A satellite empire: Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944
"Using newly available sources from the archives of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, USA, and Israel, this book explores Romanian occupation of a part of southwestern Ukraine during World War II as well as the local Christian population's reactions to it"--
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Ithaca [New York] ; London
Cornell University Press
[2019]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Using newly available sources from the archives of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, USA, and Israel, this book explores Romanian occupation of a part of southwestern Ukraine during World War II as well as the local Christian population's reactions to it"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 308 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781501743184 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Solonarʹ, Vladimir Anatolevič |d 1959- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1125394528 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A satellite empire |b Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 |c Vladimir Solonari |
| 264 | 1 | |a Ithaca [New York] ; London |b Cornell University Press |c [2019] | |
| 300 | |a xiii, 308 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten | ||
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| 505 | 8 | |a Conquering and delimiting Transnistria -- Defining aims and experiencing the limits of occupation -- Configuring Transnistrian administration -- Ruling Transnistria -- Making Transnistria "Romanian" -- "Civilizing" Transnistria -- Extracting economic resources -- Accommodating and collaborating -- Resisting, phase I : disasters -- Resisting, phase II : recovery to resurgence | |
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| 653 | 2 | |a Transnistria (Ukraine : Territory under German and Romanian occupation, 1941-1944) / Politics and government | |
| 653 | 0 | |a World War, 1939-1945 / Ukraine / Transnistria (Territory under German and Romanian occupation, 1941-1944) | |
| 653 | 2 | |a World War (1939-1945) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations xi Note on Toponyms Maps ix xiii xiv Introduction Parti: Creating 1 and Running Transnistria 1. Conquering and Delimiting Transnistria 13 2. Defining Aims and Experiencing the Limits of Occupation 31 3. Configuring Transnistrian Administration 55 4. Ruling Transnistria 72 Part 2: Transforming Transnistria and Exploiting 5. Making Transnistria "Romanian” 97 6. “Civilizing” Transnistria 124 7. Extracting Economic Resources 146 Part 3: Responding Occupation to Romanian 8. Accommodating and Collaborating 163 9. Resisting, Phase I: Disasters 192 10. Resisting, Phase H: Recovery to Resurgence 213
CONTENTS Conclusion Notes 239 Archival Sources 291
! Index Abramov, N. F., 195-196 Abuse of power, 89, 90, 92, 134, 135, 159, 160, 167, 185, 186, 232, 235, 257n83 "Abyssinia of Europe", 31, 244n2 Academy of Fine Arts, Odessa, 179 Accommodation, 4, 6, 9, 159, 163, 187, 190 Activists: Moldovan, 116, 118,141; Ukrainian, 217, 236 Adamov, Evgenii, 175, 180 Administration; military, of the territory between the Dniester and Buh Rivers, 44, 45, 153, 227, 257n87; of Romania in general, 31,32; Romanian in Transnistria, 2, 3, 6, 20-22, 26, 33, 35-36, 41-45, 50-62, 65-67, 70-83, 87, 93, 94, 104, 106, 113, 117, 121, 127, 130-133, 149, 155, 158, 164, 167, 170, 178, 183, 190, 224, 227, 232, 234, 249Ո95, 253n64, 280n97, 284n37; Romanian railways, 37, 38, 245ПІ4 Administrators, 1, 4, 8, 32, 34, 36, 44, 66, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 86, 90, 93, 103, 104, 110, 112, 113, 125, 127, 134, 138, 142, 147, 153, 157, 163, 164, 165, 168-172, 219, 232-235, 276ПІ8, 189Ո44; salaries of, 72, 78, 79, 81, 127, 157, 171, 254n28, 272Ш2, 272Ш9 Africa, 4, 130 Agriculture, 65, 72, 168, 277n39 Air force: Soviet, 16; German, 17 Alcohol, 17, 148, 150 Alexianu, Gheorghe, 29, 32, 33, 37, 39, 40, 42, 49-52, 59-61, 64-71, 73-82, 84, 88, 91, 103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 118-122, 125, 132, 136, 141, 147, 149-151, 143, 156, 168, 173, 174, 193, 227, 232, 245ПІ4, 246Ո44, 147n52, 147n63, 147Ո72, 248Ո84, 250Ո20, 255Ո42, 257n89, 262Ո47, 262Ո50, 262Ո53, 263n59, 272Ш0, 273n42, 290n60; anti-Legionary stance of, 75; anti-Semitism of, 74; appointed governor on the proposal of Mihai Antonescu, 59; conflict with the Scientific Institute of Transnistria, 119-122; dismissed, 44;
Pântea-Alexianu "pro-capitalist” policies, 155-157; professor of law, 59; special relations with Ion Antonescu, 65-70 Alidin, Viktor Ivanovich, 90-91, 178, 278Ո57, 279n77, 284n34, 284Ո37 Aliens, 22, 29, 46, 98, 171, 175, 265nl Alliances of Romania and Germany, 14, 18, 20, 27; of the Soviet Union with Great Britain and America, 176, 177, 178n64 Allies: of Romania, 31, 40, 44, 54, 55, 275n73; of Germany, including Romania, 21,24, 44, 55, 152, 159, 160 Alsace, 56, 58, 70 Ambrus, Romulus, 215 Ananiev: judeţ, 104; town of, 83 Ananiev Gendarmerie Legion, 136, 150, 167, 169, 256Ո70, 264Ո92 Annexation, 98; plans of, 116, 123, 231; Romanian of Transnistria, considered but postponed, 22, 24-30; Soviet, of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, 14, 116 Anti-Semitic: legislation, 74; policy, 191; propaganda, 131, 144, 175, 180, 181, 191, 235; violence, 46; worldview, 278n59, 280Ո92 Antonescu, Ion: agreement with Hitler on the Transnistrian borders, 35; appointment as dictator and ousting King Carol II, 14; and the battle of Odessa, 16-20; Consiliu de Patronaj al Operei Sociale as personal fief, 68; coup d'état against, 251ո35; decided against settling eastern Romania west of the Dniester River, 99, 100, 107, 112; decision to align Romania with Nazi Germany, 14-15; decision to occupy Transnistria, 16; determined to keep Transnistria under Romanian
294 INDEX Antonescu (continued) control, 40-44, 48; forcing Transnistrians to work, 150-151; integral nationalism of, 25, 58, 62, 109, 122, 250ШЗ; as marshal of Romania, 14; meeting with Hider in Berdychiv, 16; mistrust of Romania bureaucracy, 70; order to kill all ''partisans", 91; plans on making "model provinces", 61-71; on the role of German councilors, 57; vetoed inter-ministerial commission’s plan on population resettlement, 106; vetoed population transfers, 106; view on teachers, physicians, and priests as being in the service of the Nation, 130; view on the legal nature and aims of the occupation of Transnistria, 20-34, 38 Antonescu, Maria, 68, 102, 252n57 Antonescu, Mihai: against further population transfers eastern Romanians to Bessarabia without prior approval, 107, 109; banned separate agreements between Transnistrian administration and the Germans, 41; on the civilizing mission of Romanian Orthodox Church, 131 ; on the full control of Romania over Transnistria, 47, 48; on the legal nature of the annexation of and Romanian aims in Transnistria, 26-29, 88; on local administration reform, 57, 58; meeting with Göring in Berlin, 34; meeting with Ribbentrop in Zhytomyr, 38; ordered destruction of the documents on deliveries from Transnistria, 153; professor of law, 158; on the role of food deliveries from Transnistria, 149; on the Romanian right to ship anything of value from Transnistria, 41, 42, 146, 158-160; on Romania’s civilizing mission in Transnistria, 125; set up interministerial commission on population transfers, 111; supported Minister Neagu against
Alexianu, 64; supported Nichita Smochină, 118-119; against Ukrainian irredentism, 141; on the war against Slavs, 28, 31 Anuşcu, C., 215 Army: 'Army Group General Antonescu", 14; Eleventh (German), 15, 16, 36, 48, 245n24, 248n95, 28ІП98; Fourth Army Territorial Corps, 76; Fourth Romanian Army, 15, 16, 86, 114, 166; German, 23, 24, 26, 35, 39, 48, 50, 152, 156, 160, 164, 264n90; German Army mission in Romania, 35; of the Moldovan Republic, 121; of occupation (Romanian), 33, 35, 158; Red, 15, 53, 63, 82, 87, 112, 113, 121, 140, 154, 169, 180, 183, 184, 188, 192, 193, 196, 197, 201, 204, 205, 207, 208, 213, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 234, 287nll, 287Ո25; Romanian, 15, 19, 35, 36, 38, 64, 73, 76, 78, 82, 86, 93, 99, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 125, 127, 142, 151, 157, 171, 187, 231, 232, 234, 260Ո21, 262n52; Russian Liberation Army, 121; Second Army Corps, 53, 126, 249n99, 275n74; Third Army Corps, 53, 82, 126; Third Romanian Army, 15, 16, 20,40, 53, 142, 165, 224, 27Ш8, 274Ո54, 275Ո78, 287n32, 287n33, 289Ո48; Tsarist, officers of, 121, 142, 221; White, 174 Artillery, 16, 17, 75, 223 Astmann (also Hastmann or Hausmann) (German commodore), 38, 245n22 Axis powers, 40, 41, 52, 90,121,125, 130, 172, 173, 174, 176, 183, 231, 236, 237 Azov Sea, 102, 107 Bacău, city of, 36 Badaev, Vladimir Aleksandrovich (aka Molodstov), 197, 198, 200, 286n52 Baden, city of, 56 Balas, Olga and Xenia, 174, 278n54 Baliasnyi (Beliasnyi), Andrei Dmitrievich, 175, 176, 178, 180, 278Ո62 Balkans, 21, 28, 40, 74 Ballet, 126, 180, 218 Balta: judeţ, 40, 85, 217, 221, 227; raion, 205; town of, 35,
