Plant factory: an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production
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| Sprache: | English |
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London ; San Diego ; Cambridge ; Oxford
Elsevier Academic Press
[2020]
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| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxvii, 487 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780128166918 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Plant factory |b an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production |c edited by Toyoki Kozai, Genhua Niu, Michiko Takagaki |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London ; San Diego ; Cambridge ; Oxford |b Elsevier Academic Press |c [2020] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2020 | |
| 300 | |a xxvii, 487 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
Contributors xxiii
Preface xxvii
PART 1 Overview and concept of closed plant production system
(CPPS)_
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3
Toyoki Kozai and Genhua Niu
References 6
CHAPTER 2 Role of the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) in urban
areas 7
Toyoki Kozai and Genhua Niu
2 1 Introduction 7
2 2 Interrelated global issues to be solved concurrently 7
2 3 Resource inflow and waste outflow in urban areas 9
2 4 Energy and material balance in Urban ecosystems 11
241 Photoautotrophs (plants) and heterotrophs (animals and
microorganisms) 11
242 Waste produced in urban areas as an essential resource for growing
plants 12
243 Plant production systems integrated with other biological systems 13
244 Role of organic fertilizers and microorganisms in the soil 15
245 Stability and controllability of the environment in plant production
systems 16
246 Key indices for sustainable food production 17
247 What is “PFAL”? 18
248 Plants suited and unsuited to PFALs 19
2 5 Growing social needs and interest in PFALs 20
2 6 Criticisms of PFALs and responses to them 21
261 Introduction 21
262 Initial cost is too high 22
263 Production cost is too high 22
264 Electricity cost is too high, whereas solar light is free 24
265 Labor cost is too high 25
266 PFAL-grown vegetables are neither tasty nor nutritious 26
267 Most PFALs are not making a profit 27
268 Land price is too high 27
V
vi Contents
i ?7
269 Water consumption for irrigation is too high
2 6 10 PFALs can only produce leafy greens—minor vegetables— ^
economically
2 7 Toward a sustainable
271 Requirements for a sustainable PFAL
272 Factors affecting the sustainability of PFALs •••• 31
273 Similarities between the Earth, space farms, autonomous cities, and
PFALs 32
'X'X
2 8 Conclusion
33
References
CHAPTER 3 PFAL business and R amp;D in Asia and North America: status and
perspectives 35
3 1 Introduction 33
3 2 Japan 33
Toyoki Komi
321 Brief history and current status of the PFAL business 35
322 Research and development 37
323 Public service 38
3 3 Taiwan 39
Wei Fang
331 Status of PFALs in Taiwan 39
332 PFAL expo in Taiwan 40
333 PFAL research 41
334 Business models of PFAL in Taiwan 49
335 Conclusions 51
3 4 Korea 51
Changhoo Chun
341 PFALs, an icon of innovation in future production and consumption 51
342 Research and technical development (RTD) 52
343 Private companies and farms in the PFAL business 54
344 Achievements and challenges 54
3 5 China 55
Yuxin Tong and Qichang Yang
351 Development and current status of PFALs in China 55
352 Research activities 55
353 Typical PFALs and case studies 55
354 Conclusion ^
Contents vii
3 6 Thailand 64
Watcharra Chintakovid and Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana
