EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Alphen aan den Rijn
Wolters Kluwer
[2019]
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| Ausgabe: | Sixth edition |
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| Beschreibung: | xxx, 972 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9789041199669 |
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Table of Contents About the Author v Preface xxix Chapter 1 Introduction: The EU Trade Defence Laws in Perspective §1.01 The Scope of This Work [A] Anti-dumping Measures [B] Countervailing or Anti-subsidy Measures [C] Safeguard Measures [D] Measures under the ‘Trade Barrier Regulation’ Institutional Background §1.02 General §1.03 TFEU: Common Commercial Policy §1.04 TFEU: Union Institutions [A] The Commission [B] The Council of Ministers and EU Member States [1] The Advisory Procedure [2] The Examination Procedure [3] The Appeal Committee [4] The Voting Rules [C] The European Parliament [D] The Court of Justice of the European Union [1] The General Court [2] The Court of Justice [3] Direct Actions Available to the Plaintiff [a] Action for Annulment [b] Action for Failure to Act [c] Action for Damages Preliminary Ruling [4] vii 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14
Table of Contents [5] Procedure [6] Appeal Overview of Practice §1.05 Anti-dumping Proceedings §1.06 Anti-subsidy Proceedings §1.07 Safeguard Proceedings §1.08 Trade Barrier Regulation §1.09 General Comments · Part I Anti-dumping Measures 14 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 Chapter 2 Anti-dumping §2.01 General Position The Union Framework §2.02 Legislative History §2.03 The Scope of the Regulation §2.04 The European Economic Area [A] ‘Union Acquis’ [B] Anti-circumvention §2.05 Customs Union with Turkey [A] The Association Agreement [B] The Decision Implementing the Final Phase of the Customs Union 21 21 22 22 30 30 31 32 32 32 34 Chapter 3 Substantive Elements I: Dumping §3.01 Introduction Normal Value §3.02 Introduction [A] The Notion of ‘Exporting Country’ [B] Trading Companies [C] Normal Value Computed on a Monthly, Quarterly or Half-Yearly Basis [D] Calculation of the Normal Value in Cases Where Two or More Related Exporting Producers Manufacture Products Originating in the Same Investigated Country [E] Type-by-Type Analysis: The Notion of ‘Product Control Number’ (‘PCN’) §3.03 Normal Value Determination: The Applicable Methods §3.04 The General Principle: Domestic Market Prices §3.05 Grounds for Disregarding Domestic Market Prices [A] No or Insufficient Sales of the Like Product [B] No Sales in the Ordinary Course of Trade viii 37 37 41 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 51 53
Table of Contents [1] [2] [3] Sales below Cost Associated Parties and Compensatory Arrangements Other Circumstances in Which Sales Were Considered Not to Have Been Made in the Ordinary Course of Trade [C] Sales Not Permitting a Proper Comparison [D] Existence of Sjgnificant Price Distortions in the Exporting Country §3.06 First Alternative Normal Value: Normal Value Established on the Basis of Prices of Other Sellers or Producers §3.07 Second Alternative Normal Value:Constructed Normal Value §3.08 Constructed Normal Value: Rules Concerning the Determination of Costs [A] Use of the Party’s Records and Costs Not Reasonably Reflected in the Records of the Party Concerned Cost Allocations [B] [C] Start-Up Operations §3.09 The Elements of the Constructed Normal Value Cost of Production [A] [1] Cost of Materials [2] Direct Labour Costs [3] Manufacturing Overheads [B] SGA Expenses [1] Basic Rule [2] Alternative Methods for Determining SGA: General Comments [3] Alternative Methods for Determining SGA: Specific Analysis Profit Margin [C] §3.10 Third Alternative Normal Value: Export Price to a Third Country §3.11 New Methodology for Normal Value Determination in Case of Significant Prices and Costs Distortions in the Exporting Country Significant Distortions [A] Undistorted Prices and Benchmarks [B] International Social and Environmental Standards [C] Burden of Proof [D] Grandfathering Provisions [E] WTO Consistency [F] Procedure [G] Normal Value Determination for Countries Not Members of The WTO and Listed in Annex I to Regulation 2015/755 §3.12 Introduction §3.13 Normal Value
Determination for Imports from Countries Not Members of the WTO and Listed in Annex I to Regulation 2015/755 ix 55 57 59 61 63 63 65 66 66 71 72 74 74 75 77 77 78 80 80 82 86 88 89 90 90 91 91 92 93 93 95 95 95
