks, 30, 32,36, 38, 62, 63,152,196, 208, 265-66 Popovič, Alexandre, 36 Porte. See Sublime Porte, postcolonialism, 98 Potyomkin, Prince Grigorii Aleksandrov ich, 87 power, 25, 56,78, 84,126,153, 266,270 Prussia, 207, 222 Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeevich, 89 Quran, 17,111,146. See aho Koran Race, racism, 67,74,113,156,177,191, 276 Raffi (Armenian novelist), 155 Rakovski, Georgi, 99 Ramadan, 17,167 rape, 112,118,125,127,129-31,139,142,152, 198, 245, 261, 265, 271 Rauf Paşa, 161 Ravenstein, E. G., 35 rayah, 25,46-47
12б ļ INDEX Reade, R., 76 Red Crescent, 110 Red Cross, 110 refugee, refugees, 9-10,30-31,108-9, 121-23,128,130-31,135-36,138-39.14142,144,147,150,152-53,157-58,161-62, 165-82,185,187-92,194-202,204-14, 221,225, 235-36, 238-46, 248-49, 252-53, 258-59, 261, 265, 267-69, 274; camps, 108,202, 236,238; Commission, 174, 210-u; crisis, 10-11,135; incom ing, 46,169,171,174,176, 208, 212; Muslim, 11,44,126,139,153,157,166-67, 199,201-2, 206, 246, 258; shelters, 11, 189-90,212; Turkish, 124,137,168,201, 254. See also under immigration; Istan bul; Jews Reid, James, 126 religion, 15, 22, 24-25, 27, ЗО, 37,42,44, 49, 61, 80-81, 85, 87-88, 95,113, 211, 216-18, 220, 236, 239, 257, 266, 271; cat egories, 26,30,38; fanaticism, 44,96, 241; worldview, 27, 49. See also under identity resettlement, 161,163,165,167,169,171, 173,175,177,179,181,183,185,187,189, 191,195,197,199, 201, 203-5, 207, 209, 211, 213,222, 236, 239, 245 Rhodope Commission, 121,124; report, 261-63 Rhodope insurgency, 151-54,192 Rhodope Mountains, region, 36,38, 62, 135,152,153,185,194,199-200, 205,261 Robert College, 161 Roman Empire, 4,15, 20, 96 Romania, Romanians, 22,30,33, 42,56, 57, 70,109,113,115-16,162,198,222 Romaniotes. See under Jews Romanticism, 87,88, 216, 220 Rome, 82, 84-85 Rumelia, 11,19,31,33,35,38,42, 49, 65, 108,122,154,192, 211-12, 219, 226, 242, 244,252, 255, 259, 275; Eastern, 153,197, 199,203, 206 Runciman, Steven, 25, 52 Rus, 83, 88, 90 Ruse (Bulgaria), 109,111,147,173,190, 200 Russia, Russian, 5, 8֊u, 39-40,42, 47, 49-50, 54-58, 61, 68,71-72,76, 79-93, 103.107-10,121,123,131,161,164, 197-98, 205,
207, 213, 216, 222, 242, 261; armies, 79, 83,109,116,124,131,138, 144,165-66,168; Empire, 41,44,46, 48, 56-57, 66,72, 86,90,107, 251, 255; expansion, 40-41,46,57, 63, 66, 81, 216; occupation, 113,115,135,139. See also under elite; nationalism; Orientalism; pan-Slavism; peasants Russo-Ottoman wars, 35,240 Russo-Turkish War, 5, 8,38, 50, 55, 65, 79, 89.104.107-8,111,132,151,154,156,162, 206, 222-23,225, 246, 252, 258, 267 Said, Edward, 77,99 Saint Sophia Ccathedral. See Hagia Sophia Salonika, 15, 51-52, 244. See also Thessaloniki Salonika Incident, 32, 52 San Stefano, Treaty of, 5-7,161-64,168, 182,184,190,197 Savfet Paşa, 161 Schuyler, Eugene, 70 Schwartz, Barry, 246 Sebah, Pascal, 247 Selçuk Empire, 24 Semelin, Jacques, 73, 223 Serbia, Serbian, 15,24,26,33,35,56-58, 62, 71,96-97,154,163,214, 222-23,242, 271. See aho under literature Serbs, 15,26,30, 54, 69, 85, 92 Seville, 15, 217, 221 Shaw, Stanford, 223 Shawqi, Ahmed, 215-16 Shishman family, 23,97 Shumen (Sumla), 109,125,137,147,166 Şimşir, Bilal, 259-60, 263 Sistova, 109-10,120,138 Skobelev, Mikhail Dmitrievich, 141,164 Slavs, Slavic, 9, 22-23, 54-55, 66, 69, 72, 75, 87-88,93, 212, 220, 226; Balkan, 56, 84; confederation, 88,93; language, 43,
INDEX 55; southern, 88-89; state, 88,103,121. See also pan-Slavism Slavophilism, 91-92 smallpox, 178,181-82,184 Sofia, 5,16-18,110,138-39,141,144,147, 166, 224 softa, 52 Sophocles, 78, 87 sovereignty, 77,103,198, 215, 230 Soviet Union, 251, 264, 265 Spain, 2123, 42, 74, 215-18, 220,276; fifteenth-century, 16, 217-19; Islamic, 216, 219; Moorish, 15,105, 217, 220; Muslim, 217, 259; Reconquista, 216, 220 Stalin, Joseph, 274 Stara Zagora, 118,127,136,167, 201, 248 St. Clair, Stanislaw Bower Graham, 153 Stead, William Thomas, 73 Stoker, Bram, 13 Strand, Mark, 271 Stratsimir, Ivan, 97-98 Strauss, Johann, 14 Suavi, Ali, 153,190,192-96, 239, 243, 266 Sublime Porte (Ottoman government), 52,65, 79,153,196, 206 Sufis, 38,176, 208 Suleiman the Magnificent, 4,31 Abdülaziz II, 5, 50 sürgün. See exile Suvorov, Aleksandr Vasilevich, 161 Sviatoslav, 83 Syria, 74,179, 209, 218 Takvim-i Vekayii (newspaper), 243 Tanzimat reforms, 28,44, 48-49 Tamovo, 57,117,167 Tatars, 30,35, 38,39-41, 47, 48, 81-82,197, 216, 227, 235; Crimean, 39-40,93, 274; Central Asian, 92 Tchorbadjis, 128 Thessaloniki, 15, 88,147,166. See also Salonika Third Rome doctrine, 84-85 Tirnova, 48,120,123,138 Tito, Josip Broz, 265 Tiutchev, Fyodor Ivanovich, 89-90 ļ 327 Todorova, Maria, 20 tolerance, 216, 220; Mongol, 80; Ottoman, 29, 43. 