361 R amp;D on PFALs in Thailand 64
362 R amp;D and business in the private sector 66
363 Policy and future prospects for PFALs 69
3 7 North America 69
Chieri Kubota
371 History 69
372 Contribution of space science 70
373 Current status and future prospects 71
References 73
Further reading 75
CHAPTER 4 Vertical farming in Europe: present status and outlook 77
Michele Butturini and Leo F M Marcelis
4 1 Introduction 77
4 2 Vertical farming nonprofit sector associations 79
4 3 The entrepreneurial landscape 79
431 Overview 79
432 Examples for each vertical farming typology 80
433A deeper look into the Dutch vertical fanning landscape 84
434 Projects expected to be completed in the near future 85
435 Examples of vertical farming as a new market for established
European companies 86
4 4 Final remarks and conclusions 88
Acknowledgments 88
References 88
CHAPTER 5 Plant factory as a resource-efficient closed plant production
system 93
Toyoki Kozai and Genhua Niu
5 1 Introduction 94
5 2 Definition and principal components of PFAL 95
5 3 Definition of resource use efficiency 96
531 Water use efficiency 97
532 CO2 use efficiency 99
533 Light energy use efficiency of lamps and plant community 101
534 Electrical energy use efficiency of lighting 102
535 Electrical energy use efficiency of heat pumps for cooling 103
536 Inorganic fertilizer use efficiency 103
viii Contents
5 4 Representative values of resource use efficiency
5 5 Electricity consumption and cost
5 6 Improving light energy use efficiency
561 Introduction
562 Interplant lighting and upward lighting
563 Improving the ratio of light energy received by leaves
564 Using LEDs
565 Controlling environmental factors other than light
566 Controlling air current speed
567 Increasing the salable portion of plants
568 Increasing annual production capacity and sales volume per unit
land area
5 7 Estimation of rates of photosynthesis, transpiration, and water and nutrient
uptake
571 Introduction
572 Net photosynthetic rate
573 Transpiration rate
574 Water uptake rate by plants
575 Ion uptake rate by plants
576 Application
5 8 Coefficient of performance of heat pump
References
CHAPTER 6 Micro- and mini-PFALs for improving the quality of life in
urban areas
Michiko Takagaki, Hiromichi Hara and Toyoki Kozai
6 1 Introduction
6 2 Characteristics and types of m-PFALs
6 3 m-PFALs in various scenes
631 Homes
632 Restaurants and shopping centers
633 Schools and community centers
634 Hospitals
635 Offices
636 Small shops and rental m-PFALs
6 4 Design concept of m-PFALs
6 5 m-PFALs connected by the internet
6 6 Advanced usage of m-PFAL
661 Connecting with a virtual m-PFAL
662 Visualizing plant growth as affected by energy and material balance
663 Maximizing productivity and benefits using minimum resources
664 Learning the basics of an ecosystem
665 Challenges
103
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109
,109
,110
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124
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126
126
126
Contents ix
6 7 m-PFALs connected with other biosystems as a model ecosystem 126
6 8 Light source and lighting system design 128
Acknowledgments 128
References 128
CHAPTER 7 Rooftop plant production systems in urban areas 129
Nadia Sabeh
7 1 Introduction 129
7 2 Rooftop plant production 129
721 Raised-bed production 130
722 Continuous row farming 131
723 Hydroponic greenhouse growing 131
7 3 Building integration 131
731 Stormwater management 131
732 Energy use reductions 133
References 135
PART 2 Basics of physics and physiology - Environments
_and their effects_