Table of Contents [A] The Selection of the ‘Appropriate Representative Country’ [1] Empirical Selection Process [2] Factors Used to Justify Choices of Representative Countries Before the 2017 Amendment to the Regulation Methods to Determine Normal Value Adjustments [B] [C] Export Price §3.14 The Notion of Export Price The Volume of Transactions Investigated [A] Imports under Inward Processing Procedure [B] Sample Sales [C] §3.15 The Actual Export Price §3.16 Constructed Export Price Circumstances under Which the Export Price May Be [A] Constructed Construction of the Export Price [B] [1] Price of First Resale to an Independent Buyer [2] On Any Reasonable Basis [C] Determination of the Export Price in Case of Sales Through a Related Company Located Outside the Union [1] The Related Company Is an Internal Export Sales Department of the Producer [2] The Related Company Carries Out the Function of a Trader Acting on a Commission Basis [3] The Related Company Performs the Functions of a Related Importer Comparison Between Normal Value and Export Price §3.17 Introduction §3.18 General Principles Comparison at the Same Time [A] Non-exhaustive List of Permissible Adjustments [B] No Duplication [C] Burden of Proof [D] §3.19 Specific Rules for the Determination of the Permissible Adjustments Physical Characteristics [A] [1] Which Physical Differences Qualify? [2] Method of Calculating the Allowance Import Charges and Indirect Taxes [B] [C] Discounts, Rebates and Quantities [1] Discounts and Rebates [2] Differences in Quantities Level of Trade [D] x 96 97 98 101 102 103 103 104 106
107 107 108 108 110 111 115 118 118 122 123 124 124 124 125 125 126 126 129 130 130 131 132 134 134 134 135
Table of Contents [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] Transport, Insurance, Handling, Loading and Ancillary Costs Packing Credit After-Sales Costs Commissions Currency Conversions The Rate of Exchange on Date of Sale [1] The Rate of Exchange in Forward Sales [2] Exchange Rate Fluctuations [3] Other Factors Notional Quantity Discounts [1] Export Subsidy [2] Finance Costs for Value Added Tax [3] Advertising Costs [4] Seasonal Prices [5] Financing Costs for Keeping Stocks [6] Sponsor Fee [7] Competition from Other Products [8] Flooding [9] [10] R D and Design Costs International Sanctions [11] Branded v. Unbranded Products [12] Royalties [13] Dumping Margin §3.20 Introduction §3.21 The General Principle: First Symmetrical Method of Comparison §3.22 The Exception: Asymmetrical Method of Comparison §3.23 The Issue of ‘Zeroing’ §3.24 Sampling §3.25 Individual or General Dumping Margin Chapter 4 Substantive Elements II: Injury §4.01 Introduction Product Concerned and Like Product §4.02 The Determination of the ‘Product Concerned' or ‘Product under Consideration’ Factors Taken into Account in the ‘Product Concerned’ [A] Determination Essential Physical, Technical and Chemical [1] Characteristics Main Uses and Applications [2] Degree of Interchangeability [3] XI 138 139 139 141 141 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 146 146 146 147 147 147 147 147 148 148 148 148 150 151 156 159 160 163 163 164 164 167 168 171 172
Table of Contents [4] Consumer Perception and Sales Channels [5] Production Process [6] CN Codes [7] Special Cases [B] Modifications of the Scope of the Investigation §4.03 Like Product Definition [A] Introduction [B] Criteria Analysis Union Industry §4.04 The Concept of Union Industry §4.05 The Definition of the Union Industry: The Union Producers as a Whole of the Like Products (Option 1) [A] Exception 1: Union Producers Related to Exporters or Importers [B] Exception 2: Union Producers Importing the Product Concerned §4.06 The Definition of the Union Industry: The Union Producers Represent a Major Proportion of the Total Union Production of the Like Products (Option 2) §4.07 Regional Industry Injury §4.08 The Concept of ‘Injury’ §4.09 Material Injury §4.10 Volume of Dumped Imports [A] Statistics on Imports [B] Volume of Imports in Absolute Terms [C] Volume of Imports in Relative Terms [1] ‘Captive Market’ and ‘Free Market’ [2] Negligible Volume Test §4.11 Price of Dumped Imports [A] Price Undercutting [1] ‘Significant’ Price Undercutting [2] Price Undercutting Calculation §4.12 Cumulation [A] General [B] The Commission’s Practice: Cumulation of the Effects of Imports from Several Exporting Countries §4.13 Impact of the Dumped Imports on the Union Industry [A] Production and Capacity Utilization [B] Stocks [C] Sales, Market Share and Growth [D] Prices [E] Profits, Return on Investments, Cash Flow, Investments and Ability to Raise Capital xii 173 174 175 176 176 177 177 178 183 183 185 187 188 191 194 195 195 197 198 198 199 201 201 204 206 206 207 208 210 210 212 214 217