36, 40, 205, 206, 225 Balta Gendarmerie Inspectorate, 84, 269Ո49, 290nl Balta Gendarmerie Legion, 78, 168, 217, 287Ո27, 288Ո40, 289n48 Banderists, 219, 220, 287n24. See aho Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Bandurovo, village of, 224, 225, 289Ո44 Baum, Herwig, 3, 39, 40, 70 Belarus, 164, 165, 186, 193, 241ШЗ Bender/Bendery. See Tighina Berezovca: judeţ, 46, 47, 48, 49, 79, 87, 91, 118, 142, 143, 150, 181, 202, 247n72; raikom, underground, 201 Berezovca Gendarmerie Legion, 84, 137, 143, 189, 202, 268Ո40, 282Ш20, 284n40 Berezovka, town of, 143 Berlin, City of, 21, 32, 37, 43, 54, 55, 70, 154, 174, 176
INDEX Bessarabia, province of, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22, 26, 27, 33, 34, 50, 51, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 70, 75, 76, 92, 99, 100, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 127, 134, 141, 147, 153, 174, 227, 231, 245ПІ4, 249Ո6, 250ПІ1, 25ІП27, 254n29, 263n52, 288ПІ22, 278Ո54 Binder, Hermann, 126, 269Ո51 Bishops of Romanian Orthodox Church, 131, 132, 134 Black market, 77, 82, 148, 156, 157, 234 Black Sea, 2, 34, 36, 44, 45, 246Ո50 Blagodar', Evgenii Artëmovich, 220, 221, 287Ո27 Bochkov, Viktor Mikhailovich, 186, 276n3 Bogdanovca concentration camp, 80, 83, 185,258 Boiko, Petr (aka Anton Bronislavovich Fedorovich), 197, 198, 199, 200, 283nl7 Bolshevik: government scorched-earth policy, 14, 27, 38, 45, 116, 125, 176, 188, 190; Party 214; Revolution, 134, 136, 143, 199; Russia, 174 Bolsheviks, 38, 132, 135, 269n51 Bolshevism, 16, 43, 132 Booty, 37, 39, 83 Border Guards Corps, 86, 218, 256n73 Botez, Mihai, 82 Bragorenko, Tat'iana Sergeevna, 205, 206, 285Ո45 Bribes, 82, 83, 89, 90, 206, 257Ո94 Brodskii, Iakov Borisovich, 89, 90, 257n91 Broşteanu, Emil, 84, 141, 189, 232 Bucharest, city of, 6, 18,19, 32, 40, 41, 43, 48, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 70, 72, 75, 76, 77, 80, 82, 90, 93, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 115, 116, 117, 119, 125, 127, 132, 156, 174, 188, 205, 214, 227, 232, 242Ш5, 270Ո79, 272Ո20, 272Ո74 Buh River (Southern), 1, 16, 22, 34, 35, 36, 40, 42, 44, 50, 59, 72, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 131, 152, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 245Ш4, 257Ո87, 26Ш41, 277Ո49, 290nl Bukovina, province of, 14, 15, 18, 22, 26,
27, 33, 50, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 70, 74, 76, 81, 92, 99, 100, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 120, 122, 123, 141, 144, 147, 231, 245ПІ4, 147Ո79, 249n3, 250n9, 250nll, 25ІП27, 265Ш22, 270Ո85 Bulat, Ştefan, 118-121 Bulgaria, 175, 259nl0, 266nl 295 Burevestnik partisan detachment, 202, 220, 222, 223, 279Ո64 Calotescu, Corneliu, 63, 251n37 Cantemir, Dmitrie, Prince, 126, 266nl3 Cardaş, Agricola, 124, 262ո50, 266ո2 Carol II, King, 14, 55, 59, 75, 86, 103 Case, Holly 25, 243Ո42 Cassian, Gheorghe, 151 Catacombs, 19. See also Resistance, guerrillas in catacombs Catholic: cult, 136; priests, 135; proselytizing pressure, 266ШЗ Caucasus, 20, 41, 103, 107 CBBT. See Civil-Military Cabinet for Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transnistria Central Statistics Institute (CSI), 99, 101, 111, 263Ո74 Cercavschi, Emanoil, 72, 81 Cernăuţi, city of, 14, 59, 250n9 Chasovnikov, Pavel Georgievich, 140, 178, 270Ո79 Chekists, 195, 197, 198 Cherkasov, Alexander, 3, 239n7 Cherniatinsky Nikolai Nikolaevich, 181, 280Ո88 Chişinău, city of, 6, 14, 75, 76, 84, 115, 127, 132,260Ո23 Christians, local. See Population of Transnistria, Christian Church: Neoprotestant, 136; Romanian Orthodox, 130, 131, 132, 135, 144, 268n26, 268n33, 268n44; Russian Orthodox, 131, 132, 134, 136, 268Ո38; Ukrainian autocephalous, 133 Churches (parishes), 133, 137, 138 Ciupercă, Nicolae, 15-17 Civilization, 4, 28, 66, 125; enemy of, 16, 28, 125; European, also West European, 16, 115, 125, 126, 130, 191, 233; Italian, 124 Civilizing mission or "action” of Romania. See Mission, civilizing Civil-Military Cabinet for Bessarabia,
Bukovina, and Transnistria (CBBT), 60, 61, 62, 67, 138, 250Ո23, 25Ш29, 252Ո53, 253n7, 255Ո54, 264Ո77, 269Ո70, 27ІП5 Civil servants in Transnistria, 32, 73, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86, 87, 88, 94, 119, 138, 140, 211, 253Ո7, 254Ո28, 272Ш2 Clergy, Romanian, Christian Orthodox, 134, 138, 144 Clodius, Carl, 42
296 INDEX Collaboration, 107, 127; forms of, 163-165; historiography of, 4-6; ideology-driven, 172-186; military-police, 181-186; and the murder of Jews, 181-191; notion of, 3; with the occupiers during World War II, 111; patterns of, 8-9; in Transnistria, economic, 165-172; treasonous, Soviet definition of, 180-181,190 Collaborators, 83, 164, 165, 172, 180, 181, 187, 226, 230, 236, 240ПІ2, 24Ш14, 276Ш8, 276Ո20 Collective farms. See Kolkhozes Colonization: of eastern provinces including Transnistria, 124; of Transnistria by the Germans, rumors of, 47. See aho State Under Secretariat for Romanianization, Colonization, and Inventory Commerce, 72, 148, 155, 255n53, 272nl4 Commercial Academy in Bucharest, 80 Commissions; ad hoc, German-proposed, 51; for administrative reform, 57; of the army on trophies, 151; on evacuation of factories, 153, 246n47; headed by Gusti, to study eastern Romanians, 103; interministerial, on population transfer, 111 ; for inventory in Transnistria, 101; for the Investigation of the Activities of the Administration of Transnistria, 149, 158, 273n38; of Ministry of Finance, on RKSS, 147; Odessa obkom’s, on underground party obkom, 209; on passage, 111; of repatriation, 107-108; on Transnistrian finances, 64; of triage, 108. See aho Extraordinary State Commission for the Determination and Investigation of Nazi and Their Collaborators’ Atrocities in the USSR Committee: Central, of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 209; Central, of the Communist Party of Ukraine, 90, 170, 200, 211; city of Pervomaisk, communist party, 221; of experts, 59; of Odessa
oblast, communist party, including underground, 194, 200, 201, 204, 205, 284n33, 284n36, 289Ո43; Scientific, of MASSR, 174;of Transnistrian Romanians, 119; of Vmnytsia oblast, communist party 188. See aha Obkom, of Odessa oblast; Raikom Communication lines, 20, 39, 223 Communism, 2,14, 121,126, 130, 137, 143, 172, 175, 178, 181, 218, 235, 254Ո28 Communist Party: expulsion from, 170; of the Soviet Union, 169,188,189,193,204, 206, 209, 214, 217; of Ukraine, 90,170,200, 211 Communists, Romanian: heroic ethos, fragility of, 170; registration of, 169-170, 201, 204; threat posed by, 77; in Transnistria, real and suspect, 137, 143, 169-170, 200, 201, 202, 204, 220, 221, 284Ո37 Concentration camps, 15, 50, 52, 53, 67, 80, 82, 83, 91, 92, 99, 118, 121, 123, 125, 132, 151, 169, 175, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 215, 223, 249ПІ01,256Ո73, 270n79, 279n76, 28Ш98, 286n52, 286Ո53 Consiliu de Patronaj al Operei Sociale (CPOS), 68, 69, 102 Condominium, 38, 41, 245ո20 Conquest: of Dacia by Romans, 25; of Transnistria, 13-20, 28, 55, 260n21 Consciousness, national, 102,104,106, 108, 113, 122, 233 Contraband, 82, 148 Convention of Tighina, 35-39, 41, 50, 51, 244nl1 Corruption, 80-84, 94, 132, 134, 135, 232 Council of Ministers, Romania, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32-34, 38, 41, 42, 47, 52, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 65, 67, 88, 99, 107, 112, 125, 131, 146, 153, 158, 159, 246n44, 248n97, 248n4, 248n5, 245ПІЗ, 245Ш6, 245n20, 25ШЗЗ, 25ІП37, 262Ո47, 267n26, 269n56, 27ІП7, 281n98, 290Ո60 Council of Patronage. See Consiliu de Patronaj al Operei Sociale Coup d’état: against Ion Antonescu’s dictatorship, 25ІП35; of