CHAPTER 8 Light sources 139
Kazuhiro Fujiwara
8 1 Introduction 139
8 2 Classification of light sources 139
8 3 Light-emitting diodes 140
831 General benefits 140
832 Outline of the light-emitting mechanism 141
833 Configuration types 141
834 Basic terms expressing electrical and optical characteristics 142
835 Electrical and thermal characteristics in operation 144
836 Lighting and light intensity control methods 144
837 Lesser-known benefits and disadvantages related to use 144
838 LED modules with different color LEDs for PFALs 145
839 Pulsed light and its effects 146
8 3 10 Description of LED luminaire performance for plant cultivation 146
8 4 Fluorescent lamps 147
841 General benefits 149
842 Configuration of tubular fluorescent lamps 149
843 Outline of the light emission mechanism and process 149
844 Relative spectral radiant flux of light emitted from a fluorescent lamp 149
References 150
X
Contents
CHAPTER 9 Plant responses to light
Haijie Dou and Genhua Niu
9 1 Physical properties of light and its measurement
911 Physical properties
912 Light measurement
9 2 Plant responses to light environments
921 Photoreceptors ;
922 Plant response to light intensity, photoperiod, and daily light integral
923 Plant response to light quality
9 3 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 10 LED advancements for plant-factory artificial lighting
153
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153
154
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156
159
161
163
164
167
Cary A Mitchell and Fatemeh Sheibani
10 1 Need for CEA of all kinds 167
10 2 All-important energy costs 167
10 3 Pre-LED era 168
10 4 Enter light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 168
10 5 History of LED use for plant lighting 169
10 6 First LED/plant-growth tests 169
10 7 NASA spinoff 170
10 8 Sorting out the spectral contributions of LED wavebands 170
10 9 Red light 171
10 10 Blue light 172
10 11 Green light 173
10 12 Far-red light 174
10 13 White light from LEDs 175
10 14 UV radiation from LEDs 176
10 15 Advances in LEDs for PFAL 177
10 16 Intrinsic LED efficiency 177
10 17 Advances in LED utilization 178
10 18 Distribution of light from LEDs 178
10 19 Leveraging the unique properties of LEDs 179
10 20 Phasic co-optimization of LED lighting with the aerial environment 179
10 21 Multiple light/growth prescriptions simultaneously in a warehouse 180
10 22 Summary jgg
References , on
fi'i-
t©-'
#81
Contents xi
CHAPTER 11 Physical environmental factors and their properties 185
Genhua Niu, Toyoki Kozai and Nadia Sabeh
11 1 Introduction 185
11 2 Temperature, energy, and heat 185
11 2 1 Energy balance 185
11 2 2 Radiation 186
11 2 3 Heat conduction and convection 186
11 2 4 Latent heat—transpiration 187
11 2 5 Measurement of temperature 187
11 3 Water vapor 188
11 3 1 Humidity 188
11 3 2 Vapor pressure deficit 188
11 3 3 Measurement of humidity 189
11 4 Moist air properties 189
11 4 1 Composition of air 189
11 4 2 Psychrometric chart 190
11 5 CO2 concentration 193
11 5 1 Nature 193
11 5 2 Dynamic changes of CO2 concentration in PFALs 193
11 5 3 Measurement of CO2 concentration 193
11 6 Air current speed 194
11 6 1 Nature and definition 194
11 6 2 Measurement 194
11 7 Number of air exchanges per hour 194
11 7 1 Nature and definition 194
11 7 2 Measurement of air exchange 195
References 195
CHAPTER 12 Photosynthesis and respiration 197
Wataru Yamori
12 1 Introduction 197
12 2 Photosynthesis 197
12 2 1 Light absorption by photosynthetic pigments 197
12 2 2 Electron transport and bioenergetics 199
12 2 3 Carbon fixation and metabolism 199