218 219 221 223
Table of Contents §4.14 §4.15 §4.16 Employment and Wages [F] Magnitude of the Dumping Margin [G] Other Factors [H] Threat of Material Injury Material Retardation of the Establishment of a Union Industry Injury in Review Investigations Injury Assessment in Expiry Review Investigations [A] Injury Assessment in Interim Review Investigations [B] 227 227 228 229 232 233 233 241 Chapter 5 Substantive Elements III: Causation Basic Principles §5.01 The Commission’s Practice Regarding the Positive Test (the §5.02 ‘Attribution Analysis’) The Commission’s Practice Regarding the Negative Test (the §5.03 ‘Non-attribution Analysis’) Measures Which Facilitate and Promote Imports [A] Imports from Third Countries [B] Imports by the Union Industry [C] Performance by the Union Industry [D] [1] Decrease in Production [2] Exports [3] Investments and Capacity [4] Management [5] Technological Development [6] Competitiveness/Inefficiency [7] Other Factors Invoked Relocation of Union Production [E] Market Conditions [F] [1] Oversupply [2] Autonomous Cyclical Development [3] Costs of Raw Material [4] Contraction in Demand/Changes in Consumption [5] Anticompetitive Behaviour [6] Substitutable Products [7] Exchange Rates Non-dumped Imports [G] Others [H] 243 243 244 248 251 252 255 256 256 256 258 260 260 261 261 262 263 263 263 263 266 267 270 271 272 272 Chapter 6 Substantive Elements IV: Union Interest Assessment of Union Interest: The Existing Rules §6.01 The Assessment of the Union Interest §6.02 General Considerations [A] Xlll 275 275 278 278
Table of Contents Interests of the Union Industry (and Its Upstream Industries) Interests of Users/Processors [C] Interests of Importers/Distributors/Traders [D] Interests of Consumers [E] Competition Within the Union [F] ‘Public Interest’ in the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement [B] §6.03 280 284 286 287 288 290 Chapter 7 Relief Introduction §7.01 Anti-dumping Duties Rules and Practice Governing the Imposition of Duties §7.02 Legal Form of the Imposition of Duties §7.03 §7.04 Amount of Duty Injury Margin [A] [1] Undercutting [2] Underselling [3] Individual Injury Margin De Minimis Dumping Margins [B] Principle of Non-discrimination [C] Imposition of the Anti-dumping Duty in the Appropriate [D] Amounts Application of Duty §7.05 Geographic Scope [A] Entry into Force [B] Retroactivity [C] Residual Duty [D] Special Measures for the Application of Individual Duty [E] Rates Combination of Anti-dumping and Other Protective [F] Measures Collection of Duty [G] Suspension of Duty [H] Inward Processing Procedure [I] Definition of Product §7.06 Indication of Origin §7.07 §7.08 Form of Duty Individual or General Duties §7.09 Undertakings Introduction §7.10 Conditions for Accepting an Undertaking §7.11 Typical Contents of Undertakings §7.12 Advantages and Drawbacks of Undertakings §7.13 Antitrust Aspects of Undertakings §7.14 xiv 293 293 294 294 295 295 297 299 300 302 303 304 305 306 306 307 307 309 310 311 312 312 313 314 314 314 317 319 319 321 330 334 335
Table of Contents §7.15 §7.16 Expiry, Withdrawal or Violation of Undertakings [A] Automatic Lapse [B] Withdrawal or Violation of Undertakings Direct Action Against a Decision to Reject an Undertaking Offer or to Withdraw an Undertaking 336 336 337 340 Chapter 8 Procedure §8.01 Introduction The Lodging of Complaints §8.02 Requirements Regarding the Complainant §8.03 Requirements Regarding the Contents of the Complaint §8.04 Requirements Regarding the Form of the Complaint §8.05 Examination Prior to the Formal Submission of the Complaint §8.06 Discrimination Between Sources Found to Be Dumped and Causing Injury §8.07 Formal Submission of the Complaint §8.08 Rejection or Withdrawal of the Complaint §8.09 Initiation in the Absence of a Complaint by the Union Industry §8.10 Consequences of an Initiation on the Basis of an Invalid Complaint or One Which Infringes Procedural Requirements Initiation of Proceedings §8.11 Publication and Information Requirements §8.12 Difference Between Proceedings and Investigations Investigations §8.13 In General §8.14 Investigation Period §8.15 Duration of the Investigation §8.16 Requests for Information §8.17 Use of Information from after the Investigation Period §8.18 Time Limits for Responding §8.19 Advantages of Cooperation [A] WTO Case Law [B] Consequences of Non-cooperation: Use of Facts Available [C] Non-cooperation in the Form of Submission of False and/or Misleading Information [D] Partial Non-cooperation [E] Requirements Regarding Deficient Responses and the Use of Facts Available §8.20 Sampling [A] Union Producers and Importers [B]