Ion Antonescu, 14, 116; in Transnistria, suspected, 121 Courts: military, in Transnistria, 82, 87-93, 170, 197, 204, 255Ո61, 258ПІ03, 285n40; Soviet, 88, 284n38; Supreme, USSR, 209 Crimea, 16, 17, 20, 41, 69, 102, 104,107, 111, 152, 262Ո52 Crimes: Nazi, 180; Stalinist, 180; war, 3, 7, 159,167, 275Ո75. See ako Jews, persecution of Criminals, 2, 7, 8, 92, 94,159,160,180, 182, 184, 186, 240ПІ0, 240Ш2, 241ШЗ, 276Ш9, 28ІПІ10; local policemen as, 181-186 CSI. See Central Statistics Institute Cult: of Great Patriotic War, 208; religious, 130, 136, 208, 243n35, 260n20, 267n30; of Shevchenko, 142 Culture, 8-9, 72, 94, 97, 106, 114, 116, 118, 129, 138, 173, 178, 180, 191, 197, 232, 265ПІ04, 267n30, 269n67; high, of Odessa,
INDEX 126,14,143, 144, 176, 177; local, 173; Romanian, 28, 72, 81, 98, 108, 114; Soviet political, 208; Ukrainian, 141, 143, 144, 236; Western European, 125-127, 176, 177, 233 Cyrillic, 102, 139 Dacia, 25, 115 Dallin, Alexander, 2, 239nn2-3 Danube, 14, 174 David-Fox, Michael, 4, 24ІПІЗ Decree-laws, 63, #14, 63; of April 10,1943, 68 Dekulakization, 29, 167, 178, 199 Deliveries: from Germany to Romania, 42, 146; of Romanian goods to Germany, 23, 42, 147; from Transnistria to Romania as well as to the German and Romanian troops, 37, 44, 48, 63, 64, 67, 149, 150, 153, 156, 234 Demography: in general and of Transnistria, 9, 99, 124; Soviet, lecture on, 178 Department of NKVD, 195, 198 Deportation: German, for forced labor in Germany, 228; Romanian, of Jews, 36, 50, 59, 63, 81, 99, 110, 129, 155, 175, 181, 147-148Ո79, 250Ш7; Soviet, 45 Direcţia (department), of guvernământ, 72; of administration and communication, 72, 79; of agricultural engineering, 72; of agriculture and economy, 72, 277n39; of commerce, 72, 255n53, 272nl4; of construction, 72; of education, culture and propaganda, 72,106,114, 118, 125, 129, 138, 173, 175, 178, 265Ш04, 279Ո67; of finance, 72, 171; of human resources, 79; of industry, 72,170, 171; of labor, 108; of public health, 72, 244n6; of transportation, 72 Direcţia jandarmeriei, in the Ministry of the Interior, 84 Direcţia poliţiei, in the Ministry of the Interior, 84 Dnieper River, 21, 22, 35, 77,101 Dniester River, 1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21-24, 26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42, 44, 48, 50, 58, 59, 63, 72, 82, 100, 101, 103, 109, 112, 114, 131, 153, 165,
173, 227, 231, 243n30, 248Ո95, 257Ո87, 261n43, 277n49, 28ІП97 Dobre, Gheorghe, 152, 242n22 Dobrogea. See Dobrudzha Dobrudzha, 14, 98, 105, 259nl0, 265nl Don/Donbass, region of, 20, 172, 185, 214, 24ІПІ4, 277Ո44 Dragaima, Alexandru, 251ո36 297 Drozdov, Stepan Il'ich, 170, 277n33 Dubăsari: judeţ, 80; town of, 114, 133 Dubăsari Gendarmerie Legion, 137, 148, 249ПІ00 Eastern Front, 4, 5, 17, 18, 20, 27, 38, 41, 42, 43, 58, 69, 78, 91, 99, 106, 107, 112, 159, 171, 172, 173, 180, 188, 219, 223 Economate, 65, 148, 272n20 Einsatzkommando R, 136, 184 Ellgering, Theo (Theodor), 55-57, 59, 70, 25ІП27 Embezzlement, 82, 83, 117, 134, 167, 186, 210,252Ո57 Emigration, 23, 136 Emigrés, Romanian, 13, 74, 79, 116, 127, 136, 154, 155, 174, 176 Employees, in Romania and Transnistria, 29, 76, 77, 79, 83, 87, 89, 93, 101, 111, 138, 155, 164, 169, 171, 172, 195, 255n36, 272nl9 England. See Great Britain "Escape from under the escort", 91, 183 Europe, 16, 27, 28, 31, 32, 39, 126, 129, 244n2, 259n9; Eastern, also Central European and southeastern, 2, 3, 4, 20, 32, 98, 232, 264n85; New, 63, 176, 178; occupied, 2, 164; Western, 7, 164, 176, 177, 280n85 Evacuation: euphemism of deportation of Jews, 50; into the Soviet rear, 169; of Transnistrian goods and assets into Romania, 44, 151, 153, 189, 273n38 Exeier, Franziska, 186, 276nl8, 28ІПІ12 Expansion, territorial, of Romania, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 231 Exploitation, economic, of Transnistria, 3, 22, 32, 33, 35, 36, 70, 144, 145, 156, 157, 160, 164, 172, 187, 232, 233, 25Ш40 Extraordinary State Commission for the Determination and Investigation of Nazi
and Their Collaborators’ Atrocities in the USSR (ChGK), 82, 83, 89, 126, 257n91, 257Ո94, 266Ш1, 269Ո45, 270n75, 287Ш7, 288Ո40 Eyewitnesses, 89, 90, 220, 28ІПІ08, 288Ո40 Faas, Ivan Iakovlevich, 177, 178, 179, 279n68, 279Ո70 Făcăoaru, Iordache, 105, 106, 26Ш43 Factories, 170, 174, 190, 199; evacuated, 152, 152; in Transnistria, repaired and restored, 41,65, 153, 155, 164, 166, 171 Faculty, university, 140, 178, 179, 233, 262n46
298 INDEX Farmers, 40, 45, 99, 115, 149, 150, 155, 156, 163, 165, 167, 217, 223, 226, 233. See abo Dekulakization Ferme de stat. See Sovkhozes Fevr, Nikolai Mikhailovich, 154, 174, 273ՈՈ43-44, 278ՈՈ55-56 Files, investigative, 7, 8, 91, 106, 156, 167, 168, 179, 182, 183, 185, 209, 210, 214, 215, 216, 255Ո36, 257Ո94, 258ПІ02, 262Ո48, 263ПІ02, 276ПІ7, 278n59, 280n78, 284ՈՈ37-38, 285Ո45 Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 230, 252n59, 290n67 Folklore, 104, 114, 119 Fomenko, Georgii Nikolaevich, 180, 280n90 Foreigners, ethnic. See Aliens Forth Ukrainian Front, 222 Fotino, Dionisie, 92-93 France, 14, 56 Frank, Georg, 185, 281Ш06 French, 32, 56, 59, 84, 98 Führerprinzip, 60, 70 Galicia, eastern, 51, 220, 221 Gendarmerie legions, 84, 85, 86, 87, 187, 232; posts, 84-85, 92, 167, 215, 223, 225, 258Ш03. See also specific towns Gendarmes, 48, 49, 53, 77, 78, 84, 85, 91, 92, 93, 110, 143, 206, 215, 219, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 258ՈՈ102-103, 28Ш98, 289n44; agrarian, 151, 281; beatings and torture by, 40, 90, 92, 151, 215, 216; murder by, 91, 92, 106, 175, 206, 215, 221, 285Ո45 Generalbezierk: Djepropetrowsk, Krim, Nikolajew, 101-102 Generalgouvernement, 51, 52 General Inspectorate of Gendarmerie, 256n67, 270n87. See abo Moods of the population; Specific towns General Stalk German, 38; of individual Romanian military big units, 86, 288ՈՈ32-33; of the Romanian army, 18, 19, 50, 53, 78, 110, 143, 152, 159, 217, 248Ո97, 262Ո46, 267Ո21, 273n32, 28ІП98 General Subinspectorate of Gendarmerie for Transnistria, 84, 137, 274n64 General Subinspectorate of Gendarmerie Chişinău-Odessa. See General Subinspectorate
of Gendarmerie for Transnistria Gerasimenko, Ivan, 214, 286n4 German Army Liaison Office in Transnistria, 156, 245ПІ4 Germans, 4, 14, 17, 21, 23, 24, 27, 31, 34-42, 44, 51-57, 60, 63, 98, 101, 104, 109, 112, 115, 118, 141, 144, 147, 152, 159, 160, 172, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 183, 187, 191, 199, 208, 217-229, 232, 233, 236, 244Ш, 234ПІ4, 246n36, 246n50, 262n52, 274n54, 28Ш98, 284Ո37, 288Ո40, 289n44; ethnic, 44-50, 51, 54, 99, 101, 135, 156, 183-184, 189 Germany, 2, 3, 14-16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 34, 40-44, 47, 48, 51, 54, 60, 81, 99, 109, 111, 126, 146-148, 156, 159, 178-181, 218, 225, 228, 231, 233, 234, 243n45, 252n64, 263Ո70, 27ІП4, 279n69, 279n72, 280n80 Ghettoes, Jewish, 59, 85, 90, 92, 135, 151, 175, 181, 182, 185 Gigurtu, Ion, 14, 55 Gilley Christopher, 230, 290n67 Glasul Nistrului, 173-174 Glushchenko (member of Kuznetsov guerilla group), 196-197 Goebbels, Paul Joseph, 173,249n2 Goga, Veturia, 68, 252ո57 Golopenţia, Anton, 101, 102,103,104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 122, 244ո6, 260ոո24-31, 26ІПП32-41, 262ո50, 262Ո52, 263ո61, 263Ո70, 263Ո74, 264ՈՈ75-77, 264Ո83 Golta: judeţ, 37, 78, 80, 81, 83, 92, 181, 184, 255ո36, 282Ո121; raion, 222, 287ո27; town of, 92, 98, 111, 173 Golta Gendarmerie Legion, 53, 135, 215, 219, 256ո81, 28ІП81, 282Ш21 Gornyi, Artëm Grigor'ievich, 209-120, 286Ո58 Government: German, 47, 48; Italian, 124; philosophy of, 98; Romanian national, 1, 13, 14, 23, 24, 28, 29, 32, 38, 41, 42, 48, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 64, 72, 76, 77, 79, 106, 107, 109, 110, 117, 116, 118, 121, 122, 124, 125, 131, 141, 145, 148, 151, 153, 232, 243n49, 265nl (see abo
Council of Ministers, Romania); Russian Imperial, 44; Soviet, 27, 170, 202; Western, 180 Governors, 41, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 88, 111, 153; of Bessarabia (see Stavrat, Olimpiu; Voiculescu, Constantin); of Bukovina (see Calotescu, Corneliu; Dragalina, Alexandru; Rioşanu, Alexandru); of Transnistria (see Alexianu, Gheorghe) Great Britam, 18, 23, 24, 177