12 3 C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis 200
12 4 Respiration 201
12 5 Photorespiration 202
12 6 Leaf area index (LAI) and light penetration 203
12 7 Single leaf and canopy 204
References 205
xii Contents
CHAPTER 13 Growth, development, transpiration, and translocation
as affected by abiotic environmental factors
Chieri Kubota
13 1 Introduction
13 2 Shoot and root growth
13 2 1 Growth: definition
13 2 2 Root growth
13 3 Environmental factors affecting plant growth and development
13 3 1 Temperature and plant growth and development
13 3 2 Daily light integral
13 3 3 Light quality
13 3 4 Humidity (VPD)
13 3 5 CO2 concentration
13 3 6 Air current speed
13 3 7 Nutrient and root zone
13 4 Development (photoperiodism and temperature affecting flower
development)
13 5 Transpiration
13 6 Translocation
References
207
207
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207
208
209
209
210
211
212
212
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CHAPTER 14 Nutrition and nutrient uptake in soilless culture systems 221
Satoru Tsukagoshi and Yutaka Shinohara
14 1 Introduction 221
14 2 Essential elements 221
14 3 Beneficial elements 224
14 4 Nutrient uptake and movement 225
14 5 Nutrient solution 226
14 6 Solution pH and nutrient uptake 226
14 7 Nitrogen form 227
14 8 New concept: quantitative management 228
14 9 Can individual ion concentrations be managed automatically? 228
References 229
CHAPTER 15 Tipburn
Tom Maruo and Masahumi Johkan
15 1 Introduction
15 2 Cause of tipbum
15 2 1 Inhibition of Ca2+ absorption in root
15 2 2 Inhibition of Ca2+ transfer from root to shoot
231
231
232
232
232
Contents xiii
15 2 3 Competition for Ca2+ distribution 233
15 3 Countermeasure 234
References 234
CHAPTER 16 Functional components in leafy vegetables 235
Keiko Ohashi-Kaneko
16 1 Introduction 235
16 2 Low-potassium vegetables 235
16 3 Low-nitrate vegetables 236
16 3 1 Restriction of feeding nitrate fertilizer to plants 236
16 3 2 Reduction in accumulated nitrate by assimilation of nitrate 237
16 4 Improving the quality of leafy vegetables by controlling light quality 238
16 4 1 Leafy vegetables 238
16 4 2 Herbs 238
16 5 Conclusion 241
References 241
CHAPTER 17 Medicinal components 245
Sma Zobayed
17 1 Introduction 245
17 2 Growing medicinal plants under controlled environments: medicinal
components and environmental factors 246
17 2 1 CO2 concentration and photosynthetic rates 246
17 2 2 Temperature stress 246
17 2 3 Water stress 247
17 2 4 Spectral quality and UV radiation 247
17 3 Conclusion 249
References 249
CHAPTER 18 Production of pharmaceuticals in a specially designed plant
factory 251
Eiji Goto
18 1 Introduction 251
18 2 Candidate crops for PMPs 252
18 3 Construction of GM plant factories 253
18 4 Optimization of environment conditions for plant growth 255
18 4 1 Strawberry 255
18 4 2 Tomato 256
18 4 3 Rice 256
18 5 Concluding remarks 258
References 258
xiv Con en s
PART 3 System design, construction, cultivation and management
CHAPTER 19 Plant production process, floor plan, and layout of PFAL
Toyoki Kozai
19 1 Introduction
19 2 Motion economy and PDCA cycle
19 2 1 Principles of motion economy
19 2 2 PDCA cycle
19 3 Plant production process
19 4 Layout
19 4 1 Floor plan
19 4 2 Operation room
19 4 3 Cultivation room
19 5 Sanitation control
19 5 1 Biological cleanness
19 5 2 IS022000 and HACCP for food safety
References
261
261
261
261
262
262
263
263
265
266
267
267
271
271
CHAPTER 20 Hydroponic systems 273
Jung Eek Son, Hak Jin Kim and Tae In Ahn
20 1 Introduction 273
20 2 Hydroponic systems 273
20 3 Sensors and controllers 274
20 4 Nutrient management systems 274