Exporting Producers [C] Non-cooperation among Sampled Companies §8.21 On-the-Spot Verifications XV 343 343 344 344 346 349 350 350 351 353 355 356 357 357 359 361 361 362 363 364 365 368 373 374 376 379 381 382 386 388 389 391 392
Table of Contents [A] Supporting Evidence Usually Requested by Commission Officials [1] For Sales (Export and/or Domestic) [a] Invoices [b] Sales Ledger [c] Company Books [d] Allowances [2] For Cost of Production [a] Company Internal Records [b] Invoices [B] Mission Reports Rights of Interested Parties §8.22 Rights of Defence §8.23 Right to Access Information §8.24 Confidential Information §8.25 Disclosure §8.26 Hearings §8.27 The Hearing Officer Imposition of Protective Measures During the Investigation §8.28 Provisional Duties §8.29 Registration of Imports Outcome of the Investigation §8.30 Termination of the Investigation Without the Adoption of Protective Measures §8.31 Definitive Anti-dumping Duties and Definitive Collection of Provisional Duties §8.32 Retroactive Imposition of Definitive Duties §8.33 Acceptance of Undertakings Information and Publication Requirements §8.34 Information Requirements [A] Union Member States [B] Agreements with Third Countries §8.35 Publication Period of Application of Definitive Measures §8.36 Expiry of Definitive Measures §8.37 Repeal or Annulment of Definitive Measures §8.38 Amendment to Definitive Measures §8.39 Suspension of Definitive Anti-dumping Measures Reviews §8.40 Introduction [A] In General [1] The Scope of Review Investigations [2] Procedure and Time Limits Applicable to Review Investigations xvi 397 398 398 398 398 398 398 398 399 399 399 399 401 404 409 415 417 421 421 425 427 427 432 433 434 434 434 434 435 438 440 440 441 442 445 447 447 448 448 449
Table of Contents [3] Methodology Applicable in Review Investigations Dumping Margin Determination Injury Determination in Expiry Reviews and Interim Reviews (Including Partial Interim Reviews Limited to Injury) [D] Recurrence of Dumping and Injury in Expiry Reviews and Interim Reviews (Including Partial Interim Reviews Limited to Dumping and/or Injury) §8.41 Expiry Reviews [A] In General [B] Lodging of a Request for an Expiry Review [C] Contents of the Request [D] Initiation and Conduct of Investigations [1] Time Limit to Initiate Expiry Review Investigations [2] Scope of Expiry Review Investigations [3] Procedural Rules and Methodology to Be Used in Expiry Review Investigations [4] Determination of Continuation or Recurrence of Dumping and Injury [5] Union Interest Requirement in Expiry Review Investigations [E] Outcome of the Expiry Review §8.42 Interim Reviews [A] In General [B] Lodging a Request for a Review [C] Contents of the Request [D] Initiation and Conduct of Investigations [E] Outcome of an Interim Review §8.43 Combined Interim and Expiry Review Investigation §8.44 New Exporter Reviews [A] In General [B] Contents of the Request ' [C] Initiation and Conduct of Investigations [D] Outcome of a New Exporter Review §8.45 Reviews Pursuant to a WTO Dispute SettlementProceeding [A] In General [B] The ‘WTO Enabling Regulation’ [C] The WTO EC: Bed Linen Case [D] The WTO EC: Tube or Pipe Fittings [E] The WTO EC: Fasteners Case [F] The WTO EU: Biodiesel Case Anti-absorption Investigations §8.46 In General §8.47 Contents of a Request for an Anti-absorption Investigation [B]
[C] ХѴИ 450 451 454 455 456 456 458 459 460 460 460 461 463 464 464 473 473 476 477 480 484 489 491 491 492 493 494 496 496 496 498 501 501 504 506 506 507