INDEX Grosulovo raion. See Raions Guerillas, 193, 197, 200 GULAG, 214, 278ո59, 280ո84,284ո38, 287ո26 Gusti, Dimitrie, 103, 104, 26ІППЗЗ-37, 262Ո46 Guvernământ, of Transnistria, 43, 44, 60, 64, 69, 72-81, 87, 88, 101, 108, 111, 112, 114, 115, 118-120, 129, 137, 138, 150, 157, 158, 170, 171, 173, 175, 178, 244n6, 245ПІ5, 251n35, 253n2, 253n7, 254ՈՈ21-25, 256Ո71, 256Ո74, 257n87, 264Ո87, 267Ո23, 268Ո35, 272Ш4, 272Ո22, 273Ո38, 277Ո39, 279n67, 282n3; guvernãmânte, 61, 62, 63, 92 299 Iampol judeţ, 92 Identity: Christian, 145; Jewish, 184, 205; partisan, ambiguity of, 214, 217-222, 229, 230, 290n67; Romanian national, 114, 122, 243n43, 265nl; Soviet, 137, 172, 207, 214, 236; Ukrainian national, 219, 230; verification of, 51 Ideology: anti-Semitic, 186; communist, 115, 127, 136, 137, 171; ethnonationalist, in general, 264Ո85; nationalist Ukrainian, 219; national Romanian, 25, 97, 124, 144, 243Ո43, 265nl; National Socialist, 45 Iliescu, Mihai, 49, 84, 85, 143, 227, 232, 249ПІ03, 252Ո46, 289n44 Harvest, 48, 50, 52, 146, 149, 150, 165, 189 Hastmann. See Astmann Hausmann. See Astmann Heroes, Soviet, 6,198, 208, 209, 210, 212, 214,216, 220, 285Ո51 Herseni, Traían, 103, 105, 106, 129, 130, 142, 143, 178, 26ІП42, 262nn46-48, 266Ш0, 267Ո25 Himmler, Heinrich, 44, 48, 70 Historiography: Western, 2-3; German, 3-4; Soviet, 3; Romanian nationalist, 243Ո44, 28ІПІ10 Hitler, Adolf, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 34, 35, 38, 43, 54, 70, 99, 116, 173, 180, 231, 241ՈՈ4-7, 242n26, 242nn30-32, 243Ո36, 244Ո52, 245n23, 246n41, 252Ո57, 258ПІ06, 259Ո2, 261n43, 262Ո45, 27Ш4, 277n45, 280Ո93, “Hymn to
Hitler”, 180 Hoffmayer, Horst, 45-48 Hoffmayer-Alexianu understanding, 49 Holocaust, 4, 5, 168, 182, 240-24ІШ1І1-13, 246Ո50, 248Ո79, 253ШЗ, 267n26, 267-268ՈՈ32, 268Ո44, 274Ո57, 276Ш7, 280Ո93, 28ІПІ10 Homogenization: ethnic, 99; rehgious, 130 Hudiţa, loan, 17, 18, 23, 28, 242Ш5, 242Ш1І7—18, 242Ո20, 242ՈՈ22-23, 242n34, 243Ո35, 243nn37—41, 244ՈՈ55-57, 25Ш36, 260Ո20, 265ПІ22, 276n80 Hull, Isabel V, 159, 275n75 Hungarians, 14, 23, 27, 40, 88, 273n38 Hungary, 14, 23, 24, 25, 31, 43, 55, 79, 243Ո45, 275Ո73 Iablonovskii, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, 178, 279Ո69 Iacobici, Iosif, 17, 19, 114, 242n22, 248n96 Iampol Gendarmerie Legion, 92, 136, 148, 287ПІ9 Imagination: nationalist, 4, 25; orientalist, 117 Infantry: German, 17, 228, 290n62; Romanian, 17, 35, 275n78 Inspector General of the Gendarmerie. See Vasiliu, Constantin (Pikky); Odessa Gendarmerie Inspectorate Institute of Anti-Communist Research and Propaganda, (later Institute of Social Studies), 177, 178, 180, 279n71 Institutes, their leaders' attempted coup, 121 Intellectuals: anticommunist, 177; antiSemitism of, 174-175, 180-181; repressed, 179; Romanian, 28, 131, 144, 233; Transnistrian Moldovan, 119; Transnistrian Russian-language and in general, 127, 172, 173, 174, 177, 180, 235, 280n78, 290Ո290; Ukrainian, 142 Intelligence Center Odessa. See Serviciul Special de Informaţii Intelligence (Romanian), 16, 50, 66, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 110, 142, 143, 187, 209. See also Section II of Romanian General Staff; Serviciul Special de Informaţii; Siguranţa Intelligence (Soviet), 198, 214, 221, 222 Intelligentsia: of Odessa and in
general, 83, 127, 141, 144, 176, 177, 179, 187, 217, 227, 233, 234, 237, 266ПІ0, 279n65; participation in anti-Semitic propaganda, 175,180, 181; participation in the anti-Soviet propaganda, 172-181; Ukrainian, 219, 221 Interrogations, 6, 8, 90, 183, 185, 193, 200, 258Ո97, 206, 262Ո52, 274n56, 279Ո69, 280Ո83, 284Ո35, 288n39 Interrogators, Soviet, 8, 184 Investigations: Romanian, 8, 60, 78, 80, 82, 88, 90, 104, 149, 250Ш9, 255Ո36, 255Ո61, 263n74, 268Ո35; Soviet, 83, 196, 241ШЗ, 258ПІ02, 279Ո77, 283n32, 285Ո43
300 INDEX Investigators: Romanian, 8, 90, 164; Soviet, 6, 7, 8, 179, 186, 285Ո45 Ionescu (prosecutor), 89, 90, 257n94 Iron Guard, See Legionaries Irredentism: communist, 220; Ukrainian, 141-144, 165, 219, 270n87, 270n91 Isopescu, Modest, 79, 80, 81, 112 Jews, 93, 163, 188; deportation of, 36, 50, 51, 58, 59, 63, 81, 98, 99, 129, 247֊248n79, 250nl7; murder of, 7, 46, 80, 83, 92, 93, 151, 168, 175, 181, 183, 185, 186, 191, 235, 258Ш03, 275Ո79, 276ПІ9, 280n96, 28ІПІ05, 28ІПІ10; persecution of, 2, 5, 7, 46, 74, 83, 85, 89, 92-93, 99, 126, 135, 151, 155, 160, 66, 180, 181, 182, 183, 191, 240nnl0—11, 253Ո13, 256Ո73, 273n53, 280n92; special rate of exchanges of rubles for, 147, 271n9. See aho Yids Jienescu, Gheorghe, 18, 19, 242nl5 Jmerinca. See Zhmerinka, town of Journalists, 29, 79, 131, 154, 174, 175, 176, 179, 234, 278Ո59 Judeo-communism, 130, 181 Judeţe, 56, 58, 60, 73, 80. See aho individual judeţe: Ananiev, Balta, Berezovca, Dubăsari, Golta, lampol (Jugastru), Moghilău, Oceacov, Odessa, Ovidiopol, Râbniţa, Tiraspol, Tukin Judges: Romanian, 87, 88, 275n74; Soviet, 186 Judiciary: Romanian in Transnistria, 89; Soviet, 7, 87 Jugastru judeţ. See Iampol judeţ Jurisprudence, Soviet, 186, 275n86 Justice: administration of, in Transnistria, 87-93, 257Ո87; Mibtary Code of, 87, 88, 257n86; Soviet, 180; repressive, 87, 90 Kaloshin, Vladimir Antonovich, 195, 197 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 90, 178, 209, 278Ո57, 279Ո73, 284n34, 285Ո45, 286n3 Killinger, Freiherr Manfred von, 19, 22, 47, 48, 59 Klimenko, Afanasii Nikitich, 199, 200, 207 Kolkhozes, 29, 47, 48, 49, 115, 121, 141, 149,
150, 154, 164, 168, 169, 184, 226, 234, 272Ո23, 276Ո25 Koval'chuk, Anis'ia, 196, 289n53 Kraft, Anatolil, 175, 178, 180, 278n59, 278n63 Krymka, village of, 92, 214-216 Kuban, region of, 111, 262n52 Kuial'nik, village of, 193, 228 Kulturträger, 125, 144 Kursk, battle of, 111, 222 Kuznetsov, Vsevolod Aleksandrovich, 195-197, 200 Kyiy city of, 6, 17, 134, 177, 214, 219, 266nl3, 270Ո75, 286Ո4 Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, 266nl3 Laborers. See Workers Lange, N., 126, 270n81 Language (Romanian), teaching of, 138, 139, 140, 171 Laws (Romanian), 59, 68, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 84, 86, 89, 90, 94, 116, 231, 25Ш11, 253nl3, 257n91; international, of war, occupation, and annexation, 30, 41, 109, 117, 122, 130, 152, 157-160, 231, 237, 274Ո70, 275ՈՈ74-75, 275Ո77, 284Ո38; on the organization of Bessarabia and Bukovina, 58, 61-63, 250nll, 25ІП27, 25ІП30; Soviet, 88, 89,177,190,191 Lazarev, Semen Fedorovich, 201, 206, 207, 285Ո47, 285Ո50 Lazurskii, Vladimir Fedorovich, 140, 179 Lecca, Paulin, 135, 269nn48-49, 278Ո57 Legionaries, 55, 56, 74, 75, 105, 106, 116, 117, 252Ո58, 257Ո83, 262n46 Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich, 178, 214 Lermontov, Mikhail, 142, 143 Liaison Office of the German Wehrmacht in Odessa, 36 Lissievici, Ion, 86, 91, 92, 258Ш01 Loghin, 46, 47, 265Ш03 Looting: in Odessa, 155, 273n53; by the partisans of Romanian stocks, 227 Loraine, 59, 70 Losses: German, 18, 228; partisan, 224; Romanian, 16, 17, 18, 20, 222, 223, 242n24; Soviet population, 103, 178 Lukashov (lawyer), 83, 89 Lupu, Nicolae, 23, 25, 243ո37 Lutheran, 126, 135, 136, 269ո51 Kolybanov, Anatolil Georgievich, 203, 205, 283—284ՈՅՅ, 286Ո59
Komsomol, 92,169,170,184,198, 214, 290n64 Kondrat'ev, Sergei Dmitrievich, 179, 280ՈՈ79-80 Konspiratsiia, 193, 202, 204 Magistrates, Romanian, 88-94, 232 Managers. See Administrators Mânescu, Vasile, 83, 258nl04 Maniu, Iuliu, 18, 23, 28, 242nl9, 243ո48 Manuilă, Alexandru, 105, 118, 261n44
INDEX Manuilă, Sabin, 99, 100, 101, 105, 111, 112, 122, 259-260Ш4, 260Ո22, 260п30, 26Ш41, 264Ո77, Manuilov, Mikhail Dmitrievich, 136, 154, 155, 167, 269Ո55, 273ՈՈ46-47, 273n49, 273Ո51, 274Ո60, 276ППІ1-12, 276ПІ4 Marinescu, Ion C,, 59, 250n20 Marxism, 175, 178 Maslennikov, Anatolil, 175, 177, 180, 278n59, 279ՈՈ65-66 MASSR. See Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Mayors, 73-74; of Cernăuţi (see Popoviči, Traían); of Chişinău (see Pântea, Gherman); deputy mayor of Odessa (see Vidraşcu, Constantin); of Odessa (see Pântea, Gherman) Melnekist. See Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Memorandum: of Alexianu to Antonescu, 88; of Bulat to Alexianu, 119; of Bulat to Ion Antonescu, 121; of Dobre to Mihai Antonescu, 152; of General Ciupercă to Ion Antonescu, 17; of Golopenţia to Ion Antonescu, 109; of Institute of Transnistria to Mihai Antonescu, 120; of Ion Antonescu to Hitler, 27; of Mehedinţi to the government, 151; of Mihai Antonescu to Ribbentrop, 38; of the National Peasant Party to Ion Antonescu, 18, 23; of Neubacher to Alexianu, 156; of Pflaumer to Rioşanu, 57; of Triage Commission to the government, 108 Military Administration of the Territory between the Dniester and Buh Rivers. See Administration, military, of the territory between the Dniester and Buh Rivers Military necessity, 37, 159, 237 Minister (German): Reich (see Rosenberg, Alfred); of Foreign Affairs (see Ribbentrop, Joachim von) Minister (Romania): of Agriculture, 65; of Defense, 17, 107, 109, 248n96; of Finance, 63, 25ІП40, 27ІПІ0; of Foreign Affairs, 27; of Munitions and Production for War, 152; of