20 4 1 Open and closed hydroponic systems 274
20 4 2 Changes in nutrient balance under EC-based hydroponic systems 276
20 5 Ion-specific nutrient management 278
20 6 Sterilization systems 281
References 282
CHAPTER 21 Seeding, seedling production and transplanting 285
Osamu Nunomura, Toyoki Kozai, Kimiko Shinozaki and Takahiro Oshio
21 1 Introduction
21 2 Preparation
21 3 Seeding
21 4 Seedling production and transplanting
CHAPTER 22 Transplant production in closed systems
22 1 Introduction
22 2 Main components and their functions
Toyoki Kozai
285
285
288
294
299
299
299
22 2 1 Main components
300
Contents
xv
22 2 2 Light source, air conditioners, and small fans 300
22 2 3 Electricity costs 303
22 2 4 Nutrient solution supply 304
22 3 Ecophysiology of transplant production 304
Toshio Shibuya
22 3 1 Introduction 304
22 3 2 Effects of light quality on photosynthetic performance in
transplants 305
22 3 3 Effects of the physical environment on biotic stress resistance in
transplants 307
22 3 4 Effects of plant—plant interactions on gas exchange within
transplant canopy 308
22 3 5 Effects of light quality on light competition between neighboring
plants and consequent equality of plant growth 311
22 3 6 Conclusions 312
22 4 Photosynthetic characteristics of vegetable and medicinal transplants as
affected by the light environment 312
Dongxian He
22 4 1 Introduction 313
22 4 2 Influence of the light environment on vegetable transplant
production 313
22 4 3 Effects of PPFD and photoperiod on the growth of vegetable
transplants 314
22 4 4 Effects of light quality on growth of vegetable transplants 315
22 4 5 Photosynthetic characteristics of medicinal D officinale 315
22 5 Blueberry 318
Sma Zobayed
22 6 Propagation and production of strawberry transplants 323
Changhoo Chun
22 6 1 Vegetative propagation of strawberry 323
22 6 2 Licensing and certification 323
22 6 3 Plug transplants 324
22 6 4 Transplant production in a PFAL 324
22 6 5 Application of S-PFAL in Korea 328
References 329
xvi Contents
CHAPTER 23 Photoautotrophic micropropagation
Quynh Thi Nguyen, Yulan Xiao and Toyoki Komi
23 1 Introduction
23 2 Development of PAM
23 3 Advantages and disadvantages of PAM for growth enhancement o
in vitro plants
23 4 Natural ventilation system using different types of small culture vesse s
23 5 Forced ventilation system for large culture vessels ■•••
23 6 Potential for secondary metabolite production of in vitro medicinal plants
using photoautotrophic micropropagation
23 6 1 Introduction
23 6 2 Scaling up a photoautotrophic micropropagation system to an
aseptic culture room—a closed plant production system (CPPS)
23 7 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 24 Biological factor management
24 1 Introduction
24 2 Controlling algae
333
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347
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Chieri Kubota
24 2 1 Hydrogen peroxide 347
24 2 2 Ozonated water 348
24 2 3 Chlorine 348
24 2 4 Substrates 348
24 3 Microorganism management 349
Miho Takashima
24 3 1 Microbiological testing 349
24 3 2 Environmental testing—airborne microorganisms 350
24 3 3 Measurement of fallen bacteria using the plate method 350
24 3 4 Measurement of airborne microorganisms 350
24 3 5 Quality testing—testing for bacteria and fungi 352
24 3 6 Examples of reports of microbiological testing in PFALs 354
24 4 Concluding remarks 355
References 2^
CHAPTER 25 Design and management of PFALs 3S7
Toyoki Komi, Shunsuke Sakaguchi, Takuji Akiyama, Kosuke Yamada and
Kazutaka Ohshima
25 1 Introduction
25 2 Structure and function of the PFAL-D amp;M system !!'!!