Table of Contents Reinvestigation Initiation and Procedure [A] Methodology [B] [1] Examination of Lack of Sufficient Movement in Resale Prices or a Decrease in Export Prices [2] Examination of Normal Value [3] Recalculation of the Dumping Margin Outcome of an Anti-absorption Investigation [C] Refund Investigations In General §8.49 Purpose of Refund Investigations [A] Relationship Between Refund and Review Investigations [B] Submission of a Refund Application §8.50 Contents of a Refund Application §8.51 Investigation §8.52 Evidence [A] Methodology [B] Treatment of Related Importers [C] Duration [D] Outcome of a Refund Application §8.53 Judicial Review §8.54 Introduction The Court of Justice and the General Court §8.55 §8.56 Actions Before the General Court and the Court of Justice Direct Actions Before the General Court [A] [1] Action for Annulment [2] Action for Failure to Act [3] Action for Damages [4] Application for Interpretation Preliminary Rulings [B] Appeals [C] Acts Reviewable under Article 263 TFEU §8.57 Standing under Article 263 TFEU §8.58 Introduction [A] Union Producers [B] Exporting Producers and Related Importers [C] Unrelated Importers and Traders [D] OEM Customers [E] Consumer Organizations [F] Member States and Union Institutions [G] Intervention [H] Grounds for Review under Article 263 TFEU §8.59 Standard Applied by the European Courts §8.60 The Rights of the Defence [A] §8.48 XVlll 508 508 508 509 510 510 511 512 512 512 514 514 515 517 517 517 518 520 521 522 522 522 523 . 523 523 523 524 526 526 528 529 531 531 534 536 539 543 543 543 543 546 548 548
Table of Contents §8.61 §8.62 §8.63 §8.64 §8.65 §8.66 §8.67 [B] The Obligation to State Reasons [C] The Principle of Legal Certainty [D] The Principle of Equal Treatment [E] The Principle of Proportionality Time Limits [A] Action for Annulment [B] Action for Failure to Act [C] Action for Damages Procedure [A] Direct Actions and Appeals Before the Court of Justice [B] Preliminary Rulings Interim Measures Recoverable Costs Compliance with a Judgment of the European Courts Invalidating a Regulation Imposing Anti-dumpingMeasures Repayment or Remission of Anti-dumping Duties Paid Following a Judgment of the European Courts Invalidating a Regulation Imposing Anti-dumping Measures Temporary Maintenance of the Effects of the Regulation Imposing Anti-dumping Duties After ItsAnnulmentby the European Courts 551 553 554 554 558 559 559 559 560 560 561 562 564 568 578 580 Chapter 9 Circumvention §9.01 Introduction §9.02 Article 13(1): Circumvention Defined [A] Change in the Pattern of Trade [B] Practice, Process or Work for Which There Is Insufficient due Cause or Economic Justification [C] Evidence of Injury or That the Remedial Effects of the Anti-dumping Duty Are Being Undermined [D] Evidence of Dumping §9.03 Article 13(2): Circumvention in the Form of Assembly Operations in the Union or in a Third Country [A] Article 13(2)(a): Start of or Substantial Increase in Operations [B] Article 13(2)(b): The 60% and 25% criteria [1] First Criterion: 60% or More of the Total Value of the Parts Constituting the Assembled Product [a] Origin of the Parts [b] Valuation of the Parts [2] Second
Criterion: 25% of the Value Added to the Parts Brought In [C] Article 13(2) (c): Undermining the Remedial Effects of the Duty and Evidence of Dumping §9.04 Article 13: Procedural Aspects XIX 583 583 585 587 590 594 596 598 598 599 599 599 601 602 603 603
Table of Contents [A] [B] Registration - Exemption Ad Hoc Exemption Procedure Applicable to Bicycle Parts Assembled in the Union [1] Essential Bicycle Parts That Are Imported Directly by an Assembler [2] Essential Bicycle Parts That Are Not Imported Directly by an Assembler Extension of Measures: Reviews [C] General Rule 2(A) §9.05 ‘Complete or Finished Articles’ Rules of Origin §9.06 Introduction §9.07 Origin Rules under the ‘UCC’, the UCC Delegated Act and the UCC Implementing Act [A] Article 60(2) of the UCC: The General Non-preferential Origin Rule Applicable to Goods the Production of Which Involves More Than One Country or Territory [B] Product-Specific Origin Rules Applicableto Goods the Production of Which Involves More Than One Country or Territory [C] The Anti-circumvention Provision of Article 60(2)of the UCC §9.08 Procedure [A] Administrative Procedure [B] Judicial Procedure [C] The European Anti-Fraud Office §9.09 WTO Agreement on Rules of Origin [A] Scope of Non-preferential Origin Rules [B] Requirements [1] Clear Definition of the Applicable Origin Rules [2] Rules of Origin Should Be Based on a Positive Standard [3] Issuing of Binding Origin Rulings [4] Non-retroactivity of Changes in the Origin Rules [C] Harmonization of Origin Rules 604 607 607 608 609 610 610 613 613 613 614 616 617 618 618 619 619 620 620 621 621 621 621 621 622 Part II Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 623 Chapter 10 Introduction §10.01 In General 625 625 Chapter 11 Substantive Elements 627 XX