256, 257, 266, 271 tolerans, 266, 270 Tolstoi, Leo, 59, 60, 69-70,102,155, 267 Tornai, Gyula, 180 Toumarkine, Alexandre, 111 trauma, 11,40,175, 222,226-27,234-36, 238,245-46,252,254-55,257,270,275-76 treaties, 5, 22, 85, 256. See also Küçük Kaynarca. See also under Berlin; Paris; San Stefano
Trumpbour, John, 59 Tsargrad, 83,93,163. See also Constanti nople, Istanbul Tsertelev, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 70,122 Tundja valley, 105-6, 261 Turcomans, 30, 38 Turgenev, Ivan, 67-68, 91,158 Turkey, Turkish, 1,11-12,32, 65, 67,76,111, 155, 206, 213, 215, 219-20, 222, 225-27, 251-52,254, 256, 259, 261, 264-67, 26971, 275; government, 99,186, 206, 257; history, 9, 255, 267; homeland, 206, 226, 257; language reform, 250-51; memory, 227, 252; modern, 33; Republic, 8,156, 205, 214, 226, 227,245, 249, 252-57, 259, 264, 266, 268, 270; rule, 10, 53, 74, 78, 87,95,99,106; society, 252, 256, 264, 266, 270-71. See also under alphabet; Armenians; identity; ideology; litera ture; memory; nationalism; refugees Turkey-in-Europe, 13-15,17,19, 21,23, 25, 27, 29, Зі, 33, 35, 37, 39, 4L 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 Turkishness, 241, 255-56, 266 Turkophobia, 10,12 typhoid, 181,182,184 typhus, 165,181,182,184,189 United States, 165, 235 Urban II (pope), 73 Uyghurs, 22, 251 Valchev, Todor, 157 Varna, 38,54,109,147,166,173, 200, 202
328 ļ INDEX vatan, 176,192, 206 Väzov, Ivan, 59,102,154-55,158 Vereshchagin, Aleksandr Vasilevich, 114-115 Vereshchagin, Vasilii Vasilevich, 106,114 Victoria (queen), 113 Vienna, 14, 72,147,198; Congress of, 198 violence, 9-10,16, 29,43, 48, 60, 62-63, 73~74 76, 79,98,103,107-8, no, 112, 114,118,125,126-27,151-52.154.169, 184,192,201, 223, 224, 246, 265, 270-71; intercommunal, 29,114 Volga (river and region), 21, 22, 81, 216 Washburn, George, 161 Western Daily Press, 214 Wilde, Oscar, 66 women, 35,38, 63, 69, 77-78,111,125,12732,134,135,139-43,149,167,169-73, 189,191, 204, 247, 249; Greek, 186, 225; Muslim, 125,127,130, 271 Woodville, Richard Caton, Jr., 146,203 World War I. See First World War World War II, 248 Walachia, 30, 85,154 War of’93,108,156,252, 265, 268 Zürcher, Erik Jan, 253 Young Turks, 5,194 Yugoslavia, 101, 265 Ä Bayerisch* Staatsbibliothek МОпеһйп |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Holt, William H. 1979- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1205567410 |
| author_facet | Holt, William H. 1979- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Holt, William H. 1979- |
| author_variant | w h h wh whh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046290545 |
| classification_rvk | NP 6450 NP 5920 |
| contents | Twilight in Turkey-in-Europe -- Bag and baggage -- Massacre and expulsion -- Refuge and resettlement -- Aphasia and amnesia |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1137860764 (DE-599)BVBBV046290545 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Balkan |
| id | DE-604.BV046290545 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-31T02:16:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781607816959 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031668031 |