Contents xvii
25 3 PFAL-D (design) subsystem 359
25 3 1 Lighting system (LS) 359
25 4 PFAL-M subsystem 361
25 4 1 Structure of software 361
25 4 2 Logical structure of equations 361
25 5 Design of the lighting system 363
25 5 1 PPFD distribution 363
25 5 2 Scheduling the lighting cycles to minimize the electricity charge 363
25 6 Electricity consumption and its reduction 366
25 6 1 Daily changes in electricity consumption 366
25 6 2 COP as affected by the temperature difference between inside
and outside 366
25 6 3 COP as affected by the actual cooling load 366
25 6 4 Monthly changes in electricity consumption 368
25 6 5 Visualization of power consumption by components on the
display screen 368
25 6 6 Rates of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and water uptake
by plants 370
25 7 Three-dimensional distribution of air temperature 370
25 8 Plant growth measurement, analysis, and control 372
25 8 1 Determination of parameter values for the plant growth curve 372
25 8 2 Determination of dates for transplanting 372
25 8 3 Determination of the number of culture panels for different growth
stages 375
25 9 Conclusions 375
References 375
CHAPTER 26 Automated technology in plant factories with artificial
lighting 377
Hiroshi Shimizu, Kazuhim Fukuda, Yoshikazu Nishida and Toichi Ogura
26 1 Introduction 377
26 2 Seeding device 378
26 3 Seedling selection robot system 379
26 4 Shuttle-type transfer robot 380
26 5 Cultivation panel washer 382
Reference 382
CHAPTER 27 Life cycle assessment 383
Yasunori Kikuchi and Yuichiro Kanematsu
27 1 Standard of life cycle assessment (LCA) 383
27 1 1 Introduction 3153
27 1 2 Goal and scope definition 384
xviii Contents
27 1 3 Life cycle inventory analysis
27 1 4 Life cycle impact assessment
27 1 5 Interpretation
27 2 General remarks for the assessment of PFALs
27 2 1 Inventory data collection/impact assessment
27 2 2 Functional unit
27 2 3 Interpretation
27 3 A case study of LCA on plant factories
27 3 1 Settings: indicators
27 3 2 Settings: life cycle boundary and functional unit
27 3 3 Settings: data for assessments
27 3 4 Settings: applied energy technology options
27 3 5 Results and discussion
27 4 Summary and outlook
References
Further reading
CHAPTER 28 Education, training, and business workshops and forums
on plant factories
Toshitaka Yamaguchi
28 1 Introduction
28 2 JPFA business workshops
28 3 Business forums
28 3 1 Basic course on PFALs
28 3 2 Advanced course on PFALs
PART 4 PFALs in operation and its perspectives_
CHAPTER 29 Selected PFALs in the United States, the Netherlands,
and China
29 1 Introduction
29 2 AeroFarms in the United States
Ed Harwood
29 2 1 Company outline and vision and mission
29 2 2 Technical characteristics of the company
29 2 3 Business features and business model
29 2 4 Main crops and product brand name
29 2 5 Outline of PFAL of AeroFarms
29 2 6 Challenges
29 2 7 Research and development
29 2 8 Future plans
385
386
386
387
388
389
389
, 389
389
390
391
392
392
393
394
„395
397
397
398
412
413
414
419
419
,419
419
,420
,420
421
421
421
423
424
Contents xix
29 3 Signify facility in the Netherlands—Grow Wise center 424
Eri Hayashi
29 3 1 Company outline, vision, and mission 424
29 3 2 Business features and business model 424
29 3 3 Technical characteristics and outline of GrowWise center 425
29 3 4 Targeted market, challenges, and future plans 426
29 4 BrightBox in the Netherlands 428
Eri Hayashi
29 4 1 Company outline, vision, and mission 428
29 4 2 History and technical background of the company 430
29 4 3 Features of the business 430
29 4 4 Outline of PFAL and technical characteristics 430
29 4 5 Challenges and future plans 430
29 5 Fujian Sanan Sino-Science photobiotech in China 432
Eri Hayashi
29 5 1 Company outline, vision, and mission 432
29 5 2 Business features and business model 432
29 5 3 Outline of PFALs of Sanan Sino-Science 433
29 5 4 Technical characteristics and research and development 435
29 5 5 Future plans 436
Acknowledgments 436
References 436
CHAPTER 30 Selected PFALs in Japan 437
Eri Hayashi
30 1 Introduction 437
30 2 New PFAL built in 2017 in Japan—808 factory 437
30 2 1 Company outline, vision, and mission 437
30 2 2 History and technical background of the company 439
30 2 3 Business features and business model 439
30 2 4 Main crops and product brand name 440
30 2 5 Outline of PFALs: first and second facilities of the 808 Factory 441