Table of Contents §11.01 Introduction §11.02 Country of Export Countervailable Subsidy §11.03 In General §11.04 Subsidy Financial Contribution by a Government [A] Principle [1] The Concept of ‘Public Body’ [2] The Concepts of Government ‘Entrustmenť [3] and ‘Direction’ Benefit to the Recipient or Cost to the Government [4] Income or Price Support [B] Benefit [C] Principle [1] Beneficiary [2] Actual or Potential Benefit [3] §11.05 Countervailable Subsidies: The Concept of Specificity The Concept of Specificity [A] Prohibited Subsidies El] Specific Subsidies [2] The Practice of the Commission [B] §11.06 Valuation of the Amount of the Subsidy [A] General Principle The Investigation Period [B] [C] Calculation of the Benefit to the Recipient Grants [1] [a] Direct Transfers of Funds [b] Tax Benefits [c] Refund of Import Duties upon Exportation of Finished Products [d] Accelerated Depreciation [e] Forgiveness of Government-Held Debt [f] Revenue Forgone or Not Collected Loans [2] Loan Guarantees [3] Provision of Goods and Services by the [4] Government Purchases of Goods by the Government [5] Government Provision of Equity Capital [6] The Calculation of the Subsidy Amount [D] Deduction of Certain Expenses [1] Determination of the Full Benefit to the Recipient [2] Allocation to the Investigation Period [3] Allocation to Turnover [4] xxi 627 627 628 628 628 628 628 629 630 632 633 634 634 635 636 637 637 637 640 641 644 644 645 645 645 646 646 647 650 650 651 651 654 654 655 656 658 658 658 661 662
Table of Contents [E] WTO Case Law on the Determination of the Subsidy Amount Injury and Causation §11.07 Determination of Injury and Causation [A] Past Subsidization or Dumping [B] Extent of Countervailable Subsidization [C] Duty of Care in Imposing CountervailingMeasures in the Case of Threat of Injury [D] De Minimis Subsidies [E] Injury and Causation under WTO Law Union Interest §11.08 Union Interest Identified 663 665 665 665 666 666 666 667 667 667 Chapter 12 Relief §12.01 Introduction Countervailing Duties §12.02 In General [A] Duration of Provisional Countervailing Duties [B] Form of the Measures [C] Injury Margin [D] Retroactivity [E] Non-cumulation of Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures [1] Domestic Production Subsidies [2] Export Subsidies §12.03 Relationship Between Countervailing Duties and Multilateral Remedies §12.04 Remedies under the WTO Agreement Undertakings §12.05 In General §12.06 Union Practice 669 669 669 669 670 670 670 671 672 672 672 673 673 674 674 674 Պ Chapter 13 Procedure §13.01 Procedure §13.02 Complaint §13.03 Initiation of Proceedings §13.04 Investigations §13.05 Subsidy Schemes Within the Scope of the Investigation §13.06 Use of Facts Available §13.07 Provisional Measures §13.08 Reviews and Refunds [A] Interim Reviews [B] New Exporter Reviews xxii 677 677 677 678 679 680 681 681 681 682 683
Table of Contents §13.09 [C] Refunds Circumvention 683 683 III Safeguard Measures Part 685 Chapter 14 Substantive Elements §14.01 Introduction §14.02 Prerequisites for the Adoption of Safeguard Measures §14.03 Unforeseen Circumstances and the Effect of the Obligations Incurred under the GATT 1994 §14.04 Increase in Imports §14.05 Injury [A] The Injury Test [B] Like or Directly Competing Products [C] Serious Injury [D] Actual Serious Injury [1] Volume of Imports [2] Price of Imports [3] Impact upon Union Producers [E] Threat of Serious Injury [F] Causation §14.06 Union Interests [A] Concept of‘UnionInterests’ [B] Commission’s Approach 687 687 689 689 693 696 696 697 699 701 702 703 704 707 708 711 711 711 Chapter 15 Relief §15.01 Introduction §15.02 Special Rule for Developing Countries §15.03 Free Trade Agreements Quotas §15.04 Principles Underlying the Establishmentof Quotas §15.05 Level of a Quota §15.06 Allocation of a Quota Among Supplier Countries §15.07 Territorial Coverage of a Quota §15.08 Products on Their Way to the Union §15.09 Procedure for Administering a Quota §15.10 Additional Duty on Imports §15.11 Cumulation Surveillance Measures §15.12 Basis for Surveillance Measures §15.13 The Power to Adopt Surveillance Measures §15.14 Import Documents xxiii 715 715 717 717 718 718 718 719 720 720 721 722 723 725 725 727 727