| oclc_num | 1137860764 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-B1595 DE-11 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-B1595 DE-11 DE-188 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | x, 328 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200212 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | The University of Utah Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Holt, William H. 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)1205567410 aut The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis William H. Holt Balkan reconquista & Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis Salt Lake City The University of Utah Press [2019] x, 328 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Twilight in Turkey-in-Europe -- Bag and baggage -- Massacre and expulsion -- Refuge and resettlement -- Aphasia and amnesia "The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis brings together a wide array of eyewitness accounts to provide unprecedented detail on the plight of Muslims during the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78 when massacres, rapes, and the looting and burning of their villages led hundreds of thousands of Muslims to flee from Bulgaria into Turkey. The book explores the tensions between Muslims and Christians in the Balkans before 1877, the ethnic cleansing and migration that resulted, the subsequent refugee crisis in Istanbul, and the resettlement of refugees in Anatolia. Author William Holt seeks to understand why these events, clearly important in Turkish history, are so little known in Turkey today. In crisp and engaging prose, he provides a compelling narrative and insightful analysis about human suffering and social memory"--Provided by publisher Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 gnd rswk-swf Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd rswk-swf Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd rswk-swf Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd rswk-swf Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 gnd rswk-swf Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 / Atrocities Muslims / Crimes against / Balkan Peninsula Muslims / Balkan Peninsula / History / 19th century Muslims / Turkey / History / 19th century Balkan Peninsula / Emigration and immigration / History / 19th century Turkey / Emigration and immigration / History / 19th century Refugees / Turkey / History / 19th century Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) Atrocities Emigration and immigration Muslims Muslims / Crimes against Refugees Balkan Peninsula Turkey 1800-1899 History Balkan (DE-588)4069099-4 g Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 g Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 s Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 s Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-60781-696-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031668031&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031668031&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031668031&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Holt, William H. 1979- The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis Twilight in Turkey-in-Europe -- Bag and baggage -- Massacre and expulsion -- Refuge and resettlement -- Aphasia and amnesia Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 gnd Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4206590-2 (DE-588)4063299-4 (DE-588)4040921-1 (DE-588)4061163-2 (DE-588)4069099-4 |
| title | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis |
| title_alt | Balkan reconquista & Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis |
| title_auth | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis |
| title_exact_search | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis |
| title_full | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis William H. Holt |
| title_fullStr | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis William H. Holt |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis William H. Holt |
| title_short | The Balkan reconquista and Turkey's forgotten refugee crisis |
| title_sort | the balkan reconquista and turkey s forgotten refugee crisis |
| topic | Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 (DE-588)4206590-2 gnd Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Russisch-Türkischer Krieg 1877-1878 Vertreibung Muslim Türkei Balkan |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031668031&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031668031&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031668031&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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