30 2 6 Technical characteristics 441
30 2 7 Future plans 445
30 3 New PFAL built in 2018 in Japan—Spread 446
30 3 1 Company outline, vision, and mission 446
30 3 2 History and technical background of the company 446
30 3 3 Business features and business model 447
30 3 4 Main crops and product brand name 447
XX
Contents
30 3 5 Outline of PFALs of Spread
30 3 6 Technical characteristics
30 3 7 Challenges
30 3 8 Future plans
30 4 New PFAL system developed in Japan—PlantX
30 4 1 Company outline, vision, and mission
30 4 2 History and technical background of the company
30 4 3 Technical characteristics
30 4 4 Future plans
30 5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
CHAPTER 31 Representative plant factories in Taiwan
Wei Fang
31 1 Introduction
31 2 Representative PFALs in Taiwan
31 2 1 Cal-Com Bio Corp of the New Kinpo Group
31 2 2 Glonacal Green Technology Corp
31 2 3 Tingmao agricultural biotechnology
31 2 4 PFAL building inside a greenhouse
31 3 The largest PF in Taiwan
447
448
449
450
451
,451
452
452
453
453
454
454
455
455
455
455
,456
457
459
460
CHAPTER 32 Challenges for the next-generation PFALs 463
Toyota Kozai and Genhua Niu
32 1 Introduction 463
32 2 Lighting system 463
32 2 1 Upward lighting 463
32 2 2 Using green LEDs 464
32 2 3 Layouts of LEDs 465
32 3 Breeding and seed propagation 465
32 3 1 Vegetables suited to PFALs 465
32 3 2 Seed propagation and breeding using PFALs 466
32 3 3 Medicinal plants 466
32 4 Cultivation 467
32 4 1 Culture system with restricted root mass 467
32 4 2 Ever-flowering berry and fruit vegetable production in PFALs 467
32 5 PFALs with solar cells 467
References ,n
Contents xxi
CHAPTER 33 Conclusions: resource-saving and resource-consuming
characteristics of PFALs 471
Toyoki Kozai and Genhua Niu
33 1 Roles of PFALs in urban areas 471
33 2 Benefits of producing fresh vegetables using PFALs in urban areas 471
33 3 Resource-saving characteristics of PFALs 472
33 4 Possible reductions in electricity consumption and initial investment 473
33 5 Electricity consumption 473
33 6 Initial resource investment 473
33 7 Increasing the productivity and quality 473
33 8 Dealing with power cuts 474
33 9 Challenges 474
References 475
Index |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Kozai, Toyoki |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | t k tk |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1181975719 (DE-588)1221993437 (DE-588)1221992147 |
| author_facet | Kozai, Toyoki |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046264635 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1136403565 (DE-599)BVBBV046264635 |
| edition | Second edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV046264635 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-10T19:04:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780128166918 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031642561 |
| oclc_num | 1136403565 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-83 |
| physical | xxvii, 487 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier Academic Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production edited by Toyoki Kozai, Genhua Niu, Michiko Takagaki Second edition London ; San Diego ; Cambridge ; Oxford Elsevier Academic Press [2020] © 2020 xxvii, 487 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Agrarproduktion (DE-588)4068471-4 gnd rswk-swf Gewächshaus (DE-588)4020816-3 gnd rswk-swf Städtische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4653294-8 gnd rswk-swf Lebensmittelversorgung (DE-588)4034917-2 gnd rswk-swf Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd rswk-swf Anbautechnik (DE-588)4273531-2 gnd rswk-swf Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd rswk-swf Hochhaus (DE-588)4025210-3 gnd rswk-swf Vertikale Landwirtschaft (DE-588)1037044266 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4045547-6 gnd rswk-swf Gemüsebau (DE-588)4020072-3 gnd rswk-swf Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 gnd rswk-swf Lebensmittelproduktion (DE-588)4114379-6 gnd rswk-swf Urbaner Gartenbau (DE-588)1065269277 gnd rswk-swf Beleuchtung (DE-588)4112704-3 gnd rswk-swf Artificial light gardening Food crops / Harvesting Sustainable agriculture Crops / Technological innovations Beleuchtung (DE-588)4112704-3 s Gemüsebau (DE-588)4020072-3 s Vertikale Landwirtschaft (DE-588)1037044266 s DE-604 Anbautechnik (DE-588)4273531-2 