National Economy, 59; of National Education, 243n35, 260n20; of Public Works and Communications, 37 Ministers (Romania), 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 38, 41, 42, 58, 61, 62, 63, 93, 99, 153. See aho Council of Ministers Ministries (Romania): Education, 262n46; Finance, 28, 64, 78, 147, 271n7; Foreign ЗОЇ Affairs, 51, 52, 111, 247n52; Interior, 66, 84, 86, 273n31, 290n60; National Culture and Arts, 267A30; National Defense, 18, 218, 275n74; National Economy, 38, 249n6, 255n36; Propaganda, 116 Ministry of Occupied Eastern Territories (Germany), 70 Mission: civilizing, of Romania in Transnistria, 29, 32, 125; German Military (also Army), in Romania, 21, 35, 36, 53; of Romanian Orthodox Church, 130-138, 144, 233, 268Ո35, 268n42, 269n49, 269n51 Mobilization, in the army, 78, 169, 183, 253n7 Model provinces: Bessarabia and Bukovina, 57, 62, 63, 99; Transnistria, 32, 63-66, 93; settlements of refugees as models, 109 Moghilău Gendarmerie Legion, 136 Moghilău judeţ, 109, 110, 111, 219, 220, 255Ո36, 263Ո65 Moghilev, town of, 51, 87, 289Ո44 Mohyla (Mohilă), Pentru (Petr), 126, 266ШЗ Moldova, 18, 105, 147п79, 266ШЗ Moldovan National Council, 117 Moldovans, 21, 23, 27, 46, 47, 65, 79, 85, 99-123, 133, 137, 138, 174, 183, 190, 205, 217, 233, 260Ո23, 262Ո52, 262n62, 263n70, 264n91, 265Ш 03, 268П41 Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR), 100-101, 174, 260n23 Molodtsov (Molodtsov-Badaev). See Badaev Molva, 173-177, 181, 266n6, 266Ш5, 267nl7, 267ПІ9, 267Ո23, 267Ո32, 278n62, 279ՈՈ65-66, 280Ո82, 280Ո87, 280n91 Moods of the population, reports on, 123, 127, 137, 187, 188, 220, 223,
267n21, 287nl8. See aho Opinion, popular, in Transnistria Moraru, Pavel, 78, 86, 255n35, 255n50, 255Ո60, 256Ո82, 257ՈՈ83-85, 283Ш6 Moruzov, Mihail, 86, 257n83 Moscow, city of, 24, 27, 178, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 229, 262n59; Radio Moscow, 67, 159. See aho Synod, Moscow Munich, city of, 15, 20, 116 Museums: in Krymka, 214; looting of, 151, 158, 234; in Odessa, 118, 198, 229, 234, 279Ո68; US Holocaust Memorial Museum, 5, 182 Mykola'iv: city of, 36, 111, 113; oblast, 1, 214 Myth: emigré, of Odessan cultural revival, 144; of Odessan prosperity, 154-157, 234; of partisan glory, also partisan mythology,
302 INDEX Myth (continued) 193, 200, 206, 212, 214, 216; Soviet, of the war, also of all-people struggle, 5, 6, 163, 208, 239Ո6 National Council of Transnistrian Romanians, 117, 118 Nationalism, 97, 98; Romanian, 58, 62, 122, 232, 250ПІЗ, 258ППІ-2, 261n43, 262n45; in Russian, 131; Ukrainian, 142, 143, 144, 165, 172,219, 233 Nationalists: Romanian, 25, 31, 74, 116, 118, 131; Russian, 218; Ukrainian, 6, 86, 141, 142, 219, 220, 221, 236, 239n6, 243n44. See abo Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Nationalities, 28, 108, 112, 115; Moldovan, 121; Ukrainian, 52, 183 National Legionary State, 55-56, 74-75, 252Ո58 National Liberal Party (NLP), 18, 75 National Peasants Party (PNŢ), 17, 23-27, 75, 160, 242ПІ5, 260n20, 265Ш22 National Socialism, 46, 178 Neagu, Alexandru, 63, 64, 25ІП40, 27ІПІ0 Negotiations: of Alexianu with the Germans concerning the “Jewish problem” and Polish setders, 51, 52; over the general peace, 27; German-Romanian over the railway in Transnistria, 37; of Mihai Antonescu with Clodius, 42-43; of Mihai Antonescu with Ribbentrop, 38; Romanian-German over the status of Transnistria, 34, 242n28 Neu-Amerika, hamlet of, 184, 185 Neubacher, Hermann, 40, 156, 146n31 Newspapers, in Transnistria, occupierssponsored, 8, 23, 115, 128, 131, 173-178, 207, 266n6 NKVD, 6, 90, 168,174,179,192-201, 204-206, 211, 212, 280Ո83,280n91,282n8,283ППІ2-13, 284ՈՈ34-35, 284ՈՈ37-38, 285n45 NLP. See National Liberal Party Nomikos, Orest Aleksandrovich, 179, 279Ո77 Non-ethnic Romanians, 29, 113, 138, 140, 243n47; Germans, 47 Novoe slovo, 154, 174, 278Ո53 Obkom: of Odessa oblast, 194, 214,
258n96, 283ПІ8, 283Ո32, 285n44, 286Ո53, 286n55, 286n57, 287-288Ո27, 288n30; of Vynnitsia oblast, 188; underground (Odessa), 200-213, 222, 283Ո32, 284ՈՈ34-35, 286n53. See also Kolybanov, Anatolii Georgievich; Petrovskii, Aleksandr Pavlovich Obşte, 164,168, 189. See also Kolkhozes Occupation: administration of, 55-71; aims of, 31-34; army of, 6, 36, 108; legal status of, 24-30; limits of, 34-55; institutions of, 72-74, 84-94; military, 29, 42, 88; personnel of, 74-84; of Romania during World War I, 159-160; Romanian, of Transnistria, 21-24; Soviet, of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, 13-15 Oceacov Gendarmerie Legion, 135, 148, 189, 289Ո52 Oceacov judeţ, 47, 109, 111, 288n38, 289n50 Ochakov, town of, 87, 148 Odessa, 173-174 Odessa: battle of, 16-20; city of, 1-6, 16-21, 28, 35-39, 51, 60, 64-66, 74-77, 82-92, 101, 102, 108, 114-118, 121, 125-129, 132, 133, 135-145, 148, 149, 151-156, 159, 165, 166, 172-181, 185-190, 193-211, 216-220, 227-237; Conservatory, 177, 179, 187; cultural renaissance, 145, 233; economic miracle, 154-157, 234; myth of cultural revival, 144; port, 38, 39,138, 203, 228, 245nl7, 245Ո22; trams as trophy, 151,152, 273n33 Odessa Gendarmerie Inspectorate, 53,143, 157, 169, 189, 190, 219, 226, 249Ш04, 255Ո55, 287Ո25 Odessa Gendarmerie Legion, 285n40 Odessa oblast, , 83, 170, 172, 184, 200, 205, 1 207, 209, 210, 284Ո37, 287n27, 288n30 Odesskaia gazeta, 175,176,179,187,265n95, 266ՈՈ7-8,267Ш7, 267n25,268Ո41,273n45, 277Ո28,278ՈՈ60-61,278Ո63,279n65,279n67, 279n70,279Ո72,279n74,280Ո81, 280n89 Offensive: Romanian, 17, 20; Soviet, 220, 287ШЗ Office of the Chairman of
the Council of Ministers. See Preşedenţia Consiliului de Miniştri Old Kingdom, Romania, 26, 62, 99,105, 140, 159, 247Ո79 Operation 1111, 44, 106, 151, 152, 158, 189, 273Ո42 Opinion, popular: Romanian, on the batde of Odessa, 18-20, 23; in Transnistria, 143, 151-152, 165-166, 187-192, 221, 225-227 Opposition in Romania, pro-Western, 18, 24, 70, 122, 123, 160, 231
INDEX Oppression, 116, 143, 188. See aho Repression, political, in the Soviet Union; Terror, communist; Purges, Stalinist Order; of Alexianu on closing down Ukrainian theater, 114; of Alexianu on resettlement, 110; of Antonescu appointing General Voiculescu plenipotentiary for Bessarabia, 57; of Antonescu on deporting Jews of Bukovina, 59; of Antonescu on putting Ukrainian setders to work, 52; of Antonescu on resettlement, 111; of Antonescu on the capture of Odessa, 16; of Antonescu to kill all partisans, 91-92; of General Pantazi on resettlement of Moldovans, 107; of General Schwab on the complete destruction of the partisan villages, 224; of Herseni to destroy archival documents, 106; of Odessa Gendarmerie Inspectorate to intern all Soviet POWs in the camps, 54; of Potopeanu on the withdrawal from Transnistria, 44; of Soviet authorities to the communists prohibiting their registration with the occupiers, 170; of Soviet procurator Bochkov on the punishment of traitors, 186 Ordinances, 88; Ordinance #2, 168; Ordinance #4, 182; Ordinance #5, 168; Ordinance #8, 76; Ordinance #9, 82; Ordinance #10, 88, 133; Ordinance #23, 92-93; Ordinance #25, 101; Ordinance #27, 182; Ordinance #37, 87; Ordinance #69, 12; Ordinance #79, 147; Ordinance #88, 136; Ordinance #103, 147 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Banderist and Melnikist factions of, 219,202; Orientalism, 4, 97, 98, 124, 131, 144, 233, 259n3,259n6 Orthodoxy, Stalinist, 208. See also Church, Orthodox Ovidiopol: judeţ, 39; town of, 87 Pădure, Aristide, 81, 83, 255n36, 256n62 Pantazi, Mircea, 107, 109 Pântea, Gherman:
advocates more lenient policy toward local population, 129,267n24; appointed and supported by Alexianu, 66, 74; background and politics of, 75, 76, 77, 129, 254ՈՈ15-17; Pântea-Alexianu "pro capitalist” policies, 155-157 Partisans, 6, 53, 85, 188, 189, 192, 193, 199, 200, 202, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 214, 216, 217, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 236, 264Ո93, 53, 54, 279n64, 282ПІ20, 303 282ПІ22, 283Ш6, 283ПІ8, 287n27, 288Ո30, 288Ո43, 289Ո48, 289n50, 289Ո53, 290n65; "Burevestnik” detachment, 220, 221, 222; growing popular support of, 213, 222-230; history, 229, 285n45, 286n53, 287Ш1; hunted down by the Romanians with local support, 202-203; identities, 214, 217-222, 229-230; Partisan Spark (Partizanskaia iskra), 214, 258nl02, 286nl, 286n4; Pribuzhskaia, 222; Third Ukrainian Front Partisan Movement Staff, 172. See aho Myth, of partisan glory Pătrăşcoiu, Nicolae, 224, 225, 288nn39-40 Patriarch of Romanian Orthodox Church, 131,267Ո26 PCM. See Preşedenţia Consiliului de Miniştri Peace, general, after the war, 26, 27, 64, 88, 111, 159, 160 Penter, Tanja, 172, 240Ш2, 241Ш4, 277ո45 Pershin, Petr, 175, 180, 278ո59 Pervomaiks, city of, 185, 215, 221 Peter the Great: street, 177; treaty with Moldovan Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, 266ШЗ Petrovich, Ion, 28-31 Petrovskii, Aleksandr Pavlovich: ambiguity of his record, 212; arrested and possibly recruited by the Romanians, 200-201; arrested, tried, and executed by the Soviets, 205, 283ՈՅՅ, 284n35, 285n44; early biography of, 203; embezzlement of funds and false diary of, 210; mistakes of, 210; rearrested and attempted suicide, 205;
rehabilitation of, 209, 210, 286n56, 286Ո58; release and underground activity of, 202-204; selected to lead communist underground in Odessa, 200; Soviet trial and sentence, 205 Pflaumer, Karl, 55-59, 70, 250n8 Plasă, 56, 58, 73 Platov, Ivan Emeľianovich, 170, 202, 204, 284ո38 PNŢ. See National Peasants Party Poizner, Mikhail Borisovich, 128,129, 139, 168 Poles from eastern Galicia, 51-52 Police: abuses of, 90-92; ethnic German in Transnistria, 54; Odessa, 141, 157, 188, 189, 191, 256Ո77, 285n40; Romanian in Transnistria, 6, 49, 53, 73, 84, 85, 86, 90-93, 125, 136, 142, 155, 169, 172, 187, 189, 201, 204, 211, 216, 219, 223, 255Ո61, 256Ո76, 264Ո92, 281Ո98. See aho NKVD
304 INDEX Policemen, 85, 115, 118, 165, 168, 169, 191, 233-23; as perpetrators of anti-Jewish crimes, 181-186 Popoviči, Traían, 59, 250nl7 Popular opinion. See opinion, popular Population, 4, 5, 25, 33, 38, 57, 124, 178, 239nl, 274n57; exchange, 49-54, 99, 100, 102, 107-114, 120, 122, 123, 138, 144, 163, 232, 258n2, 258ПІ4, 263n70, 265Ш22, 266Ո1; settlement, 51, 106, 107, 111, 113, 123. See also Deportation Population of Odessa, 85, 129, 144, 147, 155, 157, 181, 234, 252Ո46, 267Ո24, 274n64 Population of Transnistria, , 2, 3, 6, 9, 29, 30, 33, 34, 44, 47, 66, 77, 81, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107-113, 125, 137, 147, 148, 150, 151, 160, 167, 177, 187, 191, 201, 213, 230, 233-236, 244n6; anti-Semitism of, 181; Christian, 9, 138; demography of, 100-101, 183; dissatisfied with 1 failure to disband kolkhozes and replace communist managers, 141, 168-169; help restore order and economy, 166; lack of enthusiasm for carrying out agricultural works, 33-34, 36; help identify and arrest communists, 188, 202, 202, 211; and religion, 135-138, 233; support partisans, 225-227; welcome Romanian and German troops, 165-166, 187-188, 202, 252Ո46. See also Germans, ethnic; Jews; Moldovans; Moods of the population; Opinion, popular Potopeanu, Gheorghe, 44, 153, 227, 273n42 Prefects, 40, 47-47, 73, 78-84, 110, 112, 141, 149, 227, 247ՈՈ63-64, 247Ո72, 265Ш03, 288Ո38 Prefectura, 79-81, 243n73; prtfectura poliţiei (Odessa), 85 Preşedenţia Consiliului de Miniştri (PCM), 52, 58, 64, 80, 86, ПО, 120, 248ո97, 28ІП98 Press: Romanian-controlled, 115, 125, 133, 174-175, 177, 180; Soviet, 197, 209, 228 Pretors:
military, 87, 88, 92, 93; of plasă or raion, 56, 58, 60, 73, 78, 80, 83, 151, 167, 184, 227, 247Ո64, 258Ш03 Priests, Christian Orthodox, 114, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135-137, 142, 151, 174, 179, 199, 219, 268Ո45, 269Ո49 Primari, 73-74, 167-168 Primaria, 101, 205; of the city of Odessa, 83, 89, 155, 173, 174 Prisoners, Soviet. 15, 52, 53,121,160,215, 223, 282Ո120; recruited as policemen, 183-184; as recruiting ground for partisans, 189 Private property in Transnistria, problem of, 29, 120 Procurator. See Prosecutors, Soviet Propaganda: anti-Semitic, 175, 180-181, 235; participation of local intellectuals in, 173-181, 190; Romanian nationalist and government, 14, 15, 27, 72, 79,116, 119, 125, 126, 131, 133, 135-137, 144, 173, 218, 233, 235; Soviet, 110, 176, 177, 188, 199, 218, 219, 220; Ukrainian, 142, 270n91 Prosecutors: Romanian, 89, 91, 93, 257n94; Soviet, 186, 209, 276n3 Provinces, 56; eastern Romanian, 14, 16, 18, 22, 41, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 70, 99, 105, 108, 109, 111, 116, 122, 153, 245ПІ4 Prundeni, I. P., 131, 267Ո32 Prussia, 58, 70 Puiu, Visarion, 74, 132, 134, 268n43 Purges, Stalinist, 170, 178,196, 198, 203, 221, 234 Purification of race, 23, 46, 98, 99, 232 Râbniţa: city of, 36, 114, 225; judeţ, 110, 111, 123,263n65 Râbniţa Gendarmerie Legion, 225, 269n65 Race: Aryan, 106; East European, Nordic, and Atlantoid, 105; purification of, 23; Slavic, 28; struggle of, 28; yellow, 180 Racism, 4, 105, 106, 191, 235, 236; antiSlavic, 180, 237; Nazi, 28, 180; Nordic, 4; "scientific", 105-106 Radicalization, of Romanian policy of plunder of Transnistria, 160, 236
Radio: Moscow, 67, 159; Romanian, in Transnistria, 139; stocked equipment of, 195 Raikom, 200-209, 282Ш23; Beliaevskii raikom, 201; Berezovskii raikom, 201; Il'ichëvskii, 201, 202, 204; Prigorodnyi, 206-208, 228, 284П37; Vodnotransportnyi, 200, 203, 205 Railway, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 43, 54, 148, 150, 153, 159, 171, 190, 197, 198, 234, 245ППІ4-15; dispute with the Germans over control of, in Transnistria, 36-38; partisan sabotage of, 197-198,215, 222-226; Romanian State Railway Company (CFR) and its branch in Transnistria (CFRT), 38, 138, 171, 272n20, 289Ո44
INDEX Raions, 73, 87, 101, 138, 148, 201, 202; Grosulovo, 47, 247ո64; Northern raions, in Transnistria, 202, 222; in Odessa, 200; Savranskii, 201, 287n27; Vodnotransportnyi, 203, 283n33 Răzvan (siguranţa chief in Odessa), 89-90 Real estate, in Transnistria. See private property Re-Christianization, 131, 233 Red Army. See Army, Red Refugees, 2, 23, 27, 79, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 116, 118, 117, 227, 243-244Ո49, 262Ո52, 263ՈՈ72-73, 265Ո97, 289Ո52 Regat. See Old Kingdom, Romania Regime: Bolshevik, 45, 178; Brezhnevite, 209; Romanian, of Ion Antonescu, 7, 25, 26, 27, 28, 34, 86, 122, 130, 25Ш35, 267Ո26; Soviet, 5, 7, 107, 137, 174, 177, 179, 180, 184, 186, 187, 188, 191, 199, 202, 203, 207, 210, 211, 215, 216, 221, 226, 229, 230; Tsarist, 136. See also Occupation Reichskommissariat Ukraine. See Ukraine, Reichskommissariat Rein, Leonid, 164, 165, 240n8, 272n2 Religion, 125, 133, 136, 144, 217, 233, 257n91 Religious revival, 130-138, 144 Report, activities, 114, 121, 138, 141, 142, 171, 249Ш03, 264Ո87, 268n40, 272ПІ4, 272Ш6, 272n20, 274n64, 277n39, 277n47, 277Ո51, 278Ո64 Repatriation: of Ukrainians and Poles from eastern Galicia, 51, 52; of ethnic Germans from Bessarabia and Bukovina, 63; of eastern Romanians, 104, 107, lll,263n54 Repression: political, in the Soviet Union, 120, 186, 203, 208, 226, 276Ш7, 280n78; rehabilitation of victims of, , 208, 209, 210, 285Ո44, 285Ո52, 286Ո53, 286Ո58, 287n26; Romanian, 141, 232; Tsarist, 176 Reprisals: Soviet, 111, 167; Romanian, 224, 289Ո44 Requisitioning, 40, 44, 48-50, 228 Resistance: “accidental groups”, 213-217, cells of, 53,
200, 202, 206, 211, 213, 214, 222; guerrillas in catacombs (Soldatenko group, 194; Kuznetsov-Kaloshin group, 195-197); paranoia in, 6; Ukrainian nationalist, 220. Seeaho Badaev, Vladimir Aleksandrovich; Bragorenko, Tat'iana Sergeevna; Heroes; Obkom, underground; Partisans, Partisan Spark; Raikom; Traitors Resources: administrative, 22, 172; dispute with the Germans over, 40-44, 21; lack 6 305 of to support deported Jews, 51-52; Transnistrian economic, 4, 9, 33, 34, 37, 39, 40-41, 44, 48, 54, 67, 106, 144, 146-162, 164, 171, 189, 191, 226-228, 232, 234. See also Operation 1111 Rezidenţe of SSI, 87 Rezidentūra, NKVD, 195-197 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 26, 38-39, 42 Richelieu, fifth Duke de, 82; monument to, 229 Rioşanu, Alexandru, 57, 59, 249ոՅ RKKS, 82, 115, 120, 134, 148, 157, 171, 254Ո28; depreciation of, 147; exchange of rubles into, 77, 271n5, 271n8, 272nl2 Roma, 5, 98, 163, 186 Romania, Greater, 26, 243n48 Romanian Academy, 28 Romanian national anthem, 218 Romans, 25, 124, 180 Rosenberg, Alfred, 60, 70 Rothkirch und Panthen, Friedrich-Wilhelm von, 156,245nl4 Russia, 77, 89, 103, 105, 133, 136, 176, 177, 202 Russian Civil War, 13, 45, 100, 116, 174, 230, 278Ո53 Russian Empire, 27, 98 Russian nation/people, 131, 175, 177, 218 Russians, 64, 65, 99, 101, 126-133, 140, 176-180, 217, 218, 273n38, 290n60 Russian Steppe, 125, 233 Sabotage, 85, 169-172,180-182, 194-197, 200-205, 210, 217, 222-228, 235, 236 Savchenko, Nikolai Petrovich, 181, 280n91 Savranskii: raion, 201, 287n27; forest, 207, 221 Schobert, Eugen Ritter von, 15, 16, 48, 241n9, 247Ո71 School, of craftsmen #1, 153;