Table of Contents §15.15 §15.16 Information on Products Subject toSurveillance Measures Duration of Surveillance Measures 728 729 Chapter 16 Procedure §16.01 In General a Union Information and Consultation Procedure §16.02 The Committee §16.03 Information Obligation §16.04 Consultations Union Investigation Procedure §16.05 Introduction §16.06 Initiation of a Proceeding §16.07 Investigation [A] Powers of Investigation [1] Power to Seek Information [2] Supply of No or False Information [B] Hearing of Interested Parties [C] Investigation Report [D] Confidentiality §16.08 Termination of a Proceeding Imposition of Safeguard Measures §16.09 In General §16.10 Provisional Safeguard Measures §16.11 Definitive Safeguard Measures §16.12 Duration of Definitive Safeguard Measures §16.13 Reimposition of Safeguard Measures Reviews §16.14 Administrative Review §16.15 Judicial Review §16.16 Notifications to the WTO Committee on Safeguards Part IV The Trade Barrier Regulation 731 731 731 731 732 732 733 733 733 734 734 734 734 735 735 736 737 737 737 737 738 738 739 739 739 740 740 743 Chapter 17 Introduction §17.01 In General §17.02 Scope and Purpose §17.03 Practice 745 745 745 746 Chapter 18 Substantive Elements §18.01 Introduction Obstacles to Trade 749 749 750 xxiv
Table of Contents §18.02 §18.03 §18.04 §18.05 Definition International Trade Rules Third Country Trade Practices Likely to Constitute Obstacles to Trade [A] Breaches of the GATT 1994 Prohibition of Quantitative Restrictions (Article XI) tl] National Treatment (Article III) [2] Requirements Regarding the Publication [3] and Administration of Trade Regulations (Article X) Requirements Relating to Fees and Formalities [4] Connected with Importation and Exportation (Article VIII) Freedom of Transit (Article V) [5] State Trading Enterprises (Article XVII) [6] [B] Breaches of WTO Agreements Which Further Develop the Legal Principles Embodied in the GATT 1994 [1] WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures [2] WTO Agreement on Rules of Origin and WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation [3] WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures [4] Trade Defence Instruments [C] Breaches of Other WTO Agreements Relating to Specific Sectors [1] . WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing [2] WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (‘TRIPS’) [3] The General Agreement on Trade in Services (‘GATS’) Injury §18.06 §18.07 §18.08 §18.09 Introduction Material Injury Threat of Injury Union Industry [A] Union Industry Defined [B] Special Cases: Related Producers or Providers and Regional Industry [1] Related Producers or Providers of Services [2] Regional Industry §18.10 Causation Adverse Trade Effects §18.11 Substantive Concept §18.12 Adverse Trade Effects xxv 750 750 752 752 753 753 755 757 758 758
758 759 759 759 760 761 763 763 763 764 765 765 765 767 768 768 768 768 769 769 769 769 770
Table of Contents §18.13 Threat of Adverse Trade Effects §18.14 Material Impact §18.15 Causation §18.16 Union Enterprise Union Interests §18.17 Concept of ‘Union Interests’ §18.18 Forms of ‘Union Interests’ í [A] Compliance with International Trade Rules [B] Extent of the Impact on the Concerned Union Industry [C] Importance of the Sector Affected by the Alleged Obstacles to Trade [D] State of the Affected Industry [E] Policy Consideration [F] Adverse Impact of the Measures onOther Union Industries 774 775 776 776 776 776 777 777 778 779 780 780 780 Chapter 19 Relief §19.01 §19.02 Introduction Initiation of International Consultation or Dispute Settlement Procedures §19.03 Acceptance of Unilateral Undertakings Offered by Third Countries §19.04 Conclusion of an Agreement with Third Countries §19.05 Adoption of Commercial Policy Measures 783 783 783 786 788 789 Chapter 20 Procedure §20.01 Introduction §20.02 Consultation Procedure Right of Petition §20.03 In General §20.04 Complaint by a Union Industry §20.05 Complaint by Union Enterprises §20.06 Request by a Member State §20.07 Time Limits Union Examination Procedure §20.08 Initiation of Procedure §20.09 Investigation §20.10 Rights of Interested Parties [A] Hearing [B] Confrontation Meeting [C] Inspection of the File [D] Disclosure [E] Confidentiality §20.11 Examination Report Outcome of the Proceeding xxvi 791 791 791 792 792 792 793 795 795 795 795 796 798 798 798 798 798 799 799 799