s Gewächshaus (DE-588)4020816-3 s Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4045547-6 s Agrarproduktion (DE-588)4068471-4 s Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 s Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 s 1\p DE-604 Lebensmittelproduktion (DE-588)4114379-6 s Lebensmittelversorgung (DE-588)4034917-2 s 2\p DE-604 3\p DE-604 Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 s 4\p DE-604 Städtische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4653294-8 s 5\p DE-604 6\p DE-604 Hochhaus (DE-588)4025210-3 s 7\p DE-604 Urbaner Gartenbau (DE-588)1065269277 s Kozai, Toyoki (DE-588)1181975719 edt Niu, Genhua Sonstige (DE-588)1221993437 oth Takagaki, Michiko Sonstige (DE-588)1221992147 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-12-816692-5 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031642561&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 4\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 5\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 6\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 7\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production Agrarproduktion (DE-588)4068471-4 gnd Gewächshaus (DE-588)4020816-3 gnd Städtische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4653294-8 gnd Lebensmittelversorgung (DE-588)4034917-2 gnd Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd Anbautechnik (DE-588)4273531-2 gnd Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd Hochhaus (DE-588)4025210-3 gnd Vertikale Landwirtschaft (DE-588)1037044266 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4045547-6 gnd Gemüsebau (DE-588)4020072-3 gnd Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 gnd Lebensmittelproduktion (DE-588)4114379-6 gnd Urbaner Gartenbau (DE-588)1065269277 gnd Beleuchtung (DE-588)4112704-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4068471-4 (DE-588)4020816-3 (DE-588)4653294-8 (DE-588)4034917-2 (DE-588)4063234-9 (DE-588)4273531-2 (DE-588)4152826-8 (DE-588)4025210-3 (DE-588)1037044266 (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4045547-6 (DE-588)4020072-3 (DE-588)4124852-1 (DE-588)4114379-6 (DE-588)1065269277 (DE-588)4112704-3 |
| title | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production |
| title_auth | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production |
| title_exact_search | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production |
| title_full | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production edited by Toyoki Kozai, Genhua Niu, Michiko Takagaki |
| title_fullStr | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production edited by Toyoki Kozai, Genhua Niu, Michiko Takagaki |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production edited by Toyoki Kozai, Genhua Niu, Michiko Takagaki |
| title_short | Plant factory |
| title_sort | plant factory an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production |
| title_sub | an indoor vertical farming system for efficient quality food production |
| topic | Agrarproduktion (DE-588)4068471-4 gnd Gewächshaus (DE-588)4020816-3 gnd Städtische Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4653294-8 gnd Lebensmittelversorgung (DE-588)4034917-2 gnd Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd Anbautechnik (DE-588)4273531-2 gnd Ernährungssicherung (DE-588)4152826-8 gnd Hochhaus (DE-588)4025210-3 gnd Vertikale Landwirtschaft (DE-588)1037044266 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4045547-6 gnd Gemüsebau (DE-588)4020072-3 gnd Ernährungswirtschaft (DE-588)4124852-1 gnd Lebensmittelproduktion (DE-588)4114379-6 gnd Urbaner Gartenbau (DE-588)1065269277 gnd Beleuchtung (DE-588)4112704-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Agrarproduktion Gewächshaus Städtische Landwirtschaft Lebensmittelversorgung Verstädterung Anbautechnik Ernährungssicherung Hochhaus Vertikale Landwirtschaft Stadt Pflanzenbau Gemüsebau Ernährungswirtschaft Lebensmittelproduktion Urbaner Gartenbau Beleuchtung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031642561&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kozaitoyoki plantfactoryanindoorverticalfarmingsystemforefficientqualityfoodproduction AT niugenhua plantfactoryanindoorverticalfarmingsystemforefficientqualityfoodproduction AT takagakimichiko plantfactoryanindoorverticalfarmingsystemforefficientqualityfoodproduction |