commercial, 174; Gusti’s, 26ІП34; High, of Criminal Studies, 275n74; Higher Party, 203; NKVD, 198; Odessa, of Arts, 10; Soviet, 216 Schools, 49, 62, 64, 113, 115, 121, 133, 139, 142,214,219, 221 Scriban, Iuliu, Archimandrite, 132, 134, 268ՈՅՅ Scientific Institute of Transnistria, 119 Section II of Romanian General Staff, 86, 110, 166, 187,217 Sects, religious, 131, 136, 144 Selbstschutz, 184-185 Semeriunik, Evgenia, 195, 197 Serbskii, Georgii Petrovich, 179, 279n76
306 INDEX Serviciul Special de Informaţii (SSI), 53, 67, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, ПО, 121, 142, 151, 157, 165, 166, 171, 187, 197, 199, 200, 202, 204, 205, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 223-225, 229, 257Ո95, 258ПІ01, 272Ш9, 277ո27, 277Ո52, 282Ո7, 283ШЗ, 284ո35, 284Ո39-40, 287ПІ8, 287Ո27, 288ո36֊37, 288ո42, 289ո48,289Ո53; Odessa Intelligence Center Odessa, 86; subcenter, 87, 277ո27 Settlement, of population. See Population Settlements, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 101, 109 Settlers, 25, 51, 52, 108 Shcherba family members, 207, 285n50 Shevchenko, Taras, 142, 143, 219 Shettle, Ivan Gustavovich, 178, 279n72 Shkvarovskii, Mikhail, 133, 134, 135, 268ՈՈ36-37, 268Ո39, 268n42, 268n45, 269Ո50 Shvets, Aleksandr Afanas'evich, 180, 187, 188, 218, 280Ո92 Shytiuk, Mykolą, 215, 239n6, 258ПІ02, 286nl, 286n6, 290Ո66 Siebert, Klaus, 45, 46, 269Ո51 Siguranţa, 53, 66, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 137, 165, 187, 195, 196, 257Ո95 SK-R. See SS Sonderkommando-R Slavs, 28, 31, 97, 98, 105, 106, 110, 120, 123, 218, 236; Bessarabian and Bukovinian, 109, 111, 112; Transnistrian, 115, 123, 130, 134 Slepyan, Kenneth, 192, 193, 230, 282nnl-2, 290Ո65, 290Ո68 SMERSH, 7, 196, 202, 284Ո34, 284Ո37 Smochină, Nichita: on Alexianu, 65; early biography of, 116; elected chair of the National Council of Transnistrian Romanians, 117; on the number of Moldovans, 100, 104; offered governorship of Transnistria, 77, 116-117; relations with members thereof, 117-119; selfappointed leader of Transnistrian Moldovans, 65 Sociologists, 28, 101-104, 187 Sokolov, Nikolai Afanas'evich, 126, 140, 179, 180, 270ՈՈ74-75, 270Ո81, 279ՈՈ76-77, 280Ո84
Soldatenko, Aleksandr, 194-195, 282n8 Soldiers: 5; German, 40, 43, 155, 208, 222, 227; Romanian, 39, 40, 69, 82, 85, 131, 155, 222, 224, 225; Soviet, 183, 217 Soitan. See Zoltan, Chirilă Sovereignty: 158; Romanian, 23, 24, 29, 34, 37-44, 54, 88, 102, 111 Soviet-Romanian border, 14 Soviets, 5, 7, 14-17, 25, 29, 41, 45, 51, 62, 77, 112, 113, 117, 123-128, 136, 137, 142-145, 150, 154, 159, 160, 164, 167, 169-182, 188-193, 197, 199, 200-236, 276n20, 278Ո59, 283ПІ4, 284n38, 290Ո60 Soviet Union, 2,3,8, 9, 13, 14, 24, 27, 45, 50, 54, 120, 127, 131, 154, 170, 174, 176, 186, 191, 193, 195, 198, 203, 209, 210, 216, 218, 229, 231, 234-237, 284n37; Nazi-occupied, 164 Sovkhozes, 149, 168 SSI. See Serviciul secret de informaţii SSSRCI. See State Under Secretariat of Romanianization, Colonization, and Inventory SS Sonderkommando-R (SK-R), 44-48, 54, 184, 269Ո51 Stahl, Henri H., 101, 104, 106 Stalin, Joseph, 178, 192, 208, 216, 231, 285n45 Stalingrad, 20, 130, 140, 188, 189, 193,242, 24, 287ШЗ State: ethnonational, 124; Lenin's theory of, 179; Romanian, 26, 33, 41, 49, 50, 55, 62, 71, 75, 81, 94, 122, 125, 130, 146, 149, 252n58; Transnistria as an independent, 122; “truly people's”, 176; Soviet, 217, 234; Ukrainian, 27, 141, 142 State Under Secretariat of Romanianization, Colonization, and Inventory (SSSRCI), 100, 107, 108, 109, 243n49, 263n56, 263Ո60 Stavrat, Olimpiu, 111, 153, 251n36 Steinhart, Eric, 45, 246n50, 247nn52-58, 248n81 Strategy, Romanian grand, 8, 25, 31, 158-160 (at Odessa, 17); German, 39; Petrovskii's, 204; Soviet, 192; Ukrainian Nationalist, 221, 236 Students: enrolled in
Romanian courses, 138; Gusti's, 103; members of the Partisan Spark organization, 214; Moldovan in Transnistria, 114; Soviet, at the university of Odessa, 149; in Ukrainian schools, 142; at the university of Odessa, 140, 268n41 Subprefects, 73, 79, 81, 115, 118, 119, 255Ո36, 265ПІ03, 265ПІ10 Sukharev, Sergei Semenovich, 203-204 Surveillance: Romanian pohce and gendarmerie surveillance in Transnistria, 92, 137, 142, 169, 179, 204, 212, 219; Romanian surveilling bodies in Transnistria, 123, 137, 150, 236 Survivors, 8, 46, 81, 185, 186, 187, 214, 221, 273Ո53
INDEX Synod: Moscow, 131, 133, 134; Romanian Orthodox Church, 131, 132; Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia, 131 Tătăranu, Nicolae, 34, 35, 248ո96 Tatars, 180; Crimean, 178 Taxes, in Transnistria, 48, 151, 121, 149, 158, 164, 167, 168, 186, 190 Tchaikovsky, Peter, 218, 226 Teachers: Ion Antonescu’s view of, 130; Italian fascists and Nazis as teachers of Romanians, 124; in Moldovan schools, 104, 113-114, 119; Romanian, 18, 138,140; Sovieteducated, 137, 214; teachers as intellectuals and bearers of national ideology, 127, 142, 219, 221; in Transnistria, 79 Terror, communist, 143, 165, 179, 186, 203 Theaters, 127, 179, 268n41; of Drama and Comedy (Odessa), 127; Jews purged from, 181; National [Romanian] in Odessa and Tiraspol, 114; in Odessa, 128, 129, 177; Odessa Opera, 126, 180, 218, 267n267; Ukrainian, in Odessa, closed by the Romanians, 114, 143, 264n88 Theology, 132, 133 Tighina: city of, 58, 77, 250n21; Convention of, 35-39, 41, 50, 51, 244nll; Council of Ministers meeting at, 250n20; GermanRomanian negotiations at, 34 Tiraspol, city of, 81, 85, 87, 92, 101, 108, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 131, 148, 149, 174, 216, 255Ո61, 258Ш03, 263n57; judeţ, 47, 104, 246Ո28, 247ՈՈ63-64; raion, 151; siguranţa, 137, 150 Torture: Romanian, 90, 92, 200, 204, 214, 215, 257Ո95; Soviet, 7 Traitors to the Soviet cause, 6, 167, 172, 204-215, 228 Transnistria: area of, 1; borders of, 1, 34, 35, 36, 40, 52, 148, 154, 262n52; definition of 1; patrimonial domination of 70; as a pawn, 27; properties, 227, 236. See aho Condominium; Population of Transnistria; Model provinces, Transnistria;
Resources, Transnistrian economic Transnistria Gendarmerie Inspectorate, 84, 135, 142, 169, 188, 249n98, 249Ш03, 252Ո46, 255Ո55, 256n80, 264Ո90, 271n5, 276n25 Transylvania: cession of northern Transylvania, 14; fate linked to the supposed future of Transnistria, 14, 24-27, 117; place in "biological 307 worthiness” hierarchy of Romanians, 105; place in Romanian national ideology, 25; refugees from, 23, 243n49; return an absolute priority of Antonescu’s government, 23, 34 Trophies, 36, 41, 49, 151-152. See aho Booty Tulchin, town of 223, 226 Tülcin Gendarmerie Legion, 219, 225 Tülcin judeţ, 85, 219, 223, 224, 288ո35 Typhus, 151, 181, 196 Ukraine, 1, 3, 6, 13,17, 23, 26, 38, 120, 230; German- and Romanian-occupied, 39, 51, 109, 131, 141, 143, 166, 172, 184, 193,211, 220, 222, 249n6,269n45; independence, 3, 5, 6, 218, 235, 236, 258ПІ02, 290Ո67; purported post-war independent state of, 21, 31, 98, 109, 142, 144, 219, 221; Reichskommissariat, 135, 144, 147, 236; Soviet, 1, 90, 111, 200, 208, 211, 214, 284n33 Ukrainian Nationalist Movement. See nationalism, Ukrainian; Partisan Ukrainians, 143, 218; of Bessarabia and Bukovina, 99, 141, 221; from eastern Galicia of Transnistria, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 101, 110, 112, 133, 140, 141, 142, 143, 166, 183,219 Underground, pro-Soviet, 6, 90-93, 170, 200-213, 228, 229, 257n96, 277n49, 278Ո64 282ПІ23, 283ՈՈ31-32, 285Ո45, 286Ո53, 287ПІ1, 287n27, 289n44, 289Ո53; Soviet Ukrainian nationalist, 217-222, 236-237. See aho Resistance Union: of Bessarabia with Romanian Kingdom, 75; of Transnistria with Romanian Motherland (purported), 117 Universities:
Bucharest, 103, 115, 132, 260n20, 275Ո74; Cernăuţi, 59; Iaşi, 75, 116, 132; Odessa, 114, 115, 125, 126, 127, 133, 140, 175, 177, 178, 179, 205, 220, 268n41, 270Ո75, 279Ո76; St. Vladimirin Kyïv, 177; Western-European, 116 Usatovo, village of 194, 199, 207, 228 Varneke, Boris Vasil'evich, 179, 268n41, 270Ո75, 280Ո84, 287Ш7 Varvarovka, village of 108, 111 Vasiliu, Constantin (Pikky), 77, 78, 85, 91, 93, 264n92, 290Ո60 Vekseľman, Rakhil', 185, 28ІПІ07 Verbindungsstab der deutschen Wehrmacht für Transnistrien. See German Army Liaison Office in Transnistria
308 INDEX Verbindungsstelle der Deutschen Wehrmacht in Odessa. See Liaison Office of the German Wehrmacht in Odessa Verdery, Katherine, 25, 124 Veterans: of the party underground, 209; Romanian, 99, 100, 106, 122 Vidraşcu, Constantin, 67, 83 Vienna accord (diktat), 24-27 Vinnytsia oblast, 1, 188, 201, 219 Violence: anti-Semitic, 46, 180, 235, 265ПІ22; German, 274n54; Romanian, 39, 40, 90, 125, 130, 151, 186. Soviet partisan, 197, 212, 225, 236; as a technique of government, 98. See aho Gendarmes, beatings and torture by, murder by; Police, abuses of, Romanian in Transnistria Vlădescu, Ovidiu, 64, 110 Vodno-transportnyi raibom. See Raikom Vodno-transportnyi raion, Odessa. See Raions Voiculescu, Constantin, 52, 63, 25ІП37 Voisin, Vanessa, 164, 167, 170, 172, 190, 284Ո37 Volksdeutsche. See Germans, ethnic Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VoMi), 48, 49, 54 Vronskii, Vasilii Mikhailovich, 127,129,267Ш9 Vykhodtsev, Iosif Ivanovich, 220, 221, 288Ո27, 288Ո29 Waikum, Robert, 185, 28ІПІ06 Warthegau, 70, 253n65 Wehrmacht, 15, 21, 35-38, 41, 48, 53, 56, 152,156 Werth, Alexander, 82, 140, 268n45 Withdrawal: Germans, 228, 236; Romanian, demanded by Great Britain, 18; Romanians in 1944, 234; Romans from Dacia, 19; Soviet, 41, 78, 136, 188, 192, 193, 204, 272n23 Workers, 157, 163, 165,166, 167, 170,171, 189, 195, 198, 203, 204, 217, 234 Working class: lower classes, 78, 127, 165, 177, 227, 234, 264Ո85, 267n22; upper middle classes, 89, 177 World War I, 25, 45, 74, 81, 158, 159, 160, 274Ո70 World War II, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 39, 231, 232, 239n6, 24ІПІ4, 282Ո6 Worthiness: biological, 105;
civilizational, 233; national, 4 Yad Vashem, 6, 7, 182, 250Ш7 Yids, 126, 175, 176, 177, 218; communist, 188, 198; Moldovan youth, 115; of Transnistria, 136, 137, 224, 225 Zaftur, Hie, 118, 265Ш13 Zhmerinka, town of, 34 Zoltan, Chirilă, 91, 257ո94, 258ո99 Zotov, Nikolai Ivanovich, 209, 284nn33-34, 284Ո36,285Ո43, 285ՈՈ45-46 Bayerische} Staatsbibliothek I |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Solonarʹ, Vladimir Anatolevič 1959- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1125394528 |
| author_facet | Solonarʹ, Vladimir Anatolevič 1959- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Solonarʹ, Vladimir Anatolevič 1959- |
| author_variant | v a s va vas |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046196387 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 2650 NQ 4630 |
| contents | Conquering and delimiting Transnistria -- Defining aims and experiencing the limits of occupation -- Configuring Transnistrian administration -- Ruling Transnistria -- Making Transnistria "Romanian" -- "Civilizing" Transnistria -- Extracting economic resources -- Accommodating and collaborating -- Resisting, phase I : disasters -- Resisting, phase II : recovery to resurgence |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1141147147 (DE-599)BVBBV046196387 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1941-1944 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1941-1944 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ukraine Südwest (DE-588)4522542-4 gnd Transnistrien (DE-588)4245233-8 gnd Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine Südwest Transnistrien Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV046196387 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-02T12:00:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781501743184 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031575643 |
| oclc_num | 1141147147 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-M352 DE-12 DE-11 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-M352 DE-12 DE-11 DE-29 |
| physical | xiii, 308 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200116 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Cornell University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Solonarʹ, Vladimir Anatolevič 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)1125394528 aut A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 Vladimir Solonari Ithaca [New York] ; London Cornell University Press [2019] xiii, 308 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Conquering and delimiting Transnistria -- Defining aims and experiencing the limits of occupation -- Configuring Transnistrian administration -- Ruling Transnistria -- Making Transnistria "Romanian" -- "Civilizing" Transnistria -- Extracting economic resources -- Accommodating and collaborating -- Resisting, phase I : disasters -- Resisting, phase II : recovery to resurgence "Using newly available sources from the archives of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, USA, and Israel, this book explores Romanian occupation of a part of southwestern Ukraine during World War II as well as the local Christian population's reactions to it"-- Geschichte 1941-1944 gnd rswk-swf Besatzungspolitik (DE-588)4005975-3 gnd rswk-swf Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine Südwest (DE-588)4522542-4 gnd rswk-swf Transnistrien (DE-588)4245233-8 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Transnistria (Ukraine : Territory under German and Romanian occupation, 1941-1944) / Politics and government World War, 1939-1945 / Ukraine / Transnistria (Territory under German and Romanian occupation, 1941-1944) World War (1939-1945) Politics and government Ukraine / Transnistria Territory under German and Romanian occupation, 1941-1944 1939-1945 Ukraine Südwest (DE-588)4522542-4 g Transnistrien (DE-588)4245233-8 g Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 s Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 s Geschichte 1941-1944 z DE-604 Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Besatzungspolitik (DE-588)4005975-3 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-5017-4319-1 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB/MOBI 978-1-5017-4320-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575643&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575643&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Solonarʹ, Vladimir Anatolevič 1959- A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 Conquering and delimiting Transnistria -- Defining aims and experiencing the limits of occupation -- Configuring Transnistrian administration -- Ruling Transnistria -- Making Transnistria "Romanian" -- "Civilizing" Transnistria -- Extracting economic resources -- Accommodating and collaborating -- Resisting, phase I : disasters -- Resisting, phase II : recovery to resurgence Besatzungspolitik (DE-588)4005975-3 gnd Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4005975-3 (DE-588)4006020-2 (DE-588)4079167-1 (DE-588)4522542-4 (DE-588)4245233-8 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 |
| title_auth | A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 |
| title_exact_search | A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 |
| title_full | A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 Vladimir Solonari |
| title_fullStr | A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 Vladimir Solonari |
| title_full_unstemmed | A satellite empire Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 Vladimir Solonari |
| title_short | A satellite empire |
| title_sort | a satellite empire romanian rule in southwestern ukraine 1941 1944 |
| title_sub | Romanian rule in southwestern Ukraine, 1941-1944 |
| topic | Besatzungspolitik (DE-588)4005975-3 gnd Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Besatzungspolitik Besetzung Zweiter Weltkrieg Ukraine Südwest Transnistrien Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575643&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031575643&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT solonarʹvladimiranatolevic asatelliteempireromanianruleinsouthwesternukraine19411944 |