Table of Contents §20.12 §20.13 In General Decision-Making Procedure [A] Adoption of Decisions Relating to the Termination or Suspension of Proceedings under the TBR [B] Adoption of Decisions Relating to the Initiation, Conduct or Termination of Formal International Consultation or DisputeSettlement Procedures [C] Adoption of Measures of Commercial Policy §20.14 Conclusion of the Proceeding [A] The Proceeding Is Terminated [B] The Proceeding Is Suspended Because, after the Examination Procedure, the Third Country/Countries Concerned Take Measures Which Are Considered Satisfactory [C] The Proceeding Is Suspended Because It Appears That the Most Appropriate Means to Resolve the Dispute Is the Conclusion of an Agreement with the Third Country Concerned [D] Other Course of Action Judicial Review §20.15 Judicial Review 799 800 800 800 800 801 801 801 803 803 803 803 Annex 1 Regulation (EU) 2016/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 805 Annex 2 Regulation (EU) 2016/1037 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 861 Annex 3 Regulation (EU) 2015/478 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2015 921 Annex 4 Regulation (EU) 2015/755 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 945 Index 969 xxvii |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Van Bael, Ivo 1939-2013 Bellis, Jean-François 1949- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)131833642 (DE-588)170486753 |
| author_facet | Van Bael, Ivo 1939-2013 Bellis, Jean-François 1949- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Van Bael, Ivo 1939-2013 |
| author_variant | b i v bi biv j f b jfb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046217208 |
| classification_rvk | PS 3460 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1128841244 (DE-599)KXP1666386685 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | Sixth edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV046217208 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T13:13:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)5103937-0 |
| isbn | 9789041199669 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031595956 |
| oclc_num | 1128841244 |
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| owner | DE-739 DE-M382 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-M382 |
| physical | xxx, 972 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments Van Bael & Bellis European Union anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments European Union Sixth edition Alphen aan den Rijn Wolters Kluwer [2019] xxx, 972 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd rswk-swf Dumpingverbot (DE-588)4150862-2 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 s Dumpingverbot (DE-588)4150862-2 s DE-604 Van Bael, Ivo 1939-2013 (DE-588)131833642 aut Bellis, Jean-François 1949- (DE-588)170486753 aut Van Bael & Bellis (Brüssel) Sonstige (DE-588)5103937-0 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-411-9967-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-90-411-9968-3 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031595956&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Van Bael, Ivo 1939-2013 Bellis, Jean-François 1949- EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd Dumpingverbot (DE-588)4150862-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4137393-5 (DE-588)4150862-2 |
| title | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments |
| title_alt | European Union anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments European Union |
| title_auth | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments |
| title_exact_search | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments |
| title_full | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments Van Bael & Bellis |
| title_fullStr | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments Van Bael & Bellis |
| title_full_unstemmed | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments Van Bael & Bellis |
| title_short | EU anti-dumping and other trade defence instruments |
| title_sort | eu anti dumping and other trade defence instruments |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Außenhandelsrecht (DE-588)4137393-5 gnd Dumpingverbot (DE-588)4150862-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Außenhandelsrecht Dumpingverbot |
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